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I don't feel like writing much tonight - but it's been ages since I wrote anything. For two days I was in Great Barrington at the Berkshire Playwrights Lab, working with actors and a director on a play I co-wrote called "Scrambled Eggs" (crazy title, thought up by Eric Bogosian, so you can't turn that down.)
It was very challenging. The night of the table read, Matt Penn, the director, said the ending isn't quite there yet, so just re-write. The actor who's playing the lead, a lovely woman named Amy Von Nostrand, came to my room at the inn and we talked through the play until midnight. And then the following day I sat at the computer and worked on a new ending. It's not quite there yet, but it's getting closer. One of the best things about theater is that the play can keep on evolving.
Then I raced home last night in time to be here today for the tech rehearsal of my solo show and I got to see my dear friend, Jake Lipman's show tonight too. "Up a River and Down the Aisle." She was fantastic.
Tomorrow I go back up to Great Barrington (which is quite gorgeous, by the way) for the reading. I am prepared for a talk back afterward which will probably be difficult - it usually is. People like to put in their two cents and it's not always flattering. But I feel that I have to be there, not only because I have a chance to see the play in front of an audience, but because I really like the actors and want to be there to support them. I know we'll get laughs and I hope it works as a staged reading. I cringe a lot at things I would like to completely re-write, but at this point, I don't have the chance.
Zoe's flying in tonight from San Francisco and we will probably just miss each other tomorrow morning as I race to Grand Central. I have to say this is very very stressful, but in a good way. It's amazing that it's all happening in one week.


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Web ID: 3286358
Cobble Hill Classic Archie Puzzle - 1000 Pieces
Cobble Hill Classic Archie Puzzle - 1000 Pieces
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subset: commoncrawl


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- South Korean President Moon Jae-in said that President Donald Trump "did a lot" to help facilitate the bilateral talks with North Korea.
- Moon, who grinned during his response, amused other reporters in the room.
South Korean President Moon Jae-in attributed the recent warming relations between his country and North Korea to the US President Donald Trump during a New Year's press conference at the Presidential Blue House on Wednesday.
Asked by a reporter whether Trump deserved credit for helping to facilitate the talks – the first dialogue between North and South Korea in over two years – Moon grinned and said that he believed the US president "did a lot" and said that he wanted to "convey his thanks."
Moon's comments about Trump's role, which drew some laughter from several reporters in the room, have raised eyebrows in the US and elsewhere, given Trump's history of inflammatory tweets and statements on the two Koreas. Trump has previously made several disparaging statements about the North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un. More recently, Trump threatened the North with "fire and fury" and later floated the possibility of negotiations.
For now, Trump appears to approve of the bilateral talks between the two Koreas and suggested that the US would also be open to the possibility.
Trump said on Saturday: "Sure, I always believe in talking, but we have a very firm stance. Look, our stance, you know what it is. We're very firm. But I would be, absolutely I would do that. I don't have a problem with that at all."
"[Kim] knows I'm not messing around," Trump continued. "I'm not messing around. Not even a little bit. Not even 1%. He understands that. At the same time, if we can come up with a very peaceful and very good solution, we're working on it … with a lot of people."
Moon, who said that US-led sanctions against North Korea may have played a role in advancing the talks, also made a point to emphasise his commitment to a denuclearized North Korea: "The denuclearization of the Korean peninsula the two Koreas agreed upon jointly [in the past] is our basic stance that will never be given up," Moon said, according to Reuters.
The press conference, which was open to many news outlets, featured questions in both Korean and English, and played out much differently from White House press briefings, which have been particularly terse under the Trump administration.
Moon answered questions for over an hour with reporters, promising to continue the briefings and meet with reporters.
"I apologise for not getting to all of your questions," Moon said at the end of the briefing. "If there is another chance like this, those who couldn't ask questions today will be given another chance."
Moon's briefing comes amid the the watershed negotiations with a North Korean delegation ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics held in South Korea in February. North Korea has since agreed to send a delegation of athletes and officials to the games.
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Here is the Dhammu Release date poster.
Dammu release date poster!
Young tiger Jr NTR,Trisha and Karthika starrer film Dhammu is ready to hit the silver screens worldwide on April 27th in a grand manner.The movie is also releasing in Tamil language.Dhammu is directed by Boyapati Sreenu and MM Keeravani has composed the music.


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Peggys Cove
Sue: 07748 971331
Dive Pembrokeshire UK
RYA Powerboat Courses Levels 1 & 2
All RYA courses are run by Adventure Powerboating from Neyland Marina
Pembrokeshire National Park
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For local weather forecast found on facebook link below.
Nov 20th / 21st 3 places
Dec 1st / 2nd 3 places
Courses run on dates to suit, contact Len on 07545 967180 / Sue 07748 971331
Next courses
Run to demand - give us a call
Email for more details at email@example.com


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Anokhi, a store that specialises in cotton clothing, is well-known for its delicately designed hand-made garments.
Driven by traditional principles and modern techniques, Anokhi's designs and cuts are absolutely unique; living upto its true meaning. Their collection is called a 'story'.
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Their colourful range of garments, accessories and home textiles blend the contemporary sensibilities with traditions of excellence.
There is a sense of calmness and simplicity in their ranges that makes shopping a delightful experience!
Truly extraordinary!


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5 Simple Techniques For khloe kardashian thighsThe actor and his wife shared the news this week, posing together with her new little one bump inside a adorable photoshoot
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Canberra - Breastfeeding Multiples Class
Australian Breastfeeding Association ACT/NSW Branch
Saturday, 11 August 2018 from 1:00 pm to 4:30 pm (AEST)
Event Details
Our class
If you are expecting twins, triplets or more — congratulations! You are about to join a very special group of Australian families.
Women who are expecting more than one baby can feel many different emotions, often all at the same time! You may feel joy that you will be welcoming more than one baby to your family, but you may also be worried about how your pregnancy and birth will go, and how you will cope caring for your babies once you get them home. You may be wondering how you will feed your babies and if it is even possible to breastfeed more than one baby.
The good news is that it is not only possible, but many women before you have succeeded in breastfeeding multiple babies. We have drawn on their experience to create our special 'Breastfeeding Multiples' class.
In our Breastfeeding Multiples class you will learn about:
- How breastfeeding works
- Positions for feeding two babies at once
- Overcoming challenges
- Managing the early weeks with your babies.
You will have an opportunity to speak with other mothers who have successfully breastfed multiples. Plus, we will send you home with complimentary handouts and a $10 gift voucher to spend in the Australian Breastfeeding Association shop. Our shop is where you can purchase our booklets that go into greater detail on specific breastfeeding topics.
What parents say about our classes
'The presenters were very knowledgeable, friendly and approachable. Answered questions very well and instilled confidence in me.'
'Friendly, knowledgeable presenters. Respectful, friendly and open discussion. Lots of opportunity to ask questions.'
Becoming a member of the Australian Breastfeeding Association
Our classes are exclusive to new or existing Australian Breastfeeding Association members. A 1-year membership costs $70 ($55 concession) which must be paid directly to the Australian Breastfeeding Association, while the class fee ($20) is paid through Eventbrite.
A 1-year membership includes:
- The book Breastfeeding ... naturally, valued at $35.00
- Introduction to your local ABA network of discussions and other services for pregnant and new parents
- A 1-year subscription to the Australian Breastfeeding Association magazine Essence
- 50% discount on breast pump hire rates.
If you are not yet a member please join prior to booking at:
CARMBA Members
Thanks to support from the ACT Government under the ACT Health Promotions Grants Program the $20 class fee will be waived for Canberra and Region Multiple Birth Association (CARMBA) members.
To join CARMBA please go here: http://www.carmba.org.au/membership
CARMBA will send you a code to use on our booking site.
When & Where
SHOUT Community room
Pearce Community Centre
Collett Place
Saturday, 11 August 2018 from 1:00 pm to 4:30 pm (AEST)
Add to my calendar
Australian Breastfeeding Association ACT/NSW Branch
The Australian Breastfeeding Association is Australia's leading authority on breastfeeding, we support, educate and advocate for a breastfeeding inclusive society.


