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The Arts and Science Center for Southeast Arkansas is launching two new in-gallery art education initiatives to coincide with the opening of two new exhibitions on Thursday.
The Arts and Science Center for Southeast Arkansas is launching two new in-gallery art education initiatives to coincide with the opening of two new exhibitions on Thursday.
The first program allows visitors to pick up art cards featuring works currently displayed in galleries. The cards are divided into two series: one explores the elements of art � line, shape, form, texture, space and color; and the other examines how these elements are used in composition � the principles of art, such as balance and emphasis. Because these cards apply the concepts directly to works in the gallery, young visitors will gain the skills not only to recognize elements and principles of art, but to apply this knowledge to reading other works of art. Visitors will be allowed to take these cards home.
The second initiative is an art education space that promotes family and literacy. In the new exhibition, �Abstractions,� which features a selection of abstracted works from the Arts and Science Center�s Permanent Collection, there will be a cozy reading area with armchairs, a coffee table, and books for all ages on abstract art.
Art education is generously sponsored by Pine Bluff National Bank.
The center, located at 701 Main St., is open 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, 1-4 p.m. Saturday and is closed on Sunday. Support for the center is provided in part by the Arkansas Arts Council, an agency of the Department of Arkansas Heritage, and the National Endowment for the Arts. Hands-on science exhibits are offered through the center�s partnership with Arkansas Discovery Network, a consortium of seven museums in Arkansas funded by the Donald W. Reynolds Foundation.
For more information, contact the center at 870-536-3375, email@example.com or visit the website at www.artssciencecenter.org.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Yesterday, we talked about having a blogger's writing block and how I figured out I wasn't using the best
writing method for me. Part 1: Included insight from Joey Strawn. Today's post delves into Andrea Olson's thoughtful method and Lynn Terry's structured method.
Andrea Olson- Most Eloquent Blogger
"I usually build them around a fully-formed phrase or sentence that comes to me. Then I sit down at the computer & write the rest."
Rather than forcing her writing, Andrea blogs from the heart. Her posts are deep and thoughtful and I love her blog http://amultitudeofthings.com. She creates great conversations and most of her posts are relatively short but full of content. Check out her blog for an example of how to do this internet thing right. She's also on Twitter.
Lynn Terry- Most Honest Answer
Last week while having lunch with me, Lynn and I were discussing transcribing and writing and blogging. I emailed her to follow up on something she said during lunch. Her answer is very thorough so I'm cutting and pasting it to ensure you get it all.
"Anytime I have an idea for a blog post, I put that idea into a draft in WordPress. It might be a keyword phrase and a few thoughts, or just a general idea, and then I save it. That way I can access it and finish working on it from any device – my iPad, my Droid X, Macbook or PC.
I currently have over 500 drafts in WordPress, so I usually start with one of those when I sit down to blog. Other times I'll get a creative idea and just write, edit & publish a blog post all in one sitting.
I'm a stickler for formatting. I usually do all of my formatting before I even write the blog post. I create the title, choose the keyword phrase, place the image, put in the signature and P.S. etc – all before the actual content is written. You can see my process at: http://www.clicknewz.com/1993/how-to-write-a-blog-post (which also serves as a visual example)."
Follow the above link to Lynn's blog. I take no responsibility for the number of hours you stay on her site soaking up all of her brilliance. When you get done, make your way to her Facebook Fan Page.
Have you picked up any tricks from these methods?
P.S. Tomorrow's post features John Morgan and John Navin to wrap up this 3 part post.


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pompieri (pomp-ee-air-ee) m. Italian noun meaning firefighters, firemen.
Neapolitan-style pizza about 12" in diameter, with charred edges,
some sparse toppings, served whole & super delicious
We're a casual Neapolitan pizza restaurant with a fine-dining approach to the food. We make just about everything from scratch. We use as many locally sourced ingredients as possible and as seasonally as possible. Our pizza is handmade and wood-fired, created around a core of flavors. We change the pizzas from time to time and with the seasons. We're ready to take you on a culinary journey and wow you with the most simple of flavors to the more complex. Adventurous or not, we have a pizza for you.
- We make everything we possibly can in house.
- We support the community which supports us.
- We create a work environment where employees are satisfied with their job.
- We support farmers in our community using 100% pasture-raised meats and other locally sourced ingredients.
- We eat. We drink. We live life through food and with friends & family.
Join us.
We've got great grab-n-go gift packs at the restaurant featuring our sauces, pasta and house made croutons. Or you can find other gift ideas on our Merch page. Share the love of Neapolitan Pizza this season, and your friends and family will be glad you did.
Give the Gift of Pizza
We make gift cards and send them out to your favorite pizza eating friends. Order here
We are Neapolitan Pizza - Lunch & Dinner
our 12"-ish thin crust pizzas are a baked at 800°F in Italian wood ovens like the original pizza 200+ years ago
Before Pizza
Zeppino Sandwiches Served Daily until 3 PM for Lunch
A European-style, thin sandwich with a chewy, wood oven baked crust, highly flavorful fillings and salad green toppings served warm from the oven.
The Classic $9
fresh house-made mozzarella cheese, fresh basil leaves and slices of Prosciutto di Parma topped with Red's Quality Acre salad greens, Balsamic vinegar and lemon olive oil
The Southern $8
house-cured bacon slices, Fontina cheese and Bourbon glazed onions with Red's Quality Acre salad greens, vinegar and garlic olive oil
The Sausage Crumbler $8
house-made mozzarella, crumbled pasture-raised Italian pork sausage, marinara and Red's Quality Acre salad greens, vinegar and garlic olive oil
The Veggie Slam $7
oven roasted vegetables topped with Red's Quality Acre salad greens, olive oil and balsamic vinegar (vegan)
The Mighty Melanzana $8
pan seared eggplant, Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, roasted peppers with Red's Quality Acre salad greens, Balsamic vinegar and basil olive oil
The Saucy Formaggio $6
house-made mozzarella, Parmigiano-Reggiano, marinara, olive oil - add basil or mixed salad greens by request
The Pizza
Classic Margherita $12
red sauce, house made mozzarella, basil and sicilian olive oil (V)
Marinara $8
red sauce, garlic, oregano and sicilian olive oil (no cheese & vegan)
White Florian $13
white pizza - garlic, ricotta, pecorino and house made mozzarella with lemon oil (V)
Drunken Horse $14
beer pizza crust, rich red sauce, spicy pasture-raised pork italian sausage, house made mozzarella & sicilian olive oil
Pompieri $13
rich red sauce, peppadews, house made mozzarella & chili olive oil (V)
Cured Meat $15
rich red sauce, cured meat of the day, house made mozzarella, arugula & sicilian olive oil (see menu for today's feature)
Mushroom Ragu $13
marinara, mushroom ragu, Pecorino-Romano & mushroom olive oil (V)
Veggie Pie
changes daily, see menu for today's pizza (V)
Pork Belly $15
roasted garlic, porky red sauce, slow roasted pork belly, parmigiano-reggiano cheese, pork skin & garlic olive oil
BC Pie $14
roasted garlic, mushrooms, caramelized onions, rosemary, goat cheese & Sicilian olive oil (V)
The Barry White $13
vegan white cashew sauce, roasted red peppers, chopped spinach, vegan mozzarella, olive oil (Vegan)
Celebrate a birthday with us!
