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Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is necessary for normal growth and development.
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water. Leftover amounts of the vitamin leave the body through the urine. That means you need a continuous supply of such vitamins in your diet.
Alternative Names
Ascorbic acid; Dehydroascorbic acid
Vitamin C is needed for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body. It is used to:
- Form an important protein used to make skin, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels
- Heal wounds and form scar tissue
- Repair and maintain cartilage, bones, and teeth
Vitamin C is one of many antioxidants. Antioxidants are nutrients that block some of the damage caused by free radicals.
- Free radicals are made when your body breaks down food or when you are exposed to tobacco smoke or radiation.
- The buildup of free radicals over time is largely responsible for the aging process.
- Free radicals may play a role in cancer, heart disease, and conditions like arthritis.
The body is not able to make vitamin C on its own, and it does not store vitamin C. It is therefore important to include plenty of vitamin C-containing foods in your daily diet.
For many years, vitamin C has been a popular remedy for the common cold.
- Research shows that for most people, vitamin C supplements or vitamin C-rich foods do not reduce the risk of getting the common cold.
- However, people who take vitamin C supplements regularly might have slightly shorter colds or somewhat milder symptoms.
- Taking a vitamin C supplement after a cold starts does not appear to be helpful.
Food Sources
All fruits and vegetables contain some amount of vitamin C.
Fruits with the highest sources of vitamin C include:
- Cantaloupe
- Citrus fruits and juices, such as orange and grapefruit
- Kiwi fruit
- Mango
- Papaya
- Pineapple
- Strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, cranberries
- Watermelon
Vegetables with the highest sources of vitamin C include:
- Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower
- Green and red peppers
- Spinach, cabbage, turnip greens, and other leafy greens
- Sweet and white potatoes
- Tomatoes and tomato juice
- Winter squash
Some cereals and other foods and beverages are fortified with vitamin C. Fortified means a vitamin or mineral has been added to the food. Check the product labels to see how much vitamin C is in the product.
Cooking vitamin C-rich foods or storing them for a long period of time can reduce the vitamin C content. Microwaving and steaming vitamin C-rich foods may reduce cooking losses. The best food sources of vitamin C are uncooked or raw fruits and vegetables.
Side Effects
Serious side effects from too much vitamin C are very rare, because the body cannot store the vitamin. However, amounts greater than 2,000 mg/day are not recommended because such high doses can lead to stomach upset and diarrhea.
Too little vitamin C can lead to signs and symptoms of deficiency, including:
- Bleeding gums
- Decreased ability to fight infection
- Decreased wound-healing rate
- Dry and splitting hair
- Easy bruising
Gingivitis(inflammation of the gums)
- Nosebleeds
- Possible weight gain because of slowed metabolism
- Rough, dry, scaly skin
- Swollen and painful joints
- Weakened tooth enamel
A severe form of vitamin C deficiency is known as
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamins reflects how much of each vitamin most people should get each day. The RDA for vitamins may be used as goals for each person.
How much of each vitamin you need depends on your age and gender. Other factors, such as pregnancy and illnesses, are also important.
The best way to get the daily requirement of essential vitamins, including vitamin C, is to eat a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods.
Dietary Reference Intakes for vitamin C:
- 0 - 6 months: 40* milligrams/day (mg/day)
- 7 - 12 months: 50* mg/day
*Adequate Intake (AI)
- 1 - 3 years: 15 mg/day
- 4 - 8 years: 25 mg/day
- 9 - 13 years: 45 mg/day
- Girls 14 - 18 years: 65 mg/day
- Pregnant teens: 80 mg/day
- Breastfeeding teens: 115 mg/day
- Boys 14 - 18 years: 75 mg/day
- Men age 19 and older: 90 mg/day
- Women age 19 year and older: 75 mg/day
- Pregnant women: 85 mg/day
- Breastfeeding women: 120 mg/day
Smokers or those who are around secondhand smoke at any age should increase their daily amount of vitamin C an additional 35 mg per day.
Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding and those who smoke need higher amounts of vitamin C. Ask your doctor what amount is best for you.
Escott-Stump S, ed. Nutrition and Diagnosis-Related Care. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
Sarubin Fragaakis A, Thomson C. The Health Professionals Guide to Popular Dietary Supplements. 3rd ed. Chicago, Il: American Dietetic Association; 2007.
Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 2000.
Douglas RM, Hemila H, Chalker E, Treacy B. Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 2007(3):CD000980.
Review Date:
Reviewed By:
Alison Evert, MS, RD, CDE, Nutritionist, University of Washington Medical Center Diabetes Care Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by A.D.A.M. Health Solutions, Ebix, Inc., Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, David R. Eltz, Stephanie Slon, and Nissi Wang.


text: USC continues to be a strong player with OL Bentley Spain of Charlotte according to his coach Randy Long. "He has a high interest in South Carolina," Long said. "It's one of his top schools. He's had an opportunity to form a relationship with the coaches there, especially Shawn Elliott. He wants to make his decision in the next three months if he can." Spain has taken several visits to USC which was the first school to offer him. He has a short list of USC, North Carolina, LSU, Michigan, Stanford and Virginia with no leader according to Long.

subset: commoncrawl


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Famous Monsters of Filmland #17 (Warren, 1962) Condition: VG/FN. Bride of Frankenstein cover by Basil Gogos. Jerry Weist's ...Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
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DescriptionFamous Monsters of Filmland #17 (Warren, 1962) Condition: VG/FN. Bride of Frankenstein cover by Basil Gogos. Jerry Weist's Comic Art Price Guide lists a FN value of $100. From the Collection of Chris Bell.
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Lettering Arts w/Maureen Peters
August 5, 2015 in Adults
08/05/2015 6:30 pm - 8:30 pm
Maureen Peters of Letterworks Art and member of the Philadelphia Calligrapher's Society joins us every week, creating unique pieces using calligraphy techniques, brush work, resists, embossing, stamping and more. The group meets at the library every Wednesday from 6:30 to 8:30 PM. If you've ever thought about trying calligraphy here's your chance! All levels are welcome; supplies and instructions are available for newcomers. These programs are open to everyone 15 years of age and older, and no sign-up is required.


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Moore Campaign Complains About Super PAC Ad
Republican Roy Moore's Alabama Senate campaign is demanding that a political group quit running a commercial about sexual misconduct allegations against the candidate.
The Moore campaign says an ad paid for by a super PAC called Highway 31 includes "patently false" claims about the accusations against Moore.
The ad highlights allegations that Moore tried to date teenage girls while he was in his 30s in the northeast Alabama city of Gadsden.
The Moore campaign issued a statement Wednesday saying it's threatening to sue over the ad.
An Alabama political consultant who is linked to the group, Adam Muhlendorf, didn't immediately respond to an email seeking comment.
The Alabama secretary of state's office has complained about incorrect voting information it says is in another commercial sponsored by Highway 31.


text:
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MMS feature released for iPhone 3G and 3GS
Posted by Andru Edwards Categories: Apple, Cell Phones, Handhelds,
Hey, don't look now, but all of you who didn't opt to enable iPhone MMS yourselves, the time has come for you to let iTunes do it for you. A carrier update file is now available that, once installed, will enable MMS officially for AT&T iPhone users throughout the US. All you need to do is connect your iPhone 3G or iPhone 3GS to your computer, and tell iTunes to check for an update. Install the file, and let the pictures of kittens start flying.
Oh, and yes, if you are an iPhone OG owner, you are left out in the cold on this one.
© Gear Live Inc. {year} – User-posted content, unless source is quoted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Public Domain License. Gear Live graphics, logos, designs, page headers, button icons, videos, articles, blogs, forums, scripts and other service names are the trademarks of Gear Live Inc.


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Southwest Cargo® likes to keep things simple, and that's why we offer you effortless shipping with fast, efficient service. Shipping Cargo can seem complex with a lot of rules, so here's our 101 lesson on shipping on Southwest Airlines® .
Whether you're an individual or a large business, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) mandates Southwest Airlines may only accept Cargo weighing 16 ounces or greater from Known Shippers or TSA-approved Indirect Air Carriers (IAC).
A Known Shipper is an individual or business that has an established reputation in the shipping community and is offering their own goods for transportation. To become a Known Shipper, you must complete a Cargo account application. Additional supporting documentation may be requested to complete the application approval process. Once your account is established, please remember to bring the account number to ship with Southwest Cargo.
If you are a Courier or Freight Forwarding company you may be known as an Indirect Air Carrier, (IAC). If you are already a TSA approved IAC, then you will need to provide a copy of your Indirect Air Carrier certification letter along with your account application.
For details on how to become a TSA approved company, please contact:
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Southwest Airlines does not accept shipments weighing 16 ounces or greater from an Unknown Shipper. However, we will accept a small package, provided it is one piece weighing less than 16 ounces and a valid government-issued photo identification is provided.
You must book your international shipments in advance. Please call our Cargo Customer Care Center at (800) 533-1222 to book your shipment up to 10 days in advance.
If you are booking international to a domestic location, please contact your local GSA.
Before Customers ship with Southwest Cargo, check out cutoff times, items not accepted for shipping, packaging, pickup & delivery, and shipping guidelines.Cutoff Times
Southwest Cargo facilities have a designated cutoff time before each flight. This means the air waybill transaction and inspection must be complete prior to the Cargo facility's stated cutoff time for all Next Flight Guaranteed (NFGSM) shipments.
View a list of items Southwest Airlines does not accept for shipment.
It is important to ensure your shipment is properly packaged.
To independently schedule a pickup and/or delivery, locate a courier through our partnership with CDLA.
We want to take the guess work out of your shipping needs. Shipping Guidelines provides Customers with information on weight & size, cutoff times, packaging & marking requirements, and much more.


