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Difference between revisions of "Languages"
(→International support sites)
(→Language packs)
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* Chinese Simplified: [http://www.zen-cart.cn/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=5&lid=193 1.3.
* Chinese Simplified: [http://www.zen-cart.cn/modules/wfdownloads/visit.php?cid=5&lid=193 1.3.(gb2312)]
* [http://www.zen-cart.nl/forums/index.php?board=16.0 Dutch]: [http://www.zen-cart.com/index.php?main_page=download_contrib&contrib_id=110&update_id=1 1.3.0]
* [http://www.zen-cart.nl/forums/index.php?board=16.0 Dutch]: [http://www.zen-cart.com/index.php?main_page=download_contrib&contrib_id=110&update_id=1 1.3.0]
* [http://openprojects.ch/frs/?group_id=28 French]: [http://openprojects.ch/frs/download.php/90/French_Translation_ZenCart_V1.2.6.zip 1.2.6d]
* [http://openprojects.ch/frs/?group_id=28 French]: [http://openprojects.ch/frs/download.php/90/French_Translation_ZenCart_V1.2.6.zip 1.2.6d]
Revision as of 18:10, 12 April 2008
Translations are done on a volunteer basis, so the quality and even installation instructions may vary.
You are always welcome to help improve a translation, by either making your suggestions known to the author of the translation or by making your wanted changes yourself.
Installing a language pack
- Download the language pack.
- If the language pack was written for an older version of Zen Cart™, you'll need to update the language pack before proceeding.
- Upload the files and directories to your server.
- Go to Admin > Localization > Languages and click the new language button. Fill in the details and make sure you put the correct directory in Directory with proper case - English is not the same as english.
Make sure that the files and directories are uploaded to the appropriate places, which are:
- includes/languages/<your language>.php
- includes/languages/<your language>/*
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>.php
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>/*
- includes/templates/template_default/buttons/<your language>/
Some language packs may not include the Admin files, which will result in errors when you enter the Admin area. To solve this issue, simply copy the english language files for the Admin area into a directory for your language.
In other words, copy
- admin/includes/languages/english.php
- admin/includes/languages/english/
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>.php
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>/
Note to translators: If you haven't translated the Admin area, please include the english language files for the Admin in your language pack so users don't have to experience this.
You should avoid to edit the original files from the language pack you downloaded: if it is updated (to complete it or to follow new releases of Zen Cart), either you loose your changes if you just overwrite older files, or it would be more work to update your modified files (can be done with diff utils as explained below).
For minor edits, use the override system: copy the language files from the above directories to
- includes/templates/<current template>/buttons/<your language>/
- includes/languages/<current template>/<your language>.php
- includes/languages/<your language>/<current template>/
- includes/languages/<your language>/<other sub-directories>/<current template>/
and edit the new files. It seems the admin section has no such override.
- Watch out the "classic" folders (in 1.3.7 at least) to see where you can put your template folders.
- If you see an all capital string in place of a message, the corresponding language definition is missing from your language file. Look it up in the English language file and add it to your translation.
Creating a new translation
Read about editing in PHP to learn how to properly edit text definitions.
The following files and directories with subdirectories should all be included in the language pack, whether they're translated or not
- includes/languages/<your language>.php
- includes/languages/<your language>/
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>.php
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>/
- includes/templates/template_default/buttons/<your language>/
All paths should be included in the package as shown above in order to make it easy to extract onto a server without the need to move files or directories around.
Additionally but not required, there's the SQL file
- install/mysql_zencart.sql
which contains text that will appear on certain Admin pages. This means that the Admin area isn't 100% multi-lingual, but this will most likely be dealt with in a future version of Zen Cart™.
You should also include a file named README.txt where you say something about what has been translated and what has not, along with any other information you feel is appropriate.
{{infoBox|setlocale()|As the minimum required version for PHP now is 4.3, we can specify multiple locales for setlocale():
It makes it easier for users if they don't have to know the correct locale themselves, and we can guess it for them by editing the call to setlocale() in the following files to use the above code:
- includes/languages/<your language>.php
- admin/includes/languages/<your language>.php
Updating an older translation
If a language pack is out of date, you can easily make it up to date by comparing the English language files from the Zen Cart™ version that the language pack you wish to update was made for against the English language files of the new Zen Cart™ version you wish to update to.
Here's how to do that:
- Download the Zen Cart™ version that matches the original language pack and the Zen Cart™ version you wish to update the language pack for.
- Unpack the two packages into two separate directories.
- Open a comparison program like WinMerge(for Windows™) or FileMerge (for MacOSX™ - free utility with Xcode developer tools from Apple™.)
- Compare the two versions of the directories includes/languages and admin/includes/languages, and be sure to include subfolders.
- If a file exists only in the older release, delete it from your language pack.
- If a file exists only in the newer release, copy that English language file into your language pack and translate it.
- If a file has changed between the two versions, compare those English files to see what exact changes has been made, and update your language pack accordingly.
- Compare the two versions of the directory includes/templates/template_default/buttons/english/ and see if there are any new files. You may also consider updating the images if anyone have changed, but that's probably not strictly necessary.
Please share your updated translation with the community. Thank you!
<div id="List_of_known_language_packs" />
Language packs
The download area is working now, so there shouldn't be any further need of this list.
If you're looking for older versions of Zen Cart™ or the default English language files, they can be found at the project's section at sourceforge.net.
If you have access to a language pack not listed in the download area, please upload it.
- Chinese Simplified: 1.3.8a (gb2312)
- Dutch: 1.3.0
- French: 1.2.6d
- German: 1.2.6d
- Italian: 1.2.5
- Norwegian bokmal: 1.3.7
- Spanish 1.3.6
- Swedish : 1.2.6.d
Wanted translations
Feel free to add any languages you would like to see for Zen Cart™ here. This could be used to connect people who wants to translate into a certain language, so you might want to leave a way of contacting you if you're willing to participate in translating.
- Greek: 1.3.7
- Arabic
- British-English/Hiberno-English
- Indonesian
- Japanese: 1.2.6d
- Korean: 1.2.6d
- Romanian
- Russian: 1.3.0
- Thai
- Turkish
- Vietnamese: 0.5