We offer two options to help you celebrate.
All of our regular desserts look great with a candle, or...
Ganache smothered chocolate cake awesomeness (requires at least 24 hours notice with prepayment)
Small serves 8-12 people $35.00
Large serves 14-20 people $65.00
*no outside food or
drink please*
We offer two options to help you celebrate.
All of our regular desserts look great with a candle, or...
Ganache smothered chocolate cake awesomeness (requires at least 24 hours notice with prepayment)
Small serves 8-12 people $35.00
Large serves 14-20 people $65.00
*no outside food or
drink please*
We work with local farmers and only source pasture-raised meats.
FARM FRESH - Back to Scratch - We make everything in house
The mission is simple. Make everything we can - the crust, the sauce, the mozzarella cheese, the pepperoni, the gelato, the...
When do we got pizza?
We Open Tuesday - Sunday at 11:12 AM for lunch and dinner
We close Tuesday - Thursday at 10 PM, Friday & Saturday 10:30 PM, Sunday 9 PM
We serve all you can eat, family-meal pizza*, Sunday between 4:30 PM and 6:30 PM
*must be adventurous and willing to try exciting bold flavors and unusual combinations at the chef's whims.
Address & Phone:
102 City Hall Plaza, Downtown Durham, NC 27701 (Entrance on Mangum street next to City Hall)
(919) 973-1589 - we do offer pizza to go and ask you to place the order in the restaurant please. We are not able to take phone orders.
Parking downtown:
Durham has plenty of street parking with meters and an app for using them, plus four city parking lots within a block or less. Parking is free after 7 PM and all weekend. Otherwise just $1.00 - 1.50 per hour in the city lots and streets.


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Lineages tend to retain ecological characteristics of their ancestors through time. However, for some traits, selection during evolutionary history may have also played a role in determining trait values. To address the relative importance of these processes requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate the combined influences of evolutionary heritage and selection in determining trait variation. We used trait data related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees (e.g. growth and mortality rates) from 577 inventory plots in closed-canopy forest, mapped onto a phylogenetic hypothesis spanning more than 300 genera including all major angiosperm clades to test for evolutionary constraints on traits. We found significant phylogenetic signal (PS) for all traits, consistent with evolutionarily related genera having more similar characteristics than expected by chance. Although there is also evidence for repeated evolution of pioneer and shade tolerant life-history strategies within independent lineages, the existence of significant PS allows clearer predictions of the links between evolutionary diversity, ecosystem function and the response of tropical forests to global change.
1. Introduction
Evolutionary heritage may act as a major constraint on the ecological roles that species in a lineage can occupy. Even under a random model of trait evolution where functional traits drift in state over time (e.g. a Brownian motion model), we would expect closely related species to have similar functional trait values and similar ecologies due to their shared common ancestry [1,2]. However, both divergent selection and convergent evolution lead to weaker relationships between species relatedness and their ecological similarity [1,3,4]. Hence, although it is often assumed that close relatives are more similar because they retain the ecological characteristics of their ancestors, in many clades the ancestral character state may not be conserved. Thus, rather than being simply assumed, the tendency of closely related species to have similar ecological characteristics needs to be tested.
The strength of the link between trait variation and phylogenetic relatedness has a wide range of implications for understanding ecological and evolutionary processes and can be measured by the magnitude of phylogenetic signal (PS) [1,2]. For example, if a selected trait has significant PS, the relatedness of species can help us to understand the underlying mechanisms that drive community structure [5–7]. The presence of significant PS also suggests that the sum of phylogenetic distances among species that occur within a community (i.e. phylogenetic diversity) is a useful proxy for functional diversity and that, in turn, phylogenies of tree taxa may contribute to understanding ecosystem function [8,9]. In addition, if trait values are more similar than expected by chance among closely related lineages, we can predict the trait values for species where trait data are not available.
Understanding the relative importance of evolutionary heritage versus selection in determining trait variation requires large-scale quantification of traits and evolutionary relationships among species. The Amazonian tree flora comprises a high diversity of angiosperm lineages and species with widely differing life-history characteristics, providing an excellent system to investigate these processes. Previous studies of the degree of PS among traits of tropical trees, such as seed mass, leaf structure and chemistry, trunk characteristics and range size, have shown variable results [6,7,10–13]. For example, some studies show significant PS [6,7,13], while for the same traits other studies have failed to detect any PS, with closely related species exhibiting rather different trait values [10,11]. A key limitation of many of these studies is the limited spatial and phylogenetic scale of study, as well as the resolution of the phylogeny that they have used [14]. Here, we explore patterns of PS at large spatial and phylogenetic scales using a sequence-based phylogeny to test whether there are significant levels of PS for four key traits related to the major axes of life-history variation among tropical trees: tree growth and mortality rates, wood density and potential tree size. These traits are related to resource acquisition and allocation, defence and dispersal ability [15,16] and represent important axes of functional variation which drive variation in plant performance and function in many ecosystems [17]. Moreover, those traits are strongly related to differences in carbon fluxes and storage among species [18]. As a result, understanding PS in these traits may help to understand and model ecosystem processes in such highly diverse tropical forests such as Amazonia, which may harbour more than 16 000 tree species [19].
Studying PS at large spatial scales is important because the scale of study affects the strength of PS. At small scales, patterns of PS can be obscured because co-occurring species represent just a small fraction of the species richness of clades [20,21]. Small spatial scales encompass limited environmental variation, so the species pool is limited to representatives of different lineages that may have similar ecological traits and environmental requirements: this pattern results in a smaller range in traits and low PS. The strength of this effect depends on how environmental variability changes with spatial scale, on the degree of habitat specialization by species and the proportion of clades that are sampled in small-scale studies [6,7]. However, in general, larger spatial scales incorporate greater environmental heterogeneity and encompass a larger number of lineages with a wider range of trait values. Inferring patterns of PS that are more representative of evolutionary trends therefore typically requires measurement across large spatial scales, including a wide range of environmental conditions and taxa from a broad array of clades [22].
The patterns of PS also depend on traits under investigation and their specific evolutionary history. Some traits may exhibit phylogenetic conservatism where traits in specific lineages are constrained to certain trait values. For example, complex traits, such as growth and mortality, may depend in complex ways on multiple, interacting gene loci [23,24] which impose strong constraints on trait variation. Alternatively, traits may show no PS because they are under strong selective pressure and/or because they show phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions [20,25].