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Still trying to find the most effective way to advertise your object?
ADD YOUR SERVICE to our cataloque.
Present your offer and let thousands of our users find your place!
Are you looking for wedding providers from Ja��n? Find your all wedding providers - from flowers, music, decoration, through planner and photographer, to your perfect wedding venue.


text:
Echoes wrote:Reporting to the mods is really ... cowardice.
And on top of that, it's done anonymously.
Shall I ever report to the mods when I see a post that I don't appreciate? Sir, no Sir. Freedom for Christ's sake.
I don't know what to call this. I'm staggered. I mean, I'm feeling like in the old schoolyard when we reported to the teachers (or perhaps in 1942...).
Sad, very sad.
And no I don't like this omerta rule about doping but I tend to respect it whenever possible. However sometimes, it's impossible. Otherwise it seems like false pleading to me.
What do you call a rider who is on holiday from August to January?
He's won the Vuelta two times already.


text:
- Home >
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- Flexcut SK Double Bevel Skew Chisels No.2
The Flexcut SK chisels will fit into the Flexcut handle (810478) for carving by hand or, by using the 810480 adaptor, into the Bosch or Skil power carvers.
|#2 Skew Chisel
Own it? Review it! Be the first to tell everyone what you think about this product...


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What is RM Cash
Paul in CA
This particular grease must have a high melting point. In the past, I have tried different types of lube to put on my caliper pins, and when checked after a few rides, would disassemble and see the grease had turned to powder, or gum. This stuff works!Read All Reviews


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STOCKTON - A man was arrested Thursday after trying to run his girlfriend off the road and later assaulting a police officer, authorizes said.
A 27-year-old woman told police she was driving on March Lane about 4 p.m. when her boyfriend, driving another vehicle, tried to run her off the road. The woman called 911 and continued to drive home while her boyfriend, 24-year-old Lawrence Gonzalez, followed, authorities said.
Officers detained Gonzalez when they arrived at the home, in the first block of East Yorkshire Drive.
As officers were trying to determine what happened, they learned Gonzalez was wanted on an outstanding warrant, police said. When officers tried to place him under arrest, Gonzalez pushed a female officer to the ground and attempted to run away, authorities said. Officers used a stun gun to subdue Gonzalez, who continued to fight in an effort to flee before being taken into custody, police said.
Officers said Gonzalez had threatened to shoot his girlfriend, and police found a handgun in his vehicle, authorities said. He was arrested on suspicion of battery on a peace officer, assault with a deadly weapon with force likely to produce great bodily injury, unlawful possession of a firearm and other crimes, authorities said.
Man held for attack on girlfriend, police
STOCKTON - A man was arrested Thursday after trying to run his girlfriend off the road and later assaulting a police officer, authorizes said.


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Editor's Note: This article was created by aggregating news articles from Missouri Watchdog.
State law limiting birth control sparks lawsuit trying to stop it
The Missouri General Assembly's decision to override Democratic Gov. Jay Nixon's contraception bill veto Wednesday has sparked a lawsuit to prevent the legislation from becoming law.
The Greater Kansas City Coalition of Labor Union Women filed a lawsuit in Cole County Circuit Courtlate Wednesday seeking an injunction against the measure, which allows state employers to refuse to provide insurance coverage for contraception on religious grounds.
"We consider this move to be just another right—wing assault on workers limiting our members' options and choices," said Edward Keenan, an attorney representing the group. "Our message is loud and clear: When you attack workers' access to health care, labor fights back."
Missouri legislators created the bill in response to an Obama administration policy that requires employers to provide coverage for contraception. Initially, the federal policy required all employers to offer the insurance, but President Barack Obama backtracked to allow an exemption for religious employers.
The Missouri law allows any employer to decline to offer the coverage.
Thomas who? Schools that honor Jefferson restrict free speech, group says
The University of Missouri—Columbia has multiple ties to founding father Thomas Jefferson, but the school recently was targeted in a study on schools that suppress free speech.
The third U.S. president, whose original grave marker resides on the MU quadrangle, would probably be disappointed to hear Mizzou is one of several public universities in the Show Me State criticized by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education for policies that infringe on First Amendment freedoms.
That Philadelphia—based educational organization dinged MU for a vague sexual harassment policy that says "lesser levels of sexually harassing behaviors may be inconsistent with MU's commitment to a safe and inclusive work and learning environment."
"Constitutionally speaking, they can't punish lesser levels of harassment that don't reach the legal level of harassment," said Samantha Harris, director of speech code research for FIRE.
MU spokesman Christian Basi told Missouri Watchdog the university takes both free speech and sexual harassment seriously, calling safety the institution's "number one priority."
Wording on judge appointment amendment to stay the same
A second ballot initiative summary penned bySecretary of State Robin Carnahan was upheld in court Tuesday.
Now voters must decide in November if they want to give the governor more authority appointing high court judges.
Both Carnahan's office and opponents of the measure praised the ruling byCole County Circuit Judge Jon Beetem that doesn't change the original ballot wording of Constitutional Amendment 3.
"The secretary of state's office has a legal obligation to provide Missourians with fair and sufficient summaries of ballot measures," Carnahan said in a statement. "The judge's decision supports our position that the summary drafted by our office meets that legal standard."
Former Missouri Bar Association president Skip Walther, who leads a committee opposing the proposal, called the amendment "dangerous" because he said it further politicizes the process of judicial selection.
"The last thing we need is for politicians to be in charge of this process," he said.
The summary will read as follows on the ballot:
"Shall the Missouri Constitution be amended to change the current nonpartisan selection of supreme court and court of appeals judges to a process that gives the governor increased authority to:
- appoint a majority of the commission that selects these court nominees; and
- appoint all lawyers to the commission by removing the requirement that the governor's appointees be non—lawyers?"
Nixon extends farmer drought relief program
Gov. Jay Nixon has extended the deadline for nearly 6,000 Missourifarmers to complete projects to improve access to adequate water, but he provided a vague timeline to finish the work.
Nixon on Monday said the state of emergency he declared for Missouri due to the drought would be extended until Nov. 15.
The Democrat issued an executive order that says for participants to be eligible for the extension, they "must diligently endeavor to engage the services of contractors and/or suppliers necessary to complete the project by the earliest possible date."
"Despite the rain we've seen over the past two weeks, Missouri's agricultural community still has a pressing need for water, especially for livestock," Nixon said in a statement.
Missouri's Department of Agriculture and Department of Natural Resources approved 5,885 applications submitted between July 23 and Aug. 6 for projects to drill new wells, deepen existing wells or find other ways to provide additional water to livestock and crops.
Schools: University of Missouri – Columbia


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It was a brief visit, but Republican U.S. Senate candidate Dan Winslow made his point when he stopped by a gun show in Marlborough Saturday afternoon along the campaign trail.
It was a brief visit, but Republican U.S. Senate candidate Dan Winslow made his point when he stopped by a gun show in Marlborough Saturday afternoon along the campaign trail.
"I just wanted to come here and show my support for the Second Amendment," the state representative from Norfolk said, after quickly perusing the vendor tables and shaking a few hands at the crowded event.
Proudly supported by a sportsmen coalition, Winslow is centering his campaign on jobs and the economy, but doesn't shy away from talking about the gun issues that continue to drive heated debate across the country. Against the kind of gun control measures being pushed by Democrats, Winslow instead advocates for fixing what he considers the nation's deficient mental health system that he believes missed mass shooters such as James Holmes and Adam Lanza.
Guns - and gun shows - are not the root cause of violence, said the former judge, who recounted having his home bombed by a disgruntled developer and being stalked by a person with a compound hunting bow.
"There are plenty of ways you can harm and wreak havoc on a person's life," he said. "We already have (in Massachusetts) some of the most stringent gun control in the country. Have you noticed kids are still killing kids with illegal guns on a weekly basis? How's that working out?"
"Unfortunately, there are some people who have an emotional approach to this, which I think is incorrect," said Newman Chittenden, the promoter for this weekend's gun and knife show at the Best Western Royal Plaza Trade Center in Marlborough, who added it's only "law-abiding citizens" who attend such events.
The Daily News was prohibited from taking photos or interviewing anyone inside the sprawling convention center, which Winslow himself only toured for about 10 minutes. Outside, he commented it was busy, which was a good thing.
"I support commerce - I support free enterprise," he said.
Job creation is ultimately the top focus of his campaign, which Winslow said has been going full-tilt across the state since Easter weekend. His platform includes cutting spending and the national deficit, and lowering the corporate tax rate to spur economic growth.
While those sorts of approaches also have been espoused by many other unsuccessful Republican candidates in blue Massachusetts, Winslow said his history of political success on the state level gives him a unique edge.
"I'm a Republican who wins elections in Massachusetts," he said. "I've got a record of getting it done."
Winslow is in a tight race with his opponents in the Republican primary - former U.S. Attorney Michael Sullivan and ex-Navy SEAL Gabriel Gomez - which he insists is by no means merely a contest to be the sacrificial lamb to the winning Democrat.
"He hasn't had a serious challenger since 1978," Winslow said of front-runner Ed Markey, while having in lunch at CJ's Northside Grill in Framingham Saturday morning, right in the heart of Markey's congressional district. "I'm not confident the people of MetroWest have been electing him because he's the best choice."
Before heading into the Marlborough gun show, Winslow briefly chatted with Norfolk resident Walter Wisniewski, who lamented about the continued high unemployment in the state. Wisniewski said Winslow's done "very good" in his home district.
"He'd have my vote," he said.
Scott O'Connell can be reached at 508-626-4449 or email@example.com