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On Sunday, March 4 at 3 p.m., the Ladies Musical Club of Seattle (LMC) initiates a collaboration with the City of Burien with a program of Music of Spain and South America at Burien's Merrill Gardens.
Ladies Musical Club of Seattle was founded in 1891 by a group of 24 women musicians. Its original mission was to foster an appreciation of classical music in the cultural life of a city that was just starting to find its identity. For more than a century, the LMC members presented a stellar International Artist Series whose make up is literally a Who's Who list of classical music artist luminaries of the 20th century such as: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Fritz Kreisler, Ascham Heifetz, Marian Anderson, Kirsten Flagstad, Artur Rubinstein, Vladimir Horowitz, Marilyn Horne, Alicia de Larrocha, Nadja Salerno-Sonnenberg, Joshua Bell, and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, the New York Symphony Orchestra, and the London Chamber Orchestra, to name a few. See the entire list. Although no longer presenting international artists, LMC continues to foster classical music in the community through education, performance and competition awards. MOHAI houses LMC's historical archives.
More info at http://lmcseattle.org.
Co-sponsored by the City of Burien
El Simpatico Tango for Clarinet and Bassoon by Carlos Posadas (1874-1918) arr. John Gibson
Julie Shankland, clarinet and Eric Shankland (guest artist), bassoon
Milonga del ángel by Astor Piazzolla (1921-1992)
Adiós Nonino "Tango Rhapsody"
Joyce Gibb, piano
from Siete canciones populares by Manuel de Falla (1876-1946)
"Cancion" (Song)
"Nana" (Lullaby)
"Jota" (Aragonese dance)
"Aranjuez, Ma Pensee" from Concierto de Aranjuez by Joaquin Rodrigo (1901-1999)
"Junto al Generalife"
Diane Althaus, soprano and Lucas Victor (guest artist), guitar
Suite populaire espagnole, arranged from "Siete Canciones populares españolas" Manuel de Falla (1876-1946)
Arranged for cello and piano by Maurice Maréchal (1892-1964)
- El Paño moruno
- Nana
- Cancion
- Polo
- Asturiana
- Jota
Ericka Pierson, cello and Annie Center, piano
Anda, Jaleo (Come on, Jaleo) by Federico Garcia Lorca (1898-1936)
Zorongo by Federico Garcia Lorca
Tres Morillas (Three Moorish girls) by Fernando Obradors (1897-1945)
El Vito (The Vito*) by Fernando Obradors
"Carceleras"(Jailers) from Las hijas del Zebedeo (The daughters of Zebedee) by Ruperto Chapí (1851-1909)
*The Vito is a dance from Andalusia in southern Spain.
Clarice Warrick, soprano and Joan Lundquist, piano
Tonadillas al estilo antiguo, H136 by Enrique Granados
"La maja dolorosa" (The sorrowful woman)
"El mirar de la maja" (The gaze of the beloved)
Diane Althaus, soprano and Lucas Victor (guest artist), guitar
Escenes de l'exili (Scenes from Exile) by Enrique Granados
Canto gitano (Gypsy song) by Enrique Granados
Elegia eterna (Eternal elegy) by Enrique Granados
Clarice Warrick, soprano and Joan Lundquist, piano
"Oriental" from Danzas españolas by Enrique Granados (1867-1916)
Ericka Pierson, cello and Annie Center, piano
Poema en forma de canciones, Op.19 by Joaquín Turina (1882-1949)
- Dedicatoria (Dedication)
- Nunca olvida (You never forget)
- Cantares (Songs)
- Los dos miedos (Two fears)
- Las locas por amor (Crazy for love)
Gwen Trussler, mezzo-soprano; Joan Lundquist, piano
Diane Althaus has explored many arenas of music, classical to sacred, Bach to Dvorak to Gershwin. She has organized opera ensembles, sung in a concert series titled Classy to Sassy, sung leading roles with the Fat Chance Opera company for several seasons and performed Rachmaninov songs at the Russian Community Center. She thoroughly enjoys her musical adventures and tries to entice a younger generation who may not have heard live classical vocal music into wanting to hear more.
Equally at home with viola and piano, Annie Center enjoys an international career as a soloist, chamber, and orchestral musician. She has performed as piano soloist with the San Francisco Symphony, the Hong Kong Philharmonic, and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra. As violist, she has performed at the Marlboro, Ravinia, Olympic, Utah, Prague, Red Rocks, and Music In The Mountains Festivals. She has also performed with members of the Juilliard, Guarneri, Emerson, Cleveland, Philadelphia string quartets. Annie holds degrees from the Peabody Conservatory and San Francisco Conservatory. Her major teachers include Robert Schultz, Paul Hersh, Isadore Tinkelman, Robert Weirich, and Paul Coletti. While she lived in Arizona, she was the pianist of the Concorda Trio with her cellist husband, Michael Center and violinist Dana Pasley.
Joyce Gibb was born in Sri Lanka and started her early piano studies with the admired, but feared music critic Elmer DeHaan. After surviving his rigorous training, she moved to London for further studies with Swiss pianist Albert Ferber whose teachers included Rachmaninoff. Studying both piano and cello, she was awarded a gold medal for performance by the Royal Schools of Music. Now a Seattle resident, Joyce teaches and performs regularly and has been the concerto soloist with the Cascade Symphony, Seattle Philharmonic, Rainier Symphony, Port Angeles, Thalia, and Philharmonia Northwest Orchestras. Her performances have included concertos by Beethoven, Poulenc, Grieg, Addinsell, and Chopin and the 1st and 2nd piano concertos by Rachmaninoff.
Joan Lundquist has served as a collaborative pianist for Seattle area musicians and organizations for 30 years. Since moving to the area from Humboldt State University in northern California, where she was staff accompanist, Joan has worked with the Northwest Boychoir, Seattle Choral Company, has taught at Seattle University and Northwest University, and has worked with several area private music teachers. Currently, Ms. Lundquist is the Director of Music at Immanuel Lutheran Church in downtown Seattle and rehearsal accompanist for the Seattle Choral Company.
Erika Pierson grew up in the Seattle area, beginning cello at age 7. She earned her Bachelor's Degree in Cello from Indiana University and her Master's Degree in Performance from University of Michigan. Between her degrees Erika studied in Berlin, at the Hochschule der Kunste, and privately in London, England under Eileen Croxford. Erika has given solo recitals in England, including a solo performance at St Martin in the Fields, London, in Germany, Spain, and in the United States. She has performed as featured soloist with orchestras in Berlin, Ann Arbor, and Everett, WA. Currently, Erika performs regularly as the cellist in Bella Sala String Quartet, NOCCO Chamber Orchestra, and freelances and teaches in the Seattle area.
Eric Shankland (guest artist) has been playing bassoon since age 15. He played in the NCR band and the Youth Philharmonic in Dayton, Ohio. He studied with Arthur Grossman and played in the University Symphony at the University of Washington, and currently studies with Paul Rafanelli of the Seattle Symphony. He was principal bassoon in the Eastside Symphony (Redmond) for fifteen years. Eric is a research scientist at the University of Washington.
Julie Shankland has played clarinet since marching band in the Ohio snow. Since moving to Washington, Julie has played in the UW Concert Band, Eastside Symphony, West Seattle Community Orchestras, Rain City Symphony, and various chamber music camps. Julie is an adult student of Jennifer Nelson and recently learned to play bass clarinet. Julie works in the Office of General Counsel at the Washington State Bar Association.
Gwen Trussler, mezzo-soprano, holds Performance degrees from Florida State University (BM/MM) as well as ARRT Certification in Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. She has appeared with Tacoma Musical Playhouse, Heavier Than Air Theatre, Evergreen Performers, TMP Family Theater, Amici Opera, Operesque, South Georgia Opera, and Florida State Opera. A Wagner enthusiast, she was chosen to perform in the inaugural year of the Baldwin-Wallace Wagner Intensive where she coached with Jane Eaglen, Timothy Mussard, and Nancy Maultsby. Gwen works with MultiCare and Franciscan Health as an MRI Technologist and is also a Voice Over artist specializing in audiobook narration.
Lucas Victor (guest artist) is a guitarist who has been praised for his musicality, unique phrasing and inspiring playing. He studies in the studio of guitarist Michael Partington at the University of Washington. In 2017, Lucas was a finalist in the Adult Solo Guitar Competition at the Northwest Guitar Festival in Portland, Oregon, which is a competition open to the Northwestern U.S. and Western Canada. At the UW, he has been honored to be a recipient of the John Tripp Endowed Fund for Student Support, and the Helen A. Reynolds Endowed Scholarship in Music. Lucas also performs with the UW Guitar Ensemble. As a youth, Lucas studied several years with Jason Williams at the Rosewood Guitar studio in Seattle. During that time, he was a finalist twice in the Youth Solo Guitar Competition of the Northwest Guitar Festivals held in Idaho, and in Washington. Before studying with Jason Williams, he also had instruction from guitarists Mary Lord, Ken Elia, and others. Lucas also performed and recorded with Mark Wilson's Guitar Orchestra of Seattle. Lucas has been fortunate to have the opportunity to perform in guitar master classes for acclaimed musicians David Russell, Ana Vidovic, Stephen Stubbs, Jorge Caballero, Marc Teicholz, Martha Masters, and others. Lucas Victor can be found online at www.domopod.com/guitar
A recent transplant from Chicago, Il, soprano Clarice Warrick received her master's degree in voice performance from the Chicago College of Performing Arts. Past feats this season have included her Orchestra Hall debut as the soloist in the North American premiere of Jacob TV's Mountaintop, First Lady in Die Zauberflöte with Chicago Chamber Opera, and Julia Jellicoe in The Grand Duke. Clarice has sung with the Grant Park Chorus and Chicago Symphony Chorus, is a part of the VOX3 Ensemble, and often gives concerts featuring musical theater, jazz, and opera.
WHAT: Music of Spain and South America
WHEN: Sunday, March 4 at 3:00 p.m.
WHERE: Merrill Gardens at Burien, 15020 5th Ave SW, Burien, WA:


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Diet Doc's prescription hormone diet plans offer dieters the best programs and hCG diet treatments available that help them lose weight fast and rid themselves of embarrassing belly fat.
Escondido, CA -- (SBWIRE) -- 12/14/2013 -- With the holiday season quickly approaching, and visits with family and friends on the horizon, dieters across the country are eager to lose excess belly fat and fat from other hard to reach areas of their body. And, to avoid embarrassing confrontations, most dieters certainly prefer to lose weight fast and not have to explain their belly fat and weight gain to others. Fortunately, Diet Doc's hCG diet programs were designed to do exactly that – help their clients lose weight fast, eliminate embarrassing extra fat and begin leading healthier, happier lives. Thousands of Diet Doc clients who have already started their hCG diet plans have been able to quickly and easily lost weight, with some losing up to almost a pound of excess fat per day.
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The Best Flea Treatment
Many people like keeping pets at home. The most commonly adored pets are dogs and cats. Apart from feeding them properly, we should take care of their hygienic conditions to keep them healthy and happy. If we don't, they can be easily infested by pests such as fleas, ticks and lice. Fleas are very tiny. You can hardly see them with your naked eye. As tiny as they are they can be very irritating and a source of discomfort to your lovely pet. The only time we tend to notice them is once the symptoms start appearing. You can suspect that your pet may be infested with fleas once the symptoms appear. The common symptoms may be scratching and itching feeling that brings about restlessness in a pet. It would be good to understand the flea cycle before we delve into flea treatment options. The life cycle of fleas depends on other larger animals such as humans and pets. That is why they are known as parasites because they depend on their host for survival. Fleas develop from an egg into larval stage. The larva encases itself in a cocoon until it has fully matured into an adult flea. Adult flea emerges from the cocoon and with the powerful legs it jumps to high heights to reach on animal hosts. On attachment to the host, fleas feed on blood it continues to infest more and more. Do go to
this page
to learn more.
You need the best flea treatments to offset the life cycle of the fleas so that they can stop re-infesting the hosts over and over again. Apart from just irritation, flea infestation can put your pet at great risk. Dog fleas, for instance, are capable of harboring worm. If the dog reacts adversely to the proteins found in the saliva of the dog, they can easily develop bad sores which will consequently lead to infection. One of The best flea treatments is Advecta. It can get rid of the existing population of fleas as well as prevent them from re-infesting by basically interfering with the flea lifecycle.
is safe for the dog or cat and human beings as it is formulated not to harm any other organism apart from the target. It is highly recommended by experienced veterinarians. Advecta can kill fleas within a short time and stay potent for long. It is also waterproof. Ensure that you keep your pet clean at all times. The beddings of the pets should also be cleaned to prevent flea infestation. Once you spot any symptoms of flea infestation, be sure to call the veterinarian to identify the problem instantly. Which flea medicine is the best? Watch this video:


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Misee Harris - An Overview
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"It can be as though the associates at my former dental exercise feel that a black one who has built it to accomplishment in a white-dominated subject like dentistry is predicted to show gratitude and humility, and to 'act white,'" expresses a devastated Dr. Harris.
Indicators on Misee Harris Dentist You Should Know
She keeps herself while in the headlines. I feel she is just Bizarre this way. Appears like he's having the opposite black Lady on a "romantic" purchasing spree within the upcoming episode.


text:
Pizza Hut Cashier in Clovis, New Mexico
A.K.A. Customer Maniac! Provides world class service as they welcome each and every customer and make them feel welcome and comfortable from the first visit to every return visit. Handle phone and carry out order processes from ringing in the order to suggestive selling and collecting payment. Cashiers also assists in stocking, cleaning and keep the store safe and enjoyable for the customer.
As a Pizza Hut Cashier you will be expected to maintain the following:
Willing to provide World Class Service!
Maintain a neat, well-groomed appearance.
Knowledge of how to count money.
Able to stand on your feed for periods of 4-6 hours without rest.
Able to read, speak, and write English. (Spanish as a second language is an added bonus.)
Ability to take customer's orders and provide empathy if needed for customer concerns.
Work well in team situations
Must have the ability to sweep, mop, and maintain the dining room for overall guest satisfaction and safety.
Able to stand, stoop, bend and reach and able to lift up to 50 pounds on occasion.


