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The total protein test measures the total amount of two classes of proteins found in the fluid portion of your blood. These arealbumin and globulin.
Proteins are important parts of all cells and tissues.
- Albumin helps prevent fluid from leaking out of blood vessels.
- Globulins are an important part of your immune system.
How the test is performed
A blood sample is needed. Most of the time blood is
How to prepare for the test
Many medicines can interfere with blood test results.
- Your health care provider will tell you if you need to stop taking any medicines before you have this test.
- Do not stop or change your medications without talking to your doctor first.
Why the test is performed
This test is often done to diagnose nutritional problems, kidney disease or
If total protein is abnormal, you will need to have more tests will need to be done to look for the exact cause of the problem.
Normal Values
The normal range is 6.0 to 8.3 gm/dL (grams per deciliter).
Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens.
What abnormal results mean
Higher-than-normal levels may be due to:
Chronicinflammation or infection, including HIV and hepatitis B or C Multiple myeloma Waldenstroms disease
Lower-than-normal levels may be due to:
- Bleeding (hemorrhage)
Burns(extensive) Glomerulonephritis Liver disease Malabsorption
- Malnutrition
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Protein-losing enteropathy
Total protein measurement may be increased during pregnancy.
Klein S. Protein-energy malnutrition. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 222.
Landry DW, Bazari H. Approach to the patient with renal disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 116.
Review Date:
Reviewed By:
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, Bethanne Black, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.


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Last month, officials found dogs at the front of the center with no water and some had feces in their cages.
DELAND — Police released reports and video Thursday that detail poor living conditions of more than 100 animals at the rescue center where they were seized last week.
DeLand police officials said they served a search warrant at the Animal Rescue Konsortium at 441 S. Woodland Blvd. on Nov 8 because they received multiple complaints about the living conditions of the animals at the center where 135 cats and dogs were taken, according to the reports.
But the president of the rescue center, Maggi Hall, said Thursday she stands by her statement that the animals were being cared for properly and not neglected or abused.
"To date our vet bill is more than $53,000, so don't tell me we don't care for our animals," Hall said. "We have proof of that."
The vet bills were expenses incurred for the care of animals between Jan. 1 and Oct. 30 of this year, Hall said.
Police said the rescue shelter was inspected in July and operators were told to take corrective measures to improve living conditions for the animals.
Police Deputy Chief Randel Henderson said Thursday the city attorney is considering releasing the names of the people who complained about ARK.
After the first complaint, DeLand Animal Control Officer Michelle Realander visited ARK on July 12. She found an upstairs room with more than 60 cats and minimal litter pans, water and food bowls. She also found feces outside of the pans all over the floor, the report states.
"There were sick cats and too many in that confined area," the animal control officer wrote in her report.
Six cats and three dogs were housed in a basement with no ventilation and some dogs were too large for the crates in which they were kept. After the inspection, Realander told a caretaker what needed to be done and sent a letter to ARK.
On July 24, Realander re-inspected ARK and found that the upstairs room had been cleaned, more litter pans added, the number of cats reduced and larger water and food bowls were in place.
"The only remaining issue would be the dogs housed outside," Realander reported.
At the time, Hall and Julie Beard, the new executive director of ARK, said "they were sorry and unaware of how bad the conditions had gotten at this location," Realander reported.
Hall said that at the time a volunteer was not properly caring for the animals, so she fired the volunteer. She has fired three volunteers in the past for not appropriately caring for the animals, Hall said.
But police said that on Oct. 12, 16 and 19 three more complaints were filed about ARK.
On Oct. 24, Realander returned to ARK at 1:20 p.m. and video recorded what she found, the report states.
Dogs at the front of the center had no water and some had feces in their cages. Most of the cages were stacked two high, the report said.
On inspecting the building, Realander found cats in isolation areas with dirty cages. In the backyard, about 10 dogs were found with feces in their cages and had little or no water, her report states.
"One of the dogs had a child's pool that was full of algae," Realander wrote in her report.
A fifth complaint was filed Nov. 2, and on Nov. 8 police obtained a search warrant and the center was searched, which resulted in the seizure of the 135 animals.
Hall said it is likely officials found sick animals because most of the animals that come to ARK have health issues. Cats are by far the largest group abandoned at the front of the center, with up to 20 cats left over a three-week period, Hall said.
Animals taken by the center include those that come from people who have lost their houses. The city of DeLand's Second Chance Kennel also placed dogs at ARK for adoption, Hall said.
Also, the Lake County Animal Center emails ARK about animals scheduled to be euthanized so ARK can rescue them, Hall said.
"Some we have pulled from kill shelters after they send us photos of the animals that are set to be killed," Hall said.
ARK also has a hospice program for dying animals.
"Right now we have about 10 dogs in foster and hospice care," Hall said. "We are spending money giving an animal a wonderful end to its life."
Some animals have pancreatic issues and are left with little or no water for some time because of special diets, Hall said.
The shelter is open and accepting pets, but animals are not being kept there.
On Saturday, ARK will hold an adoption event for about 100 dogs in foster care, and people who have animals they can't care for may take them to the center, Hall said.
"We are not in hiding," Hall said. "We don't have anything for which to be ashamed of."

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When Email Is Part of the Doctor's Treatment
Patients love it. Physicians find it often saves them time and money. So why aren't more doctors burning up the email lines with their patients?
The questions come at all hours, popping up on Dr. Mark Seigel's personal email account: Can I dye my hair? Is it safe to drink red raspberry leaf tea? When will the nausea stop?
Dr. Seigel, an OB-GYN with offices in the Maryland suburbs of Washington, D.C., answers them all.
"There are some patients, who are kind of like frequent fliers," he said. "I might get 20 emails from the same person. I know…they have fears and I'm mindful of that."
Most doctors don't agree with Dr. Seigel's approach. As the rest of the world has raced ahead with instant communication, medicine still lags far behind. Just under one-third of doctors reported emailing with patients in 2012, up from 27% five years earlier, according to annual studies of more than 3,000 doctors conducted by Manhattan Research, a health-care market-research firm. Those texting rose from 12% in 2010 to 18% in 2012.
And just 5.5% of 30,000-plus Americans included in a National Health Interview Survey said they communicated with a health-care provider by email in 2011, up slightly from 4.6% in 2009.
Doctors who shun email cite concerns ranging from privacy and security issues to liability, inconvenience and the risk of miscommunication of important medical information. Some also say the time spent emailing with patients is time unpaid. Few doctors charge for the service.
Groups like the American Academy of Pediatrics' Section on Telehealth Care are working on developing initial guidelines on how to deal with electronic communication, said Peter Dehnel, a Minneapolis-based pediatrician who is chairman of the group. Guidelines will address issues such as patient privacy and medical safety.
Those who do email say it is a convenient way to communicate with patients without the hassle of playing phone tag, and that it can keep patients from relying on Google searches that can sometimes lead to inaccurate information.
Patients generally love the access. Kira Bricker, currently pregnant with her second child, says she emails Dr. Seigel whenever she has a question. The first time was on Labor Day a few years ago when, at seven weeks pregnant, she had begun bleeding. Dr. Seigel responded in eight minutes.
"The ability to contact your doctor and receive a response in a timely manner provides peace of mind," said the 38-year-old psychologist from Silver Spring, Md., "especially during a pregnancy when circumstances may change at a moment's notice and you don't know if there is a problem."
Some doctors like Dr. Seigel hand out a business card with their email to every patient, but others say they only give it when asked. Most doctors also lay out ground rules. Dr. Seigel tells patients they can email him for any routine questions, but to call if it is an emergency.
The biggest benefit, he said, is the good will it generates: "It improves the reputation of my practice. I get very good ratings online."
Jocelyn Bonneau of Manhattan generally asks her doctors up front if they give out an email address. The barriers to actually speaking with a doctor "can be frustrating," said the 28-year-old financial analyst, who said she sometimes will "just give up and Google [my symptom] or just say, 'I'll get better,' and that's probably not the best way." Being able to email with a doctor, like her endocrinologist Andrew Martorella, makes a world of difference, she said.
Dr. Martorella said his patients email him to get blood-test results, refill prescriptions or to say they're running late. He estimates he gets up to 40 or 50 a day, which can take a few hours to respond to. Without email, he said he would probably need at least one extra person on staff to field patient phone calls: "I think it is definitely made a big change in terms of reducing costs, especially for solo practitioners."
Dr. Martorella ends new-patient visits by asking if they'd like to communicate via email. If so, he asks them to sign a form agreeing to electronically communicate about health matters and giving him authority to discuss medical issues over email. The form, he said, ensures that he's in compliance with the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, commonly referred to as HIPAA, designed to protect the privacy of health information. HIPAA compliance is the main concern raised by doctors who don't email.
The law requires that electronic communication related to an individual's health is protected and secure, said Jane Thorpe, an associate professor of health policy at George Washington University. If someone communicates protected health information electronically through a phone or other mobile device, Ms. Thorpe said, "it needs to be in a secure system," such as one that encrypts messages or through a secure portal. Personal email such as Gmail, she said, is "absolutely problematic."
Andrew Adesman, chief of developmental pediatrics at Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York in New Hyde Park, N.Y., said he has access to encrypted email through the hospital, but avoids it in favor of a phone call or office visit, which he sees as a better forum for dealing with the volley of medical questions and clarifications. "Often times brevity has the potential to compromise clarity," he said.
As part of the federal government's stimulus act, physicians are being encouraged through financial incentives to use electronic medical records. One part of that effort includes the use of secure messaging to share health information with patients through, say, an online portal.
David Voran, a family practitioner in Platte City, Mo., used to email patients directly until his clinic system, Heartland Health, created a portal system about five years ago, which he said his office "aggressively" uses. The access it provides, he said, "is a huge comfort to a lot of my patients, especially those that travel a lot."
Kansas City, Mo., pediatrician Natasha Burgert said her practice has a portal, but most parents prefer to email or text. She even texts with her adolescent patients. "It allows me to guide their health more directly" and avoid unnecessary office visits, she said. "It also gives me the advantage of directing their Internet searches."
Some doctors, of course, do occasionally get bombarded by messages from problematic patients, or end up on an unwanted mass-email list. Debra Jaliman, a dermatologist in Manhattan, finds it particularly frustrating when patients email her on a weekend for a cosmetic prescription. She said the funniest email request she ever got was to call in a prescription to the pharmacy and arrange for a taxi to transport the meds to the Fire Island ferry. She said she wrote back: "I'll call in the prescription, arrange your own ferry."
She no longer sees the patient.
A Reason to Think Twice About Your Child's ADHD Diagnosis
Research from around the world suggests younger children are more likely to get the diagnosis when they're compared with older peers.
Click to Read Story
A Lab Tests Playing to Help Children With Autism
Researchers want to see whether a lesser-used approach lets children in a study better process sounds, sights and smells from everyday life.
Click to Read Story
Another Burst of Polio-Like Cases in Children Alarms Doctors
AFM has jumped onto the national radar. Researchers are struggling to explain its third nationwide peak since 2014, and families are trying to provide hope to children hit with the disease.
Click to Read Story
High Hopes for a Gene Therapy Come With Fears Over Cost
Luxturna can give sight to children and others with a rare eye condition, but costs nearly $1 million—the industry is reckoning with how to pay for such treatments as more become available.
Click to Read Story
The Fertility Clinic That Cut IVF Prices in Half
The doctor in charge says he opens the door to more families. He says yes to patients considered too old or obese elsewhere.
Click to Read Story
To Help Alzheimer's Patients, a Care Center Recreates the 1950s
A new California care facility for dementia patients, was built to resemble a town from the 1950s. It's an application of "reminiscence therapy," which uses prompts from a person's past to elicit memories.
Click to Read Story
More on Your Health


