text: The proposed US tax reform: repatriation alternatives for multinationals operating in Latin America Global Tax Alert Latin America Alert Share this 28 SEP 2017 Par: John Guarin Abelardo Acosta The proposed US tax reform may incentivize multinational companies that have made investments in Latin America to pursue repatriation alternatives such as dividend distributions and capital reduction. However, the attractiveness of these alternatives is also subject to the local regulations and corporate steps required for distributing dividends or reducing capital. This article reviews those regulations in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru and looks at steps for multinationals to consider. Argentina Dividend distributions In Argentina, a company may distribute dividends abroad as long as the company has retained earnings (or earnings of the same exercise for provisional dividends) that have been duly approved and reserved for dividend distribution during its annual shareholders annual general meeting (AGM). The date of effective payment is flexible and there is no ordering rule (whereby older-year profits would need to be distributed first). Further, while such dividends are generally paid in cash, they can also be paid in specie, subject to a unanimous (except otherwise stated in the bylaws) approval of the shareholders. Argentina currently does not impose a withholding tax on dividend distributed abroad. If dividends are paid out of profits that were not subject to taxation at a corporate level, a so called equalization tax applies to the tune of 35 percent in respect of such dividend distribution to be paid at the time of payment (rather than the time of declaration). Capital reduction Capital reductions must be scheduled and approved at any shareholder's annual or extraordinary meeting with sufficient quorum pursuant to the bylaws of the given company. Once approved, the process further requires the filing before the Public Registry of (i) the publications in the official gazette; (ii) a special balance sheet; (iii) a report of the auditor; (iv) certificate of no inhibitions; and (v) a description of the reduction procedure. Once the above-mentioned requirements are met, the payment can be made at any point in time in cash or in kind. There is no particular payment order under Argentine tax or corporate rules (ie, retained earnings must be paid out before other equity account such as capital balances). Capital account reduction can be paid in cash and/or in kind. Foreign shareholders could incur in taxable income or a capital gain if the value of the received cash or property exceeds the tax basis of the investment. Tax would be due only in respect of the amounts that exceed the tax basis of the investment. The tax rate is 35 percent. Chile Dividend distributions A company may distribute dividends abroad as long as the company has retained earnings (or earnings of the same exercise for provisional dividends) and has the approval of its shareholders during the annual general meeting. It is also possible for the board of directors to agree on provisional dividend distribution, subject to shareholder ratification. Shareholders can also be flexible in the payment date or amount, although the payment follows an ordering rule, whereby older year profits are distributed first. Further, while the dividend is generally paid in cash, they can also be paid in specie, subject to a unanimous approval of the shareholders. Chile imposes a withholding tax of 35 percent on dividend distributed abroad, to be paid at the time of payment (rather than the time of declaration), notwithstanding a tax treaty provision in force. Capital reduction The process for capital reduction may be more cumbersome. The board's decision to reduce capital is subject to agreement by shareholders in a special meeting (if a sociedad anonima) or unanimous agreement by partners in a public deed modifying the company's bylaws (if a limitada). In addition to the shareholder or partner approval, the decision is also subject to the approval of Servicio de Impuestos Internos (the Chilean tax authority). Once the tax authority approves, the shareholders or partners can agree on the capital reduction period. The tax on capital reduction depends on the retained earnings. If the company has no retained earnings, the capital reduction is not taxable; if the company has retained earnings, the capital reduction is taxable at a withholding tax of 35 percent. Therefore, for tax purposes, if the company has retained earnings, it may want to distribute the retained earnings before reducing capital. Further, if the capital reduction is paid in species, the shareholders or partners must consider the commercial value of the payment, as the company will be taxed for the increase in equity from the book value to the price allocated for the payment. Colombia Dividend distributions In Colombia, a company may distribute dividends abroad as long as it has retained earnings beyond those that are required to be reserved or used to compensate losses from previous years, and has the approval of its shareholders during the annual general meeting. Both the shareholders and a certified independent CPA must approve and audit, respectively, the financial statements. Once approved, the dividends are normally paid within one year, although shareholders may agree to a longer term (via the bylaws, shareholders assembly, or agreement of each individual shareholder). There is no ordering rule with respect to previously taxed earnings, although it is common practice to distribute the previously taxed earnings first. The dividend can be paid either in cash and/or in specie, but the latter comes with additional restrictions and processes related to the specific assets being transferred (eg real estate requires a notary public deed and registry; productive assets may generally not be distributed; if assets is transferred to a non-resident it requires investment registry procedures with central bank; it will be treated as a sale for tax purposes and accordingly transfer shall be made at fair market value (FMV) with the relevant capital gain implications and VAT at 10 percent if it is movable property). Colombia imposes a 5 percent withholding tax on dividend distribution to be paid at the time of effective payment, only if the distribution is made out of accounting profits accrued after December 31 of the fiscal year. Distribution of profits that have not been taxed at corporate level is treated as ordinary taxable income for non-resident recipient and is subject to a 35 percent income withholding tax. The withholding tax effects above are subject to review under the applicable tax treaties for the non-resident party that in most cases allow for with reduced withholding tax rates. At the time of payment, the distributing company must also report foreign exchange transactions related to foreign investment to the Central Bank as part of the wire transfer process. The reporting is normally done through forms provided by the relevant commercial bank undertaking the transaction. Capital reduction Capital reductions may be addressed at any shareholder's assembly with sufficient quorum and in some cases require an authorization from the Superintendence of Corporations. Once the capital account reduction is approved, the payment can be made at any point in time of the year and no particular ordering rule applies. Capital account reduction can be paid in cash and/or in kind, however, the same restrictions and processes related to the transfer of specific assets under dividend distribution above apply (ie restriction on distribution of productive assets; transfer is treated as a sale for tax purposes with the applicable capital gain and VAT implications). US shareholders could incur taxable income or a capital gain if the value of the received cash or property exceeds the tax basis of the investment. The tax rate on capital reduction depends on the asset. Tax would be due only in respect of the amounts that exceed the tax basis of the investment. The tax rates are 10 percent if the investment qualifies as a fixed asset, and has been held two years or more, and 35 percent for other cases. In addition to tax payments, the foreign exchange registry would have to be updated through a communication sent to the Central Bank incorporating the new amount of shares and investment. The remittance of cash resulting from a capital reduction must be informed to the Central Bank with forms filed with the commercial bank used for the wire transfer. If the reduction is in kind, the company may also need to register the Colombian new investment of the foreign recipient. Mexico Dividend distributions For Mexican legal purposes, a Mexican company may only pay out dividends to the extent that it has retained earnings for statutory purposes, as reflected in financial statements approved by the shareholders of the distributing company. A Mexican company must maintain a previously taxed earnings account (ie, Cuenta de Utilidad Fiscal Neta, CUFIN account) that represents the Mexican company's net taxable income less income taxes, profit sharing contributions and other nondeductible items. The CUFIN account represents previously taxed undistributed earnings of the company. If a dividend distribution is made in excess of the CUFIN balance, then a tax is imposed on the distributing company on the excess amount grossed up by a factor of 42.86 percent. The tax paid from the distribution in excess of CUFIN can be credited against the annual income tax liability in the year of payment or the following two years. Again, the tax is imposed at the Mexican distributing company level. Under the Mexican Income Tax Law (MITL) in force until 2013, dividends received by an individual or a foreign shareholder from a Mexican company were not subject to withholding tax. However, the 2014 Tax Reform introduced a new withholding tax of 10 percent on dividends when they are distributed to a foreign shareholder or an individual. The new rules also broaden the definition of what should be considered as a dividend, covering other transactions between the distributing company and its shareholders and/or related parties. Further, transitory provisions to the MITL state that dividends coming out of the CUFIN account generated as of December 31, 2013 would not be subject to the 10 percent withholding tax provided by the Tax Reform; for this purpose, companies are required to maintain separate CUFIN accounts for earnings before and after December 31s, 2013. The MITL does not provide ordering rules with respect to how CUFIN balances are considered with respect to dividend distributions; however, it is assumed that older balances should be distributed first. When dividend distributions are being made to a US shareholder, the provisions of the US-Mexico Income Tax Treaty may allow for a reduced withholding tax rate lower than the one provided under the MITL. To the extent that the US shareholder is able to demonstrate its US tax residency, a reduced 5 percent withholding tax rate would be available on dividends to be distributed by the Mexican company, coming out of the post-2014 CUFIN balance, rather than the 10 percent rate under the MITL. However, there are further provisions that must meet with the Limitation on Benefits Provisions under the Treaty, and that may allow for a 0 percent withholding tax rate, to the extent that the requirements provided under the Treaty are met. Furthermore, in cases when the benefits of the Treaty are available, the US shareholders must have a certificate of US tax residency on their files (ie, Form 6166); and the US shareholder must comply with Article 4 of the MITL, which sets out the requirements to apply treaty benefits: "Taxpayers that document their residence in the applicable country and comply with the provisions of the treaty and the additional requirements provided by this law, including filing the informational return of their tax situation in terms of article 32-H of the Mexican Federal Tax Code or file a tax audit report, and to appoint a legal representative." Capital