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Department of Economics Home Page
David C. Rose, Professor, and Chairperson
Ph.D., University of Virginia
Sel Dibooglu, Professor
Ph.D., Iowa State University
Susan K. Feigenbaum, Professor
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin
Thomas R. Ireland, Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., University of Virginia
Sharon G. Levin, Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., University of Michigan
William E. Mitchell, Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Duke University
Donald Phares, Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., Syracuse University
Robert L. Sorensen, Professor, Director of Undergraduate Studies
Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Lawrence H. White, Professor; Friedrich A. Hayek Professor in Economic History
Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles
Anne E. Winkler, Professor Economics and Public Policy Administration
Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Clinton A. Greene, Associate Professor
Ph.D., University of California-Davis
Donald J. Kridel, Associate Professor, Director of Graduate Studies
Ph.D., University of Arizona
Shirley L. Porterfield, Associate Professor, Economics and Social Work
Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison
Herbert D. Werner, Associate Professor Emeritus
Ph.D., University of California-Berkeley
Lea-Rachel Kosnik, Assistant Professor
Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles
William H. Rogers, Assistant Professor
Ph.D., Colorado State University
Donald C. Sweeney II, Teaching Professor, Economics and College of Business; Associate Director, Center for Transportation Studies
Ph.D., Washington University
Michael T. Allison, Associate Teaching Professor
A.B.D., University of Virginia
Kathleen Phares, Senior Lecturer Emeritus
M.A., University of Missouri-St. Louis
Brian Speicher, Senior Lecturer
A.B.D., Washington University
Barbara Flowers, Lecturer, and Director for the Center for Entrepreneurship And Economic Education
M.A., University of Missouri-St. Louis
General Information
Degrees and Areas of Concentration
Several degree programs are offered by the economics department. The B.A. in economics provides a flexible liberal arts orientation for students. The B.S. in economics places more emphasis upon developing the analytical and quantitative skills used in analysis. Both degrees can be tailored to meet the career interests of the student.
The economics faculty considers research an integral part of good teaching. Research projects in recent years have dealt with energy, public choice, industrial organization, property rights, wage discrimination, urban economic development, health economics, economics of science, economics of gender, poverty and welfare, economics of culture, and government regulations.
The economics department also offers courses at the undergraduate level in geography.
A graduate program offers work leading to the M.A. degree in economics in preparation for careers in teaching, research, government, and industry. The program includes course work in microeconomic theory, macroeconomic theory, and econometrics, as well as elective courses in international trade, international finance, monetary theory, industrial organization, public finance, labor, urban, and natural resource economics. The program can accommodate prospective full-time students as well as those who wish to study part-time solely in the evening. Classes are small, and student-faculty interaction is encouraged.
Departmental Honors
A student may earn departmental honors with a GPA of 3.6 in economics and the recommendation of the department.
Minor in Economics
A minor in economics is also available. See the following section for requirements.
Undergraduate Studies
Students completing the B.A. and B.S. in Economics are expected to have achieved the following learning outcomes:
- Use economic reasoning to interpret and evaluate social, political and economic arguments, and policies.
- Use mathematical methods to interpret and analyze economic models to assess their logical validity and to model economic phenomena.
- Use statistical methods to interpret and analyze economic data and to assess the empirical validity of economic propositions.
- Employ their understanding of key market institutions such as property rights and contracts and economic organizations such as the Federal Reserve System and the International Monetary Fund to analyze economic behavior and evaluate public policy.
- Identify the causes and consequences of poverty and prosperity across and within societies.
- Predict changes in key macroeconomic variables in response to changes in social, political, and economic policy as well as non-economic events such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and changes in consumer confidence.
- Write a research paper that employs sound economic reasoning and, where appropriate, uses data and statistical methods to analyze an economic policy.
General Education Requirements
All undergraduate economics majors must meet the university and college general education requirements. Candidates for the B.A. degree may take any foreign language to meet this requirement. Candidates for the B.S. degree take mathematics and quantitative courses instead of the foreign language requirement. Courses in economics may be used to meet the university social sciences requirement.
Education majors specializing in economics must fulfill the requirements for the bachelor of arts degree. These majors are responsible for obtaining an adviser in the Department of Economics.
All prerequisites for economics courses must be completed with a C- or better.
Satisfactory/unsatisfactory Option
Courses outside the major field and ECON 1001, Principles of Microeconomics, and ECON 1002, Principles of Macroeconomics, may be taken on a satisfactory/unsatisfactory basis.
Degree Requirements
Bachelor of Arts in Economics
Candidates for the B.A. degree must take at least 33, but no more than 45, hours in economics. At least 27 hours must be above the 2000 level. All required courses for the major must be completed with a grade of C- or better. The following courses are required:
1001, Principles of Microeconomics
1002, Principles of Macroeconomics
3001, Intermediate Economic Theory: Microeconomics
3002, Intermediate Economic Theory: Macroeconomics
3100, Economic Statistics
3200, Money, Banking, and Monetary Theory
3800, History of Economic Thought
Bachelor of Science in Economics
Candidates for the B.S. degree must complete at least 36, but no more than 45, hours in economics. At least 30 hours must be at or above the 2000 level. All required courses for the major must be completed with a grade of C- or better. The following courses are required:
1001, Principles of Microeconomics
1002, Principles of Macroeconomics
3001, Intermediate Economic Theory: Microeconomics
3002, Intermediate Economic Theory: Macroeconomics
3100, Economic Statistics
3200, Money, Banking, and Monetary Theory
4100, Introduction to Econometrics
MATH 1800, Analytic Geometry and Calculus I, or MATH 1100, Basic Calculus
Also required are two of the following:
4040, Analysis of Business Cycles
4030, Managerial Economics
4110, Applied Econometrics
4120, Time Series Econometrics for Economics and Finance
4130, Econometric and Time Series Forecasting
4150, Mathematical Economics
4160, Geospatial Economic Analysis or any mathematics course numbered 1900 or above (with consent of adviser)
Complementary Areas of Study
The department encourages all majors to develop breadth in related disciplines. Course work and minors are available in a number of areas such as business administration, computer science, statistics, and political science. Students should check with their advisers for recommendations concerning courses in these areas. The department suggests the following supplemental course work for students interested in pursuing doctoral-level graduate work in economics or careers in general business. It also encourages all students to obtain work experience by enrolling in the Internship in Applied Economics (ECON 4990).
Graduate School Preparation:
It is recommended that students considering doctoral-level graduate work in economics also take:
MATH 1900, Analytical Geometry and Calculus II
MATH 2000, Analytical Geometry and Calculus III
MATH 2020, Differential Equations
MATH 2450, Elementary Linear Algebra
MATH 4100, Advanced Calculus
MATH 4200, Mathematical Statistics I
General Business Preparation:
It is recommended that students interested in pursuing careers in business also take:
BUS AD 2400, Fundamentals of Financial Accounting
BUS AD 2410, Managerial Accounting
BUS AD 2900, Legal Environment of Business
BUS AD 3500, Financial Management
BUS AD 3700, Basic Marketing
Requirements for the Minor.
Candidates for a minor in economics must take a minimum of 18 hours in economics. At least 12 hours must be at or above the 2000 level. ECON 3100, Economic Statistics, cannot be counted towards the economics minor if the student has also taken MATH 1310, MATH 1320, MATH 1105, or the equivalent.
The following courses are required:
1001, Principles of Microeconomics
1002, Principles of Macroeconomics
3001, Intermediate Economic Theory: Microeconomics
It is also recommended that students take ECON 3002, Intermediate Economic Theory: Macroeconomics
A GPA of 2.0 or better is required for courses presented for the minor. The satisfactory/ unsatisfactory (s/u) option may be applied to ECON 1001 and 1002 only.
Graduate Studies
Students completing the M.A. in Economics are expected to have achieved the following learning outcomes:
- Interpret and analyze economic models and assess their validity.
- Use theoretical and empirical tools to design effective business and government policies.
- Use econometric methods to interpret and analyze economic data, to assess the empirical validity of economic propositions, evaluate business and government policies, and to forecast economic variables.
- Develop at least one topic area of expertise through familiarity with the relevant scholarly and professional literatures, policy issues, institutions, and current data trends.
- Develop at least one methodological area of expertise through the acquisition of the theoretical and empirical tools needed to understand scholarly and professional contributions to the literature to facilitate lifelong professional development and refinement of expertise.
- Write a professional qualityresearch paper.
- Develop sufficient proficiency in the use of theoretical and empirical tools and in understanding of economic institutions to excel in a Ph.D. program.
B.S./M.A. Dual Degree Program in Economics
The B.S./M.A. (also known as the "2+3") program is an accelerated program that allows students to complete a B.S. and a M.A. in economics in five years. The program allows students to apply 12 of the M.A. credit hours towards the B.S., reducing the overall required hours for the two degrees from the standard 150 (120 for the B.S. plus 30 for the M.A.) to 138 hours.