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Grand Theft Auto IV Walkthrough
|Out of Commission
First, it's time to clear the front of the abandoned casino of the numerous enemies waiting there for you. The RPG we earlier recommended you buy comes in handy here, since the foes ahead are using motor vehicles for cover. Well-aimed rockets can eliminate the cars, forcing explosions that will kill, maim and injure many of the enemies who are currently hiding. Once some or all of the cars are ablaze, you can then pull out an assault rifle and begin running around, eliminating any stragglers. Be especially mindful of two pesky groups of enemies as you do this, however. Three foes will be along the lower roof on your right, while two shotgun-toting foes will attempt to make you miserable from a ditch behind the cars' location.
When all is quiet, it's time to breach the building. You have some options, because there are three ways this can be done. The first most undesirable way to do so is to simply go through the front door into the building, where you can deal with the remaining enemies head-on. The other two techniques are preferable, however, because they allow you to thin out the enemy ranks before having to face them directly in close quarters. Therefore, we recommend using one of these two techniques, two which meet up rather nicely in the end. Both involve going to the building's roof. While facing the front of the building, going left and around back will lead you to a long ladder which will lead to the roof, while going around to the right will bring you to a staircase and a shorter, more manageable ladder. Ultimately, however, once you're up there it's all a matter of getting to the various holes in the roof which will allow you to take potshots at the foes below without them being able to respond with more than random fire.
It's entirely possible you were able to clear each and every enemy from strategically placing yourself along the roof and firing through the holes in the aging structure. Either way, though, you're going to need to drop in and make sure for yourself. We recommend just falling through the roof (it's a completely survivable fall, plus there's health within if you need it), but if it makes you feel better, you can climb back down to ground level and go through the front door. Either way, as soon as you arrive, head through the rubble-filled rooms to clear any remaining enemies (there should only be five or six enemies in here total). Then, seek out a room on the far end of this abandoned building.
|Give us feedback!
|Continue Walkthrough...
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text:
From: Public Affairs
A plan to reorganize the College of Integrated Science and Technology into two colleges takes effect July 1. The new colleges will be the College of Health and Behavioral Studies and the College of Integrated Science and Engineering.
CISAT was the largest college on campus based on the number of majors served by nine academic departments. The move to divide the college follows four years of faculty discussions and collaborative planning and will allow for better recognition of the various programs.
The College of Health and Behavioral Studies (CHBS) will consist of seven academic units: communication sciences and disorders; psychology; graduate psychology; health sciences; kinesiology; nursing; and social work. The College of Integrated Science and Engineering (CISE) will consist of three departments: integrated science and technology; computer science; and engineering. ISAT and computer science were part of CISAT. The School of Engineering, which will become the department of engineering within CISE, was started about the time discussion began about separating the health and human service programs from the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) programs.
Dr. Sharon Lovell will serve as interim dean of CHBS and Dr. Robert Kolvoord will serve as the interim dean of CISE. Kolvoord will also continue in his role as the head of engineering. National searches for both deanships will occur at a later date.
The new colleges emphasize JMU's commitment to addressing pressing needs in Virginia and around the country to train students in the health and STEM fields.


text:
About This Page
This page displays information about the major you selected and helps you identify the community colleges where you can fulfill major preparation requirements.
University Majors
The Bachelor of Fine Arts degree is a professional program providing directed studies in nine studio concentrations within the visual arts. The program is designed for students seeking in-depth preparation for specialized goals selected from one of the following areas: ceramics, crafts, creative photography, drawing and painting, entertainment art/animation, graphic design, illustration, printmaking, and sculpture.
to read more about this major on the campus web site.
ASSIST Home | Exploring Majors Home | Majors | UC Campuses | CSU Campuses | Community Colleges | Course Articulation


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A man is missing after his canoe tipped over on a river in southwestern NSW.
The man, aged in his late 20s, was paddling on the Murrumbidgee River when the canoe overturned about 2.30pm (AEDT) on Sunday.
He failed to resurface, police say.
Police and emergency services were called out to a caravan park at Darlington Point and a search was begun. It was suspended at nightfall.
Police said the search would resume at first light on Monday and involve local officers, the State Emergency Service and Volunteer Rescue Association.


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Steam Greenlight Spotlight: Evoland
Posted: 02:54PM
Author: ClayMeow
Evoland is an action adventure RPG that tells the story of...action adventure games. The game starts out looking like a mere monochrome adventure game, but as you play through the game, you'll unlock new technologies, gameplay systems, and graphics, eventually turning the game into a full 3D RPG. Along the way, you'll also engage in a variety of different battle systems and encounter a number of references to many classic games. As you unlock new options, the whole world is changed, so you can go revisit previous areas and see the startling difference.
The concept for the game is based on Evoland Classic, the Ludum Dare #24 winner, which was created by Nicolas Cannasse in roughly 30 hours. Beating around 1400 other games is no small feat, but Evoland Classic was a rather short game and only stayed in the realm of 2D. Evoland promises to "enhance and continue the story in Evoland Classic, taking you further along the history of action adventure gaming, adding collectible items, new monsters and bosses, and more importantly new play styles and full 3D environments!"
You can watch the video below and then go play Evoland Classic (right in your browser) to realize why I'm eager to see this game completed and sold on Steam. For all you fathers out there that wish your kids knew what gaming was like when you were a kid, Evoland provides a great learning experience. For others, it may just be a pleasant trip down memory lane.
Previous Spotlight: Constant C. And don't forget to visit the forum thread.


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Greys River
Wyoming Elk Hunting Outfitter, Elk Hunt
First of all thank you for your interest in Greys
River. Please look over our
web site and our hope is to give you the information
you will need to come and give us a try for your Wyoming
big game hunting, summer horseback trip or winter activity.
We feel you have selected the best Wyoming Trophy Area
and Big Game Outfitter in the state of Wyoming.
We are now booking for our up coming Wyoming elk hunting
season. We will be glad to assist you with your Wyoming
elk hunting license application and schedules for your
next Greys River Trophy elk hunt. Here is a little information
about our Wyoming elk hunting guide service and Western
Wyoming area we call home.
Our Wyoming Hunting Guide Success
Our hunting success is credited to the prime country
in our area, the experience of our hunting guides and
well-maintained equipment to hunt the rugged terrain
of Wyoming. Our hunting guides put in long days, starting
long before daylight, working with our clients, helping
them hunt for their trophy animal.
Wyoming Elk Refuge
is a winter-feed ground for the main Elk herd on Greys
River, located just 5 miles from our camp. This assures
you that the game does not migrate out of this area.
The more snow, the closer the elk come. This feed ground
has one of the highest Bull to Cow ratios in the state.
is suggested that you be in the best physical shape
possible, for this is very rugged and strenuous country
with Elevations from 8500 - 11,000 ft. Horse experience
is a plus but not required. Practice shooting your rifle
off hand. A fast, flat trajectory caliber with 140 grain
bullets or more and sighted in at 3" high at 100
yards is recommended. An average shot is 250 - 300 yards.
spend countless hours of pre-season scouting for trophy
game, studying their habits and patterns. This increases
our client's odds of having an opportunity to
have a very successful hunt.
Rifle, Binoculars, All weather boots
Ammo, Canteen, Extra pairs gloves
Knife, Rain gear
Sleeping bag, Pillow, Towels
Fluorescent orange hat, vest or jacket
You should bring one extra rifle per party and plenty
of ammo.
Sight your rifles in at 3" high at 100 yards.
typical Wyoming hunting day begins about 4:00 AM with
a delicious hot breakfast while your hunting guides
get the horses saddled and ready for the long day ahead.
You will pack a lunch of your choosing and either mount
up to hunt from camp or load the horses in trailers
and truck to a fresh area of your hunting guides choosing.
You will be in the saddle long before daylight, start
you trek into the high rugged mountains, this putting
you in prime Wyoming hunting country at the crack of
dawn. We will glass the ridges and canyons for trophies
feeding or traveling to their day beds. Most of the
time we spot and stalk but in the heat of the day we
sometimes set up drives or foot hunt. Evenings we go
back to spotting and stalking. When you arrive at camp
there will be a great hot meal, hot shower, exciting
hunting stories and a warm comfortable tent and bed.
Elk Drop Camps/ Wyoming Mule Deer Drop Camps
Elk Drop camps are another service we offer to the do it
yourself er. Greys River will pack you and your gear
in to a location of your choice and pack you, your camp
and game out. We can supply you with camping equipment
and supplies.
Reasons to hunt with Greys River (a
leading icon in trophy hunting):
1. The finest trophy area in Wyoming.
2. Professional, Experienced and hard working guides.
3. Clean and comfortable camp.
4. The best horses and equipment in the business.
5. Licensed and Insured
Our personal guarantee is to do everything within our
power to make this hunting trip a very enjoyable and
productive experience. Check out our web site at www.greysriver.com
for photos and information on the hunts and trophies
taken this year.
Thanks again for your interest in our business If you
have other questions, need more information or help
with applications or schedules write to Greys River, 5671 Bittercreek Rd,
Afton, WY 83110
Email: email@example.com
We are looking forward to meeting you and hunting with
you this fall, good luck on the draw. If you are unsuccessful
in the draw or too late to apply for a license please
contact us for information on left over licenses for
this year.