Here, we use a large dataset of several hundred permanent forest plots that occur across a wide range of the environmental conditions from all nine Amazonian countries [26], to quantify key demographic traits of more than 300 lineages of tropical trees and explore the PS of these traits using recently published molecular genus- [13] and species-level phylogenies ([27], KG Dexter & RT Pennington 2013, unpublished data). By exploring how traits are correlated and the strength of PS, our goal is to address the fundamental question of whether repeated convergent and divergent evolution of life-history strategies has erased PS for life-history-related traits in tropical trees, or whether phylogenetic information can be used to understand ecosystem function in the world's most diverse and ecologically important forest.
2. Material and methods
(a) Plot data
This study used inventory data from all trees and palms greater than or equal to 10 cm diameter (DBH) in 577 forest plots from the RAINFOR forest plot network (figure 1; electronic supplementary material, S1) across lowland closed-canopy South American tropical forests. This network is centred on Amazonia and includes plots in forests on the Guiana Shield, in the Choco and northern South America; however, hereafter for simplicity we refer to this sampling region as 'Amazonia'. Plots are located in old growth, unlogged forests and range in size from 0.04 to 25 ha (most being 1 ha). They span a precipitation gradient from 1300 to 7436 mm yr−1 [28], a broad range of soil types [29], and are found below 500 m in elevation. Data were extracted from the ForestPlots.net database which curates tree-by-tree records from RAINFOR and other plot networks [26,30].
For productivity and mortality analyses, we used a subset of 257 repeated census plots with a minimum monitoring period of 2 years from 1962 to 2014. Mean census interval length is 4.4 years and plot mean total monitoring period is 9.9 years. During each census, all surviving trees and palms were measured, dead trees were documented and new trees with greater than or equal to 10 cm DBH were recorded. More detailed measurement methods and plot characteristics have been previously published (e.g. [31,32]). All recorded species and genus names were checked and standardized using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service [33]. We excluded all trees and palms not identified to genus level (7.9% of stems).
(b) Trait data
Trait mean values of potential tree size, mean and maximum growth rates, mortality rates and wood density were calculated at both the genus and species levels. Our main analyses were performed at the genus level and covered genera present in a recently published genus-level phylogeny for Amazonian trees [13]. Species-level trait data for those clades where we had species-level phylogenies with sufficient sampling of species in our dataset (more than 20 species): Burseraceae [27] and Inga (KG Dexter & RT Pennington 2013, unpublished data) were used to investigate whether patterns of PS at the genus level were consistent with species-level patterns. Species-level trait data were also used to account for intrageneric variation in the genus-level analyses of PS: the species-level data were used to calculate the standard error of each trait within each genus, and these values were incorporated into the calculations of PS (described below) [34]. In the methods below, all the details are given for trait values calculated at the genus level; similar calculations and methods were used at the species level.
Potential tree size, mean and maximum growth rates were all calculated in terms of tree diameter, basal area and biomass for each genus with at least 20 individuals across multiple censuses.
Potential tree size was estimated as the 95th percentile of the size distribution of all trees within each genus. For trees with multiple measurements, we selected the maximum size across different censuses to define these distributions. Tree above-ground biomass per stem was calculated using the pan-tropical, three parameter allometric equation (diameter, wood density and E) of Chave, Rejou-Mechain [35], which assumes that tree diameter–height relationships depend linearly on bioclimatic variables (E), where E is a measurement of environmental stress based on measures of temperature seasonality and precipitation seasonality derived from the WorldClim dataset [28] and a measure of Climatic Water Deficit extracted from a global gridded dataset [35]. Palm biomass was estimated using a palm-specific allometric equation based on diameter [36].
For each genus, we computed both mean growth rate and the 95th percentile of growth rates, to represent maximum growth rates within each genus, across all stems. To calculate these parameters, mean stem-level growth rate was first estimated as the mean growth per year across multiple censuses and maximum stem-level growth as the maximum growth rate per year calculated across multiple censuses. Trees with mean negative growth rates (0.9% of stems) were excluded in order to normalize the data (similar to [37]). We also excluded palms, which do not have secondary growth, nine trees exhibiting diameter growth greater than 80 mm yr−1 which may represent recording errors and stems where diameter measurements were not made using a tape measure (0.12% of all stems). If a change in the point of measurement (POM) was made during the measurement record of any given tree, we calculated growth rates using the arithmetic mean of the diameter measured at the original POM and the diameter at the new POM [38].
Mortality rates were estimated for all genera with a minimum of 100 individuals in the plot data, based on the number of individuals found alive in the initial and final censuses of each plot. To estimate average mortality rates within each genus, the survival probability of individual trees within each clade was modelled as an exponentially declining function of the monitoring period while accounting for variation in tree size [39,40].
To account for the wide range of environmental conditions across plots [29], we used mixed models to calculate genus-level values of potential tree size, mean and maximum growth rates and mortality rates while accounting for systematic variation in these parameters among plots [40] (see the electronic supplementary material, S2).
Wood density data were extracted from the Global Wood Density database [41,42] and average values calculated for each genus in the phylogeny [43].
(c) Trait correlations
To identify relationships among genus-level traits, we conducted a phylogenetic principal component analysis (PPCA) [44] including genera where we have a complete set of trait data. PPCA incorporates the expected correlation among traits due to their shared evolutionary history into the principal component analyses [45]. We standardized trait values to a mean of zero and unit variance to ensure that each trait contributed equally to the PPCA.
(d) Phylogenetic signal
In order to estimate PS for traits, we used Blomberg's K [1]. This metric quantifies the amount of variance in an observed trait in relation to the expected trait variance under a Brownian motion model of evolution [1,4]. Under this model of evolution, trait values drift randomly over time, with small changes being more likely than large changes within a given unit of time (trait values at t1 are chosen from a normal distribution centred on the trait value at t0). This model generates trait data where the covariance among trait values for taxa is proportional to the duration of their shared evolutionary history [4]. Values of K equal to 0 indicate that there is no PS, while K equal to 1 indicates high PS and is the expected value under a Brownian motion model of evolution. Intermediate values (0 < K < 1) indicate intermediate levels of PS. To assess significance in K, we recalculated K on the tree with randomized tips a thousand times, and compared the simulated values with the observed value of K. If the observed value fell outside the range given by 2.5–97.5 percentiles of the simulated values, this value was considered significant.
We accounted for intrageneric trait variation in the calculation of K by measuring the standard error for each genus, treating individual genera as species and intrageneric variation as intraspecific variation sensu [34]. For genera where the standard error could not be computed, we assigned the mean value of the standard error for all genera with estimates for multiple species [34]. Including this within-genus variation allows us to account for uncertainty in trait estimation (e.g. population variation and measurement error), improve parameter estimation and reduce bias in the calculation of PS [1,34].
We also calculated PS using Pagel's λ [46] in order to explore whether our results were dependent on the particular method used to calculate PS (see the electronic supplementary material, S3).
