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A Revisionist Perspective on Framing Effects
Jiawei Liu and Dietram A. Scheufele
There is a dichotomy in framing research that can be traced back to its multidisciplinary origins in psychology and sociology. Definitions of framing rooted in psychology are concerned with the differential presentation of the otherwise identical information and are often referred to as equivalence framing. Definitions rooted in more sociological traditions investigate how a message can be constructed with different sets of information to highlight contrasting perspectives on the same issue. The latter is typically referred to as emphasis framing. Although often subsumed under the same label, equivalence framing and emphasis framing are systematically different, both conceptually and operationally. Therefore, the two traditions need to be carefully distinguished in terms of their origins, conceptualization and operationalization of frames, underlying mechanisms, cognitive outcomes, and their relationships with other media effects theories.
Categorizing existing studies revealed two major pitfalls in framing effects literatures. First, many political communication studies to date have adopted the emphasis framing approach. However, as substantial manipulation of information introduces confounding variables making it difficult for researchers to attribute the effect on the audience to the change of frames, this approach has relatively low internal validity in experiments and can hardly be distinguished from other cognitive media effects models, such as agenda setting and priming. Thus, the bias toward emphasis framing needs to be addressed by conducting research with equivalence frames so that a more concrete causal relationship between message framing and its effects can be established. In addition, little attention has been given to visuals in framing effects research so far. Considering that people consume information in a multimedia environment online, visual frames and verbal-visual interactions need to be further investigated.
Audience Costs, News Media, and Foreign Policy
Ross A. Miller
"Audience costs" represent situations where domestic audiences impose penalties on leaders for failed policies. This phenomenon has risen to a prominent position in the study of politics in the past two decades, in part because of the apparently profound consequences that audience costs have for the foreign policy behavior of states.
News media are thought to play a central role in connecting leaders, domestic audiences, and foreign policy, and they affect this relationship in multiple ways. First, media coverage of foreign policy issues can pressure leaders to take public positions on foreign policy issues, effectively tying leaders' reputations to the outcome of those issues. Second, high levels of news coverage of leaders' positions are also thought to elevate the levels of costs that leaders suffer for foreign policy failures. Third, the consequences of national media coverage of foreign policy issues do not stop at the water's edge: high levels of coverage can activate foreign audiences to penalize their leaders for backing down from their positions, effectively locking both sides into positions from which they cannot retreat. Finally, news media can be used by leaders to "spin" their foreign policy decisions, thereby limiting the penalties that domestic audiences impose.
Critics, however, charge that the audience costs research program suffers from significant theoretical and empirical weaknesses. As a theory it relies on at least two dubious assumptions: (1) that leaders are foolish enough to adopt foreign policy positions from which they are unable to maneuver without causing international embarrassment; and (2) that domestic audiences are astute enough to perceive the actual significance of foreign policy outcomes. Critics also claim (3) that the empirical evidence in support of the theory is weak: the main data sets used to test the theory include very few cases where leaders are actually taking public positions on foreign policy issues. When extraneous cases are excluded, critics conclude that the effect of audience costs is weak to nonexistent. A final challenge (4) is inspired indirectly by diversionary theory. While audience costs theory predicts that leaders who can be easily punished by domestic audiences should be reluctant to start international conflicts, diversionary theory predicts (under some conditions) the opposite: leaders who face a high probability of being removed from office by domestic audiences may be more likely to start conflicts.
Two general arguments are made in this chapter. First, studies of news media and audience costs provide important insights into how leaders and domestic audiences are connected, and those connections have significant implications for the outcome of international negotiations. Second, studies of news media and audience costs provide a way to grapple with the concerns raised by critics of audience costs theory.
The Content and Effect of Political Advertising in U.S. Campaigns
Matthew P. Motta and Erika Franklin Fowler
Political advertising, especially negative advertising, is a prominent feature of contemporary political campaigns in the United States. Campaigns use advertising strategically to persuade citizens their candidate is preferable to the alternatives; to mobilize like-minded supporters to get out to the polls to cast a ballot for their candidate; and to acquire citizen-personal information, so they can more effectively target individuals with appropriate persuasive or mobilizing messages. Online advertising is growing, but television advertising volume has largely been on the rise, too, with 2014 being a plateau. Evidence about trends in advertising content and effects of advertising on citizens come from television advertising in particular.
Over the past decade, candidates have consistently sponsored a majority of advertising on the airwaves although their share does appear to be declining in legislative races. Interest group sponsorship of political advertising has grown, especially in Senate and presidential races, taking advantage of recent legal changes in the campaign finance landscape. Negativity is the dominant form of television advertising, constituting more than 65% and as much as 75% of all congressional general election ads (and as much as 87% of presidential ads) on air since 2006. Parties and interest group sponsors are more likely to air negative advertising by candidates, but candidates do not refrain from going negative. In fact, candidate negativity comprises roughly half of all negative ads on air. Negative ads are more likely to cite specific sources and therefore are generally considered more substantive. TV advertising is unlikely to contain partisan or ideological cues, in part, because it is targeted at swing voters.
Early studies of advertising cast doubt on their effectiveness, but more recent work suggests that advertising effects are small (mattering at the margin in the most competitive contests) and often conditional. That is, advertising effects often vary in relation to characteristics of the messages being aired, the individuals who view them, and contextual factors relating to the campaign more generally. Scholarship suggests that advertising has persuasive but short-lived influence on citizens and that advertising volume and negativity may aid mobilization efforts (although the influence of negativity may be conditioned upon ad characteristics and timing).
Technological advances in the way TV advertising is deployed is increasing campaigns ability to target citizens in a fashion similar to online advertising, which has implications for how well researchers can continue to study it. Scholars have made considerable progress in studying 21st-century advertising effects, but a number of logistical hurdles and unanswered research questions remain.
The Decision to Vote or to Abstain
Elisabeth Gidengil
Why voters turn out on Election Day has eluded a straightforward explanation. Rational choice theorists have proposed a parsimonious model, but its logical implication is that hardly anyone would vote since their one vote is unlikely to determine the election outcome. Attempts to save the rational choice model incorporate factors like the expressive benefits of voting, yet these modifications seem to be at odds with core assumptions of rational choice theory. Still, some people do weigh the expected costs and benefits of voting and take account of the closeness of the election when deciding whether or not to vote. Many more, though, vote out of a sense of civic duty. In contrast to the calculus of voting model, the civic voluntarism model focuses on the role of resources, political engagement, and to a lesser extent, recruitment in encouraging people to vote. It pays particular attention to the sources of these factors and traces complex paths among them.
There are many other theories of why people vote in elections. Intergenerational transmission and education play central roles in the civic voluntarism models. Studies that link official voting records with census data provide persuasive evidence of the influence of parental turnout. Education is one of the best individual-level predictors of voter turnout, but critics charge that it is simply a proxy for pre-adult experiences within the home. Studies using equally sophisticated designs that mimic the logic of controlled experiments have reached contradictory conclusions about the association between education and turnout. Some of the most innovative work on voter turnout is exploring the role of genetic influences and personality traits, both of which have an element of heritability. This work is in its infancy, but it is likely that many genes shape the predisposition to vote and that they interact in complex ways with environmental influences. Few clear patterns have emerged in the association between personality and turnout. Finally, scholars are beginning to recognize the importance of exploring the connection between health and turnout.
Don't Expose Yourself: Discretionary Exposure to Political Information
Gaurav Sood and Yphtach Lelkes
The news media have been disrupted. Broadcasting has given way to narrowcasting, editorial control to control by "friends" and personalization algorithms, and a few reputable producers to millions with shallower reputations. Today, not only is there a much broader variety of news, but there is also more of it. The news is also always on. And it is available almost everywhere. The search costs have come crashing down, so much so that much of the world's information is at our fingertips. Google anything and the chances are that there will be multiple pages of relevant results.
Such a dramatic expansion of choice and access is generally considered a Pareto improvement. But the worry is that we have fashioned defeat from the bounty by choosing badly. The expansion in choice is blamed for both, increasing the "knowledge gap," the gap between how much the politically interested and politically disinterested know about politics, and increasing partisan polarization. We reconsider the evidence for the claims. The claim about media's role in rising knowledge gaps does not need explaining because knowledge gaps are not increasing. For polarization, the story is nuanced. Whatever evidence exists suggests that the effect is modest, but measuring long-term effects of a rapidly changing media landscape is hard and may explain the results.
