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OUTCOME 2 KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS TUTORIAL 2 PLANE MECHANISMS. You should judge your progress by completing the self assessment exercises.
- Vernon McLaughlin
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1 Unit 60: Dynamics of Machines Unit code: H/601/1411 QCF Level:4 Credit value:15 OUTCOME 2 KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS TUTORIAL 2 PLANE MECHANISMS 2 Be able to determine the kinetic and dynamic parameters of mechanical systems Cams: radial plate and cylindrical cams; follower types; profiles to give uniform velocity; uniform acceleration and retardation and simple harmonic motion outputs; output characteristics of eccentric circular cams, circular arc cams and cams with circular arc and tangent profiles with flat-faced and roller followers Plane mechanisms: determination of instantaneous output velocity for the slider-crank mechanism, the four-bar linkage and the slotted link and Whitworth quick return motions; construction of velocity vector diagrams; use of instantaneous centre of rotation Resultant acceleration: centripetal, tangential, radial and Coriolis components of acceleration in plane linkage mechanisms; resultant acceleration and inertia force; use of Klein s construction for the slider crank mechanism Gyroscopic motion: angular velocities of rotation and precession; gyroscopic reaction torque; useful applications e.g. gyro-compass and gyro-stabilisers You should judge your progress by completing the self assessment exercises. On completion of this short tutorial you should be able to do the following. Describe a mechanism. Define relative and absolute velocity. Define relative and absolute acceleration. Define radial and tangential velocity. Define radial and tangential acceleration. Describe a four bar chain. Solve the velocity and acceleration of points within a mechanism. Use Klein s construction to find the acceleration of a slider crank mechanism. Use mathematical and graphical methods. Construct velocity and acceleration diagrams. Define the Coriolis Acceleration. Solve problems involving sliding links. It is assumed that the student is already familiar with the following concepts. Vector diagrams. Simple harmonic motion. Angular and linear motion. Inertia force. Appropriate level of mathematics. All these above may be found in the pre-requisite tutorials. D.J.Dunn 1
2 1. INTRODUCTION A mechanism is used to produce mechanical transformations in a machine. This transformation could be any of the following. It may convert one speed to another speed. It may convert one force to another force. It may convert one torque to another torque. It may convert force into torque. It may convert one angular motion to another angular motion. It may convert angular motion into linear motion. It may convert linear motion into angular motion. A good example is a crank, connecting rod and piston mechanism. Figure 1 If the crank is turned, angular motion is converted into linear motion of the piston and input torque is transformed into force on the piston. If the piston is forced to move, the linear motion is converted into rotary motion and the force into torque. The piston is a sliding joint and this is called PRISMATIC in some fields of engineering such as robotics. The pin joints allow rotation of one part relative to another. These are also called REVOLUTE joints in other areas of engineering. Consider the next mechanism used in shaping machines and also known as the Whitworth quickreturn mechanism. Figure 2 D. J. Dunn 2
3 The input is connected to a motor turning at constant speed. This makes the rocking arm move back and forth and the head (that carries the cutting tool) reciprocates back and forth. Depending on the lengths of the various parts, the motion of the head can be made to move forwards at a fairly constant cutting speed but the return stroke is quick. Note that the pin and slider must be able to slide in the slot or the mechanism would jam. This causes problems in the solution because of the sliding link and this is covered later under Coriolis acceleration. The main point is that the motion produced is anything but simple harmonic motion and at any time the various parts of the mechanism have a displacement, velocity and acceleration. The acceleration gives rise to inertia forces and this puts stress on the parts in addition to the stress produced by the transmission of power. For example the acceleration of a piston in an internal combustion engine can be enormous and the connecting rod is subjected to high stresses as a result of the inertia as well as due to the power transmission. You will find in these studies that the various parts are referred to as links and it can be shown that all mechanisms are made up of a series of four links. The basic four bar link is shown below. When the input link rotates the output link may for example swing back and forth. Note that the fourth link is the frame of the machine and it is rigid and unable to move. With experience you should be able to identify the four bar chains in a mechanism. All the links shown are rigid links which means they may push or pull. It is possible to have links made of chain or rope which can only pull. Figure 3 D. J. Dunn 3
4 2. DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION All parts of a mechanism have displacement, velocity and acceleration. In the tutorial on free vibration, a mechanism called the Scotch Yoke was examined in order to explain sinusoidal or harmonic motion. The wheel turns at a constant speed and the yoke moves up and down. Figure 4 It was shown that the displacement x, velocity v and acceleration a of point p was given as follows. Angle = t Displacement x = R sin(t). Velocity v = dx/dt = R cos(t) Acceleration a = dv/dt = - 2 R sin(t) The values can be calculated for any angle or moment of time. The acceleration could then be used to calculate the inertia force needed to accelerate and decelerate the link. Clearly it is the maximum values that are needed. Other mechanisms can be analysed mathematically in the same way but it is more difficult. The starting point is to derive the equation for displacement with respect to angle or time and then differentiate twice to get the acceleration. Without the aid of a computer to do this, the mathematics is normally much too difficult and a graphical method should be used as shown later. WORKED EXAMPLE No.1 A crank, con rod and piston mechanism is shown below. Determine the maximum acceleration of the piston when the crank speed is 30 rev/min clockwise. Figure 5 D. J. Dunn 4
5 SOLUTION When = 0 the piston will be furthest left at a distance of 170 mm from point O. Take this as the reference point and measure displacement x from there. Remember that = t and = 2 x 30/60 = rad/s. The displacement is then Differentiate to get the velocity Differentiate again to get the acceleration. The diagram shows a plot of displacement, velocity and acceleration against angle. It should be noted that none of them are sinusoidal and not harmonic (in particular, the acceleration). Figure 6 The units are all in mm and seconds. The above was done with a computer package. Plotting the above functions over a complete rotation shows that the maximum acceleration occurs at t = 0 ( = 0) and evaluating gives an answer of 700 mm/s 2. D. J. Dunn 5
6 If the radius of the crank is small in comparison to the length of the connecting rod, the motion becomes close to sinusoidal. To illustrate this, here is the plot with the crank radius reduced to 10 mm. The acceleration s now almost sinusoidal. Figure 7 Solving these problems mathematically is difficult so we will now look at a graphical method. 3. VELOCITY DIAGRAMS This section involves the construction of diagrams which needs to be done accurately and to a suitable scale. Students should use a drawing board, ruler, compass, protractor and triangles and possess the necessary drawing skills. ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE VELOCITY An absolute velocity is the velocity of a point measured from a fixed point (normally the ground or anything rigidly attached to the ground and not moving). Relative velocity is the velocity of a point measured relative to another that may itself be moving. TANGENTIAL VELOCITY Consider a link A B pinned at A and revolving about A at angular velocity. Point B moves in a circle relative to point A but its velocity is always tangential and hence at 90 o to the link. A convenient method of denoting this tangential velocity is (v B ) A meaning the velocity of B relative to A. This method is not always suitable. Figure 8 D. J. Dunn 6
7 RADIAL VELOCITY Consider a sliding link C that can slide on link AB. The direction can only be radial relative to point A as shown. If the link AB rotates about A at the same time then link C will have radial and tangential velocities. Figure 9 Note that both the tangential and radial velocities are denoted the same so the tags radial and tangential are added. The sliding link has two relative velocities, the radial and the tangential. They are normal to each other and the true velocity relative to A is the vector sum of both added as shown. Note that lower case letters are used on the vector diagrams. The two vectors are denoted by c 1 and c 2. The velocity of link C relative to point A is the vector a c 2. Figure 10 CRANK, CONNECTING ROD AND PISTON (SLIDER CRANK CHAIN) Consider this mechanism again. Let s freeze the motion (snap shot) at the position shown. The diagram is called a space diagram. Figure 11 D. J. Dunn 7
8 Every point on every link has a velocity through space. First we label the centre of rotation, often this is the letter O. Point A can only move in a tangential direction so the velocity of A relative to O is also its absolute velocity and the vector is normal to the crank and it is designated (v A ) O. (Note the rotation is anticlockwise). Now suppose that you are sat at point A and everything else moves relative to you. Looking towards B, it would appear the B is rotating relative to you (in reality it is you that is rotating) so it has a tangential velocity denoted (V B ) A. The direction is not always obvious except that it is normal to the link. Consider the fixed link OC. Since both points are fixed there is no velocity between them so so (v C ) O = 0 Next consider that you at point C looking at point B. Point B is a sliding link and will move in a straight line in the direction fixed by the slider guides and this is velocity (v B ) C. It follows that the velocity of B seen from O is the same as that seen from C so (v B ) C = (v B ) O The absolute velocity of B is (v B ) C = (v B ) O and this must be the vector sum of (V A ) O and (v B ) A and the three vectors must form a closed triangle as shown. The velocity of the piston must be in the direction in which it slides (conveniently horizontal here). This is a velocity diagram. METHODOLOGY Figure 12 First calculate the tangential velocity (v A ) O from v = x radius = x OA Draw the vector o - a in the correct direction (note lower case letters). We know that the velocity of B relative to A is to be added so the next vector ab starts at point a. At point a draw a line in the direction normal to the connecting rod but of unknown length. We know that the velocity of B relative and absolute to O is horizontal so the vector ob must start at a. Draw a horizontal line (in this case) through o to intersect with the other line. This is point b. The vectors ab and ob may be measured or calculated. Usually it is the velocity of the slider that is required. In a design problem, this velocity would be evaluated for many different positions of the crank shaft and the velocity of the piston determined for each position. Remember that the slider direction is not always horizontal and the direction of o - b must be the direction of sliding. D. J. Dunn 8
9 WORKED EXAMPLE No.2 The mechanism shown has a crank 50 mm radius which rotates at 2000 rev/min. Determine the velocity of the piston for the position shown. Also determine the angular velocity of link AB about A. SOLUTION Figure 13 Note the diagrams are not drawn to scale. The student should do this using a suitable scale for example 1 cm = 1 m/s. This is important so that the direction at 90 o to the link AB can be transferred to the velocity diagram. Angular speed of the crank = 2N/60 = 2 x 2000/60 = rad/s (v A ) O = x radius = x 0.05 = m/s. First draw vector oa. (diagram a) Next add a line in the direction ab (diagram b) Finally add the line in the direction of ob to find point b and measure ob to get the velocity. (diagram C). Figure 14a Figure 14b Figure 14c The velocity of B relative to O is 7 m/s. The tangential velocity of B relative to A is the vector ab and this gives 9.2 m/s. The angular velocity of B about A is found by dividing by the radius (length of AB). for AB is then 9.2/0.09 = rad/s. (note this is relative to A and not an absolute angular velocity) D. J. Dunn 9
10 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.1 Find the velocity of the piston for each case below and the angular velocity of AB about point A. 1. The crank OA rotates anti-clockwise at 3000 rev/min. Answer 34 m/s and rad/s Figure The crank revolves clockwise at 300 rev/min. Note that the vector ob is still horizontal because the piston can only slide horizontally relative to O. Also the rotation of the crank is opposite to the previous cases so the direction of oa is down to the right. Figure 16 Answer 1.11 m/s to the right and 5.55 rad/s 3. The crank O-A rotates at 200 rev/min clockwise. Note the vector ob is at 45 o to the horizontal as the piston must slide in this direction. Answer 0.49 m/s and 6.92 rad/s. Figure 17 D. J. Dunn 10
11 4 BAR CHAIN The input link rotates at a constant angular velocity 1. The relative velocity of each point relative to the other end of the link is shown. Each velocity vector is at right angles to the link. The output angular velocity is 2 and this will not be constant. The points A and D are fixed so they will appear as the same point on the velocity diagram. The methodology is the same as before and best shown with another example. Figure 18 WORKED EXAMPLE No. 3 Find the angular velocity of the output link when the input rotates at a constant speed of 500 rev/min. The diagram is not to scale. Figure 19 D. J. Dunn 11
12 SOLUTION First calculate 1. 1 = 2 x 500/60 = rad/s. Next calculate the velocity of point B relative to A. (V B ) A = 1 x AB = x 1 = m/s. Draw this as a vector to an appropriate scale. Figure 20a Next draw the direction of velocity C relative to B at right angles to the link BC passing through point b on the velocity diagram. Next draw the direction of the velocity of C relative to D at right angles to link DC passing through point a (which is the same as point d). Point c is where the two lines intersect, Figure 20b Figure 20c Determine velocity cd by measurement or any other method. The velocity of point C relative to D and is 43.5 m/s. Convert this into angular velocity by dividing the length of the link DC into it. 2 = 43.5/0.7 = 62 rad/s. D. J. Dunn 12
13 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No. 2 Determine the angular velocity of the link DC for each case shown and the direction of rotation. The diagrams are not to scale and should be constructed first. You are advised to use the best drawing instruments possible for accuracy. 1. The input rotates at 500 rev/min. Link BC is horizontal. (Ans. 76 rad/s clockwise.) Figure The input link AB rotates at 60 rev/min in a clockwise direction. (Ans. 16 rad/s) Figure 22 D. J. Dunn 13
14 4. ACCELERATION DIAGRAMS It is important to determine the acceleration of links because acceleration produces inertia forces in the link which stress the component parts of the mechanism. Accelerations may be relative or absolute in the same way as described for velocity. We shall consider two forms of acceleration, tangential and radial. Centripetal acceleration is an example of radial. CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION A point rotating about a centre at radius R has a tangential velocity v and angular velocity and it is continually accelerating towards the centre even though it never moves any closer. This is centripetal acceleration and it is caused by the constant change in direction. It follows that the end of any rotating link will have a centripetal acceleration towards the opposite end. The relevant equations are: v = R a = 2 R or a = v 2 /R. The construction of the vector for radial acceleration causes confusion so the rules must be strictly followed. Consider the link AB. The velocity of B relative to A is tangential (v B ) A. The centripetal acceleration of B relative to A is in a radial direction so a suitable notation might be a R. It is calculated using a R = x AB or a R = v 2 /AB. Note the direction is towards the centre of rotation but the vector starts at a and ends at b 1. It is very important to get this the right way round otherwise the complete diagram will be wrong. Figure 23 D. J. Dunn 14
15 TANGENTIAL ACCELERATION Tangential acceleration only occurs if the link has an angular acceleration rad/s 2. Consider a link AB with an angular acceleration about A. Figure 24 Point B will have both radial and tangential acceleration relative to point A. The true acceleration of point B relative to A is the vector sum of them. This will require an extra point. We will use b 1 and b on the vector diagram as shown. Point B is accelerating around a circular path and its direction is tangential (at right angles to the link). It is designated a T and calculated using a T = x AB. The vector starts at b 1 and ends at b. The choice of letters and notation are arbitrary but must be logical to aid and relate to the construction of the diagram. Figure 25 D. J. Dunn 15