reduction For Mexican tax purposes, capital reductions are generally treated as a distribution in exchange for shares; therefore, the same provisions would be applicable. The general purpose of these rules is to treat distributions made in a capital redemption as either a tax free return of capital or a deemed dividend or distribution of earnings. In this regard, there are certain tests to be followed in order to determine whether a reduction of capital is considered an earnings distribution, which would then be subject to tax if sufficient CUFIN is not available. The first test provides that a Mexican company which makes a payment to a shareholder through a reduction of capital stock or equity will be treated as having distributed earnings if, and to the extent that, the amount of the payment made per share exceeds the contributed capital account (ie, Cuenta de Capital de Aportacion, CUCA account), on a per-share basis. Based on the above, if the amount paid in redemption is equal to or less than the amount of the CUCA account attributable to the redeemed shares or equity quotas, then no dividend will result. In effect, the redemption payment in this instance is treated for Mexican tax purposes as a tax-free return of capital. If, however, the amount paid in the redemption is greater than the adjusted capital of the redeemed shares, then the excess over the adjusted capital of the redeemed shares will be treated as a deemed dividend distribution. In this case, the redemption payment would give rise to Mexican tax at a redeeming company level if the deemed dividend amount exceeds the CUFIN balance related to the shares or equity quotas to be redeemed. Peru Dividend distributions A company may distribute dividends with the approval of the shareholders during any meeting of shareholders during the year. However, dividends may be distributed up to the amount of the retained earnings or the unrestricted reserves, as indicated in the financial statements. The annual financial statements need not be audited by a certified independent CPA, but must be approved by both the board of directors (if such a corporate body exists in the company) and the shareholders during the shareholders meeting. Additionally, there is a possibility to pay interim dividends if some requirements are met, including the favorable opinion of the board of directors or the general management (if the company does not have a board of directors as a corporate body). Once the dividends are declared, the dividends may be paid at any point in time during the year. The payment can be made in the form of cash or in kind, but if they are made in kind, there must be a valuation report supporting the dividend distribution. The withholding tax payment obligation arises at the time of the shareholders' agreement or at the time of the payment, whichever occurs first. The dividends to be distributed to a US shareholder company will be subject to a 5 percent withholding tax as of 2017. The dividends corresponding to the retained earnings of 2015 and 2016 are subject to a withholding tax of 6.8 percent, while those obtained before 2015 are taxed at a rate of 4.1 percent. The rates are unaffected by existing tax treaties, because none of the existing treaties include provisions on reduced withholding tax rates. In addition to the withholding tax, there may be a tax on financial transactions (ITF) of 0.005 percent on the amount transferred if the funds are transferred from and/or to local bank accounts. Capital reduction Capital reduction requires shareholder approval through a shareholder meeting. Unlike in the case of dividend distribution, there is no need for the approval of financial statements supporting the capital or equity reduction. However, the shareholder agreement must be published in the Official Gazette (El Peruano) and/or in some other newspaper (depending on the jurisdiction where the company exists) three times, five days apart as a notice to the creditors. If no creditor of the company opposes to such reduction, then 30 days after the publication of the last notice, a public deed must be granted and finally such agreement must be registered before the corresponding Public Registry. Also note that companies that have signed investment agreements in order to be entitled to certain tax benefits (eg, tax stability regimes, anticipated payback of the VAT), particularly common in companies in the mining or oil and gas sectors, would not be able to reduce equity. Once the capital reduction is approved, the reduction can be made in any point in time and either in the form of cash or in kind. However, for up to 50 percent of the distributable earnings of each year (after deducting the import that corresponds to the legal reserve), the distribution of dividends in cash is mandatory, when such distribution is required by shareholders that represent at least 20 percent of the capital stock. Such requirement may only refer to the earnings obtained in the immediate previous financial year. Further, if the distribution is made in kind, there must be a valuation report supporting the dividend distribution. Capital reduction to be paid to the US shareholder company may be subject to local taxation, depending on the modality of the capital account reduction. The equity reduction up to the limit of the retained earnings, revaluation surplus, restatement adjustments and/or unrestricted reserves is considered to be a deemed dividend and subject to 5 percent income tax. However, any subsequent distribution of those items would not be taxed. Further, a tax on financial transactions (ITF) would be applicable in the event that funds are transferred from and/or to local bank accounts. The tax rate is equal to 0.005 percent and its tax base would be the amount transferred. The payment of taxes is required at the time of approval or the payment, whichever occurs first. In addition to the regulations and processes, thin capitalization rules may apply if the ratio between the debt and equity exceeds 3:1. For further details or information on other Latin American or Caribbean jurisdictions, please feel free to contact John Guarin, Latin American Tax Desk, Project Manager. Special thanks to Rodrigo Alvarez (BAZ | DLA Piper, Santiago), Felipe Ospina (DLA Piper Martinez Beltran, Bogotá), Francisco Botto (DLA Piper Pizarro Botto Escobar, Lima) and Alex Jorge independent law firm Campos Mello Advogados, São Paulo). 1 Note: The reduced withholding tax rates from a tax treaty is only applicable to interest, capital gains, income from real estate, ships and aircraft, royalties, independent personal services, income from employment, director's fees, pensions, etc. 2 Countries with existing tax treaties include Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, India, Korea, Mexico, Portugal, Spain and Switzerland. France and the United Kingdom have also signed a tax treaty with Colombia, but the treaties have yet to undergo internal approval procedures. 3 A minimum of 10 percent of the distributable earnings of each financial period, after the corresponding deduction of income tax, must be destined to cover the legal reserve (reserva legal) until such reserve is equal to 1/5 of the capital stock of the company. The losses generated in one fiscal year must be compensated with the corresponding retained earnings or unrestricted reserves, or in lack of such, with the legal reserve. Dividends may be paid by virtue of obtained earnings or unrestricted reserves only if the net equity is not inferior to the paid capital stock. 4 In the case of financial institutions, the anticipated distribution of dividends does not work according to local banking law. 5 For the payback of the equity accounts, an agreement adopted by the shareholders' meeting would be enough.


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Police have arrested a suspect in two fatal highway shootings in Mississippi that prompted warnings a fake officer might be pulling over victims.
Authorities said early Friday that the fears of an impostor turned out to be unfounded. Mississippi Department of Public Safety spokesman Warren Strain told The Associated Press that the suspect, James D. Willie, 28, had not been posing as a police officer in the shootings.
Willie was being held on charges of kidnapping, aggravated assault and rape and would be formally charged with two counts of capital murder, Strain said. He was being held at the Tunica County jail in north Mississippi.
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Willie was arrested Tuesday morning when authorities responded to a disturbance at an apartment. Tunica police found Willie with a woman who claimed he had raped her, a news release said. When Willie was arrested, authorities found a 9mm Ruger in his possession. Ballistic testing later found that it was the same gun used in the two highway shootings, authorities said.
Strain said Willie is a convicted felon, but he did not have details about his previous arrests.
Thomas Schlender, 74, of Raymond, Neb., was found dead in his car on Interstate 55 in Panola County on May 8 around 1:30 a.m. Lori Anne Carswell, 48, of Hernando, Miss. was found dead near her car on Mississippi Highway 713 in nearby Tunica County about 2:15 a.m. on May 11.
Strain said authorities developed several theories during the investigation and one of those was that someone could be posing as an officer to pull people over because there was no apparent reason for the victims to pull over.
"If we're going to err, we're going to err on the side of public safety," Strain said. "The fact is that we got him off the street and people can go back to a level of comfort."
Fears that a fake cop may have been behind the shootings prompted authorities to urge drivers to use caution when approached by any vehicle with flashing blue lights, even telling people they could call 911 if they were being pulled over.
At a truck stop along the interstate where one victim was found, assistant manager Sunny Hall previously said the shootings were especially concerning to employees who got off at night and had to drive that stretch of highway to get home.
Gov. Phil Bryant and Mississippi Public Safety Commissioner Albert Santa Cruz said in a statement early Friday that investigators spent hundreds of hours working the case and the state Bureau of Investigation and state crime lab used all the resources it had available.
"Our citizens have been terrorized by these murders and we worked tirelessly to resolve them," Santa Cruz said.
Strain said it's too early in the investigation to release details of how or why the motorists were on the side of the roads. He also declined to give a possible motive for the shootings.
Carswell just left work from Fitzgerald's Casino, also known as the Fitz Casino, in Tunica County when she was killed, authorities have said. Schlender's was driving from Nebraska to Florida to pick up his grandson, authorities said.
Shell casings were found at the scene of both shootings, authorities have said.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Linked by Thom Holwerda on Sun 26th Feb 2012 11:39 UTC, submitted by RichterKuato
Metro is beautiful and elegant. It works wonders on my HTC HD7, and I'm pretty darn sure it's going to work just many wonders on tablets later this year. However, Microsoft also expects us to use Windows 8's Metro on our desktops with mice and keyboards - and in that scenario, I can't really see it work any wonders. The Verge user Sputnik8 decided to see what Metro would look like applied to a more regular desktop. The results are... Stunning.
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RE: Comment by joekiser
by Valhalla on Sun 26th Feb 2012 17:04 UTC in reply to "Comment by joekiser"
Looks like a combination of the Elegant Brit theme with the old Whistler theme.
Heh yes, particularly the Explorer shot with the orange scrollbar/handle made me think directly of Elegant Brit.
Anyway, very nice concept although too much whitespace for my preference, that said how it would be considered 'mindblowing' is beyond me. I've seen tons of similarly minimalistic gui mockups over the years.