As we also find, even describing trends in basic explanatory variables is hard. Current measures are beset with five broad problems. The first is conceptual errors. For instance, people frequently equate preference for information from partisan sources with a preference for congenial information. Second, survey measures of news consumption are heavily biased. Third, behavioral survey experimental measures are unreliable and inapt for learning how much information of a particular kind people consume in their real lives. Fourth, measures based on passive observation of behavior only capture a small (likely biased) set of the total information consumed by people. Fifth, content is often coded crudely—broad judgments are made about coarse units, eliding over important variation.
These measurement issues impede our ability to answer the extent to which people choose badly and the attendant consequences of such. Improving measures will do much to advance our ability to answer important questions.
The Effects of Negative Advertising
Conor M. Dowling and Yanna Krupnikov
Since the 1960s there has been an increase in the amount of negative advertising in American campaigns. Although only 10% of advertisements aired in the 1960 campaign were negative, in the 2012 campaign only 14.3% of aired ads were positive. The increase in negative advertising has raised questions about the effects these types of ads may have on the electoral outcomes and the political process at large. Indeed, many voters and political actors have assumed and argued that negative advertising will have negative consequences for American politics. Although many news consumers and people interested in politics make many assumptions about the role of negativity in politics, the effect of campaign negativity on the political process is ambiguous. If there is a relationship between negativity and political outcomes, this relationship is nuanced and conditional. Although negativity may, under certain conditions, have powerful effects on political outcomes, under other conditions the effects of negativity are minimal. Moreover, while there is some research to suggest that this type of campaigning can produce negative consequences, other research suggests that negativity may—at times—be beneficial for the political process.
Expectancy Theory and the Election of Judges: Do Judicial Campaigns Really Stink?
Michael J. Nelson and James L. Gibson
Even though most judges in the United States stand for election in the context of strong normative objections to the practice of electing judges, political scientists have produced a surprisingly thin theoretical framework for understanding how judicial campaigns affect voters. This paucity of research is particularly surprising given the increasingly politicized environment in which judicial elections operate. The literature on judicial campaigns is well-served to draw upon the well-trodden research about campaign effects for executive and legislative office. In some important respects, however, judicial contests differ from those for executive or legislative office. To this end, the Expectancy Theory pioneered by James L. Gibson provides an important theoretical development, emphasizing that the effects of judicial campaigns are highly conditional upon variation in voters' willingness to tolerate different types of campaign activity. Moreover, the effects of campaigns are highly dependent on the context of both institutional design and voters' own experiences with judicial elections.
Face Value: Facial Appearance and Assessments of Politicians
Colleen M. Carpinella and Kerri L. Johnson
The facial appearance of political candidates provides information to voters that can be vital to the impression-formation process. Traditionally, psychological research in the field of appearance-based politics has concentrated on investigating whether politicians' physical appearance impacts perceptions of them. Recently, the focus has shifted from examining whether facial cues matter for impression formation to determining (1) which facial cues matter for voters' perceptions of politicians and (2) how such visual cues are utilized within the political decision-making process. This shift in research focus has ushered in an appreciation of facial competence and physical attractiveness, and it has been marked by a renewed interest in studying how gender stereotypes impact the influence of politician appearance on perceptions of male and female politicians. In addition, this renewed interest in studying underlying mechanisms in appearance-based politics has spurred on research that includes a broader range of downstream consequences such as evaluations of leadership potential, voting behavior, and even basic political party affiliation categorizations.
From Crisis to Stasis: Media Dynamics and Issue Attention in the News
Amber E. Boydstun and Annelise Russell
Media coverage does not ebb and flow. Rather, media coverage rapidly moves from crisis to stasis and back again. The result of these attention dynamics is news reporting that is disproportional to the breadth and pace of policy problems in the world, where some balloon in the news beyond expectations and others fade quickly (or never make the news at all). These patterns of news coverage result from the powerful role that momentum plays in the news-generation process. Forces of positive feedback drive news outlets to chase each new hot story quickly, while negative feedback forces drive news outlets to stay locked onto a hot story at hand. Together, these forces drive news coverage to lurch and fixate, lurch and fixate, again and again. Thus, although previous research has conceived of the news-generation process functioning either as a "patrol" system (where news outlets act as sentinels, tracking each policy problem as it unfolds in the world) or as an "alarm" system (where news outlets move in quick bursts from one policy problem to the next, with little to no in-depth coverage), both these previous models tell only half the story. Rather, the news-generation process is best understood through the alarm/patrol hybrid model, where news outlets often lurch from one hot item to the next but sometimes become entrenched in an unfolding storyline. The alarm/patrol hybrid model helps explain the particular phenomenon of "media storms" that can occur, where a sudden surge in media attention can vault a previously ignored issue into the center of public and political attention; think of the Catholic priest abuse scandal, or the scene in Ferguson, Missouri, after Michael Brown's death. The lurching/fixating dynamics of media attention have far-ranging implications for citizen information and political response, contributing to a wider system of disproportionate information processing where some topics are attended to and others are largely ignored. In particular, because policymakers take so many of their cues from the news, it is likely the case that the lurching/fixating patterns of our media system exacerbate the punctuated patterns of government in turn.
Gatekeeping and the Negativity Bias
Stuart N. Soroka
Research on media gatekeeping is focused on the factors leading to a distribution of information in media content that is systematically different from the "real world." Early gatekeeping work examined editorial decisions, and emphasized the effect that a single editor's preferences and beliefs could have on the content new consumers receive. The literature has gradually shifted to focus on more generalizable factors, however. These include organization-level assessments of newsworthiness and commercial/economic considerations; broader system-level factors including the impact of dominant ideologies and political and social norms; and common individual-level factors, including a range of cognitive and psychological biases.
The tendency for humans to prioritize negative over positive information is one such cognitive bias—and the growing literature on the negativity bias is discussed here as one example of a set of organization-, system-, and individual-level "gates" that have a systematic impact on news content. Negativity is just one example, however. Sensationalism, violence, geographic proximity, availability of visuals, prominence of celebrities—all of these tendencies in media content can and have been examined effectively using the gatekeeping metaphor. Some of this work is reviewed here, alongside some recent trends in gatekeeping work, including the "distributional" approach to gatekeeping, and the shift in gatekeeping brought on by the "new media" environment.
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|2003-11-05, 22:49
|Link #1
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
Very sad indeed [anime spoiler]
Does anyone think it's sad for Konohamaru that the 3rd dies fighting Orochimaru? I mean, we know that the filler in episode 56 was meant to show an emotional bond between 3rd and the village inhabitants.
I think some very sad events are due in the next 10 episodes...
Oh yeah and, what happened to Hinata?
|2003-11-05, 23:24
|Link #4
Uber Coffee for da win!
Join Date: May 2003
Location: Middle of insanity
Hinata is fine. She's now healed up from her injuries and back on her feet, or by the pace of the anime, in a few more show she'll be back to 100%. Well, ok, 70% anyways. She's still a tad busted up inside, but she's at least on her feet and feeling better. Speaking of Hinata, I'd like to see her and Sakura find a way to become quite a bit better and then proceed to kick the living sh** out of a couple of chunnin just for the heck of it.
|2003-11-06, 00:59
|Link #5
... hell they couldnt kick the shit out of a dead dog....
but yeah i do want to see some GOOD girl fights (eg: tsunade) because all of this testosterone beating the shit outta estrogen is boring... i want to see that kabuto/tsunade fight... that is arguably the best fight in the manga because naruto does some sweet shit too...
|2003-11-06, 03:06
|Link #6
Senior Member
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: Netherlands
Age: 31
|2003-11-06, 04:07
|Link #7
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
It's not going to be 20-30 episodes before that happens. Fights and war arcs usually blow by fast. Think about it... Neji vs. Naruto, slight filler, other fights that usually end in one episode, then Sasuke vs. Gaara and BAM, we see the 3rd vs. Orochimaru.
|2003-11-06, 04:15
|Link #8
Inactive Member
Join Date: Nov 2003
|2003-11-06, 11:56
|Link #10
merely a ghost
I think the 3rd and Oro fight, different from the manga, will air together with Naruto vs. Gaara's fight, since they happen at the same time. I think they'll alternate some episodes, I mean, show 2 eps of Naruto vs. Gaara, 2 eps of Sarutobi vs. Oro until the fights end at the same episode, like in the manga. I can't wait to see Oro vs. the 3rd, it's the best fight in Naruto IMO.
And of course Konohamaru is sad, he lost his beloved grandpa Poor Konohamaru...
|2003-11-06, 20:38
|Link #13
Join Date: Nov 2003
|2003-11-06, 22:01
|Link #14
she can still be sick, remember its internal damage that was done to her, but she was up and running in that one scene, i think she was training one time, dunno but they cant have tsunade running around fixin everyone up because they are sick, she is the hokage and hokage = lots of work. She'll prolly only fix the important ppl like kakashi cause they needed the jounins. and for konohomaru, eh ofcourse hes gonna be sad, it looks like his grandfather is all he had but it happens, naruto, iruka, garaa, etc. get the idea??
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LOS ANGELES — Veteran British character actor David Ryall, who's best known to mainstream American audiences as "Harry Potter's" Elphias Doge, died on Christmas Day. He was 79.
"Sherlock" writer and actor Mark Gatiss tweeted the sad news on Saturday.
His daughter, actress Charlie Ryall, also confirmed on Twitter.
The actor's career spans more than five decades and covers film, TV and theater. His movie credits include 2008's "City of Ember," 2004's "Around the World in 80 Days" and 1980's "The Elephant Man."
Ryall replaced Peter Cartwright as Elphias Doge in 2010's "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part...