Candidates for the M.A. in Economics must complete a 30-hour semester curriculum. The following 3 courses (9 credit hours) are required:
ECON 5001, Microeconomics Analysis
ECON 5002, Macroeconomics Analysis
ECON 5100, Econometric Theory and Methods
In addition, 21 credit hours of electives must be completed. At most, six of these credit hours may be economics courses at the 4000 level (excluding Economics 4100 and ECON 4150 which cannot be utilized as part of the M.A. degree); all other electives must be at the 5000 level or higher.
Of the 30 hours taken in the M.A. program, 12 of these hours (per the approval of the Graduate Director) will also count toward the undergraduate B.S. requirements. All other requirements for the B.S. degree remain in effect.
Admission Requirements
Applicants must have completed between 60 and 108 credit hours. Applicants must have a minimum G.P.A. of 3.0 (both overall and in economics courses) and must be nominated by a full-time regular economics faculty member. Applicants must have completed all of the general education requirements as well as college algebra (or a higher level mathematics course), introductory microeconomics and introductory macroeconomics. Those accepted with fewer than 90 semester credit hours are accepted only on a provisional basis. Once the student has completed 90 semester hours of coursework (typically including ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, 3200, MATH 1800, and preferably ECON 4100) with a satisfactory G.P.A. (minimum G.P.A. of 3.0 overall and in economics courses) the provisional status is dropped.
It is recommended that applicants apply when they have completed 90 credit hours; further, it is recommended that applicants should complete intermediate microeconomics (ECON 3001) and/or introductory econometrics (ECON 4100) before applying.
Awarding of Degree
Both degrees (the B.S. and M.A.) will be awarded when all requirements for the entire program have been completed. In other words, the B.S. and M.A. degrees will be simultaneously awarded at the completion of study.
Students who officially withdraw from the B.S./M.A. Dual Degree Program in Economics and who have successfully completed all of the requirements for the B.S. degree will be awarded the B.S. degree.
Master of Arts in Economics
Admission Requirements
An undergraduate major in economics is not required for acceptance into the program. Application for admission may be submitted at any time, although class work formally begins in late August, mid-January, and mid-June. Candidates must meet the general admission requirements of the Graduate School, submit GRE scores (Advanced Economics optional), and submit two letters of recommendation from persons qualified to judge the candidate's potential for success in the program.
The admissions decision is based on the applicant's academic transcript, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, and a personal narrative on the application form.
Departmental Honors
A student may earn departmental honors with a GPA of 3.75 in all required courses for the M.A. degree and the recommendation of the department.
Degree Requirements
Candidates for the M.A. in Economics must complete a 30-hour semester curriculum.
Candidates need not have an undergraduate degree in economics. However, students are expected to have taken intermediate micro- and macro-economics, mathematical economics, and introductory econometrics prior to the beginning of the core curriculum. Students that do not have these courses will take these courses first; credits earned in these courses do not count towards the 30 hours required for the MA.
Required Core Courses
The following courses or their equivalents are required for the M.A. in Economics. Students with previous education in economics or business may waive some of these courses.
ECON 5001, Microeconomic Analysis
ECON 5002, Macroeconomic Analysis
ECON 5100, Econometric Theory and Methods
Candidates must complete at least 21 hours of electives. A maximum of 6 hours of economics electives may be taken at the 4000 level. With the approval of the graduate coordinator, students may take up to 9 hours of graduate courses outside the Department of Economics. In particular, students interested in business economics may take up to three approved graduate business courses for their electives.
Dual M.B.A./M.A. in Economics
For as few as 15 hours of additional course work in economics, a Master of Arts in Economics may be obtained along with your Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) degree. Once accepted into the M.B.A. Program, you need only complete an on-page application form to gain admittance to the Economics program as well. Fulltime students can easily complete the M.A. degree in a year's time, while part-time students can be accommodated over a longer time period. All courses are available during the evening. The following course of study is recommended for dual degree-seekers. It is assumed that students have already completed at least one course in calculus.
I) Core requirements – 9 hours
ECON 5001, Microeconomic Analysis
ECON 5002, Macroeconomic Analysis
ECON 5100, Econometric Theory and Methods
II) Electives – 21 hours
Twelve hours of graduate-level business electives (excluding BUS AD 5000, BUS AD 5001, and BUS AD 5002, INFSYS 6800 and LOG OM 5300) to be incorporated from your M.B.A. degree program. Six additional graduate hours in economics, three hours of which may be at the 4000 level.
Applicants need not have an undergraduate degree in economics. However, students are expected to have taken, either at the baccalaureate or M.B.A. level: Intermediate Microeconomics (ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001), Intermediate Macroeconomics (ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002), Mathematical Economics (ECON 4150), Money and Banking (ECON 3200), Statistical Analysis for Management Decisions (LOG OM 5300) and Introductory Econometrics (ECON 4100). Students that do not have these courses will take these courses first; credits earned in these courses do not count towards the hours required for the M.A.
Students must take at least 30 hours to complete the M.A. in Economics degree-core requirements (1) and electives (II) – and these courses must be completed within a period of six years.
Certificate in Forensic Economics
The Certificate in Forensic Economics is a program of study designed for individuals who wish to supplement previous graduate studies with training in the theory and application of forensic economics. The program is aimed at individuals who wish to prepare economic reports and offer expert economic testimony for selected areas of litigation. The entrance requirement is a master's degree in such areas as actuarial science, business administration, finance, economics, or public policy. An applicant must have had prior course work, or its equivalent, in: Intermediate Microeconomics, Intermediate Macroeconomics, and Statistics. Course work in labor economics and law and economics is recommended but not required. Individuals admitted to this certificate program will be nonmatriculating graduate students.
The certificate requires a minimum of 18 hours of course work in forensic economics. Students must complete:
ECON 5670, Assessment of Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death
ECON 5690, Writing Reports and Papers on Forensic Economics
Career Outlook
Economics is a language that provides the individual with a concise and logical way to study a wide range of problems and issues. It provides the flexibility for adapting to our ever-changing society, and it is also useful in everyday life. Thus, the economics major is excellent preparation for launching many careers. Economics graduates with a B.A. or B.S. degree pursue careers in banking, industry, and government. They use their training in economics as a foundation for a variety of jobs in management, personnel, sales, and marketing. Others continue their study of economics in graduate schools, earning M.A. and Ph.D. degrees. An undergraduate major in economics also provides a strong background for work on an M.B.A. or law degree. Economics is also important for careers in politics, journalism, and public and private service in foreign countries. Career planning materials are available in the Department of Economics, 408 SSB. For additional information, call the Director of Graduate Studies at (314) 516-5553.
Course Descriptions
Courses in this section are grouped as follows: Economics, Geography, and Home Economics.
Prerequisites may be waived by consent of the department.
1000 Introduction to the American Economy (3) [V, SS]
Introduction to economic analysis and problems through an examination of the development and operations of the American economy; study of its evolution, institutions, and principal problems. ECON 1000 does not substitute for ECON 1001 or 1002. Students who have already completed ECON 1001 or 1002 may not take ECON 1000 for credit.
1001 Principles of Microeconomics (3) [V, SS]
Prerequisite: MATH 1030. Introduction to the determinants of household demand, production and cost, and market prices. Applies the principles of individual decision-making behavior to understanding goods, services, and resource markets.
1002 Principles of Macroeconomics (3) [SS]
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. Introduction to the determination of levels of and changes in aggregate income, output, employment, and prices. Applies economic principles of choice to the formulation and achievement of public policies that affect national employment, income distribution, and economic growth.
1003 Microeconomics in the News: A Virtual Classroom (1)
Prerequisites: ECON 1000 or ECON 1001 or equivalent (may be taken concurrently). This course uses a virtual chatroom to host one hour of discussion weekly about current news events with microeconomic content. News articles will focus on business, pubic policy, and individual choices that can be understood within a microeconomics framework. Chatroom can be accessed from any location-on or off-campus-within Internet access.
1004 Macroeconomics in the News: A Virtual Classroom (1)
Prerequisites: ECON 1002 or equivalent (may be taken currently). This course uses a virtual chatroom to host one hour of discussion, weekly, about current news events with macroeconomic content. News articles will focus on macroeconomic phenomena – e.g., interest rates, the global economy, the Federal Reserve and pubic policy decisions – that can be understood within a macroeconomics framework. Chatroom can be accessed from any location – on or off – campus – with Internet access.
Prerequisites: None. Provides social service professionals that work with low income individuals and families with an understanding of the principles of personal financial management. Case studies are used to apply course content and to develop training strategies for clients to improve household financial management. The role of financial institutions and government policies as well as their impact on low income families is also examined. Resources to use with clients will be identified. Economics 1005 does not count toward a major or minor in Economics.
1500 Entertainment Economics: The Movie Industry (3) [SS]
This survey course examines the interrelationships between economics and the movie industry. It explores the impact of economic factors on the production, distribution and exhibition of movies, focusing on the rise and fall of the studio system, role of technological change in the evolution of cinematography and the movie marketplace, financing and market segmentation, globalization and changing industrial structure within which films are produced. To the extent that movies reflect and contribute to popular economic perspectives, this course also evaluates the soundness of the movie industry's depiction of a variety of economic doctrines. Classes will consist of lecture, discussion, and brief film screenings. This course does not count towards the hours required for an Economic major.