Also there's an entire deviant art group dedicated to making mockups of apps in 'metro' style: http://metro-design.deviantart.com/
Should be enough mockups there for Thom to have his mind blown over and over again.


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"Ending America's Dropout Crisis Part 1: Middle School Intervention That Works"
A look at what can be done at the middle school level to keep students in school through high school and beyond. Studies show that the middle school years are critical to high school success. This program will profile middle school leaders, teachers, students and programs that have helped turned troubled middle schools into models of success. D
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Avon Theater
319 S. Michigan Street,
South Bend,
2 people favorited this theater
I finally found some information on this old theater after extensively searching the web and getting nowhere. By luck, I found mention of this theater while going through the South Bend Civic Theater's website. It turns out that a downtown development firm called Downtown South Bend, Inc. owns the old Avon building and is either giving it or selling it to the South Bend Civic Theater group.
Sadly, it sounds like the South Bend Civic Theater group is going to raze the Avon Theater and build two new theaters on the spot including a little 100-150 seat theater and a larger 300 seat theater. At least they're using the land for a theater, though. I emailed the director of the South Bend Civic Theater group and he provided me with this information. I also learned from him that the Avon Theater does have a newer roof and one re-enforced side wall but that the interior is in lousy condition.
He reports that the Avon Theater was built around 1926 and was originally called the Strand Theater. It was originally built as a movie house, was outfitted for sound in 1929, and ceased operations as a theater in the late-1960's or early-1970's. It remained vacant until November 2012, when it was demolished. The façade was saved to be used in another building.
Recent comments (view all 11 comments)
This theater has an interesting history. The original name, The Strand, was selected in a contest. It was the first theater in South Bend built purely for films. As such, it hasn't been too marketable to theatre groups and such in the present day, like many old theaters.
It was first relaunched in 1949 as The Avon. Then, in the 50's (1959?) as the Avon Art ( showing a lot of French New Wave and "Art films"). It then degenreated in to a Porno Theatre in the 1970's, when it died a slow death with the rest of the downtown after a bizarre policy by Mayor Allen of
1) jacking up business taxes and driving stores to the malls and neighboring towns
2)putting in a bunch of one-way streets that prevented anyone from easily going to the remaining businesses
3)Paving over main street to make a "walking downtown"
4) Putting up dozens of parking garages where the businesses once stood
Since the mid-to-late 90s, the downtown nightlife in South Bend has revitalized (primarily because of ripping up Main Street and turnign it into a commercial center again) but the Avon has some serious problems inside.
I've seen worse, mind you- and the roof is in good condition. There is some water damage from when it wasn't, however. Not too bad. City Estimates were in the neighborhood of $10,000 for new HVAC system back about 15 years ago. All the seats except for the balcony were ripped out in the mid 90's to go to the grand old STATE theater down the street when it was brifly revived as a theater (it has since become a nightclub.
The worst feature of the Avon is its electrical system, or systems, I should say. It's like a museum of electrical systems from 1926-1970. Nothing was ever removed, just added to. It would take quite a bit to get it up to modern code/regulations.
In theory ( I looked into it very seriously) one could turn it into a functioning theatre provided you could transfer a liquor liscence into it, and serve alcohol. On sundays no alcohol in Indiana, so you'd have to do kiddie shows and get families.
The city of South Bend was very helpful in putting together business models and offered to give to purchaser a three-year property tax abatement. There were also many other incentives from the Indiana Historical Society, National Register of Historical Places, and it was in a business "Redevelopment Zone" which carried some tax benefits.
If someone can set up a distirbution deal for /cult/classic/arthouse/revivial (non mainstream) movies there, get an alcohol liscence, some new projector/sound equipment, and the money for an electrical overhaul- you could have a nice, historical movie bar – and the city would be happy to see someone develop the property and help you out.
A recent photo of the Avon, complete with Wendy Jo Martin's mural of South Bend, can be seen at the South Bend Area Blog. (Permalink http://www.realst8.com/blog/?p=77 )
The current plan for the AVON Theatre building is for the South Bend Public Library, in the same block. Will purchase the building and raze it along with surrounding buildings for an expansion and parking garage facility. The plan has been delayed currently due to funding issues within local government tax roles. You can read about some of these plans in the public report…
View link
here are 2 recent photos of the Avon:
View link
The Avon was an upscale "art" theatre (spelled with a terminal "-re") while I was an undergraduate at Notre Dame in the 1950s. It mostly showed "foreign films," not regular movies. It aimed to attract patrons who would not condescend to visit the many other theaters in town — and it largely succeeded, which is why only professors and snobs knew it was open for business. Its regular clientele consisted of folks who liked to imagine they were in New York or Paris. If an ND undergrad's date was a foreign-language or fine arts major from St. Mary's College, he might suffer going there too, occasionally. :–)
Does anyone have any updates about the fate of this theatre. I remember it as a kid growing up in South Bend in the 60's as being that place that my parents would hurry by for fear I would ask what the movies they were showing were. I seem to have a vague memory of one of them being "I am Curious (Yellow)." Would love to hear any updates!
I can say with great certainty that the Avon was still in operation in the early 1970's. I was a student at IU South Bend and also worked at the neighboring State Theatre from 1970 – 1972. We all had a reciprocal agreement with the other theaters that employees could see any films at any of the South Bend theatres. In the early to mid-1960's the Avon when through a period where they showed "soft-core" European porno films, not porno by today's standards by any means, but adult films nonetheless. In the late-1960's they returned to showing commercial films, but with a focus on independent or smaller art films. I remember seeing I am Curious Yellow there as well as all of Woody Allen's early films like Take the Money and Run and Bananas.
I'm not certain when it officially closed, but it was still in operation in 1972.
rpatnaude, Who were you in contact with about the property? It seems the city still owns it. I think the Library is to broke to make a parking lot right now, but who knows. It is a great location, and I am interested in reopening it.
Update on the Avon: Looks like it is going to be destroyed by the new owners. The St. Joseph County Library bought it and is going to level it for a parking lot. The community has tried to stop them, but I don't think it will be saved. There is a FB group: Save the Avon Theatre downtown South Bend if you would like to follow.
The Avon Theater was demolished in November of 2012. Luckily, the Terra-cotta portion of the from facade were saved for reuse on or in another building.
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


text: I am currently undertaking a senior research project at Allegheny College (Meadville, PA). I am in need of an animal model which allows for the study of the development of prostate tumors. This could include trangenic mice, a cell line, or chemical induction. I would appreciate any information on where I could possibly locate such a model. Please e-mail me at: bartelr at alleg.EDU Thank you, Ryan M. Bartel


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The retina is the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye. It acts like the film in a camera. Images come through the eyes lens and are focused on the retina. The retina then converts these images to electric signals and sends them via the optic nerve to the brain.
The retina is normally red due to its rich blood supply. An ophthalmoscope allows a health care provider to see through your pupil and lens to the retina. If the provider sees any changes in the color or appearance of the retina, it may indicate a disease.
Anyone who experiences changes in sharpness or color perception, flashes of lights, floaters, or distortion in vision should get a retinal examination.
Yanoff M, Cameron D. Disorders of the visual system. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds.Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011:chap 431.
Review Date:
Reviewed By:
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Bethanne Black, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.


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January 17, 2013
Nelson Vergel, B.S.Ch.E., M.B.A., is a leading HIV treatment advocate, author and founder of the Body Positive Wellness Center in Houston, Texas.
Calimmune, a small biotechnology company, has been given the go-ahead by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to start enrolling HIV-infected people in a first-of-its-kind gene therapy study that will modify two HIV attachment sites in CD4+ cells.
This early phase study will be looking at whether an experimental gene transfer, called LVsh5/C46 (also known as Cal-1), is safe and if it can protect the immune system from the effects of HIV without the use of antiretroviral drugs.
Cal-1 is an experimental gene transfer agent designed to inhibit HIV infection through two active parts:
CCR5 receptors, and those involved in virus-cell fusion (ruled by C46), are among the different receptors that HIV uses to infect cells. Modifying stem cells that have mutations to multiple sites has never been studied in people living with HIV. Single-receptor gene modification studies have been done recently with promising data (see "Other Players" below).
Participants in one arm of the study will only get modified stem cells, and the other two will get a single or double dose of the chemotherapy agent (busulfan) before the stem cell infusion. Cancer study data show that providing "conditioning" with a chemotherapy agent before a stem cell transplant may improve the body's "uptake" of the new cells that can then reproduce in the body.
The study is enrolling only for HIV-infected people who have an R5-tropic virus [a strain of HIV that enters and infects CD4+ cells by binding to the CCR5 receptor on the cell's membrane], as well as detectable levels of the virus, and have not taken HIV medications due to their own choice (side effects and other reasons) for at least six weeks. A CD4+ count over 500 is required. So, essentially, only "healthy" HIV-infected people are allowed.
[SIDE NOTE: In my opinion, heavily pretreated patients with multidrug resistance and non-R5-tropic virus are slowly getting left behind in HIV cure research studies like this one. Even though these patients have typically been the cornerstone of HIV drug approval and may be exposed to a better risk-to-benefit ratio, healthier patients can probably better respond to these early cure studies. Hopefully, we will see study teams in the future that will encourage advanced patient participation in future studies, although I doubt this will happen without community activism.]