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Reporting on the Nation, the State, the 117 Public School Systems, Charter Schools, North Carolina School of the Arts, and North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics
Published 10:31 am August 31, 2004
This document is available in Adobe Acobat's portable document format (PDF). The Acrobat version is designed to produce better output on printers. To view and print, you will need Adobe's Acrobat Reader, which you can download free from their web site.
SAT Report 2004 PDF file (State, Districts and Schools)
SAT Report 2004 Excel file (Districts and Schools Listing Only)


text:
Pet Expert Advice: Dental Care
Pet Expert Approved
Not Available
Not Available
There's a reason we call our team 'Pet Experts.' They undergo training in pet health and nutrition through program developed by the University of California Davis Extension School.
Hello Pet Parent,
We have two excellent sites for your pet food and supply needs. Choose your country:
|Take me to the Canadian site
|Continue on to us.petvalu.com


text:
Do any of you guys know anything about housing there? I know it's pretty expensive in D.C. area. I am looking to live fairly close by to school and pay around $1K/month or less for a studio or 1-bedroom.Any help is appreciated.
I met over the phone with my counselor, who seemed surprisingly optimistic both in regards to our chances (as transfer students) at OCI and our chances locking up a 2L summer associate position in general (considering the bottom is dropping out on the economy). She looked up rising 3Ls and graduated students who had transferred to GULC from my current school in the past and most were working at biglaw, which was relieving. I thought, as transfer students, we might have a scarlet T on our chests at OCI, however she claims this is not true and this may even be a bit opposite from reality. Further, if you just read abovethelaw.com you would think we should drop out now because no firm is going to show up to OCI. However she said that participation is only down less than 20% from last year, which I found quite surprising. All and all a pretty pleasant experience.


text:
Optus has completed a $10 million, two-year mobile network upgrade across Greater Darwin and Palmerston in the Northern Territory, improving 3G access in the region.
Optus said its customers with dual band devices will have access to increased network capacity and greater accessibility to more 3G mobile sites in metropolitan areas in the region that utilise 900 MHz spectrum.
The telco is now also offering postpaid mobile broadband plans in the Top End for the first time as a result of the upgrade.
As part of the upgrade, Optus built 20 new mobile sites across the Greater Darwin and Palmerston areas, including in the Darwin River and Wagait Beach areas, which have received mobile coverage for the first time.
Optus has also upgraded nearly 30 existing mobile sites in the Greater Darwin and Palmerston areas to HSPA+ technology. In Darwin and Palmerston metro areas, the telco's customers will also be able to access 3G coverage on the 900MHz spectrum at more than 30 mobile sites.
The telco told Computerworld Australia typical speeds over its 3G mobile broadband network range between 500kbps and 5Mbps, depending on traffic.
Optus is upgrading more than 1000 3G mobile sites using its 900MHz spectrum, enhancing the telco's 3G offering in Darwin, Sydney, Melbourne and Perth.
Optus also announced in September last year it was reallocating half of its 900MHz spectrum from 2G to 3G to improve the carrier's indoor coverage.
Follow Stephanie McDonald on Twitter: @stephmcdonald0
Follow Computerworld Australia on Twitter: @ComputerworldAU


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You started riding a year or two ago, and bought a kite that was great to learn on. It did exactly what you wanted to do..... get you kiteboarding.
Now, you are riding upwind, and starting to work on tricks. You might be unhooking a little bit too, but you are finding your entry level kite doesn't really allow you to progress that much because it was designed to get you into kiteboarding, not advance into Freestyle riding.
So, you are Freestyle curious, but aren't sure where to go. Stop right here, because this is the kite and bar package that you need to take a serious look at, and it won't break your bank.
The Nirvana is a 5 line C-kite, which may initially scare some of you off. The advantage of having 5 lines on a C-kite is twofold. One, it helps give the kite much better depower than a C-kite without a 5th line. Second, it allows the kite to relaunch in very light winds. If you are going to be working on tricks, you and the kite are both going to be hitting the water alot, so you want a kite that is easy to relaunch.
Liquid Force is a wake boarding company, and owns the market on wake style riding. Their wake background has allowed them to define modern wake style riding, and you can see it in the design and feel of their kite.
Traditionally the Hifi has been their bread and butter kite, but what happened is that when the 2011 Hifi went from 5 struts to 4 struts, the hard core Hifi lovers preferred the feel of their 2010 kites. So for 2012, Liquid Force went back to the 5 strut design, but wanted to rebrand the kite under a new name..... So.. that's where the Nirvana came from. The problem though, is the Hifi had such a great following, that people didn't necessarily link the Nirvana to the Hifi. This meant that for 2013, Liquid Force brought back the HiFi name with the Hifi X.
What does this mean to you? You get an opportunity to buy a FANTASTIC Liquid Force Freestyle / Wake Style kite at a STEAL because Liquid Force wanted to get rid of the Nirvana name, and focus once again on the Hifi branding. Name Chage = you save HUNDREDS of dollars.
So what do others think of the kite? Read here - http://pskite.org/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=7 ... it=nirvana
Where do you get one of these?
http://www.kitepaddlesurf.com/2012-Liqu ... egoryId=-1
What do they REALLY cost? How about a 11m Kite only for $480?
What I'd recommend is quivering up. Pick 3 kites, buy one bar, and get a quiver for far less than the cost of nearly any other Kite on the Market
7m - $395
9m - $425
13m- $505
5 Line CPR Bar - $250
a WHOLE QUIVER for - $1575. -- hundreds less than any other 2013 C-Kite
This is for BRAND NEW kites with no defects, blemishes, or any other issues. Full warranty on the kites too.
Don't think about it too long, because when these are gone, they are gone forever.
http://www.kitepaddlesurf.com/2012-Liqu ... egoryId=-1


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Questions regarding client devices such as Tablet PCs, Pocket PCs, etc.
Use this control to limit the display of threads to those newer than the specified time frame.
Allows you to choose the data by which the thread list will be sorted.
Order threads in...
Note: when sorting by date, 'descending order' will show the newest results first.
Forum Rules