text:
- April 25, 1944 - May 5, 2013
- Avenue, Maryland
of Harold's Passing
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Harold was born on April 25, 1944 and passed away on Sunday, May 5, 2013.
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text:
This is a labour of love. I've seen some Gingerbread Houses, it's no wonder that Hazel and Gretel got sucked in by the wicked witch.
Ingredients6 3/4 cups all purpose flour
4 1/2 teaspoons ground ginger
1 1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1 1/2 teaspoons baking soda
1 1/2 teaspoons salt
3/4 teaspoon ground cardamom
1 1/2 cups solid vegetable shortening
1 1/2 cups sugar
3 large eggs
3/4 cup molasses
1 roll kitchen parchment
1 1/2-inch round cookie cutter for roof tiles
Assorted cookie cutters (such as Christmas tree, gingerbread man, and star)
1 1/2 teaspoons baking soda
6 cardboard sheets (about 15 X 15 inches)
Waxed paper
DirectionsSift flour, ginger, cinnamon, baking soda, salt and cardamom into medium bowl. Using electric mixer, beat shortening in large bowl until fluffy. Add sugar and beat to blend. Beat in eggs 1 at a time. Add molasses and beat on high speed until well blended. Add dry ingredients in 4 additions, beating at low speed until dough forms. Divide dough into 6 equal pieces. Flatten each piece into rectangle. Wrap each in plastic and refrigerate until firm enough to roll, at least 6 hours. (Can be made 1 day ahead. Keep refrigerated.)
Rolling, Cutting and Baking:Each of the six pieces of dough will be used for one of the large sections of the house (the two side walls, the front and the back walls, and the two roof sections). The scraps will be rerolled to make the roof tiles, trees, stars, figures and other cookies for nibbling.
Make templates:On one cardboard sheet, draw 14-inch round and cut out, making base for house. On another cardboard sheet, draw one 7- X 10-inch rectangle and cut out. Outline rectangle 3 more times on cardboard sheets and cut out, making 4 foundation rectangles. Draw one 6- X 9-inch rectangle on cardboard sheet and cut out, making roof template. Draw one 7- X 4-inch rectangle on cardboard sheet and cut out, making side wall template. Cut out 2 (1 1/2-inch) squares for windows.
To make the template for the front and back of the house, draw a 4- X 5-inch rectangle on cardboard sheet, then use the 5-inch side of the rectangle as the base for a triangle with the opposite angle 4 inches away from base. To make a door, cut a 1 1/2- X 2 3/4-inch rectangle in the center of the opposite 5-inch side of rectangle.
Preheat oven to 350°F.
Roll out 1 dough piece (keep remaining dough refrigerated) between two 15-inch-long sheets of parchment to scant 1/4-inch rectangle, turning over dough and parchment occasionally. If parchment wrinkles, peel off, smooth wrinkle and reposition parchment over dough; continue to roll out dough to required thickness.
Roof:To make roof, place cardboard roof template atop parchment. Using small sharp knife, cut around template through top sheet of parchment to make 6x9-inch rectangle. Peel top parchment off dough.
Pull away excess dough from around the rectangle. Slide dough rectangle on its bottom parchment onto heavy large baking sheet.
Gather dough scraps; wrap in plastic and refrigerate.
Bake rectangle until dry looking, firm to touch in center and just beginning to darken around edges, about 13 minutes. Slide parchment with rectangle onto rack and cool completely. Rinse baking sheet under cold water to cool; wipe dry.
Walls:Repeat rolling, cutting and baking of each remaining 5 large dough pieces, 1 piece at a time, to make second roof section, 2 side walls, front wall and back wall (cut out windows on side walls and door on front wall but not door on back wall). Gather and refrigerate dough scraps for use later and rinse baking sheet to cool each time.
Roof tiles:Roll out some of reserved dough scraps between sheets of parchment to 1/8-inch thickness. Peel off top parchment. Using floured 1 1/2-inch round cookie cutter, cut out rounds for roof tiles. Using small knife as aid, cut and pull away dough from between rounds.
Slide parchment with cookie rounds onto cooled baking sheet. Bake cookies until dry looking and firm to touch, about 9 minutes. Slide parchment with cookies onto rack and cool cookies. Working in batches, repeat with more reserved dough to roll, cut and bake a total of 50 round cookies, gathering, wrapping and chilling any dough scraps each time.
Door and other cutouts:Roll out some of reserved dough between sheets of parchment to 1/8-inch thickness. Cut out 2 1/2x1 1/2-inch rectangle for front door. Using floured cookie cutters, cut out several stars, gingerbread figures, Christmas trees and other decorative shapes as desired. Using small knife as aid, pull or cut away dough from around door and between shapes. Slide parchment with cookies onto cooled baking sheet. Bake cookies until dry looking and firm to touch, about 9 minutes. Slide parchment with cookies onto rack and cool cookies completely. Remove all baked gingerbread from parchment. (All gingerbread can be prepared 2 days ahead. Store airtight at room temperature.)
Icing:You will prepare this recipe twice: once for assembling the gingerbread house, and again for decorating it.
4 large egg whites
7 to 7 1/2 cups powdered white sugar
Using electric mixer, beat egg whites in medium bowl until very foamy, about 1 minute. Add 1/2 cup powdered sugar. Beat until well blended. Add remaining cups sugar, 1/2 cup at a time, beating until well blended after each addition and scraping down sides of bowl occasionally.
Beat icing at high speed until very thick and stiff, about 5 minutes. (Second batch of icing will be made later.)
Assembly of Foundation and Walls2 pastry bags
1 1/4- to 3/8-inch diameter plain round pastry tip
Foundation:Place 14-inch round cardboard base on work surface. Spoon some icing into pastry bag fitted with 1/4- to 3/8-inch diameter tip; cover icing in bowl tightly to prevent drying. Pipe a small dab of icing in center of round. Place one 7x10-inch cardboard foundation rectangle on icing; press to adhere.
Pipe small mound of icing in center of rectangle. Place second 7x10-inch cardboard rectangle over; press to adhere. Repeat with more icing and remaining two 7x10-inch rectangles, forming the foundation for house in center of round cardboard base.
Walls:Pipe thick line of icing on bottom edge of 1 side wall. Stand wall on cardboard foundation, icing side down, 1 inch in from and parallel to one long side and 2 inches in from one short side; hold for 5 minutes.
Pipe thick line of icing onto front edge of wall. Press back edge of front wall (with door cutout) into icing on front edge of side wall. Hold pieces together for 5 minutes.
Pipe thick line of icing on bottom edge and up front edge of second side wall. Press icing on front edge of side wall into the back edge of front wall, positioning wall parallel to first side wall. Hold for 5 minutes.
Pipe line of icing up back edge of each side wall. Press edges of back wall (without door) into icing, forming the back of the house. Hold 5 minutes to set.
Pipe lines of icing inside house at 4 intersections of walls, along the base and on outside at all vertical joints to reinforce.
Pipe a thick line of icing along 1 long edge of front-door cookie. Attach cookie to left side of door opening in front wall, creating an opened front door.
Pipe any icing left in pastry bag back into bowl of icing. Cover tightly; store at room temperature to use for decorating later. Let house stand until icing is completely dry and very hard — about 12 hours.
Assembly of Roof and Tiles:1 1/8-inch diameter plain round pastry tip 1 1/4- to 3/8-inch diameter plain round pastry tip 2 pastry bags
Prepare a second batch of icing.
Beat in any remaining icing from the first batch. Spoon 1 cup icing into pastry bag fitted with 1/8-inch diameter tip. Outline windows and front door decoratively. Pipe decorations on front and back walls.
Roof:Spoon icing into a new pastry bag fitted with 1/4- to 3/8-inch diameter plain tip. Pipe thick line of icing down 1 diagonal edge of front wall; continue piping icing along top edge of adjoining side wall and up diagonal edge of back wall.
Press 1 roof rectangle into icing, positioning so that top edge aligns with tops of front and back walls and lower edge overhangs side wall by about 1 1/4 inches. Hold in position for 5 minutes to set.
Pipe additional lines of icing along roof joints inside house to reinforce.
Pipe thick line of icing down second diagonal edge of front wall; continue piping icing along top edge of adjoining side wall and up diagonal edge of back wall. Press second roof rectangle into icing, positioning so that top edge aligns with edge of first roof rectangle and lower edge overhangs side wall by about 1 1/4 inches. Hold in position for 5 minutes to set.
Let house stand until icing hardens, at least 3 hours.
Cover bowl of icing and let stand at room temperature.
Tiles:Spoon more icing into pastry bag fitted with 1/4- to 3/8-inch diameter plain tip. Pipe small mound of icing in center of underside of 1 round cookie. Align cookie edges flush with one bottom corner of roof; press to adhere. Repeat with about 5 more cookies to form bottom row of roof tiles, cutting end cookie to align with edge of roof.
Pipe generous mound of icing on upper half of underside of 1 round cookie. Position cookie halfway between 2 first row cookies and overlapping them by about 3/4-inch. Press icing portion gently onto roof. Repeat with more cookies to form second row; cutting cookies to fit at each end.
Repeat with more cookies to cover first side of roof. Attach cookies in same way on second roof rectangle.
Using first pastry bag fitted with 1/8-inch-diameter tip, outline the bottom halves and cut edges of roof tiles with icing.
Decorations:12 hard red-and-white striped peppermint candies, cut in half with serrated knife
4 striped candy canes, cut to fit corners of house under roof
Cinnamon imperials Chocolate nonpareils Other assorted candies
Spoon icing into pastry bag fitted with 1/4- to 3/8-inch-diameter tip. Pipe 1 or more thick lines of frosting between roof sections at top of house, filling opening completely. Gently press cut side of peppermint candies in row into icing.
Pipe 1 thick vertical line of icing at each corner of house; press 1 trimmed candy cane into each.
Pipe small rounds of icing onto both sides of door for doorknobs and in center of each roof tile. Press cinnamon imperials into each round of icing.
Using pastry bag fitted with 1/8-inch-diameter tip, pipe small mound of icing onto edge of roof.
Slowly pull bag downward while squeezing out icing so that about 3/4- to 1-inch section of icing hangs freely. Pull bag away, leaving "icicle" hanging. Repeat at 1/4-inch intervals around roof edge. Pipe decorative line of icing along front and back eaves of roof sections.
Outline and decorate gingerbread figures, trees, stars and other cookies. (Icing may be colored, if desired.) Using back of spoon or flexible spatula, spread icing around base of house and on cardboard base, creating "snow-covered" landscape.
Press chocolate nonpareils into icing, making path to front door. Stand decorated cookies in icing.
You can also go to WalMart and buy a kit for about $10.00. http://www.walmart.ca/en/ip/wilton-pre-baked-gingerbread-house-decorating-kit/6000196391190
Comments and suggestions are ALWAYS welcome.