Like any innovative trial, this study raised a lot of questions:
We all know of Timothy Brown, the "Berlin Patient," who has been cured of HIV after high-dose conditioning and infusion of bone marrow from a donor born with double CCR5 mutations in his cells. However, it is still not clear that Timothy's apparent cure resulted solely from HIV-resistant cell transplant. His standard conditioning protocol used for his lymphoma, containing chemotherapy, immunosuppressants and other drugs could have had an additive effect, especially on HIV reservoirs, before the CCR5-mutated donor immune cells populated his body.
Luckily, some more questions will be answered when study results are made public about other patients who have been exposed to procedures similar to Timothy's. These proof-of-concept studies in patients with malignancies pave the way for other studies that use simpler and less risky approaches in HIV-infected patients who may be doing well on HIV treatment.
The answer to a more practical and potentially safer cure approach would require determining what degree of "conditioning" and modified cell uptake/persistence are required to have complete eradication or control of HIV.
However, patients who stopped HIV medications in another sub-study using the same approach lost their gained modified cells with time and had viral rebound. Due to the length of the treatment interruption, we did not learn if such rebound reached a viral load set point lower than what patients had before starting HIV medications. Only one patient's immune system seemed to later control HIV. That patient was found to have been born with one mutation in his CCR5 receptor. Sangamo is now doing a study looking at this minority of people.
These are exciting times that present a lot of hope; but we should also be careful about false hope that may induce some people to join these studies that may offer more risks than benefits. I advise all potential participants to be informed and make educated decisions before enrolling in any clinical study. I am involved in a group of activists whose goal is to inform the community about studies so that they can make educated decisions about enrollment.
I am excited to see so many meetings where people are sharing ideas and data to work on the cure together!
The cure for HIV depends on patient altruism, community advocacy involvement, sufficient funding, and collaboration among groups racing toward being the first to get to the cure.
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I wanna be delusional for Christmas!
As for myself, I don't have to worry about finding a new car in the driveway on Christmas morning. It seems I ate the last of the left over black olives, a despicable act that I carried out without asking permission of She-Who-Must-Be-Obeyed. I didn't know when I married her that she's Italian by way of Ireland, which makes for occasional unpredictable displays of short temper. Squared.
I did have the temerity to ask for a new bike. It didn't go well.


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action and some mild rude humor
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Escape from Planet Earth in 3D
Astronaut Scorch Supernova is a national hero to the blue alien population. A master of daring rescues, Scorch pulls off astonishing feats with the quiet aid of his nerdy, by-the-rules brother, Gary, head of mission control at BASA. When BASA's no-nonsense chief Lena informs the brothers of an SOS from a notoriously dangerous planet, Scorch rejects Gary's warnings and bounds off for yet another exciting mission. But when Scorch finds himself caught in a fiendish trap set by the evil Shanker it's up to scrawny, risk-adverse Gary to do the real rescuing.
As the interplanetary stakes rise to new heights, Gary is left to save his brother, his planet, his beloved wife Kira and their adventure hungry son Kip.
Starring Jessica Alba, Sarah Jessica Parker, Brendan Fraser, James Gandolfini, Kaitlin Olson
Directed by Callan Brunker
Running Time - 1:29
Genre - Comedy
Opened in Theaters - Friday, February 15th, 2013 (2125 days ago)
This movie is not currently playing in theaters.
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Iowa Allows Gun Permits to Blind People
DES MOINES, Iowa -- Here's some news that has law enforcement officials and lawmakers scratching their heads:
Iowa is granting permits to acquire or carry guns in public to people who are legally or completely blind.
No one questions the legality of the permits. State law does not allow sheriffs to deny an Iowan the right to carry a weapon based on physical ability.
The quandary centers squarely on public safety. Advocates for the disabled and Iowa law enforcement officers disagree over whether it's a good idea for visually disabled Iowans to have weapons.
On one side: People such as Cedar County Sheriff Warren Wethington, who demonstrated for The Des Moines Register how blind people can be taught to shoot guns. And Jane Hudson, executive director of Disability Rights Iowa, who says blocking visually impaired people from the right to obtain weapon permits would violate the Americans with Disabilities Act. That federal law generally prohibits different treatment based on disabilities.
On the other side: People such as Dubuque County Sheriff Don Vrotsos, who said he wouldn't issue a permit to someone who is blind. And Patrick Clancy, superintendent of the Iowa Braille and Sight Saving School, who says guns may be a rare exception to his philosophy that blind people can participate fully in life.
Private gun ownership even hunting by visually impaired Iowans is nothing new. But the practice of visually impaired residents legally carrying firearms in public became widely possible thanks to gun permit changes that took effect in Iowa in 2011.
"It seems a little strange, but the way the law reads we can't deny them (a permit) just based on that one thing," said Sgt. Jana Abens, a spokeswoman for the Polk County Sheriff's Department, referring to a visual disability.
Polk County officials say they've issued weapons permits to at least three people who can't legally drive and were unable to read the application forms or had difficulty doing so because of visual impairments.
And sheriffs in three other counties Jasper, Kossuth and Delaware say they have granted permits to residents who they believe have severe visual impairments.
"I'm not an expert in vision," Delaware County Sheriff John LeClere said. "At what point do vision problems have a detrimental effect to fire a firearm? If you see nothing but a blurry mass in front of you, then I would say you probably shouldn't be shooting something."
In one Iowa county, blind residents who want weapons would likely receive special training.
Wethington, the Cedar County sheriff, has a legally blind daughter who plans to obtain a permit to carry when she turns 21 in about two years. He demonstrated for the Register how he would train blind people who want to carry a gun.
"If sheriffs spent more time trying to keep guns out of criminals' hands and not people with disabilities, their time would be more productive," Wethington said as he and his daughter took turns practice shooting with a semi-automatic handgun on private property in rural Cedar County.
The number of visually impaired or blind Iowans who can legally carry weapons in public is unknown because that information is not collected by the state or county sheriffs who issue the permits.
Clancy, superintendent of the Iowa Braille and Sight Saving School, said the range of sight among people who are classified as legally blind varies greatly. He believes there are situations where such applicants can safely handle a gun.
Quentin DeVore, a legally blind Army veteran from Newton, Iowa photographed in March 2013, is a gun enthusiast and collector. Despite his vision impairment, DeVore holds a permit to carry a firearm, and says he is well within his legal rights to do so.
However, he also expressed concerns.
"Although people who are blind can participate fully in nearly all life's experiences, there are some things like the operation of a weapon that may very well be an exception," Clancy said.
The Gun Control Act of 1968 and other federal laws do not prohibit blind people from owning guns. But unlike Iowa, some states have laws that spell out whether visually impaired people can obtain weapon permits.
Vision requirements are either directly or indirectly part of the weapon permit criteria in some surrounding states.
In Nebraska, for example, applicants for a permit to carry a concealed handgun must provide "proof of vision" by either presenting a valid state driver's license or a statement by an eye doctor that the person meets vision requirements set for a typical vehicle operator's license.
Other states have indirect requirements that could but don't automatically disqualify people who are blind. That includes Missouri and Minnesota, where applicants must complete a live fire test, which means they have to shoot and hit a target.
A 50-state database of gun permit requirements published by USACarry.com also shows that South Carolina has a law that requires proof of vision before a person is approved for a weapons permit.
Wisconsin, like Iowa, has no visual restrictions on gun permit applicants. Illinois lawmakers enacted a concealed weapons law in July but permits have not yet been issued. Illinois' qualifications don't specifically require a visual test, but applicants must complete firearms training that includes range instruction.
The National Federation of the Blind does not track states that require vision tests as part of weapon permit processes and has not taken an official stand on the issue. But its members are generally opposed to such laws, said Chris Danielsen, director of public relations for the group.
"There's no reason solely on the (basis) of blindness that a blind person shouldn't be allowed to carry a weapon," Danielsen said. "Presumably they're going to have enough sense not to use a weapon in a situation where they would endanger other people, just like we would expect other people to have that common sense."
Iowa requires training for anyone who is issued a permit to carry a weapon in public, but that requirement can be satisfied through an online course that does not include any hands-on instruction or a shooting test.
A provision in Iowa's law allows sheriffs to deny a permit if probable cause exists to believe that the person is likely to use the weapon in such a way that it would endanger themselves or others. Many sheriffs noted, however, that the provision relates to specific documented actions, and applicants who appealed their cases would likely win.
Hudson, executive director of Disability Rights Iowa, believes changing the state law to deny blind people or others with physical disabilities the right to carry arms would violate federal disabilities law.
Part of the Americans with Disabilities Act requires a public entity to conduct an individualized analysis to make a reasonable judgment before denying a service. Hudson believes someone could successfully challenge Nebraska's proof of vision requirement as illegal.
"The fact that you can't drive a car doesn't mean you can't go to a shooting range and see a target," Hudson said.
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Good. Being disabled isn't a reason someone shouldn't have the right to defend themselves.
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I SURVIVED Herm, Scott & Matt!
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Just as bad as not having to show picture ID in order to vote....
Welcome to the National FIXED League...
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I'm legally blind. I see perfectly fine with correction. "Legally blind" or "blind" is a matter of semantics.
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That rabbit is crazy; I'm Brian Waters!
Kotter: "You are lucky I'm truly not the vindictive or psycho type...I'd be careful from now on, and I'd just back the hell off if I were you....otherwise, the Mizzou "extension office" life might get exciting"
Kotter: "You're just gay. G-A-Y. Gay."