2010 The Business Firm: History, Theory, and Policy (3) [V, SS]
Prerequisites: ECON 1000 or 1001 or consent of instructor. This course presents a history of development of modern business firms and examines the evolution of the economic theory of the firm. Special attention paid to the role that firms play in fostering social and economic development. Objective of course is to provide students with deeper understanding of firms so that they can make better policy decisions as owners, managers, lawmakers, regulators, and voters.
2410 Work, Families, and Public Policy (3) [MI, SS]
Prerequisite: ECON 1000 or 1001. Same as WGST 2410. This course compares the economic behavior of women and men in both the labor market and the household. Topics include: the family as an economic (production) unit, gender differences in labor force participation, occupations and earnings; the effectiveness of human capital theory and labor market discrimination in explaining the male-female wage gap; remedies for reducing the wage gap; family structure and economic well-being; and alternative policies to alleviate poverty.
2610 The Economics of Professional Sports (3) [V, SS]
Prerequisite: ECON 1000 or equivalent or consent of instructor. This course will survey the economic organization of professional sports team industries and the relationship of sports teams to their employees, fans, and governments. Economic issues relating to salaries and labor disputes, monopoly practices, cartels and pricing, team location decisions, and public subsidies for professional sports teams will be analyzed.
2650 Law and Economics (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. Analysis of the economic role of property rights and contracts in the private for-profit and not-for-profit sectors of the economy. Considers economic incentives to form organizations as one alternative and to form contracts as another. Considers the economic efficiency of the common law and judicial systems in use in the United States.
2800 History of American Economic Development (3) [MI, SS]
Prerequisites: ECON 1000 or 1001 or consent of instructor. Same as HIST 2800. Uses economic concepts to explain historical developments in American economy, beginning with hunter-gatherers who crossed the Bering land bridge around 12,000 B.C. Main topics include Native American economies, European exploration and conquest, colonial economies, indentured servitude, American Revolution, U.S. Constitution, westward expansion, transportation, Industrial Revolution, state banking and free banking, slavery, Civil War, post-bellum agriculture, rise of big business and antitrust, banking panics, Federal Reserve Act, First and Second World Wars, New Deal, and growth of government in postwar economy.
3001 Intermediate Economic Theory: Microeconomics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. Analysis of prices in terms of equilibrium of the business firm and consumer demand in markets of varying degrees of competition.
3002 Intermediate Economic Theory: Macroeconomics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001, 1002; ECON 3200 is recommended. Study of national income, expenditure, and the forces determining the level of economic activity. Special emphasis on the theory of income determination and its application to public policy.
Prerequisites: ECON 1001. When the best course of action depends on the decisions made by others, strategy becomes important. Game theory provides the tools for analyzing such strategic decision making. Strategic behavior is analyzed in the context of business, logistics, biology, war, government, politics, and everyday life. A wide variety of in-class experiments are used to illustrate key concepts.
3052 Microeconomics for the School Curriculum (1-3)
Prerequisite: Junior standing. Analysis of market forces, with emphasis on business firms, households, and productive-factor markets, price determination, and resource allocation. Special reference to topics included in elementary and secondary school social science curricula. ECON 3052 may not be used by economics majors to meet degree requirements.
3055 Economics Issues for the School Curriculum (3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and consent of instructor. An analysis of selected economic issues appropriate to instruction in secondary and elementary schools. May be taken more than once for credit, provided the topic of the course is different each time. May not normally be used by economics majors to meet degree requirements. This course does not fulfill the undergraduate economics requirement for education majors.
3100 Economic Statistics (3)
Prerequisites: MATH 1030, ECON 1001, and ECON 1002. Introduction to economic data sources, data interpretation and statistical inference as used in economic analysis. Emphasizes the testing of economic hypotheses and the development and estimation of economic models. Introduces the use of statistical software used in economics.
3200 Money, Banking, and Monetary Theory (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. Factors influencing bank reserves and the money supply. Ability of the Federal Reserve System and the Treasury to control these factors. Introduction to monetary theory; integration of monetary phenomena with national income theory. Analysis of current policy issues.
3300 International Economic Analysis (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. Introduction to the theories of international trade and finance including determinants of trade, the effects of trade on overall economic performance, trade restrictions, balance of payments, exchange rates, international economic integration and international financial crises. Discussion of current institutions and economic developments in the global economy.
3320 Economic Development (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. Survey of economic growth as applied to developed and underdeveloped countries. Analysis of development policies with emphasis on case studies. Case studies may include the United States, Western Europe, or Latin America.
3400 Labor Economics (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. Examines the labor market in the economy. Considers the theories of labor supply, labor demand, and market determination of wages. Other topics include noncompetitive markets, internal labor markets, the theory of human capital, compensating wage differentials, labor market discrimination, unions and collective bargaining, unemployment, and poverty and the distribution of income.
3500 Public Finance (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1002 and ECON 3001. Analysis of the role of government expenditures and taxation. Topics include: (1) analysis of public goods and externalities, models of collective choice, elements of benefit-cost analysis, the theory of bureaucracy, governments as agents in markets; and (2) analysis of the economic role of governments, subsidies and taxes in the federal system, criteria for tax evaluation, the nature of tax legislation, private decision making under different tax institutions, and government borrowing.
3600 Industrial Organization (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. A theoretical and empirical analysis of the actions of firms under alternative forms of market organization. The role of economics of scale, product differentiation, mergers, and advertising in affecting industry structure, and the impact of the resulting industry structure on pricing, output, promotion, and technology decisions of firms.
3700 Urban and Regional Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. A survey of factors affecting the location of economic activity, industrial diversity, determinants of urban growth, the role of urban public economy, and the management of the urban environment.
3750 The Political Economy of Health Care (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001. The course provides an economic perspective on the working of the health care market, focusing on the effects of government regulation, tax policy, and entitlement programs. There will be a detailed review of existing U.S. health care financing programs (e.g., Medicare, Medicaid), as well as financing systems of other developed countries. Health care policy will be evaluated according to its impact on quality, cost, and access to medical care and, ultimately, the overall health status of our population.
3800 History of Economic Thought (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. The evolution of economic thought from the ancients through post-Keynesian theory.
3900 Selected Topics in Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002. Analysis of a selected economic topic. The topic selected will vary from semester to semester. This course may be taken for credit more than once as long as the topic discussed in each semester is different.
4030 Managerial Economics (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or equivalent; MATH 1800 or 1100 recommended. Application of microeconomic theory to decision-making process in the business firm. Topics include pricing and profit strategy, cost analysis, decision making under uncertainty, technology, innovation, and productivity growth, and the structure and organization of firms. Problem-solving and case-study approach used.
4040 Analysis of Business Cycles (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3200; 3002; 3100. This course focuses on the empirical regularities in macroeconomics commonly referred to as the business cycle. It examines the variability and co-movements of aggregate economic variables and explores alternative theoretical explanations of these phenomena.
4100 Introduction to Econometrics (4)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002; ECON 3100; MATH 1800 or MATH 1100; or consent of instructor. An introduction to quantitative analysis of economic behavior. The ordinary least squares technique and the assumptions underlying it are developed. Methods designed to detect and correct for the violations of these assumptions are examined. Special emphasis is given to the practical application of the procedures discussed through the use of computer exercises.
4105 Quantitative Methods and Modeling in Economics, Business and the Social Sciences (3)
Prerequisites: MATH 1030; ECON 1001 or junior standing. This course focuses on the application of mathematical techniques to model building. The course reviews various mathematical techniques and shows students how they can be used for describing various social and business phenomena. Specific examples from the business, economics, criminology and other social sciences will be employed to reinforce the mathematical tools and concepts discussed. Students who have previously completed ECON 4150 or MATH 1800 or MATH 1100 may not take this course for credit.
4110 Applied Econometrics (4)
Prerequisite: ECON 4100 or equivalent. Concepts, techniques, and advanced applications of econometrics. Emphasis on developing a critical understanding of the appropriateness and limitations of a variety of state-of-the-art techniques used to model economic or political processes. Topics will include joint tests of hypotheses, estimation of lagged effects, models of qualitative choice, simultaneous systems, and outlier diagnostics. This course includes laboratory work in quantitative economic analysis.
4120 Time Series Econometrics for Economics and Finance (4)
Prerequisites: ECON 4100 or equivalent and a solid foundation in statistics. Introduction to application of econometric methods to time-series data. Emphasis on model specification as it applies to macroeconomic or financial data. Topics include: Stationary and non-stationary time-series, seasonality, random walks, unit roots, Dickey-Fuller tests, cointegration, ARCH/GARCH models, and general to specific modeling (ADLs). Specific applications to macro-economics, international economics and/or financial markets.
4130 Business and Economic Forecasting (4)
Prerequisite: ECON 4100 or equivalent. Alternative forecasting methodologies for economic time series will be analyzed and discussed. The focus of the course will be: (1) the development of time-series (ARIMA) models and their application to forecasting; (2) the use of standard econometric models for forecasting; and (3) evaluation and comparison of these methods and the conditions under which each is the appropriate methodology. This course includes laboratory work in quantitative economic analysis.