text:
Va man pleads guilty to killing 8, shooting copter
APPOMATTOX, Va. (AP) — A man who shot and killed eight people, including his sister and her family, at his central Virginia home in 2010 was sentenced Friday to five life terms after relatives of his victims, weeping and angry, branded him a monster and a coward.
Christopher Speight, 42, pleaded guilty to three counts of capital murder, one count of attempted capital murder of a police officer and five firearms counts.
After the nearly two-hour hearing, Commonwealth's Attorney Darrel Puckett said mental health experts for both the defense and the state had found Speight insane at the time of the January 2010 shooting spree, "rendering a death sentence highly unlikely" had the case gone to trial.
The former security guard was arrested after an overnight manhunt near the Appomattox home he shared with his sister, her husband and their two children, ages 15 and 4. Those family members, two neighbors, their teenage daughter and a teenage boy were killed in the shootings.
According to a statement of facts Puckett read during the hearing, Speight told investigators that an Egyptian goddess named Jennifer told him to shoot his family because they were possessed by demons. The others were ambushed from Speight's perch in a tree house after they came to the house. Speight told investigators that Jennifer ordered them shot so they couldn't help the first victims, whose bodies needed to rot, according to the statement.
Family members of the victims expressed no pity, but plenty of doubt, over Speight's mental condition.
Speight, dressed in an orange jail jumpsuit and shackled at the ankles and wrists, sat with eyes cast downward as four relatives of the victims testified about how the murders affected them and their families.
"Christopher Speight, you look at me!" demanded a tearful Kim Scruggs, whose 16-year-old son Bo was among the victims. "You were a coward up there that day when you shot my son in the back, running for his life."
After a long pause to gather her composure, she added, "May God have mercy on your soul."
Meghan Durrette's mother, stepfather and 15-year-old sister also were killed.
"How could someone commit such a heinous crime? I've asked myself that question for three years, and all I could come up with is monster," she said as she cried. "You are a monster. I hope you rot in hell."
Durrette's uncle, Steve Canard of Lynchburg, brought pictures of his sister, her husband and niece, who also was killed, into court. He told the Associated Press that he wanted to "make sure he remembers the faces of the people he killed."
In court, he told Speight: "You knew exactly what you were doing. There is no Egyptian goddess Jennifer, there are no demons."
Sarah Dobyns, whose step-granddaughter was killed, was equally skeptical.
"You fooled a panel of experts into thinking you were possessed, and the commonwealth's attorney took away the death penalty because you confessed," she said, reading a poem she wrote as her victim impact statement.
"For now you have escaped that death squad, but one day, Christopher Speight, you will have to stand before God," she said. "God is not so easily fooled."
Canard said in an interview that he was satisfied with Speight's sentences.
"The death penalty would be too easy for him," he said."
Speight offered brief answers to a series of questions from Circuit Judge Joel C. Cunningham and declined the opportunity to address the court before sentencing. Cunningham told Speight that his "horrific, cold, callous actions" robbed several families of the enjoyment and companionship of their loved ones.
"There is nothing you could have said, Mr. Speight — nothing anybody could say — that will take away the pain and trauma they are feeling and no doubt will feel for some time to come," Cunningham said.
Speight surrendered at daybreak Jan. 20 after the manhunt in the woods surrounding his home. He was unarmed and wearing a bulletproof vest. Appomattox is about 90 miles west of Richmond.
According to court records, investigators later seized 42 homemade explosive devices and fuses, multiple rounds of ammunition, several assault rifles and a 9mm pistol from Speight's home. The handgun, a rifle and three assault rifles were introduced into evidence along with dozens of crime scene photos, which Cunningham ordered sealed.
Family members and others who knew Speight said at the time of the shootings that he had a history of mental problems and had been obsessed with the mistaken notion that his sister, Lauralee Sipe, was plotting to kick him out of the house on 34 acres that they inherited after their mother's death in 2006.
Five months after the shootings, a judge sent Speight to a state mental hospital for treatment after a psychologist found the defendant was too mentally ill to assist his lawyers or stand trial. The case remained on hold for the next couple of years as attorneys dealt with pretrial motions and awaited additional mental evaluations.
The shooting victims included Speight's sister and her husband, Dwayne Sipe, both 38, and their 4-year-old son Joshua. Also killed were Morgan Dobyns, Lauralee Sipe's 15-year-old daughter from a previous marriage; Morgan's friend Emily Quarles, 15; Emily's boyfriend Scruggs, and her parents, Karen and Jonathan Quarles, both 43.
Speight also was charged with firing at a state police helicopter, forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.


text:
Yesterday, FIRE announced that New York University (NYU) was planning to squelch a panel discussion on the Danish cartoons of Mohammed by requiring that the panel's organizers choose either to exclude over 150 registered off-campus guests or to agree not to show the Danish cartoons. While the event was held last night with what students called their largest crowd ever, NYU did not allow the cartoons to be shown or allow all of the off-campus guests to attend. Instead, students were forced to display easels with blank panels. FIRE President Greg Lukianoff, who took part in the discussion, noted, "Those blank easels were a testament to campus repression and a climate of fear." More coverage is available on FIRE's blog, The Torch.
Schools: New York University


text:
Red-Hot Ted
It's not all that surprising that Ted Ligety rose to a big-event occasion and won a super combined World Championship Monday in Schladming, Austria. After all, he'd won the combined at the Turin Olympics in 2006.
What's a little bit surprising—or scary, if you're his competition—is how he did it: by laying down a blistering downhill run and then coasting in the slalom.
Ligety, the GS ace, had already laid claim to speed-event legitimacy with a win in the World Championship super G last week. In the downhill portion of the combined, he was just .72 seconds behind the winner—and looking every bit the experienced World Cup downhiller.
"It was awesome," Ligety, a nine-year vet of the circuit, told the Associated Press. "I knew I didn't have to push hard in the slalom."
Of course, World Championship wins don't help Ligety in the World Cup points chase, where Austria's Marcel Hirscher, with 800 points in slalom alone, remains comfortably on top. The remaining World Cup schedule, when it resumes for three final weeks after the World Championships wrap up this weekend in Austria, is evenly split between tech and speed events, with no more combined races for Ligety to take advantage of.
But it's intriguing to ponder what a Ted Ligety with newfound speed-event confidence can do on the World Cup next year in the overall World Cup title hunt. Meanwhile, he remains the best GS skier in the world, and will get a chance to add a third world title in that event on Friday at the Worlds. Ligety, is heavily favored in the race. The Park City, Utah, resident has won four of five World Cup GS races this season.
Yeah, even with Lindsey back home rehabbing a blown-out knee, there's still a lot of star power to cheer on the U.S. Team.