text:
Scope of Journal
Weed Technology is an online peer-reviewed journal. Articles will be considered that address the management of weeds in agricultural, forestry, aquatic, turf, recreational, rights-of-way, and other settings; design, efficacy, and impact of weed control tools; technology for integrated weed management; scholarship in education, extension, and outreach methods and resources; technology and product reports; and regulatory affairs. Consult the Editor for additional information.
Types of Articles
Manuscripts must contain original material constituting logical units of subject matter and must contribute to the advancement of knowledge. Acceptance is made with the understanding that the substance of the manuscript has not been and will not be published elsewhere other than as an abstract, a thesis or dissertation, or as a preliminary report to growers or cooperators. Experimental results should be confirmed by appropriate replication in time or space. Progress reports, non-replicated experiments, and simple observational information are not acceptable. Visual estimates of percentage weed control and of crop injury are acceptable when supported by objective measurements of response.
a. Research Article. Original articles describing research, teaching, extension, industry, consulting, regulation, surveys, and equipment are encouraged. Research articles and nontraditional reports such as surveys and new educational programs from extension and teaching are welcomed.
b. Note. Notes are short original articles on topics that do not meet the criteria for Research Articles, such as descriptions of newly discovered weeds, new research methods or equipment, and some surveys. Articles determined by the Editor to be limited in content and scope, but that make unique contributions, may also be published as Notes rather than full papers.
c. Review. Weed Technology also welcomes review articles that synthesize current information and appeal to a broad audience. Authors should contact the Editor to discuss the proposed review topic. Once received by the journal Editor, the article will be reviewed and edited as a regular submission.
d. Symposium Paper. Proceedings of WSSA and other symposia may be published in Weed Technology, normally within one year of the symposium. Symposium authors must submit their manuscripts promptly for review so papers are published by a predetermined date. An Associate Editor will be assigned to work with the authors on paper submittal.
e. Rapid Communication. Publication of an article containing original research may under exceptional circumstances be expedited. Authors must explain in the cover letter why publication as a Rapid Communication is justified. Acceptance of a manuscript to be processed as a Rapid Communication is the decision of the Editor.
All individuals listed as author or co-authors must meet the following criteria:
- 1. They made substantial contributions to the conception and design of experiments; acquisition of data, and/or analysis and interpretation of the data.
- 2. They drafted the article and/or revised it critically for important intellectual content.
- 3. They approved the final version of the article to be published.
Contributions by individuals who do not meet all the above criteria for authorship should be recognized in the Acknowledgments section. The corresponding author must confirm that the author list is complete, that all co-authors have agreed to be included in the author list, and that all co-authors have read and agreed to submit the manuscript.
Publication Charges
Authors are asked to pay a portion of publication costs. These costs for Weed Technology are currently $80 for the first composed page and $65 per additional page, plus an additional processing charge of $55 per manuscript if none of the authors are WSSA members. Exceptions can be made by the Editor but must be requested when the manuscript is first submitted. There is no additional charge for publishing color figures or images included in the manuscript.
Open Access
Charges to make articles open access are $2,000 for authors who are members of the Weed Science Society of America and $2,500 for non-members. Open Access Weed Technology journal articles are made freely available in perpetuity on Cambridge Core (https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/weed-technology)and on BioOne (www.bioone.org). Authors who opt for open access do not pay regular page charges.
Manuscript Submission
For information on formatting figures and other image files for submission, see https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/authors/journals/journals-artwork-guide.
Manuscript Review
All manuscripts submitted to Weed Technology are screened for plagiarized content using iThenticate software and are reviewed for suitability by the journal Editor before being assigned to an Associate Editor. The Associate Editor coordinates review of the manuscript for content and presentation by two or more anonymous reviewers, and communicates with the corresponding author concerning manuscript revisions. Final acceptance or rejection is the prerogative of the Editor.
Manuscript Style
For a detailed guide, see Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers, 8th ed., Council of Science Editors (2014) http://www.scientificstyleandformat.org.
See also published articles in recent issues of Weed Technology as guides to proper style.
Manuscript Format
Double-space everything, including pages with tables, figure legends, footnotes, and literature citations. Include line numbers in your manuscript: lines should be numbered consecutively throughout the entire document. Indent paragraphs.
Manuscript Sections and Headings
Place each main section heading centered on its own line in bold and capitalize the first letter of all major words. Main section headings will generally be: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Acknowledgments, and References. Omit a summary or conclusion section. Center each main section head two double-spaced lines below the previous section unless otherwise indicated below; use boldface type and capitalize the first letter of major words. Text begins one double-spaced line below each heading.
Begin subsection headings at the left-hand margin: do not indent subheadings or sub-subheadings. Capitalize the first word and each major word following, type in boldface, and end with a period. Begin the first sentence on the same line. If sub-subsection headings are used, begin at the left-hand margin, capitalize the first word and all major words, italicize, and end with a period. Begin the first sentence on the same line. Use fourth-level headings (level following sub-subheadings) sparingly. If used, paragraph indent, capitalize only the first word (and proper nouns that are normally capitalized), italicize, and end with a period. Begin the first sentence on the same line. Avoid use of nonspecific headings such as General, Field, Greenhouse, etc.
Manuscript Order
Manuscripts should be in the following order: for running footer, Title (no separate title page), Author(s), Abstract, Nomenclature, Key Words, Introduction (begin on a new page), Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion, Acknowledgments, References (begin on a new page), Tables (begin on a new page), and Figure Legends (begin on a new page). Figures, including photos, should each be a separate file, and not included with the text.
The title page includes a short title for the running footer that is not to exceed 30 characters and spaces. The full title, centered and typed in bold with the first letter of all major words capitalized, should be no more than 200 characters and spaces and should include words useful in computer searches. Use the WSSA-approved common name for weeds followed by the scientific name (without authority) in parentheses. If there is no WSSA-approved common name, use only the scientific name. Use only the common name of crops. Use only common name or code numbers of herbicides.
Place the names of the authors with first initials only capitalized, and with "and" before the last author centered two lines below the title. Provide the full name of each author (first, middle initial [optional], and last) and include a numbered superscript for each author. In the footnote, give the affiliation(s) of the authors and full institutional job titles at the time the study was conducted, followed by the institutional address(es). Spell out names of institutions in full. Inclusion of current addresses (if different) is optional, and they should be listed at the end. Addresses of U.S. authors should include the two-letter postal abbreviation for the state and the ZIP code. E-mail and full mailing address of the corresponding author should be included. ORCID numbers are encouraged (https://orcid.org) and can be included parenthetically after the job title.
- An example of an author listing and address footnote follows:
- Vipan Kumar,1 Joel Felix,2 Don Morishita,3 and Prashant Jha4
1Postdoctoral Research Associate, Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT, USA; 2Associate Professor, Oregon State University, Malheur Agricultural Experiment Station, Ontario, OR, USA; 3Professor, University of Idaho, Kimberly Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID, USA; and 4Associate Professor, Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT, USA.
Author for correspondence: Prashant Jha, Associate Professor, Montana State University, Southern Agricultural Research Center, 748 Railroad Highway, Huntley, MT 59037. (E-mail: email@example.com)
Place the abstract on the same page as the title and authors. The text of the abstract should not exceed 300 words. It must be written as a single paragraph and should provide an objective and informative digest of the significant content of the paper, not simply a description of the contents. Representative quantitative data from the results often make the abstract more informative. Use only common names in the body of the abstract for herbicides, plants, animals, and microorganisms. Do not include tables, graphs, long lists of names, references to literature, or footnotes. At the first mention of the herbicide rate, express the rate either on the acid equivalent (ae) basis or active ingredient (ai) basis. Omit trade names for herbicides, other pesticides, and surfactants or other adjuvants in the abstract.
Immediately after the abstract, type "Nomenclature" followed by a colon and use boldface type. Then repeat each common name appearing in the title and abstract. Only include weeds and crops in the Nomenclature that are mentioned in the Abstract. For herbicides, use ISO-approved common names or other designations. Give full chemical names for herbicides, other pesticides, or safeners that have no ISO-approved common names. For plants use the common name followed by the Latin binomial and classifier; Bayer codes may be included for weeds, but are not required. For other organisms, use the common name followed by the binomial and the authority. The preferred order is herbicides, weeds, and crops, alphabetized within each group.
Example: Nomenclature: Glyphosate; 2,4-D; cheat, Bromus secalinus L. BROSE; wild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFA; corn, Zea mays L. Note the use of commas and semicolons. A database of WSSA approved common and Latin names of common weed species, including Bayer codes, can be found at http://wssa.net/weed/composite-list-of-weeds/. A list of ISO-approved common and chemical names of herbicides is available at the Compendium of Common Pesticide Names:(http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html).