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subset: commoncrawl


text:
|View Poll Results: Spice and Wolf II - Episode 5 Rating
|Perfect 10
|9 out of 10 : Excellent
|8 out of 10 : Very Good
|7 out of 10 : Good
|6 out of 10 : Average
|5 out of 10 : Below Average
|4 out of 10 : Poor
|3 out of 10 : Bad
|2 out of 10 : Very Bad
|1 out of 10 : Painful
|Voters: 87. You may not vote on this poll
|Thread Tools
|2009-08-06, 22:49
|Link #21
Senior Member
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: 28° 37', North ; 77° 13', East
Age: 28
As for this episode, I thought it was very good ( as the others have been ). Quite the ending, left me twitching to see what's going to happen in the next episode.
|2009-08-06, 23:05
|Link #22
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: Canada
Tch, I really enjoyed the ride throughout this episode. Lawrence's personal development here was huge...quite the level up indeed. Then came the last minute or so, what a wonderful way to put a bad taste in my mouth. Oh well, as always can't wait for the next ep!
|2009-08-07, 01:21
|Link #25
Math Ninja
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Ventura County CA
Age: 54
Issues... I haz dem
Okay, actually I have one specific issue. Does Amati know exactly who and what Horo really is? Because I don't recall seeing anyone let him in on the big secret. Even if he did somehow manage to win this duel, he'd be in for a big surprise on his wedding night. And yet, that fact hasn't been addressed at all. It's just kind of hanging out there - and it's mocking me.
The other thing bugging me is that I wish we could have seen at least some of what Horo's going through at the moment. She's just gotten the shock of her very long life - news that her home might not be there any more. Her entire world has been turned upside down, and more importantly, she's not in control any more. How is she handling that? Yes, we're getting to see a good story with Lawrence, but I feel like there's a lot more being left by the side of the road.
And wouldn't it be fun to have Lawrence take Horo for a visit with Deanna?
|2009-08-07, 01:42
|Link #26
Graphic Designer
Join Date: May 2007
Location: Inside the mysterious painting
Ooh nice episode... Truly one of the series worth watching this season. Some series gave ma an endless bad taste in the mouth.
This whole arc reminds me of when im having girl troubles . Overall i believe this arc will give us an insight not only on how stock markets work but also on how relationships work . That position Lawrence is in right now... i can totally relate. poor guy. But in the end like it could be just some misunderstanding which could make or break their relationship.
Spoiler for ...:
|2009-08-07, 01:57
|Link #27
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2007
Location: In the frozen wastes of the Province of Quebec, Canada.
Age: 42
They can't really show Horo in this little arc, a big part of the suspence comes from us not knowing how the wolf goddess really feels at that point. It's a bit disapointing for some people, but I prefer it that way myself.
|2009-08-07, 01:59
|Link #28
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2007
Ugh. For a person who theoretically hasn't done anything wrong, Amarti sure is starting to look more and more like an ass. And Mark's comment about not being able to buy love with money feels like a dig at Amarti, since that's basically what Amarti is trying to do. But I might be overthinking it.
Also, I have the strong suspicion that the person who bought pyrite on credit off of Diane was Amarti himself, to deprive Lawrence of that source of pyrite. (For one thing, Lawrence himself thinks of it, which is why he keeps asking Diane who it is. And the feathers Horo is wearing look very similar to the ones Diane has, which might be another reason Lawrence is shocked.) Of course, Mark is so godly helpful that Lawrence can get it anyway, or so I'm given to understand.
|2009-08-07, 02:23
|Link #29
I disagree with you all.
Join Date: Dec 2005
|2009-08-07, 02:51
|Link #30
Senior Member
Join Date: May 2007
Location: In the frozen wastes of the Province of Quebec, Canada.
Age: 42
Wich is quite amusing really, Horo can leave Lawrence anytime she wants. The whole contract deal is entirely Amati's idea of chivalry, it's not enough to love a girl, you must show your affection with a show of skill, dedication and PANACHE.
I love that kid, even though I'm going to enjoy immensely seeing him bite the dust.
|2009-08-07, 03:14
|Link #31
Former B-T Translator
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: Taipei, Taiwan
Age: 32
The feathers worn by Horo are significant, btw, but I guess I'll shut up and let those who haven't read the novel watch till the end.
|2009-08-07, 03:38
|Link #32
The Northern Guy
ARG cliffhanger AGAIN I'm gonna die from be on edge so much one of these days I tell you.
A 10, but a very irritating 10. I was hoping for a conclusion more not an other torture your self for one week.
Horo and an EVIL EVIL GIRL, Lawrence doesn't know the first thing about him self and Amati is a blind fool I hate, he's also scheming I am pretty sure he knows Lawrence is planing something.
I know horo will remain with Lawrence or this story would end, but dang-it this is driving me nuts. LITERALLY!!!!
|2009-08-07, 03:47
|Link #33
Senior Member
Join Date: Apr 2004
|2009-08-07, 08:11
|Link #34
Bring me a shrubbery!
Join Date: Jun 2009
Location: Canada, eh?
So well done. So... well... done.
Lawrence's lines are perfect, you finally see how much Horo means to him. But I think the absolute best part of his whole dialogue through the episode is the words he uses to describe exactly how important she is. He only has his experience and knowledge as a merchant to fall back to, and he likens her to a piece of very important cargo that is about to fall off! While this gets the point across that Horo is the most important thing in his cart, it seems like he is forgetting this piece of cargo isn't just dead weight obeying gravity. She has a will of her own! Now how she decides to use it he has no idea.
Loved his question at the end of his meeting with Deanna and loved his mumbling when he woke up (Horo is more than just pretty, she has utility value!). Amati paying Lawrence in the market was great, he was mocking the heck out of him! "I have sooooooooo much money I couldn't think of anything better to do than go get gold coins JUST TO SEE YOUR FACE."
I'm quite amazed at how well done these episodes have been, and I just can't wait to see this volume's conclusion in motion. Just thinking about it gets me excited enough to start fidgeting.
|2009-08-07, 09:47
|Link #35
Senior Member
Join Date: Oct 2006
Location: USA
God, this show just keeps delivering the goods. Each episode has been amazing, albeit the animation was a bit too minimalist for my taste this time around. It was also nice to have Lawrence say out loud his feelings for her honestly and acknowledge how important they are to one another.
|2009-08-07, 09:52
|Link #36
Junior Member
Join Date: Aug 2009
Gah the cliffhanger hurts so much!
Amati is really annoying... common sense tells you that Lawrence and Horo end up together again, (Or what, it'll become Spice and Horse?), but it still hurts so much. So tempted to just read the novel... but no. Must. Hold. Out...
Sigh... guess i'll go do something to ease this pain.
I should just rate this painful... painful for how nerve-wracking it is.
|2009-08-07, 10:36
|Link #37
Komrades of Kitamura Kou
Join Date: Jul 2004
Age: 34
I understand little of commerce but Lawrence's speech about Horo and pushing the cart stuck in the rain was painfully beautiful.
As for the cliffhanger ending... goddammit Lawrence apparently wasn;t crazy prepared enough for this. He needs to take a level in badass pretty quickly if he's going to win.
To those calling Amati impulsive and overly emotional... Yeah he's sort of all of that, byt most of all, he's naive.
Mark's speech was excellent. I've always had this idea that while Lawrence does place such a high value on his relationship with Horo, being a travelling merchant he is described by Mark as someone who is unable to look at people beyond mere partners. His speech probably helped put Lawrence's mind into perspective: that he preached of Horo being cargo beyond value and compare, he doesn't truly know what this value of hers mean to him.
Mark got it completely right, Lawrence never realized just how much effort he's been putting into protecting her because he's always been looking at her, and his own business associates, as partners in commerce rather than friends. And now that she's gone, as the cliche goes, only now he ralizes what he has and what he's done when she isn't around.
"What are you to me?" "What am I to you?", as Horo asked previously. Personally Lawrence should have asked himself that very same question the moment she popped it but, as I've said before, as a travelling merchant he always puts people at a distance.
This is is biggest fault. Always had been. I've been noticing this since about nearing the end of season 1 but I always thought that's the way he operated, until this season which really puts the way he terats people into the center stage.
But maybe now, he knows. Took one season + 5 for him to realize, but I'm expecting a big change in his perceptions.
As for this episode not having enough Horo... well...
This is all the Horo I need.
|2009-08-07, 11:27
|Link #40
Wiggle Your Big Toe
Join Date: Feb 2007
Location: Milwaukee
Age: 27
A really good episode that further fleshed out Lawrences feelings for Horo. So many wonderfuly done scenes this episode and that one shot of Horo was filled with so many emotions.
|Thread Tools


text:
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European Commission
Brussels, 10 July 2012
Smart Cities and Communities Communication
What are "Smart Cities & Communities"?
Smart and innovative cities make the best use of Europe's great capacity for research and innovation to improve the urban environment.
In essence, a smart city/community combines diverse technologies to increase the efficiency of how a city functions. Cities and industries join forces to develop a joint technology agenda.
European cities: the challenges…
One of the greatest challenges facing Europe is how best to design and adapt cities into smart, intelligent, sustainable environments.
Smart transformation of cities – the barriers…
At present however, cities are confronted with many obstacles when it comes to the use of smart technologies: barriers to the adoption of efficient technologies, difficulties for the promotion of innovation in public procurement or uncertainty about returns on investment. In tough economic times, businesses are also reluctant to scale up and rapidly deploy innovative technologies despite potential cost savings and longer-term emissions reductions.
In addition, the transport, energy and ICT services and value chains are now converging.
What are "smart cities and communities" or "lighthouse projects"? How do they work in practice?
The idea is that industry tests technology in a given city/community to show that the technology it developed works on the ground, can be implemented for reasonable costs and has advantages for citizens and the whole community. Many technologies have been tested by industry under laboratory conditions and need to be validated under real conditions of a city. The projects therefore bring competent industrial consortia (composed of R&D intensive industries from the three sectors) together with one or two cities to demonstrate their advantages – so that other cities may follow to implement the same technologies.
EU funding will be concentrated on a limited number of demonstration projects with high impact.
It is therefore foreseen that:
What is new compared to the 2011" Smart Cities and Communities initiative"?
A "High Level Group for Smart Cities & Communities" is being established to formulate a technological transformation agenda. It will advise on the strategic orientation of the initiative identifying bottlenecks that are blocking the transformation of our cities and necessary action. This will help to identify the main issues to be addressed by the lighthouse projects.
This Innovation partnership will be fully operational under "Horizon 2020", the new research and innovation funding framework under the next Multiannual Financing Framework (MFF 2014-2020). However, a first wave of lighthouse projects will be launched as of now, on the basis of a substantially increased budget.
The Commission has substantially increased funding from € 81 million in 2012 to € 365 million in 2013. Under the next MFF, "Smart Cities & Communities" will become an important part of Horizon 2020.
In addition to the substantial increase of the budget, the quality of the demonstration projects is different. Rather than focussing on one sector as in the first year, selected demonstration project will have to integrate all three aspects: energy, ICT and transport.
- Smart buildings and neighbourhood projects. They can for example integrate and manage local and renewable energy sources. They could expand the use of high efficiency heating and cooling (using biomass, solar thermal, ambient thermal and geothermal heat storage, co-generation and district heating). They could also support the construction of nearly zero-energy buildings and positive energy buildings and neighbourhoods.
- Smart supply and demand service projects. Funding could be available for schemes which provide data and information to citizens and end-users on energy consumption/production and multimodal transport and mobility services; to develop smart metering and related services for energy, water, waste; monitoring and balancing the grid; or energy storage (including virtual energy storage)
- Urban mobility projects. These could be electric public transport vehicles (for example trolley buses, trams, metro vehicles) that are able to exchange surplus energy (braking and accelerating energy) with the energy system. They could be using ICT to manage energy flows or using hydrogen as an energy carrier for storing energy and balancing demand at city level for energy and stationary power – controlled by ICT using forecasts for demand patterns based on weather forecasts, event planning, vehicle route patterns, etc.
- Smart and sustainable digital infrastructures. By reducing the carbon footprint of the Internet, in particular data centres and telecoms equipment, including broadband; intelligent heating, cooling and lighting solutions;
Who can participate in the call for proposals?
The call for proposals will be open to industry-led consortia operating in the three sectors: energy, ICT and transport. The consortia will need to include partners coming from three Member States and/or Associated Countries teaming up with at least two cities. These criteria should ensure that the demonstration projects presented and selected are market-oriented and that they can be replicated in different cities.
Does the call target countries or cities having specific features?
The call does not make any specific reference to the characteristics of the cities, for instance their size or population. However the projects are expected to have an EU impact and to test solutions at sufficient large scale enabling the market –uptake and roll out afterwards.
How will the call for tender work organized?
Every year, around the month of July the Commission will launch a call for proposals, covering the areas in which these three sectors are closely linked. Bidding consortia will have few months to propose their projects which will be evaluated by the Commission. Once the projects are selected and the contracts negotiated with the Commission, consortia can start working on the projects, around one year from the date of the call for proposals.
How will the replication of successful urban applications be managed?
There will be a "Smart Cities & Communities" Stakeholder Platform which will bring city authorities, industry, NGOs and civil society together. The platform will accompany the implementation of the lighthouse projects and monitor overall implementation of the Innovation partnership. It will organise activities so that experience and knowledge from lighthouse projects will be shared.
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text:
How To Make Easy Applique Wall Art
"Applique" is one of those intimidating crafting words. It's a lot less intimidating if you just think of it as "cutting out fun shapes and sewing them onto stuff." Let's walk you through how to make your own super-easy, ridiculously inexpensive hoop art in 30 minutes or less.
What You Need
Embroidery hoop (These can be found for a dollar or so at most craft and sewing shops.)
Backing material (I used burlap, but you can use linen, felt, or plain ordinary cotton.)
Scraps of fabric for the applique
Embroidery floss
1. Draw your shape on the back of the fabric, then cut it out. It's best to start with something simple. I wanted to do a heart for Valentine's Day, but my preschooler insisted on a star instead. (Note: I do know how to draw a symmetrical star, I swear, but I kind of liked this off-kilter zigzag one.)
2. Mount your backing fabric on the embroidery hoop, then tighten the hoop and pull the fabric until it is taut and even. Trim the backing fabric to within an inch or so of the hoop. Make sure to leave enough extra fabric that you can loosen the hoop and adjust the fabric if you want to reposition your design, but not so much that it flaps around and gets in your way.
3. Pin your applique to the backing.
4. Thread and knot your needle with the embroidery floss. If you've never used embroidery floss before, you should know that it is actually six threads intertwined. You'll want to cut off your desired length of floss, then separate the threads into smaller skeins. For straightforward stitching like this, I like a thicker skein, so I separate the floss into two three-thread skeins. (And if all this talk of separating threads is too much for you, regular old thread will work just fine, too.)
5. Start sewing from underneath. Sew a simple whip stitch all the way around your applique. Don't worry if your stitches aren't perfect. It's not uneven! It's rustic! When you're done, knot your thread from the back.
6. Trim the excess backing fabric away from the embroidery hoop, and voila! Your art is ready to hang!
Once you get the hang of applique, it's addictive. Next thing you know, you'll be appliqueing every unadorned fabric surface that crosses your path. Onesies, bibs, cushions – nothing will go un-appliqued!
Want more smart tutorials for getting things done around the home?
See all of our Home Hacks tutorials
We're looking for great examples of your own household intelligence too!
Submit your own Home Hacks tutorial or idea here!
(Images: Tammy Everts)