text:
Nicola Walsh is a typical teenage girl In Canada. She's...
The Killer In My Dreams
- by Bella Bieber66
- Rating:
- Published: 28 Dec 2013
- Updated: 23 Mar 2014
- Status: In Progress
When I was awake someone was watching me, when I was asleep someone was watching me, in my dreams someone wanted to get me.
My name is Adriana.
My name is Adriana.
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text:
Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain: Special Edition (CN - DVD R3)
Gabe revisits one of his all time favs, which was remastered back in 2006...
This review is sponsored by
Ti Ming Chi (Yuen Biao) is a faceless soldier caught in pointless battles between warring, colour coded clans. While escaping into the mystic Zu Mountains, Ming Chi meets up with master swordsman Ting Yin (Adam Cheng), and is dragged along on a dangerous quest to find the legendary Twin Swords. The swords may be the only weapons capable of stopping an all-consuming ancient evil that until now has only been held in check by the venerable Long Brows (Sammo Hung).
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
Zu Warriors from the Magic Mountain (hence forth referred to as Zu Warriors to save my poor little typing fingers) was one of the three reasons I fell in love with Hong Kong cinema of the '80s (the other two were A Chinese Ghost Story and Mr. Vampire). It's a strange film by both Western and Eastern standards. Director Tsui Hark, who was still on his way to real super-stardom at the time, attempted to mix the kind of mythological wuxia adventures that were popular at the time, with more Hollywoodized storytelling and special effect work. He even brought in some of the people behind Star Wars for technical assistance.
The first time I saw the film I assumed it was some kind of mega-hit. I only rented it because it was considered so influential by Western filmmakers I liked, including John Carpenter, who made an homage to Hark called Big Trouble in Little China. I found out much later that the film was kind of a fiasco, going over time and budget, and not pulling in all that much cash. It wasn't a flop, but it wasn't the driving force behind the '80s fantasy/horror/kung fu boom. Stuff like Sammo Hung's Close Encounters of the Spooky Kind series, the Mr. Vampire movies, and the Hark produced Chinese Ghost Story series were more popular and influential in Hong Kong, according to some sources.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
So seeing the film as a lad, without the knowledge of the genre and culture I have now, I always figured Zu Warriors was so nonsensical because that's the way things ran in Hong Kong. I figured it was a culture shock and I should just go with it. I now know that the film is a mess by accident, and that the finished product was not the film anyone intended.
So it's messy, the plot's all over the place, the special effects are a little wonky by modern standards, and the end comes very suddenly, but it's still a blast. Zu Warriors is like a pleasant fever dream, the kind of story children will make up while playing with action figures. The film is colourful, it's got some fantastic martial arts work, and Yuen Biao and Sammo Hung are hilarious. Think Sam Raimi meets Zhang Yimou meets Buster Keaton meets Mario Bava, and your about half way there. Some may find the film's bizarre theatrics and disregard for plot too much to bear, but this is one Hong Kong film every fan needs under his or her belt.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
After years of non-anamorphic, washed out viewing on my Hong Kong R0 release I'm finally able to enjoy the film, with subtitles, while watching it in widescreen mode. The film has also been nicely remasterd for this release. Details are much sharper than the old release. Having only seen the film on a rotten HK VHS previous to my sad original release DVD, there were a lot of details I had missed completely. The temple scene towards the beginning of the film where Yuen Biao first meets the Swordsman is no longer a dark and confusing blur.
Colours, a very important aspect to the film, are vibrant. Some of the brighter and warmer colours have an issue with bleeding. Grain is as minimal as can probably be expected, but multiply greatly during darker scenes. The film's blacks are much deeper than the old release, but have problems absorbing the colours around them. All in all this is a quantum leap beyond the old release, and probably close to the best the film can possibly look.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
There are multiple tracks to choose from here, and they all have their problems. The biggest problem is that the dialogue and sound effects are all crammed into the centre channel, while the stereo channels are reserved for the score (which also sounds pretty mono-riffic). I couldn't hear much out of the rear channels. It's too bad the film couldn't have been remixed more successfully because the aggressive sound design lends itself well to the surround format.
Demon voices are often purposefully distorted and loud, but instead of sounding frightening they're just overbearing. Other sound effects are nearly silent, though in context they should be loud. The sound designers stuff so many effects into a single track that some of the bigger set pieces are just noisy and messy rather than exciting. The DTS track has a decently separated LFE track, better than the Dolby Digital track, but the centre channel is simply too loudly mixed. In the end the Dolby Surround tracks are probably the least abrasive (though I noticed the Mandarin track was missing some sound effects, specifically a laughing fish). The 5.1 tracks aren't failures, but they aren't needed either.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
The big extra here, which is apparently also available on the Hong Kong Legends release, is the alternate opening and ending, taken from the original US theatrical cut. I had no idea there was an alternate US theatrical cut. There is some info about this cut on the web, but I never thought to look. Imagine discovering one of your favourite films has an alternate opening and ending ten years after you first fell in love with it. Like an alternate version of The Terminator where Sarah Conner wakes up the arms of RoboCop only to discover it was all a horrible nightmare.
In this truly Americanized alternate version Biao Yuen's character is a student from Hong Kong who faces racial discrimination as a fencing phenom. The entire film proper is his coma-induced dream. The extra scenes total almost thirty minutes, almost erase the opening battle, and are extremely silly. This silly alternate version was called Zu Time Warriors.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
The maddening thing is that this wasn't just some American distributor's way of making the strange film more palatable for Western audiences, Zu Time Warriors is somehow Hark's preferred version of the story. This might be why his later remake/sequel ( The Legend of Zu) was so very bad. Anyway, the scenes are a great extra, especially considering their length and how much they really change the film. Usually alternate scenes are brief and rather the same as the ones found in the final film.
Also included is an interview with star Yuen Biao. Yuen isn't looking too great these days (his 'brothers' Jackie Chan and Sammo Hung have both aged gracefully), but he looks happy and is full of factoids. I knew the film was hard to make based on wikipedia and such, but I had no idea how bad it was until Yuen told me. The interview is pretty long, but it still made me pine for more. I might have to buy the Hong Kong Legends release too.
We've also got some trailers, including one for a special re-release, and a small gallery.
R3 Fortune Star
R2 Hong Kong Legends
One of my personal favourites, Zu Warriors begs a viewing from all fans of Hong Kong cinema. People still stuck with non-anamorphic, extra-free R0 discs might want to get around to upgrading some day. Perhaps Dragon Dynasty will offer up a decent edition for R1 someday, but until then it's between this R3 NTSC release and the R2 PAL release.
You can find this, and many other Hong Kong classics at Xploited Cinema.
Review by Gabriel Powers
Chris Gould Editor Join Date: May 2001 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 7,171
Added R2 Hong Kong Legends captures for comparison.
Simon Abrams Member Join Date: June 2005 Location: United States Posts: 710
Oh, neat. At first I thought you meant the sequel which was so boring I couldn't finish watching it.
bradavon Member Join Date: April 2005 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 1,945
The HKL has:
* Audio commentary by Hong Kong film expert Bey Logan and Director Tsui Hark
* "The Wizard's Cave" featurette ( Additional scenes taken from the US Edit of the film )
* Meng-Hoi interview
* Moon Lee interview
Personally I'd take this new DVD for it's remastered AV.
* Audio commentary by Hong Kong film expert Bey Logan and Director Tsui Hark
* "The Wizard's Cave" featurette ( Additional scenes taken from the US Edit of the film )
* Meng-Hoi interview
* Moon Lee interview
Personally I'd take this new DVD for it's remastered AV.
Bruno Billion Member Join Date: April 2005 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 260
Zu is still a brilliant movie, even if it got a bit cheesy with age, and Legend of Zu, the sequel, was just incredible.
Dave Brock Banned Join Date: November 2004 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 1,237
The 'Fortune Star' transfer has more detail and much more vivid colour imho. Hmmmm....
Chris Gould Editor Join Date: May 2001 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 7,171
There was like five years between the releases.
Gabe Powers Editor Join Date: September 2004 Location: United States Posts: 4,721
Thanks Chris. I'm happy to see my copy has the better Video...but I still want that Bey commentary. Hows the Audio on that release?
D_L_Handsome Member Join Date: November 2006 Location: United States Posts: 89
Zu Warriors is a campy classic but the Legend of Zu was just awful.
bradavon Member Join Date: April 2005 Location: United Kingdom Posts: 1,945
Chris Gould wrote: There was like five years between the releases.
Of course no one is dissing the HKL AFAIK.
Gabe Powers wrote: Hows the Audio on that release?
Like most HKL 5.1 remixes effectively Stereo. It's more alive than the Mono/Stereo on the Fortune Star but no 5.1 all over the place mess that Fortune Star can give us. It depends which of the three approaches you like best.
It's a respectful 5.1 remix.
Of course no one is dissing the HKL AFAIK.
Gabe Powers wrote: Hows the Audio on that release?
Like most HKL 5.1 remixes effectively Stereo. It's more alive than the Mono/Stereo on the Fortune Star but no 5.1 all over the place mess that Fortune Star can give us. It depends which of the three approaches you like best.
It's a respectful 5.1 remix.
takashistorm Member Join Date: May 2007 Location: United States Posts: 191
when can we get legend of sacred stone on dvd?
Suitable for all ages
Disc Details
Release Date: 12th October 2006
Discs: 2
Disc Type: Single side, dual layer
RCE: No
Video: NTSC
Aspect: 1.85:1
Anamorphic: Yes
Colour: Yes
Audio: DTS 5.1 Cantonese, Dolby Digital 5.1 Cantonese, Dolby Surround Cantonese, Dolby Surround Mandarin
Subtitles: Simplified Chinese, English, Traditional Chinese
Extras: Alternate Scenes, Yuen Biao Interview, Trailers
Easter Egg: No
Feature Details
Director: Tsui Hark
Cast: Yuen Biao, Mang Hoi, Adam Cheng, Lee Moon, Brigitte Lin, Sammo Hung
Genre: Action and Fantasy
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Right Wing Target of the Day: Sen. Dianne Feinstein
California Senator Dianne Feinstein is planning to introduce a bill in January that would ban the sale of military-style assault weapons, and this has driven the right wing nuts (a short drive) — because Feinstein's bill also covers semi-automatic handguns.
As the horror of the Newtown massacre begins to get less immediate, the right wing blogs and news sites are predictably starting to push back against any effort to get between them and the object of their affections, firearms.
For example, Drudge Report skips Go, goes directly to Crazy, linking to Feinstein's site three times on his front page, including the all-caps screaming headline: "CIVIL WAR: SENATE TO GO FOR HANDGUNS!"
Drudge's ludicrous headline has a picture of an antique revolver, which would not be prohibited under Feinstein's bill; the bill specifically applies only to military-style semi-automatic weapons.
The Breitbrats are busily attacking Feinstein as well, with another paranoid article warning that this is only the beginning of the true liberal plan, which is to GRAB ALL THE GUNZ: SEN. FEINSTEIN'S 'ASSAULT WEAPON' BAN REALLY HANDGUN BAN!
…an even bigger problem lurks — right now the focus is only on "assault weapons" and semi-auto handguns, however, as soon as a public crime is committed with a double-action revolver, Feinstein and Co. will try to add those to the list as well.
The bottom line: If we are foolish enough to embrace a ban on any weapon in the coming Congress then we are unwittingly embracing a ban on every weapon.
The Democrats cannot be trusted with our freedoms, and they will politicize every tragedy to accomplish their ends.
That's right, Democrats hate freedom and want to take away all the guns! We can't give an inch, people, or it's game over!
Jim Hoft, Dumbest Man on the Internet, provides a little inadvertent humor as he hammers away at the same line, treating us to the spectacle of the most illiterate blogger on the web bashing Sen. Feinstein for misspelling a word: Democrats Announce Plans to Go After Handguns.
More… Did anyone else notice the good senator used the word "devises" when she meant "devices"? If she's going to take away our guns is it too much to ask that she use the correct words?
(The typo is now corrected on Feinstein's site.)
Power Line's John Hinderaker is also warning that the Democratic Party is COMING FOR THE GUNZ: Democrats Seek the Holy Grail of Gun Control.
For the reasons noted, some clarification is required before we can understand the full scope of Feinstein's proposal. It is hard to say, at this point, whether it is merely grandstanding by Feinstein that will soon be forgotten, or whether it represents the first shot in an all-out war against gun owners (i.e., red America) by the Democratic Party.
The Daily Caller has a special "ALERT!" Alert: Sen. Diane Feinstein Releases Gun Ban Summary for 2013.
The Blaze is also stoking the fears of gun-lovers: Sen. Feinstein Posts Proposed 'Assault Weapons' Legislation — and It Includes Provisions on Handguns and 'Grandfathered' Weapons.
You can find the very same talking points being parroted at virtually every right wing blog and news site today; the ones that aren't writing about it yet soon will be.


