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Enabling Technologies for Distributed and Cloud Computing
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1 Enabling Technologies for Distributed and Cloud Computing Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D FIS Distinguished Professor of Computer Science School of Computing, UNF
2 Multi-core CPUs and Multithreading Technologies CPU s today assume a multi-core architecture with dual, quad, six, or more processing cores. The clock rate increased from 10 MHz for Intel 286 to 4 GHz for Pentium 4 in 30 years. However, the clock rate reached its limit on CMOS chips due to power limitations. Clock speeds cannot continue to increase due to excessive heat generation and current leakage. Multi-core CPUs can handle multiple instruction threads.
3 Multi-core CPUs and Multithreading Technologies LI cache is private to each core, L2 cache is shared and L3 cache or DRAM is off the chip. Examples of multi-core CPUs include Intel i7, Xeon, AMD Opteron. Each core can also be multithreaded. E.g. the Niagara II has 8 cores with each core handling 8 threads for a total of 64 threads maximum.
4 Hyper-threading (HT) Technology A feature of certain Intel chips (such as Xeon, i7) that makes one physical core appear as two logical processors. On an operating system level, a single-core CPU with Hyper- Threading technology will be reported as two logical processors, dual-core CPU with HT is reported as four logical processors, and so on. HT adds a second set of general, control and special registers. The second set of registers allows the CPU to keep the state of both cores, and effortlessly switch between them by switching the register set.
5 Hyper-threading (HT) Technology (contd.) HT technology results in better utilization of core resources and improved performance. Using this technology, many core resources can be shared between threads without negative impact, although sharing of some resources, like level 1 cache, may lower process performance under certain conditions. Overall, for large number of multi-threaded applications the Hyper- Threading can provide noticeable performance boost, from 15% - 30%.
6 Memory, Storage and WAN DRAM chip capacity increased from 16 KB in 1976 to 64 GB in 2011 for a 4x increase in capacity every 3 years. Memory access time did not improve as much. For hard drives, capacity increased from 260 MB in 1981 to 3 TB for the Seagate Barracuda XT hard drive in 2011 for an approximate 10x increase in capacity every 8 years. The "memory wall" is the growing disparity of speed between CPU and memory outside the CPU chip. An important reason for this disparity is the limited communication bandwidth beyond chip boundaries. From 1986 to 2000, CPU speed improved at an annual rate of 55% while memory speed only improved at 10%. Faster processor speed and larger memory capacity result in a wider performance gap between processors and memory. The memory wall may become an even worse problem limiting CPU performance.
7 System-Area Interconnects A LAN is typically used to connect clients to big servers. A Storage Area Network (SAN) connects servers to network storage such as disk arrays. Network attached storage (NAS) connects servers directly to disk arrays. All 3 types of networks often appear in a large cluster built with commercial network components.
8 System-Area Interconnects - NAS A NAS is fundamentally a bunch of disks, usually arranged in a disk array. Users and servers attach to the NAS primarily using TCP/IP over Ethernet, and the NAS has its own IP address. The primary job of a NAS is to serve files, so most NAS systems offer support for Windows networking, HTTP, plus file systems and protocols such as NFS.
9 System-Area Interconnects - SAN SANs allow multiple servers to share a RAID, making it appear to the server as if it were local or directly attached storage, and it cannot be accessed by individual users. A dedicated networking standard, Fiber Channel, allow blocks to be moved between servers and storage at high speed. It uses dedicated switches and a fiber-based cabling system which separates it from the day-to-day traffic. It uses the SCSI protocol for communication. SANs are used for mission-critical data such as big databases, where reliability and performance are key.
10 Virtual Machines and Virtualization Middleware To build clouds we need to aggregate large amounts of computing, storage, and networking resources in a virtualized manner. Specifically clouds rely on the dynamic virtualization of CPU, memory, and I/O. Virtual Machines (VMs) The VM is built with virtual resources managed by a guest OS to run a specific application. Between the VMs and the host platform, a middleware layer (called the Virtual Memory Monitor (VMM) or a hypervisor) is deployed. Type 1 (bare metal) hypervisor The bare metal hypervisor runs on the bare hardware and handles all the hardware (CPU, memory, and I/O) directly. This runs in the privileged mode. The guest OS could any OS such as Linux, Windows etc. They provide an almost native performance to the guest OSs (VMs), generally losing only 3 4% of the Central Processing Unit s cycles to the running of the hypervisor.
11 Type 1 (bare metal) hypervisor (continued) Bare-metal is great for consolidating a company s collection of servers onto a single piece of hardware. Some examples of the leading bare-metal hypervisors are VMware s ESXi (proprietary), Citrix Xen Server (FOS (Free & Open Source)), and KVM (kernel loaded VM) (FOS). ESX and XenServer are installs that reside directly on the hardware. KVM sits within a Linux kernel. Technologies for Network-Based Systems Virtual Machines and Virtualization Middleware
12 Virtual Machines and Virtualization Middleware Type 2 (or hosted) hypervisor: Here the hypervisor runs on top of a host OS in user or non-privileged mode. The host OS need not be modified. For example, you could install Windows or Linux, and then install the hypervisor on top but the performance may not be as good as with bare-metal. Hosted is often used by IT workers who need the flexibility to install, run and try out different OSs on their own computers without disrupting their current computing environment. Some examples of the leading hosted hypervisors are VirtualBox (FOS) and Qemu (FOS) Many VMs can be run on a hypervisor. The resource most in demand is system memory, and because RAM is cheap, this makes the proposition of virtualization an attractive one. A VM can be suspended and stored in secondary storage, resumed, or migrated from one hardware platform to another.
13 Full Virtualization vs. Para-Virtualization Full Virtualization allows the guest OS to run on the hypervisor without any modification and without it knowing that it is hosted. Paravirtualization requires that the kernel of the guest OS is modified and compiled with hooks (an API) for the hypervisor (guest OSs must know about the hypervisor). The guest OS can then communicate and cooperate with the hypervisor with a potential to improving performance, though this might be marginal (load that generates system calls benefits the most). Windows guests can only run on Full Virtualization, as their source is proprietary. Operating systems that support paravirtualization interfaces need custom kernel adjustments. If compiled manually (where possible), guest operating systems with hypervisor support require more maintenance and configuration. Amazon EC2 uses paravirtualization using the Xen hypervisor.
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After the match Loko - CSKA
After the match for the super Cup between FC Lokomotiv Moscow and CSKA Moscow held a press conference head coaches.CSKA head coach Valery Gazzaev first noted that the beginning of the season his team showed decent football. "We played very well in the first half and even scored a goal. But by the second half of the game relaxed for which he paid:".