text:
The Office of Faculty Affairs and Faculty Development supports University of Virginia School of Medicine faculty throughout their careers in their work as teachers, investigators, and patient care providers. We facilitate the success of faculty by providing comprehensive support services and professional development opportunities. We offer timely, efficient, faculty-focused assistance that fosters faculty satisfaction and engagement while allowing each faculty member to thrive personally and professionally.
The School of Medicine's Office of Faculty Affairs and Faculty Development is committed to facilitating the success and academic advancement of our faculty.
We welcome your questions and your feedback.


text: Wow! I didn't realize that the BMC was again running a full blown Linux distro! Only on those Sun servers - a friend who used to work for Sun showed me this. Those sun BMCs did more than act as IPMI controllers (ie you could have virtual CD drivers etc, though of course other IPMI type controllers can do this) For Dell, Supermicro, HP etc. etc. I don't know what the Drac/IPMI cards run. The contents of this email are confidential and for the exclusive use of the intended recipient. If you receive this email in error you should not copy it, retransmit it, use it or disclose its contents but should return it to the sender immediately and delete your copy. _______________________________________________ Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org sponsored by Penguin Computing To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf


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Louisiana Fairs And Festivals provides information on upcoming craft shows, fairs and festival across the United States.
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The Rosendale Cafe offers some of the best vegetarian food and performing artists in the Hudson Valley, serving weekly entrees, assorted salads, exciting homemade desserts, organic coffees, micro brews, and wine. Weekend concerts feature both local and international musicians: singer-songwriters, jazz, blues, world, and experimental; and every other Tuesday we host Singer-Songwriter Tuesdays ...
Rosedale Restaurant – From Chef Susan Spicer
Choose from a special Brunch menu or our regular menu. Omelet du Jour, Huevos Rancheros, Eggs, Biscuits, Bacon and More! $4 Mimosas & Bloody Mary's
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White Castle, Louisiana - Wikipedia
White Castle is a town in Iberville Parish, Louisiana, United States.As of the 2010 census, the town population was 1,883.
Finding A TV Repair Events Near Me in Rosedale LA
Are you wondering what to do this weekend? If you're looking for places to go and fun things to do in Rosedale and around the Iberville valley, we've always got plenty of suggestions!
Fun Things to Do This Weekend in Louisiana
Here's a list to help free you from boredom without emptying your wallet this weekend.
1. Go to the Park
You can take your family or go with a friend. Swing on the swings like when you were a kid.
2. Watch the Sunset
Find a great spot in your community to catch the sunset. We have a lake by our house that offers some great views!
3. Pack a Picnic Lunch
Throw a picnic lunch together and find a shady spot to enjoy the day with your loved ones.
4. Play Board Games
Bring out the old favorites like Monopoly or Scrabble, or find new board games to play. (See also: Board Games That Make You Think)
5. Play Card Games
Invite a few friends over and have a card night.
6. Do a Road Rally With Friends
Get some friends together and go on a mobile scavenger hunt. The first one back with all things on the list wins! Losers have to buy dessert.
7. Go on a Digital Scavenger Hunt
Make it a digital scavenger hunt. Think of some creative, hilarious pictures you could take with people in the community, or check out this list for scavenger hunt ideas.
8. Throw a B.Y.O.E. Party
This stands of Bring Your Own Everything. Guests are encouraged to bring food and drinks to share. Or, check this post out for more frugal party ideas.
9. Have a Bonfire or Campfire in Your Backyard
Make s'mores and play campfire games.
10. Get Ice Cream
Hit up your local ice cream shop and indulge in your favorite dish! Our local Dairy Queen is located right on the lake, which ties in perfect with #2!
11. Make a Romantic Dinner
Plan a romantic, candlelight dinner for your spouse or loved one. Romance need not be expensive! (See also: Romance on a Dime)
12. Grill Something New
Try a new grilling recipe. Recently I tried chicken breast stuffed with cream cheese, mozzarella cheese, basil, and tomatoes! Mmmm!
13. Go to the Museum or Zoo
Many times a local museum will have free or discount days. Zoos are fairly inexpensive if you pack your own lunch and avoid the unnecessary extras.
14. Scan Your Old Photographs
Take the weekend to go through your old photos and scan them into a digital file. You can even create digital scrapbooks! (See also: Save Memories With Cloud Computing)
15. Pretend You're a Tourist in Your Community
Most folks rarely visit their own city's tourist attractions. Take a weekend be a tourist in your own town.
16. Organize a Neighborhood Cleanup
Get friends and neighbors together to go and clean up a city block. Here are six steps to organizing your own neighborhood cleanup.
17. Go to the Farmers Market
Communities will usually have farmers markets on the weekends where you can get locally grown produce. The food is fresh and delicious! Here's a savvy guide to farmers markets.
18. Pick Strawberries or Other Fruit
Find a "U-Pick" spot to gather some fresh strawberries, blueberries, or other fruit and then…
19. Bake a Pie
Use the freshly picked fruit to bake a homemade pie! (Need help with the pie crust?)
20. Volunteer at a Soup Kitchen or Homeless Shelter
Organizations like these are always looking for volunteers. This will be one of the most rewarding things you could do this weekend and can possibly make a difference on your resume! (See also: Translating Volunteer Experiences to Workplace Credentials)
21. Invite Your Neighbors Over
With today's busy pace, it seems harder to get to know our neighbors. Invite them over for dinner or dessert and make an effort to know more about them.
22. Go Fishing
Grab the poles, find a pond, and cast those lines!
24. Go to the Library
There are many benefits your local library has to offer besides just books. You can rent movies, page through magazines, or surf the net.
25. Host a Classic Movie Marathon
Invite friends over for a movie marathon featuring all the classics you remember from when you were growing up. Or, host a money movie marathon!
26. Rearrange the Furniture in Your House
My wife and I did this last weekend. I love the new look and feel of our living room now! Rearranging furniture doesn't cost anything and adds a new flair to your place.
27. Write Out Your Bucket List and Pick One to Do
Brainstorm ideas for all the things you want to do in life, and pick one to do this weekend.
28. Put Together a Jigsaw Puzzle
When is the last time you put together a puzzle? Find one you like and get to it.
29. Volunteer to Babysit for Someone Who "Needs a Break"
I know many parents who would love for someone to offer a chance to take a break from the busyness of life. Many single parents hardly ever get a chance to get out and unwind.
30. Clean Out Your Closet and Donate to a Thrift Store
Go through your closets and declutter. Find items you can donate to your local Goodwill or another thrift shop.
31. Watch for Shooting Stars
Go on a star-gazing adventure. Grab a blanket and head to a park to lay and watch the stars. Here's a meteor shower calendar to help.
32. Go on a Bike Ride
Bike to a location you've never been to before. Or, bring your bike to a town or city you're unfamiliar with and create your own bike tour. Just be safe on your bike! (See also: Bicycle Safety in the City)
33. Take a Free Online Class
There are plenty of free online classes you could take to improve your skills in a certain area. Try your hand at investment classes if that interests you!
34. Write Out Your Life Plan
This one will take some thought but will be well worth it. Here's a great resource from Michael Hyatt for helping you think through your life plan.
35. Set Three New Goals for Yourself
Related to the life plan is setting three new goals you'd like to accomplish in the new six to twelve months…and write them down!
36. Find a Community Play to Attend
Many local communities offer inexpensive theater productions.
37. Help Someone in Need
Lend a helping hand to a neighbor, co-worker, or friend.
38. Buy Food for the Homeless and Listen to Their Stories
It's not always wise to give money to a homeless person, but you can buy food. Listen to their stories, and if possible, direct them to an organization that can help.
39. Go Bowling
Get some friends together and have a blast at the lanes!
40. Visit Garage Sales and Look for Deals
Take a friend or two, grab breakfast, and then hit the local garage sales to scan for deals.
41. Tour the Local Fire or Police Station and Thank Them for Their Service
A simple gesture can really mean a lot to the men and women who serve us on a daily basis!
42. Visit a Local Nursing Home and Engage With the Residents
Many elderly folks have great tales to tell. Listen to their stories and see what you can learn from them.
43. Plant a Garden
You can make a garden box or even an herb garden if you don't have much room. (See also: Small Space Garden Ideas)
44. Go Dancing
Grab a few friends, put those dancing shoes on, and hit the local club.
45. Walk Through the Craft Store and Start an Art Project
Take your spouse or loved one to a craft store and each purchase a few crafts for a creative project. Or start a pine cone project!
46. Host a "Minute to Win It" Party
Invite a few friends over and challenge each other with some creative games based on the hit TV show.
47. Write a Letter to a Family Member You Haven't Talked to in a While
When is the last time you sat down and wrote a letter? There's something magical and nostalgic about the written word on paper. Send a letter to someone you haven't talked to in a while and tell them how much you love them.
Hopefully these ideas are enough to get you started on a fun, cheap, and rewarding weekend!
What cheap, fun things are you planning to do this weekend?
Case in point, a member of our staff had the opportunity to have a free day with other people courtesy of a local Casio (something a lot of TV Repair Rosedale LA professionals don't get to do) and they had a great time just talking to casino staff and enjoying the life of the other side. The group was a decent size and not one of them failed to thank them while sharing the day on social and I have no doubt it increased local interest significantly.
A live concert to me is exciting because of all the electricity that is generated in the crowd and on stage. It's my favorite part of the business, live concerts. ~Elvis Presley
Convenient List of Upcoming Rosedale Events Near Me
Things to Do In Rosedale
Finding Things to do in Rosedale Louisiana
There are a lot of times that we as business owners lose sight of why we started our business in the first place so I created this page as an easy resource for our staff when visiting clients in order to keep them grounded. After all, all work and no play makes for bad coffee.
Welcome to Rosedale, Louisiana, a one-of-a-kind place that offers the ultimate in shopping, dining and cultural attractions, surrounded by natural beauty and outdoor spaces. Miles of nature trails, public parks and swim beaches are walking distance from downtown for a workout or unwinding.
Numerous spas, museums, art exhibitions are located in Louisiana. Louisiana is also your gateway to the entire Puget Sound Region. Within minutes you can explore Rosedale's culture and history, visit waterfront parks and galleries or tour a wine country, home to over 100 wineries and tasting rooms.
There are so many things to do in and around the Rosedale area that it comes down to how much time you have and whether your desire for adventure tends toward the urban or the pursuit of nature. Whatever your passion, or to discover a new one that is uniquely Northwest, get out there!
Check the Rosedale forecast before you head out
Thursday 12/13 80%
Showers and thunderstorms. High 66F. Winds SE at 10 to 15 mph. Chance of rain 80%.
Friday 12/14 20%
Mostly Cloudy
Partly cloudy skies during the morning hours will become overcast in the afternoon. Slight chance of a rain shower. High 54F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph.
Saturday 12/15 10%
Mostly Cloudy
Mostly cloudy. High 57F. Winds WNW at 5 to 10 mph.
Sunday 12/16 10%
Generally sunny despite a few afternoon clouds. High 63F. Winds NNW at 5 to 10 mph.
Monday 12/17 10%
Partly Cloudy
Mostly cloudy skies early, then partly cloudy in the afternoon. High 62F. Winds light and variable.
Other Rosedale Resources:
Rosedale Coffee Shops Near Me
Rosedale Neighborhoods
Rosedale Points of Interest
Rosedale Uber Coupon
Rosedale AirBnB Coupon