(e) Sensitivity analysis
To investigate whether our results were affected by the spatial scale of our study, we repeated our analyses using 26 plots within 55 km of each other near Manaus. Similarly, to verify whether our results were affected by our use of genus-level data, we conducted the same analyses at the species level for the genus Inga and the Protieae (Burseraceae). Likewise, to investigate whether the number of lineages included in the analyses affected the extent of PS, we repeated the calculations of PS with just the genera with a complete set of trait values (214).
Statistical analyses were performed in the R v. 3.1.1 program [47], using ape [48], phytools [44] and data.table [49] packages.
3. Results
(a) Trait data
All traits measured varied substantially among genera (table 1 and figure 2): wood density varied eightfold, potential size in tree diameter 12-fold, potential size in biomass 814-fold, maximum growth rates in tree diameter 23-fold, mean diameter growth rates 35-fold and mortality rates 275-fold. Overall, the trait values after correcting for environmental variation and those estimated directly from the database without accounting for variation among plots were highly correlated with each other (p < 0.001 in all cases and τ ranging from 0.59 to 0.79).
(b) Trait relationships
Trait associations among lineages were analysed with a PPCA: 83% of the variation in the four-dimensional space was accounted for by the first two axes (figure 3). The first axis (PPCA1) explained 52.8% of the variation and shows strong positive loadings for mortality and maximum growth rates, while wood density was negatively associated with this axis (electronic supplementary material, S4). PPCA1 thus represents a continuum from pioneer and light demanding lineages with low wood density and fast demographic traits (e.g. high mortality and growth rates) to non-pioneer lineages with high wood density and slow demographic rates. The second axis (PPCA2) explained 30.5% of the variation and was associated more closely with potential tree size, and reflects the variation from individuals of understory genera, to individuals of canopy and emergent lineages (figure 3).
(c) Phylogenetic signal
All traits and the first two PPCA axes exhibited significant PS, with closely related genera being more similar than expected by chance, using either Bloomberg's K (table 1) or Pagel's λ (electronic supplementary material, S3). Because estimates of Pagel's λ and Blomberg's K are strongly correlated and most studies of PS in tropical trees have focused on the K metric rather than λ, we focus our results and discussion on the calculations using Blomberg's K-value.
Traits showed significant and similar values for K, varying from 0.25 to 0.39 and from 0.17 to 0.27, with and without accounting for intrageneric variation, respectively. These K-values indicate that evolutionarily related genera tend to be more similar to each other, but less than expected under a BM model of evolution (table 1). Finally, removing the environmental contribution to trait variation did not substantially alter the magnitude of PS (table 1).
(d) Sensitivity analyses
Although using just the Manaus plot data significantly reduced the number of genera, species and individual trees included in the analyses, PS at smaller spatial scales showed similar patterns to PS calculated using the whole dataset (electronic supplementary material, S5). Similarly, reducing the number of lineages to genera we had all trait values showed congruent patterns of PS (electronic supplementary material, S5). In addition, all traits showed similar or slightly higher Blomberg's K values for just Inga or Protieae than for all taxa together (electronic supplementary material, S5).
4. Discussion
This is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate the extent of PS for traits that quantify the main axes of life-history variation in survival and growth of trees at such a large phylogenetic and spatial scale. Our results demonstrate that for Amazonian forests, closely related genera have similar life-history strategies, with all traits showing similar levels of PS (table 1 and figure 2; electronic supplementary material, S6). The similar level of PS found across all the different, correlated traits suggests that the main axes of life-history variation among lineages of Amazonian trees may represent the result of repeated evolution of a suite of coordinated functional characteristics.
(a) Relationships among traits
Strong correlations among traits were represented by two major axes of variation, which are likely to be associated with adaptations to horizontal and vertical light gradients. Ecological differences among species adapted to gaps versus the shaded understory or to the understory versus the canopy are well established as the principal axes of functional variation among tropical forest tree species [50,51]. The first axis runs from pioneer and light demanding genera with low wood density and fast demographic traits (e.g. high mortality and high growth rates) to shade tolerant genera with dense wood and slow demographic traits. The second axis represents variation in tree size and contrasts understorey genera, from lineages of canopy trees. For example, these axes distinguish Cecropia and Croton, classic pioneers with low wood density and fast demographic traits, from Hirtella—a typically dense-wooded and slow-growing understory genus of trees. Lineages of emergent trees which all achieve very large potential tree sizes (e.g. Bertholletia, Ceiba, Hura, Dipteryx), are also distinguished in this analysis by their different wood densities and growth rates (figure 3).
(b) Phylogenetic signal
Our results demonstrate significant levels of PS among demographic and structural traits of tropical trees, with Blomberg's K ranging from 0.25 to 0.39. This pattern suggests that evolutionary relationships provide useful information about the ecological similarity of these lineages. However, while our analyses of PS shows that evolutionarily related lineages have more similar traits than expected by chance, their values are lower than expected under a pure BM model of evolution (table 1 and figure 2) under which K-values would be close to 1. PS can be lower than expected under BM if there is convergent evolution across distantly related lineages and/or divergent selection among closely related groups [3,4]. This result therefore suggests that there has been repeated convergent evolution and/or divergent selection, along the two main axes of variation identified by the PPCA analysis (figure 3). This finding suggests that adaptations to light gaps, or understorey and canopy light environments, have repeatedly evolved within multiple lineages of tropical trees as shown by the different pioneer and shade tolerant genera within a series of unrelated families (e.g. Cecropia versus Brosimum (Urticaceae/Moraceae), Vismia versus Calophyllum (Clusiaceae) and Inga versus Dipteryx/Parkia (Fabaceae); figure 2).
(c) Sensitivity analyses
The PS found here for trees across lowland closed-canopy South American forests is generally stronger than previously reported in the literature for tropical forests in smaller scale analyses (electronic supplementary material, S7). In previous studies, some traits showed low but significant PS [6,7,13], while others have even found that traits are randomly dispersed over the phylogeny [10,11]. However, although K-values are standardized to allow comparison between traits and phylogenetic trees [1,4], direct comparisons of PS are affected by differences in the spatial and taxonomic scale of the studies, the number of lineages and the use of different kinds of phylogenies.
A first issue for comparing the extent of PS among studies is variation in spatial scales. However, here we show that the higher PS in this study is unlikely to be an artefact of our larger spatial scale: restricting our analyses to 26 plots around Manaus shows consistent patterns, with similar levels of PS for all traits compared to analyses for the whole Amazon (electronic supplementary material, S5).
Secondly, different numbers of lineages in different studies may play a role in determining variation in the extent of PS. Although Blomberg's K is efficient at detecting the strength of similarity among closely related lineages for sample sizes greater than 20 [1], the ability to detect different levels of PS may increase with larger sample sizes [52]. To address this issue, we conducted a set of analyses restricted to genera for which we had all trait values (214 genera). As estimates of K are highly consistent when we include fewer genera (electronic supplementary material, S5), it appears that the number of lineages is unlikely to have caused the observed trends of high levels of PS for our traits.