subset: commoncrawl


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We now know that Indianapolis and New Orleans will battle it out on Super Bowl Sunday, so we can start to analyze the game dynamics.
This week, we will be able to analyze much of the advertising, too.
For marketers, the Super Bowl is not just an advertising battle. More and more, it is a PR battle. In this hard fought confrontation, dozens of Super Bowl advertisers strive to get coverage and to be featured prominently in the media. A high-profile article can be of more value than the actual Super Bowl spot. Monster.com, for example, pulled off quite a coup today in The New York Times:
This week the PR battle will heat up. So far, many companies have revealed the fact that they are advertising. Few, however, have released the creative. In the coming days, this will all change; in a bid to generate buzz, many advertisers will selectively release spots.
One of the masters of the Super Bowl PR game is Anheuser-Busch. Apparently on Tuesday, A-B will be showing all of its Super Bowl creative to select members of the media; the company has scheduled calls with key reporters as a means to make senior executives available for questions. Look for a lot of Budweiser stories to break late in the day Tuesday and early Wednesday.
As the week goes on, we will see more and more creative as the buzz begins to build.
– Tim Calkins


text:
QUEEN Alexandra Hospital is no longer in the bottom 10 health trusts for reaching its four-hour A&E treatment target.
This comes despite figures showing the Cosham hospital failed to see, treat or discharge fewer people within four hours in December than previous in months.
Data from NHS England released yesterday showed Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, which runs QA, only met the government-set target for 66.2 per cent of A&E admissions in December.
Trusts should be reaching 95 per cent but only three organisations reached this number.
In November, the figure for QA Hospital was 68.7 per cent and in October it was higher at 69.3 per cent.
The trust is now the 12th worst in the country when ranked on this category.
The data also showed the number of attendances at the emergency department dropped in December.
In total, 9,081 attended which is 192 fewer admissions compared to November.
A spokeswoman from Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust said: 'Like many hospitals around the country, our emergency department has been exceptionally busy over the last three months – particularly around the festive period, when the number of patients and severity of illness increased significantly compared to previous years.
'We have also seen increasing numbers of frail and elderly patients requiring admission, which has placed added pressure on our services. We would ask patients to think carefully about their urgent care needs.
'The emergency department is for major emergencies such as severe chest pain, breathing difficulties, serious accidents and severe bleeding.'
She added: 'We are working hard with NHS partners to reduce the number of patients that do not need to be in an acute bed for their continuing health or social care, to enable us to safely discharge patients and ensure we have more space for our emergency admissions.'
The average four-hour A&E target dropped nationally from 82.7 per cent for November to 79.3 per cent in December.


text:
19 May Buy Sale Rent Property Flats in Sector C-2 Vasant Kunj
Sector C 2 Flats Vasant Kunj
is on Nelson Mandela Road other side is Abdul Ghaffar Khan Marg where you would find 2 BHK and 3 BHK apartments Sector C Pocket 2, has approximately 650 Houses where you would find 2 BHK and 3 BHK apartments. Ground and First are 3 BHK and Second/Third floor are 2 BHK apartments in Simplex format. 25-30 Flats in C2 only two story 3 BHK on Ground and First Floor and 25-30 Flats are three stored ware ground/first are 3BHK and second floor is 2BHK flats. This pocket in Sector B has lots of parks and playing area for children. Ample amount of parking space is available for residents. Local Shopping Complex are near by for daily needs and groceries items.
Bloom, Ryan International, Vasant Valley and DPS are some famous school situated in Sector C Vasant Kunj. Sector C is on the edge where Nelson Mandela Road and Abdul Gaffar Khan Marg Meets each other. Sector C has approximetly 3200 Houses and also a Local Shopping Complex for daily needs shops. Sector C has some residential blocks near some famous malls in Vasant Kunj.


text:
Here's a super cool, fun and creative DIY project! It's very simple and a great way to decorate with style.
Materials needed:
- Ping pong balls- $10
- Decorative light (Christmas lights) – $10-$25
- A pen or a pair of scissors
Step 1
First, you will need to take out a pen or a pair of scissors. Then carefully poke a small hole into the ping pong ball. Repeat this step for as many ping pong balls needed.
Step 2
Now you will need your decorative lights (Christmas lights work best). Attach your ping pong ball to the light by putting it into the hole that you made. Continue to do that one by one until all of the lights are covered. Secure the ping pong balls in place by making sure that it is fully pushed in so that you can no longer see the light bulb.
Step 3
Now you are finally ready hang up your awesome lights! Don't forget to place them by a near by plug.
For a visual demonstration click HERE.


text:
Theresa currently treats a variety of mental and behavioral concerns including anxiety disorders, depression, trauma, grief, and others. She facilitates adolescent self-esteem groups, women's wellness and divorce recovery groups. Theresa treats individuals ages 12+ adults and the aging population. While Theresa's counseling orientation is tailored to each individual's need and clinical appropriateness, her orientation is acceptance commitment therapy, solution-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy and equine-Assisted psychotherapy (among others).
Insurances Theresa London accepts: UBH Optum, Cigna, Colorado Access, BHI Medicaid, Aetna, Medicare, Tricare, Beacon/VO,
Theresa is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Colorado (CSW09924302). She obtained her Bachelor's Degree and Master's Degree in social work from Metropolitan University of Denver. She was licensed while working full-time in a community mental health setting.