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NWSB Insider and BC Lions fantasy football writer Dave B weighs in with his 2012 CFL fantasy stats projections, predictions and draft tips for your CFL fantasy drafts. Let's take a look at what we can expect from the Lions studs going into 2012. News, fantasy analysis and predictions for Travis Lulay, Andrew Harris, Arland Bruce, Geroy Simon and Shawn Gore. The fantasy forecast. 2012 BC Lions.
CFL fantasy football? BC Lions 2012 player projections
June 25, 2012 By Dave B
Filed Under: BC Lions Blog Tagged With: 2012, Andrew Harris, Arland Bruce, BC, BC Lions, BC Lions blogs, BC Lions football blog online, BC Lions Odds, BC Lions Stats, Canadian Football, CFL 2012, CFL betting, CFL Futures, CFL Statistics, CFL Stats Predictions, Fantasy Draft, fantasy football, Fantasy forecast, fantasy predictions, Fantasy Statistics, Fantasy stats, Football gambling, Geroy Simon, Lions fantasy football, Lions fantasy stats, Lions predictions, projections, Shawn Gore, Start em Sit em, Travis Lulay


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Zach Moller
Senior Policy Analyst
Zach Moller is a Senior Policy Analyst for the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, where he researches economic, revenue, and budgetary issues. In addition, Zach contributes to the Committee's Better Budget Process Initiative and is a specialist in data, charts, and Senate procedure. Prior to joining the Committee, he worked on economic and revenue issues for the Senate Budget Committee under Chairs Patty Murray and Kent Conrad. Zach received a bachelor's degree in Economics from the University of Florida and a master's degree in Economics from the University of Virginia. Contact him at email@example.com or follow him on twitter @EconWonk.


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Here are some of the recognitions earned by students from Davidson's Bernard Society of Mathematics during academic year 2012-2013. Of the seniors, 29 earned a degree with a mathematics major and several more earned minors or concentrations.
Four seniors earned honors in mathematics upon completion of their extensive coursework and thesis projects:
The William G. McGavock Mathematics Award to an outstanding senior for promise and accomplishment in mathematics: Daniel Bernstein.
The William Vinson Mathematics Award to a rising junior for mastery and promise in mathematics: Fangning (Richard) Yan '15.
The R. Bruce Jackson, Jr., Mathematics Award, announced in the fall, is given to a junior mathematics major who has demonstrated great promise in mathematics and its application: Phillip Wall '14.
Mathematics Jeopardy Contest — live competition at the Mathematical Assoc. of America Southeastern Section meeting. Davidson's team of Bryan Kelly '14, Colin Thomson '13, Daniel Bernstein '13, and Matt Mohorn '14, won first place in the intercollegiate contest between 28 teams from five states.
MAA SE Patterson Prize — given to the best student presentations at the annual meeting of the Southeastern Section of the Mathematical Association of America. Daniel Bernstein '13 won this award for presenting some of his honors thesis research on a strictly singular function with derivative zero almost everywhere.
Congratulations to our newly elected President Bryan Kelly '14 and other Bernard Society officers for 2013-14: Miles Abbett '14, Carlee Simon '14, and Phillip Wall '14.


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The Flyers will be among numerous teams interested in talking with New Jersey star left winger Zach Parise when he becomes an unrestricted free agent on July 1.
Understandably, Parise was in no mood to address his status after the Kings won the Stanley Cup by blasting his Devils, 6-1, on Monday.
"I'm not talking about that," he told reporters in Los Angeles.
Parise had just one goal in the Finals; the Devils want to re-sign him.
"I think Zach is a big thing the organization has to take care of first, no doubt about that," goaltender Marty Brodeur said. "They need to try to lock him in and lure him into staying. He's a franchise player and a guy the fans love. As a captain, he's a great leader and he did a great job first year as a captain to bring a team counted out early in the season to what we accomplished."
* * *
Former Flyer Simon Gagne was one of the first Kings to skate around the ice with the Stanley Cup. It was a greatest snapshot of his underrated career.
A few minutes later, in the sweetest moment of their careers, Mike Richards handed the Cup to his best friend, Jeff Carter.
Richards on the Flyers organization: "They taught me how to be a winner."
He then said this about the Kings: "This is the closest team I've ever been a part of."