Thirdly, most of previous studies [6,7,10–12] were conducted at the species level, and taxonomic scale can also affect the degree of PS. PS in any trait may vary at different taxonomic scales; a single trait can have high similarity at one level (e.g. genus level) but this pattern can break down at higher or lower taxonomic levels [52]. Here, the PS of these traits at the species level within the Protieae and Inga were similar or slightly greater than for the genus-level results (electronic supplementary material, S5), suggesting that our results are consistent at finer taxonomic levels. However, as our analyses at low taxonomic levels were limited to two lineages it remains to be fully tested whether the result indeed holds within all clades of Neotropical trees.
Finally, the use of different kinds of phylogenies is likely to affect the extent of similarity among related species that is reported in different studies (electronic supplementary material, S7). Much previous work was carried out using community-level phylogenies, restricted to locally co-occurring species [6,12] and in many cases using unresolved phylogenies with relationships represented as polytomies [11]. Such community-level phylogenies may lack sister lineages for many clades that may be critical to effectively measure PS. In addition, the use of trees with many polytomies, e.g. those which add genera and species as polytomies onto backbone family-level trees [53], leads to uncertainty in PS estimates [14]. More importantly, phylogenetic sampling may play a major role in determining the extent of PS. Although the genus-level phylogeny used here is far from complete, our analyses do encompass a far wider range of lineages than previous studies, including the major angiosperm lineages present in the Amazon basin.
Our results demonstrate that there is significant PS for key demographic and structural traits in tropical forests. This finding opens the way for clearer predictions of how evolutionary diversity relates to ecosystem structure and function, and how different drivers will, in turn, affect the evolutionary diversity of Amazonian forests. For example, this study suggests that community-level measures of evolutionary relatedness among species are likely to be good predictors of the structure and functioning of these ecosystems [8,9]. These results also indicate that changes in environmental conditions or disturbance regimes that favour particular life-history strategies will ultimately erode evolutionary diversity [54,55], although the presence of some convergent evolution across lineages may prevent significant loss of phylogenetic diversity over some scales of anthropogenic disturbance [56]. Our results may therefore help to resolve why different studies of the effect of disturbance on phylogenetic diversity have obtained contrasting results [54–56]: in particular, this study suggests that investigating the PS of traits that influence species ability to persist after disturbance within the species pool of interest will be critical to understand how disturbance will alter phylogenetic diversity. Finally, our results also suggest that any long-term changes in the evolutionary diversity of intact Amazonian forests may indicate functional shifts in these diverse ecosystems. Overall, the phylogenetic structure of life-history strategies within Amazon tree communities described in this study helps to provide a predictive framework to understand how such complex systems will respond to global change and anthropogenic disturbance.
Data accessibility
The permanently archived data package of the genus-level trait dataset (wood density, potential tree size, maximum and mean growth rates and mortality rates) are available from https://doi.org/10.5521/FORESTPLOTS.NET/2016_4.
Authors' contributions
F.C.S. and T.R.B. conceived the study; F.C.S., T.R.B. and K.G.D. designed the study; F.C.S. analysed data and wrote the paper; all co-authors collected field data or data management and analyses tools. O.L.P., Y.M. and J.L. conceived the RAINFOR forest census plot network. K.G.D., J.C. and R.T.P. contributed phylogenetic data used in this study. All co-authors commented and/or approved the manuscript.
Competing Interests
We declare we have no competing interests.
The field data used in this study have been generated by the RAINFOR network, which has been supported by a Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation grant, the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme projects 283080, 'GEOCARBON'; and 282664, 'AMAZALERT'; ERC grant 'Tropical Forests in the Changing Earth System'), and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Urgency, Consortium and Standard Grants 'AMAZONICA' (NE/F005806/1), 'TROBIT' (NE/D005590/1) and 'Niche Evolution of South American Trees' (NE/I028122/1). Additional data were included from the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network — a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partly funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and other donors. Fieldwork was also partially supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico of Brazil (CNPq), project Programa de Pesquisas Ecológicas de Longa Duração (PELD-403725/2012-7). F.C.S. is supported by a PhD scholarship from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - Brasil (CAPES) (117913-6). O.L.P. is supported by an ERC Advanced Grant and is a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award holder and T.R.B. acknowledges support from a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship (RF-2015-653).
We thank Ademir Ruschel, Alvaro Cogollo, Anand Roopsind, Antonio Lola da Costa, Antonio S. Lima, Armando Torres-Lezama, Atila Oliveira, Carlos Céron, Claudinei Santos, Eder das Neves, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Foster Brown, Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Georgia Pickvance, Gloria Galeano, Guido Pardo, Ieda Amaral, Ima Vieira, James Singh, John Terborgh, Juan Licona, Luzmilla Arroyo, Marielos Peña-Claros, Marisol Toledo, Natalino Silva, Patricia Loayza and Wenderson Castro for allowing use of their data and the many colleagues and field assistants who have contributed to the development of the RAINFOR network. This paper is 705 in the Technical Series of the Biological Dynamics Fragments Project (BDFFP-INPA/STRI).
Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3582146.
- Received July 21, 2016.
- Accepted November 3, 2016.
- © 2016 The Authors.
Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.


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Featuring over 12,000 original items from the Robert Opie Collection, the Museum of Brands, Packaging and Advertising reveals how well-loved brands evolved through their creative use of packaging and advertising – and how we evolved with them. The history of consumer culture is presented decade by decade, from the naïve charm of the Victorian era to the sophistication of today. From 1984 to 2001, the collection was housed in the Museum of Advertising and Packaging in Gloucester. The Museum reopened in London in 2005 and is a UK registered charity. We are independent and self-funding through admissions, events and sponsored activities.
Experience QRator at the Museum of Brands, 2 Colville Mews, Lonsdale Road, Notting Hill, London W11 2AR. We are open 10am to 6pm Tuesday to Saturday, 11am to 5pm on Sundays and closed Mondays (apart from bank holidays). For visitor information see our website www.museumofbrands.com or call 020 7908 0880.
The Museum of Brands joins the Grant Museum of Zoology in offering a range of questions to museum visitors via the QRator iPads and website. This project has been developed through the Share Academy Project by University College London's Centre for Digital Humanities, Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis and UCL Museums. QRator aims to help us rethink museums as a place not simply for a passive experience but for conversation – a cultural laboratory for the meeting of minds. Positioning the Museum as a place of experimentation, dialogue and debate.


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10 March 2017
VIETNAM: 40 FDI Projects Lose Licence Over Excessive Delays and Lack of Progress
The investment permits for 40 FDI Projects have been cancelled. All of the projects were based in the southern Dong Nai province, not far from Ho Chi Minh City, and all had either been abandoned or subjected to excessive delays. The combined value of the projects was said to be some US$300 million. The move follows a commitment by the management of the Dong Nai Industrial Zone to rescind the licence of any FDI project that is not up and running within 12 months.