text:
Mumsnet has not checked the qualifications of anyone posting here. If you need help urgently, please see our domestic violence webguide and/or relationships webguide, which can point you to expert advice and support.
A moment of clarity - discussion point(2 Posts)
Pagan Wed 06-Apr-05 13:23:33
alicatsg Wed 06-Apr-05 13:28:34
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Warning: This post is going to ruffle some feathers. Or tutus, I should say. But I am fascinated by this topic and really want to hear your thoughts. So here goes…
Last week a friend took her daughter to a five-year-old girl's birthday party that involved makeup application, up-dos, runway strutting and paparazzi-like photo shoots. Five years old. I had drinks with her the other night and as she was telling me about it I swear I felt like we'd warped into some other dimension. My jaw dropped as she painted the (slightly creepy) picture for me. What's worse: She just moved to a new town and she was meeting many of these kids and moms for the first time—and her introduction was like an episode of Toddlers & Tiaras. I felt so bad for her. And then I thought, OMG, I have to blog about this!
Here's what she said when I pressed her for more details:
So the party was in a kids-themed salon. Basically the kids get their hair done in one of five styles they choose and while waiting they sit at tables and put on makeup (which they then take home). After hair and makeup they put on cheesy princess dresses and walk down the cheesier runway/crushed-velvet red carpet. Did I mention this takes place in a tacky windowless room? I feel like such a snob but it was really a culture shock for me; I don't fit into that scene and just keep thinking that my friends would never throw a party like that.
You got that right! You guys know how I feel about the princess/over-sexualizing our little girls thing. If you don't, read this. Basically, it scares the crap out of me. Peggy Orenstein wrote a book called Cinderella Ate My Daughter and it is fascinating and disturbing and a must-read for anyone raising a girl. Don't get me wrong, I put Nora in dresses (she wore one to school today, but instead of, say, high heels, she worn bright orange crocs that she picked out), and I have become quite deft at wrangling a hair-do out of her mop (i.e. a pony-tail with bangs clipped back). And the kid has a purse and a Barbie and enough pink that you'd at least know she was a girl from looking in her closet. I am not opposed to dress up or fantasy play in any way. But I am also aware of the challenges that come with raising a girl today (did you see that we're not even supposed to call girls pretty anymore?).
As I wrote in the Peggy Orenstein post, I always assumed that because I was a well-rounded girl (i.e., I grew up knowing how to shoot a gun, bait a hook and play with Barbies) that my daughter would be the same simply by osmosis. I was voted prom queen the same day I sprained my ankle in a championship volleyball game, for crying out loud (I was on crutches at the prom so I'm pretty sure I got the sympathy vote). But, as they say, times have changed. And as mothers to daughters we need to be aware of how those changes can affect our kids.
I remember growing up my sisters and I got to wear mascara and blush once a year at our dance recital. It was magical and we felt so special. Because it was special. Now they market beauty products to little girls—and have birthday parties centered on getting dolled up so everyone can exclaim how pretty you are. Is that the right message to send our daughters? I've recently been with two little girls (one five and one seven) who were wearing lip gloss, blush and eye shadow. On a regular old day. Is that normal? I have a two year old so it's easy for me to be on my high horse and say never. Who knows what Nora will be into as she gets older. But honestly, this stuff scares me. And I know I can do my part to limit her exposure to something I'm not completely comfortable with.
Would I let her go to the Toddlers & Tiaras party? Sure. Would I throw out the makeup as soon as I got home? Absolutely. Would I be catty and talk about the party to all of my friends afterwards? Yes, I would. Sorry, but it freaks me out. At the same time, I do feel like, as with any of these parenting issues we face today, the fact that Nora has Nick and me in her corner (and in her genes) means she's going to be able to survive the princess phase just fine. I really don't worry about her being comfortable in her own make-up-less skin. You guys have seen my homeless-lady look, right? And my friend's daughter will be fine too. So maybe we're overreacting. Maybe we are just being catty because that's not the kind of party we'd ever throw.
Like I said, I know not everyone is going to like this post. But I'm curious about what you think of parties like this for a five-year-old girl. Would you have one? Would you go to one? Do you understand my concern and my friend's reaction to this?
PS, be sure to check out our big fundraising campaign for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Two Sisters. Two Cancers. One Mission.


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WES is right around the corner and many people are expecting an announcement about the CDMA Bold otherwise known as the 9650. Many of us are (im)patiently waiting to get our hands on the new device. As we mentioned on the latest episode of the BlackberryOS Web Show, it's looking more and more like a May launch might be plausible. CrackBerry user edhgreatone posted a screenshot of an internal website at Bank of America. The website is for employees to order devices from and clearly says "Coming in May". This definitely lines up with other rumors we have been hearing. Either way, my guess is that we will get a definitive answer during WES at the end of the month.
So we can feel pretty certain that Big Red will be releasing the Bold next month; but how long behind will Sprint be? We will keep our eyes peeled and keep everyone updated. And as always, if you have any insight please email firstname.lastname@example.com and let us know.


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The Inspector Preferences provides two additional options in the listener view.
Figure 18.8 The Listener tab of the Inspector Preferences
These options control the interaction between the listener pane of the Inspector, if it has one, and the Inspector itself.
See Adding a Listener to the Inspector for details of how to add a listener pane in the Inspector.
Bind $ to the current inspector object
to bind the variable
$ to the current object in the Inspector in the listener.
Check Automatically inspect listener values to inspect listener values automatically.
Both these options are checked by default.
LispWorks IDE User Guide (Windows version) - 12 Feb 2015


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Outils d'accessibilité
Sélecteur de langues
Chemin de navigation
Left navigation
Additional tools
Autres langues disponibles: aucune
Brussels, 21 December 2010
Roma Integration: First Findings of Roma Task Force and Report on Social Inclusion
In September, the European Commission established an internal Task Force to assess Member States' use of EU funding with regard to the social and economic integration of Roma, Europe's largest ethnic minority (IP/10/1097). This Task Force now reported its initial findings. It noted that while EU funds offer considerable potential for bolstering Roma inclusion, bottlenecks at national, regional and local levels are limiting their effective use by Member States. The Roma Task Force will continue its work in identifying concrete ways to enhance the funds' uses. The results will be part of an EU framework for national Roma integration strategies in the Member States that will be presented by the Commission in spring 2011, for discussion in the European Parliament and the Council. A new study – released by the Commission today – analysed national Roma inclusion measures in 18 EU countries and identified a series of successful policy approaches. Integrated policies and projects addressing the multiple causes of social exclusion are the best ways to improve the situation of Roma in Europe, the study says.
First findings of the Roma Task Force
The Roma Task Force was established following a proposal by Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU Justice Commissioner; László Andor, EU Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion; and Cecilia Malmström, EU Commissioner for Home Affairs (IP/10/1097). The Task Force sent questionnaires to the 27 Member States regarding their use of EU funds to address the Roma situation.
The preliminary findings indicate that Member States do not yet properly use EU money for the purpose of an effective social and economic integration of Roma. Weaknesses exist in the development of appropriate strategies and specific measures to address problems faced by Roma. Implementation at national level is problematic because of a lack of know-how and administrative capacity to absorb EU funds. The report also identifies problems in providing national co-financing as well as a lack of involvement by civil society and Roma communities themselves.
The management of the bulk of EU funding that may benefit Roma integration is shared with Member States, notably through the European Social Fund (ESF), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and to a lesser extent the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). In May 2010, the EU allowed the use of European regional funding to improve housing for marginalised communities in rural areas (IP/10/589). As is always the case with EU funds, it is up to Member States and managing authorities to come up with viable projects. It is not the European Commission's role to propose projects (see also MEMO/10/383).
Next steps
The Commission's Roma Task Force will now identify concrete ways to improve the effectiveness of EU funds in the Member States. These approaches will feed into an EU-level framework for national Roma inclusion strategies, which the Commission plans to adopt in spring 2011.
New Study on Member States' Projects on Roma Inclusion
Today's study – carried out on behalf of the Commission – finds that integrated policy approaches designed to tackle the multiple causes of social exclusion affecting Roma are the most successful. Strong political will is also required. Seven of the 18 countries studied have adopted integrated national strategies for Roma inclusion, although these are not always consistently implemented.
Success factors include:
The European Roma Rights Centre (ERRC) and the Roma Education Fund (REF) prepared the comparative study, which looks at measures addressing the situation of Roma living in 18 EU Member States with sizeable Romani populations: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The study analyses successful activities that seek to improve the situation of Roma in non-discrimination and equality policies, education, employment and training, health care services, housing and gender equality.
A large proportion of the Roma community in the EU is disproportionately affected by unemployment, extreme poverty, poor housing, low health standards and difficult access to education. The EU – since 2007 – has confirmed that while the social and economic integration of disadvantaged Roma people is primarily a responsibility for each country, there is also a role for the EU. A series of Council conclusions have endorsed the Commission's assessment (in Communications in 2008 and 2010, see IP/10/407 and MEMO/10/121) that more needs to be done to apply the EU framework of legislative, financial and policy coordination tools to the promote Roma inclusion.
Today's Roma Task Force findings on the use of EU funds and the comparative study on national Roma Inclusion Measures will be used by the Commission in its further work with Member States on the successful integration of the 10-12 million Roma living in the EU.
For more information
Study: Activities to improve the impact of policies, programmes and projects for the social inclusion and non-discrimination of Roma in the EU:
Roma people living in the EU: Frequently asked questions – MEMO/10/383
Homepage of Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU Justice Commissioner, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship:
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The process of buying a new Mazda car or truck can seem overwhelming if you don't know where to begin. Edmunds.com can get you started on the right track with a convenient directory of Mazda car dealerships in and around Carlstadt, New Jersey. Compare online price quotes on the new or used car, truck, SUV, minivan, or wagon of your choice to locate the best deals. Edmunds.com makes it easy to find trusted Mazda car dealers in Carlstadt, saving car buyers time and money on what will be an important purchase.
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Jennifer Blake from Scout Vintage Rental
What: Seattle Design Evenings
Who: Jennifer Blake from Scout Vintage
Attendees: 25+
When: Saturday, March 3, 6:00-8:00pm
Where: Assemble Gallery and Studio - 7406 Greenwood Ave N, Seattle, WA 98103
We gathered on a Saturday evening at Assemble Gallery & Studio, treated to nibbles by our lovely hostesses Andie Wurster and Emily Grosse. Andie and Emily own this darling decor shop/creative workshop/gallery space.
Jennifer Blake of Scout Vintage talked about navigating the world of estate sale hunting, with some especially helpful dos and don'ts! She also demonstrated the versatility of repurposing furniture by staging a found teal kitchen rack as a guest room amenity shelf. Jennifer hunts for pieces with character that she uses in her decor rental business, Scout Vintage.
For more inspiration, check out Assemble's blog, Neatloaf, and Scout's blog Bowtie & Bustle.
To stay on top of future AT Seattle events, please "Like" our Facebook page,