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'The Kid With a Bike' -- 3 1/2 stars
PG-13; 1:27 running time The boy at the story's center is Cyril, an 11-year-old recently given up to a state-run home by his unreliable father. The bike, which falls in and out of Cyril's hands with painful regularity, is a remnant of his old life, a chimerical symbol of the love he seeks from his abandoning parent. -- Michael Phillips
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Habeas corpus petitions of Guantanamo Bay detainees
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The nature of international human rights law has been seemingly altered by Americans since the attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001. The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is one example of recent developments that seem to disregard long standing human rights.[1] The United States of America (USA) has pursued a 'seemingly deliberate strategy' to put suspected terrorists outside the reach of habeas corpus protections.[2] Naval Station Guantanamo Bay serves as the location for a United States military prison in Cuba designed for the detention of non-citizens suspected of terrorist activity. At the time of its creation President Bush stated that its purpose was to respond to serious war crimes, primarily 'a new way to deal with terrorists'.[1] The first camp was set up 3 months after the attacks on the twin towers and since then a human rights debate has begun over the legality of denying detainees the right to petition habeas corpus.
The detainees at the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba have had over 200 writs of habeas corpus submitted on their behalf.
- 1 The Great Writ
- 2 Are Guantanamo detainees eligible for the protections of habeas corpus?
- 3 Abuses of international human rights law and habeas corpus
- 4 Role of the Center for Constitutional Rights
- 5 Rasul v. Bush
- 6 Detainee Treatment Act of 2005
- 7 Hamdan v. Rumsfeld
- 8 Military Commissions Act of 2006
- 9 The Supreme Court and the Military Commissions Act
- 10 The Supreme Court rules on Boumediene v. Bush
- 11 Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of detainees
- 12 The proposed Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007
- 13 Boumediene v. Bush
- 14 Further reading
- 15 References
- 16 External links
The Great Writ[edit]
Habeas corpus is sometimes called "The Great Writ". It is a legal instrument first guaranteed following the signing of the Magna Carta. Its literal meaning is "show the body". Its purpose is to prevent the state from holding prisoners in extrajudicial detention. A writ of habeas corpus essentially challenges the legality of the detention. When a writ of habeas corpus is filed with a court in countries which inherit elements of their judicial system from the English system of Justice the state has to show that there is a legal basis for the captive's detention—usually that they are suspected of having broken a law. The principle of habeas corpus is codified in many humanitarian law treaties and national legislation – the right of fair trial and detainment is considered a basic human right. The principle of habeas corpus is codified in the US Constitution in article I(9)(2), commonly known as the 'Suspension Clause'. This provides that 'the privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it'.[3]
Are Guantanamo detainees eligible for the protections of habeas corpus?[edit]
Reports from Guantanamo Bay claim the detainees suffer from 'extraordinary psychological and physical abuses'.[4] Psychological abuses include solitary confinement for long periods, sleep deprivation and religious abuse. Physical abuse is also used regularly as punishment, reportedly disproportionate for the apparent misconduct. Sami Al-Laithi, a professor at Kabul University who was taken into US custody in Guantanamo has been found to never have been hostile towards US. He was a healthy man when he was first captured by US forces but is now confined to a wheelchair after two vertebrae were broken in vicious beatings in the camp.[4] Many of these detainees claim that they have been wrongfully detained and deny any involvement in hostile activity towards the USA, or any involvement with the Taliban or Al Qaeda at all. Taking into account the inhumane conditions of the camp it is not surprising that Guantanamo detainees have sought protection from the principles of habeas corpus.
The issue is concerned with the jurisdiction of the US Courts to issue the writ of habeas corpus in respect to the detention of aliens which are held outside of the US. Six weeks after the events of September 11 Bush granted the USA Patriot Act which restricted the right of habeas corpus to resident aliens, this was done to allow suspected terrorists to be held without legal counsel or trial and avoid the protection of habeas corpus.[5] The third Geneva Convention considers a fair trial so essential to prisoner rights that 'willfully depriving a prisoner of war of the rights of a fair and regular trial is deemed a grave breach of the convention and, consequentially, a war crime'.[4]
In early 2002 the first major petition for a writ of habeas corpus regarding Guantanamo detainees was filed. This was denied on the foundation that U.S courts lacked jurisdiction over the camp and its prisoners; Guantanamo Bay is located in Cuba, outside of the territory of the USA, and the writ of habeas corpus is 'not available to aliens outside the sovereign territory of the USA'.[1] The lease of Guantanamo Bay to the US on the part of Cuba reads 'while on one hand the US recognises the continuance of the ultimate sovereignty of the Republic of Cuba. ... on the other hand the Republic of Cuba consents that ... the USA shall exercise complete jurisdiction and control over and within said area'.[1] Early courts claimed that Guantanamo does not technically belong to USA so habeas corpus could not apply. The Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT) was created as an outcome from early petitions for habeas corpus. Its role was to establish whether or not detainees are actually enemy combatants.
However, the most recent case law development has been in the US Supreme Court case Boumediene v. Bush where it was established Guantanamo detainees have a right to habeas corpus and are able to bring their petitions to U.S courts. It also held that the Guantanamo detainees were entitled to the legal protections of the US Constitution and from then on, the Combatant Status Review Tribunal would be inadequate. The result of this case has seen many habeas corpus cases refiled.
Abuses of international human rights law and habeas corpus[edit]
The Geneva Conventions, of which there are four, are considered universal treaties in international law. They created the idea of International humanitarian law and codify customary international law regarding laws in wartime. By signing parties agreed to criminalise any breaches in their own domestic courts, U.S recognised this when they enacted their own War Crimes Act. However the declaration made by Bush in 2002 had the effect of 'exempting all alleged members of Al Qaeda from the protections of the Geneva conventions'.[4]
The abuse of international human rights law lies in the treatment of detainees, the absence of public scrutiny, judicial review and government accountability.[4] The U.S government deliberately chose Guantanamo Bay as the site for detaining foreign citizens as they believed it would be exempt from any obligations they held under the Geneva Convention. Considering detainees as detainees outside the traditional definition of prisoners also denies the protections of the Geneva Convention. Proof of these deliberate decisions is found in the legal memoranda where President Bush actively enquired about how far they could legally go.[4]
The scope of international human rights has been discussed in the habeas corpus cases from Guantanamo Bay. Firstly, it should be noted that habeas corpus is a human right of utmost importance, recognised through humanitarian law, for 'protecting one's right to physical liberty'.[6] It has been suggested that there may almost be universal acceptance that the protections of habeas corpus are 'non-derogable'.[6]
Habeas corpus exists outside the Geneva Convention; it is found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Article 9; Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights; and, in the American Convention on Human Rights, Article 7. The purpose of the European Convention on Human Rights is to create enforceable rights that States are obliged to respect. Limiting this Convention in order to conduct security operations would undermine the system.[7]
Role of the Center for Constitutional Rights[edit]
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The Center for Constitutional Rights took a lead role in helping to organize the activities of lawyers willing to offer their services, pro bono, to the Guantanamo detainees.
Submitting writs of habeas corpus was made more difficult at first, because part of the Bush detainee policy was to keep the identity of the Guantanamo captives a secret. A writ has to be submitted by a "next friend". Some of the detainees had family who would have authorized American lawyers to submit writs on their behalf, but they had no way of contacting them. Some of the detainees and their relatives are totally illiterate. Other detainees' families had no idea where they were, had no idea that they were in Guantanamo. Some of the detainees reported that they were punished for asking for legal assistance.
Rasul v. Bush[edit]
In the summer of 2004 the United States Supreme Court ruled on the habeas corpus submission Rasul v. Bush, determining that the court had jurisdiction over Guantanamo, and that detainees had a right to an impartial tribunal to challenge their detention under habeas corpus. It was a landmark decision in detainee rights. Rasul v Bush challenged an earlier precedent set in Johnson v. Eisentrager. Rasul concluded that the U.S, as a lessee, has 'extensive proprietary rights over Guantanamo Bay' that were exclusively granted in the 1903 lease.[8] This lease gave U.S operational sovereignty over the base and brought it within the Supreme Court's jurisdiction. A related decision was Hamdi v. Rumsfeld (2004), which ruled that United States citizens detained as suspected enemy combatants had the right to habeas corpus challenge of their detention.
Detainee Treatment Act of 2005[edit]
In response to Rasul v Bush, the U.S Government passed the Detainee Treatment Act 2005 in an attempt to prevent aliens for petitioning for habeas corpus in American courts.[9] Section 1005(e) states that "[N]o court, justice, or Judge shall have jurisdiction to hear or consider an application for a writ of habeas corpus filed by or on behalf of an alien detained at the Department of Defense at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba'.[10]
The Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 prohibited US military and intelligence personnel from treating detainees in ways inconsistent with Armed Forces regulations. Additionally, the act did not close off the habeas corpus submission that were already in the works.
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld[edit]
In Hamdan v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court ruled that the Bush Presidency lacked the Constitutional authority to create the Guantanamo military commissions as a system separate from the existing federal and military justice systems, and ruled that the CSRTs and military commissions were unconstitutional. It said that only Congress could authorize such a system. They confirmed in their judgement the unlawfulness of the US Government in the use of torture, cruel and humiliating treatment, and international law should limit the power of the President.[4]
Hamdam v Rumsfeld has been acknowledged as a milestone case for Guantanamo detainees; Walter Dellinger even claimed that 'Hamdam is simply the most important decision on Presidential power and the rule of law. Ever'.[11] It followed the passing of the Detainee Treatment Act and gave the Supreme Court an 'early opportunity to assess the nature and extent of the jurisdiction-stripping measure'.[12] The Supreme Court held that the amendment by the new legislation would not apply to detainees who had cases already waiting to be reviewed.
Military Commissions Act of 2006[edit]
Once more in response to a judicial decision, Congress passed the Military Commission Act of 2006 swiftly after Hamdan v Rumsfeld. The new section, under section 7, attempted to apply the Detainee Treatment Act to detainees with cases pending.[13] This was an attempt by political branch of government to reinforce their opinion that the 'federal courts should have as little to do with Guantanamo Bay detainees as possible'.[14]
The Supreme Court and the Military Commissions Act[edit]
On June 29, 2007 the Supreme Court agreed to hear outstanding habeas corpus, opening up the possibility that they might overturn some or all of the Military Commissions Act.[15]
The Supreme Court rules on Boumediene v. Bush[edit]
On June 12, 2008 the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Boumediene v. Bush, that the Guantanamo detainees were entitled to the protection of the United States Constitution.[16][17][18][19] Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the majority, described the CSR Tribunals as "inadequate", and wrote:
The laws and Constitution are designed to survive, and remain in force, in extraordinary times.
Lists of habeas petitions filed on behalf of detainees[edit]
More than 200 detainees have had habeas petitions files on their behalf.
The proposed Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007[edit]
Senators Patrick Leahy and Arlen Specter have proposed Habeas Corpus Restoration Act of 2007, to restore access to habeas corpus to the Guantanamo detainees.[20] Debate began on the bill on September 17, 2007. It has been attached, as an amendment, to a Defense bill.
Boumediene v. Bush[edit]
The decision in Boumediene v. Bush in 2008 has had huge implications on America's war on terror.[21] It was acknowledged that the Military Commissions Act was retaliation to the decision in Hamdan. Boumediene ruled that Guantanamo detainees were able to bring about a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in U.S courts and established that the judicial branch of government has the final say on unlawful detentions, rather than the Executive branch as the Bush regime had been implementing.[9]
Justice Kennedy, in delivering the majority opinion, held that it was within the U.S court's jurisdiction to apply a writ of habeas corpus to aliens in Guantanamo bay as the fundamental rights of the U.S Constitution should be extended to Guantanamo detainees.[3] Since Boumediene, Bush confirmed that his administration would look into the decision to see if any additional legislation would be 'appropriate' in terms of the protection of American people.[13]
Further reading[edit]
- Thomas, Laura. "The Guantanamo Bay Cases" 11 [2004] Aust Journal of International Law, 187
- Fletcher, G. "Black Hole in Guantanamo Bay" 2 (2004) Journal of International Criminal Justice, 121
- ^ a b c d Schneider, D. "Human Rights Issues in Guantanamo Bay" 68 (2004) J. Crim. L., 423
- ^ Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at 1
- ^ a b Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36
- ^ a b c d e f g Report on torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Center for Constitutional Rights
- ^ Federman, C. "Habeas Corpus in the age of Guantanamo" (2010) Annals Fac. L. Belgrade Belgrade L. Rev., 215, at 224
- ^ a b Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at p. 38
- ^ Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at p. 53
- ^ Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at p. 42
- ^ a b Federman, C. "Habeas Corpus in the age of Guantanamo" (2010) Annals Fac. L. Belgrade Belgrade L. Rev., 215
- ^ Detainee Treatment Act 2005, s1005(e)(1) 423
- ^ Report on torture and cruel, inhumane, and degrading treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Center for Constitutional Rights, p. 14
- ^ Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at p. 45
- ^ a b Noble, B. Constitutional Law – Habeas Corpus – Guantanamo Bay Detainees are entitles to the privilege of Habeas Corpus under the US Constitution" 39 (2008) Cumb. L. Rev., 341
- ^ Londras, F. "Guantanamo Bay: Towards Legality?" 71 (2008) Mod. L. Rev, 36, at p. 47
- ^ Jeannie Shawl (June 29, 2007). "Supreme Court to hear Guantanamo Bay detainee habeas cases". The Jurist. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ^
Mark Sherman (June 12, 2008). "High Court: Gitmo detainees have rights in court". Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
The court said not only that the detainees have rights under the Constitution, but that the system the administration has put in place to classify them as enemy combatants and review those decisions is inadequate.
- ^ Mark Sherman (June 12, 2008). "Terror suspects can challenge detention: U.S. Supreme Court". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ Mark Sherman (June 12, 2008). "High Court sides with Guantanamo detainees again". Monterey Herald. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ James Oliphant (June 12, 2008). "Court backs Gitmo detainees". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ "Justice for Detainees: Congress can right a wrong in the war on terrorism". Washington Post. September 18, 2007. p. A18. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
- ^ Boumediene v. Bush, 2008 S. Ct. 2299, 128
External links[edit]
Media related to Habeas corpus petitions of Guantanamo captives at Wikimedia Commons
- Read the rulings in the decided cases, McClatchy News
- Guantanamo Habeas Scorecard, Center for Constitutional Rights
- Linda Greenhouse (April 21, 2004). "Court cases pit US presidential power against detainees' rights". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2008-01-25.
- "Guantánamo and Habeas Corpus: Prisoners Win 3 out of 4 Cases, But Lose 5 out of 6 in Court of Appeals" (Part One), Andy Worthington website, 20 July 20, 2009
- Habeas Works: Federal Courts' Proven Capacity to Handle Guantánamo Cases (2010)[permanent dead link], Human Rights First
- Steven D. Schwinn (2010-01-06). "Habeas at Bagram, Round 2". Retrieved 2010-11-23.