4150 Mathematical Economics (3)
Prerequisites: MATH 1800 or 1100, ECON 3001, or BUS AD 5000 or 5001. This course uses calculus and other mathematical tools to analyze economic phenomena. In addition to exploring techniques used to solve unconstrained and constrained optimization problems, the course also examines how matrix algebra is used in economic modeling. This course allows students to mathematically analyze economic models which receive graphical treatment in lower level courses.
4160 Geospatial Analysis in the Social Sciences(3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing. ECON 1001 or consent of instructor. Analysis of geospatial data relating to a variety of social phenomena using geographic information systems (GIS) software. Students will learn how geospatial analysis can be integrated into research projects and presentations (e.g., creating maps to present and analyze social, political and economic data). Students will also learn how criminal activity, economic activity, voting patterns and other social behavior are spatially correlated with demographic data. As a culminating project, students will learn how to apply GIS techniques, including but not limited to sophisticated spatial modeling of social behavior.
4170 Fundamentals of Cost-Benefit Analysis (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or equivalent. The purpose of this course is to provide a systemic and rigorous way of thinking about the measurement of benefits and costs when evaluating public projects, programs or regulations. Cost-benefit analysis has wide application, including: environmental resource use, highway construction projects, safety regulations, taxation of cigarettes, and investment in higher education. Given the prevalence of cost-benefit analysis in government budgetary processes, this course will develop critical appraisal skills to evaluate the appropriateness of these analyses.
4210 Financial Markets and Institutions (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3200. Demand, supply, and flow of funds in the macrofinancial system, including money, capital, futures, and foreign exchange markets. Examines types and historical development of domestic and international financial intermediaries operating within these markets, decision-making within individual intermediaries, their regulatory environment, and how their portfolio decisions affect flows in the financial system.
4500 Public Finance: State and Local (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 1001 and 1002 and junior standing. A study of expenditure, taxation, and financial administration of state and local governments, with emphasis on problems of current interest. Special attention given to research methods, as well as financial relations between various levels of government.
4510 Public Choice (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or consent of instructor. Public choice is the analysis of government and governmental institutions through the logic of economics. It assumes the same principles that economists use to analyze actions in the marketplace, and applies them to actions made in collective decision–making. Topics covered include: the efficiency of democracy, voting methods, the incentives of legislators, bureaucrats and lobbyists, political competition, and public institutions and economic growth.
4550 Natural Resource Economics (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 1001, or consent of instructor, junior standing. The relationship between human activity and the world's natural resources requires choices. This course uses an economics perspective to study these choices. This perspective uses the view of the environment as an asset for its starting point. Issues concerning the optimal and sustainable use of natural resources are examined in this context. Special emphasis is given to potential policy responses to environmental problems.
4720 The Economics of Real Estate and Land Use Policy (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 and ECON 4100. This course will introduce economic theory and analysis of the real estate market's micro and macro characteristics. Public policy impacting both the residential and commercial property markets will be discusses using the models developed in the course. Topics include price and location theory, growth and growth patterns, urban sprawl, migration, regulation of land and capital, provision of public goods, and non-market valuation econometric modeling. Hands on applications of various non-market econometric models will be provided.
4900 Advanced Topics in Economic Analysis (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or 3002 or consent of instructor. Study of a specific topic in Economics that may vary from semester to semester. May be taken for credit more than once if the topics are different.
4980 Special Readings (1-6)
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor; grade point of 3.0 or higher in economics. Unscheduled, independent directed readings on topics mutually acceptable to student and instructor. Maximum credit limited to six hours.
4990 Internship in Applied Economics (2-6)
Prerequisites: Junior standing, ECON 3001, and consent of instructor. Independent study involving work with appropriate private firm or public agency. Maximum of 6 hours may be earned, only 3 of which may be applied to economics major.
5001 Microeconomic Analysis (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002; ECON 4150. Survey of microeconomic comparative statistics. Detailed examination of demand and supply, product, and factor markets. Partial equilibrium in competitive, imperfectly competitive, and monopolistic markets.
5002 Macroeconomic Analysis (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3200; ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002; ECON 4150. Aggregate economic theory, including analysis of the determinants of income, output, employment, and prices. Employment and price-level effects of consumer and investment demand, the money supply and interest rates, and government policies.
5010 Microeconomics for Policy Analysis (3)
Prerequisites: Graduate Student Standing. Same as P P ADM 6080. This course introduces microeconomic analysis of consumers, firms, and government, with an emphasis on policy applications. It assumes no prior training in economics and is appropriate for graduate students in public policy administration, nonprofit management, political science, gerontology, criminology and criminal justice, and other related fields. This course may not be used by economics students to meet M. A. degree requirements.
5052 Microeconomics for the School Curriculum (1-3)
Prerequisite: Bachelor's degree from an accredited institution or consent of instructor. Analysis of market forces, with emphasis on business firms, households, productive factor markets, price determination and resource allocations. Special reference to topics included in the elementary and secondary school social science curricula.
5055 Economic Issues for the School Curriculum (1-3)
Prerequisites: Junior standing and consent of instructor. An analysis of selected economic issues appropriate to instruction in secondary and elementary schools. May be taken more than once for credit, provided the topic of the course is different each time. May not normally be used by economics majors to meet degree requirements.
5100 Econometric Theory and Methods (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002; ECON 4150; ECON 4100 or LOG OM 5300; MATH 2450 or equivalent. A rigorous review of statistical models and methods relevant to the estimation and testing of economic relationships. Emphasis on the theoretical underpinnings of techniques commonly used for single and multiple equation estimation and hypothesis testing. Topics include ordinary and generalized least squares, robust regression, and simultaneous equations estimation.
5110 Topics in Applied Econometrics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 4100, or ECON 5100 or LOG OM 5300; MATH 2450 or equivalent. Concepts and application of advanced econometric techniques. Students will develop a thorough understanding of the appropriateness and application of a variety of state-of-the art techniques. Topics will include specification tests, polynomial distributed lags, discrete choice, pooled time-series cross-section, simultaneous equations and outlier detection.
5120 Advanced Topics in Time Series Econometrics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 4100 or equivalent and a solid foundation in statistics. Application of econometric methods to time-series data. Emphasis on model specification as it applies to macroeconomic or financial data. Advanced Topics include: Stationary and non-stationary time-series, seasonality, random walks, unit roots, Dickey-Fuller tests, cointegration, ARCH/GARCH models, and general to specific modeling (ADLs). Specific applications to macro-economics, international economics and/or financial markets.
5130 Advanced Topics in Business and Economic Forecasting (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001, ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002, ECON 4150, ECON 4100 or LOG OM 5300. This course develops the alternative techniques which are used to forecast economic time series. Each forecasting technique will be evaluated in terms of its theoretical soundness and predictive track record. Students will also learn to use these techniques to differentiate among competing economic models.
5140 Seminar in Economic Research (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3200; ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002. Research methods applied to economics. Develops efficiency and skill in conducting research and communicating the results with written reports and oral presentations. This course must be taken within the first year of study after completion of the prerequisites.
5200 MonetaryTheory and Policy (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3200; ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002 or BUS AD 5002; ECON 4150. An examination of how monetary policy has affected the economy in the past and how it can improve economic performance in the future. Topics include: the origins of money, money supply, money demand, the determinants of real and nominal interest rates, the term structure of interest rates, the impact of discretionary monetary policy on the domestic economy and foreign exchange markets, and the domestic economy and foreign exchange markets, and the relationship between monetary policy and federal government deficits.
5210 Financial Markets (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3200; ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 3002. Demand, supply, and flow of funds in allocating credit and distributing risk in the macrofinancial system. The saving investment process, the rationale for financial markets, and the role of financial intermediaries are studied within the framework of the flow of funds accounts. Special attention is given to the operation of money, capital, futures, and foreign financial markets and the impact of public policy on the structure and performance of financial markets.
5300 International Trade (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001. Survey of the modern theories of international trade and their applications including factor endowments and other, trade restrictions, foreign investment, trade and economic development, and balance of payments and exchange rates. Discussion of current institutions and economic developments in the global economy.
5301 International Finance (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3200, ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5002. Application of economic theory to international financial issues and discussion of current financial institutions and developments in the global economy. Topics include the international payments mechanism, the balance of payments, foreign exchange markets, international linkages, world inflation, capital flows, and macroeconomic policy in open economies.
5400 Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001. This course examines labor supply, labor demand, and market determination of wages. Topics covered include the effect of technological change on employment, trends in labor force participation, the impact of government taxes and transfers on labor supply, poverty, and its economic consequences, the human capital model and its implications for investment in education and on-the-job training, and theories of economic discrimination and empirical measurement issues. Throughout the course, current public policy debates are examined using the theoretical models developed.