16 WORKED EXAMPLE No.4 A piston, connecting rod and crank mechanism is shown in the diagram. The crank rotates at a constant velocity of 300 rad/s. Find the acceleration of the piston and the angular acceleration of the link BC. The diagram is not drawn to scale. SOLUTION Figure 26 First calculate the tangential velocity of B relative to A. (v B ) A = x radius = 300 x 0.05 = 15 m/s. Next draw the velocity diagram and determine the velocity of C relative to B. From the velocity diagram (v C ) B = 7.8 m/s Figure 27 Next calculate all accelerations possible and construct the acceleration diagram to find the acceleration of the piston. The tangential acceleration of B relative to A is zero in this case since the link has no angular acceleration ( = 0). The centripetal acceleration of B relative to A a R = 2 x AB = x 0.05 = 4500 m/s 2. The tangential acceleration of C relative to B is unknown. The centripetal acceleration of C to B a R = v 2 /BC = /0.17 = m/s 2. The stage by stage construction of the acceleration diagram is as follows. D. J. Dunn 16
17 First draw the centripetal acceleration of link AB (Fig.a). There is no tangential acceleration so designate it ab. Note the direction is the same as the direction of the link towards the centre of rotation but is starts at a and ends at b. Figure 28a Figure 28b Figure 28c Next add the centripetal acceleration of link BC (Figure b). Since there are two accelerations for point C designate the point c 1. Note the direction is the same as the direction of the link towards the centre of rotation. Next add the tangential acceleration of point C relative to B (Figure c). Designate it c 1 c. Note the direction is at right angles to the previous vector and the length is unknown. Call the line a c line. Next draw the acceleration of the piston (figure d) which is constrained to be in the horizontal direction. This vector starts at a and must intersect the c line. Designate this point c. Figure 28d The acceleration of the piston is vector ac so (a C ) B = 1505 m/s 2. The tangential acceleration of C relative to B is c 1 c = 4000 m/s 2. At the position shown the connecting rod has an angular velocity and acceleration about its end even though the crank moves at constant speed. The angular acceleration of BC is the tangential acceleration divided by the length BC. (BC) = 4000 / 0.17 = rad/s 2. D. J. Dunn 17
18 WORKED EXAMPLE No.5 The diagrams shows a rocking lever mechanism in which steady rotation of the wheel produces an oscillating motion of the lever OA. Both the wheel and the lever are mounted in fixed centres. The wheel rotates clockwise at a uniform angular velocity () of 100 rad/s. For the configuration shown, determine the following. (i) The angular velocity of the link AB and the absolute velocity of point A. (ii) The centrifugal accelerations of BC, AB and OA. (iii) The magnitude and direction of the acceleration of point A. The lengths of the links are as follows. BC = 25 mm AB = 100 mm OA = 50 mm OC = 90 mm SOLUTION Figure 29 The solution is best done graphically. First draw a line diagram of the mechanism to scale. It should look like this. Figure 30 Next calculate the velocity of point B relative to C and construct the velocity diagram. D. J. Dunn 18
19 (v B ) C = x radius = 100 x = 2.5 m/s Figure 31 Scale the following velocities from the diagram. (v A ) O = 1.85 m/s {answer (i)} (v A ) B = 3.75 m/s Angular velocity = tangential velocity/radius For link AB, = 3.75/0.1 = 37.5 rad/s. {answer (i)} Next calculate all the accelerations possible. Radial acceleration of BC = 2 x BC = x = 250 m/s 2. {answer (ii)} Radial acceleration of AB = v 2 /AB = /0.1 = m/ s 2. {answer (ii)} Check same answer from 2 x AB = x 0.1 = m/ s 2. Radial Acceleration of OA is v 2 /OA = /0.05 = m/ s 2. {answer (ii)} Construction of the acceleration diagram gives the result shown. Figure 32 The acceleration of point A is the vector o- a shown as a dotted line. Scaling this we get 560 m/s 2. {answer (iii)} D. J. Dunn 19
20 KLEIN S CONSTRUCTION - FOR A SLIDER CRANK CHAIN This is a simple graphical method for drawing the acceleration diagram. The line diagram for the mechanism is O A B with OA being the crank and AB the connecting rod. Draw a circle centre O radius OA Draw a circle with the centre mid point on AB to pass through point A. Extend AB to pass through the centre line of the first circle to locate point C. Draw a circle centre point A to pass through C. Figure 33 Locate points D and E and connect with a line. The red outline OAFG is the acceleration diagram. OG represents to scale the acceleration of the piston. OA represents the centripetal acceleration of A to O so the scale may be determined. OA = ω 2 x crank radius WORKED EXAMPLE No.6 Solve the problem in example 4 again using Klein s construction. A piston, connecting rod and crank mechanism is shown in the diagram. The crank rotates at a constant velocity of 300 rad/s. Find the acceleration of the piston and the angular acceleration of the link BC. The diagram is not drawn to scale. SOLUTION Figure 34 Figure 35 The result is a rather small diagram but the similarity with figure 28d can be seen and with OA = 4500 mm/s 2 we can scale OG and get 1505 mm/s 2. D. J. Dunn 20
21 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.3 Solve the acceleration of the piston for each case shown. You should draw the space diagram out accurately first. 1. (Ans. 153 m/s) Figure (Ans m/s 2 ) Figure 37 D. J. Dunn 21
22 WORKED EXAMPLE No. 7 Find the angular acceleration of the link CD for the case shown. SOLUTION Figure 38 First calculate or scale the length CB and find it to be 136 mm. Next find the velocities and construct the velocity diagram. Start with link AB as this has a known constant angular velocity. (v B ) A = x radius = 480 x 0.08 = 38.4 m/s Figure 39 Next calculate all the accelerations possible. The centripetal acceleration of B to A is /0.08 = m/s 2 The centripetal acceleration of C to D is 15 2 /0.16 = 1406 m/s 2 The centripetal acceleration of C to B is 31 2 /0.136 = 7066 m/s 2. We cannot calculate any tangential accelerations at this stage. The stage by stage construction of the acceleration diagram follows. D. J. Dunn 22
23 First draw the centripetal acceleration of B to A (Figure a). There is no tangential to add on). Figure 40a Figure 40b Figure 40c Next add the centripetal acceleration of C to B (figure b) Next draw the direction of the tangential acceleration of C to B of unknown length at right angles to the previous vector (figure c). Designate it as a c line. We cannot proceed from this point unless we realise that points a and d are the same (there is no velocity or acceleration of D relative to A). Add the centripetal acceleration of C to D (figure d). This is 1406 m/s 2 in the direction of link CD. Designte it d c 2. Figure 40d Figure 40e Finally draw the tangential acceleration of C to D at right angles to the previous vector to intersect the c line (figure e). From the diagram determine c 2 c to be m/s 2. This is the tangential acceleration of C to D. The angular acceleration of the link DC is then: (CD) = 24000/0.16 = rad/s2 in a clockwise direction. Note that although the link AB rotates at constant speed, the link CD has angular acceleration. D. J. Dunn 23
24 WORKED EXAMPLE No. 8 The same arrangement exists as shown for example 5 except that the link AB is decelerating at 8000 rad/s 2 (i.e. in an anticlockwise direction). Determine the acceleration of the link CD. SOLUTION The problem is essentially the same as example 5 except that a tangential acceleration now exists for point B relative to point A. This is found from a T = x AB = x 0.08 = 6400 m/s 2 T he direction is for an anticlockwise tangent. This is vector b1 b which is at right angles to a b 1 in the appropriate direction. The new acceleration diagram looks like this. Figure 41 Scaling off the tangential acceleration c 2 c we get m/s 2. Converting this into the angular acceleration we get = /0.16 = rad/s 2 in a clockwise direction. D. J. Dunn 24
25 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.4 1. The diagram shows a 4 bar chain. The link AB rotates at a constant speed of 5 rad/s in an anticlockwise direction. For the position shown, determine the angular acceleration of the link DC. Figure 42 (Answer 30 rad/s 2 in an anticlockwise direction) 2. Repeat question 1 but this time the link AB is accelerating at 15 rad/s 2. (Answer 15.3 rad/s 2 in an anticlockwise direction) 3. The diagram shows the instantaneous position of a mechanism in which member OA rotates anticlockwise with an angular velocity of 100 rad/s and angular acceleration of rad/s 2 in the same direction. BD is a continuation of the rigid link AB. The links have the following lengths. OA 30 mm BC 90 mm AD 168 mm AB 1120 mm Determine the linear the following. i. The velocities of points A, B and D (1.5 m/s, 2.6 m/s and 2.7 m/s) ii. The absolute linear accelerations of points A and B ( m/s 2 and 440 m/s 2 ) Figure 43 D. J. Dunn 25
26 5. INERTIA FORCE One of the reasons for finding the acceleration of links is to calculate the inertia force needed to accelerate or decelerate it. This is based on Newton s second law. Force = mass x acceleration F = M a And Torque = moment of inertia x angular acceleration T = I WORKED EXAMPLE No.9 A horizontal single cylinder reciprocating engine has a crank OC of radius 40 mm and a connecting rod PC 140 mm long as shown. The crank rotates at 3000 rev/min clockwise. For the configuration shown, determine the velocity and acceleration of the piston. The sliding piston has a mass of 0.5 kg and a diameter of 80 mm. The gas pressure acting on it is 1.2 MPa at the moment shown. Calculate the effective turning moment acting on the crank. Assume that the connecting rod and crank has negligible inertia and friction. SOLUTION Figure 44 Draw the space diagram to scale. Figure 42 The moment arm should be scaled and found to be 34 mm (measured at right angles to the connecting rod PC. Calculate the velocity of C relative to O. = 2N/60 = 2 x 3000/60 = rad/s (v C ) O = x radius = x 0.04 = m/s D. J. Dunn 26
27 Draw the velocity diagram. Figure 45 From the velocity diagram we find the velocity of the piston is 11 m/s. Next calculate all the accelerations possible. Point C only has a radial acceleration towards O Radial acceleration of C is v 2 /radius = /0.04 = m/s 2 Point P has radial and tangential acceleration relative to C. Tangential acceleration is unknown. Radial acceleration = (v P ) C 2 /CP = 9 2 /0.14 = m/s 2 Now draw the acceleration diagram and it comes out like this. The acceleration of the piston is 770 m/s 2. Now we can solve the forces. Figure 46 Pressure force = p x area = 1.2 x 10 6 x x /4 = 6032 N and this acts left to right. Inertia force acting on the piston = M a = 0.5 x 770 = 385 N and this must be provided by the pressure force so the difference is the force exerted on the connecting rod. Net Force = = 5647 N. D. J. Dunn 27
28 The connecting rod makes an angle of 11 o to the line of the force (angle scaled from space diagram). This must be resolved to find the force acting along the line of the connecting rod. Figure 47 The force in the connecting rod is 5637 cos 11 o = 5543 N. This acts at a radius of 34 mm from the centre of the crank so the torque provided by the crank is T = 5545 x = N m. SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.5 1. The piston in the mechanism shown has a mass of 0.8 kg. Determine its acceleration and the inertia force needed for the position shown. Figure 48 (Ans m/s 2 and 3200 N) D. J. Dunn 28
29 6. CORIOLIS ACCELERATION Consider a link rotating at rad/s and accelerating at rad/s 2. On the link is a sliding element moving away from the centre of rotation at velocity v R = dr/dt (positive if getting larger) The link has a tangential velocity v T = R The component of this velocity in the x direction is v T sin = v T sin R The velocity v R also has a component in the x direction And this is v R cos The total velocity in the x direction of the sliding link is v x = -v T sin + v R cos v x = -(dr/dt) cos t + R sin t The acceleration in the x direction is a x Figure 49 2 dv d R dr 2 dt 2 dt dt x a x = - cosω t ω sin(ω t) ω R cosω t ω sinω t R sinω t 2 d R dr 2 2 dt dt dω dt dr dt a x = cosω t 2 ω sinω t Rω cosω t R sinω t 2 d 2 R dr a x = cos θ 2 ω sin θ R ω 2 dt dt When = 90 o dr a x = a T = 2 ω α R dt a T = 2 ω vr α R cosθ α R sin θ The tangential acceleration is not simply R as is the case for a constant radius but an extra term of 2vR is added and this term is called the Coriolis acceleration and must be taken into consideration when solving problems with changing radius. dω dt D. J. Dunn 29
30 WORKED EXAMPLE No.10 Figure 50 The diagram shows part of a quick return mechanism. The pin A slides in the slot when the disc is rotated. Calculate the angular velocity and acceleration of link BC when = 60 o and = 100 rad/s. SOLUTION The tangential velocity of A relative to O is R = 100 x 0.04 = 4 m/s. The velocity diagram is constructed as shown. Figure 51 The tangential velocity of pin A relative to B is (V A1 ) B = a a 1 = 4 cos (38.95 o ) = 3.11 m/s The radial velocity of A relative to B is (V A ) B = 4 sin(38.95 o ) = m/s The length of BA is easily calculated from the diagram. Figure 52 BA = ( ) = mm The angular velocity link BC = 3.11/BA = 32.2 rad/s D. J. Dunn 30
31 ANALYTICAL METHOD The angle of link BC is 1 40sin θ 1 sin θ α tan tan cos θ 7/4 cos θ The angular velocity is d/dt and the tools for doing the differentiation are given in the question as follows. sin θ dx 1 7/4cos θ Let x 7/4 cos θ dθ 7/4 cos θ 2 1 dα 1 1 α tan x 2 2 dx 1 x sin θ 1 7/4 cos θ dα dx dα 1 1 7/4cos θ x x dθ dθ sin θ 2 7/4 cos θ put = 60 dx o and evaluate 2 1 7/4 cos θ dα x = 0.32 This is the ratio of the changes in angles. dθ d/dt = =100 rad/s The angular velocity of link BC is dα/dt dα dθ dα dα x x ω = 0.32 x 100 = 32 rad/s which is close to the answer found before. dθ dt dθ dt Next construct the acceleration diagram. Figure 51 Link O A only has centripetal acceleration inwards (a A ) O = 2 R = x 0.04 = 400 m/s 2 The pin A has a tangential acceleration and Coriolis acceleration normal to the link. It has centripetal acceleration and radial acceleration towards the centre of rotation. B. The diagram can be constructed without calculating them. The Coriolis acceleration is 2 v where = 32.2 and v is the radial velocity = m/s The Coriolis term is hence 2 v = 2 x 32.2 x = m/s 2 The tangential acceleration of A relative to B is a 1 a = 400 sin = m/s 2 Part of this is the Coriolis so the tangential acceleration is = m/s 2 The angular acceleration of link AC is = /BA = 89.49/ = 928 rad/s 2 The direction is negative (clockwise) so it is decelerating. D. J. Dunn 31
32 SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.6 A link OA is 80 mm long and rotates at a constant speed of 50 rad/s. A sliding link attached to it slides on link BC and makes BC rotate about B as shown. Calculate the angular velocity and acceleration of BC when angle = 70 o. (22.8 rad/s and rad/s 2 ) Figure 52 D. J. Dunn 32
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Sanford in Seminole County, Florida — The American South (South Atlantic)
The Bishop Block
Erected - 1887
—301-309 East First Street —
The building is two story, brick construction with a rectangular floor plan. The style is Romanesque Revival featuring a flat roof with parapet, a street level marquee, a metal cornice, modillion and pilaster capitals and brick fretwork. The windows are divided by Romanesque-style pilasters. There is a low broad Romanesque arch at the main entrance.
The exterior is essentially the same as when it was constructed. Only a small decorative cone-shaped tower roof has been removed and the marquee has been changed.
Erected 1989 by the Sanford Historic Preservation Board.
Marker series. This marker is included in the Florida, Sanford Historic Preservation Board marker series.
Location. 28° 48.698′ N, 81° 15.94′ W. Marker is in Sanford, Florida Touch for map. The marker is mounted on the building, facing the sidewalk. Marker is at or near this postal address: 305 East First Street, Sanford FL 32771, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. The E. E. Brady Livery Stable (within shouting distance of this marker); The Whalers Saloon (within shouting distance of this marker); The U.S. Post Office (within shouting distance of this marker); The Peoples Bank Building and Block (about 300 feet away, measured in a direct line); The Meisch Building (about 300 feet away); The Sanford Herald Building (about 400 feet away); The Imperial Opera House (about 500 feet away); The Hill Hardware Building (about 500 feet away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Sanford.
Regarding The Bishop Block. The Bishop Block is not listed individually with the National Register of Historic Places. In the NRHP listing cited by the marker, the building is designated one of several Contributing Structures within the Sanford Commercial District, a National Historic District.
Categories. • Industry & Commerce • Notable Buildings •
Credits. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. This page originally submitted on March 4, 2012, by Glenn Sheffield of Tampa, Florida. This page has been viewed 402 times since then and 28 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4. submitted on March 4, 2012, by Glenn Sheffield of Tampa, Florida. • Craig Swain was the editor who published this page.