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Pictures of Plains Indians showed them hunting in bands and rarely as individuals because they lived communally. Although they defended their hunting grounds, they had no need for nor concept of private property. They moved where the buffalo roamed. The white interloper, by contrast, tilled the soil and to do so had to own property. Thus the white man took the Indian's land until the American Frontier closed.
Pictures of Plains Indians showed them hunting in bands and rarely as individuals because they lived communally. Although they defended their hunting grounds, they had no need for nor concept of private property. They moved where the buffalo roamed. The white interloper, by contrast, tilled the soil and to do so had to own property. Thus the white man took the Indian's land until the American Frontier closed.
Being civilized, we stole Indian land fair and square through the law by "assignment." Suppose the federal government demarcated a tribal area of a million acres and the tribe had 1,000 members. Next each member would be "assigned" and given deed to 160 acres for a total of 160,000 acres. This left 840,000 "unassigned" acres, which would be classified as "Public Lands" to be given to white settlers.
Vast areas of southeastern U.S. became "unassigned" and available to be given to the white men when President Jackson moved them to Indian Territory over the infamous Trail of Tears in the brutal winter of 1838-9. After assigning the Five Civilized Tribes to Indian Territory [I.T.] east of the 98th or Indian Meridian, and the Plains tribes to parts of the western side in Oklahoma Territory [O.T.] there remained 1.9 million acres of Unassigned Lands in the middle.
Civil War
Oklahoma tribes supported the Confederacy in the Civil War, which rationalized Congress retaliating after the war by giving railroads free rights of way across the Territory. These 200-foot strips were sold to lay track but were insufficient to fund operations afterward. Thus the railroads pressured Congress to open the unassigned lands to settlement by farmers whose shipments of crops would pay to operate the lines. By then, the railroads had acquired large holdings of timber and coal they couldn't profit from until it could be shipped out. By 1897 the Santa Fe RR had spanned the State from Arkansas City to the Red river, and by statehood, there were over 5,200 miles of track.
As Chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, Representative Sidney L. Clarke [R., Kan.] became familiar with the esoteric legalities of Indian affairs and used it after leaving office as a shil for the Santa Fe Railroad.
The country was stripped of cattle by the Civil War—with the exception of Texas, home of the largest domesticated herds of cattle in the nation—longhorns. After the Spanish were driven out by the Texas Revolution, these cattle roamed free, increasing without limit throughout the Civil War. By 1866, there were millions of the beasts roaming free. They were worthless in Texas but worth a fortune in the beefless east—IF they could be transported there.
Thus began the great cattle drives over the East and West Shawnee Trails in Indian Territory and the Chisholm and Great Western Trails in Oklahoma Territory. The grass and water across Oklahoma Territory were so lush the cattle GAINED weight on the journey! (Not being dammed, our rivers had flowing water then.) Three million head of cattle eventually came up those trails. Some ranchers stayed by leasing land from the Indians for $0.02 per acre per year or simply squatting on it. Free grass, free water, free land!
The tribes fought to keep out the railroads because the trains that carried steers out of the Territories also brought in homesteaders. Former Congressman Sid Clarke, working on behalf of Santa Fe interest, organized homesteaders into aggregations called "Boomers" who made periodic incursions south across the border into Oklahoma Territory. With his contacts in Congress, he wrote what became the Springer Amendment to the Indian Appropriations bill that authorized the opening of Unassigned Lands by run on April 22, 1889.
At noon April 22, 1889, 50,000 people rushed into the Unassigned Lands from all four of its corners. By nightfall, the "Oklahoma Station" on the Santa Fe line had over 4,000 claimants. The year following Boomers, Sooners and other claim jumpers fought over competing titles.
Sooners weren't the only or even the first to sneak into OT the night before the run. Boomers had unsuccessfully tried to get in for years. Boomers were Sooner than Sooners!
Evidence of the numbers of early-arrivers was the population of Oklahoma at Statehood was 1,000,000, and of the 750,000 residents of IT, the ratio of non-Indians to Indians was 7 to 1! In the Kickapoo Run of 1895, it is estimated that no less than one-half the participants were Sooners. LOTS of folks fudged!*
The Rugged Individualist
"Today, our search for an American identity continually leads us back to the vision of the rugged and independent men and women of the cattle drive era." **
In the 16th century, Spanish invaders took the Indians' land, named it Mexico, and introduced their Andalusian [longhorn] cattle to the region. Texicans obtained the Mexican's land free of charge in 1835-36, and, after the Civil War drove their cattle across Oklahoma Territory, fattening them up along the way free of charge. Arriving in Dodge, they put them on trains gifted from the federal government which had obtained those lands as booty from American Indians. Finally, settlers got their land free. This is how the rugged individualist did it.
* A.M. Gibson, "Oklahoma: History of Five Centuries," Norman: OU, 1965.
** "The Chisholm Trail," Texas Historical Commission, 2002.


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866 members2478 Comments 59 Likes
Tracy Niles has not received any gifts yet
Posted on January 22, 2013 at 11:27am 1 Comment 0 Likes
Hello all, I am a new blogger. I started my blog in the beginning of January of 2013. I have been trying to reach more ways on to make money with my blog. My husband lost his job a few months back and I recently graduated college in December of 2012 and am currently looking for a job. So I am wondering if you fellow mom bloggers can give me some pointers/tips, where to get sponsors, more followers, giveaways, and etc. I am excited that I have gotten some likes on my Facebook page (…Continue
Hi there and welcome from The Girlz Korner where you'll find light, witty and rather entertaining articles on every topic imaginable from beauty, health, fashion, parenting, recipes and everything else in between. So if you get a chance to kick back and exhale, if only for a brief moment, we'd love to have you. Hope you enjoy your stay :) http://www.thegirlzkorner.com


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Konami announced today that Argentinian midfielder Lionel Messi will be on the cover of Pro Evolution Soccer 2009 when it is released in North America in the fall of 2009. The 21-year-old Messi, who plays his club football for legendary Spanish side FC Barcelona, will be heading to the Olympics for Argentina later this month.
Curiously, Konami chose to announce versions of Pro Evolution Soccer 2009 for the PS3, PS2, 360, PSP, and PC, but not for the Wii or Nintendo DS. It remains to be seen whether PES 2009 will rear its head on the Nintendo platforms this upcoming season.
"Most modern players are aware of the realism and skill of the Pro Evolution Soccer series," said Messi. "It is a game that truly mirrors the pace and control of real football, and as a die-hard fan of the series, I am delighted to be working with Konami on the latest version."
Stay tuned to IGN for more details on PES 2009.


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Journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin Suggests US Should Arrest Glenn Greenwald For Doing Journalism
from the sickening dept
After a bunch of people called Sorkin out for this he tried to argue that he was not calling for Greenwald to be arrested despite his clear statements in which he appeared to call for exactly that. Sorkin then claimed that he was just "raising other questions." In response, Greenwald shot back: "Did you conspire with all of your extremely close WSJ-executive sources to commit fraud? Did you know about it? #JustAsking." And, really, that's the perfect retort. Anyone confusing a reporter reporting on some information with "conspiring" with the source is making a fool of himself.
Later, Greenwald opined on why he thinks various "establishment" journalists seem to be suggesting that he should be arrested for doing the journalism they failed to do:
Some of what is driving this hostility from some media figures is personal bitterness. Some of it is resentment over my having been able to break these big stories not despite, but because of, my deliberate breaching of the conventions that rule their world.It's a harsh assessment -- perhaps too harsh -- but it does offer a pretty good explanation for the way reporters are taking seriously (and, in some cases, appearing to advocate) for this ridiculous notion that by reporting on Snowden's leaks, Greenwald is somehow a co-conspirator.
But most of it is what I have long criticized them for most: they are far more servants to political power than adversarial watchdogs over it, and what provokes their rage most is not corruption on the part of those in power (they don't care about that) but rather those who expose that corruption, especially when the ones bringing transparency are outside of, even hostile to, their incestuous media circles.
They're just courtiers doing what courtiers have always done: defending the royal court and attacking anyone who challenges or dissents from it. That's how they maintain their status and access within it. That's what courtiers to power, by definition, do.
Update: This morning Sorkin issued an apology to Greenwald, saying that he believes in freedom of the press and thinks this is an important story, and he didn't mean to imply that Greenwald should be arrested. Rather, he claims, it was a poorly executed attempt to raise some basic questions about the role of the media in all of this.


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Electricity applauded, 65 years ago
Did your parents or grandparents have electricity in their house by 1942? If they lived in a rural area, it's very likely that they did not. In 1939, just 25% of rural homes were electrified.
In this part of Kentucky, the Pennyrile Rural Electric Cooperative brought electricity to rural homes. Pennyrile Electric was organized in 1937, but out here, some of the old-timers reminisce that they didn't get electricity until the early 1950s. I don't know if that was because electricity wasn't available earlier, or because of reluctance in some families to install electricity.
In Decorating the Home, a 1942 interior-decorating textbook, Ethel Lewis writes about some of the latest electrical gadgets.
Electricity and light are so nearly synonymous today that some of the newest electrical devices can be listed here.
In addition to all the labor-saving equipment, there is the electric clock, the fan, and most of us depend upon electricity to run the radio and the automatic-change phonograph.
For the nursery there is the "seeing eye" which protects the crib and so warns of the approach of thieves or kidnappers.
The ray from the photoelectric cell is the unseen source which opens doors so miraculously as a person approaches.
Perhaps nothing appeals more to the mechanically minded than the automatic window closer which works so swiftly when the alarm sounds the hour for rising.
The control and use of electricity are certainly one of man's greatest achievements, and many a home is a better place in which to live because of it.
Let electricity work for you; let it help you to preserve your eyesight.
From Decorating the Home (p. 127) by Ethel Lewis. (Published in New York by the Macmillan Company in 1942.) The lamp images in this post are also from Decorating the Home.
Did you notice? The electric refrigerator, electric range, electric water heater, and electric clothes washer aren't even mentioned, though they totally changed women's lives. They're part of the "labor-saving equipment" that Lewis breezes over.
I must admit that I take them for granted also -- as long as my electrical appliances work, I don't give them the grateful appreciation that they deserve.