In 2016, the Dong Nai province granted investment permits to around 100 FDI projects, together worth some US$2.2 billion, making it Vietnams' fifth most popular FDI destination. At present, the province has 32 industrial parks and is home to 1,300 FDI projects with a collective value of US$25.8 billion.


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In Nagie we promote a healthy lifestyle; a place where you can enjoy shopping healthy food with no hurries.
We want to recover the tradition of small neighborhood shops, with customized and personalized attention. We want to call our customers by their first names.
We are looking to be a middle ground between having your own garden and supermarkets.


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Chevron and Conservation Volunteers Australia have been working together since 2011. Two highly successful and innovative programs have been run that provided essential environmental and cultural assistance to the Perth region.
The Chevron Aboriginal Conservation Training Program delivers field based training and qualifications to people of Aboriginal descent. The program offers employment pathways in conservation management in the Perth region, (re)connecting participants back to their culture and to their country. The result of the program is improved confidence, life-skills development and contribution to environmental management of natural areas within the Perth region. In 2016 we successfully delivered three twelve week projects (and the beginning of a fourth in November!), resulting in the engagement of 36 trainees. Whilst undertaking their practical training, participants assist community groups, land managers and government agencies with priority conservation activities. These activities include planting native species, rehabilitation, invasive weed management (chemical and manual removal), brush and debris removal at key sites such as Yanchep National Park, Brockman Park (Bull Creek) and Clontarf Hill.
The program benefits by enhanced cultural experiences with visits to sacred sites throughout the Perth region. Walyunga National Park has been one of these sites. The visit is guided by significant elders and cultural mentors from key organisations such as Bindi Bindi Dreaming and the Departments of Parks and Wildlife. Participants continue to highly value the program, the training it delivers and the opportunities it provides culturally and environmentally.
"Working on country for us is a good thing. I support programs like yours with Chevron that engage and connect our people to country, we need more of this, more opportunities to support our people and to keep them away from drugs or alcohol" – Noel Nannup, Whadjuk Elder
"It's great to see young and older Aboriginal people working together on this program, being connected to country and culture. A lot is lost and with programs like this we can make a real difference" – Marissa Verma, Cultural Mentor, Bindi Bindi Dreaming
"I have really enjoyed working on the Chevron Aboriginal Conservation Training Program and have learnt a lot about Conservation and Land Management. One of my favourite parts about the program has been the cultural mentor sessions and connecting back to country. In particular, I really enjoyed the site visit to John Forrest National Park as it a very scared and beautiful spot" – Deborah Ryan, June 2016 – October 2016 Participant
Completion of the Chevron River and Catchment Restoration Program
This year saw the completion of the River and Catchment Restoration program, a highly successful project that provided long-term assistance to Perth's waterways and catchments, including the Swan and Canning Rivers. Through-out the lifetime of the program, over 8,000 community and Chevron volunteers contributed over 60,000 hours to waterway and catchment restoration. The program aims to help community groups tackle important conservation projects that would have otherwise been beyond their capacity.
Activities undertaken by volunteers were varied and extensive and included native tree, sedge and bushland planting
on banks, wetlands and catchments. In addition, weeding of invasive species, erosion control, water testing, native seed collection for plant propagation, rubbish removal, mulching, waterbird habitat enhancement and fish nursery enhancement have been undertaken. Volunteers contributed to long-term restoration programs at several priority locations including Bannister Creek, which has seen the return of threatened species to the area since rehabilitation commenced.
The program has played a vital role in sustaining and improving the health of Perth's rivers and wetlands.


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Old Yuleba Town camping area
Suitable for self-sufficient stopover camping, there are no facilities at this site 13 km east of Yuleba. From the Warrego Hwy, go south onto Forestry Rd, then right onto Mongool Rd and right again after the fourth grid. Yuleba is 60 km east of Roma and 80 km west of Miles.
Contact information
Who to contact: Maranoa Regional Council 1300 007 662
Want to see your campsite photos featured here? Send us your photos.
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Game Credits
|God of War: Ascension (2013)
|(Senior Producer)
|God of War: Ghost of Sparta (2010)
|(Senior Producer / Design Manager)
|God of War III (2010)
|God of War II (2007)
|(Producer - Design Manager)
|God of War (2005)
|(Associate Producers)
|God of War: Ghost of Sparta (2010)
|(Design Managers)
|God of War III (2010)
|(Design Manager)
|The Con (2005)
|(Additional Voices for In-Game SFX)
|Starhawk (2012)
|(Special Thanks)
|The Unfinished Swan (2012)
|(The Santa Monica Studio would like to thank the following individuals)
|God of War Collection (2009)
|(Special Thanks)
|God of War: Betrayal (2007)
|(Special Thanks)
Developer Biography
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[add bio]
Cca. 2009 (source: "God of War III" unlockable bonus content)
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Plumeria flower drawingproiecte
...nu mă leg de termenii "cosmetics" sau "cosmetice" pentru că nu va fi doar de cosmetice, ci și de haircare, spre exemplu. Mă gândeam la un nume conturat pe ideea de natural, flower-y, dar mai ales cruelty-free. Cât despre produsele comercializate, vor fi preponderent de origini coreene la început, dar nu vreau să mă limitez la asta. Doresc să cree...
Salut. Buna seara, avem nevoie sa descarcam niste produse de pe un site.
I WOULD LIKE NONE O...looking I am no what I would likebut just do not have the ability to youse the photoshop page I would like the dollar flower which I have attached and old like a dollar sign maybe in like a red grafitti underneath the flower the flower can cover the dollar sign but I would lke thetop of it to hang out and same with the bottom
I need to create a flower shop eCommerce website using cs-cart. I need a clean nice theme and add some options to the product such as adding delivery date and time. In addition, need to add extra options to every flower bouquet like balloon, chocolate and card selection.
I have a flower shop & I do have a logo and some other designs for the shop. now I would like to have standard theme (patterns) for all my shop work and I listed it as: 1. wrapping paper pattern. 2. greeting card envelops ( 6 designs -love- friendship …. depend on deferent occasions). 3. Social media templates. (Instagram, snap, .....) 4. email signature
Hi Need help with creating 2 pr...1 - 9cmx9cm Box 2 - 18cmx14cm (pls. note: logo located horizontally, not like in picture attached) Templates need to be created based on above dimensions. Colours: White (flower and text "AMAZON"), Gradient turquoise for"BLU" and triangle, attached preferred turquoise colour -> mixed gradient. Format:AI/PDF/CDR/EPS
...Basic woodwork / carpentry (principles) Creative adaptability to work with other materials (eg, metal poles)(principles) Basic self-assembly designs and concepts Ideas around flower arrangements How to decorate an arbor / mandap(!) Passion, fun and enthusiasm Creative flare In terms of remuneration - we are happy to discuss different options, either an
I need a new website. I need you to design and build my online store.