text:
Press Releases
Saturday, 7/2/2016
The Awards 2016
- ARRI/Osram Award for "The Salesman" by Asghar Farhadi
- CineVision Award for "Divines" by Houda Benyamina
- FIPRESCI Prize for "Dinky Sinky" by Mareille Klein
- Audience Awards for "The Three of Us" and "At Eye Level"
Friday, 7/1/2016
German Cinema New Talent Award: Double Honors for "Hands of a Mother"
- Best Director and Best Actor go to "Hands of a Mother"
- "House without Roof" voted Best Production, "Dinky Sinky" wins Best Screenplay
Tuesday, 6/14/2016
TV Series Go to the Movies
- For the fourth year in a row, Filmfest München presents German and international TV series on the big screen
- New German Series with three world premieres and a web series season premiere
- Sky presents five top U.S. and Scandi series in the Sky Series Spotlight
Friday, 6/10/2016
Pushing the Envelope: The International Awards at Munich
24 films are competing in the CineMasters and CineVision sidebars at the 34th FILMFEST MÜNCHEN (June 23 to July 2, 2016)
Wednesday, 6/8/2016
Candidates for the New German Cinema New Talent Award
Celeb jury will vote on the best achievements in the New German Cinema sidebar at the 34th FILMFEST MÜNCHEN (June 23 to July 2, 2016)
Monday, 6/6/2016
Full of Passion! - The 2016 Program
The 34th FILMFEST MÜNCHEN (June 23 – July 2, 2016) presents 207 premieres from 62 countries, full of romance, conflict, murder and music
Wednesday, 6/1/2016
Loaded with Emotion: New German Cinema
- The 34th FILMFEST MÜNCHEN (June 23 - July 2, 2016) shows the best that German cinema has to offer
- Sixteen films and three documentaries will have their world premier as part of the line up of the section New German Cinema
- Director Maren Ade's film "Toni Erdmann" and short films by director AKIZ will be presented in special screenings
Tuesday, 5/31/2016
FILMFEST MÜNCHEN to open with "Toni Erdmann"
Director Maren Ade and stars Sandra Hüller and Peter Simonischek to present Cannes favorite in person
Monday, 5/30/2016
CineMerit Award for Ellen Burstyn
- Cinematic achievement award goes to the Oscar-winning actress at FILMFEST MÜNCHEN 2016
- Burstyn will present two new episodes of Hit Netflix series "House of Cards", Todd Solondz' "Wiener-Dog", and five of her greatest films
Wednesday, 5/25/2016
What's new at FILMFEST MÜNCHEN?
- Away Days at Munich Airport
- Expanded Digital Services: App & Archive
- Film Program for Teens