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I'm having a little trouble trying to teach Mabel to sit. We've been training every night this week and I am still having trouble getting her to sit. I still have to lure her with a treat, and her first reaction is to charge right at me, jump on my lap an go after the treats in my hand. When I lure her back to sit, she first jumps, and jumps then finally gets the idea that I want her to put her hands down.
I know this sounds a little weird, but should I use treats she likes less? She gets so excited whenever she gets treats, even ones she hates (the vet was terribly amused when she almost wagged herself off the table when she gave her a liver treat, but then refused to eat it). We're looking at starting puppy classes soon, but I'm worried we're already behind!
Just a little video of what's going on, sorry she's not always on screen, I moved recently and my tripod is still at the family house.


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Blogs and Blogging...
This is from Sarabeth's blog:
1. Grab the nearest book.
2. Open the book to page 123.
3. Find the fifth sentence.
4. Post the text of the next four sentences on your blog, along with these instructions.
5. Don't you dare dig for that "cool" or "intellectual" book in your closet! I know you were thinking about it! Just pick up whatever is closest!
(Quoted from I once was HP)
The nearest book for me was Roget's Thesaurus, and it has no sentences on page 123, so I've disqualified it.
The second nearest book was Huckleberry Finn. I'm not reading it, but I guess Isaac must be.
"I ain't undisposed. What's your line -- mainly?"
"Jour printer, by trade; do a little in patent medicines; theatre-actor -- tragedy, you know; take a turn at mesmerism and phrenology when there's a chance; teach singing; geography school for a change; sling a lecture, sometimes -- oh I do lots of things -- most anything that comes handy, so it ain't work. What's your lay?"
(Four sentences from page 123 of a paperback edition of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain)
This was entertaining to do. What's your nearest book?
Technorati tags:


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41 Accommodation, 5 Events , 62 Things to do
Benone golf course is situated on the A2 Seacoast Road between Limavady and Coleraine.
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Roe Park Golf Course is the outstanding feature of the Roe Park Resort in a beautiful setting.
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S J Mitchell And Company offers both tackle and bait to anglers and provides DARD permits for ...
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Situated on the A2 Coast Road, 12 miles north of Limavady, and 10 miles from Coleraine.
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Park up on Leighry Road (C 703 313) adjacent to a sharp bend.
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This artificial lake commands a cliff-top situation set in a forest area overlooking Benone Strand.
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Seven miles of sand with magnificent mountain and cliff scenery and stunning views across the bay.
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This scenic and tranquil park on the outskirts of Limavady offers spectacular riverside views.
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Built during the Napoleonic wars, with walls over 9ft thick, to guard the Foyle against the French.
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An inscribed stone cross at Duncrun marks the site of St Patrick's Monastery and the Roman ...
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For £105 for 2 people
For £23.50 per person
For £40 per person
For £66.50 per person
From £69pps
For £20 pp
Want to know more? Ask a question in our Community, they're the people who know Ireland best.
For more information on travel, accommodation and attractions have a look at our brochures and maps.
If you're a visitor from the island of Ireland you may want to visit one of these sites… Otherwise proceed to Ireland.com
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text:
The Sennin Foundation Center presents instruction in Saigo Ryu aiki-jujutsu, a traditional and non-competitive martial art. While many Westerners use "jujutsu, jujitsu, or jiu-jitsu" to describe their art of self-defense, most of these methods bear little resemblance to the original Japanese jujutsu, Japan's oldest martial art. Both aikido and judo stem from jujutsu, and our dojo is one of few in the USA to offer authentic Japanese jujutsu.
Our class features a wide variety of powerful throwing, pinning, and grappling techniques stemming from older methods (kobudo) originating in the Aizu-Wakamatsu area of Japan. Saigo Ryu is a sogo bujutsu, an "integrated martial system," and it also features advanced training in the martial arts of the sword, spear, staff, short stick, iron fan, and others. It is unique and unlike many more well-known martial disciplines (like karate-do, kendo, and iaido). While training is vigorous, and the practiced self-defense techniques effective, the emphasis is on subduing an opponent without unneeded injury. Students improve their health while learning martial arts as meditation, which helps them to remain calm under pressure. Some students have likened training in our dojo to "moving Zen."
Our instructors also teach methods for cultivating ki (chi in Chinese). Ki is the life energy that animates human beings, and an understanding of it is useful in both martial arts and daily life.
H. E. Davey Sensei, the primary instructor at the Sennin Foundation Center, is the author of numerous books, including Unlocking the Secrets of Aiki-jujutsu and Living the Japanese Arts & Ways. He began studying the Saigo Ryu tradition at just five years old. He received the rank/title of Nihon Jujutsu Kyoshi from the Kokusai Budoin, which defines Kyoshi as a "Master's certificate and equal to modern ranks of sixth- to eighth-degree black belt." Kokusai Budoin was founded over 50 years ago in Japan, where it is affiliated with the Japanese Imperial Family, and where it functions as an international federation for most budo, or martial arts. In 1995, Davey Sensei and his students became the first Westerners permitted to give their own demonstration of aiki-jujutsu at the Kokusai Budoin's annual All-Japan Martial Arts Exhibition. He is also on the Board of Directors of the Shudokan Martial Arts Association, which has given him a seventh-degree black belt and a Shihan teaching license.
Instruction in the Shin-shin-toitsu-do system of Japanese yoga and meditation is included at no extra charge. Japanese yoga training makes it easier to master the martial arts, and it helps us to realize our full potential other activities as well. Give us a call at 510-526-7518 to find out how aiki-jujutsu can help you toward self-protection and self-perfection.


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I was reading some responses from other people who had a similar situation, and several posters responding saying that since my LSDAS is a reflection of my UGrad studies, that one of my LOR should be sourced from an UGrad professor for that reason alone.
I totally agree with you. I am actually meeting with an admissions counselor for Chicago-Kent next month, I can bring it up then to him/her. I will also call around and see what other places say. How is your studying going btw PaleForce?
We gots 2.5 months!!


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The Higher Education Center at National City is conveniently located near major freeways and public transportation. Click the links below for directions and a map or for public transportation options.
The Education Village Parking Structure is located behind the facility on Roosevelt Avenue. Single day permits, valid the date of issuance, are available for $3.00 from the permit dispenser located on the second level of the structure next to the elevator.
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© 2011 Southwestern College, 900 Otay Lakes Road, Chula Vista, CA 91910. (619) 421-6700
The Southwestern College is not responsible for the content of external sites.
Thank you for visiting the Southwestern College website.