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Message Board
Jim Moon Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Moon has written!
Author Moon's Book Reviews
Squares, Triangles and Saucers
Jason Deering grows up in a small town, gradually changing from the picked on fat kid to the carefree hippy. He moves out of his home into a cabin and starts his own under the table business which eventually forces him to leave town. He travels around the USA and the Carribean. In the Carribean he meets Naomi. She is a free spirit just as he is and they fall in love. Sadly, they must part when Naomi is offered a chance to advance herself by moving off th...


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Luke Evans: Weird being recognised in public
- Bang Showbiz
- 9 April 2014
Luke Evans finds it "very weird" that he's being recognised in public following his appearance in 'The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug'
Luke Evans finds it "very weird" being recognised in public.
The 34-year-old actor - who has starred in numerous West End productions - plays Bard the Bowman in 'The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug' and after hitting the big screen opposite Benedict Cumberbatch and Evangeline Lilly his fan base is growing.
He told collider.com: "It was very weird because for a long a time no one really recognised me from my films, but 'The Hobbit' has totally changed that and I've had some really special moments, especially with youngsters."
Evans was spotted by some young fans when he was out with his grandparents and recalled their excitement when they met him.
He explained: "I took my grandparents to this mine in South Whales a couple of months ago ... After the tour we went to the cafe and then we left the cafe and the little girls mum came running out. She says, 'Look, I hope you don't mind, but my daughter thinks you're the character from 'The Hobbit' and I know you're not, but would you just pretend that you are for a second, because she's obsessed and she thinks it's you and she followed you into this cafe.' And I was like, 'I am Bard the Bowman,' and she couldn't believe it.
"She went, 'Please come and meet my daughter.' So I went back into this cafe and this little kid, she couldn't quite believe it, but she said, 'I told you it was him! I knew it was him!' Stories like that are really special and really nice."


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Words that end in ebraban
Found 1 words that end in ebraban. Browse our Scrabble Word Finder, Words With Friends cheat dictionary, and WordHub word solver to find words that end with ebraban. Or use our Unscramble word solver to find your best possible play! Related: Words containing ebraban
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text:
Leather and House Check Wallet with Detachable Strap
All orders will be fulfilled by Burberry Limited and shipped from the UK. When you place your order, you accept Burberry's Terms and Conditions and confirm that you have read our Privacy Policy.
Size Guide
Use the Size Guide to choose the best fit for your measurements.
In this window, you can find out the shipping and returns options for the selected item.
In this window, you can contact customer service for further assistance.
- An Italian-made wallet in grainy leather and House check. A detachable shoulder strap converts the wallet into a compact crossbody bag, with multiple compartments to keep essentials organised.
- 19 x 4.5 x 13.5cm/7.5 x 1.8 x 5.3in
- Outer: 100% cotton
- Trim: 100% calf leather
- Inner: 100% calf leather
- Lining: 100% polyamide
- Foldover top with magnetic closure
- One zip coin pocket, two slip pockets
- One expandable compartment
- Detachable shoulder strap
- Hand-painted edges
- Polished metal hardware
- Embossed Burberry lettering at the front
- Made in Italy
Item 40681441
Wear this with
The Westminster Heritage Trench Coat
Silk Cashmere Roll-neck Sweater
Stud Detail Leather Block-heel Pumps
Triangle and Feather Palladium-plated Drop Earrings


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A booking tool completely customised to your needs
A booking tool completely customised to your needs
Our best in market Booking solutions offer extensive capabilities to manage and streamline the travel booking process.
FCM gives your company access to a range of leading global and local online booking tools such as Seeqa, Concur, Serko and more. The FCM Connect online booking solution is customised to suit your needs across air, hotel, car and transfer booking options. You will maintain control of your corporate travel program and at the same time, satisfy travellers through providing the best travel choices.
Benefits include:
- Travellers can easily plan, seek approval, book and purchase complete travel itineraries within your company's policy –even when they're on the move
- Integrates the elements of your global travel program, including travel policies, preferred suppliers and negotiated rates, into one easy to use website
- Flexible and consolidated reporting
- Advanced search algorithms offers flexibility and multiple GDS access
- Integrates with your existing systems and third party providers
- Streamlines expense management
An introduction to FCM Connect Booking. Our best in region solutions offer extensive booking capabilities to speed up and streamline the travel booking process.


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Jaron K. Prim, 23, and Kenzell Hobbs, 18, were arrested at approximately 3:30 p.m. Thursday
Two Stuttgart men are behind bars after being arrested on residential burglary, possession of a controlled substance and theft of property charges.
Jaron K. Prim, 23, and Kenzell Hobbs, 18, were arrested at approximately 3:30 p.m. Thursday after officers found the men's vehicle stuck in a yard in the 1000 block of West 22nd. As officers were talking with the men about their gray Ford Taurus being stuck a man that lived in the neighborhood came outside of his home and told officers his house had been broke into.
Stuttgart Police Department Ptl. George Bethell arrived on the scene and stood with the suspects while other officers searched the area finding a small flat screen television next to the neighbor's privacy fence. A laptop was also found along with a trash bag full of other items.
The victim said his back door had been busted and someone had stolen several shotguns, rifles a pellet gun and a trash can, according to SPD Ptl. Cody Eason. Once contact was made with the man's neighbor the officers found stolen items on that side of the fence. The victim witnessed a black male throw something over his fence.
Prim and Hobbs were placed into custody, according to SPD Lt. Landers Austin and the vehicle was then searched. Officers found in plain view a bag of what appeared to marijuana, a grey glove matching one found in the victim's yard and inside the trunk a white trash can was found that the victim identified as his.
Neighbors said they witnessed the vehicle in the area the day before and officers went to the suspect's home after getting a written consent to search, accoring to SPD Criminal Investigation Division Det. Kim Garza. The officers found other stolen guns and they seized a Dell computer, a Toshiba television, a .22 caliber revolver, a Sanyo digital camera, a HP computer and keyboard along with a scope and a carbine.
"We recovered all the items that were stolen from the residence," Eason wrote in his report.
Hobbs and Prim were transported to the Arkansas County Detention Center and are being held at this time with no bond, according to Garza.