text:
High Spots
Over seventy pages of DIABOLICAL card magic. This is a collection of eleven carefully constructed, practical routines ranging from completely self-working to intermediate level. There are no pipedreams here; every routine is a worker straight out of Caleb's professional repertoire.
Over seventy pages of DIABOLICAL card magic. This is a collection of eleven carefully constructed, practical routines ranging from completely self-working to intermediate level. There are no pipedreams here; every routine is a worker straight out of Caleb's professional repertoire.
"Caleb Wiles is the real deal. His methods are devious, his presentations are clever and fun, and he's got loads of natural ability. Add to that solid magical thinking and you'll know why I've been recommending High Spots to all my friends." – David Williamson
"High Spots is chock full of fun and commercial stuff. Any table hopper that doesn't have your book is crazy." – Jack Carpenter
"High Spots is a refreshing book on card magic everyone should have." – Bill Malone
Here's what's included:
- Offbeat Aces– An easy but visual production of the four Aces from between three Jokers.
- ReSwindled– Even Paul Harris says that this is the best version of Re-set EVER!
- 26!– A spectator is subliminally influenced to shuffle one half of the deck to match the order of the other half. No deck switches!
- Word Perfect: A practical, stand-up version of Paul Harris's Deep Astonishment that you will use to fool audiences everywhere.
- Blackjack Be Quick– A spectator shuffles a deck and you instantly locate a winning blackjack hand, even under test conditions.
- Crystal Cut– A versatile false cut and control that will infiltrate your repertoire. Say goodbye to the double undercut!
- Little Fella Grows Up– A false dealing demonstration that does not require any false deals. Your audience will give you much more credit than you deserve!
- iDeck– A geeky but fooling card trick with a topical presentation.
- Replicator– A topical presentation for Hamman's Signed Card plot with a kicker ending that absolutely KILLS laymen!
- Here-a-Move, There-a-Move, Everywhere-a-Move Move– A finger-flinging, eye-popper using four ungaffed Aces.
- Semi-Automatic Luck Test– A participant deals and cuts to the four Kings and Aces in this self-working stunner.
- Make-A-Wish– A practical, birthday-themed card effect that is easy enough for the relative beginner but strong enough for the working pro.
What others are saying:
"Caleb's ReSwindled is my new favorite handling of Re-set!" – Paul Harris
"High Spots exemplifies Caleb's brilliant thinking with card magic. It contains real world effects that are incredibly strong and fun to perform. Several of these effects are now in my repertoire." – John Guastaferro
"I think High Spots is the best $20 I have spent on magic in years." – Michael Dustman
"High Spots, the debut book of card magic from Caleb Wiles, is not only a bargain at $20 in today's inflated market, but is a bargain in the sense that it contains card magic you are going to look forward to showing your audiences." – Steve Bryant
"For the insane price of $20.00 you are getting solid material from a true working pro." – Luke Dancy
"The magic of Caleb Wiles is both strong and refreshingly novel. His new book is a must have for card enthusiasts." – Mike Powers
"I can say that without a doubt, Caleb Wiles' new card book High Spots, published by Vanishing Inc., is a must buy. I haven't been this impressed by a new book in a very long time." – Richard Hart
"There is something here for everyone: a mental effect, a stand up effect, several 'gambling' routines, an effect that can be done for kids, a sleight-less card effect, routines where one effect happens, routines where tons of magic happens, and everything in between. It's a card magician's dream!! If you like high quality card magic, or just high quality magic in general, this is the book to get." –Joe Diamond
"Caleb Wiles completely short-circuited my brain with his effect, "26!" I was toast! Nowhere to run. Nowhere to hide! Put me down for two, Caleb!" – Thom Peterson
"I'm a High Spots fan!" – Ray Kosby
"High Spots gets an A!" – Jason England
"High Spots is a MUST HAVE for anyone who wants to know what's going on in the world of good card magic today." – Ben Train
Check out what Craig Petty and David Penn have to say about High Spots on the Wizard Product review.