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Now it's Willie Time!
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Can't discriminate against a protected class. ****ing duh.
You may think RaiderH8r is just a thinker. But Im not just a thinker. Im a doer. Every day I go out there, and rev that engine, fire it up, grab a hold of that line between speed and chaos, and wrestle it to the ground like a demon cobra. And when the fear rises up in my belly, I use it. Fear is powerful, because its been there for billions of years. And it is good. And I use it. And I ride it; I ride it like a skeleton horse through the gates of hell.
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Quit your bullshit
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Even worse...they even allow black people to own guns.
Today is not a good day to be a pussy.
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They allow you to vote, blowfish. That's more dangerous.
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But to the OP this is really appalling that you would stoop this low. You do understand the issue here has nothing to do with gun rights, but actually everything to do with NOT discriminating against the disabled.
As I'd hope you'd no realize that being 'legally blind' doesn't mean you can't see perfectly fine with correction. BUT there are those in the anti-gun community who will do ANYTHING to restrict ownership of guns and would deny them to anyone they would be permitted to do so. If legally blind people can't have a CCW then should they even be permitted to own firearms at all? If your premise is they can't see so they can't be safe with a CCW then if they can't see then how can they be safe with any firearm???
Look I understand you're militantly anti-gun, but this is honestly appalling. That you would use discrimination against someone else's disability as a way to deny someone....anyone...the access/use of a firearm.
Would you say that no one who is legally blind should be permitted to drive? How about use any type of machinery(including kitchen) where they might hurt themselves or someone else?
Many of your posts about gun control have been ignorant and ill informed but this is the one that is truly repugnant. NO disabled person should be denied to participate in activities that the able bodied can do if reasonable accommodations can be made to allow them to participate.
****ing A man...you people like to say people who own guns have small penises....how small does your dick have to be to pick on the disabled?
"Political correctness is a doctrine, fostered by a delusional, illogical minority, and rabidly promoted by an unscrupulous mainstream media, which holds forth the proposition that it is entirely possible to pick up a t*rd by the clean end"
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But thanks for asking and assuming otherwise.
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Besides, big day tomorrow
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I know at least 3 people who are legally blind...that have licenses and drive cars.
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This is in general an issue that is far more sensitive to me for issues that I won't go in to right now. But what people fail to recognize and most of the left pushing gun control won't admit is that the heart of it is discrimination against something and as a proxy a group of people they don't morally approve of.
Consider this, I'd be willing to safely admit that when people propose requiring voter ID laws you understand that the actual intent behind them is discrimination. On the surface requiring an Photo ID to vote sounds perfectly reasonable. It has the potential to prevent voter fraud and that's not a bad thing right?
The problem is that we have no actual numbers that suggest voter fraud is a significant issue the only times we see it is in isolated cases. However we do know that there are large numbers of traditionally poor and minority individuals who do not currently posses any sort of government photo-ID. Placing a requirement for them to have one would likely result in a measurable drop in those groups who vote.
So I'd be willing to bet that you understand that while on the surface voter ID requirements don't look like a bad idea inherently. They are unlikely to reduce voter fraud(because it's so low), but are likely to disenfranchise certain minority groups.
A rational person should recognize that regardless of the stated intent, the effect will be very negative(and one could make an argument that the disenfranchisement is the intended, if unstated effect).
Why do I show this example? Because I can use it to help you understand another issue. Universal background checks sound like a good idea on the surface. However there is no evidence that it will actually result in fewer guns ending up in the hands of criminals. One proxy estimate could be made in the city of Los Angeles.
CA has had universal background checks since the 90s I believe. What they see is that statistically ~2% of people buying firearms are denied because they are prohibited. In CA the people that are prohibited from buying firearms are also denied from buying ammunition. Only LA has a mandatory ammo 'background check' the number of prohibited people caught buying ammo? ~3% of purchases.
Generally speaking people who are prohibited don't try to buy the ammo or the guns. It's just easy enough to buy through straw purchases or through the black market.
Universal background checks are unlikely to make a statistically significant difference in crime. But we know by requiring universal background checks would have two other effects. It would raise the cost of purchasing a firearm(since you now have to pay for a background check). And it would raise the difficulty in buying a firearm since you have to find a licensed dealer to do so(which could be very hard in some rural counties). Both of these would reduce the number of firearms sold/number of owners, without showing any correlation in reduction in crime.
So a rational person would come to realize that universal background checks aren't about reducing crime(because we can't show a statistically significant reduction) but do succeed in reducing the number of people who are willing to jump through the hurdles. One could make the argument that the bill is about reducing ownership and not safety. So is reducing ownership of something that you don't morally approve of really 'reasonable' or is it yet another form of discrimination.
Look I know you may not see it that way, so I ask this simple litmus test. When you support making a law that takes something away from any group. Are you supporting it because we HAVE to do it, or are you supporting it because you WANT to do it. Because when we make laws prohibiting things because we want to, that's how discrimination occurs.
This also goes to the other point no one has to defend why we need to have anything. In America the burden of proof should always be on the government to show why it NEEDs to take it from us.
Edit to clarify the LA ammo purchase: Sorry it's been a while since I looked at this, but what they do is log all the info of someone when they buy ammo and then forward it to the cops. No real background check happens. When the cops check the lists against prohibited people they get a hit on 3% of purchasers.
"Political correctness is a doctrine, fostered by a delusional, illogical minority, and rabidly promoted by an unscrupulous mainstream media, which holds forth the proposition that it is entirely possible to pick up a t*rd by the clean end"
Last edited by CrazyPhuD; 09-08-2013 at 09:09 PM..
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In fact, I'm not sure which of my posts on gun control you've been reading or if you have me totally confused with someone else. Really dude, I am at a loss.
I'm just using liberal dogma to point out that they can't discriminate and deny basic rights based on a disability.
You may think RaiderH8r is just a thinker. But Im not just a thinker. Im a doer. Every day I go out there, and rev that engine, fire it up, grab a hold of that line between speed and chaos, and wrestle it to the ground like a demon cobra. And when the fear rises up in my belly, I use it. Fear is powerful, because its been there for billions of years. And it is good. And I use it. And I ride it; I ride it like a skeleton horse through the gates of hell.
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This 6-Year-Old Boy Will Give You Another Reason Why To Vote For Obama!
Some crazy parent indoctrinated their 6 year-old into making an anti-Obama "10 Reasons NOT to vote for Obama" video. smh
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Solving the Earbud Tangle the Easy Way
After yet another frustrating attempt to quickly untangle earbuds in order to accept a call we realized it was time to take another look at solutions to get the cords under control. Of course there are a wide variety of options available, from inexpensive DIY solutions to cute and colorful retail selections, and from these we've picked our favorites including a reader suggestion.
Earbud untangling the easy way:
- We've found cable ties to be quite invaluable when it comes to keeping headphone cords under control. If you opt for this method make sure the tie is not fully zipped so there is enough room for some cord slack.
- Another tool we use frequently are twist ties, the kind that usually secure bread. The advantage of using these is that they are inexpensive and plentiful.
- It seems we always have a rubber band around our wrists and we have been known to put these to good use in getting our earbuds in line.
- Have an old hotel room card key around? Follow Jesse's instructions to turn it into an earbud holder.
- We think this earbud solution suggested by reader Soniaalemany is quite clever and also earns bonus points for being inexpensive and sleek looking.
- Prefer to buy a cord control solution? Check out the Cordctrl, a tiny solution made out of silicon available in wide range of colours.
- While not particularly easy for the non-dextrous, we do think that some good cord control can be found via knots like those shown in this handy guide.
- Called Cable Turtles, these colorful cord wranglers are available in three different sizes.
- While the Tunewear Tetran looks like a dog toy, it is actually an earbud storage and control device with earbud storage built into the mouth.
- Another classic DIY option is to use a paper clip. Unbend the paper clip far enough so that the wrapped cord can slide in and voila, cheap cord management.
- One of our favorite spots to stash our workout earbuds is on the fridge, the Magneat makes this easy with its magnetic disc to wrap cables around.
- We love the bright green of the Wormy and think our white headphone cable will make a very fetching "worm" as it winds through this green leaf.
What's your favorite way to prevent your earbuds from getting tangled?
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Biggest Bears busts in recent memory
By Riley Blevins @Riley_Blevins If you're any kind of a Bears fan, you know the franchise has a painfully long list of draft and free agent woes. The latest of which is Gabe Carimi. The Bears traded its former first-round pick to Tampa Bay for a sixth-round pick in the 2014 draft. With his departure, the Bears are now without any first-round picks selected by former general manager Jerry Angelo, who ran drafts from 2002 through 2011. Carimi arrived in Chicago as a highly regarded tackle out of Wisconsin. If you caught just a second of last season's Bears-49ers game, you know how his time as a Bear ended. So, in honor of Carimi, RedEye looks at the Bears' biggest busts in recent memory. It was difficult getting the list down to 15. Want more? Discuss this article and others on RedEye's Facebook page.
By Riley Blevins
Copyright © 2018, RedEye Chicago


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Gray Sierra Bullets T-ShirtAll cotton t-shirt, with ribbed neck and short sleeves features a small Bulletsmith logo on front and full color Purple Mountain Majesty logo on back.
Also available in gold, green, or navy.
Stock Code: 0034
To order by phone, please call 1-888-223-3006
To order by phone, please call 1-888-223-3006
Prices, specifications and availability are subject to change without notice. We reserve the right to correct typographic, photographic and/or descriptive errors.