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Sapphire Radeon HD 5970 OC Review
Little Boy and Fat Man, the two bombs that changed the world as we know it. First Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima and then Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki to end World War II. You have to ask, what does a World War II lesson have to do with video cards? ATI dropped the first bomb with the release of the HD 5870 with clearly superior results over the previous generation ATI products and a commanding performance lead over the current top of the line nVidia single GPU video card, the GTX 285. Now Fat Man has taken flight with the release of the HD 5970. Clear in its sights is the top of the performance ladder for nVidia, the GTX 295. Each of us remembers the introduction of ATI's dual GPU behemoths, the HD 3870x2, HD 3870x2 and the HD 4870x2 and the performance they brought to the table. The 3870x2 gave ATI some high end punch followed up later in the year by the HD 4870x2 to increase the level of performance before the launch of nVidia's GTX 295. From that point the green camp has been wearing the performance crown in the single video card battle. Things look to be a changing! ATI has chosen to go a different route with the naming of this card because it really is not a dual 5870 or 5850 but a combination of both. How is that? It has the hardware from the 5870 doubled up but runs with the clock speeds of the HD 5850 to keep the power consumption and thermals in check even though the heatsink can handle a total of 400 watts. Much like the rest of the HD 5XXX family, the HD 5970 supports DirectX 11, Open CL and ATI's Eyefinity multi-display technology for an added level of immersion.
Sapphire has chosen the route of opening this salvo with an overclocked model for that extra added punch. The Sapphire HD 5970 OC 2GB comes equipped with a total of two RV 870 Cypress cores that have a total of 3200 Stream processors, delivering almost 5TFLOPs of processing power, making the HD 5970 the most powerful video card on the planet. Clock speeds come in a bit higher than the reference versions at 735MHz on the two Cypress cores and 1010MHz (4040MHz effective) on the 2GB of GDDR5 memory. Each core has 1GB of memory dedicated to it, running through a 512-bit bus (256x2). The specifications on paper look impressive, but that's not all; gone are the overclocking limits we have seen in the past as this card comes unlocked so you can throw the screws to it to gain some more FPS or distributed computing power. This card is designed to do some hardcore overclocking based on the construction. It features multiple Volterra voltage regulators, Japanese made pure ceramic SuperCapacitors, real time power monitoring and a programmable fan controller. The cores used are "low leakage" parts so you can get the best parts to push. With many HD 5870s hitting 1000MHz on the cores, overclocking should prove interesting. Let's take a look.
Closer Look:
Of course the packaging comes with the usual Sapphire flair. The front panel features not one but a pair of beauties that you can guess relates to the dual Cypress GPUs used in the construction of the Sapphire HD 5970 OC. Looks like Ruby has a twin sister! Front and center on the front panel are the mention of two games that are DX 11 titles, BattleForge and Dirt 2, and the HD 5970 comes with coupons for both games. BattleForge is already out and will be patched for DX 11, while Dirt 2 is the first true DX 11 game to be released in early December. Mentions of note on the front panel include the Redline overclocking utility, 2GB of GDDR5 memory, that the card is DX 11 ready, is Crossfire X capable, supports EyeFinity and that there is 4TFLOPs of computing power available. The rear panel expands on the features listed on the front panel. Of note on the back panel under "Ruby" is a small graphic that states all of the packaging is made with recyclable paper. The only way to improve this packaging would be to use recycled paper products to reduce the environmental footprint.
Inside the outer sleeve you have a plain cardboard box that houses the HD 5970 and accessories. The card is shipped in an antistatic bubble wrap bag in a form fitting cardboard enclosure that uses a foam block to prevent any movement. Under the HD 5970 you have another box that holds the accessories and documentation.
The bundle of accessories is typical of the type of bundle Sapphire includes with its cards. You get the documentation, driver disc, coupons that include keys for the two DX 11 games so you can download them and play, a card that shows where to download the Redline overclocking utility, a Crossfire bridge connector, DVI to HDMI adapter, mini DisplayPort to DisplayPort adapter, DVI to VGA adapter and both 6 and 8-pin to 4-pin power adapters to make sure you can connect the card to your power supply.
Let's see what the Sapphire HD 5970 OC has under the hood!


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Cyber Attack Could Compromise U.K. Armed Forces
The U.K.'s armed forces could be "fatally compromised" by cyber attacks because of their increasing reliance on information technology, lawmakers said in a report out Wednesday. WSJ's Ben Rooney examines their claims. Photo: Associated Press
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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Frozen in time
I remember a slim young woman at a subway (U-bahn) station in Berlin, Germany. She was one of several dozen strangers who were standing along the tracks, waiting for the train. When it rolled into the station, she ran lightly through the doors of one of the cars. How fresh and free she looked.
Little Keely was clutching one of my hands, and I had a folded umbrella stroller in my other hand. Baby Isaac was in a carrier on my chest, and my bag of necessaries was over my shoulder. Laden as I was, I admired the nimble, easy way the young woman moved and the swirl of her skirt as she turned. "I used to be like that," I thought. "I'll be like that again," (I was indulging in a moment of fantasy.)
By now, the girl in my mind is about the age I was when I saw her. I'm sure time has changed her, but in my mind's eye, she's still young, slender, and very quick and graceful. I've thought of her many times.


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To remove a breakpoint under the cursor, click in the toolbar. Equivalently you can choose Stepper > Breakpoint .
Where you wish to remove one or more breakpoints without finding them in the source, choose the menu command Stepper > Edit Breakpoints... , select a breakpoint or breakpoints in the Breakpoints list, and click Remove .
If you remove all breakpoints, then the breakpoints dialog is closed.
LispWorks IDE User Guide (Macintosh version) - 25 Nov 2011


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ramenbox necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 592 diseños de 111 diseñadores freelance.
Ramenbox.com needs a fun, poppy, cartoony logo that will be featured on the website, stationary, business cards, and of course, our actual Ramenboxes! Whats a Ramenbox? Well, users go to our site and choose from over 50 different types of instant noodles, all with their own reviews and ratings and then proceed to build their own custom box of ramen. We then ship them their personalized Ramenbox in a tray that is designed to sit on their countertop. Have fun with this one!
Ramenbox.com is about featuring the latest and greatest instant noodles that the world has to offer. the site will use a lot of reds, oranges, yellows, white, black/grays...we will model the site after your logo. the logo should feel fun and young, as we are primarily targetting college students, and it should definitely pop off the page, with a cartoony aspect to it. i know there will be a tendency to work in some asian-ness into the logo but please try to refrain from any asian references (no chopsticks). altho most of our instant ramen is asian, we are an American company. here is a link of an example of a logo/box that we like: http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images…_SH20_.jpg
as you can see, it is fun and cartoony and pops at you. please don't copy this logo, but let it get your creative juices going.
if you think you know what we might be looking for, please, by all means submit an entry. i will try to give as much feedback as i can everyday. thank you!!
- shades of reds, oranges, yellows, black/grays, whites on website
- simple and clean but cartoony and poppy
- easy to read
- prefer smooth rounded lines than straight sharp ones
- it must be dynamic and fun and cartoonish
- the brand is Ramenbox
- the tagline is Savor the Choice.
- if you are going to have noodles or even a box, we prefer to have them shown abstractly than literally.
- no chopsticks or forks
- no stereotypical asian-y images
- prefer not to have actual ramen noodles as part of the logo or even a box unless it's done ABSTRACTLY or tastefully
- no chinese food takeout boxes. please.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Free College Basketball Betting Odds & Picks for the the Oregon Ducks vs. Arizona State Sun Devils Thursday matchup. Senior guard Devoe Joseph has emerged as top scoring threat. The Sun Devils have lost 5 of 6 games with the victory coming against USC. Junior wing Trent Lockett and junior forward Carrick Felix are the only two Sun Devils to play in every game.
Oregon vs. Arizona St. Handicapping Preview | Jan. 12
January 12, 2012 By


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Architectural drawings
Budget ₹1500-12500 INR
Looking for draftsman... To develop detail drawing for construction of building..Plans will be given.. prepare working drawings.. details as per client need.. please quote ur average rate per project.. project size may vary from 2bhk to 3 floor school or apartment..
40 freelancers are bidding on average ₹9454 for this job
Hello, i am an Architect and interior designer. I am interested in doing working drawngs/ construction drawings and also if necessary i can do the sanctioning drawings too with all details. [login to view URL] More
Hello, I am an experienced architect and Interior Designer with international work exposure. I am practicing as professional architect for over 30 years. I have designed number of buildings and had overseen their cons More
Dear Sir/Madam , I am an Architect Having 5 years of experience on working field and drawings .I have already completed some live projects also .I hope you would like to give me an opportunity to wor More
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text:
Events Calendar
By Alex Szogyi and Maxim Gorky
Russian writer and founder of Socialist Realism Maxim Gorky's master play, The Lower Depths examines the outcasts of society, who live in the underworld, as they form their own system of living and surviving in a dog-eat-dog world. The play exposes a light at who really are the savages in oppressive governments and who are the heroes. The Lower Depths is not a traditional, plot driven play rather an examination of the human spirit.
December 1; 4:30 PM
December 2; 2:00 PM & 7:30PM
New World School of the Arts
25 NE 2 Street, Room 5903, Miami, Florida
Free and open to the public
Tickets at nwsa.mdc.edu
Information 305-237-3341
Facebook: newworldschoolofthearts
Facebook URL: https://www.facebook.com/pages/New-World-School-of-the-Arts/54395903197?ref=hl
Twitter: NWSA_MIAMI