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Durant not feeling pressure of NBA Finals expectationsClose Modal Window Hang on for a minute.we're trying to find some more stories you might like. "But I'm not a complacent person. Even the team that eventually loses. "That's just the nature of any competitor", said Warriors forward Draymond Green .
Philippine airstrike kills 11 soldiers in 'friendly fire'Twenty-one members of the security forces had also died, Padilla said, bringing the combined death toll to 129. Eduardo Ano ordered an investigation.
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Catfish watch is on for Game 2 of Cup FinalThe Penguins jumped out to an early lead with their assistant captain Evgeni Malkin tallying the first goal of the game. Just not in the stretch of 3 1/2 minutes that mattered during their 4-1 win in Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Final.
White House communications director Mike Dubke resignsDubke was not part of the team that traveled overseas with President Donald Trump , and as of Tuesday is still on the job. The idea that Trump suddenly cares about making "people feel special" also seemingly came out of nowhere, she wrote.
AMD releases 'Radeon Pro 500' Series graphics for iMacThe iMac now comes with Thunderbolt 3 ports, and the entry-level 21.5-inch model now has a Retina 4K display. The iMac Pro will be available with an 8-core, 10-core or 16-core processor and Radeon Vega graphics.
Nebraska Girl Banned From Soccer Tournament Because She "Looks Like A Boy"Mili's family claims they went so far as to show her insurance card to tournament organizers - proving Mili is indeed a girl. Reports emerged on Monday that an 8-year-old girl in Nebraska was caught in the crossfire at a local youth tournament.
Turkey terms US arming of Syrian Kurds 'extremely dangerous'The Pentagon sees them as the most disciplined and organised of the anti-IS groups, says the BBC's Gary O'Donoghue in Washington. USA officials have also indicated they will boost intelligence cooperation with Turkey to support its fight against the PKK.
Venezuelan opposition threatens country won't pay Goldman Sachs' $2.8 billion bond dealProtests against President Nicolas Maduro's government have left dozens dead in the last two months. Beke's family tragedy is a part of Venezuela's spiraling humanitarian crisis.
Phil Mickelson to miss US Open to attend daughter's graduationPhil Mickelson has announced that he will miss this year's US Open to attend his daughter's High School graduation. However, the American said he would have left wherever he was on the scoreboard had his wife Amy gone into labour.
Kirsten Dunst slams Spider-Man rebootIn this new clip, Peter Parker has yet to acquire his main Spider-Man suit as he is forced to fight in his budget homemade suit. Are the Tobey Maguire Spider-Man films the best? That led to a rather unfortunate incident where, 'I got punched in the face.