text:
Atlas Rules Resources Adventures Stories FAQ Search Links
Here's the war update of the first month of the Nomad War IMC. I use the rule modifications I sent to the list before, so anyone interested can look how they work.
The Great Nomad War - month 2by Ville Lähde
THE FIFTH WEEK: 1st-7th Klarmont
PC Actions: They bring news of the coming Glantri troops to Corunglain, boosting morale of the legionnaires who fear the imminent Nomad attack. They cross the Streel River to the east to avoid the closing Nomads and ride south. On their way they defeat a Nomad strike team that was ferried across Streel to raid farms (the Scourge of War encounter, you have to give them the opportunity for some turkey shooting... and throw the cruel facts of warfare to their face). Reaching Favaro on 4th they learn of the progress of the war and decide to travel to Alfheim City, reaching it on 6th. On 7th they meet Grindolf the White, in the midst of a messy meal, and then contact Taragin Oakbranch.
- At this time the sultan Ali-Ben Faisal of Ylaruam starts thinking seriously about joining the war, and makes some public speeches about the vile Glantrians joined the side of Darokin, and the "defectors" harboured by the Al-Azrad house in Selenica.
Reinforcement phase:
Darokin: XX and XXI gather in 2521 (No move this turn!)
GLANTRI SETUP: (No move this turn!)
Morphail: 2902 (Ft. Tchernovodsk)
Brannart: 2705 (Skullhorn)
Carnelia: 2408 (Southern Glantri)
Carlotina: 2508 (Southern Glantri)
Jaggar: 2205
Jherek: 2406 (Glantri City)
Volospin: 2169
Vanserie: 2306
1st & 2nd: break up the combination. 1st reinforces to full strength in 2112 (Akorros), 2nd moves to 2118 (Makes way to troops coming over Amsorak)
1st HQ, 3rd & 4th: Move to 2116, prepare to encamp next round (deeply fatigued)
5th: 2520 (moves to Darokin City siege)
2nd HQ, 6th & 7th, 8th & 9th: Besiege Corunglain. They don't attack, as they realise that their magical support is gone. Also their spies tell them that the elite legion has elves, capable of destroying the Stone Juggernauts.
10th: Encampment
3rd HQ, 11th & 12th, 13th & 14th: 2519 (Cross Streel river, but don't continue due to fatigue and troop depletion. Won't attack the Darokinian reinforcement south & east of Darokin city, or push towards Favaro encampment. Are content with cutting the Favaro road.)
15th: 2419 (Secures the western Darokin City)
4th HQ, 16th, 17th: 2520 (Besiege Darokin City)
18th, 19th: 2520 (Besiege Darokin city)
Note: I decided that the stacking limit should be relaxed here, or during any such a large siege. (There are 5 units and one pair isn't even combined.) Even now there are only over 6000 attacking troops, which is quite laughable compared to many real-world historical examples, and bearing in mind the sheer size of the city. There are 3381 defending troops, some of superior quality, so the Nomads (bereft of their magical bonuses) decide to empower their siege for some time.
20th: 2117 (Shipped to Akorros from Akesoli.)
5th HQ, 23rd, 24th: 1414
25th: 1314
- PC Allied Glantri Unit moves to 3119 (Dolos), joining with Darokinians.
II and V & VI combined: Stay in Corunglain, besieged.
I and XII & XIV combined: Stay in Darokin City, besieged
XVIII and XIX: 2818 (Protect the road to Eastern Darokin, at the edge of the forests.)
XII: Joins the encampment at 2716 (Favaro)
VII & XV combine in 2716
XX and XXI: 2621 (Retreat over the river south of Darokin city, tear down the bridges and lie in wait. Protect the road to Athenos.)
Notes on Strategy: As Darokin has moved to its reserve legions in the reinforcement schedule, and some of its better units have been destroyed, not routed, they can't afford a brave attempt to break the Darokin City siege. (Then again the Nomads can't try to breach the walls yet.) Reports of the few aerial intelligence units, now back in air after the Red Storms have subsided, tell of supplies and fresh troops pouring across Amsorak Lake. Thus: Both Corunglain and Darokin hold, waiting for the Glantrians. Corunglain has ample supplies and experience in long sieges.
THE SIXTH WEEK: 8th - 14th of Klarmont
PC Actions: Meet with the elven Council in Alfheim city on 9th. Travel to Elleromyr to meet the king, arrive on 11th. King Doriath agrees that the elves must join the war, but unfortunately the magical battles between Hosadus and the Glantrian wizards have activated all of the Bad Magic Points, and various dangerous monsters have been released into the forest. The elves aren't worried, though - they are expecting a good "game". Doriath asks the ambassadors to kill a huge red dragon that desecrated the burial mound of the King Alevar. They travel there by a Lightboat, and arrive in the morning of 12th. They manage to kill the dragon and find the blade of the Crystal Dagger of Cymorrak. They forge an alliance with Alfheim and gain the Alfheim allied unit. They travel to Dolos and learn that some powerful thieves have breached the defences of the Merchants' Guild Hall in besieged Darokin City and stolen a lot of money. They learn of the Ylaruam situation (see below), and race toward the eastern border. They reach Ft. Cruth on 14th.
- The sultan Ali-Ben Faisal of Ylaruam makes even more public claims about the "infidels" in Selenica, which he now claims to belong "really" to Ylaruam. Darokin High Command decides to man the eastern passes, and sent an urgent message to Alfheim, urging the ambassadors to go to Ylaruam and try to stop the war.
Reinforcement phase:
NOMAD MOVE: (From now on, I'll include the units that stay put, to help recreating events on battle map.)
20th: 2316 (Joins the encampment with 10th in the gap through the hills near Crowlerd. Rennydale has been thoroughly sacked by the passing armies and raiding groups in the past few weeks.)
3rd HQ, 11th & 12th, 13th & 14th: Encampment at 2519
15th: 2620 (North of Grayhare river. The bridges have been torn by the Darokinians.)
1st: also 2620 (Uses temporary bridges created by besieging Nomad units.)
2nd: 2117 (Akorros, waiting to be rebuilt.)
1st HQ, 3rd & 4th: Encamp at 2116 (Try to remove fatigue and heal wounded in the next weeks.)
5th HQ: 1817
24th: Arrives in Akesoli, and is shipped to 2117 (Akorros)
23rd, 25th: 1515 (Akesoli) (At this time most Darokinians capable of wielding a weapon have been either slaughtered, sent for slavery, used as forced labour - or in the case of high-level individuals sent to Sayr Ulan to feed the Soul Gem of Thanatos or as hostages.)
Legion of Doom: Sayr Ulan
21st & 22nd: "Pramayana" (In reality the shipping to Black Eagle begins covertly. Will take a long time...)
Darokin siege: 4th HQ + fatigue relief, 18th & 19th COMBINE, 16th & 17th COMBINE, 5th
- Siege gains a +5 Bonus.
Corunglain siege: 2nd HQ, 6th & 7th, 8th & 9th (Siege gains a +5 bonus, but this won't be relevant...)
Note: With the urging of the ambassador Radagast Emry, the Darokinian High Command redirected some of their rare aerial intelligence units to check out Atruaghin, as Emry has seen the Nomads escort the local "Indians" home during the Akesoli battle. The Darokinian intelligence learned of Nomad Agents working in Atruaghin, having already convinced 4 tribes to join them. The Darokinians manage to assassinate some Agents of the Nomads, thus disrupting any more tribes from joining the Nomads... at least for now. They also find about the two Atruaghini factions, the militant and the peaceful one. The Nomad Agents managed to get the militants upper hand in most of the tribes but one still follows the peaceful line. To their horror the Darokinians notice, that the Atruaghini have been on the move for some time!
Wolf, Bear: 1919 (on the move)
Sea Turtle, Horse: 2019 (on the move)
Boar: 0919 (pacifist faction)
Elk: 1119 (militant faction)
Tiger: 1419 (militant faction)
XI: 2425 (Athenos)
XX, XXI: Encamp at 2621
I, XIII & XIV combined: Darokin city, besieged
XIX, XVIII: Encamp at 2818
XII, VII & XV combined: Remain at encampment in 2716 (Favaro) The High Command is here.
II, V & VI combined: Corunglain, besieged
VIII: 4317 (Mans the eastern border passes. Officials of Parsa complain. Diplomatic pressure rises.)
X: Remains in Selenica, even though one legion would be badly needed in the western front. But losing Selenica would basically end it all.
IX: Ft. Hobart (Takes care or the orcs until XXII gets here.)
Glantri will commit troops to the Darokinian battle, but will leave a lot behind, as the Council fears the possible rise of Great Khan Chanai. (See: Geopolitics before the Nomad Invasion.)
Vanserie: 2610 (Secures the passes of Broken lands, and keeps them open.)
Carnelia: 2712 (Gets to Corunglain next turn! Nomads are not alerted due to extensive use of elven magics.)
Jherek: 2712
Carlotina: Joins Brannart at Skullhorn Pass
Morphail: Remains at 2902 (Ft. Tchernovodsk)
Note: The northern river valleys are thus left relatively undefended. But legions of Morphail say that the Prince will take care of the possible Ethengarian invasion.
Jaggar: 2510
Volospin: Glantri City
THE SEVENTH WEEK: 15th - 21st Klarmont