Key Words
Immediately after the nomenclature, type the phrase "Key words" at the left margin. Use boldface type, followed by a colon. List words, word pairs, or phrases (usually not more than five words) not included in the title or nomenclature that further describe the content of the manuscript. List only specific words or phrases that will be useful in indexes and literature database searches. Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of this list, except for proper names. Place a comma after each word or phrase and a period after the last word.
Begin the introduction on a new page.
Materials and Method
Sources of the material should be shown in parentheses following the first mention. Provide a brief description of the item, model number (if applicable), and the source. The company's address (full mailing address or just city and state/country) may also be included, although it is not required. For example: "During a single year, large plots were treated with glyphosate (Roundup WeatherMax®, 540 g ai L-1, Monsanto Canada, 900 One Research Road, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 6E3)." Commercially available software packages (e.g., SAS/STAT) should be cited in this way and not in the references. Freely available software described in the peer-reviewed literature (e.g., R) should be referenced by citing the relevant article in the text and in the references section.
In cases where five or more herbicides are mentioned, they should be listed in a table providing the following details: herbicide common and trade names; herbicide formulation (if necessary); herbicide rate(s) in active ingredient or acid equivalent; name of respective herbicide manufacturer; and herbicide manufacturer city, state, and website. Long herbicide treatment lists in the text are discouraged; herbicide treatments and rates will be easily discerned in the table. Use one sentence in the Materials and Methods and/or other appropriate locations within the manuscript to refer readers to the table. Likewise, when it is necessary to describe more than one experiment with five or more herbicides, the information can be listed in the same table or in an additional table.
Authors are encouraged to include latitude and longitude coordinates for field locations. After each location name they should specify the coordinates in parentheses: e.g., "Vegetable Crop Research Farm in Champaign, Illinois (40.08°N, 88.26°W)."
Results and Discussion
These are combined as one section. A separate concluding section is not required, but authors may wish to conclude the Results and Discussion section with an untitled summary.
WSSA requires that authors disclose sources of all funding received to support the research described in the manuscript. Funding sources should be appropriately described and recognized in the Acknowledgements section, accompanied by declaration of any potential conflicts of interest. If no conflicts of interest are noted, then the following statement should be included: "No conflicts of interest have been declared." Where no specific funding has been provided for research, please provide the following statement: "This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors." Acknowledgement of individuals who contributed to the research, but who do not meet the criteria for authorship listed above in the Authorship section, is at the discretion of the authors. Consult a recent issue of Weed Technology for examples.
Beginning on a separate page, type "References" in bold, centered. Begin the first entry two lines below the heading. The first line of each entry should be flush left; subsequent lines should be paragraph indented. Double-space the entire section (with no extra spaces between entries). List citations alphabetically by author. Each citation should include the names of all authors, year of publication, complete title, publication, volume number, and inclusive pages, in that sequence. Journal names should be abbreviated as shown in the most recent issue of BIOSIS Serial Sources, published by Biological Abstracts, Inc., and recent issues of Weed Technology. Initials should follow the last name of each author, with no comma after the last name and no periods or spaces between initials. For references to a specific portion of a book or similar publication, cite those pages rather than the total pages of the book. See example below.
Unpublished texts are not permitted in the References section. Please cite submitted or unpublished articles parenthetically in the text as personal communications: e.g., (KM Novosel, personal communication). Theses and dissertations may appear in References. Do not cite or footnote abstracts more than 3 years old unless the information contained is of vital importance and has not been reported elsewhere.
Citation examples:
Pline WA, Wilcut JW, Duke SO, Edmisten KL, Wells RFP (2007) Tolerance and accumulation of shikimic acid in response to glyphosate applications in glyphosate-resistant and nonglyphosate-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Agric Food Chem 50:506–512
Wardell DA, Parkinson D (1990) Influence of the herbicide glyphosate on soil microbial community structure. Plant Soil 21:187–204
Citation of material published online, including articles published online but not yet assigned to a journal issue, should include the DOI (digital object identifier). Citations from online journals should also include volume and page numbers if available. Example: Clouse JW, Adhikary D, Page JT, Ramaraj T, Deyholos MK, Udall JA, Fairbanks DJ, Jellen EN, Maughan PJ (2016) The amaranth genome: genome, transcriptome, and physical map assembly. Plant Genome 9, 10.3835/plantgenome2015.07.0062.
Ahrens WH, ed (1994) Herbicide Handbook. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. Pp 224–226
Kyle DJ, Osmond CB, Arntzen CJ, eds (1987) Photoinhibition. 4th edn, Volume 2. New York: Elsevier. 315 p
Wiese AF, Kyle, DJ (1985) Weed Control in Limited Tillage Systems. 2nd edn. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America. Pp 78–96
Article in book:
Baver LD, Gardner WH (1972) Flow in stratified soil systems. Pages 343–345 in Baver LD, ed. Soil Physics. New York: Academic Press
Frankland B (1981) Germination in shade. Pages 187–204 in Smith HL,Taylor GHM, eds. Plants and the Daylight Spectrum. London: Academic Press
Forcella F, Buhler DD (1994) Dynamic environmental regulation of secondary dormancy in summer annual weeds. Pages 3–7 in Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Plant Dormancy. Corvallis, OR: Weed Science Society of America
Report or government publication:
Taylor AG (1992) Pre-compliance Date Testing for Pesticides in Illinois' Surface Water Supplies. Springfield, IL: State of Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Rep 026. 6 p
[USDA] US Department of Agriculture (1994) Kentucky Agricultural Statistics 1993– 1994. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, p 101
Anonymous (1995) 1994–1995 Nebraska Agricultural Statistics. Nebraska Agricultural Statistics Service. 164 p
Thesis or dissertation:
Nieto-Hatem J (1963) Seed Dormancy in Setaria lutescens. Ph.D dissertation. Ames, IA: Iowa State University. 81 p
Harred JF, inventor; Dow Chemical Company, assignee (1972) April 4. Epoxidation process. US patent 3,654,317
Package labels and inserts:
Anonymous (1996) Assure® II herbicide product label. DuPont Publication No. H-59334. Wilmington, DE: DuPont. 9 p
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (1999) Market and Industry Services Branch, Horticulture and Special Crops Division. http://www.Agr.ca/misb/spcrops/bean_e.html. Accessed: January 29, 2001
Anonymous (2001) Project Summary Comparative Genomics of Domestication Traits in Lettuce and Sunflower. http://veghome.ucdavis.edu/faculty/michelmore/projectsummary.htm. Accessed August 23, 2001
In-Text Citations. Literature citations in the text should use the author and year system. Literature citations should be enclosed in parentheses. Authors are directed to consult the CSE Manual. A brief summary of the citation method is shown below. Entries are in alphabetical, then chronological order.
One author: Jones (1995) or (Jones 1995)
Two authors: James and Smith (1994) or (James and Smith 1994)
Three or more authors: Jones et al. (1994) or (Jones et al. 1994)
Two or more citations: James and Smith (1994), Jones (1995) or (James and Smith 1994; Jones 1995)
Multiple citations by one author: Jones (1989, 1994a, 1994b) or (Jones 1989, 1994a, 1994b)
Multiple citations by different authors: (James and Smith 1989; Jones et al. 1993; Smith 1991)
No comma is required to separate name and year, but multiple citations by the same author should be separated by commas as shown above. Multiple citations by different authors are separated by a semicolon. When referring to the authors of a paper with more than two authors, use the first author's name, followed by et al. Unpublished data and personal communications are cited parenthetically in the text using this form: (JTC Renner, unpublished data) and (KM Novosel, personal communication). All citations must be listed in the References (except unpublished data and personal communications), and all listed references must be cited.
Type each table on a separate page following the References section. First reference to tables included primarily to present results should be in the Results and Discussion section, and tables should be numbered with Arabic numerals in the sequence of first reference in the text. Begin at the left margin with the word "Table" and its associated number followed by a period. Begin the title on the same line. Use the full scientific name (without authority) for weeds and other non-crop species in the table title. Do not indent after the first line, double-space everything, and leave a space between values and letters used to indicate significant differences. Redefine all abbreviations used in the table, even if the definition has already been given in the text. All text within each table should be in lowercase letters, except for the first word of a phrase or sentence, proper nouns that should have initial capitals, and Bayer codes. Column headings should relate to data or information in the body of the table, not just to other information in column headings, as in this example (note separation of thousands by a comma):
Avoid the use of exponents in column headings. If a weed name must be abbreviated in column headings, use only the Bayer code. When reporting data for a number of years or locations, group the data in adjacent columns under each factor measured. This facilitates comparison for repeatability of responses. The unit of measurement for a column of figures should be abbreviated and placed at the top of the column. Do not place the unit of measurement in parentheses. Footnotes to tables should be designated with superscript lowercase letters at the highest appropriate level within the table, except probability values, which should use asterisks. For sample layouts, see published tables in a recent issue of Weed Technology.
Experimental data may be presented in graphic or tabular form, but the same data will not be published in both forms. Data points should be included with plotted curves. Equations must be given with predicted curves or in figure legends. Legends for the axes of graphs must follow the "Parameter (unit)" format; e.g., Time (h). Capitalize only the first word of each axis label. If an explanation of symbols is required, include the key in the figure. Scale bars included in photomicrographs should be placed directly on the image.