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skydiei necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 61 diseños de 20 diseñadores freelance.
This is an urgent project as the website must be live by Thursday 5th February 2009. We are a small property development company (only 2 of us) with our biggest project to date. The website we had before was developed for us over 5 years ago by a friend and is in dire need of a change.With our biggest project to date, which has just been submitted for planning approval, we urgently need a re-design.
The Personal Touch
Remove all existing pages, and replace with new front page and menu linking at a few other pages like contact and about us.
We have many PDF files that we can forward for the back pages,the important thing is to have an attractive front page with a clear menu so visitors can view the planning designs and decissions. Keep it simple we want a website that local people can view the proposed development from our viewpoint. i.e. in a favourable light! We need a professional look but we are local developers so we don't want something over the top.
Please contact me if you need more info of if I have not been very clear. I can update the site with text contact or I can supply this
- Require some basic coding.
- The site must be fully functional and live by Thursday
- Please see http://www.thepersonaltouch.org
- Keep the logo as close as possible to what is shown, including colours and type.
- Update to current style and design
- Not complicated to follow
- works on most web browsers.
- We only have this project at the moment so we really need to sell and promote this.We have the orignal website files but not of the logo so this will probably have to be re-done.
- Flashing icons or garish colours.
- complicated or to busy


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Taigi: a few questions
View Single Post
Location: Gold Coast, Queensland
Join Date: Aug 2010
Posts: 13
Taigi: a few questions
Hi guys.
My style doesn't pay much attention to the Taigi of Tohei Sensei, but when the Taigi came to my attention I was curious and did a bit of research on the topic. My questions are for self education more than anything else.
There doesn't seem to be much written on the genesis of the Taigi. As I understand it Tohei Sensei originally designed 30 Taigi, and another was added later. The new one was called Kitei Taigi, was originally un-numbered, but is often referred to as #0.
Is that a fair summary?
Was #0 Kitei Taigi added by Tohei Sensei or someone else?
Looking through list after list of the 31 Taigi I noticed that the optimal execution times assigned to specific Taigi vary considerably from list to list. Is there a reason for these differences, or are they just transcription errors, or are certain instructors making changes for their own purposes?
I have been unable to find a list that claims to be the original designed by Tohei Sensei, with his original timings. Does such exist?
The most complete set of demonstration videos I can find is
, but even in that lot there are two Taigi missing. Anyone know of a better source of all the Taigi being demonstrated?
Thanks for your continuing contribution to my education.
View Public Profile
Find More Posts by Shinmai


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Neoseeker : Videos : Walkthroughs : pt110 - An Easy Time To Start
Persona 5
- By Atlus for PS4, PS3
pt110 - An Easy Time To Start
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|From: DSPgaming
|May 4, 2017
|Category: Walkthroughs


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Red Oscar Fish - Origins and Profile
Red Oscar - Photo Courtesy of aus-car
Red Oscar Origins
Red Oscars are the first commercially available color variety of the Oscar Fish (Astronotus ocellatus). This color variety of the Oscar fish was originally developed by a Thai Businessman named Chareon Pattabonge, first showing up in fish stores in 1969.
Exactly how Mr. Pattabonge fixed the Red Oscar color strain remains a mystery as he left no documentation and (apparently) never released the secrets to others (at least not that I've been able to find).
However, we can make an educated guess that a wild form of Oscar, possessing an amazing trend towards red coloration, was used, selectively breed for increased red coloration with the end result being the "Red Oscar" we know today. We can further expand upon that educated guess and surmise that Mr. Pattabonge used wild caught Peruvian Oscars as the foundation of his creation. Specimens of Peruvian Oscars can have an almost Red Oscar appearance.
F1 Peruvian Oscar - Photo courtesy of NOLAGT
Red Oscar Characteristics
The defining characteristic of a Red Oscar is obvious, their all red, or almost all red, coloration. An unusual characteristic of Red Oscars is that they are the only color variety of the Oscar Fish that do not (at least rarely) possess an Ocellatus (Eye Spot) on the tail. If they do, it is a mere spec when compared to other types of Oscars.
Red Oscar Use in Other Color Varities
It is the prevailing belief that the Red Oscar was subsequently used to develop the Tiger Oscar strain, by breeding the Red Oscar back to the Common Oscar (Wild Type Oscar).
What is lesser known, or should I say less frequently discussed, as there are no known records of how each color variety was developed (we really need to get those Asian breeders to start keeping records), is the concept that Lemon Oscars are actually Xanthochromistic Red Oscars. Xanthochromism is a naturally occuring genetic condition where red pigments are replaced with yellow.
Is the Lemon Oscar a Xanthochromistic Red Oscar?
Red Oscar Profile
Scientific Name:Astronotus ocellatus (invalid/outdated synonyms: Lobotes ocellatus, Cychla rubroocellata, Acara compressus, Acara hyposticta, Astronotus ocellatus zebra, and Astronotus orbiculatus)
Common Name: Red Oscar
Size: 12" is common, larger have been known to occur in aquariums
Origin: Red Oscars are not found in the wild. Their parent fish is likely the Peruvian Oscar, are natively found in South America (Peru).
PH: Unless you are keeping wild caught Oscars, and there are no wild caught Red Oscars, pH is virtually irrelevant. What is important is a stable pH. People keep Oscars in a pH from 6 to in excess of 8. I think the ideal pH would be neutral to slightly acidic but there is absolutely no need to attempt to adjust pH.
Food Items: In the wild, an Oscars diet consists primarily of insects and crustaceans. In captivity, a commercially available quality pellet should be the primary staple of their diet. For an in-depth review of an Oscar's dietary requirements and suggested feeding practices, please review Oscar Fish Diet – Feeding Oscars.
Longevity: In captivity, far too many Red Oscars die within 3-5 years. For a fish that should live a decade or more, this is a shame. A result of poor husbandry and bad diet. Owning a Red Oscar is a long term commitment not to be taken lightly. If the idea of weekly water changes does not appeal to you, you don't need to own an Oscar.
Aggression: By large cichlid standards, Oscars are mildly aggressive. People often make the mistake of assuming Oscars are as aggressive as their New World Cichlid brethren, such as Green Terrors, Red Terrors, Jack Dempseys, etc... They are not. When housed with these more aggressive fish they generally are on the lower end of the cichlid pecking order. When it comes to housing a pair of Oscars, your best chance of success would be with two females. When young, you may be able to keep two males or a male + female but when sexual maturity sets in, hang on. Two males, no way. There is going to be a war and one of two, if not both, will be killed. A male and female can coexist provided neither detects a weakness in the other and/or both decide to spawn at the same time.
Minimum Tank Size: 55 gallons, per Oscar.
Red Oscar Care
Red Oscars are simply a color variety of the Oscar Cichlid (Astronotus Ocellatus). All information in the article database applies to all Oscars, including the Red Oscar. So feel free to read other articles in the database as well as participate in our forum. A good staring place is the New Oscar Owner Information Packet.
Red Oscar Photos
Photo Courtesy of aus-car
Photo Courtesy of aus-car
Photo Courtesy of Jon M
The bad photography of the Author
Same Red Oscar as above, this one taken as a Juvenile


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Cashmere Blend Fringe Cardigan
• Get boho-chic in the Cashmere Blend Fringe...
• Get boho-chic in the Cashmere Blend Fringe Cardigan!
• Comes in versatile black or heather grey
• Single button creates a draped neckline
• Long sleeves
• Handkerchief hem
• Model is wearing size XS. She is 5'9, 34-23-34, dress 2
Fabric & Care
• 40% Viscose, 30% Nylon, 25% Polyester, 5% Cashmere
• Luxuriously soft blend
• Lightweight knit
• Hand wash cold
• Imported
Shipping & Returns
HOLIDAY SHIPPING SCHEDULE: Order by Wednesday, December 19th, 12PM PST to receive complimentary delivery by Christmas. For last minute gifts, order by December 21st, 10AM PST and select Next Day shipping (fees apply). Offer applies to delivery in contiguous US only (PO/FPO/APO excluded). Please view our international shipping rates on our FAQ page.
HOLIDAY RETURN POLICY: During the holiday season we are extending our normal 15 day return policy so you can buy your gifts with confidence. Items purchased on or after Thursday, 11/15/18, are eligible for return until Tuesday, 1/15/19. The following still applies:
Returns must be unwashed, unworn, unused with original tags attached.
A free prepaid return label will be included in all shipments within the contiguous United States.
Swimwear, underwear, beauty, home, gift cards and sale styles are final sale*.