5500 Public Sector Microeconomics (3)
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001, or P P ADM 6080. Same as P P ADM 6210. Application of tools of intermediate microeconomics to address public sector issues. Special emphasis is placed on critically analyzing current public policy debates using the models developed. Topics covered include: cases in which competitive market fails to allocate resources efficiently (e.g., externalities and public goods), importance of property rights, incentive effects of the tax and transfer system, and the fundamentals of cost-benefit analysis.
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or consent of instructor. Public choice is the analysis of government and governmental institutions through the logic of economics. It assumes the same principles that economists use to analyze actions in the marketplace, and applies them to actions made in collective decision-making. Topics covered include: the efficiency of democracy, voting methods, the incentives of legislators, bureaucrats and lobbyists, political competition, and public institutions and economic growth.
5600 Structure and Performance of United States Industry (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001; ECON 4150. An analysis of the functioning of business firms under alternative market arrangements. Topics include: the theory and measurement of monopoly power and the role of economies of scale, product differentiation, and entry conditions in affecting this power; the impact of market power on the price-setting behavior, advertising and promotional strategies, and technological innovation of firms; the role of government policy in promoting or preventing competition among firms.
5630 Economics of Telecommunications (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, BUS AD 5000 or BUS AD 5001 and ECON 4150. Application of economic theory and techniques to the telecommunications industry. Topics include demand theory for telephone access and use, consumer surplus models for subscription choice, nonlinear pricing strategies including pure and mixed bundling and multi-part tariffs, the incentives of the firm under various regulatory regimes, a comparison of rate-of-return regulation and incentive (price cap) regulation, and the impact of carrier-of-last-resort responsibilities.
5640 Transportation Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3301 or BUS AD 5000. This course makes use of range of economic concepts to examine the nature of markets in which transport services are provided. This course is designed for future transportation professionals who wish to explore the fundamentals of economics in their field and for graduate students in public policy and economics wishing an economics-based understanding of transportation issues. Basic concepts covered include the theory of transportation demand, transportation costs and investment planning, and current topics in transportation economics such as regulation-deregulation and social cost pricing.
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, or equivalent, or consent of instructor. Reviews issues of law that dictate conditions under which forensic economic analysis is admissible. Topics include introduction to common law, federal and state court systems, statutory basis for wrongful death damages, "make, differences by class of litigation, determination of whole" principle, efficient deterrence and efficient compensation relevant law, legal implications of "preferred jury instructions," standards for admissibility of economic expertise.
5660 Labor Economics for Forensic Economists (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Focuses on areas of labor economics of special importance in forensic economic analysis. Topics include human capital as a recoverable asset, age-earnings cycles, variations in age-earnings cycles, earning capacity versus expected earnings, theories of family and family bargaining, theory of discrimination and tests for presence of discrimination.
5670 Assessment of Damages in Personal Injury and Wrongful Death (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Reviews methodologies for standard damage categories in forensic economic analysis. Topics include methods for establishing base earnings, use of age-earnings profile data, discount rates, net discount rates and stability of relationship between wage growth and discount rates, analysis of fringe benefit packages, concepts and measurement of nonmarket family services, hedonic damage controversy, analysis of personal consumption/personal maintenance for wrongful death cases.
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Review of relevant statistical techniques, data sources, and reliability factors. Since factual information about individual tort victims is often limited in forensic economic assessment, this course deals extensively with issues of inference that must be made with little data. Also addresses issues of scientific admissibility and Internet as a potential source of relevant data.
5690 Writing Reports and Papers in Forensic Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100, or equivalent; or consent of instructor. A professional writing course in which students are expected to prepare both a report suitable for litigation and a paper written in publication format for a professional journal or law review. Some student papers will be publishable in specialized journals, legal publications, and law reviews.
5695 Internship in Forensic Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001, 3002, 3100 or equivalent; or consent of instructor. Internship with litigation division in law or accounting practice, or with forensic consulting firm. Internship activities and products will be monitored largely through Internet interaction between student and faculty.
5700 Regional and Urban Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001. Investigate the spatial aspects of urban and regional economics: location theory, market areas, and agglomerations. The focus in on the description and explanation of the spatial allocation of economic activity with particular attention paid to the role of cities. Topics will include regional development and regional development strategies, the growth of cities, firm location decision, spatial externalities, sprawl, and firm location.
5720 Real Estate Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 and ECON 4100. This course will introduce economic theory and analysis of the real estate market's micro and macro characteristics. Public policy impacting both the residential and commercial property markets will be discussed using the models developed in the course. Topics include price and location theory, growth and growth patterns, urban sprawl, migration, regulation of land and capital, provision of public goods, and non-market valuation econometric modeling. Hands-on applications of various non-market econometric models will be provided.
Prerequisite: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5000 or consent of instructor. This course investigates the impact of government policy on health care provision and financing, focusing on the effect of entitlement programs, tax policy, and government regulation. Applying standard economics techniques, students will analyze incentives facing the decision makers in the health care system and ways in which they are altered by government policy. Attention will also be given to rationales for government intervention and roles of interest groups in the formulation of U.S. health care policy. The course will provide a detailed review of specific federal and state government financing programs, primarily focusing on Medicare and Medicaid, and will include discussion of the economic aspects of current health finance reform proposals.
5760 Health Economics (3)
Prerequisites: ECON 3001 or BUS AD 5001. This course applies microeconomic theory and statistical techniques to understand decision making in health care markets. The effects of government policies on the health care choices of consumers and providers are identified and quantified; attention is given to federal and state entitlement programs, regulations, tax policies and antitrust enforcement. The role of insurance as a risk-sharing device is explored, along with its implications for pricing and health care utilization.
5900 Advanced Topics in Economic Analysis (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of the instructor. Study of a specific economics topic, which may vary from semester to semester. May be taken more than once if the topic is different.
5980 Directed Readings (1-6)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. Independent study through readings, reports, research projects, and conferences.
1001 Introduction to Geography (3) [MI, SS]
Prerequisite: None. An introduction to geography as a social science. The identification and explanation of order in the human landscape. A survey of the social, political, economic, and psychological factors which influence geographic patterns.
1002 World Regions (3)
Prerequisite: None. Survey of the major regions of the world. Designed to give the student an awareness of the character of each of these major regions through the interrelationships of the various attributes of place. Each semester the geographic perspective will be applied in greater depth to one significant country such as Afghanistan, Iraq, or North Korea.
Prerequisite: None. This course examines the effect of geography on culture and cultural groups. Essential to the geographic perspective is identifying the effect on cultures of the current trend toward increasing globalization. Topics include language, religion, attitudes, and the effect of technology. The major goals are to increase awareness of the diversity of human cultures and to prepare students for a world of increasing intercultural communication and conflict. Satisfies cultural diversity requirement.
2900 Special Readings in Geography (3)
Prerequisite: Consent of instructor. This course will provide a more in-depth analysis of the various factors which influence geographic patterns. The topic selected will vary from semester to semester. This course may be taken for credit more than once as long as the topic discussed in each semester is different.
Prerequisites: Junior standing or consent of instructor. Analysis of selected geography topics. The topics selected will vary from semester to semester. This course may be taken for credit more than once as long as the topics discussed in each semester are different.
Home Economics
1110 Nutrition in Health (3)
A study of dietary nutrients essential for health, proper selection of foods to provide them, and current issues affecting them.


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Louisiana Drug Rehab
Cenikor is committed to helping people deal with behavioral health issues and addictions by providing a full continuum of care. Cenikor has a variety of programs including short-term and long-term inpatient programs, detoxification, outpatient and intensive outpatient services. Cenikor also provides adolescent short-term inpatient treatment, outpatient and intensive outpatient care.
Cenikor Foundation is one of the oldest and most successful substance abuse treatment centers in the nation with services throughout Texas and Louisiana. Since 1967, Cenikor has expanded to assist approximately 1,000 people a week achieve better health and better lives.
Cenikor Foundation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, dedicated to providing quality behavioral health care services to the communities we serve.

subset: commoncrawl


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ECHL Game Night: 10/27/10
Kalamazoo Wings 2 @ Florida Everblades 3
C Mitch Fadden: Did not play.
Season totals: 5 GP, 1-6-7, -1, 4 PIM
LW Alex Hutchings: 1-0-1, +1, 4 SOG, *Second Star*
Season totals: 4 GP, 1-0-1, -4, 0 PIM
G Jaroslav Janus: Did not play.
Season totals: 3 GP, 1-2-0-0, 5.58 GAA, .800 sv%, 0 SO
Florida scored three times in the third period to turn a 1-0 deficit into a 3-2 win over previously unbeaten Kalamazoo. Hutchings' first professional goal was the game winner, scored at 13:20 of the third period. Mitch Fadden wasn't in the lineup, and may have been recalled to Norfolk after Blair Jones was called up from the Admirals to the Lightning. Hutchings had 47 goals and 34 assists for 81 points in 68 games last year for Barrie of the OHL. Former Lightning second rounder Mike Egener was scoreless in the game. He is serving as captain of the Everblades.