text:
Americans marked the 11th anniversary of the Sept. 11, 2001, terror attacks Tuesday in familiar but subdued ceremonies that put grieving families ahead of politicians and suggested it's time to move on after a decade of remembrance.
As in past years, thousands gathered at the World Trade Center site in New York, the Pentagon and Shanksville, Pa., to read the names of nearly 3,000 victims killed in the worst terror attack in U.S. history.
But many felt that last year's 10th anniversary was an emotional turning point for public mourning of the attacks. For the first time, elected officials weren't speaking at the ceremony, which often allowed them a solemn turn in the spotlight, but raised questions about the public and private Sept. 11. Fewer families attended the ceremonies this year, and some cities canceled their remembrances altogether.
"I feel much more relaxed" this year, said Jane Pollicino, who came to ground zero Tuesday morning to mourn her husband, who was killed at the trade center. "After the ninth anniversary, that next day, you started building up to the 10th year. This feels a lot different, in that regard. It's another anniversary that we can commemorate in a calmer way, without that 10-year pressure."
Meanwhile, Marisol Torres clutched a photo of her cousin, New York firefighter Manuel DelValle Jr., as she walked into the memorial plaza in lower Manhattan for the somber ceremony. Torres told CBS New York station WCBS-TV the ceremony is as tough as it was after the first year.
"I wish I could say it gets easier, but it doesn't," said Torres. "I think you learn to live with your grief so in some sense it gets easier but you sort of learn to carry that around with you."
DelValle was 32 years old when he was killed in the collapse of the World Trade Center.
As bagpipes played at the year-old Sept. 11 memorial in New York, family clutching balloons, flowers and photos of their loved ones bowed their heads in silence at 8:46 a.m., the moment that the first hijacked jetliner crashed into the trade center's north tower. Bells tolled to mark the moments that planes crashed into the second tower, the Pentagon and a Pennsylvania field, and the moments that each tower collapsed.
President Obama and first lady Michelle Obama observed the moment in a ceremony on the White House's south lawn, and then laid a white floral wreath at the Pentagon, above a concrete slab that said "Sept. 11, 2001 — 937 am." He later recalled the horror of the attacks, declaring, "Our country is safer and our people are resilient."
"Rick, can you hear your name as the roll is called again? On this sacred ground where your dust settled?" said Richard Blood, whose son, Richard Middleton Blood, Jr., died in the trade center's south tower. "If only those who hear your name could know what a loving son and beautiful person you grew to be. I love you, son, and miss you terribly."
Thousands had attended the ceremony in New York in previous years, including last year's milestone 10th anniversary. A crowd of fewer than 200 swelled to about 1,000 by late Tuesday morning, as family members laid roses and made paper rubbings of their loved ones' names etched onto the Sept. 11 memorial.
Commuters rushed out of the subway and fewer police barricades were in place than in past years in the lower Manhattan neighborhood surrounding ground zero. More than 4 million people in the past year have visited the memorial, which became more of a public space than a closed-off construction site.
Families had a mixed reaction to the changing ceremony, which kept politicians away from the microphone in New York for the first time. Charles G. Wolf, whose wife, Katherine, was killed at the trade center, said: "We've gone past that deep, collective public grief." But Pollicino said it's important that politicians still attend the ceremony.
"There's something missing if they're not here at all," she said. "Now, all of a sudden, it's 'for the families.' This happened to our country — it didn't happen only to me."
And Joe Torres, who put in 16-hour days in ground zero's "pit" cleaning up tons of debris in the days after the attacks said another year has changed nothing for him.
"The 11th year, for me, it's the same as if it happened yesterday. It could be 50 years from now, and to me, it'll be just as important as year one, or year five or year ten."
For more information see CBS.


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|2003-11-17, 01:42
|Link #1
Death Note Fanatic
Naruto Mini-Doujinshi
I was all anti-Naruto at first because it was so popular, but then I got to watch it, like past episode 2, I hurriedly downloaded all 50 that were available at the time. So, I've been doing a lot of fan art for the show and I finally completed my first doujinshi for Naruto or any anime/manga for that matter.
It's a small 2 page doujin (fan comic) with Naruto and Sasuke. I called it "Sasuke's Hobby." I don't know why I called it that, but like I have a hard enough time naming anything that I create. Well I don't know about wanting to color it, I just wanted it to stay as a black and white image for if I do more than they can become one HUGE collection of Naruto doujinshi shorts.
Anyways here is the link for it:
Just a note, once you finish with the page, just click on the next arrow to see the second page. Hope you enjoy it.
|2003-11-17, 22:35
|Link #12
Death Note Fanatic
|2003-11-18, 00:01
|Link #15
should i stay longer?
juri_miki, we might've met on DA..any sequel to the 2 virgins story you worked on last time? I think it's called... SCORE?
what a small world....
oh, and that's one great doujinshi of naruto XD XD !!!
|2003-11-18, 00:31
|Link #16
Death Note Fanatic
As for SCORE!, actually that one has been finished since August. It came out to be 13 or 15 pages. I was debating whether or not to post it online, but I think I just might while I'm working on this new webcomic at the moment.
|2003-11-18, 01:41
|Link #18
should i stay longer?
there are several DA ppl in here as well...my page.... hmmmm... ok, http://parasiticdrag.deviantart.com/
now... yeah, post it up... SCORE! that is...
|2003-11-18, 03:13
|Link #19
Death Note Fanatic
Oh yeah now I remember! =D Wow, it really is a small world after all. I'm glad I got to know you're here though. I don't know the other DA people here. Hope to much more stuff here from the both of us. ^_^
Well as for when I do post up SCORE! I don't think it'll be this month. Unfortunately, late one night while I was getting ready for a convention I deleted the entire comic of my comp. Maybe by next month eh?
|Thread Tools