PC Actions: The ambassadors reach Selenica and stay there for a few days in order to learn some important Ylari customs from a Preceptor-sympathising trader. Yuri Turambar is contacted by his rival the Master Thief Danakhriss, who engineered the heist of the Guild Hall (see the 6th week). Danakhriss has decided to retire after getting filthy, filthy rich. He says goodbye to his old enemy, giving a strange obscure book that he saw in the Guild Hall library: "It seemed like my hand had decided to pick it up by itself, and the idea of giving it to you just seemed natural." The book "the Mad Prophesies of Insane Hosbaum", remains a mystery. Alexander Penhaligon gives a rousing sermon to the local Traladarans. They continue to the eastern border camp and receive news of the war.
- Ylaruam mobilises its armies in response to the Darokinian border activity, but doesn't yet declare war, as some of the advisers of Ali-Ben Faisal are against the war. A few of them are poisoned by the Nomad Agents in the court. Alfheim mobilises and joins the war on the side of Darokin.
Reinforcement phase:
XVI: reassembles in 4118 (Selenica), badly depleted
1st: 3116 (Alfheim City)
2nd: 2915 (Elleromyr9
3rd: 2917 (Shieldtree)
4th: 3716 (Feador area)
5th: 3213 (Ainsun area)
6th: 3613 (Desnae area)
7th: 3515 (Mealidor area)
1st, 2nd: 4616 (Parsa)
3rd & 4th Combined, 5th & 6th Combined: 5118 (Ylaruam)
7th: 5719 (Abbashan)
- PC Allied Alfheim Unit: Moves from 2915 (Elleromyr) to 3218 (Dolos) - Joins the Darokinians and the Glantrians.
5th HQ: 2117 (Akorros)
2nd: 2117 (Akorros, Reinforce to full strength)
24th: 2619
1st and 15th: 2620
4th HQ, 16th & 17th, 18th & 19th: Darokin City siege, +10 this week
3rd HQ, 11th & 12th, 13th & 14th: In Encampment at 2519, Lose all Fatigue!
5th: 2619 (moves there)
2nd HQ, 6th & 7th, 8th & 9th: 2713, Corunglain siege
10th, 20th: 2316 (Encampment, 10th heals 50% of wounded)
1st HQ, 3rd & 4th: 2116 (Encampment, All Fatigue gone - 3rd & 4th BREAK Combination)
25th: Shipped to 2117 (Akorros)
23rd: 1515 (Akesoli)
Legion of Doom: Sayr Ulan
21st and 22nd: 0326 ("Pramayana")
Horse, Sea Turtle: 2417
Bear, Wolf: 2415
- "The Grain Silo of Darokin", the Streel Plains, stand on the verge of destruction. This is a great worry for the High Command, as the harvest has just been planted, and the winter will be harsh without it, especially when the Darokinian economy is crippled.
XXV & XXIII: Combine at 2525
XXI: 2425 (Athenos)
XX: 2621 (in Encampment)
XXII: 4016 (Ft. Hobart)
IX: 4317 (Eastern Pass, ENCAMPMENT)
XVI: 4118 (Selenica - Reinforces to Full Strength, can be counted a s a capital hex in this situation. Lowered BR remains!)
VIII: 4317 (Eastern Pass, Encamps)
X: Selenica (4118)
XVIII, XIX: 2818 (in Encampment)
I, XIII & XIV combined: 2520 (Darokin City)
XII, VII & XV combined: 2716 (Favaro, Encampment!)
II, V & VI combined: 2713 (Corunglain, prepare to break siege!)
Jherek, Carnelia: 2716 (Corunglain) - Attack the Nomads guarding the passes
Jaggar: 2712
Vanserie: 2610
Volospin: 2406 (Glantri City)
Brannart, Carlotina: 2705 (Skullhorn pass Camp)
Morphail: 2902 (Ft. Tchernovodsk)
7th Week Combat: The Battle of Corunglain
Some of the besieging Nomad forces have been told to guard the northern passes, so they get a +10 bonus against the Glantrians. The bonus is smaller than normal, as the magic-using Glantrians manage to surprise them. At the same time the Darokin forces charge the Nomads, and gain a tactical advantage in that the get to choose the order of engagement.
Round 1:
Jherek vs. 1/2 6 & 7 combination
Difference: +31 Glantri
(Glantri favoured tactics)
After rolls: +66 Glantri
Jherek: 30% casualties, MF
1/2 6 & 7 combination: 70% casualties, SF
Carnelia vs. 1/2 6 & 7 combination
Difference: +31 Glantri
(Nomads have astounding tactical luck, they trap a Glantrian full charge. But eventually luck and skill is on the Glantrian side.)
After rolls: +13 Glantri
Carnelia: 20% Casualties
1/2 6 & 7 combination: 20% Casualties.
V & VI vs. 2nd HQ
Difference: +50 Nomad (note: 1% Immunity bonus, mainly due the juggernauts)
(Tactics favour the Darokinians. Difference drops to +30 Nomad)
After rolls: +20 Darokin (lucky...)
V & VI: 10 & Casualties
2nd HQ: 40% Casualties, MF
II vs. 8 & 9 Combination
Difference: +69 Darokin
(N/E Tactics)
After rolls: +60 Darokinians
II: 20% Casualties, MF
8 & 9 Combination: 50% Casualties, SF
Aftermath: All Nomad units are seriously depleted and will attempt withdrawal next round!
Round 2:
Jherek vs. 1/2 6 & 7 combination
Difference: +111 Glantri
(Tactics increase Casualties on both sides)
After rolls: + 67 Glantri
Jherek: 20% Casualties, SF
1/2 6 & 7 combination: 50% Casualties, SF - Withdraw 1 hex to 2714
Carnelia vs. 1/2 6 & 7 Combination
Difference: +41 Glantri
(N/E Tactics)
After rolls: +107 Glantri
Carnelia: 20% Casualties
1/2 6 & 7 Combination: 70% Casualties: ROUT, Return 11
- Note: I considered Nomad Division 6 to be the withdrawing one, and 7 routed, in order to simplify bookkeeping.
V & VI vs. 2nd HQ
Difference: +20 Nomad
(Tactics decrease Casualties on both sides)
After rolls: +32 Nomad
V & VI: 30% Casualties, SF
2nd HQ: 10% Casualties, SF - Withdraw 1 hex to 2714
II vs. 8 & 9 Combination
Difference: +114
(Tactics favour the Darokinians)
After rolls: +135 Darokin
II: 10% Casualties, MF
8 & 9 Combination: 90% Casualties, ROUT, return 16
Jherek: SF, BR 160, 483 troops left, wounded 190 (return 20)
Carnelia: BR 160, 552 troops left, 155 wounded (return 20)
II: MF, BR 182, troops 786, wounded 156 (return 14)
V & VI: SF, BR 74, troops 1462, wounded 429 (return 15)
2nd HQ: SF, BR 152, troops 182, wounded killed, location: 2714
6th: SF, BR 102, troops 175, wounded killed, location: 2714
THE EIGHT WEEK: 22nd - 28th Klarmont
PC Actions: Crossing the border, they witness the Ylari mobilisation at Parsa. Reach the glittering spires of Ylaruam City. First they meet the local DDC representative at the Darokin embassy, where the officials are busy burning important documents. Then they meet the Grand Vizier Osman Ben Ayloob, and present their case to him. The Nomad Ambassadors counter their claims. The Darokin ambassadors are given quarters for the night, and are supposed to meet Ali-Ben Faisal tomorrow. During the night Nomad assassins attempt to steal the Crystal Blade of Cymorrak and plant evidence of theft, but alert ambassadors kill two and capture one. Using psi-magic and torture they manage to break the assassin's mental training (although the torture causes rifts between them, too), and they learn of the Crystal Dagger of Cymorrak, the quest of the Nomads to retrieve it, the location of the hilt in the Five Shires, and the fact that the Nomads don't know the location of the third piece. They don't lean much about the dagger itself, only that Hosadus considers it very dangerous.
In the morning on 25th they attend the welcoming feast that is held by Ali-Ben Faisal. They learn that he has driven the Nomads out of the country ("asked them to leave"), since the Kalif knows the Nomads were responsible for the nightly attack, even though he doesn't make any public accusations. Ali-Ben Faisal declares that he won't join the Nomads in their war against Darokin, but this doesn't refute his "rightful" claims on Selenica. By the pretext of the Selenica issue, and the fact that Darokin is allied with the hated Glantrians and the perverse elves ("who weave their webs of deceit in the forest"), he declares bilateral war on Darokin - but makes a solemn promise not to extend the attack beyond the Selenica region, and not to join Hosadus. The Darokinian ambassadors decide to ride towards Rockhome, the Karrak pass, with haste. (They are contacted by a Preceptor agent, who tells them that the decision to attack was made in advance, and that their presence here only gave Faisal the chance to start the war "honourably".) On their way towards Parsa they are attacked by a group of bandits, who were hired by the Nomad Agents, but they repel the attack and get a lot of fresh horses.
Reinforcement phase:
Darokin: XXVI, XXVII: 2425 (Athenos)
- Note: Units cannot be formed in Corunglain, as the area is not yet under full Darokin control.
6th HQ, 1 & 2 Guards Combined, 3 & 4 Guards Combined: 0213
5th Guards, 6th Guards: 0113
7th Guards, 8th Guards: 0114
Ylaruam: 8th Division: 5118 (Ylaruam City)
SETUP: No new countries.
21st, 22nd: 0326 ("Pramayana")
Legion of Doom: 0317 (Sayr Ulan)
6th HQ, 1 & 2 GU, 3 & 4 GU, 0813
5th GU, 6th GU: 0714
7th GU, 8th GU: 0513
23rd DIV: 2117 (Akorros, shipped over the lake)
5th HQ, 2nd DIV, 25th DIV: 2519 (Take over the Encampment)
3rd HQ, 11th & 12th DIV, 13th & 14th DIV: 2816 (Intercept the advance of the elves, as their intelligence efforts are successful. Due to the attack of the Atruaghini, the Favaro troops cannot intercept the 3rd Nomad Army. Note: The Nomad Central Command knows that their army is outclassed, but they are convinced that inflicting heavy casualties on the elves will take out their will to fight in this war.)
2nd HQ, 6th DIV: Try to leave 2714 and continue their retreat, BUT Jherek and Carnelia intercept them successfully.
1st DIV, 15th DIV: 2620 (Encampment)
5th DIV, 24th DIV: 2619 (Encampment)
4th HQ, 16th & 17th DIV, 18th & 19th DIV: DAROKIN CITY siege, +15 bonus built this week!
10th DIV, 20th DIV: 2316 (Encampment)