Number all figures, including photographs, consecutively with arabic numerals in the sequence of first reference in the text. Figures should be cited in the text as Figure 1, Figure 2, etc. Type the list of figure legends on a separate page. Begin the legend at the left margin, type the word "Figure" and its number, and place a period after it. Begin the first sentence on the same line. Do not indent after the first line. Double-space everything. Do not give the scientific name of a weed or crop if it has already been given in the text. Redefine all abbreviations used in the figure even if the definition has already been given in the text.
For details of image formatting and acceptable file types, see https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/authors/journals/journals-artwork-guide.
Supplementary Material. Additional material too extensive for publication in a journal issue can be submitted as supplementary material to be available online. This material may include (but is not limited to) data, tables, figures, appendices, video, or program code. Supplemental files can be uploaded in Editorial Manager along with the manuscript and should be no larger than 5 megabytes in order to assure accessibility to readers.
Detailed Instructions
Abbreviations. Acceptable abbreviations for frequently used terms or phrases that need not be defined:
acid equivalent
active ingredient
analysis of variance
cation exchange capacity
|deoxyribonucleic acid
g (italics)
acceleration due to gravity
dose lethal to 50% of test organisms
least significant difference
not significant
preplant incorporated
parts per million by volume
parts per million by weight
revolutions per minute
ribonucleic acid
standard deviation
standard error
single nucleotide polymorphism
Other abbreviations should be introduced in parentheses immediately after the first use of the term: e.g., days after treatment (DAT), thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Avoid excessive use of acronyms.
Adjuvant Names. Consult Young B, F Whitford and J Matthews (2016) Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, 13th ed. (available at https://edustore.purdue.edu) for correct terminology. Otherwise, use the most complete chemical description of the adjuvant.
Enzymes. Use the nomenclature and numbering system recommended by the Committee on Nomenclature and Classification of Enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry (http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/).
Equations. Center display equations on a separate line, number sequentially starting with 1, and place the number in square brackets at the right-hand margin. Example:
Y= mx + b[1]
Equations must be included in figures with predicted curves or put in the figure legend. Refer to equations in the text, tables, or figures by number: Equation 1 or (Equation 1).
Herbicide and other Pesticide Names. At the first mention in the text of a herbicide or other pesticide, give its common name or other designation. A list of ISO-approved common and chemical names of herbicides is available at the Compendium of Common Pesticide Names (http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/index.html). The full chemical name is required for any herbicide, other pesticide, growth regulator, or safener that does not have an ISO-approved common name. A chemical referred to by a code designation must be followed by its full chemical name enclosed by parentheses, brackets, or braces, unless already included in "Nomenclature." Use only the common name or other designation thereafter. Do not repeat in the text chemical names that have been given in "Nomenclature." If the particular commercial formulation of a herbicide used affects results, identify the formulation in parentheses.
When the common name of the herbicide refers to the parent acid, the salt or ester portion of the active ingredient should be identified at first mention. Example: the methyl ester of diclofop or the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate. Use the approved common name in the remainder of the paper unless there is a need to distinguish between the active ingredient and the parent acid in the text. In such cases, a modifier can be added to the common name (e.g., 2,4-D-amine), and can be used in the text to identify the active ingredient. Recent issues of Weed Technology can be used to determine appropriate modifiers. When rates of acid herbicides are expressed as weight per volume or weight per area, indicate at first mention whether weight refers to the acid equivalent (ae) or the active ingredient (ai), (kg ae ha-1 or kg ai ha-1).
Measurements and Units. Use exponents rather than a slash (/) or dot (·) in reporting units of measure. e.g., kg ha-1 and µmol m–2 s-1, not kg/ha or µmol · m–2 · s -1. Report all measurements in SI units or SI-derived units (see CSE Manual). Do not use quintals or metric tons. Describe lighting conditions as irradiance (W m-2) of photosynthetically active radiation or as photosynthetic photon flux density (µmol m–2 s-1). Leave a space between units in a series. Use nanometers (nm) to designate wavelength, and give spectrophotometric readings in absorbance units (A) rather than optical density (OD). In laboratory studies, express concentration of acids and bases in normality (N) and of herbicide and salt solutions in molarity (M) rather than ppm. Express pressure in kPa (kilopascals) rather than kg cm-2 or bars. Express radioactivity in Bq (Bequerels). Use kg rather than Mg (megagrams). Use L or ml rather than cc for measurements of volume. Express the makeup of solid systems as in the following: sand and peat (1:1 by wt). Words are preferred when units of measure are not involved; e.g., use buds per rhizome and tillers per plant. In field or laboratory studies, indicate whether ppm and percentages are on a w/w or v/v basis. Do not use w/v as a ratio. Use only the weight/volume units; e.g., 100 g L-1, rather than 1:9 (w/v). Express the makeup of solvent systems as follows: methyl alcohol, water, and kerosene (1:2:1 by vol).
Numbers. Use Arabic numerals for all numbers with two or more digits and for all measurements such as time, weight, length, area, quantity, concentration, or temperature, with the following exceptions. Spell out a number if it is the first word in a sentence or if it is less than 10 and not a measurement, except in a series in which one number has two or more digits. Do not use a hyphen for the preposition "to" or × for the preposition "by," except in tables and figures. Write 100 by 20 rather than 100×20 and 1 to 3 rather than 1–3. Separate thousands with a comma (1,000, 10,000, 100,000). Omit nonsignificant numbers. Herbicide dosages and injury levels usually are not known more accurately than to the nearest 10%. Yields, enzyme levels, and photosynthetic rates often are not known more accurately than to the nearest 1% (10% of LSD or a similar statistic). Therefore, report a herbicide rate as 0.9 kg ha-1 rather than 0.89 kg ha-1 and a grain yield as 590 kg ha-1) 593 kg ha-1.
Plant and Animal Names. At the first mention in the text of a plant or animal that is not included in the nomenclature, give its common name followed by the approved scientific name enclosed in parentheses or in brackets when parentheses occur within the binomial. Give the genus, species, and author or authors for the binomial. Underline or italicize the genus and species. Enclose the cultivated variety of a crop plant, if known, in single quotation marks at first mention; thereafter, omit the quotation marks. Example: Corn (Zea mays L. 'Dixie 18'), but later Dixie 18 corn or just corn if only one cultivated variety is used. Do not repeat scientific names in the text that have been given in Nomenclature. For cultivar names that are registered trade names, insert the registered trademark (®) after the name. Refer to http://wssa.net/weed/composite-list-of-weeds/for approved scientific names, common names, and Bayer codes of weeds. Bayer codes are optional and should be used only for plant species included in the study; do not use Bayer codes for weeds mentioned only in literature citations. After the first mention, use only common names. Describe animals and microorganisms in the same way at first mention. For the scientific and common names of crops, refer to Important Crops of the World and their Weeds, 2nd ed., 1992 (Business Group, Crop Prot. Bayer AG, Germany), or Standardized Plant Names, 2nd Edition, prepared for the Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants whenever a more recent, authoritative taxonomic reference is not available.
Soil Terminology. Include the soil series with textural classification and the subgroup name, using the terminology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Services publication, Soil Taxonomy, 1988 (U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.). For soils outside the United States, use the local official terminology.
Statistical Analyses. Experimental results should be confirmed by appropriate replication in time or space. Progress reports, nonreplicated experiments, and simple observational information are not acceptable. Data should be analyzed statistically, and results of the analyses should be included in the tables or figures where the data are presented. Authors are encouraged to refer to Onofri et al. (2010) Current statistical issues in Weed Research. Weed Res 50:5−24; and to Ritz et al. (2015) Research methods in weed science: statistics. Weed Sci 63(sp1):166−187.
All estimated values (e.g., model parameters, means, differences) should be presented together with an appropriate measure of variability in text, tables, and graphs. Multiple comparison tests (LSD and Duncan's multiple range) may be used when appropriate, but not on structured data such as quantitative series of treatments (e.g., herbicide rates in stepwise increments) or factorial treatments. The least significant difference (LSD) is appropriate for paired multiple comparison procedures. In quantitative series, the correct procedure is use of regression or other curve-fitting techniques that can be included in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). An assumption with ANOVA is that variances are homogeneous, but this is unlikely for proportions, percentages, or values differing by orders of magnitude. In such cases, transformations of the raw data must be used if ANOVA is to be valid. For regression, R should be used to delineate multivariate coefficient of variation, r for bivariate correlation coefficients, and R2 for the coefficient of determination. Clearly identify all statistical procedures used, including methods of analysis, numbers of replicates and subsamples, transformations used, and statistical tests performed. Give literature citations for statistical analyses.
Trade Names. Use trade names sparingly and only if necessary to describe materials or methods. If a trade name is necessary, use it with the generic name in the text and include, where appropriate, the symbol ®. The capitalized trade name along with the name and address of the manufacturer or supplier, if not widely known, should be shown in parentheses immediately following the first mention. Submissions including five or more herbicides should be listed in a table: see the Materials and Methods section for details.