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Winter storm socks the Deep South with snow, ice; students stranded in Ala. Schools
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ATLANTA – The mad rush began at the first sight of snow: Across the Atlanta area, schools let out early and commuters left for home after lunch, instantly creating gridlock so severe that security guards and doormen took to the streets to direct cars amid a cacophony of blaring horns.
Georgia State University student Alex Tracy looked on with amusement.
"My family is from up north and we're used to driving in the snow and stuff, and seeing everyone freak out, sliding and stuff, it's pretty funny," Tracy said.
Mary McEneaney was not as amused with her commute from a fundraising job at Georgia Tech in Midtown Atlanta to her home about five miles away — normally a 20 to 40-minute drive, depending on traffic. On Tuesday, it took her 40 minutes to move just three blocks. She made it home three hours later.
"I had to stop and go to the bathroom at the hotel," she said. "At that rate I knew I wasn't going to make it until I got home."
A winter storm that would probably be no big deal in the North all but paralyzed the Deep South on Tuesday, bringing snow, ice and teeth-chattering cold, with temperatures in the teens in some places.
Many folks across the region don't know how to drive in snow, and many cities don't have big fleets of salt trucks or snowplows, and it showed. Hundreds of wrecks happened from Georgia to Texas. Two people died in an accident in Alabama.
In Atlanta, the gridlock was so bad, a baby girl was delivered alongside Interstate 285, said Capt. Steve Rose, a spokesman for Sandy Springs police in suburban north Atlanta. He said an officer made it to the mother and her husband in time to help with the delivery and both parents and baby were OK.
What would have been a 45-minute commute on a typical day in Atlanta turned into a more-than-five-hour journey for Lisa Webster, who is five months pregnant and was traveling with her screaming 16-month-old son.
Webster spent about four hours crawling in her car along Interstate 75 northbound from Midtown Atlanta to Marietta — "I think we were going maybe 2 miles per hour," she said — before deciding at a local grocery store and walk. Hoofing it the remaining half-mile home turned out to be the highlight of her commute.
"We were out, we were stretching our legs we were moving faster than all of the stopped cars," she said. "I could see an end in sight."
As many as 50 million people across the region could be affected by the time the snow stops on Wednesday. Up to 4 inches of snow fell in central Louisiana, and about 3 inches was forecast for parts of Georgia. Up to 10 inches was expected in the Greenville, N.C., area and along the state's Outer Banks.
On the Gulf Shores beaches in Alabama, icicles hung from palm trees. Hundreds of students in the northeastern part of the state faced spending the night in gyms or classrooms because the roads were too icy.
In Tennessee's Sevier County, some buses turned around as road conditions worsened and brought the children back to school. Numerous students were stranded in Georgia's Cobb County in suburban Atlanta, said school district spokesman Jay Dillon. Bus drivers spent hours trying to ferry students home after they were dismissed two hours early, he said.
At Barber Middle School in the Atlanta suburb of Acworth, principal Lisa Williams said 972 students had made it home, but five were still left as of 9:40 p.m. as their parents struggled through the gridlock to get them.
"We are in the front office playing bingo and eating snacks," she said. "We're just enjoying the night until they get here."
About 40 teachers and other school employees planned to spend the night rather than risk the dangerous ride home, Williams said.
The governors of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi declared states of emergency. Four people were killed in a Mississippi mobile home fire blamed on a space heater.
New Orleans' merry Bourbon Street in the French Quarter was oddly quiet as brass bands and other street performers stayed indoors.
Lee and Virginia Holt of Wayne, Pa., walked into Cafe du Monde — a New Orleans landmark known for its beignets and cafe au lait — after finding the National World War II Museum closed because of the weather.
"We understand they don't have the equipment to prepare the roads," she said. Her husband added: "Nor the experience."
Snow covered Atlanta's statues of civil rights heroes, and snowplows that rarely leave the garage rolled out onto the city's streets. They didn't seem to do much good; for commuters unaccustomed to driving on snow-slicked roads, driving was nearly impossible.
In Atlanta, cars were packed bumper-to-bumper, green lights came and went — and traffic didn't move an inch, McEneaney said. She decided to take side streets and, when necessary, shifted into lower gear because of the slippery conditions.
"As long as you went slowly, the roads were OK," she said.
Webster was thankful that she and her son had food and snacks stored in the car, and said she'll think twice before griping over another 45-minute commute.
"I won't be angry ever again," she said, "Today was definitely one for the books."
Georgia State Patrol spokesman Gordy Wright said troopers responded to more than 500 crashes throughout the state. Wright said 65 injuries were reported, but no fatalities.
Atlanta police spokesman John Chafee said officers had responded to more than 285 crashes since 1:30 p.m., when snow began coating the city.
Many Southerners also lack the winter tools that northerners take for granted — such as snow shovels. At a hardware store in the Georgia town of Cumming, shovels were in short supply, but manager Tom Maron said feed scoops — often used in barns — could be substituted.
Charleston, S.C.; Savannah, Ga.; Pensacola, Fla.; Virginia Beach, Va.; and New Orleans — popular warm-weather tourist destinations where visitors can usually golf and play tennis in shirt sleeves or light jackets this time of year — were expecting ice and snow on Tuesday and Wednesday.
Meanwhile, in the Midwest, dangerous cold continued to grip the region even as the storm moved south. Many schools closed for the second straight day. In Minnesota, forecasters said wind chills could reach 35 to 50 degrees below zero.
At Oak Mountain Intermediate School near Birmingham, Ala., principal Pat LeQuier said about 230 of the school's fourth- and fifth-graders and nearly all teachers and staff members were still on campus by late afternoon, and some could wind up spending the night since parents were stuck in traffic or at work.
"We have a toasty building, a fully stocked kitchen, and I'm not worried," LeQuier said.
In Savannah, residents braced for a winter whiplash, barely 24 hours after the coastal city hit a T-shirt-friendly 73 degrees. Less than a quarter-inch of ice and up to an inch of snow were possible in a city that has seen very little snow on its manicured squares in the past 25 years.
Savannah had 3.6 inches of snow in December 1989, a dusting of 0.2 inches in February 1996 and 0.9 inches in February 2010.
Nationwide, more than 3,200 airline flights were canceled.
In Georgia's Okefenokee Swamp, the alligators burrowed into the mud to keep warm.
"Their metabolism slows down so they're able to not breathe as often, so they don't have to come to the surface as often," said Susan Heisey, a supervisory ranger at the national wildlife refuge. "These alligators have been on this earth a long time and they've made it through."
Associated Press writers Kate Brumback and Ray Henry in Atlanta; Mike Graczyk in Houston; Bruce Smith in Charleston, S.C.; Kevin McGill and Stacey Plaisance in New Orleans; Jay Reeves in Montgomery, Ala.; Brock Vergakis in Norfolk, Va.; and Janet McConnaughey in New Orleans contributed to this report.


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10 Most Embarrassing, Baffling, Just Plain Insane Sex and Love Situations
1. I've tried to gently show and tell him exactly what makes me feel good in bed, but he's so not catching on. I'm running out of ideas--not to mention hope.
Kudos for trying! "The biggest mistake women make is that they don't say anything and just kind of bear the bad sex," says Hilda Hutcherson, M.D., a New York City ob-gyn and author of Pleasure: A Woman's Guide to Getting the Sex You Want, Need, and Deserve. Subtle cues may not be enough, so place your paw on his to show him the way--softer, faster, higher, in circles, whatever. Make your wishes clear verbally, too, when you're in the heat of the moment. "Say, 'I like it best when we kiss without a lot of tongue. It feels really sexy to me,' or, 'I think I could have an even better orgasm if you move your hips more slowly when you're on top,'" suggests Dr. Hutcherson. There's nothing wrong with MapQuesting a route for the man who has lost his way.
2. The guy I'm living with wants to film us having sex. It sounds like fun, but I don't want to end up on YouTube!
The good news: Even if your naughty video did hit the Web, chances are not many people would notice. "Who wants to see regular couples going at it when professional pornos and naked celebs are online for free?" says Steve Santagati, author of The Manual: A True Bad Boy Explains How Men Think. That said, he warns, "your guy might not show the movie to the world, but he may want to show all his friends--and no one wants that." So if you go ahead with this, "the video stays in your hands and your hands only," Dr. Hutcherson advises. "This isn't a trust test for a boyfriend. I wouldn't give a tape like this to a husband!"
3. I think my boyfriend's gay! I'm dying for an acid test here.
"Focus on what's off about the relationship," says Debby Herbenick, Ph.D., a sex educator at the Kinsey Institute in Bloomington, Indiana. Is he secretive or not into sex? Ask open-ended questions about it. That's the tack Anna, 41, once took with an ex. "One lazy Sunday, I asked if he'd had any experiences with men," she says. "I made it clear I was open-minded. He said no--and it's true, he couldn't be more married with kids now!" A sneakier route: "Check out who he's checking out," says Todd, 40, who was engaged before he came out. "My fiancee would catch me cruising guys, but I'd say I was noticing their jacket or shirt." Listen to your gut, says Colorado relationship therapist David Schnarch, Ph.D. "Stop being afraid of what you may hear." Can you just...ask him? "It's a last resort," says Herbenick. But if you're about to commit, it's worth the risk of awkwardness.