1st HQ, 3rd DIV: 2117 (Akorros) - 3rd DIV Reinforces to full strength!
4th DIV: 2116 (in Encampment, heals 50% of the wounded)
Horse, Sea Turtle, Bear, Wolf: All move to 2716 (Favaro), some use successful forced marches. They manage to engage the Darokinians in a way that doesn't require crossing the river during the attack. I relinquished the stacking limit in this case due to the size and nature of the Atruaghin units - combining them didn't fit their clan nature.
1st, 2nd: 4317 (Attack the border camp)
3rd & 4th Combined, 5th & 6th Combined: 4417
7th: Ylaruam City
8th: Ylaruam City
II, V & VI: Corunglain - V & VI Reinforces to full strength and loses fatigue. This is an exception, normally ONE unit can reinforce. But the liberation of Corunglain also liberates a lot of reserve troops that had been cut off.
XII, VII & XV Combination: 2716 (Favaro, Encampment) - Attacked by Atruaghini!
I, XIII & XIV Combination: 2520 (Darokin city, besieged)
XVIII, XIX: 2818 (Encampment)
XI, XX: 2621 (Encampment)
XXVI & XXVII: COMBINE in Athenos
XXI: Athenos
X & XVI: COMBINE in Selenica
XXIV: Selenica
XXII: Selenica - Turns Ft. Hobart to the elves, who won't take part in the defence of Selenica, as they aren't at war with the Ylari. however, the elves agree to guard the border to Orclands.
IX, VIII: 4317 (Encampment)
Jherek, Carnelia: Battle at 2714
Jaggar: 2716 - Rushes to assist the Darokinians in Favaro!
Vanserie: 2610 (keeping the Broken lands passes open)
Volospin: 2406 (Glantri city)
Brannart, Carlotina: 2705 (Skullhorn Pass Camp)
Morphail: 2902 (Ft. Tchernovodsk)
1st: 2816
2nd: 2816
3rd: 2816 - All three gather together and try to join the Darokinians at the staging area of Favaro, but they are attacked by the 3rd Nomad Army.
4th: 4016 (Ft. Hobart)
5th: 2915 (Protect Elleromyr)
6th: 3417 (Secures the southern Darokinian supply lines from bandits)
7th: 2917 (Protect Shieldtree)
- Note: This will leave the northern borders open to humanoid raiders or attacks. Elves won't keep this up for long, especially the isolationist clans start to object.
8th Week Combat:
· BATTLE AT 2714, Destruction of the 2nd Nomad Army remnants
Round 1:
Jherek vs. 2nd HQ
Difference: +103 Glantri
(Tactics: Nomads manage to trap the Glantrians)
After rolls: +114 Glantri
Jherek: 40% Casualties (still SF), BR 161, 97 wounded (return 22)
2nd HQ: 70% Casualties, ROUT, return 14, BR 151
Carnelia vs. 6th DIV
Difference: +183 Glantri
(Tactics: Nomads manage to trap the Glantrians)
After rolls: +173 Glantri
Carnelia: 30% Casualties, BR 161
6th DIV: DESTROYED!
Note: I broke down the VII & XV Combination in order to simplify bookkeeping. The battle takes place at the staging grounds, Darokinians receive behind the walls -bonus due to the encampment.
Round 1:
Horse vs. VII
Difference: +7 Atruaghin
(Tactics favour Darokinians)
After rolls: +45 Atruaghin
Horse: not a scratch
VII: 20% Casualties, SF
Sea Turtle vs. XV
Difference: +7 Atruaghin
(Tactics increase losses on both sides)
After rolls: +31 Darokin
Sea Turtle: 50% Casualties, SF
XV: 30% Casualties, MF
Bear vs. XII
Difference: +7 Atruaghin
(Tactics favour the Darokinians)
After rolls: +20 Darokin
Bear: 30% Casualties, MF
XII: 10% Casualties
Wolf vs. Jaggar
Difference: +54 Glantri
(Tactics decrease Glantrian losses)
After rolls: +60 Glantri
Wolf: 50% Casualties, SF
Jaggar: 10% Casualties, MF
Round 2: All Atruaghini troops decide to try to withdraw, they are surprised by the Darokinian strong defence and the arrival of the Glantrians. "Behind the wall" bonus no longer applies, as the battle moves outside the encampment.
Horse vs. VII
Difference: +34 Atruaghin
(Tactics implies NO COMBAT!)
Horse: withdraw to 2616
Sea Turtle vs. XV
Difference: +15 Darokin
(Tactics favour the Atruaghini)
After rolls: +68 Darokin
Sea Turtle: 60% Casualties, SF - Move to 2616!
XV: 40% Casualties, MF, BR 74
Bear vs. XII
Difference: +5 Atruaghini
(Tactics favour the Darokinians)
After rolls: +23 Darokinians
Bear: 40% Casualties, SF - Move to 2616!
XII: 10% Casualties, BR 74
Wolf vs. Jaggar
Difference: +101 Glantri
(Tactics favour both sides)
After rolls: +66 Glantri
Wolf: 50% Casualties, SF - Move to 2616!
Jaggar: 30% Casualties, MF, BR 160
- The battle of Favaro ends, and nearly 1400 Atruaghini wounded are left on the battlefield. Darokinians lost over 1100 in dead & wounded, the Glantrians over 300 in dead & wounded.
The armies meet on the road. Neither gets any defender-specific modifiers. The elves will call this battle the "Summer's Midnight Sorrow". Note: The Nomad Divisions were already depleted by the battle of the West End Darokin City. They have managed to rest and heal wounded, but haven't received reinforcements.
Round 1:
3rd HQ vs. 1st ELF
Difference: +52 Elf
(Tactics favour the elves)
After rolls: +77 Elf
3rd HQ: 60% Casualties, SF
1st ELF: 20% Casualties, MF
11th & 12th DIV vs. 2nd ELF
Difference: +40 Elf
(Tactics decrease elven losses)
After rolls: +18 Elf
11th & 12th DIV: 20% Casualties, MF
2nd ELF: Not a scratch
13th & 14th DIV vs. 3rd ELF
Difference: +41 Elf
(Tactics increase losses on both sides)
After rolls: +31 Nomad
13th & 14th: 30% Casualties, MF
3rd ELF: 50% Casualties, SF
Round 2: Nomads take Holding positions, trying to block the elves from Favaro. Thus they get a +10 defender bonus.
3rd HQ vs. 1st ELF
Difference: +92 Elf
(Tactics: The elves envelop the Nomads)
After rolls: +153 Elf
3rd HQ: DESTROYED
1st Elf: 10% Casualties, MF still, BR 176
11th & 12th DIV vs. 2nd ELF
Difference: +40 Elf
(Tactics: as above)
After rolls: +71 Elves
11th & 12th DIV: 80% Casualties, SF, (684 wounded are left on the field) - Move to 2717!
2nd Elf: 30% Casualties, MF, BR 176
13th & 14th DIV vs. 3rd ELF
Difference: +4 Nomad
(Tactics favour the Elves)
After rolls: +75 Elf
13th & 14th DIV: 50% Casualties, SF, (814 wounded left to field) - Move to 2717!
3rd Elf: 30% Casualties, SF, BR 176
- Aftermath: Altogether the Nomads lose nearly 3000 troops, as old and new wounded must be left behind. Elves, to their horror, have 459 dead (exactly, the elves are strict in these matters), and as much wounded. It is rumoured that the enraged elves slaughter a lot of their HUMAN prisoners, not only the humanoid troops of the Nomads!
Round 1:
VIII vs. 1st Ylari
Difference: +7 Darokin
(Tactics: Darokin automatic Hold, Ylari choose Attack+ [in such a situation Attack and Attack + are the only alternatives, like in a siege battle. For example, you cannot envelope or trap troops that are holding a pass.] The choice will increase Ylari losses but will make their victory more likely.)
After Tactics: +18 Ylari
After rolls: +2 Darokin (good luck)
VIII: Not a scratch
1st Ylari: 30% Casualties
IX vs. 2nd Ylari
Before rolls as above!
After rolls: +54 Ylari
IX: 50% Casualties, SF
2nd Ylari: 40% Casualties, MF
Round 2:
VIII vs. 1st Ylari
Difference After tactics: +3 Ylari
After rolls: +45 Ylari
VIII: 30% Casualties, SF
1st Ylari: 20% Casualties
IX vs. 2nd Ylari
Difference After tactics: +38 Ylari
After Rolls: +97 Ylari
IX: ROUT (203 left, return 13), BR 72
2nd Ylari: 20% Casualties, MF
Round 3: The Ylari have good, but not astounding battle luck, and they manage to overrun the Darokinian border camp. (Read: This is one instance where I decided that for dramatic purposes it would be better to get the Ylari in as soon as possible. As seen later, this proved to be an OK decision, as it created a sense of urgency for the PCs. This was very important, as the Nomad advance in the west was clearly stalling at this stage, and a counter-strike was to be expected. Getting the Nomads to besiege Selenica changed the atmosphere a lot.)
1/2 III vs. 1st Ylari
Difference: +48 Ylari
After tactics: +73 Ylari
After rolls: +98 Ylari
1/2 III: ROUT, return 12, 142 left, BR 72
1st Ylari: 20% Casualties, 321 left (40 wounded)
1/2 III vs. 2nd Ylari
Difference: +38 Ylari
After tactics: +63 Ylari
After rolls: +113 Ylari
1/2 III: ROUT, return 12, 61 left
2nd Ylari: 40% Casualties, 206 left, (69 wounded)
Total Aftermath of 8th Week battles:
Jherek: BR 161 8won: 1/2 6 & 7 DIV, 2nd HQ, 290 left (190 wounded, return 20, 93 wounded, return 22), SF
2nd HQ: ROUTED, return 14, BR 151, 27 troops left! (The command structure, basically)
Carnelia: BR 161 (won: 6th DIV, 7th DIV), 386 left (155 wounded, return 20, 83 wounded, return 18)
6th DIV: DESTROYED
Horse: No change, location 2616
VII: 928 left, 116 wounded (return 16), SF
Sea Turtle: 132 left, SF
XV: BR 74 (won: Sea Turtle), 487 left, 336 wounded (return 14), MF
Bear: 278 left, SF
XII: BR 74 (won: Bear), 940 left, 110 wounded (return 19)
Wolf: 166 left, SF
Jaggar: BR 160 (won: Wolf), 543 left, 159 wounded (return 21)
3rd HQ: DESTROYED
1st ELF: BR 176 (won: 3rd HQ), 537 left, 105 wounded (return 17), MF
11th & 12th DIV: BR 105 (won: XVI, XVII), 260 left, MF
2nd ELF: BR 176 (won: 11th & 12th DIV), 522 left, 112 wounded (return 20), MF
13th & 14th DIV: BR 104, 570 left, MF
3rd ELF: BR 176 (won: 13th & 14th DIV), 261 left, 243 wounded (return 12), SF
1st Ylari: BR 152 (won: VIII), 321 left, 197 wounded (return 17)
VIII: ROUTED, return 12, BR 72, 203 left
2nd Ylari: BR 152 (won: IX), 206 left, 255 wounded (return 19)
IX: ROUTED, return 13, BR 72, 203 left