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With its recent move from Jacksonville Road to the Kmart Plaza on East Silver Springs Boulevard, Ocala's Bankshot Billiards added a food element.
In those rare instances when pool ignites a few neurons, I tend to think of Harold Hill.
You know, he's the traveling con man in "The Music Man" who rouses an Iowa rabble with "Trouble — with a capital 'T' and that rhymes with 'P' and that stands for pool!"
You see, I don't typically think of a pool hall as a place to find a burger.
Until now.
With its recent move from Jacksonville Road to the Kmart Plaza on East Silver Springs Boulevard, Ocala's Bankshot Billiards added a food element.
To be sure, pool is still king here with 17 tournament-quality tables. And there are enough high def TVs around — including a handful of mammoth projector types — to outfit a small Best Buy.
Owner Mike Kohn says he's hoping to project a more family-friendly image.
"I want this to be a place where a guy can bring his wife and kids and not be offended," he said. "We really want to change from a billiard-hall idea to a family-oriented sports bar and grill with pool tables. ... I listen to my customers, and this is something they've wanted for a long time."
So, with a full kitchen in the back, he opted for another goal: "We're going to try to wow Ocala with our food."
Lofty sentiment, indeed.
To that end, he brought in Jason Luke to oversee his kitchen as general manager.
"People have the idea that a pool hall is dingy, loud and obnoxious," Luke says. "It's such a nice place here, we're probably the only smoke-free pool hall."
He says the idea is to produce a line of gourmet burgers featuring a mix of ground chuck, short rib and brisket.
"We're not skimping on any of our burgers or meats," he adds.
And steaks, Kohn adds. Don't forget the steaks.
"We'll put up our steak against any other steak in town," he boasts.
The steak issue aside, I admit I've been on something of a quest lately to find burgers of distinction hereabouts, and I'm not letting anything but my debit card stand in my way.
This sounded like a challenge, particularly when I noticed the "Inferno Burger" on the menu. Its description: "half-pound burger lightly breaded and deep fried, smothered in Buffalo sauce, blue cheese crumbles, topped with chopped celery and ranch."
"We're trying to put together ingredients you'd never consider going into a burger," Luke says.
So I dropped in at dinnertime recently to give it a try.
Mindful this is within a week of Kohn, Luke and company first cranking up the kitchen, I don't mind saying the burger comes pretty darn close to Kohn's self-set "wow" standard. I tried the sliders option, allowing me to pick three mini versions of the choices available.
All were quite good, actually: lightly blackened, juicy and quite flavorful for something that only takes a few bites to finish.
In my experience it's probably a bold step for a pool hall to put such an emphasis on victuals. With the food move, Kohn says, "we are ecstatic to get to offer this side of town what we offer."
■ ■ ■
Feta up with waiting: The new Feta Mediterranean Cuisine quietly opened last week in the old Moses Building at 306 SW Broadway St. This is the building where Kelley Welsh first opened her Primary Oven years back just a few steps from Pine Avenue.
I haven't had the fortune to visit yet, but according to Feta's Facebook profile the eatery offers "original dishes inspired by the Mediterranean region." It's open daily for lunch and dinner.
Stay tuned for more details.
Contact Rick Allen at email@example.com.