text:
John has pointed to Jesus, so Luke turns now to describe Jesus' preparation for ministry. A divine endorsement accompanies Jesus' arrival (3:21-22), while the genealogy (3:23-38) and the temptations (4:1-13) give his historical and spiritual credentials. These latter two passages highlight Jesus' connection to Adam, showing that Jesus, though unique, has come to serve all humanity. Jesus' faithfulness to his ministry, along with God's endorsement of him, is the theme of Luke's opening presentation of Jesus' ministry.
The closest modern parallel to Jesus' baptism--though of course it is not at all the same--is the selection of a presidential candidate at a political convention. At this ancient "convention," however, there is only one elector who speaks, only one vote that counts. This is the first of two times in Luke's Gospel that a voice from heaven addresses Jesus (the other is in 9:28-36). Both events represent a divine endorsement of him (Acts 10:37-38; 13:23-25). This first endorsement contains two elements--the descent of the Spirit and the word from heaven; the second is marked by a cloud and a divine word.
After almost two thousand years of established theological teaching about Jesus, it is hard to appreciate how revolutionary the baptismal endorsement was, even though in all likelihood Jesus experienced it privately. The description of this miraculous event, unlike accounts of other miraculous events, gives no indication of bystanders' reactions (compare Paul's conversion, Acts 9:7; 22:9). There is simply a word to Jesus. Luke's presentation of the event, like the parallel Synoptic accounts (Mt 3:13-17; Mk 1:9-11), pulls the curtain away from the heavens and lets us see how God views Jesus' arrival.
The divine word from heaven explains who Jesus is and uses Old Testament language. As important as this description is, the environment in which the remark appears is also significant. Jesus, by submitting to baptism, identifies with humanity's need for cleansing. Luke will return to the connection between John and Jesus' ministry in 20:1-8; Matthew makes more of this identification by speaking of the need for fulfilling all righteousness (Mt 3:15). But the point here is crucial. The temptations will show that Jesus is different from Adam; he is able to resist the temptation to go his own way selfishly in sin. So Jesus does not accept baptism for the sake of his own sin. His participation in the rite indicates his readiness to take up humanity's cause in salvation. Here begins the realization of what John preached, the opportunity for the forgiveness of sins (Lk 1:76-79). John baptizes in water to picture cleansing, but Jesus brings the Spirit to wash away sin, to bring God's presence into people's lives and to guide them into the way of peace. This hope is why the Spirit descends on Jesus: God both endorses Jesus and pictures the enabling presence that comes in and through him.
A second key element associated with this event is that the Spirit descends after prayer. Luke alone notes this detail. With this unique mention of prayer the theme of devotion and nearness to God emerges. Jesus looks to God during every step of his mission.
The endorsement is clear, direct and filled with Old Testament background. There are three points of Old Testament contact.
First, Jesus is my Son. This is an allusion to verse 7 of Psalm 2, a regal psalm that probably has roots in the promise to David that God would be a father to David's descendant (2 Sam 7:14). Hebrews 1:5 explicitly links these Old Testament texts together.
Second, the quality of this relationship emerges in the description of Jesus as the beloved Son, the one whom I love. Here the emphasis may well be on Jesus' elect status (Is 41:8), highlighting that he is uniquely chosen for his task. Others suggest the allusion is to Genesis 22:12, 16 and to Isaac typology, but then Son would have both regal and national meaning simultaneously. Since Luke lacks Isaac typology elsewhere, this sense seems less likely.
Third, this Son is one with whom God is well pleased. This portion of the statement alludes to Isaiah 42:1 and serves as an initial Lukan description of Jesus as connected to Isaiah's Servant figure (on the evidence for this allusion, see Marshall 1969:336-46). As Servant, Jesus will carry out both prophetic and representative roles.
So in this short event heaven places its endorsing stamp on Jesus. He is the promised regal Son, the chosen one, unique in his call. He reveals the will of God and serves him. This is the one for whom John prepared the people. Anointed with the Spirit, Jesus is truly the Christ, a term that means "anointed one" (4:18). He is ready to minister and carry out his call.
Genealogies are interesting because they show our roots. A glance at a person's ancestors can often reveal much. Such is the case with Luke's genealogy of Jesus. Jesus has connections with David, Abraham and Adam. The latter connection is especially important, since it directly suggests his divine sonship and his relationship to all humankind. The Jews often kept genealogical records for important people, especially priests (Josephus Life 3-6; Against Apion 1.7 30-36). In Greek culture a tracing of such roots would be done to show Jesus' qualifications for his task (Diogenes Laertius Life of Plato 3.1-2; Plutarch Parallel Lives, Alexander 2.1; L. T. Johnson 1991:72). The fact Jesus is God's Son would be particularly significant here, even though that sonship in this context is mediated through Adam. What Luke implies here is explicit in Paul, where Jesus is the second representative of humankind, the second Adam (Rom 5:12-21; 1 Cor 15:20-28, 45-49).
Several features of Luke's genealogy distinguish it organizationally from the lineage in Matthew 1:1-17. (1) Luke's placement of the list between the baptism and temptations makes the sonship of Jesus the issue, since that is the point of both the baptism and the temptation accounts. Can he be the Son? (2) Because it goes in reverse order, Luke's list allows Adam's name to be the last human echo before the temptations of Jesus are described. (3) Where Matthew stops with Abraham, highlighting Jewish interest in Israel's founder, Luke goes back to the birth of humanity by God's creative hand. Thus he shows that Jesus' story is humanity's story.
There are also key content differences between the two genealogies, including a significant divergence in the names between Abraham and Jesus, where the genealogies overlap. Matthew has forty-one names in this section, while Luke has fifty-seven. In the period between David and Jesus only two names are common in the lists: Shealtiel and Zerubbabel. Some sixty names in Luke's list are not in Matthew's. The most significant differences are that David's descendant in Matthew's list is Solomon, while Luke mentions Nathan; and Jesus' grandfather in Matthew's list is Jacob, while in Luke it is Heli (Stein 1992:141). The difference after David helps to explain the vast variation in names after that point.
There is no certain explanation for these differences. Some argue that there is no way to bring the two accounts together (L. T. Johnson 1991:72). But various explanations have been proposed. (1) A popular explanation is that Matthew gives Joseph's genealogy while Luke gives Mary's, especially given his concern for Mary in Luke 2 and the remark about Jesus' being thought to be Joseph's son in Luke 3:23. The problem with this is that a genealogy based entirely on a female line of descent would be rather unprecedented, especially for establishing a regal claim to promises associated with David. Furthermore, Luke 1:27 appears to tie Jesus' Davidic connection to Joseph. (2) Other variations argue for two ways to trace Joseph's line. Some speculate that Matthew has the natural line and Luke the royal line. Others suggest the reverse: Luke has the physical line while Matthew has the royal line. A third option suggests that Matthew gives the physical line while Luke gives the legal and "physical" line, with the physical contact being a sister who remarries and bears a child after a childless marriage. All these options appeal to levirate marriage (Deut 25:5-10) as the key at some point in the list, in the vicinity of the grandfathers--so one parent would be the physical progenitor, but the other parent, who died childless, had his name and line carried on through the birth after the levirate marriage. (3) Still a final option suggests that Mary, having no brothers, is an heiress to Heli (also spelled Eli in some translations). Heli adopted Joseph as son, as in other cases where a man had no biological son (Num 32:41; Ezra 2:61; Neh 7:63). So Luke's list reflects adoption (Nolland 1990:170-72). Luke's line may be the legal one because of the curse of Jeconiah (Jer 22:30), when he was cast out of the promised line (though Matthew does mention him). (A modern illustration of how a regal line can take a detour is the Duke of Windsor, who renounced all claim to the throne for himself and his descendants.)
Every explanation requires a conjecture that we cannot establish, so which approach might be right is uncertain. Regardless of which option is chosen, what is clear is the list's intention. Jesus has a claim to the throne through David and is related to all humankind through Adam. He has the proper roots to be God's promised one. He has the right heritage to inherit this ministry of deliverance. His roots extend to David, Abraham and Adam. God has carefully designed his plan. There are no historical surprises in Jesus. Ultimately all humanity is a unit, and Jesus is concerned with more than deliverance of the tiny, elect nation of Israel. With him comes realization of the Old Testament hope for that nation, but bound up in him also is the fate of all people.
Most lives have a moment of truth, a crossroads where one's mettle is tested and one's character emerges. In such moments the ethical options stand out starkly, and the choice that is made reveals on which road a person is traveling.
Satan's temptations of Jesus are such a moment for the recently anointed Son. How is the "beloved Son" going to carry out his task? His choices reveal his commitment and also point to the road of faithfulness and dependence that disciples should travel.
The event can also be compared to a cosmic, heavyweight championship fight. This is but the first round of many battles Jesus will have with Satan and other demonic forces throughout Luke's Gospel. Though at points, like the crucifixion, it looks as if Satan wins, Luke tells us not to be fooled about who is the stronger force.
Finally, Jesus' numerous quotes from Deuteronomy in response to these wilderness temptations recall another time and place where temptation and God's chosen met in the wilderness. During the exodus, the Israelite nation failed this test. Jesus succeeds where Israel failed. What is more, the genealogy immediately preceding this account has named Jesus as Son of Adam and Son of God. The echo of Genesis 3 cannot be missed. What Adam failed to do as representative of all humanity, Jesus succeeds in doing. Jesus' success is the first of many TKOs Jesus will deliver against Satan; the victory serves to reverse a string of defeats humanity has suffered at the hands of this deceptive, elusive enemy. Jesus shows that spirituality does not always take the easiest road; it trusts God's word and remains faithful to his way.
The temptation recorded here is paralleled in Matthew 4:1-11 and Mark 1:12-13. Mark simply mentions Jesus' successful response, while Matthew narrates the same three temptations as Luke but in a different order. Matthew's second temptation is Luke's third (at the temple in Jerusalem), while Luke's second temptation is Matthew's third (the offering of all the kingdoms on the earth). This is a case where one Gospel writer has rearranged the order, and either writer could be responsible. But it is more likely that Luke has placed the Jerusalem scene last, as the climactic encounter, for literary reasons. Luke will highlight Jesus' journey to Jerusalem (9:51--19:44), the nation's central city, as the place Jesus is fated to go and suffer death. So Satan's offer to circumvent that suffering is a truly sinister effort to thwart God's plan. The placement of this temptation last foreshadows the strategic role Jerusalem will have in Luke's story.
As significant, threatening and testing as this event is, Luke leaves no doubt that Jesus is directed to the desert. He mentions that Jesus is full of the Holy Spirit and is led by the Spirit. Tests of character are divinely wrought, even when they place us at risk. One need only think of Job. In Jesus' case the tests come after forty days of fasting. The circumstances could not be worse for Jesus to deal with the offer of food in verse 3. Jesus' circumstances could provide him a ready rationalization for giving in. The contrast of this temptation to that of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden could not be greater. Adam and Eve had everything they needed to eat, but Jesus meets Satan in the midst of hunger and deprivation.
The first temptation raises questions of God's care and provision. Jesus' reply in terms of Deuteronomy 8:3 makes the issue God's goodness in providing for and protecting those who are his, just as the original setting suggested for Israel. Satan's words "if you are the Son of God" are a subtle appeal to Jesus' power, presenting the premise as if it were true. The assumption is that Jesus can act on his own here. But for Jesus to take action independent of God would have represented a lack of faith in God's goodness. Jesus' reply from Deuteronomy, "man does not live on bread alone," reveals that one's well-being is not limited to being well fed. As necessary as food is, it is not as important as being sustained by the Word of God. For Jesus, truth is living in awareness of God's promise of care and relying on him even when God leads him into the wilderness. If Jesus is God's beloved Son, as was declared at the baptism, God will care for him. Such trust is exemplary.
The second temptation is Satan's invitation to engage in false worship. It represents a challenge to the first commandment to worship God alone (Ex 20:3). Apparently Jesus is given some type of visionary experience of the kingdoms of the earth and is offered total authority by Satan. As Satan makes the offer in verse 6, he places you (soi) in the emphatic position as if to say, "Look what can be yours!" This effort to entice recalls James's remarks about how sin emerges when our desires lure and ensnare us into sin (Jas 1:14-15). Satan is trying to lure Jesus through an appeal to power. The Greek reads, "To you I will give all this authority and glory; for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whom I will. If you, then, will worship me, I will give it to you." The devil's offer is deception at its best, a half-truth. Though he has great power (Jn 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; 2 Cor 4:4; Eph 2:2; Rev 13:2--pictured as a dragon), he does not have authority to offer Jesus everything. The offer itself reflects extreme self-delusion on Satan's part, or else it is a ruse to get Jesus into the same predicament Satan now lives in as a result of his unfaithfulness and rebellion.
Here is an opportunity to grab power, but to do so and renounce God would be to possess destructive power--and ultimately would mean not possessing power at all. Satan is not worthy of worship. So Jesus' reply rejects the offer totally: "Worship the Lord your God and serve him only." The quote is from Deuteronomy 6:13, which follows closely on a passage recited daily by Jews, the Shema of Deuteronomy 6:4. Jesus is certain that only One deserves his service. It is not self or Satan, but God. By putting worship and service together in the verse, Jesus makes it clear that both words and life are meant to honor God.
The third temptation is also probably visionary in character. Jesus is placed on a high point of the temple and is urged to jump, to experience the joy of God's certain protection. The exact location at the temple is uncertain; two locales are possible. Some suggest the high temple gate, but more likely is the "royal porch" on the temple's southeast corner, since it loomed over a cliff and the Kidron Valley, some 450 feet below (Josephus Antiquities 15.11.5 410-12). Satan now quotes Scripture himself (Ps 91:11-12) to make it appear that taking a leap would be perfectly orthodox. And again the request is made in terms of Jesus' being the Son, as it was in verse 3. Satan plans a private test of God's faithfulness: "Jesus, before you venture out on this ministry, you had better be sure God will care for you. The psalm guarantees your protection, so jump. If you are the Son, God will rescue you; if you trust God, you will jump. Just let go and let God care for you!"
We can guess at what Satan really has in mind as we consider the destructive effects of demonic possession described in other texts (8:33; 9:39). But Jesus refuses to test God's provision by insisting on a miracle. He will not presume upon God and put a mask on unbelief by seeking to confirm God's trust. So Jesus cites Deuteronomy 6:16: "Do not put the Lord your God to the test." The Old Testament background is significant. Israel had presumed about God's goodness, doubting why he had sent them out into the desert and promised them the Promised Land. They had tested God at Massah (Ex 17:1-7). Jesus refuses to demand God's protection on his own terms. Such a demand is neither faith nor loyalty; it is sin.
Having failed, the devil departs for a time. This does not mean he leaves the story until Luke 22:3, when he reappears to influence Judas. Rather, he works behind the scenes in the various demonic encounters Jesus experiences throughout his ministry (as in 10:18; 11:19-23). The wilderness temptation is only the first round in Jesus' victory, but it is the first of many victorious rounds. Jesus' success reveals that he is qualified for ministry. The key to Jesus' triumph is his faithfulness in walking with God wherever God leads him, even in the midst of testing times. Here is a loyal and beloved Son who requites God's love. To love God is to be faithful to him, worshiping and serving only him.
Previous commentary:
John the Baptist, the One Who Goes Before
About this commentary:
IVP New Testament Commentaries are made available by the generosity of InterVarsity Press.
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