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Choosing Eco Housing
The Eco Housing route has now in recent times become more of a chosen decision by property owners in recent times. With the good that they can do for the environment and the added efficiency they guarantee, this is increasingly becoming a favoured choice for property developers and owners alike.
More than ever, the realities of global warming and climate change are being seen first hand. It has therefore become more essential than ever before to address the need to live more sustainably. This has in turn seen a massive change in ways to which builders and property developers alike are now approach new build projects.
If you are building a new house, or converting an old one, there are endless opportunities for making the house greener without adding greatly to the cost. The design can make the most of passive solar gain – use the heat from the sun which may sometimes pour through south-facing windows to warm living areas.
Insulation, double (or triple) glazing and solar water heating can easily be incorporated. You could even consider half-burying the house underground to save energy and reduce the visual impact, or building underground heat stores.
Going more eco-friendly doesn't necessarily have to be daunting and difficult to implement. It can be an easy way to go and it is proven as a cost effective choice certainly in the long term. Living costs and general bills are lower and on the whole its a better way to live in the best interests of the environment.


text:
"I remember hearing about Sonia's class though a friend of mine. I also remember telling him that I wasn't interested, because of the poor experiences I've had with other coaches. But I wanted to keep with my craft, so I went. Sonia's class was a breath of fresh air; an 'actor friendly' experience that made me feel as if I were home. I remember praying that I find just the right acting coach. Someone who will push me -- not too much, but enough to help the actor come alive. She was that perfect ratio. Thank you for all your help Sonia! I'm now working, and it helps me to have you on my side! God bless."
Chadwick Pelletier
"Vampire Assassin," The Agency" (CBS), "Road Rules" (MTV)
"Sonia's class was not only fun but also highly demanding and ultimately a great training ground for the auditions I will face in the future...I feel 100% ready to act with total confidence in my God-given abilities that Sonia honed and sharpened, as iron sharpens iron.... Sonia's class prepared me for the play and the short film I just finished working on. I credit Sonia for bringing out my natural ability as an actor and polishing it until now where I shine..."
Carolyn Christian (SAG)
"A DIstant Shore," "Too Good To Be True"
"I spent 8 or 9 yrs studying acting and found myself in 6 or 7 different acting classes along the way. Sonia's class was by far the best class experience I had for the year or so I was there. Sonia gives the actor the best enviornment to feel comfortable in as well as connects with you in ways unlike many teachers that can help you reach your full potential as an actor. I feel very fortunate to have been in one of her classes."
Jason Fields is currently in the process of bringing a film that he wrote, Produced, Directed, and starred in to the box office. The film is called Midrange and information about the film can be found at www.midrangethemovie.com.
Contact Sonia about acting classes and personal coaching at
sonia_curtis (at) hotmail.com