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The Board of Education of Lincoln district, in session Saturday, appointed teachers for the various Lincoln district schools for the coming year. Following is a list of appointments for the several schools, as announced by C. H. Salmons, secretary of the Lincoln district Board of Education:
VINSON: Violet Perry
GLENHAYES: Maxie Vinson
DRAGG CREEK: Anna Little
CAMP CREEK: L. B. Copley
VANDERVODT: Vacant
YELLOW POPLAR: Anna Branham
LOCUST KNOB: Gladys C. Frazier
BULL GRADED: Vacant
CRUM GRADED: C. F. Harris, Principal; Belle Mills and Myrtle Marcum
STONECOAL GRADED: Lindsey Baker, Principal; Mae Stepp
WILSONDALE: Vacant
MARCUM GRADED: J. M. Queen, Principal; Erie Branham, Assistant
WALNUT GROVE: W. C. Mollett, Principal
TICK RIDGE: Vacant
TURKEY CREEK: Edmund Napier
PERRY RIDGE: Anna Deerfield
DOANE: Vacant
WELL'S BRANCH GRADED: C. H. Salmons, Principal
WELL'S MOUNTAIN: Mary A. Salmons, Principal
HOOKER KNOB: Nancy J. Perry
DUNLOW GRADED: Vacant
FERGUSON GRADED: H. W. Vanhoose, Assistant
RADNOR GRADED: Ruth Vita Adkins
JACKSON BRANCH: Vacant
GENOA GRADED: Blanche B. Frazier, Principal; Alma K. Walker, Assistant
EFFIE GRADED: Della Parsons, Assistant
BILLIE'S BRANCH: Fred Vinson
THOMPSON GRADED: J. M. Vanderpool, Principal; Jessie M. Vanderpool, Assistant
GRASSY: Moses Marcum
PRATT GRADED: Bertha Marcum, Principal
WALLACE: Hazel L. Perry
VARNEY: Minerva Ratcliff
STEPP GRADED: W. M. Queen, Principal
BEND: J. C. O'Neil
LEFT FORK BULL: J. J. Perry
UNION: Mildred R. Ratcliff
RIGHT FORK BULL: Vacant
WEBB GRADED: H. K. Curry, Principal; Maude Curry, Assistant
LOWER MILL CREEK: Fred C. Perry
HORSE CREK: Florence Meade
HICKORY GAP: H. B. Thompson
HURRICANE BRANCH: Vacant
W. B. Smith, widely known and well-liked citizen of Whites Creek, this week authorizes announcement of his candidacy for Member of the House of Delegates from Wayne County on the Democratic ticket.
Mr. Smith lives near Centerville on Wayne Route 1. He is 52 years old and has been a life-long resident of this county. He received his education in the public schools of this county and at Morris Harvey College at Barboursville.
By profession, Mr. Smith is a successful farmer and dealer in livestock. He was at one time member of the County Board of School examiners. In this capacity he served with Boyd Jarrell, now editor of the Huntington Herald Dispatch. This was about 30 years ago, when Rufus Lester was superintendent of schools.
Mr. Smith is an active church worker and a leading citizen in his community. He is widely known throughout the county. Mr. Smith, both by educational training and practical experience, is well qualified to represent the county in the legislature. If nominated and elected, he would make an able and loyal representative of his home county. His candidacy is cheerfully recommended for the careful attention of Democratic voters at the August primary.
The farmers of Wayne County have reported the estimated condition of crops throughout the county to be as follows: Wheat has a condition of 83 per cent against last year's May 1st condition of 78 per cent, and a five year average 1921-1925 inclusive of 79 per cent. Rye has a condition of 85 per cent compared to last year's condition of 80 per cent and a five year average of 92 per cent. The hay crop is reported at 67 per cent against last year's figure of 85 per cent and its five year average of 91 per cent; while the pasture condition is given at 63 per cent against last year's conditon of 87 per cent, and a five year average of 88 per cent. . . .
The lowered condition of crops at present as compared to the average was caused by the continued winter weather through most of April, causing growth to be retarded. What and rye are reported as being in fair condition, but short. Much damage has been done in the bottom land of some sections where freezing and thawing have occurred.
"Camp Tawanka," the Huntington Young Women's Christian Association camp, will be held in Wayne County again this season. The camp will open in June. The Y. M. C. A. is located on Twelve Pole Creek, just below Dickson. It is reached by taking the road down Twelve Pole from the end of the bridge on the opposite side of the creek from Dickson.
The camp has been improved and enlarged since its opening last year. This year it will be in charge of Mrs. C. H. Carpenter and Mrs. George Riggs of Huntington.
The camp is designated as both a vacation and a week-end camp and is open to any girl or woman who wishes to spend a few days in the country. Special week-end parties will be held during the summer for business girls and Girl Reserves.
On Sundays, vesper services are held at 4:00 o'clock. These are in charge of some of the girls and the counselors. Special visitors always attend these services.
Dinner parties and other forms of entertainmnet are given each Saturday and Sunday during the summer.
The camp is a permanent one with every facility for comfort and pleasure. The Natalie S. Walker lodge is the largest of the buildings. This serves as a dining room and recreation hall. There is a well-equipped kitchen in the rear. Large porches are built on all sides, and these are furnished with lounging chairs and hammocks. Three bungalows furnish sleeping quarters.
Swimming, tennis, hiking, stunts, bacon and marshmallow bats, treasure hunts, baseball, horseshoe pitching, handcrafts and boating are among the most popular activities at the camp.
Ernest Romans was a Wednesday visitor at Fort Gay and Louisa.***Sidney Huff, who has been at work in Westmoreland for the past month, has returned home.***Harve Kites spent a few days last week with his brother in Huntington.***Earl Boothe of Patrick was a business visitor here Wednesday of last week.***
Wesley Huff of Trace was a business caller here Tuesday of last week. Albert Ronk of Wayne Route was a recent business visitor here.***Prince Kitts left Monday for Ironton, where he has employment.***Charley Hatten of Black Fork was a recent visitor here.***Dr. A. E. Evans of Wayne was a Monday visitor here.***Mrs. Mary Jane Viers is very ill with flu.***Ed Wellman and sons were Wednesday visitors at Fort Gay and Louisa.***Sanky Pyles of Whites Creek was a business visitor here last week.***Howard Shannon of Elijahs Creek was a recent visitor here.***Mr. and Mrs. L. F. Frasher of Fort Gay spent a few days last week with Mrs. Frasher's mother, Mrs. Rachel Wellman.***Lafayette Ferguson was a recent visitor at Echo.***Mrs. Nancy Huff spent Thursday and Friday last week with Mrs. Carrie Huff of Big Hurricane.***Richard E. McCoy was a business visitor at Patrick last week.***Wm. Huff was a Thursday caller on Twelve Pole.***E. H. Wellman was a business visitor at Wayne last week.***Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Thompson spent a few days last week with Mr. Thompson's parents, Mr. and Mrs. F. M. Thompson of Patrick.***Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Christian and children of Westmoreland spent last week end with relatives here.***Mr. and Mrs. Toney McCoy had as Sunday guests: Mr. and Mrs. Jink Frasher of Fort Gay, Jessie and Ernest Romans, Blanch and Richard McCoy, and Frank and Edgar Wellman.
R. P. Johnson of Wytheville, Va., president of the Lakes-to-Florida Highway Association, of which the Tug River highway through Wayne County is a part, will stop in Wayne on Saturday afternoon of this week, enroute over the Tug River highway on an inspection trip.
The trip is being arranged by Dr. W. S. Rosenhelm of Huntington, who is vice-president of the Association. Dr. Rosenhelm was in Wayne Wednesday arranging for Mr. Johnson's stop-over here Saturday afternoon about 4:00 o'clock. He will accompany the inspection party from Huntington as far as Williamson.
The grading of the Tug River Highway between Williamson and Bluefield is now practically complete, and the last gap near Iaeger in Wyoming County will be opened for traffic next month.
Transcription by June White
Wayne County News


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Lilo hopes to avoid jail by going to rehab.
Even though she has been arrested twicein the last few months and has likely violated her probation, Lindsay Lohan is hoping to avoid any jail time by going to rehab for at least SIX MONTHS, RadarOnline.com is exclusively reporting!
"Lindsay's manager and agent have been telling her for months that she must go to rehab to save her life. Until now she has resisted, but after her arrest this morning she realizes she needs help," a source close to the troubled starlet exclusively tells ."It's very likely that Lindsay won't fight the probation violation charges and throw herself at the mercy of the court and hopes to avoid jail time by going to rehab for at least six months."
Lindsay was arrested again early Thursday morning in New York City at the club Avenue after she allegedly sucker punched a woman in the club.
As RadarOnline.com exclusively reported, "Lindsay was completely out of control. She was drinking way too much booze and was doing cocaine," a club insider revealed.
With the latest legal trouble, the source said Lindsay could be facing a maximum of 237 days behind bars.
"Because of jail overcrowding in Los Angeles though she would only serve 25 percemt of that time. The City Attorney will ask the judge to max Lindsay out and send her to jail," the source says.
I dont know if radar is a really good source, but they are saying that the girl she hit ask her for a picture, and that she was out of control, and doing cocaine. If this is not a wake up call for her, i dont know what is.


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Spa Valley Railway » All Events
For our operating dates click here.
We're delighted to provide a wide range of events throughout the year at the Spa Valley Railway, ranging from character days & Santa Specials to enthusiast events including our extremely popular Beer and Cider Festival each October along with Steam and Diesel Galas.
Our line also plays host to a number of on train dining experiences all part of our popular 'Dining in the Weald' products.
All events are available to pre-book online below!
Dining in the Weald
Click here for all of our Dining Experiences: Afternoon Tea, Morning Coffee, Cream Teas, Fish & Chips, High Weald Belle Dining & Luncheon Trains
Driver Experience & Railway Experiences
Steam Driver, Diesel Driver, Signalman Days & Footplate Rides
Railway Events
Diesel Running Weekends, Steam Days, Summer Diesel Gala, Beer & Cider Festival and more!
2. Winter Steam Up, Mince Pie Specials and Kids for a Quid!
Saturday 29th & Sunday 30th December 2018
Book online
5. Mince Pie Specials, Kids for a Quid and Steam Locomotive 813!
31st December & 1st January
Book online