4. In my dating life, sex ruins everything! What am I doing wrong?
"I feel like a grandma saying, 'Hold off, honey!' but maybe you should, at least until you're dating exclusively," says Dana B. Myers, co-owner (with her husband) of the chic online pleasure shop Booty Parlor. Dr. Hutcherson agrees: "You've got to try something different--or you'll keep getting the same results." The no-nookie rule seems to be working for 32-year-old Yvonne. "I've always tried to be a cool, modern woman who never hesitated to have sex on the first or second date if I felt like it," she says. "But every time I did that, the guy never called me back. When I started telling men not to count on seeing my bedroom anytime soon, I felt much more in control. Occasionally after a few dates, I'd realize I didn't like the guy enough to ever have sex--and then I was the one to end things."
5. He says he loves my body, but he offered to buy me breast implants. WTF?
Sometimes you just have to shake your head and admit: "Guys can say such dumb things," says Myers. If you're perfectly content with your breasts, tell him! Try: "I like the boobs I've got, so you need to love 'em too or find a girl who's more your bra type." As Dr. Hutcherson says, "A man should value your body as much as you do."
6. I'm attracted to a friend's fiancé --and I feel like an awful person.
Don't tell her--but do try to figure out why you're attracted. "You and she probably have a lot in common, so it's natural to like the same type of men," says Seattle psychologist Les Parrott, Ph.D. Or perhaps you're lusting after someone you can't have because it's less scary than focusing on a guy you could have. In any case, accept the nonsinister nature of your crush, but set ground rules: no texting him, no spending time alone with him. Don't let yourself fuel this attraction.
7. We've been dating for three years. I'm (really) ready for a ring; my boyfriend's (really) not. But I don't want to push him on this--I want him to want to propose!
Believe it or not, some experts--and real guys--actually endorse ultimatums, though not the harsh, ticking-clock variety. Here's the guy's view: "When my live-in girlfriend said that she was hoping to have a baby by 35, I thought, We have years!" says newly engaged John, 30. "But then she laid it all out: She was 31, it takes almost a year to cook a baby, and if we wanted a yearlong engagement and a year of child-free marriage, we'd need to get engaged when she was 32. I'd never thought of it like that. Her timeline wasn't the reason I proposed, but it might've moved me along." Telling your partner your goals--for your life and the relationship--is rational, not desperate, says Parrott. "You're saying what you need so he can hopefully get on board." Reached the "Marry me or I'm outta here" point? "Say, 'I have to figure out what's going on with my life,'" says Parrott. Then give him a definite time frame. If he doesn't come through, you may need to go. It could be his best wake-up call.
8. He's smart, cute, funny--and his wiener's the size of a cocktail frank. It's a turnoff. Is that shallow?
Kind of--you are equating a man's most precious part with an appetizer. Besides, "it's not all about the penis," says Dr. Hutcherson. "Women's most sensitive part is the clitoris, and you don't need much penis to hit it. Try straightening your legs in the missionary position to get more clitoral pressure.
9. I don't like giving oral sex, but he does (and he's good!). I want to return the favor, so I'm hoping there's a secret trick to liking it more.
You're not alone if the act feels more like work than play. "I hear women complain about the gag issue a lot," says Myers. "I tell them to use their hands to control how much they're taking into their mouths." Santagati seconds that motion: "That stuff you see in porn of women taking the whole thing in? Unnecessary. We appreciate it just as much when you use a hand to do half the work." If it's germs that skeeve you, why not take a shower together before sex?
10. Love the sex, not the relationship. But I feel like that's a bad reason to keep dating him.
Well, it'd be the wrong reason to marry the guy, but to see him? Nah. You just owe it to him to be honest about it. "Men have been doing this kind of thing forever," says Dr. Hutcherson. "I don't see any problem with a grounded woman having a sex-only fling. But I have two words of important advice: safe sex!


text:
The revolutionary Podium® Ice returns to the
CamelBak® Podium lineup after a three-year development project to reinvent the best-in-class
insulated bottle. Constructed with aerogel insulation, Podium Ice keeps water cold four times
longer than standard sport bottles, now features a higher flow rate and is easier to squeeze and
Since the line launched in 2009, amateur and professional athletes, including the
Garmin-Sharp professional cycling team, continue to prefer Podium bottles for training and
racing. Reengineered for 2014, Podium Ice holds 21 ounces of fluid and is made from BPA-free
TruTaste™ polypropylene. Protected by HydroGuard™, the taste-free bottle inhibits the growth of
bacteria that can cause odors, discoloration and deterioration.
Like all Podium bottles, Podium Ice features CamelBak's proprietary Jet Valve™
technology. The recently redesigned, self-sealing Jet Valve nozzle has a larger diameter to
deliver a higher flow rate and is removable to make cleaning easier. Greater bottle wall flexibility
increases the flow rate and reduces the amount of pressure needed to activate the Jet Valve,
while a larger lock-out toggle allows athletes to easily close the nozzle for leak-proof transport.
"Research shows that cold beverages positively impact athletic performance in hot and
humid conditions, so we wanted to offer a sport bottle that keeps liquids cold for an extended
amount of time," said Jon Austen, Senior Director of Product Management at CamelBak. "Our
Podium Ice bottle had a large fan base from its launch in 2010, and we're excited to bring back
an even more technically advanced product."
Podium Ice is lightweight, fits in most bicycle cages and features a velocity design with
smooth lines for an ergonomic grip. Dishwasher-safe and covered by the CamelBak Got Your
Bak™ Lifetime Guarantee, Podium Ice is available in three colors: Silver, Crimson and Electric
Legal Notice | Cookies | Contact
© Copyright 2011. TEAM BIKE S.L. All rights reserved.


text:
By completing your order, you understand that the products(s) you are purchasing are U.S. models and may have power / voltage requirements different from that of your country.
Prices shown in currencies other than US Dollars are estimates based on current exchange rates. We will charge your credit card in US Dollars on the day your order is shipped, and the conversion to your local currency will be done at the prevailing rate by your credit card issuer.
ProSound and Stage Lighting will not mark your parcel as a "gift", declare a value lower than the actual price paid, or otherwise prepare false customs information.
American DJ Ultra Bar 9 4-Pk w/Controller & Cables
The ADJ Ultra Bar 9 is a 41.75-inch (1meter) professional grade indoor linear fixture powered by nine 3-Watt TRI (RGB: 3-IN-1) LEDs. Its bright chromatic 40-degree beam angle provides vibrant TRI color mixing designed for washing stages, walls and dance floors. Its rugged casing with patent pending Quick Align end locking allows for a seamless output of light with no breaks of color.
Ultra Bar 9 features built-in Color Macros (built-in colors), 6 DMX Channel Modes, 0-100% dimming and variable speed strobe. Plus, it offers flexible programming from its on-board 4-Button LED DMX-512 menu, or from the ADJ RFC RF wireless remote (sold separately).
The Obey 4 is a compact DMX controller for LED wash lights with 3- or 4-channel modes—red, green, blue and white/amber—for easy color-mixing control. It has built-in automated, sound-activated or manual playback options and can control fixtures in four different zones—independently of each other. Its one-touch buttons of pre-mixed colors, built-in chases and strobe and dimmer controls make it perfect for a lighting novice or anyone looking for an easy way to control LED washes.
Also included are all the DMX cables you need to get everything set up and running.


text:
What's that, you say? America's most reclusive author, Thomas Pynchon, appeared in the news Friday -- not once but twice? Why, yes, yes, he has, surfacing in two unconnected rumors. Conspiracy? Pynchonian? Maybe we should henceforth designate Jan. 4 as Thomas Pynchon Rumor Day.
Rumor 1: Pynchon has a new novel coming this fall titled "Bleeding Edge." The news was announced by the Washington Post's Ron Charles on Twitter Friday morning, to much Internet enthusiasm. Pynchon's publisher, the Penguin Press, has not responded to our request for comment, but Charles says he confirmed the news of the book with two separate parties at Penguin. Because Charles is an upstanding guy (bacon on his head notwithstanding), we'll estimate the chances of the rumor's truthfulness are about 80%.
Rumor 2: Pynchon "may be working" on the film adaptation of his novel "Inherent Vice" with director Paul Thomas Anderson. That's from the New York Daily News, which gleaned its information from between the lines of an article in the "Oscars Issue" of the New York Times. In a piece on Paul Thomas Anderson, director of Oscar contender "The Master," the paper asked about Anderson's "Inherent Vice" adaptation. "This is the first authorized adaptation of a Pynchon work, which suggests that Mr. Pynchon, famously reclusive, is cooperating in some fashion," wrote reporter Dennis Lim.
Clearly, Pynchon did cooperate in one way -- he agreed to the novel being optioned. Anything beyond that is conjecture. Yet the Daily News ratchets up the rumor mill, writing, "It looks like Thomas Pynchon may be collaborating with Paul Thomas Anderson on the production of 'Inherent Vice,' " as if Pynchon at this very moment could be found at Jerry's Deli, talking casting choices with Anderson.