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Two questions about LCA
Mplus Discussion
Latent Variable Mixture Modeling
posted on Monday, June 23, 2003 - 1:53 pm
1).In Mplus output of LCA, there are two types of class counts/proportions based on posterior probabilities and most likely class membership, respectively. What does it indicate when these types of class counts are quite different?
2). Mplus provides significance test results for threshold estimates. What does it mean when the test is not statistically significant for a threshold estimate? Do we need to set it to 0?
posted on Monday, June 23, 2003 - 1:56 pm
1) This means that the classification is not very clear, i.e. the entropy is rather low
2) this significance test can be ignored. Zero for a threshold typically implies probability 0.5 which is usually not a meaningful value to test against. Don't set the threshold to zero.
posted on Tuesday, July 08, 2003 - 12:31 pm
1) Information criterion statistics (e.g., BIC, AIC) are usually used to compare LCA models with different number of classes because these models are not nested. Once a model with the smallest BIC is chosen, how do we know the model fits data? What statistics provided in Mplus output can be used to test goodness-of-fit of the LCA model?
2) In his paper (Statistical and substantive checking in GMM), Dr. Muthén mentioned that the Lo-Mendell-Rubin LR test is a new statistic that can be used for latent class enumeration of GMMs with non-normality of the outcome, and the LMR LRT procedure was implemented in Mplus 2.12. I am wondering if LMR LR can be used for class enumeration in LCA; if so, how can we get it from Mplus 2.12?
3) LCA models with smaller BIC could also have smaller value of entropy, compared with other LCA models. Should the value of entropy also be used for model comparison? Is there any cutting point value for entropy that indicates an acceptable class membership classification?
4) When predictors of the latent class membership are included into LCA, model results, including latent class probabilities and conditional probabilities, often change. Does this mean we should always make model selection and interpret model results based on LCA model with predictors, and not report the model results without predictors?
posted on Tuesday, July 08, 2003 - 1:21 pm
1) This is a good question that has not received enough attention in mixture modeling. It is a difficult topic because it is not enough to check fit against first and second order moments because mixtures are not normal. Mplus offers two features. Tech7 gives a comparison between model-estimated means, variances, and covariances and sample counterparts where raw data has been weighted by posterior probability estimates. This procedure was used in the Roeder, Lynch, Nagin article in JASA (see Mplus references). The new Tech13 checks agreement with multivariate skew and kurtosis. Mixture model fit is an area ripe for research. One new line of development is residual diagnostics. Both Tech13 and residual diagnostics are referred to in my paper that you mention under 2).
2) Yes. And you get it through Tech13 just as for continuous outcomes.
3) I don't think entropy should be of primary concern for deciding number of classes unless deciding between two models that are equivalent in other regards. I am not aware of a cutting point for good entropy. Note also that the classification can be good for some classes and the entropy low because of other classes not being well distinguishable.
4) Yes, I think the final model should include covariates. I have a draft paper that discusses this issue, which I will be happy to send to you later this summer (remind me). For example, if the true model has covariates x influencing a latent class variable c and also have direct influence on the indicators u, then excluding x in the analysis will produce incorrect classification because of the direct influence of x on u.
posted on Tuesday, July 08, 2003 - 2:18 pm
Dear Dr. Muthén:
Thank you so much for your quick reply!
I tried both TECH7 and TECH13 options as you recommended. They did not work for LCA. Mplus output shows both options are only available for models with y-variables.
I am wondering how LR based chi-square statistic was used for LCA model fit testing in some studies:
1) Flaherty, B.P. 2002. Assessing reliability of categorical substance use measures with latent class analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 68:S7-S20). (The computer software used for the study is LTA).
2) Mitchell & Plunkett. 2000. The latent structure of substance use among American Indian adolescents: An example using categorical variables. American Journal of Community Psychology, 28: 105-125. (The software used for the study is MLLSA).
posted on Tuesday, July 08, 2003 - 3:29 pm
Yes, Tech7 and Tech13 are only for continuous outcomes ("y"s). Tech11 can be used for categorical outcomes ("u"s), but it isn't a test against data. For a test against data with a model for u's you can use the Pearson and likelihood ratio chi-square tests of the model against the unrestricted alternative (multinomial frequency table). The problem is that when the number of u's is not small, the number of cells of the table gets large and the tests are not well approximated as chi-squares. But these are probably the tests that you see in those articles.
posted on Thursday, July 10, 2003 - 1:15 pm
I have two LCA models:
Model with 3-classes: BIC=3174.61 AIC=3032.38
Model with 4-classes: BIC=3216.24 AIC=3013.05
One model has a smaller BIC, while another one has a smaller AIC. Which model should I choose? In this case, should the choice of model depends on which model is more interpretable?
posted on Thursday, July 10, 2003 - 1:19 pm
In a dissertation that a student of mine did, BIC performed better in an LCA Monte Carlo study than AIC. BIC seems to be more widely accepted with mixtures (latent class models). But in this type of case I would certainly rely heavily on interpretation. You can also check the Pearson and likelihood ratio chi-square tests against the unrestricted frequency table as well as the new Tech11.
posted on Friday, July 11, 2003 - 11:02 am
Dear Dr. Muthén:
My model results show that the Pearson and likelihood ratio chi-square statistics were significant for both models (indicating bad model fit?). However the p-value was slightly larger for 3-class model (BIC is also smaller for 3-class model); and 3-class model is more interpretable. So, 3-class model should be preferred. Right?
Tech11 output:
H0 Loglikelihood Value -1483.448
2 Times the Loglikelihood Difference 53.845
Difference in the Number of Parameters 19
Mean 7.576
Standard Deviation 129.300
P-Value 0.3000
Value 53.382
P-Value 0.3022
I wish to have some questions about Tech11 output:
1) Can the VUONG-LO-MENDELL-RUBIN and LO-MENDELL-RUBIN ADJUSTED LRT tests be used for comparing models with different number of latent classes, which are non-nested?
2)The p-value shows the chi-square is not statistically significant. Does this indicate no difference between 3-class and 4-class models?
3) The number of parameters was 35 for 3-class model and 50 for 4-class model, according to the TESTS OF MODEL FIT in Mplus output. The difference in number of parameters is 15, which is different from that (i.e., 19) in Tech11 output.
4) The p-value for the chi-square=53.845 with d.f.=19 calculated by SAS Probchi function is 0.000035, which is different from those (i.e., 0.3000 and 0.3022) in Tech11 output.
Could you please help me with these questions? Thank you very much!
posted on Friday, July 11, 2003 - 4:28 pm
I agree with your first paragraph.
1) No
2) Yes. In other words, you can't reject that 3 classes is sufficient.
3) I am glad you are checking this. This could mean that the Tech11 test was not correctly applied here due to the model specification of the first class. Note that Tech11 gets the 3-class model by dropping class 1 in the 4-class run. Perhaps you have restrictions in the last 3 classes of the 4-class run that you don't have in your 3-class run?
4) That p value is based on chi square, but the idea behind Tech11 is that the likelihood difference is not chi square in this case. The Tech11 distribution is different from chi square - hence the difference in p value.
posted on Friday, July 11, 2003 - 5:00 pm
Thank you very much!
Peter Martin
posted on Wednesday, April 05, 2006 - 7:53 am
Dear Dr. Muth�n,
In your posting (in this discussion) from 8 July 2003, you mention your own work-in-progress on the issue of covariates in mixture models (specifically, on why it is advisable to include covariates in a mixture model, and why failure to do so results in incorrect classification). Have you been able to publish this work yet? I'd be very grateful for a reference, or for hints towards related literature.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, April 05, 2006 - 8:08 am
Following is the reference:
Muth�n, B. (2004). Latent variable analysis: Growth mixture modeling and related techniques for longitudinal data. In D. Kaplan (ed.), Handbook of quantitative methodology for the social sciences (pp. 345-368). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
This paper can be downloaded from the website.
Annie Desrosiers
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 7:42 am
Two questions about LCA :
1.Can I do LCA on nominal variables?
2.If yes, can I compute Model Fits and how, to know if my model is good?
I know that I have to choose the lowest BIC to choose how many classes, but I want to be sure that my model is good even that the BIC is low!!
Thank You
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 7:49 am
1. Yes.
2. You would use the same strategy to decide on the number of classes as with any other latent class indicators. See the Muthen paper in the Kaplan handbook.
Annie Desrosiers
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 8:31 am
Thank you,
But to publish, we need model fits like Pearson or likelihood ratio chi-square statistics.
Is it possible with this kind of test?
I try the sampstat to compute model fits but it doesn�t work�
Thanks again
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 8:45 am
You will find Pearson and LR chi-square tests for the categorical outcomes (also nominal) in the output.
Annie Desrosiers
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 8:54 am
Sorry to be so demanding but I don�t see anywhere the word Pearson in the output?
Do I have to specified something in the output or in the analysis?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 9:13 am
You must not have categorical (or nominal) outcomes. If you do, send your input, output, data, and license number to
Annie Desrosiers
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 10:13 am
The thing is that I know how many classes are in my model. But, I want to know if the model is good with some statistics fits. (rsmea, Pearson, Chi-square, etc).
In the output, I see AIC, BIC and Entropy.
There's no Pearson or Chi-square test.
How can I find those fits (tech...)
variable: name are id a1-a10;
usevariables are a1-a10;
auxiliary = id;
classes = c(4);
nominal = a1-a10;
missing = . ;
analysis: type = mixture missing;
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 14, 2006 - 10:19 am
Please send your input, data, output, and license number to
Danielle Ramo
posted on Wednesday, March 21, 2007 - 12:02 pm
I am working on An LCA with one covariate. When I run the model without the covariate, the output includes Conditional Response Probabilities ("RESULTS IN PROBABILITY SCALE"). However, when I include the coavariate in the model, the output does not include this section. Is there a way in Version 4.1 to get this?
Thank you.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, March 21, 2007 - 3:33 pm
No, the probability conversion is given only for models without covariates.
Todd B. Kashdan
posted on Saturday, July 28, 2007 - 6:22 am
Is there a reference someone can suggest for the benefit of BIC over AIC in comparing models?
If you have one, please email me at
Todd B. Kashdan, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Psychology
George Mason University
Mail Stop 3F5
Fairfax, VA 22030
Office number: 703-993-9486
Fax number: 703-993-1359
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Saturday, July 28, 2007 - 8:25 am
There is literature comparing the two for mixture models; see for instance the Nylund et al paper on the Mplus web site. But I can't think of papers off hand in non-mixture cases.
Matthew Cole
posted on Sunday, July 29, 2007 - 2:20 pm
Here are two BIC references I just used for a recent manuscript using LCA:
Li, W., & Nyholt, D. R. (2001). Marker selection by Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion. Genetic Epidemiology, 21, S272-S277
Raftery, A. E. (1995/2004). Bayesian model selection in social research. In: P.V. Marsden (Ed.), Sociological Methodology. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
posted on Thursday, November 29, 2007 - 5:17 am
Good morning. The following statement appears in the User's guide in relation to the use of the Tech11 option: "it is recommended when using
starting values that they be chosen so that the last class is the largest
class." Could you please provide an example of the syntax that would be used to specify that the last class is the largest class? Thank you.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Thursday, November 29, 2007 - 6:35 am
To do this, you use the ending values for the parameters in the class that you want to be last as starting values for the parameters in the last class in a subsequent analysis. There are several examples in Chapter 7 of how to assign starting values to the parameters in different classes.
posted on Wednesday, December 12, 2007 - 8:15 am
I'm sorry to be a bother. What command do I use to obtain info on the ending values?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, December 12, 2007 - 10:13 am
If by ending values you mean the parameter estimates you will see those in the output. Perhaps you mean the estimated class probabilities which are obtained using the "CPROB" option.
Joan W.
posted on Tuesday, September 21, 2010 - 11:45 am
According to the Mplus manual, entropy is calculated using the formula in Ramaswamy et al. (1993). Since this formula involves taking the logarithm of posterior probability for each class, I was wondering how this is defined for a posterior probability score of zero? Thanks.
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, September 21, 2010 - 5:37 pm
I think the log of 0 is negative infinity but this value is multiplied by zero so it falls out of the calculation.
Kate Williams
posted on Wednesday, March 06, 2013 - 2:27 pm
Hi there
I have completed an LCA and the results makes substantive sense, there is a strong entropy value and correct classification is very high so that's great. However, I have read that I should check LCA results under four conditions being:
I wonder if I could have some guidance on which is the 'default' in MPlus - I have used very simple LCA language, and how I would specify and estimate the other three?
Thanks so much,
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, March 06, 2013 - 2:54 pm
Are your outcomes categorical or continuous? Where have you read about these conditions?
Kate Williams
posted on Sunday, March 10, 2013 - 6:24 pm
The indicator variables in my LCA are continuous (so I should have posted under LPA, very sorry). I read about these conditions in the work of Katherine Masyn from Harvard. Perhaps I should just be happy with my findings as in subsequent mediation models where the profile variable is used as the mediator (three profiles), models converge and results confirm hypotheses.
Can I also check in about using the profile variable (with categories 1, 2 and 3) as a continuous mediator in a path model. I note that it cannot be designated as categorical (as it actually is - although highly ordinal with higher values denoting more self-regulation problems), but I recall Linda suggesting in Hong Kong that if entropy and class classification were high it is acceptable to use class in this way in path models? Would you suggest any examples or references to strengthen my case?
Thanks so much for your time
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, March 11, 2013 - 10:37 am
The Mplus default for LPA with continuous outcomes is class-invariant, diagonal covariance matrices.
Using a latent class variable as a mediator involves a more complex analysis. Treating it as an observed ordinal or nominal variable involves understanding the modeling in
Muth�n, B. (2011). Applications of causally defined direct and indirect effects in mediation analysis using SEM in Mplus.
which is on our website under Papers, Mediational Modeling. Even if you have high entropy and use Most Likely Class membership plus treat it as ordinal, you can use the ordinary product formula for indirect effects only if you view the mediator as the continuous latent response variable behind the ordinal observed mediator. This needs WLSMV or Bayes estimation, while ML can't do that. Using ML, you can take the approach discussed in the paper above, where the observed variable is used as the mediator, treated either as ordinal or nominal.
Kate Williams
posted on Monday, March 11, 2013 - 7:32 pm
Thanks for the feedback, and the reminder of that paper. Thinking more carefully about my research question, I'd love to get your quick thoughts. I realise that my latent profile variable (ordinal 1, 2, 3) is actually really a predictor, or analogous to a 3-level treatment group I guess (levels of self-regulation problems in early childhood). It is not a mediator. In my path models I have only observed variables, no latents, rather I have assigned the coding for self-regulation problems based on an LPA conducted seperately.
I have three confounders - 2 are binary (maternal history of depression and child gender) and 1 is continous (socio economic disadvantage) - they confound the treatment group, the contnious outcome (middle childhood behaviour problems) and the continuous mediators (parenting).
Given the assumptions set out in the paper I could / should not be looking to claim causal mediation at all, or do you think I should give it a go using the model constraints as set out in the paper?
What are your thoughts on a fairly basic path analysis under the above conditions using WLSMV? Would modeldirect and indirect effects be trustworhty? So far the models converge, fit the data and interpretations of effect sizes (small) and directions make substantive sense. I just need to confirm for myself that I can defend the analysis methodology.
Thanks so much for your time
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, March 12, 2013 - 10:31 am
If you see your latent profile variable as predictor you may want to do a multiple-group analysis based on it. The confounders then have different effects in the different groups.
For each group you can have a mediation model if that is relevant.
I shouldn't go into suggesting analysis approaches without knowing much more and that is not the aim of Discussion.
Daniel Lee
posted on Tuesday, March 17, 2015 - 1:55 pm
Hi Dr. Muthen,
I have conducted a GMM and identified 4 latent class trajectories in a sample of 1500 participants. I noticed that I have less than 30 participants in one class (all other classes have over 200 participants). I wanted to do more analyses with class membership and am not sure what to do with the tiny class! Should I use the 3 class model instead? Or, should I refrain from conducting analyses on members within the tiny class?
Thank you!
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, March 17, 2015 - 3:51 pm
Does the small class have a substantive interpretation different from the other classes. Is it an important class?
Daniel Lee
posted on Tuesday, March 24, 2015 - 10:42 am
Hi Dr. Muthen, it's distinct with respect to intercept (intercept is middle of class 1 and class 3), but not slope (all negative, similar magnitude).
Would there be computational issues down the line if I run further analyses with a class that has a sample size less than 30, while all other classes have 500+? If so, do you know of any articles/books that I can refer to?
Thank you Dr. Muthen!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, March 24, 2015 - 11:43 am
A class of 30 isn't bad in itself, but you may have a hard time finding significant relationships between membership in this class and other variables.
Daniel Lee
posted on Wednesday, March 25, 2015 - 7:36 am
Thank you Dr. Muthen!
samah Zakaria Ahmed
posted on Sunday, January 29, 2017 - 12:38 pm
i have two latent class variables and 10 items (5 items for each
latent variable), all items are binary. how can i write the model
command to assign the items for each related latent class variable?
i tried to write:
c1 by u1-u5
c2 by v1-v5
but i found warning message and it doesn't run.
please, help
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Sunday, January 29, 2017 - 3:15 pm
See UG example 7.14.
samah Zakaria Ahmed
posted on Monday, January 30, 2017 - 4:44 am
Thanks... i read that example and did it on my dataset.
but i have another problem:
in my dataset the relation between c1 and c2 has one direction, i.e: only c1 has an effect on c2 (both c1 & c2 are two categorical latent variables)
how can i write this on my input file?
i tried c2 on c1...but i found error message and it doesn't run.
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Monday, January 30, 2017 - 3:13 pm
We need to see your full output. Send to Support along with your license number.
posted on Friday, February 24, 2017 - 9:38 am
Does MPlus have the capability to create a line graph for the item probabilities of the 3 latent classes I found?
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, February 24, 2017 - 4:57 pm
Yes. Use
Plot: Type = Plot3;
and look for a choice of plotting estimated probabilities.
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text:
Bear Creek Mountain Resort & Conference Center
Bear Creek Mountain Resort & Conference Center 101 Doe Mountain La., Macungie, Pa. (143 miles from Baltimore) 866-754-2822 or bcmountainresort.com Less than three hours from Baltimore, Bear Creek Mountain Resort offers 21 trails and seven lifts on 86 acres. Located in scenic Berks County, the resort has something for every level of skier, from beginner to expert. What's new: Specials on evening lift tickets and equipment rentals. What it costs: For adults, lift tickets range from $34 to $47 on weekdays and $50 to $62 on weekends. Youth/senior lift tickets range from $34 to $53.
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Copyright © 2018, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