text:
Coal Dust Explosions in the Cement Industry -...File format:Adobe PDF
coal safety requirements in the cement industry which accounts for a very ... A coal pulverizer under normal grinding conditions will, in most cases, be loaded.
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CEMENT INDUSTRY - UnidoFile format:Adobe PDF
Conducting surveys of energy usage and efficiency at the plant level; ..... cement production process is mostly occupied by SP and NSP kilns and coal is used ..... taking the safety of work into consideration, and the measurement shall be made ...
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Sep 20, 2014 ... CEMENT INDUSTRIES: EHS CONSIDERATIONS A Presentation By Dr. V.C. ... causing activities of cement manufacture Off Plant pollution In- plant .... A mixture of coal dust or coke dust and air is potentially explosive, leading to ... Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) enable users of cement to take the ...
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In 2014, we invite cement industry engineers and plant managers to participate in a relevant ..... mills and roller presses. - Cement grinding. - Coal grinding. - Dedusting of cement plants. - Safety .... OK Mill presentation. - OK Mill typical wear.


text:
It's now been 3 years since I bought my first stock. I have no formal investment or business education, this is just something I became interested in. I spent the first two years reading investment books non-stop, getting through probably about a book per month. I've read the classics and I follow a lot of blogs. I haven't read many books this past year as I spend my investment time reading filings.
I've heard people say you need a minimum of 3 years to evaluate investment performance and to me that sounds about right. I'll reserve judgement on myself for another few years though as my style has changed so dramatically. As with any new venture it takes a while to find your feet. My first purchase was AAPL and now I buy companies with a market cap of a few million. I really feel I've found my feet over the past year as a direct result of this blog and the communication I've received through it. A year ago I concentrated and based many investment decisions on someone else's analysis. Now my portfolio is up to 22 stocks and I know why I own each one. I have really moved to tiny cheap companies with a focus on the numbers. My first blog post here was a huge write up of TIK which took me a few months in total and I now buy some stocks with only a few minutes of research if they fit.
So with all of that, here are my results. Year end for me is April 17. As I've said before I have two goals: beat the market and get a 12% return. Over my 3 years now I have basically matched the market. My CAGR is just a hair below my goal and I think that'll improve as I do. For the year I beat the S&P500 but fell short of my return goal. What can you do. All around I think things are going well and I'm very excited for the upcoming year!
I have changed my portfolio tracking because the old way just got to be too much. I have a spreadsheet I was maintaining that included every bit of activity with all stock market values for each day of activity. I have not been updating it as frequently as in the past as my focus has gotten longer. I am getting more confident that I belong here so am relying less on frequent assurance. This spreadsheet would 'buy' shares of SPY when cash became available with my periodic deposits so I could compare exactly what benefit I have vs the market. As I am not maintaining that anymore I now am calculating the SPY Return column just by the delta cost of SPY over the year plus dividends. I also found a mistake in last year's CAGR calculation. So you may notice these numbers for 2013, 2014 are different than I reported last year.


text:
ERIC Number: ED241495
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1983-Jul
Pages: 30
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
Self-Reports of Teacher Judgment. Research Series No. 134.
Yinger, Robert J.; Clark, Christopher M.
Comparison was made of the results of three analyses of teacher judgments concerning the selection of curriculum materials for the teaching of writing in elementary school. Twenty-five male and female fourth and fifth grade teachers, with teaching experience ranging from 4 to 33 years, responded to questions on their judgments of the value of language arts activities (described by short statements of purpose and a listing of the steps involved in planning and conducting the activity). The intent of the study was to determine the validity of three types of research used in exploring the judgment process: (1) policy capturing analysis; (2) process tracing analysis; and (3) analysis of teachers' self-reports of their judgment processes. Among conclusions reached were the following: (1) Teachers as judges may have better insight into their own decision processes than researchers usually give them credit for. Closer attention should be paid to differences in language and level of detail offered by the various methods and to what kind of data is used to evaluate the validity of verbal reports. (2) Better models of the tasks in which judgment is being examined should be developed. (3) More should be known about how experience influences judgment. (4) Multi-method approaches will probably provide more accurate results. (JD)
Descriptors: Classroom Research, Cognitive Processes, Decision Making, Elementary Education, Elementary School Teachers, Evaluative Thinking, Instructional Materials, Language Arts, Media Selection, Metacognition, Research Methodology, Teacher Attitudes, Teacher Characteristics, Teaching Experience
Institute for Research on Teaching, College of Education, Michigan State University, 252 Erickson Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824 ($3.00).
Publication Type: Speeches/Meeting Papers; Reports - Research; Information Analyses
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Researchers
Language: English
Sponsor: National Inst. of Education (ED), Washington, DC.
Authoring Institution: Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Inst. for Research on Teaching.
Note: Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Montreal, Canada, April 11-15, 1983).


text:
This is from a friend of a friend's blog. (Waving hi to Ladies Who Lunch Reviews, etc.) If you can help out, I'm sure it would be appreciated!
Do you watch TV shows? Are you above the age of 18? Do you have three minutes to spare for a student who's just trying to pass a class? Then please take my survey! I'm in a Research Met…
Source: Please Take My TV Survey!


text:
I got three of the twelve things on the list -- one yesterday on my solo ride:
Two today on our club ride. I volunteered to lead the Pedal Pusher ride for Bette-Ann who couldn't lead today. As Cindy said -- it is actually warm today, it just looks cold from indoors. Because there was remnants of rain on pavement and the clouds were thick this morning, we were tricked into thinking COLD.
Upon reading the list of things I would be on the hunt for this month, Cindy volunteered to ride with me on the Cinnamon Bun hunt. Turns out that was this day. Not only a cinnamon bun, but a gluten free cinnamon bun at a favorite stop, the Flying Apron.
On the way to the cinnamon bun I met and introduced myself to Veonie:
Her person said yes to my asking to take a photo. She told me that Veonie loves attention and would be happy with me. She was oh so friendly (Veonie and her person).
Heading back from our bakery stop, we were mostly unlayering from this morning's layers of wear. I rode in my bike shorts for the third time this year. And the sun started to show up just as we were about done with the ride. Bright sun after that for the afternoon.