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"I have already written about Meta Tags which gives a clear concept of what are met tags and how can they help in Search Engine Optimization. A blogger contacted me asking how to add meta tags like meta keywords, description etc. to a blogger.com(blogspot) blog. Then I repented that I did not mention about adding meta tags in that post. However, in this post I will tell you step by step procedure of adding meta tags to a blogger.com/blogspot blog."
Read the complete post
Source: Tech Ravings


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EDGEWATER PARK � The public is invited to a free community gathering from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Saturday sponsored by a Cooper Street barber.
The New Era men's grooming salon is hosting a daylong event featuring breakfast by Chick-fil-A, an afternoon barbecue, giveaways from area businesses, and musical entertainment by Derek �Pooch Man� Frith, a Philadelphia radio personality and Willingboro native.
Donations will be accepted to help out the youth summer program at the Emmanuel Temple Pentecostal Church in Beverly.
For more information, call 609-871-5555.


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The Kellys, it was said, were being dominated by a few large-budget, long-running campaigns from a short list of agencies. Nike campaigns from Wieden & Kennedy had won the $100,000 top prize for 1989, '91 and '92; Absolut vodka ads from TBWA had won for '88 and '90.
So MPA changed the rules. No longer could the same campaign repeat as a Kelly Award winner; even with a new campaign, a Kelly-winning advertiser would have to sit out a year before its ads could win again. Judges also were encouraged to seek out finalists from smaller shops, to look for "edgier" ads for smaller brands to get away from "classic" print ads and reward venturesome work.
Since then, Kelly Award-winning campaigns have featured different advertisers (Schwinn, Norwegian Cruise Line and Porsche Cars) and the finalists have included new agency names (the Bomb Factory, Citron Haligman Bedecarre, Lambesis). But the "sameness" problem is stubborn, it seems.
The last two winners were from the same agency: Goodby, Silverstein & Partners. The 25-strong finalist lists in 1995, '96 and this year were stocked with many of the same agencies, brands and, yes, campaigns as previous years. Leo Burnett USA for its Dewar's scotch campaign, for example, has been a finalist each of the last three years. So have Wieden & Kennedy for Nike and Grace & Rothschild for Land Rover. Five agencies-Wieden, Goodby, BBDO West, Carmichael Lynch and Fallon McElligott-account for 13 of this year's 25 finalist campaigns. As in past years, conspicuous by their absence are larger, New York-based agencies, many of which unfortunately still seem to value their TV reels significantly more than their print portfolios.
There are, again, some smaller advertisers/smaller shops represented, for edgier, less-classic print advertising: Taylor guitars from Vitro Robertson, San Diego, as an example. But, for some reason, it seems the "edge" in the Kelly Awards lies elsewhere, with those repeating year after year after year.
Television's rites of spring, the May sweeps and its orgy of contests, promotions and programming stunts, are finally behind us. And now there's hope that local TV stations may be willing to end the sweeps carnivals altogether to give their advertisers something better.
The Television Bureau of Advertising, which speaks for most local TV stations, is forming a committee to work with Nielsen Media Research to bring continuous audience measurement to local TV. That's a big step forward, and one that TV ad buyers should praise even if there are many contentious issues to resolve before a new local audience measurement system can be put in place.
TVB Chairman Andrew Fisher cites "tremendous momentum to move on this issue." We hope Mr. Fisher, a senior executive of Cox Broadcasting and chairman of the ABC affiliate board, is correct.
With every passing sweeps month, more and more TV stations feel compelled to embrace the type of stunts that make a mockery of the present sweeps system. There's no easy way to stop it from growing worse; the are beyond that sort of repair. It's time to get something better and Chairman Fisher should lead the way.


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Product 9/21
Welly Boots By Hunter
A re-work of the iconic Original Tall boot, the Original Block Chelsea Boot is a modern classic and features black elastic gusset detail and black mono upper and sole made from natural rubber. This style also features a 7cm solid block wedge heel as well as a padded collar for premium comfort. It's lighter weight means that it's perfect for throwing into your holdall whilst travelling, or tucking under your desk in case of rainy days.