text:
Lockport Council's refusal to rename park for Parete irks classmate
LOCKPORT – The president of Buffalo Police Officer Patricia Parete's Lockport High School graduating class angrily denounced city officials Thursday for refusing to rename a park in her memory.
Joseph DiPasquale, who had suggested the idea, accused city leaders of refusing to honor Parete because she was "an out lesbian."
Mayor Michael W. Tucker firmly denied the accusation. "Sexual orientation never came up in any conversation we ever had," he said. "To answer your question, no."
He insisted the reason the Common Council turned down renaming Rogers Avenue Park for Parete was the Council's concern over how to honor other fallen heroes. "We want to do something for Patty Parete. It's just a matter of finding the right thing to do," he said. "I think what the Council struggles with is not being disrespectful to others, trying to find a balance."
After a phone call to Tucker, which DiPasquale described as "an argument," DiPasquale continued to insist, "Lockport doesn't want to name a park after a lesbian."
"There was no good reason not to do it, and he couldn't give me one, either," said DiPasquale, who now lives in Buffalo. He was the president of the Class of 1983 at Lockport High, which included Parete.
"To dismiss this as having nothing to do with homophobia is naive at best," he said.
DiPasquale was angered when he read Thursday in The Buffalo News that the Council had turned down the park-naming idea.
The Council offered to name a fountain in Outwater Park after Parete, although the fountain hasn't worked for several years.
Aldermen suggested that Parete's friends could take on the job of fixing the fountain or removing it and placing a suitable memorial on the site.
DiPasquale called the suggestion "disrespectful" and promised to pack Wednesday's 6 p.m. Council meeting with opponents of what he deemed "this diabolical, ridiculous, nonsensical decision."
"At the end of the day, they [the Council] will do something for Patty," Tucker said. "It seems that for (DiPasquale), it's the park or nothing."
Tucker "told me people in Lockport don't like change," DiPasquale said. "I grew up in Lockport. I know that."
"Nobody likes change," Tucker said.
DiPasquale said he thinks part of the problem was that Parete left Lockport and was a Buffalo police officer when she was shot while she and another officer were trying to break up a fight at a South Elmwood Avenue convenience store.
Parete, 48, died Feb. 2 after more than six years as a quadriplegic.
"It's my hometown as much as anyone's," DiPasquale said. "You leave the city limits, and you can't come home? That's a very provincial attitude."
"We don't care if Patty died in Buffalo, was a Buffalo cop," Tucker said, "She was a Lockport resident. It's really irrelevant."
The Council turned down a suggestion in 2011 from the family of Spc. Albert R. Jex, a soldier killed in Iraq, to name an Erie Canal bridge after him.
Several aldermen noted that the city has not honored Jeffrey Incardona, a Niagara County sheriff's deputy killed in a patrol car crash in 1993 as he was rushing to aid a Lockport officer who had been shot. His family never requested a memorial.
Tucker said the Lockport School Board has encountered resistance to a suggestion that North Park Junior High School should be renamed to honor Aaron A. Mossell, an African-American businessman who in 1876 persuaded the then-School Board to close Lockport's blacks-only school and integrate the city's public schools.
The board had planned to name a committee to study renaming the school for Mossell, but the board member who was going to serve on the panel was defeated in the May 21 election, so the matter has been shelved until the new board takes office in July.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Team Seeks First Road Win
NEW HAVEN, Conn. – The Yale women's ice hockey team kicks off a stretch of four straight games on the road with its longest trek of the year this weekend. The Bulldogs make the 500-mile journey to western Pennsylvania to play a pair of games at No. 9 Mercyhurst (Friday 3:00, Saturday 2:00). There, they will face a Lakers team that is third in the country in both scoring offense (5.00 goals per game) and scoring defense (1.12 goals per game).
Yale (1-8-0, 1-5-0 ECAC Hockey) continues to be led by youth, as three of the team's top five scorers are sophomores and one (leading scorer forward Stephanie Mock (Cape Coral, Fla.), 1-4-5) is a freshman. The freshmen and sophomore classes accounted for 10 of Yale's 16 healthy skaters this past weekend.
The Bulldogs' top goal scorer is sophomore forward Jackie Raines (London, Ont.), who scored a pair in the team's 3-2 overtime win vs. Union last Friday to bring her season total to four. That included the game-winner, helping the Bulldogs to their first victory of the season. Mock and Raines have been united with sophomore forward Jenna Ciotti (Manotick, Ont.) to form Yale's top scoring line the past two games.
With four of the team's defensemen injured, the Bulldogs have had to improvise their defensive pairings. Sophomore forward Ashley Dunbar (Hillsborough, N.J.) played defense last weekend, picking up her first assist of the season in the process. Junior defenseman Natalie Wedell (Arden Hills, Minn.) also got her first assist of the year.
Senior goaltender Genny Ladiges (Almonte, Ont.) continues to be busy. After making 29 saves for the win Friday, she made a career-high 47 Saturday in a loss to RPI -- the second time in the last four games she has made more than 40 saves in a game. Ladiges allowed only three even-strength goals over the weekend.
Mercyhurst (6-2-0, 0-0-0 CHA) has a potent offense that is led by forward Bailey Bram, who has nine goals in eight games for the fourth-best goals-per-game average in the country. Bram, who has played for Canada's Under-22 team, was a 2010 Kazmaier Award Top 10 Finalist. Five-foot-11 forward Kelley Steadman, who was named to the U.S. National Team for the 2011 IIHF Women's World Championship, is right behind Bram with eight goals. Forwards Christine Bestland, who played for Canada's Under-18 team, and Jess Jones are tied for the team lead with eight assists. Defensemen Molly Byrne (0-6-6) and Jill Szandzik (1-5-6) both have six points from the blue line.
Five of Bram's goals have come on the power play, where the Lakers lead the country with a 36.4 percent success rate (12 for 33). The Lakers also lead the nation in penalty killing (93.3 percent, 28 for 30) and have scored three short-handed goals. Goalie Hillary Pattenden leads the nation in save percentage (.957) and is third in the country in goals-against average (1.13). She has four shutouts in seven games.
Friday and Saturday's games are part of doubleheaders, with the Mercyhurst men's team playing Bentley each night at 7:05 p.m.
- Live stats Friday and Saturday
- Yale stats
- Mercyhurst stats
- Directions to Mercyhurst Ice Center
- Ticket Information
- ECAC Hockey Website
- Yale Athletics on Twitter
- Yale Women's Ice Hockey on Twitter
Report by Sam Rubin '95 (email@example.com), Yale Sports Publicity


text:
Harmonic Convergence and
Earthquakes Part 2
Kevin J. Todeschi
New Age catastrophe advocates received a new date to consider when new psychic predictions announced that January 11, 1992 would herald in the dawning of personal enlightenment. Although this prophecy (dubbed "11:11" because of numerological factors) did not necessarily suggest there would be earth changes – resembling instead the vibrational activities of the Harmonic Convergence – many believed that some type of physical change would occur nonetheless.
Beginning in the winter/spring of 1993, my office was inundated with phone calls regarding the latest prediction that the California quake would inevitably occur on or before May 9, 1993. The prediction received only minor media attention but the number of metaphysically-oriented individuals familiar with the claim was astounding. In March, I had a verbal argument with one man who was very angry that A.R.E. wasn't "broadcasting" the information about the quake, allowing individuals to "get out" and therefore save themselves. Finally, when it became clear that we were finding no point of agreement, I suggested that the person call me back on May 10. The call never came.
For decades, much hype surrounded the year 1998 as being very significant. In fact, for years many speakers affiliated with the Cayce work seemed to imply that something physical would definitely happen between 1958 and 1998 – a forty-year period which the Cayce readings saw as being extremely significant. I remember stating in my own lectures that I would be glad when December 31, 1998 finally passed so that people could get over their earthquake fascination – I was naïve in my estimation. The year 2000 only bought with it more potential prophecies and now the year 2012 is lining up to be even more anticipatory for the earth change enthusiasts.
What if we are all looking at this material wrong? What if we really need to understand that the changes have already occurred? What if we need to get on with our lives, and our real mission of transforming the earth?
Kevin Todeschi is A.R.E.'s Executive Director and CEO. As both student and teacher of the Edgar Cayce material for thirty years, he is the author of over twenty books, including his most recent, God In Real Life: Personal Encounters with the Divine, and the bestselling Edgar Cayce on the Akashic Records. Known for his ability to explain complex subjects in a straightforward and easy to understand manner, Kevin is popular for his insight and his sense of humor.
Copyright 2009, Kevin J. Todeschi