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James F. Houghton (1862-66)
James Franklin Houghton was born on December 1, 1827, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He received a B. S. degree in Civil Engineering from Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, New York. At that time he returned to Waltham and took employment as an engineer. He also pursued advanced mathematical studies at Harvard under a professor eminent in that field. During this period, Houghton worked as Superintending Engineer on the construction of a portion of the Boston water system.
After working in a Boston mercantile firm and founding a lumber firm in California, Houghton was elected Surveyor General of California in 1862 and turned his attention to those duties. In 1868, upon the expiration of his third term in that office, Houghton returned to an active business life and once again turned his attention to a new field of commerce, the rapidly expanding field of insurance.
It is clear that Houghton was largely responsible for both the construction and final passage of a law which corrected many existing title difficulties in California. An enormous amount of patience and endurance - as well as a wide knowledge of previous law and current land practices in California - were required on Houghton's part. Thus, despite the less honorable deeds he was actively engaged in at that time and in years to come, Houghton's contribution to the stability and credibility of State title to its lands is noteworthy.
In 1887, Houghton became President of the San Francisco Dock Company, and in 1889 was elected to the Board of Regents of the University of California. In addition, during the 1880's he became President of the Central Land Company, headquartered in Oakland, and was deeply involved in the purchase and sale of government lands in California.
Houghton died on February 2, 1903, in San Francisco, survived by his widow and three of his children.


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After our wee walk around Invermoriston, it was off to Loch Ness for some monster spotting to end off Day 7 of our Compass Buster tour! 🐉
With or without Nessie, Loch Ness is famous in its own right. Loch Ness is the second largest loch in Scotland by surface area and the second deepest. This freshwater loch is the largest by volume and contains more water than all of the rivers and lakes in England and Wales combined!
Besides being an incredible body of water, Loch Ness is also surrounded by the spectacular scenery of the Scottish Highlands. There are beautiful little villages on its shores – like Drumnadrochit, Fort Augustus (our home for tonight), Foyers and Invermoriston. There is even the beautiful Urquhart Castle on its Western shore. Even without Nessie, all of that would be enough to convince me to visit!
Because we arrived here towards the end of the day, we had this view pretty much all to ourselves!
The weather was forever changing… When we first arrived, it was a bit cloudy. Then the clouds parted slightly and we were bathed in the rays of the setting sun.
Can you see that the water of Loch Ness is not crystal clear – but a bit murky? That is due to the high concentration of peat particles in the water. It is said that visibility in the loch is only 4 inches. We didn't jump in to test this fact – so we can only assume this is true!
Murky waters might be a reason why it is so difficult to get a clear photograph of Nessie!
We did try to look for Nessie, but I think she was being shy today! I like to imagine her popping her head out of that wave in the middle of this photograph.
Nessie is indeed a famous Scot – with hundreds of thousands of searches on google each month. The first recorded sighting was in 565AD, where St. Columba supposedly encountered a water beast and banished it into the waters of River Ness. In more modern times, thousands of people claimed to have seen Nessie, with some providing photographic "evidence".
Many of these have now been proven false, yet Nessie continues to capture our imagination. Various searches and investigations using modern day technology have been conducted and the scientific community is leaning towards Nessie being a myth. But then again, you never know – Nessie might just be very good at hiding. Or there are also whisperings that she can move between lochs and rivers and even that she can teleport to different bodies of water around the world! Perhaps Nessie is friends with our own Ogopogo – who supposedly lives in Okanagan Lake a couple hours drive from us! Who knows 😉🤔
Walking back from the edge of Loch Ness, we came upon the Canal.
Loch Ness is part of the Caledonian Canal – a series of 29 locks spanning the 60 miles along the Great Glen between Inverness with Fort William. This canal system crosses the entire span of the Scottish Highlands and provides a way to get from the East to the West coast of Scotland. Nowadays, you can explore the Caledonian Canal by boat, canoe, bike or on foot!
For more on how you can explore the Canal, check out this website here. I think this would be a really unique trip and it would be a great opportunity see the beauty of the Scottish Highlands and to see this engineering marvel.
The Caledonian Canal was engineered by the famed Scottish enginner Thomas Telford – the same man behind the old Telford bridge that we visited earlier in the day. Telford's work took him to England, Wales and even to Sweden, where he oversaw the construction of the Göta kanal – sister canal of the Caledoninan Canal. Although his work took him to places far and wide, he never forgot where he came from. He undertook lots of projects in Scotland – from bridges to churches to entire towns. He also took on the task of making communications and travel throughout Scotland easier by building miles and miles of roads in his home country. I'm sure within our 10 days exploring Scotland, we must have traveled on one of his roads. Check out this Visit Scotland post on Telford's top 10 greatest Scottish Constructions!
Although we only got a glimpse at one section of the Canal, we were impressed at how something built in the early 1800's is still functional almost 200 years later!
Having had a full day of adventures and exploring, we were on our way to our home for the night – Morag's Lodge. This hostel had cozy rooms, homecooked dinners available for purchase, a large communal dining area, a bar and tartan throughout its building!
When we sat down for dinner, we noticed another large group of people with the yellow Haggis Adventures wristband. This was when we realized another change in tour group and tour guide was coming tomorrow… 😔 Part of our group would be returning to Edinburgh with Andy and the rest of us would be joining another group to finish off our 10 day tour. It wasn't off to a good start when our new group mates were already insisting that they had reserved certain seats on the bus and would not be allowing anyone else to sit in those spots… We decided to worry about them tomorrow and just enjoy tonight!
After dinner, we wandered over to the bar. Our OG 10 day squad (❤) would be continuing on together but a couple of our new friends would be leaving us tomorrow. (Don't worry – we would all be reunited in Edinburgh in a couple of days!) So it was time for some drinks, chats, some live music and dancing to cap off our time together!
Some time in the evening, a loch monster costume was brought out, along with a chest of tartan fabric. Andy helped all of us to fashion our own traditional Scottish wear – kilts for the guys and a kind of "earasaid" for us girls.
We loved it!
We came to Scotland prepared for a night like this. And tonight was the perfect night to break out these socks and matching red flats to finish off our outfits!
Modelling the latest in tartan with our dear friends D and M!
Whilst wandering the halls of the hostel, we can across this poster – which quickly became a favourite 😉🙄😍
We ended off our night stargazing outside – chatting with our friends, wrapped in our tartan and gazing at the Milky Way. It doesn't get any better than that 💙
Day 8 is next – stay tuned!
From Vancouver with Love,
Ioana and Natalie
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