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- Universal Ballet : Company News
[News] KBS : Principal Dancer, Ye-Na Kang
On June 26, Universal Ballet's Principal Dancer, Ye-Na Kang appeared in KBS program 'Happy Reading'. Ye-Na introduced a very beautiful novel 'Evgenii Onegin'. Aleksandr Pushkin began his masterpiece, "Eugenii Onegin", a novel in verse that satirized Russian society made into an opera and ballet by Piotr Tchaikovsky. Ye-Na talked about the drama ballet <ONEGIN> and her daily life. Also she performed a brief mime of classic ballets.
Universal Ballet has performed drama ballet <ONEGIN> as John Cranko version in 2009 and 2011.
Copyright ⓒ KBS


text: I noticed a few posts that said it can be done, since ispconfig doesn't really do administration... Do you install webmin first, then configure ispconfig or do you do all the configurations of ispconfig and then install webmin? Does any one have any experience? and can webmin auto detect features already installed on the server because I know you can do installations from the webmin gui. but Can it already detect if a package was already installed.


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I realized today that I have no clue whatsoever what the term "MMO" means anymore. I gave it some thought and came up with "An MMO is an online, real-time game where other people affect can your game." That's pretty vague. Clearly there are games which call themselves MMOs and can be played as if they were MMOs, or as if they were solo RPGs. I don't know. I just know the old definitions don't work.
Take World of Warcraft and the current flavor of the month, Tiny Speck's Glitch. One is the most popular MMO in the world (well, if you don't include World of Tanks, though the developer does). The other is a super casual browser-based game where you can't even kill stuff. The two games share almost no features, yet both are MMOs. I give up. If you can play your game and can see another player when you do so, it's a MMO.
Which is going to make writing these Daily Blogrolls SO EASY. Checkers? Is it online? MMO.
The blogging world has changed quite a lot since the last time I was doing these (and work crushed my free time). People are leaving drops of content all over the Internet, on Tumblr blogs, on Google+, on Twitter. I'll still be pointing out great posts by the bloggers in my blogroll, but I'll be trying to collect some of these other far-flung bits of wisdom as well.
Before I get started, an update on my MMO gaming: DDO on Sunday nights, D&D fourth edition on Thursday nights, and Glitch. Driver issues have killed EQ2 — I can't play it. I've been poking around in Rift. I've started working on the Saint's Haven quests in Dragon Nest. Mostly Glitch for MMOs, though.
Beau Turkey has done a heck of a write-up on Glitch, btw.
It's been ten years since Dark Age of Camelot went live? Wow. I remember calling it "EQ Lite" based solely on the screenshots they released in the early rounds of beta. When I got into the beta myself, I realized just how impressive an achievement the game was. Yes, it clearly had been influenced by EverQuest, but it was its own game and would become one of the influences that would form the mechanics behind World of Warcraft.
It would be physically impossible for anyone to spend more time in a game than I spent in DAoC. Scott Jennings, Mythic's one time DBA, has a wonderful post from Matt Firor, DAoC's original producer, one what it was like to ship an MMO before the market was crowded with hundreds of them.
It was a different world.
After taking the world by storm with his sandbox browser MMO Golemizer, indie MMO dev Dave Toulouse is set to unleash his second game, Star Corsairs. It's an updated take on the old space exploration / trading games of the 80s (most notably SunDog) combined with the mining, ship construction and PvP of EVE Online. And maybe a smidgen of Star Castle. Explore, take on missions to protect the Federation, construct your own starship, blow stuff up, free to play. I'll have more on Star Corsairs when I've played it more.
Donate, and he'll name a star after you.
Speaking of indie MMO development, Andorov posted an excellent list of 15 important steps to wild success in indie MMO development.
Rule 4: Create a good company and MMO name. Recruiting for Joe Schmoe's Awesome MMORPG is going to be a lot more difficult than Excelsior Games' Islandia: The Re-Islanding. Most non-visionaries (which I may also refer to as dumb f**ks or DFs), though talented, are simple folk and easily impressed.
Lucent Heart, the "zodiac-inspired" dating MMO, not content with merely connecting up guys playing guys and guys playing scantily-clad girls, is about to unleash dance battles upon the world, says Anjel Syndicate.
Create your dance from dozens of dance steps, re-create music videos, and .. well, if a collection of Minstrels can do System of a Down in LotRO, I suppose a bunch of angel-winged schoolgirls can do Thriller in Lucent Heart!
See ya tomorrow!


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|October 4, 2012, 08:48 PM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
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Bolt action hunting rifle
Hey guys im thinking of saving some money and getting a bolt action hunting rilfe. Ive been looking around for a good cheap rifle. I was looking at something like a mossberg 4x4 or the ATR rifle. Im thinking a nice 270 win caliber. Any thoughts or reviews on the 4x4 or the ATR? Any other suggestions on a cheap reliable rifle are welcome as well
|October 4, 2012, 09:49 PM
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my recommendation, save and pay a little more money and get a very good rifle rather than a cheap rifle
|October 4, 2012, 11:08 PM
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This gets hashed over a lot on this forum, I personally wouldn't buy a Mossberg ATR/4X4, Savage Axis, or Remington 770. Not when for less than $100 more in most cases you can pick up a better rifle IMO in a Savage 110/Stevens 200, Marlin XL7, Weatherby Vanguard, T/C Venture, or Remington 700 ADL. I just don't trust the Mossberg bolts, as far as I know it there has only been one documented case of the bolt blowing out the rear, but that's enough to make me swear of the rifle.
The .270 is a great all around cartridge for hunting anything in the lower 48.
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|October 5, 2012, 05:59 AM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
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I was looking around last night at a few online and I do like the stevens 200, marlin x7 and the remington 700 but I was also looking at the savage axis because its price, at least online, dosnt change if its a right handed or a left handed model. I should be shooting left handed because its much more comfortable for a follow up shot if needed but price seems to be a big issue when you start going after a left handed rifle, at least from what I have found
|October 5, 2012, 06:12 AM
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I like cheap, too. But it has to work. The Stevens 200 fits the bill for me.
God bless the U.S. Cavalry
|October 5, 2012, 06:20 AM
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Save alittle more $$ and get the Tikka or Weatherby Vanguard!!
|October 5, 2012, 06:30 AM
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What price range do you consider cheap? If you're talking less than $500 out the door (without scope) then I have the following observations.
I have the following "cheap" new hunting rifles, Mossberg 4x4, Marlin XL7 & XS7, TC Venture, and the 700 ADL in various calibers. Out of those, IMO the TC Venture is the best of the bunch for quality, accuracy, fit/feel/finish, and price/value. Followed by the Marlins, Remington and last Mossberg.
I wouldn't hesitate to bring any of them on a hunting trip but after 50-100 rounds through each gun (to find best handload) at the range, the TC Venture in .270 is what I really like. If I knew what I know now, I wouldn't have bought the Remington & Mossberg and put that $ towards the new Vanguard S2 and a nice scope.
Good luck and have fun in your search.
|October 5, 2012, 06:41 AM
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$500.00? Why buy a new bargain rifle at all? There are a ton of higher quality rifles on the used racks that you can get for $500.00 or less.
|October 5, 2012, 07:14 AM
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I'm with Dog on this one. If you are willing to be patient and watch, there are some fantastic buys on used rifles. On another forum, I just saw where someone was selling a nice Sears branded Winchester model 70 30-06 for $300. I bet I've seen 30 similar good buys in the last 6 months and I'm not even looking.
|October 5, 2012, 07:15 AM
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Join Date: June 15, 2008
Location: Georgia
Posts: 9,269
The Mossberg, Savage Axis, Remington 770 and Ruger American are the new generation of disposable rifles. They actually work pretty well, at least for a while. They are not long term values however. For about the extra cost of 2-3 boxes of ammo you can do much better. Being able to pick up a few extra boxes of ammo seems like a good deal right now, but you will quickly shoot up that ammo and realise you could have done better.
The Stevens 200, Weatherby Vanguard, Howa and TC Venture are all good choices. Of those I really like the TC the best.
Used guns are everywhere. A decent Remington 700 or Winchester 70 can often be found for $350 or less.
|October 5, 2012, 09:52 AM
Staff Lead
Join Date: November 13, 1998
Location: Terlingua, TX; Thomasville, GA
Posts: 24,637
Browse around and look at different rifles. Feel and fondle and get some notion of what seems to fit you best.
I'd check out pawn shops and offer somewhere around half of their asking price and try to get them to come down a bunch.
You're from BATFE? Come right in! I use all your fine products!
|October 5, 2012, 12:06 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: March 29, 2011
Location: Cape Fear!
Posts: 1,533
Marlin xl7
|October 5, 2012, 04:25 PM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
Posts: 72
It doesnt have to be new. I looked into the TC line and liked a few of theres. I did like the looks and the reviews on the venture but now im seeing a recall on them. Kinda makes me worry about picking up a new one and even more a used one. My budget is around 500 or less. I would love something in the 350 range. I had a bolt action weatherby vanguard in 270 but I had a hard time with the right handed bolt action
|October 5, 2012, 05:04 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: October 4, 2007
Location: All the way to NEBRASKA
Posts: 8,508
The will often have good glass on them, as well.
Check the consignment racks....