text:
Next: Custom time format, Up: Creating timestamps
When Org mode prompts for a date/time, the default is shown in default date/time format, and the prompt therefore seems to ask for a specific format. But it will in fact accept date/time information in a variety of formats. Generally, the information should start at the beginning of the string. Org mode will find whatever information is in there and derive anything you have not specified from the default date and time. The default is usually the current date and time, but when modifying an existing timestamp, or when entering the second stamp of a range, it is taken from the stamp in the buffer. When filling in information, Org mode assumes that most of the time you will want to enter a date in the future: if you omit the month/year and the given day/month is before today, it will assume that you mean a future date1. If the date has been automatically shifted into the future, the time prompt will show this with '(=>F).'
For example, let's assume that today is June 13, 2006. Here is how various inputs will be interpreted, the items filled in by Org mode are in bold.
3-2-5 ⇒ 2003-02-05 2/5/3 ⇒ 2003-02-05 14 ⇒ 2006-06-14 12 ⇒ 2006-07-12 2/5 ⇒ 2007-02-05 Fri ⇒ nearest Friday after the default date sep 15 ⇒ 2006-09-15 feb 15 ⇒ 2007-02-15 sep 12 9 ⇒ 2009-09-12 12:45 ⇒ 2006-06-13 12:45 22 sept 0:34 ⇒ 2006-09-22 00:34 w4 ⇒ ISO week four of the current year 2006 2012 w4 fri ⇒ Friday of ISO week 4 in 2012 2012-w04-5 ⇒ Same as above
Furthermore you can specify a relative date by giving, as the first thing in the input: a plus/minus sign, a number and a letter ([hdwmy]) to indicate change in hours, days, weeks, months, or years. With a single plus or minus, the date is always relative to today. With a double plus or minus, it is relative to the default date. If instead of a single letter, you use the abbreviation of day name, the date will be the Nth such day, e.g.:
+0 ⇒ today . ⇒ today +4d ⇒ four days from today +4 ⇒ same as above +2w ⇒ two weeks from today ++5 ⇒ five days from default date +2tue ⇒ second Tuesday from now -wed ⇒ last Wednesday
The function understands English month and weekday abbreviations. If
you want to use unabbreviated names and/or other languages, configure
the variables
parse-time-months and
Not all dates can be represented in a given Emacs implementation. By default
Org mode forces dates into the compatibility range 1970–2037 which works on
all Emacs implementations. If you want to use dates outside of this range,
read the docstring of the variable
You can specify a time range by giving start and end times or by giving a start time and a duration (in HH:MM format). Use one or two dash(es) as the separator in the former case and use '+' as the separator in the latter case, e.g.:
11am-1:15pm ⇒ 11:00-13:15 11am--1:15pm ⇒ same as above 11am+2:15 ⇒ same as above
Parallel to the minibuffer prompt, a calendar is popped up2. When you exit the date prompt, either by clicking on a date in the calendar, or by pressing <RET>, the date selected in the calendar will be combined with the information entered at the prompt. You can control the calendar fully from the minibuffer:
<RET> Choose date at cursor in calendar. mouse-1 Select date by clicking on it. S-<RIGHT>/<LEFT> One day forward/backward. S-<DOWN>/<UP> One week forward/backward. M-S-<RIGHT>/<LEFT> One month forward/backward. > / < Scroll calendar forward/backward by one month. M-v / C-v Scroll calendar forward/backward by 3 months. M-S-<DOWN>/<UP> Scroll calendar forward/backward by one year.
The actions of the date/time prompt may seem complex, but I assure you they will grow on you, and you will start getting annoyed by pretty much any other way of entering a date/time out there. To help you understand what is going on, the current interpretation of your input will be displayed live in the minibuffer3.
[1] See the
org-read-date-prefer-future. You may set that variable to
the symbol
time to even make a time before now shift the date to
[2] If
you don't need/want the calendar, configure the variable
[3] If you find this distracting, turn the display off with


text:
Mary Bigham Knox, 95, a resident of Gettysburg, Pa., and a longtime resident of Blue Ridge Summit, Pa., died Monday evening, March 18, 2013, at St. Catherine's Nursing Center in Emmitsburg, Md., where she had lived since 2011.
Born Feb. 11, 1918, in Gettysburg, Mary was the daughter of the late James L. and Beulah F. (Horner) Bigham.
She grew up on the family farm in Freedom Township. She graduated from Gettysburg High School and from the Episcopal Hospital School of Nursing in Philadelphia as a registered nurse.
She began her career working at the New York City Hospital as a hospital nurse. On July 28, 1941, she married Frederick V. Knox in Baltimore, Md. During World War II, while her husband was overseas in the Navy, she worked at Johns Hopkins Hospital. At the end of the war, she became a full-time mother, and she and her husband raised four children. She returned to work in 1963 as a nurse at Western Maryland Center in Hagerstown, Md., until retiring in 1983.
She was a member of St. Rita's Catholic Church while she lived in Blue Ridge Summit. After the death of her husband in 1987, she moved to Gettysburg. She was a member of St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church in Gettysburg.
She enjoyed gardening and growing flowers. She loved the beauty of nature, the outdoors and animals of all kinds. She especially enjoyed spending time with her grandchildren.
Mary is survived by her four children, Frederick Knox Jr. and his wife, Darnell, of Nashville, Tenn., Theodore Knox and his wife, Lauralee, of Gettysburg, David Knox and his wife, Renee, of Gettysburg, and Mary Sue Knox of Raleigh, N.C.; her six grandchildren, Frederick Knox III, Jennifer Knox, Theo Knox, August Knox, Richard Turner and Haley Quillen-Knox; three great-grandchildren; and several nieces and nephews.
In addition to her parents and husband, she was preceded in death by two sisters, Margaret Bigham Bietler and Eleanor Stoops Mueller; and two brothers, James W. Bigham and Kenneth Bigham.
A Mass of Christian burial will be Saturday, March 23, 2013, at 10 a.m. at St. Francis Xavier Catholic Church, 25 W. High St., Gettysburg, with the Rev. Bernardo Pistone as celebrant. Burial will be in St. Mary's Cemetery, Fairfield, Pa.
The family will receive friends Friday, March 22, 2013, from 6 to 8 p.m. at Monahan Funeral Home, 125 Carlisle St., Gettysburg.
Online condolences may be made at www.monahanfuneralhome.com.


text:
Visitation returns
Visitation is the process by which the bishop and archdeacons supervise the work of the clergy and churchwardens in the parishes of the diocese. It was used by medieval bishops chiefly as a means of maintaining discipline in the religious houses in their dioceses. At the height of its powers in the 16th and 17th centuries however, the ecclesiastical discipline exercised in the visitation process extended over the maintenance of church fabric as well as disciplinary matters (i.e. concerning the morals and behaviour of the clergy and laity). Later visitations were more concerned with church fabric, repairs and income.
Records arising from the visitation process include visitation books, sometimes called call books, compiled by inspecting officials, and comprising mainly lists of clergy and churchwardens summoned to attend the visitation. Depending on date, they may also include details of presentments made and any remedial action taken, and a record of correction cases heard at the visitation.
In the 18th century, more detailed clergy visitation returns were also drawn up by local clergymen, in response to articles of enquiry issued by the diocese. Information given may include details of the size and population of parishes, names of patrons, curates and teachers, as well as the numbers of religious dissenters. They may also contain details of parish schools and charities, and on the state of repair of churches, churchyards and parsonage houses, services held and records kept.


text:
To pimp and/or being a player. Showin' off after workin' it.
"Now every since I could remember I been poppin my collar
Every since I could remember I been working this hoes
And they betta put my money in my hand" -- Three 6 Mafia
Every since I could remember I been working this hoes
And they betta put my money in my hand" -- Three 6 Mafia
by D-Munney February 16, 2006
That's urban slang for pimpin', stunnin', or lookin' fly made popular by the rap group 3 six mafia. Or if someone wants their respect or recognition for doing something. Kind of like when the Fonze on 'Happy Days' use to turn his collar up to be cool.
Ever since I was a kid I been poppin' my collar.
by ne0aes0p August 02, 2006
"ever since i can remember i been poppin my collar" -three 6 mafia
by lauren brackenbury May 15, 2006
buy the domain for your diy site
Poppin' My Collar is the best song by Three 6 Mafia, and one of the better rap songs to come out in a while. The remix with Project Pat is the hottest version of the song. If you don't have this song you better go out right now and buy it.
Yo, you gotta listen to Three 6 Mafia's song Poppin' My Collar.
by Payton L July 15, 2006
a white person trying to be black will pop his collar
by Alex Ducky October 10, 2006


text:
In an interview with MLSsoccer.com, LA Galaxy head coach Bruce Arena stated that it is "not likely" that goalkeeper Josh Saunders will return to the LA Galaxy after turning down several contract offers "in the last year."
With Saunders on the way out, it seems likely that the starting goalkeeper role will fall to Carlo Cudicini who was signed last week. Arena told MLSsoccer.com, that he had kept tabs on Cudicini for a number of years and spoke to his goalkeeper during the 2002 World Cup, former U.S. international Brad Friedel about the impact that he could have in MLS.
"I think we have a tremendously experienced goalkeeper," Arena told MLSsoccer.com. "He's extremely fit for his age. I don't have any concerns about that. I think he's got a lot of class. I think he's an outstanding goalkeeper, and he's going to be great with our backline and helping with the communication and organization."
Cudicini will likely be one of four goalkeepers in preseason camp for the Galaxy as Arena confirmed during his interview that the club has come to an agreement with back-up Brian Perk while third goalkeeper Brian Rowe willl return to the club. Meanwhile, the LA Galaxy continue to hold the rights to veteran goalkeeper William Hesmer.