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Organizations and Associations
This page provides links to non-EPA web sites that provide additional information on eliminating sanitary sewer overflows. You will leave the EPA.gov domain and enter another page with more information. EPA cannot attest to the accuracy of information on that non-EPA page. Providing links to a non-EPA Web site is not an endorsement of the other site or the information it contains by EPA or any of its employees. Also, be aware that the privacy protection provided on the EPA.gov domain (see Privacy and Security Notice) may not be available at the external link. Exit
Below is a listing of some regional and national organizations working on issues related to water and water infrastructure.
New England Interstate
Water Pollution Control Commission (NEIWPCC)
An interstate agency serving and assisting its member states (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont), NEIWPCC coordinates activities and forums that encourage cooperation among the states, educates the public about key water quality issues, supports research projects, trains environmental professionals, and provides overall leadership in water management and protection. Subscribe to the Interstate Water Report
New England Water
Works Association (NEWWA)
Established in 1882, the primary purpose of NEWWA is to promote public health, safety, and welfare through the advancement and dissemination of knowledge for improvement of the planning, design, construction, operation, management, and regulation of water works relating to the production and distribution of safe, potable drinking water.
New England Water Environment Association
Water Infrastructure Network
The Water Infrastructure Network (WIN) is a broad-based coalition of local elected officials, drinking water and wastewater service providers, state environmental and health administrators, engineers and environmentalists dedicated to preserving and protecting the health, environmental and economic gains that America's drinking water and wastewater infrastructure provides. Includes news articles, reports and other information.
Water Environment Federation
Technical and educational organization working on the preservation and enhancement of the global water environment. Web site includes information about regulatory and government issues, training opportunities, and science/technology resources.
National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA)
NACWA represents the interests of over 300 public agencies. NACWA members serve the majority of the sewered population in the United States and collectively treat and reclaim more than 18 billion gallons of wastewater daily. NACWA maintains a key role in the development of environmental legislation, and works closely with federal regulatory agencies in the implementation of environmental programs


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Prescribing for Astigmatism
Add Two Quick Steps to Confirm Soft Toric Rotational Stability
By Thomas G. Quinn, OD, MS, FAAO
Several studies have shown that patients who have low astigmatism (0.75DC to 1.00DC) benefit visually when fitted with toric soft lenses instead of with spherical soft lenses (Richdale, 2007; Bayer and Young, 2005). In one survey, however, 30 percent of astigmatic patients reported that they had not tried toric soft lenses because their eye doctors did not recommend them (Decision Analyst, 2008). When I ask colleagues who prescribe spherical lenses for patients who have low astigmatism why they do so, many say that patients tolerate a little bit of blur all of the time better than intermittent blur from a rotationally unstable toric lens. How often is variable vision with a toric lens an issue? In one survey, 37 percent of patients wearing toric soft lenses reported fluctuating vision (Millward Brown, 2010). All of this leads to the conclusion that consistently clear vision is key to a satisfactory toric soft lens-wearing experience, but how can we know if a diagnostic lens being fit on the eye will deliver?
Attack the Issue Straight On
Typically, when we assess a soft lens fit, we evaluate centration and movement at the slit lamp by having the patient look straight ahead and blink. When evaluating a toric soft lens, we generally also note the location and stability of the lens marking during the blink as the patient continues to look straight ahead. This is a good first test, but two quick additional tests will tell us more about rotational stability.
Look Here, There, Everywhere
After assessing lens performance in primary gaze, ask the patient to look up, blink, then return to primary gaze. Note the position of the lens marking. Repeat this procedure, having the patient change gaze in various directions. Zikos et al (2007) and Young and McIlraith (2008) have demonstrated significant changes in lens orientation with changes in gaze. Chamberlain et al (2008) directly assessed visual acuity with gaze changes during toric soft lens wear and found that diagonal versions induced the greatest visual disturbance. Further, diagonal versions best highlighted differences in performance among lens types. Lenses that demonstrate large swings in lens marking position with gaze changes are less likely to provide consistently clear vision. If variable positioning is noted, consider changing base curve, center thickness, or lens design. If the position of the lens marking remains constant in straight-ahead gaze and with gaze changes, proceed to the third and final stability test.
Give a Little Push
Ask the patient once again to look straight ahead as you view the lens through the slit lamp. Note the position of the lens marking. Then, with your clean finger, manually rotate the lens out of position. Immediately move the slit lamp to the fellow eye and repeat the process. Once completed, return to the first lens and observe the position of the lens marking. A lens that has returned to the position observed before it was manually rotated should deliver reliable visual performance during day-to-day activities, even if the eye is rubbed or the lens is forcefully rotated by any means.
Rest Assured: You Can Deliver
Patients love clear vision, but it needs to be consistent. Use the techniques described here to ensure the toric lenses you dispense will deliver on both counts. CLS
For references, please visit www.clspectrum.com/references.asp and click on document #195.
|Dr. Quinn is in group practice in Athens, Ohio. He is an advisor to the GP Lens Institute and an area manager for Vision Source. He has been an advisor or consultant to Alcon, B+L, Ciba Vision, CooperVision, and Vistakon, has received research funding from Alcon, AMO, B+L, Ciba, CooperVision, and Vistakon, and has received lecture or authorship honoraria from Alcon, AMO, B+L, CooperVision, GPLI, SynergEyes, and Vistakon. You can reach him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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That's what you get to do every day with a career at Caesars Entertainment Corporation. We understand everyone has special talents. And we strive to help our people make the most of their abilities in the pursuit of their career goals. After all, energy, excitement and entertainment are what make Caesars Entertainment Corporation the leader in the hotel and casino industry.
With a family of well-known and respected brands, such as Caesars, Harrah's, Horseshoe, Bally's, Flamingo, Grand Biloxi, Harveys, Paris, Planet Hollywood, Rio and Showboat, we offer exceptional careers in nearly every area imaginable. Take a look around and you'll see what we mean.


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|Episode Description
|Thursday, Sep 27, 2012 - 8:00 PM
"The Honey Trap"
Dawkins is furiously jealous of Fowler's admiration for Habib, albeit as star of his pub quiz team. That worsens when CID needs her as sexy, secret bait for a "honey trap." Alas for Fowler, that part proves incompatible with the quiz. G
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Retail Walk-in Store - Open Daily 10am-4:30pm Click here for holiday closings & specific hours each month.
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CRS Texas is proud to announce our relationship with US Foods in the Houston area. US Foods customers will be able to take advantage of ..Read More>>
One of the newest innovations in the Quick Service POS world is Digital Menu Boards.Read More>>
There are a lot of choices out there for credit card processing and it can be a difficult job trying to...READ MORE>>
Worried about what's going on at your business when you're not there? Not sure whether your manager has your best interests in mind?Read More>>
CRS Texas has been and remains a leader in the POS industry since 1972. We offer POS Solutions backed by the most reliable hardware and innovative software available to the industry.
We have been serving the Texas market with offices located in Houston, Austin, Dallas and San Antonio.
We are so excited about our new "TRY IT POS Solution". That's right we said try it…. You can try our POS software with no upfront money, guaranteeing that we will find the best POS solution for your needs.
Credit Card Processing and Gift Cards are included with our POS Software and yes you can TRY IT. We will help you set up your merchant account, process your credit cards and provide you with a gift card solution. We guarantee you will not find a lower cost solution.
Digital Dining and Rpower are just a few of the POS Software Solutions we offer, allowing for total flexibility for today's restaurants. Our Software Solutions reach far beyond traditional point-of-sale systems. From off-site, real-time reporting and extensive customer relationship programs, to the seamless integration with accounting software, CRS Texas puts you in control.
Ease of use, speed and accuracy are essential in a POS. CRS Texas provides Pos Solutions for all your hospitality needs from Full Service Restaurants, Bars, Quick Service, Delivery and more….
We can provide assistance with merchant services, loyalty marketing, gift cards, mobile online ordering, digital menu boards, security cameras, etc... helping our customer find solutions that fits their needs.


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Miller Statement on Senator Inouye
Today, Rep. Jeff Miller, Chairman of the House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, issued the following statement on the death of Senator Daniel Inouye:
"I am saddened by the news this evening of Senator Inouye's passing. He was one of the last World War II veterans in Congress, and a leading veteran advocate for more than 50 years. His selfless service to our nation dates back well before his time on Capitol Hill, where in hard battle on the fields of Italy in 1945 his actions resulted in being bestowed the Medal of Honor. With his passing, we remember the bravery and dedication of the Greatest Generation, and with each day that sets, we mourn all who battled through this life to find reward in the next."