text:
doesn't seem to take too kindly to legal restrictions. From the Wired Blog Epicenter on August 15, 2008:
Just days after an Italian judge's decision to block ISP access to the major Sweden-based torrent site in Italy, The Pirate Bay is reporting a 5 percent increase in Italian web traffic, according to TorrentFreak.
… If the numbers are true, then as expected, the site has found its own way of successfully circumventing the block. And the press may have unintentionally shown newcomers the way.
So much for attempts to censor the web. At least in this instance…


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Young Girl in Hospital after Dog Attack
A dog attack has seen a young girl admitted to the Warwick Hospital with minor facial injuries.
The ambulance service was called out to the Arnold Street address in Allora yesterday around 4:40PM.
Paramedics transported the child to the Warwick Hospital in a stable condition.


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Ann has graciously agreed to answer a few questions for us:
What is your greatest temptation:
In men: Dark eyes and a sweet smile – a six-pack doesn't hurt (hey, that describes my hubby)
In food: Chocolate and/or nachos
In clothes: Sweaters and jackets – I have way too many
What is your greatest weakness (example: buying shoes)? Books! I can't resist buying books.
If you could have any kind of car, what would it be? I had a Camaro SS. I want another. Of course I also had a Jeep CJ5 that I loved. Nah, I'll go with the Camaro. Speed can blow away depression on a sunny day (if you have the right music and it's loud enough).
Your dream home – mountains or ocean? Both! One for winter, one for summer.
What inspired you to become a writer? My childhood. I had to do something to make sense of it.
Do you have a daily writing routine? If so, please share. I like to write early in the morning before dawn creeps in and brings with it all my daily responsibilities. Darkness, my laptop, and a cup of good coffee, that's my routine.
What is your favorite book? The Crystal Cave or Night Shift
What is your favorite movie? The Terminator or The Bourne series
Who is your favorite historical figure? Abraham Lincoln
In your books, who is your favorite hero and please introduce him? Big John and his dog Turk are the co-heroes of Stutter Creek, my first romantic suspense. However, Woody (the young detective who reappeared later in Copper Lake) and Reece, my main character's soul mate in THE REMAINS IN THE POND, are both blond surfers so it's a really hard choice. Oooh, I left out Chet Boone, the critter catcher who caught our protagonist, Ella, in Lilac Lane. He was a real softhearted hunk. The best kind.
Who is your favorite heroine and please introduce her? Gabi in THE REMAINS IN THE POND is sort of an anti-heroine. She runs away from her problems until she is forced—literally—to face them (when she is arrested for murder). Beth, the heroine in Stutter Creek, also tried to run from her problems. She was quite the whine-bag until it came down to saving the life of a child. That's when she finally dug deep enough within herself to locate her previously-unknown store of courage.
What do you have out now? Excerpt, blurb, book trailers. Here's an excerpt from THE REMAINS IN THE POND
I pulled out of the lot and circled the pond as far as I could go. The gravel road didn't loop around the entire thing, only about three quarters of the way, and then you were forced to turn around in the only remaining wide spot unless you wanted to get out and have a picnic beneath the single stand of oaks tall enough to give good shade.
Of course I didn't need any shade now. And I really didn't want to get out of the car. This seemed too weird. I put the car in reverse and executed a careful turnaround. When my headlights picked out the figure at the edge of the water, I inhaled sharply. It was not what I expected to find.
I rolled down my window. "Rose?" I called. "Is that you?"
A branch cracked, a shadow moved, and panic slid between my ribs like a blade. The figure turned toward my headlights, definitely female. She wore her long hair lose and flowing. Under the moonlight, I couldn't be certain if the woman's hair was red or light brown.
"What are you doing here?" No answer. "Where's Matt?" I tried to keep my voice steady, to show her I wasn't afraid. I put the car in PARK and opened my door tentatively, putting one foot on the ground.
She stared into my headlights, one hand shielding her eyes like a sailor looking for land, and then, like a flash, she ran straight at me. Straight toward my little Honda with the window rolled down. Her hair flew out behind her and it was all so surreal that for a moment, I simply sat there, paralyzed. Then she raised her right hand above her head. In her grip, I caught a glimpse of silver.
New releases anytime soon? I have two YA novels ready for editing. The first one is Book 4 in Stevie-girl and the Phantoms series. The second one is about a girl who paints—and causes a school-wide ruckus because of it.
Where can eager fans find you? Follow me and/or stalk me at the following links. I love chatting with readers.
Facebook: www.facebook.com/annswann.books
Amazon: http://amazon.com/author/annswann
Blog: www.annswann.blogspot.com
Goodreads: http://tinyurl.com/6vuw7vl
Twitter: @ann_swann
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ann-swann
Publisher: http://www.5princebooks.com/annswann.html
Senior prom is the happiest night of Gabi's life. Her crush has just revealed that he is every bit as infatuated with her as she is with him. When he has a car wreck and is transported to the hospital in a coma, Gabi feels as if she's taken a knife to the heart. But his jealous cousin, Rose, sees her chance to give the knife an even harder twist. She convinces Gabi to meet her at a local parking spot outside town. It's a night that will change several lives forever. One of the girls will return, and one will become known as the remains in the pond.
And Wait for it! Another exciting excerpt!
I pushed my glasses up and took a deep breath. "We were in love. I know that's what teenagers always think, but in our case, it was true."
The unsmiling detective simply stared at me and pulled out his little notebook. His burnished head gleamed under the fluorescents.
Why wasn't he writing in that notebook? He just held it, as if he found nothing I said worth noting.
The room grew cold and I began to shiver. Probably some sort of tactic; turning down the temperature to make me uncomfortable. Just like this little waiting game. Waiting me out to make me talk. I'd seen enough crime TV to recognize these schemes. I took a sip of the Diet Coke he'd brought—to make me feel grateful, I suppose—and immediately regretted it because it made me need to burp.
I let the little bubble of gas explode in my closed mouth and began to talk to cover the sound. "We fell in love at prom. We were both with other people. I went with Asa and he brought Rose." I sat up straighter in the hard-backed chair and hoped I'd said enough to placate him.
The detective sat chill, one ankle propped on the opposite knee. I got the impression he wanted to be my best friend.
I don't know why I started talking again. I think it had something to do with the way he looked at me, as if he already knew everything I wanted to tell him, because yes, suddenly I did want to tell him. I'd held onto the truth for too long.
I wanted to tell him everything about that night.
Buy Link: https://www.amazon.com/Remains-Pond-Ann-Swann/dp/1631122037
AUTHOR Bio and Links:
Ann has been a writer since junior high school, but to pay the bills she's waited tables,delivered newspapers, cleaned other people's houses, taught school, and even had a short stint as a secretary in a rock-n-roll radio station. She also worked as a 911 operator and a police dispatcher.
Ann's stories began to win awards in her college days. Since then she's published novels, novellas, and short stories. But even if no one ever bought another book, Ann wouldn't stop writing. For her it's the cathartic pause in a sometimes-crazy world. Most of the time, it even keeps her sane.
GIVEAWAY INFORMATION and RAFFLECOPTER CODE
Ann Swann will be awarding a $10 Amazon/BN GC to a randomly drawn winner via rafflecopter during the tour.