text:
monday's news 23rd april includes west hamAn archive of Cockney Hammer's West Ham-related daily news digests.
Moderator: Gnome
18 posts • Page 1 of 1
monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
the sun
SAM ALLARDYCE insists it will be an outstanding season for West Ham — even if their dream of automatic promotion ends
The Hammers know anything less than victory at the King Power Stadium will rule them out of a top-two finish and send Southampton up to the Premier League.
And finishing in the play-offs would see them face the likes of in-form Blackpool to get into the top flight.
Big Sam said: "The only game we can think about is Leicester and try to win it to keep our glimmer of hope alive. Then we can build up to finishing on a high against Hull.
"No matter where we finish it will be an outstanding season from the players and we will take our destiny at the final whistle against Hull.
"We'll see where we go there from there. It will either be one hell of a celebration or we'll start getting focused on the play-offs."
the star
JAMES TOMKINS has urged West Ham to take advantage of Southampton's promotion wobble.
The Hammers would have been resigned to a play-off place if Saints had beaten Middlesbrough on Saturday, but instead they lost 2-1.
That means Sam Allardyce's men can take the battle for automatic promotion to the Premier League to the final weekend of the season with a win at Leicester tonight.
Defender Tomkins, who knows anything but victory will send Southampton up, said: "We are still confident. Our away record is really good and our home form – as we showed the other day in beating Brighton 6-0 – is definitely better as well.
"Of course we can go into the play-offs and win them.
"We will concentrate on the rest of the season first, though, because we could still go up automatically."
Allardyce would have rested key players had Southampton won, but is now expected to name a full-strength side.
the mail
Forget the play-offs, we want automatic promotion, says Tomkins
The shredded nerves of the Championship play-offs are their likely destination, but West Ham's players go into Monday night's game at Leicester adamant that automatic promotion can still be achieved.
Sam Allardyce's team have to win at the King Power Stadium and at home to Hull on Saturday while hoping that Southampton do not beat relegated Coventry.
Defender James Tomkins insists the play-offs can be avoided, saying: 'It's still mathematically possible that we could go up automatically. We go into games confident. We're disappointed to be in this position but we're still positive. Of course, we can go into the play-offs and win them.'
Two wins for West Ham and a draw for Southampton would bring goal difference into play come Saturday. Currently both sides have conceded the same number but the Saints have scored four more.
the telegraph
James Tomkins tells West Ham team-mates: we can still win automatic promotion
The third-placed Hammers have to take advantage of Southampton's defeat at Middlesbrough on Saturday to ensure the race goes to the final weekend of the season.
If Sam Allardyce's men fail to win at the King Power Stadium then Saints' place in the Premier League will be confirmed, leaving the east London club to negotiate the play-offs.
Even if West Ham win tonight they will need to beat Hull at Upton Park next Saturday and hope relegated Coventry do them a favour against Southampton.
Defender Tomkins, 23, said: "We're still confident. We're disappointed to be in this position but we're still positive. Of course we can go into the
play-offs and win them. It's not the end of the world.
"We will concentrate on the rest of the season first, though, because it's still mathematically possible that we could go up automatically. We just have to focus on that."
Allardyce is waiting on the fitness of striker Carlton Cole plus defenders George McCartney and Joey O'Brien before finalising his line-up.
On-loan Swansea midfielder Gylfi Sigurdsson, 22, has been priced at £10m by parent club Hoffenheim, who will try to ward off plenty of potential summer suitors, including interested parties Liverpool, Everton and Manchester United.
Daily Mirror
Former Chelsea boss Carlo Ancelotti is eyeing Liverpool striker Luis Suarez, 25, and 26-year-old Manchester City forward Edin Dzeko as he prepares for a summer spending spree at new club Paris Saint-Germain.
Sunderland manager Martin O'Neill wants to bring Wigan winger Victor Moses, 21, and Wolves' 25-year-old striker Steven Fletcher to the Stadium of Light. However, the Northern Irish coach has been told he must sell before he can buy, after previous Black Cats managers Roy Keane and Steve Bruce splashed too much cash.
Daily Express
Bolton want Fifa to process the signing of free agent Gregg Wylde, 21, as soon as possible. The Scottish winger took voluntary redundancy from Rangers in March after the Scottish giants went into administration.
Daily Mirror
Bankrolled Russian top flight club Anzhi Makhachkala are in the hunt for another Premier League signing. Chelsea midfielder Raul Meireles, 29, could be heading to Dagestan to join former Blackburn defender Christopher Samba and international stars Samuel Eto'o and Roberto Carlos.
Veteran Fulham midfielder Danny Murphy is poised to sign a new contract to keep him playing at Craven Cottage, despite rumours of an imminent move away. The pivotal 35-year-old said: "There's no great urgency with me, because I'm happy and they are happy with me. I'd be surprised if it didn't get sorted."
: the Sun
Jose Mourinho is to be offered a cool £9m a year, after tax, to take up the reins once more at Chelsea.
Chelsea supremo Roman Abramovich is prepared to break the bank to lure former manager Jose Mourinho away from Real Madrid and back to Stamford Bridge. Wages of more than £9m a year after tax and a Bernabeu compensation package of £25m are not out of the question.
Daily Mail
Norwich frontman Grant Holt, 31, wants to cap off a productive first season in the Premier League with a late call-up to the England squad for Euro 2012. Highlighting his strengths, Holt explained: "If you put the ball in the area I will do my best to finish."
the Sun
Fresh from drawing 4-4 in a thrilling comeback at Manchester United, Everton boss David Moyes may be on the lookout for a new project come the summer. That is the fear of Everton legend and current Toffees' Under-18s manager, Alan Stubbs. "I think David has come to a crossroads in his career," said Stubbs.
Daily Star
Former Manchester United star Mickey Thomas says that when midfielder Paul Scholes, 37, hangs up his boots for a second time it will cost Sir Alex Ferguson £40m to replace him. "He's the player of the season if Man United win the title," insisted the one-time Reds winger.
Wigan goalkeeper Ali Al-Habsi wants to be one of the three players aged over 23 permitted for the Omani football team at the London 2012 Olympics. "Crowds in Oman are crazy about football and to be in the Olympics would be a dream for the country, the players and for everyone," said the 30-year-old.
Barcelona boss Pep Guardiola says Tuesday's Champions League semi-final second leg against Chelsea will make or break the Catalans' campaign. "What happens against Chelsea will mark the rest of our season," the Spaniard said.
"I once dragged a player into my office and told him if he dived again, I'd sell him," reveals Blackpool boss Ian Holloway, in light of recent controversies regarding simulation. The colourful coach continues: "There isn't a manager in the game who encourages his players to cheat."
babe of the day
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Cheers CH
Good to hear Tomkins talking up our chances, I just hope we do go all out for the win tonight, backing up the statements some of the players have made this week...
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Thanks CH. Talking up our chances hasn't been a problem for our players this season. Now might be a good time to start backing those fine words with results. Talk is cheap James, it's time to deliver.
Ian Holloway says "there isn't a manager in the game that encourages his players to cheat". Maybe so Ian but I'll bet there are plenty that give little more than lip-service to discouraging it, if that much.
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Cheers CH
I see in todays metro there was a whole page advertising tickets for our game vs Hull on Saturday
Last edited by west ham15 on Mon Apr 23, 2012 9:06 am, edited 1 time in total.
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
You've talked the talk Tomka ~ Now walk the walk
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
There's one every week in the metro when we're at home.. the advertising as cheap as it seems has somehow worked this year!
Cheers as always CH!
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Does Allardyce generally believe the ***** that he writes/ speaks? I have never came across a manager who spouts some much hot air....(other than Redknapp).
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Cheers, CH.
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
It hasnt been an outstanding season at all.
Thanks CH
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Cheers CH, as always.
I probably wouldn't go as far as saying we have had an outstsanding season, but let's face it, win tonight and we take the fight all the way to the last game of the season when although I would not expect a slip up from the Saints, you just never know. So compared to the dross of the last few seasons, it has been a very good season and if just a couple of those home draws had been converted to wins, it would still be in our own hands. Alas, it is not but first things first, let's get the right result tonight to at least take it the last game.
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
23rd of April.......
Another St Georges day slips quietly by................
Lets hope the Hammers make it one to remember.
Re: monday's news 23rd april includes west ham
Without question, its been better seeing us at least win this season as compared to the last few. That said, with the money invested, the size of our sqaud and the experience of the players we brought in, we should have romped this league. Those bloody draws....!!!!!
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Her plan was ambitious if not audacious. At that time Clarkson, like many other American universities, had no formal programs established for students to study in a foreign country. Gilder herself had never been abroad and knew little about negotiating international travel - not to mention other cultures and educational systems.
But Gilder had already staked out her position as a pioneer. When she applied to Clarkson only 50 female students were enrolled at the University. Studying overseas was simply another opportunity to be seized and a challenge to be overcome. Gilder investigated Clarkson's policies and discovered that she could take a semester-long leave of absence. She decided to pursue study at a university in Great Britain. "A logical choice," she recalls, "as there was no language barrier - or so I thought."
Over the summer she applied to several schools in Britain. Then she received an acceptance letter from a Mrs. Maria Watkins at the City University in London. Six months later, on January 5, 1978, Gilder left for London.
Today, Gilder is an environmental manager with the