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April 25, 2011
Paul E. Sax, M.D., is director of the HIV Program and Division of Infectious Diseases at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston.
There's a new antiretroviral option out there, a 400-mg extended-release tablet formulation of nevirapine that can be dosed once daily.
However, you might not have noticed, since it's not really that new, and it's not clear that this formulation offers any significant advantages over the nevirapine we already have. Writes Keith Henry over in Journal Watch:
Issues that will temper enthusiasm for the new formulation include continued concern about serious adverse effects with nevirapine (namely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome in the general patient population, and liver toxicity in women with CD4 counts >250 cells/mm3 and men with CD4 counts >400 cells/mm3), the availability of safe and effective non-nevirapine-containing regimens, the likely approval of additional one-pill once-daily regimens (e.g., tenofovir/FTC/rilpivirine, abacavir/3TC/dolutegravir, and tenofovir/FTC/elvitegravir/cobicistat), and the possibility of nevirapine coming off patent in 2012 (which creates potential for a lower-priced generic).
Add to these issues the need to still take* the 200 mg once-daily lead in for 14 days, and one wonders how much use this "new and improved" nevirapine is going to get.
(*I know, split infinitive -- it just sounds better that way!)
Paul Sax is Clinical Director of Infectious Diseases at Brigham and Women's Hospital. His blog HIV and ID Observations is part of Journal Watch, where he is Editor-in-Chief of Journal Watch AIDS Clinical Care.
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OTTAWA, Ontario -- Five students earn top honours and fourteen students are provincial champions in the THIRD Canadian Open Mathematics Challenge (COMC). The COMC is organized and administered by the Canadian Mathematical Society (CMS) in collaboration with the Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing (University of Waterloo). Over 3000 students from all across Canada wrote the Third Open on November 25, 1998. Students had to solve 12 questions during the two and one-half hour time limit.
"The Canadian Open Mathematics Challenge is designed to motivate younger students who have done some enrichment study beyond their school year and who are looking for a mathematics enrichment challenge", said Mr. Ronald Dunkley, University of Waterloo, and Chair of the CMS COMC Committee. "In addition, the Open acts as a qualifying paper for the Canadian Mathematical Olympiad which will be written on March 31, 1999".
Prize Winners: The top five winners in the 3rd Canadian Open Mathematics Challenge are:
Daniel Brox, Sentinel Secondary School, West Vancouver, B.C.; Adrian Chan, Upper Canada College, Toronto, Ontario; Jimmy Chui, Earl Haig Secondary School, North York, Ontario; Pin Chang Liu, Sentinel Secondary School, West Vancouver, British Columbia; Ye Tao, Vanier College, Ville St. Laurent, Québec.
For outstanding performance in the COMC, the top contestant in a region is selected as the Provincial Champion. The 1998 Open Provincial Champions are:
Filip Crnogorac, Western Canada High School, Calgary, Alberta; Pin Chang Liu, Sentinel Secondary School, West Vancouver, British Columbia; Nick Harland, Vincent Massey Collegiate Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Laura Nishikawa, Fredericton High School, Fredericton, New Brunswick; Leslie Rose, St. Francis High School, Harbour Grace, Newfoundland; Chris Dabrowski, Halifax West High School, Halifax, Nova Scotia; Paul Hoepfner Homme, Oakville Trafalgar High School, Oakville, Ontario Central; Dave Nicholson, Fenelon Falls Secondary School, Fenelon Falls, Ontario East; Jimmy Chui, Earl Haig Secondary School, North York, Ontario - Metro; Mark Bailey, O'Gorman High School, Timmins, Ontario North; Brendan Lucier, Waterloo Collegiate Institute, Ontario West; Kumi Yamamoto, Charlottetown Rural High School, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island; Ye Tao, Vanier College, Ville St. Laurent, Québec; Dennis Chien, Evan Hardy Collegiate Institute, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
"All of these winners have excelled in a very challenging competition and demonstrated the critical and creative problem solving skills so essential in today's workplace", said Dr. Daryl Tingley, University of New Brunswick (Fredericton), and Chair of the CMS Mathematical Olympiads Committee. "Students with excellent problem solving skills are important if Canada is to be competitive in a global economy."
Approximately 80 of the top students from the 1998 Canadian Open Mathematics Challenge will be invited to write the 1999 Canadian Mathematical Olympiad (CMO). The CMO is Canada's premier mathematics competition organized and administered by the Canadian Mathematical Society. "These top students will now be busy honing their problem solving skills as they prepare for the 1999 CMO and try to be one of the six students who will represent Canada at the 1999 International Mathematical Olympiad in Rumania in July", said Dr. Graham Wright, Executive Director, Canadian Mathematical Society. "These valuable enrichment activities are possible because of the many teachers in the schools and universities who assist on a voluntary basis".
Dr. Graham P. Wrightor
Executive Director
Canadian Mathematical Society
(613) 562-5702
Mr. Ronald Dunkley
Centre for Education in Mathematics and Computing
Waterloo University
(519) 885-1211, ext 2247
Dr. Daryl Tingley
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
University of New Brunswick (Fredericton)
(506) 453-4768


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My favorite photo
While on a project about Shanghai acrobats, I spotted Yin Jiale, 15, from Taiwan. He was one of the smallest boys in the group and delightfully serious.
While on a project about Shanghai acrobats, I spotted Yin Jiale, 15, from Taiwan. He was one of the smallest boys in the group and delightfully serious.
"How do Americans celebrate Christmas?" is a project of mine. I photographed this little boy in Glendale, Arizona, in a drastically decorated yard.
He's only five millimeters long and resembles a cartoon lamb, but costasiella kurshimae (leaf sheep) is smart. One of the few creatures capable of photosynthesis, it grazes on algae, for example, off the coast of Japan.
Seafarers rightly fear Namibia's rugged Atlantic coast, but wrecks can be appealing, as the ten bungalows of Shipwreck Lodge at Skeleton Coast Park near Mowe Bay prove.
Culture clash
Once the endless round of Christmas parties is over, the New Year's celebrations begin, so the demand for hangover cures is huge. A few things that some people swear by.
Hot stuff
Wash down a kokoreç, a grilled lamb offal baguette, with şalgam, a fiery root-based drink: Might sound strange, but the Turks are convinced it works after too much raki or Efes beer.
If you can stomach a Prairie Oyster the morning after, you're over the worst: The classic U.S. hangover cocktail contains brandy, raw egg, red wine vinegar, Tabasco and Worcestershire sauce – alternatively tomato juice instead of booze.
Natural Reminds
Ukon no chikara, a turmeric drink, is Japan's patent hangover prevention. If you don't have a ukon the night before, a miso soup the next day, preferably with freshwater mussels, should help.


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The Midwest Region includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio and Wisconsin. Find a location near you
Endangered Species Program
Conserving and restoring threatened and endangered species and their ecosystems
2006 Traditional S6 Grants
Mine Stability and Implications For Endangered Bat Conservation.
View entire project proposal (4-page PDF)
Project Title: Mine Stability and Implications For Endangered Bat Conservation.
Federal Program: ENDANGERED SPECIES-WILDLIFE DIVERSITY
Contact Person: Dr. George A. Feldhamer
Grantee Name: Southern lllinois University/George Feldhamer
Funding Request: $25.219
Duration of Project: This project is scheduled for two years starting in September 2006. Room selection and deployment of temperature loggers and monitoring mats will be done during September 2006. Monitoring of sloughing instability will begin in October 2006. Monthly visits will be made to the mines with fieldwork concluding October 2007.
Data entry, analyses and completing final reports will be conducted from November 2007 to September 2008.
A. Project Justification: The complex of over 50 abandoned micro-crystalline silica mines owned by Unimin Minerals in southern lllinois has become an increasingly important resource for the endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). At least 14 of these mines are large enough to accommodate substantial numbers of hibernating bats. An estimated 52,400 bats (est. in 2005) of 5 different species hibernate within these mines. Indiana bats were first discovered using one of these abandoned mines in 1996. In 2005, an estimated 37,500 Indiana bats used 6 of the abandoned mines within the complex.
Additionally, male Indiana bats use these mines as roost sites during the summer, with an estimated 11,000 individuals in "bachelor colonies" among 6 mines. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of bats using these mines in recent years, as evidenced by yearly surveys of hibernacula. Such increases indicate that these mines are a desirable location for these bats to hibernate. Paradoxically, however, we are unsure if these mines are a safe place for hibernating bats. Like all abandoned mines, there is considerable settling and periodic cave-in or sloughing of material off ceilings and walls throughout these silica mines. While there is no evidence of large numbers of bats being killed by these events, the risk still exists. Unlike coal mines, these silica mines do not harbor toxic or flammable gases. Therefore, only periodic cave-ins represent a potential danger to hibernating bats. The proposed project will examine mine instability in relation to the potential danger it represents to hibernating bats.
B. Project Objective: Our objective is to quantify the extent of instability in abandoned silica mines and the potential danger posed to hibernating bats. Instability - measured as the percentage of material sloughing from ceilings and walls per unit of time - will be determined as a function of the following variables: time of year, mean internal and external temperature, range of internal and external temperature variability, moisture content of silica, and presence of clay seams or other material impurities.
C. Expected Results and/or Benefits: In meetings with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, concerns were raised about the stability of these silica mines with regard to the safety of the bats using them as hibernacula. This project is designed to answer those concerns before additional time and resources are expended to enhance and protect hibernacula that may, because of their inherent instability, ultimately further endanger populations.
D. Project Approach: Because f the problems associated with disturbance to hibernating or roosting bats, mines with large numbers of Indiana bats (such as Magazine Mine and Mine 30) will be excluded from this study. Instead, we will select 10 mines without large numbers of Indiana bats. Within each of these mines, we will randomly select rooms that are relatively stable, intermediately stable, and unstable. Stable rooms will be rooms where little or no material has fallen from the ceiling or walls. Often in stable rooms the original tire tracks from the mining equipment can still be seen. Intermediate rooms are those where some material has fallen from the ceiling, but no large areas have collapsed. Generally, the fallen materials on the floor are <30 cm deep and < 9 m2. Unstable rooms are those where large sections of the ceiling have collapsed and the material on the floor is 30 to 100 cm deep and> 9 m2.
Stability will be examined in some locations monthly, and in other locations every 3 months. Ten stable, intermediate and unstable rooms will be monitored each month from September 2006 to September 2007. In addition, 30 stable, intermediate, and unstable rooms (total of 90) will be monitored once every 3 months from September 2006 to September 2007. Within each room, monitoring mats (black plastic sheets 9 m2) will be placed in 5 locations. One mat will be placed in the center of the room, with the four other mats placed adjacent to the walls in each cardinal direction. During each visit the mats will be checked and photographed for evidence of new material. We also will estimate the total area (ceiling and walls) of each room.
Within each room a temperature data logger will be installed. Data loggers will record the temperature within the room every hour. The data loggers will be downloaded once a year or as needed. Within each room, a sample will be taken of any material that falls on the collecting mats. These samples will be tested for moisture content. Random samples of stable material (that which has not fallen) will be collected and analyzed as well for comparative purposes. Finally, within each room the number and relative size of clay seams and any other evidence of impurities (e.g. color change) in the silica will be noted.
E. Project Location(s): The microcrystalline deposit in which the mines are located is approximately 5 x 10 km in size, and is located in Union and Alexander Counties, Illinois. The mineral rights and therefore access rights are owned by Unimin Minerals. The surface ownership is mostly the U.S. Forest Service and private landowners. Unimin Minerals has granted SIUC unlimited access rights to conduct this study.
F. Estimated Cost/Budget - see PDF
G. Illinois DNR Personnel: Joseph Kath with the Illinois DNR-Office of Resource
Conservation will serve as the state project leaders and will be coordinating with other
lDNR employees on this project.
View entire project proposal (4-page PDF)
Last updated: March 12, 2018