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The Calm Kitchen is a cookery class with a difference. The kitchen can be a place to get grounded and calm your mind and we'll explore how cooking can help you to de-stress in the kitchen.
If you're craving less screen time and more time getting your hands dirty in the kitchen, this is for you.
"Cooking is meditation with the promise of a good meal afterward"
Brunch demo & recipes of dishes served on the day.
Cooking as a mindful practice and to relieve stress.
Introduction to the tools of Intuitive Eating - an anti-diet eating practice with tools to helps you tune into your natural appetite.
"Fun, relaxing and really interesting, I thoroughly enjoyed the course and the company and listening to Joanna's experiences." - guest at The Calm Kitchen


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In most school systems around the world, kids are grouped together by age from pre-school to graduation. However, there are some children (usually the Child Prodigy or Teen Genius) that, for various reasons, have skipped entire years of material. As a result, some characters will be a child in high school classes, or a (younger) teenager at a university. This is convenient for putting a Kid-Appeal Character into the main cast of a work set in school.
While missing a single year often just emphasizes the student's intelligence, widening the gap often causes social differences or difficulties for the characters. Often, the Grade Skipper is one of the most awkward characters on the show when they shows up, especially if they're the protagonist. Some of them wander into Cloud Cuckoolander territory; most are also the Innocent Prodigy. If they're not into their early teens yet, expect them to be the Tagalong Kid that doesn't understand romance or dirty jokes.
Sometimes, one of the more intelligent characters might be skipped ahead as a one-episode plot. Generally, if this happens, either the skipped character will feel isolated enough to rejoin the main cast, or some improbable turn of events will completely undo the process.
Just like Held Back in School, plots involving ridiculous degrees of grade skipping are common. Children under five in high school or college or teenagers with doctorates are some of the most frequent applications of the trope.
If parental meddling was the reason for their skipping, then it's likely that these characters go to a private school or an Elaborate University High. It's common for these characters to continue on to Ivy League schools or top colleges, but it's also fairly common for them to be rejected.
This can also take place in non-academic environments, as long as a young character is placed into a group of traditionally older people due to skill.
Though it may seem unusual, this is often Truth in Television, as this is a fairly common practice in some parts of the world. Fiction usually takes it to extremes, though: children skipped more than two grades ahead are extremely rare; and most of them will not be accepted instantly to a top college, even if they were skipped more than twice, because of the somewhat-arbitrary standards of admission to American universities.
Subtrope of Improbable Age. Contrast reverse phenomenon Held Back in School and Compulsory School Age, when characters don't skip grades even though they logically should.
- Azumanga Daioh. Chiyo Mihama is a Child Prodigy who skipped ahead 5 grades to 10th grade, the first year of high school in Japan.
- In Rosario + Vampire we have Yukari. She's 11 and skipped several grades. Despite this, she is obsessed with having a threesome with Moka and Tskune.
- A non-academic example: Limone from Simoun is the youngest member of Chor Tempest (a squadron of teenage priestesses-turned-fighter pilots) by the virtue of having completed her flight training ahead of everyone else in her class.
- Extra exaggerated in Mahou Sensei Negima! where the teacher is a ten year old teaching fourteen year olds.
- Pani Poni Dash! is exactly the same.
- Multiple characters in Hayate the Combat Butler.
- Clemont from Pokémon is roughly the same age as Ash, yet is shown to have been a part of an electric-type based university where all the other students were adults. He was portrayed as even younger in the flashbacks.
- Power Pack: Katie Power is stated to have skipped several grades in the 2000 miniseries, which takes place a couple of years after the original series and depicts the team as teens.
- A minor character in the Sonic the Hedgehog fic The Promise is a Teen Genius who began university at fourteen. At age eighteen he's since graduated and works on ARK as a scientist.
- Subverted in My Sister Leni. Rita tries to get her Brainy Baby daughter enrolled as a senior in high school, but she is declined because of developmental reasons. Lisa has social issues than can't be developed properly if she went to school amongst teenagers.
- The Iron Giant: During a caffeine-fueled rant, Hogarth complains about being bullied because he skipped a grade and the other kids think he's smarter than they are.
- Hiro from Big Hero 6 has already finished high school by age 14. In the film, he gets applied to college.
- Invoked in Problem Child 2; Junior is skipped ahead to the sixth grade so that Principal Peabody will be rid of him in a year instead of three years.
- In the Gary Coleman Made For TV Movie The Kid With The 200 IQ Coleman plays a 12-year-old who goes to college studying astronomy and has a hard time fitting in.
- In Almost Famous, William's mom lied about his age—not just to the school but to him—to get him ahead in school.
- In Revenge of the Nerds, one of the protagonists is a 10-year-old Child Prodigy who got to skip the remainder of grade school, middle school, and high school to go right to college and pursue an engineering degree.
- Must have happened to Mitch in Real Genius, since he's in college at only 15 years old (when most US students are at about grade 9 or 10, and don't usually start college until they're 18, after completing grade 12).
- Mentioned offhandedly in Ginger Snaps to explain while Brigitte and Ginger are in the same grade, despite being barely fifteen and sixteen respectively; Brigitte skipped a grade ahead.
- The Babysitters Club:
- Charlotte, one of the charges of The Babysitters Club, is skipped from second to third grade in an early book. Unlike most examples, this was done as much for social reasons as for academic ones: Charlotte was bullied in her second grade class for being so much smarter than everyone else. But when she was put into a higher grade with kids who were much closer to her intellectual peers, she didn't stand out so much and had a way easier time making new friends.
- Kristy's little sister, Karen, also skipped a grade early on in the series, but it happened offscreen.
- This happens in the epilogue of Matilda: Matilda's Psychic Powers disappear once she gets put in an advanced class, and are explained as a reaction of her brain having very little to work with.
- Ponyboy from The Outsiders is 14, but he skipped a grade so he's already in high school. When they meet, Cherry is confused about how a kid as smart as him could be a Greaser Delinquent, which offends Ponyboy.
- Arby the Black And Nerdy kid from Michael Crichton's The Lost World (1995) is supposed to be in 5th grade but was bumped up to 7th.
- Fireheart and Graystripe of Warrior Cats, in a manner of speaking. Apprentices usually become warriors in the order they were apprenticed, and an apprenticeship is stated to normally last 6 moons. Fireheart and Graystripe were made warriors before the older Dustpelt and Sandstorm, and if you carefully keep track of every mention of time passing in the book, they were only apprentices for a little over two moons (making them only 7-8 moons old instead of the standard 12-13 moons).
- Cheaper by the Dozen has a chapter titled "Skipping Through School".
- In The Unicorn Club (a spin-off of Sweet Valley High), Grace Oliver has skipped eighth grade.
- In Louis Sachars novel Someday Angeline, eight-year-old "Angeline was put in the sixth grade. They put her there, because, well, they had to put her somewhere and they didnt know where else to put her."
- In Cynthia Voigts Bad Girls series, Hadrian Klenk has skipped kindergarten and second grade.
- The Big Bang Theory:
- In the episode "The Jerusalem Duality", a 15-year-old physicist who defected from North Korea joins the research staff at the university, and turns out to be smarter than Sheldon in the field.
- It's been mentioned numerous times on the show that Sheldon was also much younger than traditional age when he went to college. Apparently he did not go to High School at all - a university in Texas took a strong interest in the boy genius and offered to take him straight away, age eleven-twelve. Sheldon himself remarks that he found the obligatory Spring Break to be somewhat tedious and was glad he got it out of the way - aged thirteen. Hen also completed his first doctorate at the age of 16.
- In Eureka this is apparently pretty commonplace seeing as it's a town full of geniuses. More than one of Zoe's high school classmates appear to be younger than 12.
- In Hannah Montana, Rico got into high school by skipping a couple of grades.
- Liberty on Degrassi supposedly skipped a grade, but this was seemingly retconned out in later seasons.
- Maya Matlin is a 13-year-old high school freshman when first introduced, implying that she's skipped a grade.
- Doogie Howser, M.D. attained his medical license at age 14, having breezed through Princeton University at age 10.
- Charlie and his brother Don on NUMB3RS graduated high school on the same day. Don is five years older than Child Prodigy Charlie.
- Mr. Young: By the time Adam Young was old enough to be a High School student, he was a teacher.
- Just Legal features a lawyer who, because of grade-skipping, couldn't get a job in any big firm because they believed he wouldn't be taken seriously in court. He ends up with a washed-up veteran attorney simply because no one else would take either of them. For bonus points, he's called "Skip" because he skipped so many grades.
- The Nanny: When Niles learned Valerie's age, Fran tried to prevent him from using this to figure out hers by claiming she had skipped a few grades. When it didn't work, Fran said Valerie was Held Back in School. That Niles could believe.
- Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide had Cookie being considered to skip ahead to high school. However, he wanted to go to 8th grade alongside his friends, so he started purposely failing his classes so he wouldn't have to skip. When the guidance counselor confronts him about it, he tells her the truth and she tells him all he had to do was tell her he didn't want to skip.
- The main premise of the series Smart Guy is that TJ goes from the fourth grade to the tenth grade. A lot of the show is him dealing with this.
- On Scorpion, Toby and Sylvester both skipped a few grades when they were in school. Zig-zagged with boy genius, Ralph, who has not skipped any grades yet, but is taking college-level courses at Caltech at the same time he's going to junior high.
- One episode of Lizzie McGuire had the Title Character's friend, Gordo, being skipped from middle to high school. He returns to his old school by the end of the episode due to missing his friends.
- In Power Rangers Turbo, Twelve-year-old Justin is discovered to be a child prodigy, enabling him to enter high school just as his fellow rangers graduate.
- In an episode of Chopped where all the contestants were college students, one of the competitors was a girl who was a senior at the University of Washington in Seattle, and she was only 18 years old (the age most people are when they start college). The girl explained that she skipped a couple grades and started college when she was only 15—so she must have skipped ahead by at least three or four grades, depending on when her birthday is and what age she would've been if she had never skipped any grades.
- In Legends of Tomorrow, Martin Stein reveals to Ray Palmer that he skipped 10th and 11th grade.
- The Inbetweeners has Suzie, who, as we discover after Neil picks her as his date on a charity Blind Date event, is doing her A-Levels four years early.
- The main premise of Ant Farm—"ANT" stands for "Advanced Natural Talents," and it's program in the series that allows gifted middle schoolers (aka, "Child Prodigies") to start high school at a younger-than-average age (in the case of the show's lead character, she ends up starting high school at the age of 11, which is when most kids end up starting middle school).
- In Rex Morgan, M.D., wunderkind and potential megalomaniac villain Sarah Morgan starts at Welton Green School in second grade, apparently on the basis of a single test and just stunning the principal with her awesomeness.
- In The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee, the overachieving Marcy is said to have skipped both fourth and fifth grade.
- Out of The ClueFinders, it's stated in Leslie's bio that she's in the 6th grade, but is only 10 because she skipped a grade. Out of the other ClueFinders, Owen is 11, Joni and Santiago are both 12 and in the 7th grade. None of the games show the characters in school, so it's really only a minor detail.
- It's not said what grades she skipped, but Makise Kurisu from Steins;Gate has a Master's degree at age 18.
- In the prequel comic to Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog, we find out that Dr. Horrible was in sixth grade when he was eight, implying a skip of 2-3 grades. He ends up being picked on by a more normally-aged bully for both being smart and for still playing with action figures.
- In Precocious, Bud's older sister Casey likes to rub in his face that she skipped a grade, and claims that because his (elite) school has a combined fourth and fifth grade class it's like he was held back.
- Ruby Rose in RWBY gets to attend Beacon Academy two years early due to the fact that Professor Ozpin is impressed with Ruby's weapon skills and most likely because she has super rare super powers, but he'd never tell her that. However, she quickly becomes a panicked wreck when she goes to attend due to the fact that she feels way out of her league, being a fifteen year old girl attending a school usually geared for young adults. It's later mentioned that there's a combat test for entering the academy; while most people train for years to be ready, you're allowed to take the test without any prior schooling. Ruby clearly comes in under that loophole, as does Blake (though Blake waited until she was the appropriate age).
- Recess had an episode where Gretchen, who is a Child Prodigy, was set to be evaluated to skip the entire school system process and go right into college—given the kinds of ingenius things she'd done over the course of the series, it isn't implausible in context. Reality Ensues as the thought of leaving the only friends she's ever had and everything she's ever known behind reduces her to a mixture of panic and defeated depression, remembering how lonely she used to be due to her intelligence. TJ comes up with one of his usual schemes to keep this from happening.
- In Hey Arnold!, Phoebe moves up to a higher grade for an episode, but the older students are kind of jerks, and she eventually realizes she'd rather go back to the 4th grade with her friends—and she does.
- The Simpsons:
Principal Skinner: Lisa, you have a choice: you may continue to be challenged in third grade or return to second grade and be merely a big fish in a small pond.Lisa: Big fish! Big fish!
- Lisa Simpson. She's certainly very smart for her age, but only "brilliant" by comparison with Springfield's stupid children and horrible school system. When she gets the opportunity to study at Waverly Hills, an elementary school with actual standards and quality, Lisa finds that she's only a B student, rather than the straight As she got at Springfield Elementary, which traumatizes her. In another episode, she gets to skip to the third grade early, but finds it difficult (made more embarrassing for her because Bart was demoted a grade and found it easy).
- "Lisa's Rival": The titular character is a girl who's a year younger than Lisa and is in the same class as her because of grade-skipping.
- "Future-Drama": It seems Lisa will recover from the trauma of being in the same year as Bart. She'll graduate two years earlier, making her graduate the same year Bart will.
- Anais from The Amazing World of Gumball is only four, but is so intelligent that she's already in the eighth grade, a year higher than her 12-year-old brother, Gumball. Darwin is also in Gumball's class despite being two years younger, but that's not because he's skipped grades (he's not a particularly good student), he apparently just started early.
- The Fairly OddParents!: A.J. got into college in Fairy Idol and said he'd be back in two weeks.
- Dexter's Laboratory:
- Dexter once went to college, where he was actually warmly accepted by his new schoolmates, who's philosophy was "Party now, study later," while Dexter wanted to get a headstart on the schoolwork. His roommate pointed out that Dexter would burn himself out from all the heavy duty studying and said he should party to get it out of his system. By the time Dexter finally proved his schoolmates right, they were the ones wanting to study instead of party. Dexter's attempt to get a party got him expelled from the college and sent back to grade school.
- In an earlier episode, Dexter was considered for grade-skipping but needed to improve his PE-grades. He cheated his way into victory, which ended up making him Dee Dee's classmate.
- Angela Anaconda: Nanette was temporarily moved up as a result of Mrs. Brinks favoring her while grading.
- Kim Possible: Wade's five years younger than Kim and Ron, and according to the first season, he had already finished school up through at least a bachelor's degree by the time he was at least 10. Kim's brothers, Jim and Tim, are also this, and they end starting high school at the age of 12 in the final season.
- Rocket Power:
- Sam's the same age as Otto and Twister, but he's in the same grade as Otto's sister, Regina (or "Reggie"), who's two years older than Otto.
- Oliver van Rossum takes it even further. He is in high school and even helps his biology teacher. However, in later appearances he is attending the same school as the main characters.
- Skeeter from Doug was determined intelligent enough in one episode to be taken out of school and put in college. However, he ended up returning to Bluffington Elementary of his own volition because he didn't like his new classmates, saying they just spent all their time out of class smoking.
- One episode of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius had the Title Character choosing to go straight to college after feeling unchallenged by his school's curriculum. However, once Jimmy gets to the college, he's no longer the smartest kid around (as all his new schoolmates are just as smart as he is) and he ends up being even more hated by his college classmates than he was by his old classmates.
- South Park: In the twelfth episode of the fourth season, Trapper Keeper, Kyle's brother, Ike, is admitted into Kindergarten two years early due to his high intelligence (for his age).
- While the exact grade level he's in is never stated, Rafael from Transformers Prime goes to the Jasper High School with his friends Jack and Miko...while being only 12 (and a quarter) years old.
- In the first season of Young Justice, Dick Grayson's starting 9th-grade at the age of 13, meaning that he skipped ahead by at least one year at some point.
- Gwen Tennyson becomes this in the pilot episode of Ben 10: Omniverse. She finishes high school and starts college at only 16-years-old.
- Sam from Totally Spies! almost became this in the episodes "Spies in Space"—her high school principal informed her that her grades were the best in the history of the school, and offered to have Sam graduate from school as soon as the upcoming week. Although Sam was tempted to finish high school and start college, she ultimately decides to finish high school with her friends.
- Taken Up to Eleven with Lisa Loud from The Loud House. She's only four and has already finished school up through getting a Ph D (a type of doctorate degree), but later episodes show her attending Kindergarten.
- Played straight in the episode "Making the Grade" where Lisa goes to fifth grade, putting her in the same class as Lincoln. She ultimately goes back to kindergarten due to preferring nap time.
- Big Hero 6: The Series:
- The series begins with 14-year old Hiro starting college.
- Prior to Hiro, Karmi was the youngest at the school and doesn't seem more than a year older than him. Due to jealousy she hates Hiro, but loves his superhero form.
- In Captain Sturdy: Back in Action, Cyber Master explains to Captain Sturdy that Cerebro lacks social skills because his high intellect caused him to skip a few grades.