My brother picked up a Remmy 721 in .270 WIN, scope, and a reloading set-up, brass, bullets and primers for under $400 at Green Mountain Guns in Denver.
TheGolden Rule of Tool Use: "If you don't know what you are doing, DON'T."
|October 5, 2012, 06:27 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 6, 2008
Location: West Michigan
Posts: 663
|October 6, 2012, 12:03 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 18, 2005
Location: On the Santa Fe Trail
Posts: 6,984
NRA Life Member
|October 6, 2012, 10:55 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 10, 2008
Location: Alaska
Posts: 5,278
270 is a fine caliber, but what are you hunting and at what ranges?
30-06 is far more versicle, but only if you need versatile.
|October 6, 2012, 11:23 AM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
Posts: 72
Im hunting Deer. I have a remington sportsman 74 in 30-06 just would like a bolt action. I hunt CT and NY so range is pretty close compared to some other places
|October 8, 2012, 06:42 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 1, 2008
Posts: 239
Anyone tried the new Ruger Americans?
|October 8, 2012, 06:55 AM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
Posts: 72
From what ive seen and heard alot have looked at it and some might have held it but no I havnt found anyone who has shot it. Most of my reason for staying clear from it.
|October 8, 2012, 07:01 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 1, 2008
Posts: 239
I found a 1996 model Marlin MR-7 in 30-06 at a good price and really good shape shoots my reloads of Hornady A-Max at sub moa. groups at 100yds hoping to take a buck with it this year.
|October 8, 2012, 12:00 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 11, 2011
Location: Chicago area
Posts: 277
I bought a new Weatherby Vanguard S2 in .308 for $425 and it comes with a sub one MOA guarantee, but shoots groups as tight as 9/16" with ammo it likes. It has great fit and finish, has the same "three rings of steel" as the M700, a three position safety and a two stage trigger that breaks like glass under three pounds. It also has an optional detachable magazine. On the down side, it is pretty heavy so it is not a good gun to carry up and down hills all day and the two stage trigger is not for everyone. You should definitely consider the S2 at your price point. If you really want a bargain, the old Weatherby Vanguards sans the three position safety and two stage trigger are priced in the $300s.
I recommend at least handling several different rifles in your price point at your local gun shop to see what fits. The rifle that fits me perfectly may feel off to you. Better yet, see if you can fire some candidates at your local range (do you have buddies with any of the recommended rifles?). You should also consider buying used, but inspect the rifle carefully.
|October 8, 2012, 12:12 PM
Join Date: March 23, 2008
Posts: 72
I do have some buddys who have at least one of them. I need to go and look and feel them. I dont want anything to big or long if you will. I had a weatherby vangaurd before but it was to long and akward to reload so I would like something on the smaller size
|October 8, 2012, 01:23 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: February 7, 2011
Location: 1.5 miles above insanity
Posts: 259
I went looking for a decent hunting rifle about a year and a half ago.
I ended up with a used Winchester Model 70 (mine is from 1964).
I know Winchester enthusiasts bad-mouth the post '64 Model 70s - but mine shoots as straight as a laser. No - I can't work the action while holding the rifle upside down ---- but that's the only limitation I've found, so far.
Some of the nice used guns that I found:
- I found a few Savage rifles (pre-accutrigger) for mid-high 300s.
- I found a beautiful used Remington 700 ADL (wood stock) for $400.
- I found a very clean sporterized 1903 for $450.
New discount gun packages that impressed me:
- Remington ADL package from Cabela's
- Thompson venture package (amazing features at more amazing price)
I decided to stay far away from the 770s. You're way better off finding a pre-loved gun for about the same price. Wasn't that impressed with the Savage/Stevens rifle, either - although it's certainly better than a 770.
In .270 - I think I'd look for a used Winchester Model 70. There's really nothing on this planet nicer (of course, that's my own unbiased opinion)
One note - if you want to shoot a lot - stay away from the .270 WSM.
The .270 short cartridge costs a LOT to shoot.
|October 8, 2012, 07:39 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: May 18, 2004
Location: Minnetonka, MN
Posts: 119
All my Mossberg ATR-100 in .270 does is kill deer. These are two of the dozen or so one-shot kills with mine since I bought it when they first came out. It shoots factory ammo (130 grain Fusions) into 1.25-1.5" at 100 yards, and handloads into about an inch, although, in it's defense, I have not really spent a ton of time working up loads for a rifle I paid 220 bucks for and drag up into trees on a rope.
The important thing to me is that my ATR-100 shoots to POA every time I take it to the range, and it has never missed a deer or needed a second shot.
It isn't as nice as many rifles I own, but I don't mind HUNTING with it. And, where I hunt, that means bad weather and dragging it up into trees behind me.
Don't listen to the naysayers. You can get a good-shoot'n rifle these days for little money. The Marlin XS/XL7, Ruger American, Savage Axis, Stevens....they'll all kill and the animals will never know the difference.
FWIW, I have a Weaver Grand Slam 4.75x fixed scope mounted on the ATR with Warne rings.
Edit: I didn't mention the Remington 710/770 for a reason. The ones I have shot sucked. Bad. They are an embarrassment to the Remington name. If I won one or was given one, I wouldn't even shoot it.
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The Seagull Light, an LED table lamp, takes the form of a flying seagull and functions similarly too. In response to the eco trend, the light adopts LED as lighting source which consumes much less energy than traditional lighting sources, yet provides the same brightness for both ambient light and reading functions. It has two knobs on the main body, the front one for adjusting brightness and the back for adjusting lighting angles.
The "wings" would change positions in accordance with the light adjustment, imitating a seagull flapping wings to soar into the sky. The design cleverly integrates aesthetic beauty with functions, delivering not only light but also interactive fun to users.
Premium feel
With the metal material, the Seagull Light looks steady and delivers a premium feel.
Knob-operated control creates interactive fun
The two knobs on the body offer flexible adjustment and give users the freedom of creating their own desired ambience.
- Turning the front short knob to adjust the brightness
- Turning the long knob to adjust angels of the wings
Energy-efficient lighting
It adopts LED lighting technology that is much more energy efficient and eco-friendly than traditional lighting.
|Aluminum Alloy,Die Casting, Stainless Steel
|LED Color
|Warm WhiteCool White
|Power Input
|AC input: 100-240V AC/50-60Hz DC input: 12V, 2A
|Dimmable Switch** It has two knobs on the main body, the front one for adjusting brightness and the back for adjusting lighting angles.
|Net Weight
|2.3 kg
|Power Consumption
|45cm, 1600lux(max.)


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ATLANTA, GA --The fatal shooting of a Florida teenager who was listening to loud music in a car is drawing comparisons to the Trayvon Martin case, but there are some stark differences.
There are several witnesses to this shooting and the man accused of killing Jordan Davis at a Jacksonville, Fla., gas station was arrested almost immediately. In the Martin case, neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman wasn't arrested until more than a month after the shooting.
Michael David Dunn faces a murder charge. Police say Dunn opened fire after telling Davis and his friends to turn down their music. Dunn's attorney says he shot in self-defense.
Davis' funeral will be held in his hometown of Atlanta on Saturday.


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Genealogy Websites
PLEASE NOTE:The B&ECPL cannot guarantee the validity or accuracy of information found on the Internet. This list is included as a tool intended to help users find relevant information. The Library does not endorse information provided by third parties.
Click on a category below to view a list of genealogy websites:
|Buffalo and Erie County
|Ethnic Genealogy
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Cyndi's List – Adoption
Links to adoption-related websites, publications, research services, and other resources.
New York State Department of Health Adoption Information Registry
Learn about the New York State Department of Health Adoption Information Registry.
Buffalo and Erie County
Buffalo News Death Notices
Recent death notices are online for free, then they are transferred into a fee-based archive. The archive is searchable back to Sept. 11, 1997.
Designed for family history research in Buffalo, Erie County, and Western NY, with hundreds of useful links. The links include topics such as online city directories, maps, books, and many more.
City of Buffalo Inactive Records Center
Learn about the Center's resources and availability.
Dates of First Vital Statistics Records in Erie County
Gives the date in which a town or village was formed and the first dates for which birth, marriage, and death records exist.
Erie County Directory of Public Officials
Includes the names, addresses, and phone numbers of town and village clerks in Erie County. Clerks often have vital records.
Family Search Census Records
This site gives free access to numerous, U.S. Federal Census records, state census records (including New York), and foreign census records. To view a list of available records, use the Browse by Location section on the main web page.
Measuring America: The Decennial Censuses from 1790-2000
This book provides sample questionnaires, enumerator instructions, and background to the U.S. Federal Census year by year. Reading enumerator instructions is essential to understanding the information found about your ancestor in the census.
NARA - 1940 Census
Get ready for the 1940 census by reviewing NARA's website.
NARA – Census Record
This site details census records available at NARA and gives tips on using them for genealogy research.
One Step Web Pages by Stephen Morse
A useful site to help determine enumeration districts for large cities.
Western New York Genealogical Society Online Resources
Includes an index for the 1850 Black Rock Census and the New York State 1865 Census for Erie County.
Ethnic Genealogy
Cyndi's List
A directory to websites by subject including specific localities, ethnic groups, immigration, unique peoples/cultures, and more.
Family Search
Searching on the main page gives you access to numerous foreign records. The Learn menu takes you to a page where you can access online tutorials for various ethnic groups. It also give you access to the Research Wiki, where you can find information on researching different countries, states, cities, and ethnic groups.