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...trees. Bells hanging from the trees to be changed to "punjabi bells - kalirey" or "punjabi bells - kalirey [conectează-te pentru a consulta linkul URL]" or something similar. Pls note, there should be some flower decorations on the new bell. 3) Intro Card: same colour scheme as box design wrt to trees. Change background colour to compliment it, ombre colour scheme...
I would like a logo designed for my Beauty Therapy business. I will be using t...Beauty Therapy business. I will be using this on letterheads, emails, websites and branding. The name is 'Ephelis Beauty' and I would love to have a dandy lion or wishing flower in the logo although I am open to other ideas. It needs to look elegant and professional.
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We are setting up a new flower growing and floristry business - Flower & Farmer Limited - and need a company logo. The flowers are being grown on a family farm. We will then sell them to our customers as bouquets or lose in buckets, so that our customers can enjoy the fun of putting together their own arrangement. We have only just started to think
I own a flower farm and need a logo for our business before we develop our website. I have images of wildflowers and mason jars and a bumble bee
Flower decoration and lighting decoration at wedding hall. I'm looking for freelancer who have experienced 0-1.
Hi Hira, Here is the milestone for the flower package.
I would like to get the flower tea, camellia sinensis
I would like someone to draw a flower as I would like to
...complimentary Lifestyle products such as vases, some crockery etc. We are wanting to design a logo that has a slight 'tropical' feel to it – maybe the use of a modern hibiscus flower or tropical shape leaf??.... The logo needs to be modern but also timeless. It also needs to project 'quality' – not a cheap product. We are hoping to design a logo tha...
...beam shining onto it. Perhaps on a darker background or a busy festival background but with the option to lift the words off the background if needed. Or perhaps with a lotus flower underneath the words beaming light upwards. That said; I am still open to ideas. Please bid on this project if you are willing to make revisions, tweaks and provide the logo
We are a wedding florist based in Australia www.heartandsoulflowers.com.au. Looking to have my current logo animated (below attached file) for advertising in my flower design videos. Was thinking of having the current text written and flowers animated (flowers growing or joining the circle) Around 5 seconds long...under 10seconds. Get creative
I need a lotus flower symbol. It should be in gold on black background. Please keep it easy. Attaching a few examples. Please don't copy them. Give your own version. The picture should be delivered in vector Adobe Illustrator file format (*.ia).
I need you to write some content for a website.
...to return to the home position. 3. On the menu we need the following. 4. [conectează-te pentru a consulta linkul URL] here to View Instructions Videos. There are four main videos currently on YouTube. 5. [conectează-te pentru a consulta linkul URL] Flower Pot Girls Gallery – This slider should appear and run automatically until the viewer clicks on home button. 6. 3. Click on FPG V...
I need a tropical 2d garden mock up with 3 elephant statues. Size radial diameter 20 meters. Plants: palm trees plumeria Bird-of-paradise fragipani orchids (some hanging structures would be nice)
Remove background and replace with a nice scene like a flower garden. Straighten and make the people look upright or perpendicular.
I need an Android app. I would like it designed and built.
a flower shop logo design and concept
...have professional renderings of the exterior, only the photos provided. To clarify, I am looking for relatively modest exterior improvements (shutters? window ledges/window flower boxes? redo of front steps? fencing change? landscaping?) rather than significant/structural renovations. The house was built in the late 1800s and is currently a two unit
Existing flower beds are in need of serious updating. Want a redo of overgrown plants and would like to reuse somethings, but not all. Just need an overall design plan.
1) Edit photos in white background and retouch the photos 2) After editing the photos, bulk add two more background 3) Complete in one day 4) total 27 photos (attachment is one of the photos) all similar 5) Budget: US15
We are looking for artistic and creative minds to provide conceptual design for theme playground. The theme playground must be either (1) Flower Theme or (2) Insects Theme. Area of each theme playground would be based on 10m x 15m. Deliverable include color perspective, plan view and elevation view with overall dimensions. File to be submitted in sketchup
Need a logo. The logo will be in a circle. It will have a name that I will advise the winner. The main body is a picture of a flower.
I need a new website. I need you to design and build my online store. For flower shopping
So as of now we have a small flowershop in Ormoc city. we accept weddings, flower decoration and etc. and visit our fan page leah's flower
I have a retail flower and garden business and I looking to replace my dated sandwich board signs that will be placed at the sidewalk. We have the wooden structure just need the design to be printed on a grommeted piece of weatherproof foldable/rollable material. Look at [conectează-te pentru a consulta linkul URL] To get an idea on what we do.
Hello! This contest to to revise 2 Hawaiian prints for UCLA! -Please remove "UCLA" LOGO from option 1. Option 2 -Please re-create a new hibiscus flower for all around hibiscus print. -Please make colors look washed out and faded (see photo of goldish brown sandal and blue shirt for color combo) -See attached hawwain shirts for inspo -Keep "UCLA"
Need someone on Monday October 8 and Tuesday October 9 in Burnet, Tx 78611 to do clean out of 22 homes (all in one subdivision) front flower beds (they are cleaned monthly and were just cleaned last month but need it again) front shrubs trimmed as needed, help with clean out of 10 gutters, weed eating, help owner with side project 9am-7pm each day.
the project is to design a logo and a symbol, the company is marketing and communication company and the the name is a flower name, and this flower indicate a color. Would like to have the approved artwork (out of three preliminaries) in many formats to fit website upload and any other format might be needed. I am open to hear about your thoughts of
...Written Petals. They require a flower and the text arranged in a nice and clever way. Attached are some samples of the style they like from other Book Publishers. The logo should be a symbol as well as describing the name of the publishing house. In the attachment, you can find also our current logo, of the flower and text, but we like to have that
...15incX8inch size paper. It must have a vintage feel and will be printed on unbleached cardboard paper Monochrome black only It must include a toucan and a coffee flower as in the drawing I've sent The merchand tea trading Label is the look and feel that I want for the label. The brand name is trans atlantic coffee coast somewhere on the label it
I would like a logo for my ig with my name and ONE flower in these colors next to my name.
I need a logo designed. I need a logo for my instagram with my name and a flower.
LolaFlora is an online flower and gifting delivery company operates in several countries around the world. We are looking for a Russian translator for our global brand LolaFlora.
We are opening a new company specializing in flower walls and event decor and wanted a beautiful business card that matches our vision of the company and our professionalism.
The Name is: UNIQae (the ae at the end need to be connected like a little flower not the round a) you have good chances to win if you make it modern, classic, stylisch and minimalistic. thanks for you work
...their business but do not have the budget for a large agency to design their mobile app. My niche includes (but not limited to): Pizza shops, restaurants, hair salons, flower shops, automotive shops, boroughs/cities, schools, dance/gymnastics, massage therapists/spas, wineries/breweries, etc. I am looking for a sales promoter to work on a commission
I need to get a mascot designed and drawn for a mexcian restaurant. It needs to be hand drawn very authentic cartoonish touch to it i want it to be a donkey with some flower on his back.