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Dentist Near Me in Thousand Oaks, CA
Finding a local dentist can be time-consuming and difficult. At Hart Cosmetic & Implant Dentistry, we understand that high quality dental care is essential for you and your entire family. IF you're looking for a dentist near you, please fill out our online contact form or call us today at (805) 230-0159!
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Delve's Records Stolen!
This story made us straight sick to our stomachs.
Please help our homie Delve recover his stolen records! The fact that this is coming from a DJ who has resisted Serato for so long makes the loss even harder to take.
At the end of the day I hope people know that it's not about material possessions. It's about the time and effort (years) it takes to procure the perfect selection. It's about the places far and wide that these records have traveled with you, the memories they've made, the many late nights and hilarious stories they've provided the soundtrack for.
You can contact Chris directly here.
Last night, 8/14, three of bags of records that I use to spin out with every week were taken from my house in Kaimuki between the hours of 330P-1030P. 2 of the bags were bigger travel bags that hold like 100-150 records and the other bag was a Stussy desert camo backpack that held like 60-75 records. A lot of the records were marked on the upper right hand corner with a white label with my handwriting.
Please keep your eye out if you're at Jellys, Stylus, etc. I've already contacted those spots to be on the lookout but I've pretty much chalked it up as an L. I would like to thank everyone who has hit me with messages of support, which really helps. Thanks so much, fam! But yeah, getting anything stolen from your home is such a feeling of violation and helplessness. What gets me personally is that I've spent years upon years of searching for alot of what was taken and its not like I can readily go and re-download everything. The point being that having this happen really hurts because I've invested so much time and effort into building this collection of music, which really all I want to do with is share it with others.
I understand that its just material things and that I have a million other records, but there is still a piece of me that is missing, and that just adds to my frustration.
I would also like to take the time out to thank my dudes Durtie Rice and DJ XL for readily offering up whatever records they could to help, and an extra sincere mahalo to Jimmy Taco who let me come by his studio and let me take a stack of vinyl. That gesture almost brought me to tears-I ain't gonna lie. That is one of the most genuine things anyone has ever done for me-especially when I was feeling so down and out. Real talk.
So please be safe when you leave and come home and if anyone sees/hears anything, please hit me up 24/7. I appreciate everyone's help and support. That really means so much to me.
chris / delve1 (architechs/ANK)


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26 TV Shows That Ended In 2016 & Will Be Missed For Seasons To Come
Last year had some major series finales, from Mad Men to Parks and Recreation as well as Glee and Parenthood. This year did not have as many big goodbyes, but there were plenty of television shows that ended in 2016 that will be missed in the months to come. It's not easy to satisfy fans in a series finale, and a lot of shows this year were canceled without warning.
Some new shows didn't make it, like Muppets, Uncle Buck, and Roadies. Other shows have already been canceled, but were spared by the cruel hand of 2016. Switched at Birth will air its final episodes in early January. Girls is gearing up for its final season as well.
There are even a few shows that ended this year, like The League and Mike and Molly, that fans thought were over in 2015 but got one final reprieve. Heck, America's Next Top Model didn't stay canceled for long either. With network hopping and streaming services, it's hard to tell when any show is truly over. However, here is one final farewell to the shows we lost in 2016. May they live on in Netflix marathons, reruns, and possible spinoffs forever and always.
1'American Idol'
The show that brought us Kelly Clarkson and countless other stars ended in April.
2'Marco Polo'
In a rare move from the streaming series, Netflix cancelled the historical drama.
3'Agent Carter'
At least, Agent Carter is canceled for now. Fingers crossed that an event series or a TV movie ends up on ABC or Netflix some time in the future.
After eight seasons, the procedural and roller coaster of 'shipping emotions came to a close.
5'House of Lies'
This star-studded comedy ran for five seasons, and ended in June.
6'The Mysteries of Laura'
The NBC comedy was renewed for a second season, but canceled soon after.
7'The Nightly Show With Larry Wilmore'
The late night show, which replaced The Colbert Report and tried a new panel format, was unfortunately canceled by Comedy Central.
8'Devious Maids'
The Lifetime drama, which starred Ana Ortiz and Dania Ramirez, aired its final episode in August.
While many of its stars have been scooped up by other projects, and Crazy Ex-Girlfriend will satisfy my song and dance needs, I'll miss this silly meta musical quite a bit.
The MTV series, which ended in May, has been on since 2011.
11'Beauty and the Beast'
Who doesn't love fairy tales with a mix of science fiction and police procedural drama? This series, which combined all of the above, ended in June.
12'The Melissa Harris-Perry Show'
The MSNBC weekend morning show came to an abrupt end in February.
13'CSI: Crime Scene Investigation'
Well, sort of. The flagship series ended in 2015, and the franchise ended when CSI: Cyber was canceled this year. With Law & Order, and E.R. already over, it seems fitting that CSI would go next.
14'The League'
Sorry sports fans, The League is over after seven whole seasons.
15'Penny Dreadful'
While the end may have come as a surprise to fans, it was the plan all along.
While Season 2 of the HBO series ended in 2015, the movie was the final farewell.
17'Mike and Molly'
The sitcom came to an official end in May.
18'Downton Abbey'
The "final season" of Downton was heavily publicized, but got us ready to say goodbye.
I ain't afraid of no myths.
20'Person of Interest'
CBS's mystery ended after five seasons and left a lot of questions.
21'Rizzoli & Isles'
There aren't a lot of female partnerships on television. This show was truly something special.
22'The Good Wife'
Sure, the spinoff is coming in 2017, but the Julianna Margulies of it all is over.
In April, the Canadian werewolf drama took its last bite.
Two seasons were not enough for the underrated HBO family drama.
25'Masters of Sex'
In another surprise move, Masters of Sex was canceled after its last season.
26'Faking It'
Finally, MTV's other long-running drama took its final bow in May. Hopefully, 2017 won't be quite as cruel with the final seasons and cancellations — or at least, if they are, that the next year's batch of series finales are touching and full of closure.


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Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge, popular name in World War II for the German counterattack in the Ardennes, Dec., 1944–Jan., 1945. It is also known as the Battle of the Ardennes. On Dec. 16, 1944, a strong German force, commanded by Marshal von Rundstedt, broke the thinly held American front in the Belgian Ardennes sector. Taking advantage of the foggy weather and of the total surprise of the Allies, the Germans penetrated deep into Belgium, creating a dent, or
bulge,in the Allied lines and threatening to break through to the N Belgian plain and seize Antwerp. An American force held out at Bastogne, even though surrounded and outnumbered. The U.S. 1st and 9th armies, temporarily under Field Marshal Montgomery, attacked the German salient from the north, while the U.S. 3d Army attacked it from the south. Improved flying weather (after Dec. 24) facilitated Allied counterattacks. By Jan. 16, 1945, the German forces were destroyed or routed, but not without some 77,000 Allied casualties.
See C. B. MacDonald, A Time for Trumpets (1984) J. S. D. Eisenhower, The Bitter Woods (1969, repr. 1995).
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Wars and Battles
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Wineries in Chardonnay Wineries in Shoreham
Pier 10 Restaurant and Cellar Door
in Pinot Noir Wineries, Pinot Gris Wineries, Pinot Grigio Wineries, Chardonnay Wineries
This dynamic trio are providing their significant experience and skills in the relaxed Pier 10 setting. The result is first class food, served swiftly and effortlessly, all in the beautiful surrounds of Melbourne's sleepy Red Hill district.
10 Shoreham Road,
Shoreham , Victoria 3916
Review This Winery
Ocean Eight Winery
in Sauvignon / Fume Blanc Wineries, Grenache / Garnacha Wineries, Chardonnay Wineries, Cabernet Sauvignon Wineries
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271 Tucks Road
Shoreham , Victoria 3916
Review This Winery
++++++61 3 5989 6


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Wednesday, November 07, 2007
Blackcurrant boogie
I have a couple of blackcurrant bushes in my back garden which have been here since I got here (about 7 years now) but have always been in the wrong place - a bit too shady and too crowded, being in the corner between the fence and the greenhouse. Now at last I've got space (and time) to get them onto a far nicer spot on the allotment.
I'm putting them into 1mx1m raised beds - partly because I can't really be bothered to double-dig anything bigger than they actually need, partly because I got given a Link-a-bord raised bed to trial, so I thought this would be a good way to test it out (it's the green one in the front in the picture). So far the verdict is: really easy to install, but a bit on the flimsy side - I had a job to get it level as it doesn't have enough weight to sit steadily on the ground by itself so it moves around all over the place. and for the same reason I'm also a bit sceptical as to how efficiently it'll stay in place (the pegs used on each corner to anchor it keep rising up).
Anyway - so I've dug the space out to a spade's depth, loosened the bottom with a fork, and then filled in with 2 barrows of stable manure and 2 barrows of the compost from my allotment compost bins. Mixed it up thoroughly, put in the edging for the raised beds (the other one's more straightforwardly made of gravel boards) and then replaced the topsoil. It looks dead smart - next step is to hoick out the blackcurrants and shift them over.
Posted by The Constant Gardener at 1:57 AM
Labels: blackcurrants, double-digging, Link-a-bord, raised beds
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Download ABWelcome
Please wait... contacting AB Labs download site.
If your ABWelcome 0.1.0 download does not start, choose a mirror below:
Destination ABWelcome 0.1.0 file extension : [exe]
Detected file type : DOS or Windows executable program or self-extracting archive
All rights for ABWelcome are belong to the developer, AB Labs. Please be aware that we do NOT provide ABWelcome 0.1.0 keygens, cracks, serials, warez torrents or any form of pirated software downloads.