Anderson declined to speak on the record about any Pynchon involvement -- or any non-involvement. The New York Times piece is confusing: "Mr. Anderson, a fan of that author since his teenage years, declined to speak on the record about him and seemed loath even to utter his name. 'I would get dangerously close to betraying trust,' he said." Look closely, and that quote is pretty far removed from any context -- what was the question, exactly?
It's not as if Pynchon has shunned Hollywood entirely -- he did appear, as a cartoon character wearing a paper bag over its head, on "The Simpsons." More recently, he provided the voice-over for the trailer for the book version of "Inherent Vice," sounding a lot like its stoned detective Doc Sportello. The chances of him being actually involved in the production of a movie adaptation? Let's say less than 30%.
Any other Pynchon rumors out there? The day isn't over yet.


text:
Home > Our Locations > Locations Profile
New Search
JML Care Center
184 Ter Heun Drive
Falmouth, MA 02540
Main: 508-457-4621
Perhaps you've had cardiac surgery or a knee replacement. Maybe you've had a stroke or a pulmonary procedure. You need health care professionals with the skills and compassion for your complex medical care. You need JML Care Center. Why JML? JML provides state-of-the-art care. Fewer worries for you and your family. Caring and experience which make a critical difference in getting the best outcome.
JML is nationally recognized for excellence. We are proud to be among a select few skilled nursing care facilities which meet these high standards
© 2018 Cape Cod Healthcare Inc.


text:
"I am pleased with the price and FREE Shipping. I was really impressed with the 5 star rating you received from nearly **** people. Your rating made me choose you over Sears.com"
Everybody has heard the phrase time is money. In today's fast paced world, this adage is truer than ever. That's why shopping on the Internet is fast becoming a way of life for many. Who couldn't appreciate the convenience of sitting down at a computer and five minutes later walking away knowing that their purchase would be delivered to their door in a matter of days? Or having a birthday gift delivered straight to the home of that loved one living across the country?
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text:
MacDonald ends barren run
MK Dons striker Charlie MacDonald ended his 19-game goal drought by netting a late winner in a 1-0 success over Yeovil.
The 31-year-old raced clear to slot the ball home 15 minutes from the end and maintain the Dons' 100% home record.
The Dons controlled a low-key first half and Luke Chadwick had a curling shot superbly tipped wide by goalkeeper Marek Stech from Daniel Powell's cutback as Yeovil defended resiliently before the break to frustrate the hosts.
Yeovil upped their game after the interval and Dominic Blizzard had a fierce drive pushed over the crossbar by David Martin before Luke Ayling's header was cleared off the goal-line by Darren Potter.
But the Dons regained control and Dean Bowditch fired into the side-netting before MacDonald netted the winner after 75 minutes, racing clear on to Darren Potter's chip to slot the ball past Stech.
Potter also had a low drilled shot saved well by Stech late on, while MacDonald had a goal ruled out for offside as the Glovers' 100% record on the road came to an end.
Source: PA


text:
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Other reviews from Binkelman's Corner by Bill Binkelman:
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By Doug Hammer
Label: Dreamworld Productions
Released 11/16/2016
Americana tracks
1. The Spirit of America
2. Americana
3. Yankee Doodle
4. The Star Spangled Banner
5. Battle Hymn of the Republic
6. God Bless America
7. America the Beautiful
8. The Good Old Days
9. My Country 'Tis of Thee
10. Heartland
11. Shenandoah
12. Simple Gifts
13. Taps
14. Elegy
15. Redemption
16. The Water Is Wide
17. The Dream Is Alive
18. Sunnyside Rag
DOUG HAMMER - Americana
Released 2016 on Dreamworld Productions and Design
Produced, Arranged, Recorded and Mixed by Doug Hammer
Doug Hammer
: Piano, synth and orchestrations
Jon Finn
: Guitar and banjo (tracks 2, 5, & 8)
Dave Landoni
: Acoustic bass (track 2)
Dave Buda
: Electric and fretless bass (tracks 8 & 17)
Steve Chaggaris
: Drums (tracks 2, 3, 8 & 17)
Brian Maes
: Vocals (track 8)
Ariel Friedman
: Vocals and cello (tracks 2, 8, 11, & 16)
Mia Friedman
: Vocals and fiddle (tracks 2, 8, 11, & 16)
I admire and respect pianist Doug Hammer for releasing what I know to be a deeply personal album during these tumultuous political times. I exchanged emails with him about the "bad timing" due to the current political climate and Doug told me that
was not about nationalism in any respect, but instead, reflected his deep love for the America that we all want to believe in and experience, both as a country of great natural beauty as well as a country whose people, by and large, are decent, hard-working, community-minded folks. So, before I get to extolling how great this album is (and it is all that), please do not look at the title or the red/white/blue of its cover art and prejudge it. Thanks.
is a wonderful musical tribute to the titular country. Featuring both well-known standards as well as some of Hammer's best originals, it's also a collaborative album from the sometimes solo piano artist (see the review header for a complete list of guest artists). It's noteworthy that Hammer himself also plays synth (for ambient textures) and sampled orchestrations and he does an outstanding job at both.
The album kicks off with two originals. "The Spirit of America" has a Copland-esque feel to it, building from a quiet opening of French horns, piano and strings before evolving into a robust, stirring orchestral swell of dramatic melody, accented by drums. By contrast, the title track (next up) is homespun and rural with a pronounced Appalachian feel, owed in no small part to Mia Friedman's fiddle. Opening with these two songs, Hammer really hits it out of the park.
is the way to open an album, folks.
I can't go into deep detail on all of the remaining tracks because there are sixteen more! "Yankee Doodle" gets a rousing arrangement, propelled by drums and piano. The song shifts into some serious jazz riffing after a bit (Hammer has shown on previous albums that he has serious jazz chops and boy, he cuts loose in the bridge here!). After that uptempo tune is Hammer's solemn rendition of the national anthem, played with single piano notes for the opening and slowly morphing into a more powerful piece by the end. Irving Berlin's "God Bless America" follows the same pattern of a subdued opening followed by power and passion by the conclusion. Another Hammer original "Heartland" once again draws comparisons to Copland, albeit a more subdued evocation of the famous composer as the tune is somber and reflective. One of my favorite traditional songs, "Shenandoah," receives a wonderful vocal rendition by Mia Friedman, enhanced by Hammer's piano and Ariel Friedman's cello as well as Mia's fiddle. The closing three songs are the famous spiritual, "The Water Is Wide," (again, sung by Mia Friedman), and two Hammer originals which end the album on a celebratory note: "The Dream Is Alive," and "Sunnyside Rag." The former is a serious musical ode but filled with pride for his country while the latter is, as you can guess, a kick off yer shoes and get dancin' tune, replete with artificially created pops and clicks as if one were listening to an old 78 rpm record. Nicely done, Doug!
While you wouldn't have to be American to enjoy this expertly performed album, obviously those of us who grew up hearing these classics will likely resonate much more deeply than those for whom there is no innate connection with the standards. Hammer's originals deserve to stand side-by-side with all these classics and major props are due to him for accomplishing that task. In closing, I will leave you with an excerpt from Hammer's liner notes. "I have traveled all over this country. I have met so many beautiful people and seen so many beautiful things. I love America and what it stands for. I love the diversity of our nation…I wanted to capture the spirit of America, for it is alive and well. And it is unbreakable."
- reviewed by Bill Binkelman on 4/10/2017
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text:
Of course Harbaugh is bitching.
Of course Harbaugh is bitching.
**** yeah!!! Punt that **** and a personal foul
And Batch starts out in typical Batch fashion.
ok, good to get a first down....
Not bad there Batch. Not bad at all.
TThis is how you catch Wallace...learn
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text: Good afternoon, I've got a two server cluster with one acting as the web server and the other as the DB. Both servers running ispconfig 188.8.131.52 on ubuntu with apache and mysql. I had the setup working nicely, so I cloned the servers, changed a few things, on the new db server I uninstalled ispconfig and reinstalled it so I could point it to the new web server for clustering and it all seemed grand. Somewhere along the line it's stopped working. Using the interface on the web server, I'll create a db on the second, except it doesn't create anything. Also I can't change permissions on existing DBs I've unistalled and reinstalled ispconfig on the db, verified that the details I put in can be used to connect to the db from the web. Beyond that, I'm struggling to debug this. How can I see what details the web is using to connect to the db? is there any way to turn on extra logging for this? as I haven't been able to find any errors.


text:
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Build a Website Moodle customoization
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text:
posted by Thom Holwerda on Wed 5th Jun 2013 12:09 UTC
Microsoft has released a video showing off some of the features coming to Windows 8.1. I must say, the new features all look like great additions (the new search looks awesome), but I'm much more interested in performance - the huge bottleneck for anything related to Metro. In addition, as part of the Windows 8.1 update, Windows RT users will get an ARM version of Outlook. Not that I care, but I'm sure some business users do.