State of Alaska. She; her husband, Dan; and their dog, Jax, split their time between their house in Anchorage, a cabin in Sutton, and a homestead in Ferry.
While her life has taken a number of unexpected turns and she has continued to follow the path less traveled (her homestead in Ferry, for example, is situated four miles off the road system and was largely built from the ground up by Gilder and her husband), she still considers her study abroad as among the few "defining" moments in her life.
"It gave me the experience and courage to know I could make it on my own," Gilder says. "To move someplace where you did not know anyone and see that you could successfully manage it was very important. It made the transition from college and picking a place to work easier. I wasn't afraid to go somewhere completely new."
Thirty years after Gilder's semester in London, hundreds of Clarkson students have taken advantage of the opportunities the University offers for overseas study. Today's students can choose from semester abroad programs at more than 35 universities in 19 countries, including New Zealand, Sweden, Singapore, Germany, Australia, Mexico and Ireland.
Ascolese did what many college students did back then. He got a Eurail Youthpass, which at $290 in 1983 was a relatively cheap way to travel throughout Europe. He then spent the month before the start of the semester traveling by train through France, Germany, Spain and the Netherlands, staying in cheap hotels and youth hostels. "It was an incredible experience," he says.
"My time abroad as a student definitely has had an impact on my life," Ascolese continues. "I focused on job opportunities that could take me abroad down the road. I accepted a job on the west coast right out of Clarkson. I wanted to be closer to Asia since that's where the explosive growth was overseas."
Ascolese also met his wife while working abroad in 1989 and raised his two children in Japan. "I can't imagine any greater impact than that," he adds. He and his family are huge soccer fans: "A sport I learned to love during my time as a student in London."
It is this confidence as well as the independence and resourcefulness students develop during their time abroad that makes it so valuable for them personally as well as professionally.
"For many students, this is the first time they have been out of the United States or spent any significant amount of time abroad," says Kathryn Johnson, vice president for University Outreach and Student Affairs. "They leave their comfort zone when they leave the U.S. They also leave their culture and often their language behind too. Even with the support we provide and the assistance they get from our overseas partners, they are still on their own to manage their day-to-day lives.
It is an education in every sense of the word."
When they return, Johnson says, they are eager to talk about their experiences. "They look at the world - as well as our own country -
in a brand new way."
After Gilder's return from her semester in England in 1978, then Dean of Admission John Chapple decided to try to establish a formal relationship with City University in London. Under his leadership, a study abroad exchange agreement was signed the following year. The first group of "official" Clarkson exchange students - two seniors and eight juniors - studied in London during the 1979-80 academic year, while three London students attended Clarkson. The program was operated through the Admission Office and remained the only study abroad program offered for the next 14 years.
It wasn't until 1993 that Johnson, then director of the Career Center, decided the time was right to develop a more ambitious study abroad program. She offered to take over the program and began to develop it in earnest. "The first thing I did was poll freshman and sophomores to determine interest level," Johnson recalls. "Needless to say, it was very high. I also asked students to rank countries in order of preference."
One year later, in 1994, a second inter-institutional agreement was signed, this time with Luleå University in Sweden. More than 15 years later, the exchange program with Luleå continues to flourish. It remains Johnson says, not only a very successful long-term partnership "but a model of the kind of mutually satisfying relationship that can develop between two schools."
By 2000, Kathryn Johnson and her team were ready to expand into Asia. "You can see how the trend is going and you want to keep step with the areas of the world that are becoming increasingly important to the U.S. and the global economy," she says. The first agreement in Asia was signed in 2003 with City University of Hong Kong.
Alison Johnson '06 (Arête) was the second Clarkson student to go to Asia in the fall of 2004. While her courses at City University of Hong Kong were taught in English, she took courses in Mandarin as well as Chinese culture and also traveled extensively throughout East Asia.
Although she was completely absorbed into the culture - the people, food, language and customs - she admits to having been homesick.
"It was hard at times," she says.
Still, the experience forever changed the way she viewed the world. "Before studying abroad, I had never been farther than Mexico or Canada so my view on the world was quite limited," she recalls. "Afterwards, I had a better sense of how much there was to see outside of New York and how important it is to see as much of the world as possible."
Since graduating, Alison Johnson has also opted to live and work abroad. "I work for HSBC Bank as an International Proposition Development Manager in the United Kingdom," she says. "I would not have received this position without previous experience overseas."
Clarkson has also established partnerships with Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul and the National University of Singapore, a school that ranks among the world's top research institutions. Clarkson welcomed two students from Singapore this past academic year, while the first group of Clarkson exchange students is scheduled to travel to Singapore in the fall.
The University recently signed an agreement with the India Institute of Technology (IIT) in Madras, to open its first study abroad program in India. The Student Life staff is also researching opportunities with two additional universities in China and one in Malaysia.
Faculty involvement and relationships with partner institutions also
translates into a high quality educational program and student experience. "The global connections of our faculty really help us leverage these agreements," says Kathryn Johnson. "Our strongest relationships are often built through faculty involvement."
In fact, a recent article published by the Institute of International Education found that half of the 162 international educators polled reported that applications for overseas study were equal to or higher than the previous year.
That study abroad programs and trips would remain strong despite gloomy economic times might seem surprising. But the increasing strength of the U.S. dollar in overseas markets makes it a more attractive prospect. Another reason may just be that students see overseas study not only for its personal value, but also as a shrewd investment in their future careers.
"Today's students understand global trends and they see the value of study abroad - particularly in a region like Asia - and the potential impact on their careers," says Johnson. "Recruiters are interested in employees with international experience and a broader awareness. Students see study abroad for the career asset that it is."
The bill will provide financial support to students studying abroad with a goal of sending at least one million students from diverse backgrounds abroad over a 10-year period. The Simon Act will dramatically increase participation in study abroad, effectively making it an important feature of 21st-century education in America.
While study abroad is encouraged throughout the University, it is mandatory for School of Business students for precisely this reason.
"Two years ago our faculty instituted our Global Study Program as a required component of our curriculum in response to the reality of today's global marketplace," says Assistant Professor Michael Wasserman, former associate dean for undergraduate programs. "Industry leaders need graduates entering the workforce to work effectively with colleagues, suppliers and customers from all corners of the world."
Business students can fulfill the requirement through a semester-long study abroad with one of Clarkson's partner institutions or through one of the short-term faculty-led immersion experiences.
It would be hard to overemphasize the impact study abroad has had on the hearts and minds of participants. In addition to affecting professional and personal decisions, many have been inspired to perform service or work for international relief organizations.
As Alison Johnson notes about her semester in Hong Kong, "I learned how much of an impact America has on the rest of the world and that being born an American is a privilege and with that privilege also comes responsibility." She is now taking a leave of absence from her job at HSBC to spend a year working with humanitarian groups on projects throughout the world.
Kevin Pilcher's '02 (E&M) study abroad at the University of Newcastle in Australia was the launch pad for his post-graduation global journey.
"There is such a wide range of opportunities in the world and studying abroad confirmed this," he says. "I have had the chance to learn and do so many different things. I was in the Peace Corps in Tanzania for two years teaching math and physics at a boarding school. I learned to speak Swahili. I lived among people with completely different lifestyles."
Currently, Pilcher is teaching English in South Korea. "Wherever I have gone, I have always met kind and generous people."
For Pilcher, as well as the hundreds of alums who have studied and worked abroad, the world is becoming "a smaller place."


text:
John the Ripper is a fast password cracker. Its primary purpose is to detect
weak passwords. Besides several crypt(3) password hash types most commonly
found on various Unix flavors, supported out of the box are Kerberos AFS and
Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 LM hashes, plus several more with contributed patches.
This script includes an option to apply the community-enhanced "Jumbo" patch,
which integrates lots of contributed patches adding support for over 40
additional hash and cipher types (including popular ones such as NTLM, raw MD5,
etc.), as well as some optimizations and features. Unfortunately, its overall
quality is lower than the official version's. To include the Jumbo patch,
simply pass JUMBO=1 to the build script:
JUMBO=1 sh john.SlackBuild
This script also includes an option to merge the /usr/share/dict/words
dictionary into the standard password list, which marginally improves results
compared with the default password list. To include this, simply pass
MERGEWORDS=1 to the build script:
MERGEWORDS=1 sh john.SlackBuild
The options can be used in combination as well:
JUMBO=1 MERGEWORDS=1 sh john.SlackBuild
For more information, consult the project's homepage and/or the documentation
installed in /usr/doc/john-1.7.9
Maintained by: Murat D. Kadirov
Keywords: john the ripper,jtr,cracker
ChangeLog: john
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john.tar.gz.asc (FAQ)
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