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Find Us
|Directions to Classical MileEnd Alpacas from the M5.
PLEASE NOTE: Some SatNavs get it wrong! Access to Vulscombe Lane directly from the B3137 is not the route to get to us. Continue further on the B3137 and take the next left turn into Cruwys Morchard Mill Lane, signed to Cadeleigh, then follow the directions below.
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Access for cars- (Towed trailers should proceed by the trailer route below unless very experienced)
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These are the essentials of this 8 1/2 month pregnant woman.
My Camelbak water bottle because I can currently out-drink a camel.
Since I can out-drink a camel, I need access to a (clean) bathroom 24/7.
Gummi candies or candy of any kind.
A husband to paint my toe nails.
A nap. OK honestly like 2 naps a day.
Hydrocortisone cream and lotion for my itchy skin.


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February 18, 2015
The Land of Childhood
There is a quote from Sara Lidman, the author (also from Skellefteå): "Det finns en närvaro, en kännedom från födelseorten, så oförneklig som den egna huden." (= There is a presence, a familiarity with the birthplace, as undeniable as one´s own skin.) This collection certainly has a strong taste of personal experience, but at the same time, anyone who grew up in a snowy landscape will know it, as Lidman says, in their own skin. The boots, the jacket, the mittens, which Söder has rendered in glass mosaic. It brings that Chinese princess burial suit to mind, if you remember.
graal or something to the antiques roadshow and it is appraised to thousands and thousands, I can hardly watch as they pick it up - I keep seeing it on the floor, smashed to pieces; a nervous tic, that. Söder´s glass seems a lot more sturdy, for some reason, perhaps it´s the unusual shapes. Here, for example, she has made four pairs of skis from painted and printed glass. If you want a pair on your wall it will cost you 16.000 SEK (in the neighbourhood of 2000 USD or 1700 euro).
I have come back a few times to these objects, which are, to my mind, the most interesting ones on display right now. Perhaps it is that combination of memories, the fragility of the glass, and the burial associations of the mosaics. Memories can be both defining and elusive, and in later years I have returned to this over and over again, for different reasons. I have become more and more convinced of the necessity to forgive, forget and move on, and I see people having trouble with that, not least because of social media, which is a great tool, but which can also be one hell of a shackle.
You can read more about the artist (in Swedish and English) here.
2 comments:
I know exactly how you feel about the Antiques Roadshow. I'd probably break my item getting it home after having it appraised. It makes me nervous watching them tip items over so we can see the bottoms.ReplyDelete
I love the colors in this artist's work.Replies
I still haven´t tired of seeing people´s reactions to having their things appraised - last week there was a woman who started giggling and finally almost fell to the floor laughing, you know, a real belly laugh. The expert got quite out of balance. Greatly entertaining! :-DDelete
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Fable 3 - Yenra Picture Wiki
From Yenra Picture Wiki
Fable III is the third video game in the Fable series of action role-playing open world video games.
Woman mercenary from Fable 3
The game was published by Microsoft Game Studios and developed by Lionhead Studios for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows. The story focuses on the player character's struggle to overthrow the King of Albion by forming alliances and building support for a revolution. After a successful revolt, the player becomes the monarch and is tasked with attempting to defend Albion from a great evil. The game was released on 29 October 2010 for Xbox 360 and on 20 May 2011 for PC via both Games for Windows and Steam.


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LESS processed ingredients and MORE real food. LESS waste and MORE sustainable practices. LESS dieting and MORE mindfulness. LESS busyness and MORE living.
I grew up on a small farm in rural Tennessee-where entertainment was provided by nature, food was fresh from the garden and the small things in life became the big things. I learned to never settle, to dream big and to always choose adventure rather than play it safe. At the age of 27 (the age I thought I'd have it together, but instead experienced a quarter-life crisis) I quit my job as a foodservice dietitian, traveled across Europe, broke up with a boyfriend and moved back to Nashville to start from square one. I truly learned early on what it means to LIVE purposefully, LIVE passionately and most importantly-LIVE free.
Today, I coordinate wellness programs for employer groups around the state, helping companies and communities create a culture of health. Outside of work, you can find me hiking, eating good food, traveling or thrifting my way through Nashville. I'm on a journey to protect the environment, practice sustainability and encourage others to consume responsibly. My goal here is to inspire YOU to live MORE, do MORE and hopefully find your own version of Minimalism. You can expect:
REAL FOOD RECIPES, with a few splurges (of course)
SUSTAINABILITY TIPS to decrease waste
BUDGET FRIENDLY IDEAS to reduce overconsumption
DECLUTTERING SUGGESTIONS to unlock full physical and mental potential
For collaborations, please email me at email@example.com
So, what the heck is Minimalism:
There is a movement happening-a freedom from consumerism and materialism; living with less in order to lead a more fulfilling and purposeful life. I'm only now understanding this innate desire to be even more intentional as I'm delving more deeply into a way of life so many are already living-Minimalism. There is no one-size-fits-all definition for Minimalism. It might be a month of forgoing a morning latte or social media for some or it could be selling all possessions to travel the world and chase a dream for others. I'm probably somewhere in the middle of that spectrum.


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Primary Youth Speaks 2016
Primary Youth Speaks Competition kindly hosted by Westfield School, Cottingham
Cottingham Primary Schools
Rotary Youth Speaks Competition 14th June 2016
In its fifth year this Public Speaking Competition for Primary School children was held on June 14th at Westfield School. It was organised by the Rotary Club of Holderness, which has several members living in the Cottingham area. There were twelve speakers in all, representing Croxby, Skidby, Bacon Garth, Little Weighton and Westfield Schools, and Dunswell Academy. Each speaker had between 3 and 4 minutes to present the topic of their choice to a large audience of parents, teachers and Rotarians, and the three judges chaired by Rotarian Mary Wallace.
The winner was Ryan Wilson from Bacon Garth who gave an entertaining talk on 'How can we tackle the problem of litter'. The runner-up , Emma Smith, was also from Bacon Garth. She addressed the question 'Should we celebrate St George's Day? Abbie Watson from Dunswell was third, with an imaginative talk on 'Growing up'. Vouchers and certificates were presented by Dave Sewell, President of the Rotary Club of Holderness.The winning school also received a trophy and £100.
Peter Bonavia from the Rotary Club praised the courage of all the speakers for standing in front of the large audience of parents, relatives, friends and teachers. He said all the competitors were 'winners' for just taking part, and he hoped that the experience would encourage them to get involved in similar events when they move to Secondary School.
This was one of several events organised locally for young people by Rotary, including Young Writer, Young Artist and Youth Speaks for Secondary Schools in Hull and East Riding. The Rotary Club congratulates all those who took part, and thanks Sam Hickey, Head Teacher at Westfield School for hosting the event.
More information on Rotary, or youth competitions, contact Peter Bonavia on 01482 840191.