NARA - Ethnic Heritage Resources
A list of ethnic genealogy websites compiled by NARA.
A worldwide volunteer genealogy project that gives access to various foreign records.
General Genealogy Sites
Brigham Young University's Family History Collection
Access thousands of full-text family history books.
Cyndi's List
If it has genealogical relevance and it's online, you'll find it at Cyndi's List.
Family Search
This is the Family History Library's website. It includes free access millions of online genealogy records (including New York State records), free online genealogy classes through the Learn menu, research help guides in the Research Wiki, and the Family History Library's online catalog.
Family Tree Kids
A genealogy site created for children. It includes genealogy games, projects, forms, book suggestions, and a parents and teachers resource section.
Internet Archive
Over a million books have been added to this site including local history and genealogy titles.
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
Learn detailed information about genealogical records at NARA as well as tips and articles related to genealogy research. The Access to Archival Databases (AAD) link gives access to hundreds of historical databases.
This is largest free genealogy website and offers resources such as databases, family trees, message boards, and more.
A nationwide volunteer genealogy project related to census records, cemeteries, vital records, and others.
Castle Garden
Records relating to 10 million individuals who came through this immigration center 1830-1892.
Ellis Island Records
Records of over 22 million immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island between 1892 and 1924. Includes images of original passenger manifests.
NARA Immigration Records
View NARA's holdings of passenger lists and land border records. Many of these lists are available in Ancestry Library Edition, a database available at all B&ECPL locations.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
Learn about USCIS genealogy research services.
Maps, Atlases, Geography
Atlas of Historical County Boundaries
Interactive historical maps that show state and county boundary changes.
BuffaloResearch.com - Maps
View historic Buffalo, Erie County, and Western New York maps.
David Rumsey Map Collection
Over 20,000 historic domestic and international maps.
Geographic Names Information System
Find the locations of modern and historic U.S. places and features including cities/towns, bridges, cemeteries, canals, parks, schools, and more.
GeoNet Names Server
A searchable database of international place names excluding the United States and Antarctica.
JewishGen Town Search
Search for Central and Eastern European place names. This database gives a town's modern name, country, previous names, alternate name spellings, and its political location for various time periods.
Library of Congress Maps
A collection of 4.5 million maps including U.S. cities and towns, cultural landscapes, military battles and campaigns, as well as other topics.
The Bureau of Land Management
Online Federal land conveyance records for the Public Land States, including land title records from 1820 and the present, as well as other resources.
U.S. County Maps
A US Census Bureau resource which includes state maps that detail county, city, and town boundaries.
Civil War Documents - Making of America
A digital project by Cornell University which includes the full text of The Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies and The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.
Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System
Find information on Civil War veterans, battles, regiments, cemetery records and other information.
Military Records in the New York State Archives
Learn about the records and research services available at the archives.
Nationwide Gravesite Locator
Search for the burial locations of veterans.
New York State Military Museum and Research Center
This site has many useful features including a unit history project, Adjutant General reports, and a Civil War units newspaper file.
Research in Military Records at the National Archives
Includes information on NARA's military record holdings, military research tips, access to NARA's online military databases, and links to other useful military research sites.
Vietnam Veterans Memorial
A key feature of this site is its database. It gives basic military service details about U.S. soldiers who died in the war as well as important genealogical information such as birth date, marital status, and death date.
Buffalo News Death Notices
Recent death notices are online for free, then they are transferred into a fee-based archive. The archive is searchable back to Sept. 11, 1997.
Chronicling America
This site gives full-text access to hundreds of historic newspapers. It also includes a newspaper directory that gives background information on thousands of titles. The directory can be searched by location, date, language, as well as ethnicity and labor press categories. It is important to call ahead to a repository to be sure that they carry a newspaper found in the database, and to be sure there are no special conditions or restrictions on the newspaper's use.
Fulton History
Includes numerous historic New York State newspapers. Users should be cautioned that the poor condition of some of the newspapers (due to age and wear), may affect search results. Erie County newspapers include (as of 6/1/2011): Buffalo Daily Courier, 1847-1888; Buffalo Evening Courier and Republic, 1862-1884; Buffalo Morning Express, 1880-1924; Hamburg Erie County Independent, 1875-1944; Hamburg Sun, 1945-1988; Hamburg Front Page, 1964-1979; Hamburg Photo News, 1969-1976; Blasdell, Frontier Herald 1950-1966.
New York State Newspaper Project
Find out where to access New York State newspapers by city, county, or title.
New York State Historic Newspapers
A wide range of newspapers from various counties in New York State. Papers from Erie County include the Buffalo Criterion, Buffalo Express, Buffalo Irish Times, and several Grand Island and Lackawanna newspapers.
Buffalo History Museum
Be sure to visit the Research Library link which gives access to the Society's genealogy finding aids.
Buffalo Irish Genealogical Society
A longstanding active local society.
Cyndi's List Societies & Groups
Links to the web pages of organizations alphabetically and by category.
Jewish Genealogical Society of Buffalo
Be sure to read about the Jewish Buffalo Archives Project.
Polish Genealogical Society of New York State
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Western New York Genealogical Society
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Research Help
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Family Search - Free Genealogy Research Classes Online
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Family Search - Research Wiki
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A calendar of genealogy webinars. Many are free.
Random Acts of Genealogical Kindness
Find volunteers to help you with your research.
Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources
The Red Book is a core genealogy research guide. It gives overviews of genealogy research for each U.S. State. This is the wiki version of the book.
The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
This popular genealogy research guide has been put online in wiki format. It is a good starter's guide on a wide range of genealogy topics.
Webinars by Ancestry.com
An archive of genealogy webinars given by Ancestry.com. The focus is on resources available in Ancestry, but general concepts and ideas can be learned as well.
Vital Records
Buffalo Vital Records
Learn how to access Buffalo birth, marriage, and death records.
Buffalo Death Index
A free browsable index to Buffalo, NY deaths for the years 1852-1944.
Almost 100,000 select deaths from 1872-2011 are listed at the website. The data is obtained from local newspapers.
New York State Vital Records
Find out how to obtain copies of New York State vital records and what records are available to genealogists.
Genealogical Research Death Index: Beginning 1957
The NY State death index for 1957 and through years that fall within defined genealogy years (Current year minus 50 years).
New York State Death Index 1880-1956
Does not include New York City (at all) or the cities of Buffalo, Albany, and Yonkers until 1914.
Online Searchable Death Indexes and Records
Links to online death resources by state.
Social Security Death Index
A database of over 70 million Americans from all 50 states who died from 1962 to the present. It usually includes birth and death dates. [Choose USA, scroll to and select U.S. Social Security Death Index.]
Find out where to obtain copies of U.S. vital records.


text:
Style # 204768
Rhinestone embellished logo at back, front pockets and lovely ruffled detail at front make this bebe hoodie a glam take on lounging styles.
- 94% cotton, 6% spandex.
- Center back to hem: 20" (51 cm).
- Sleeve length: 28" (71 cm).
- Front zipper.
- Drawstring at hoodie.
- Side pockets.
- Imported.
- Model is 5'9" and is wearing a US size S.
Logo Sparkle Ruffle Hoodie is rated out of 5 by 1.
Rated 5 out of 5 by BEBE2 from Love the fit and the look!! and the NAME!! My childhood/adult nickname is BEBE and in February I will be a first time grandma...but my grandma "name" will be BEBE so the clothes have extra special meaning! I love the look, the material, style..everything about the clothes! For the baby shower my sister got me the black tee with "BEBE" on the front..and I have been purchasing clothes ever since!!
Date published: 2012-11-22


text:
New design on existing online store in Prestashop
Бюджет €30-250 EUR
We have a webshop in Prestashop 1.6. Now it is time to upgrade the design and make it better for web and mobile interface. We have developed the new design and need a good front end developer to implement the new design into our prestahop website. We need it to be responsive to work on web and mobile.
There is 3 different pages that need to be updated: Product page, Category page, About us page and also the menu.
See attached pics for the new design for one of the new pages. Our website is [url removed, login to view]
We will need more help in the future and are looking for a good long term cooperation with repeated work.
Looking forward to hear from you. Let me know if you are interested and we will talk further.
Best regards
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I would advise against this approach. When jaundice is a problem, you want to increase the volume of the baby's intake. The best way to do this is to offer both breasts at a feeding. If your baby isn't too sleepy, you want to allow her to spend unrestricted time on the first breast- which will give her plenty of time to "reach" the creamier milk that is released as the breast gets emptied (a.k.a. the hindmilk)- and when she finishes the first breast, offer the second as a sort of dessert. If she takes it, awesome. If not, no worries.I explained to her that I had been making sure she gets more hindmilk by nursing from only one breast and/or pumping a little before feeding.
If your baby is particularly sleepy, you may need to be a little more proactive about keeping her alert and feeding when she is at the breast. How would you rate her sleepiness? Is she dozing off very quickly? Or does she stay awake for a nice long time, with lots of active sucking and swallowing?
ETA: Definitely take the sunny window suggestion from the PP! UV light is nature's biliblanket. If the weather is nice, take your LO out and put her in the sunshine for about 20 minutes, with no sunblock. The window approach is good if the weather is cold, but glass does block a fraction of UV light and that's not what you want.