Hi Priyanshu Prakash G., how are thing, hope all is good. I do have another job for you. It is another logo, as usual Yoga related. This time I would like to have Lotus flower with an Om sign inside of it. Colours should be Orange or Red for the Lotus and Purple/Violet for the Om sign. Let me know if we can set sails on this. Regards
Web developer con experiencia para tienda de flores en linea favor de hacer bid lo que va a costar total la pajina nada de cobros [conectează-te pentru a consulta linkul URL]


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Malagasy striped civet
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Speaker(s): Pastor Thomas Schaller, Pastor Glen Ernest Sermon # 11225 11:00 AM on 3/12/2017
Speaker(s): Pastor Thomas Schaller, Pastor Glen Ernest Sermon # 11224 9:00 AM on 3/12/2017
We listen and God tells us to do implausible things and we do them by faith. He does the impossible as He did with Israel, when the people marched around Jericho 13 times. Let us hear Him and believe Him for great things. Hebrews 6:12, 10:35-38 Speaker(s): Thomas Schaller Sermon # 11162 6:30 PM on […]
The story of the blind man shows us what can happen when our eyes are opened. The answer for the trouble is believe Jesus and worship. He can never fail you. John 9:8-39 Speaker(s): Sam Miles, Thomas Schaller Sermon # 11158 6:30 PM on 11/13/2016
We all start in the dark, but then Jesus passes by and His Light opens our eyes. He muddies our face and tells us to go. If we obey, a whole new life comes to us. John 9:1-6 Speaker(s): Sam Miles, Thomas Schaller Sermon # 11157 11:00 AM on 11/13/2016


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Sunday, 18 September 2011 11:10 AM
More than 1,200 people, including President Barack Obama and more than 50 other heads of state, business leaders, humanitarians and celebrities are due to attend the seventh annual Clinton Global Initiative (CGI), which starts a three-day run on Tuesday.
The meeting will focus on three areas: creating jobs, sustainable consumption, and programs for women and girls.
To attend Clinton's summit in New York City, companies and individuals must make commitments to tackle the focus issues. Those who fail to do so are not allowed to return.
Clinton, president from 1993 to 2001, told Reuters in an interview that there needs to be a global focus on creating jobs as there were several wealthy countries suffering like the United States with high unemployment.
"And there are a lot of developing countries that are afraid the global economic crisis is going to stop them from creating sufficient employment to continue to grow," Clinton said.
"Everyone understands that we don't have any control over what the EU decides to do about Greece or whether America decides to clean up its housing debt more quickly or all those sorts of things but that there are lots of things that can be done everywhere to create more employment," he said.
The United States is on the brink of another recession, while the European Union is battling a sovereign debt crisis that includes Greece struggling to stave off default.
In an effort to jump-start the stalled U.S. economy and cut unemployment, Obama introduced a plan to create jobs earlier this month. It is crucial to Obama's re-election for 2012, which are largely tied to the state of the economy.
Clinton expects Obama to speak about his $447 billion jobs plan when he addresses the summit on Wednesday. He believes the proposal "will create a couple of million jobs now and could set us on the road to recovery."
"It's going to be very difficult for us to return to full employment and dramatically robust growth until we find a way to unlock the capital reserves in the $2 trillion in corporate money . . . that is not being invested now and the more than $2 trillion that banks have in cash reserves," Clinton said.
Clinton said creating jobs would be the key theme throughout this year's summit. Other highlights include a conversation with Nobel laureate and democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who will be appearing via video link from Myanmar. Suu Kyi was freed by the Myanmar government last year after 15 years of house arrest.
Her appearance, Clinton said, would "remind us that a certain amount of political liberty and personal mobility is necessary to give girls and women equal chances in the world ... and that is a precondition of broad-based economic growth in a lot of these developing countries."
Clinton said his wife, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and their daughter, Chelsea, also may speak about U.S. initiatives to help women and girls around the world.
Clinton's summit was borne out of his frustration while president at attending conferences that were more talk than action. When the initiative began, corporations tended to show up and write checks to fund humanitarian programs. Now many see philanthropy in terms of investment opportunities.
"What I really am trying to do is to develop models of doing business in a way that makes CGI less necessary but we're not there yet," Clinton said, adding that he wants it to be standard practice for public, private and nonprofit sectors to work together to tackle social and economic challenges.
Since the initiative started, more than 2,000 pledges have been made valued at more than $63 billion and they have improved the lives of more than 300 million people in 180 countries.
© 2018 Thomson/Reuters. All rights reserved.
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At a recent dropout prevention conference in New York state, a panel of five teenagers shared their ideas about what it would take to help all students succeed in school. One of these young people stands out most dramatically in my mind, mainly because of the juxtaposition between how he appeared and what he said.
The street-wise look included baggy jeans, faded T-shirt and do-rag – in contrast to his fellow panelists, who had gotten all scrubbed up for the occasion. His cool demeanor didn't quite prepare me for his message: that the key ingredient of dropout prevention is positive adult-youth relationships. This young man made an impassioned plea to the largely professional audience to realize that today's teenagers are "aching for adults" who can provide them with needed guidance and support.
This brief but compelling comment served as a poignant reminder of something we may be taking for granted in youth work. The idea that adult-youth relationships are central to our work is so basic that at times we may lose sight of its fundamental truth. Yet new research supports the point, and new modes of practice are emerging that build on this key element of our service.
Recent research on high-quality after-school programs has confirmed the contribution of youth-adult relationships to promoting positive youth development. For example, a June 2008 study of programs serving high school youth in New York City (Evaluation of the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development Out-of-School Time Programs for Youth Initiative, Policy Studies Associates) found that participants' relationships with staff were an essential feature of programs that produced positive social and educational benefits. Staffers in these results-oriented programs said they intentionally talked with young people about their personal lives, their grades and their aspirations for the future, and that they conducted individualized outreach, demonstrating their caring and concern. "We text all the time, and that brings them in," said one outreach leader.
In this study, one young person reported: "The staff are really cool; very close to our age. You can really talk with them." Youth speak of strong personal ties with their youth workers, noting that staffers give useful advice, treat them with respect, help them learn new things and "understand what I am going through."
Earlier research by Policy Studies Associates about high-performing after-school programs (in 2005) pinpointed crucial staff behaviors that contributed to program quality and outcomes, including staff ability to model positive behaviors, listen to youth, promote skill mastery, provide individualized feedback and establish expectations of mutual respect.
A subsequent study of the Philadelphia Beacons school-based community centers (Quality Time After School, Public/Private Ventures, 2007) found that specific staff skills – such as managing group dynamics to foster respect and supporting youth learning – contributed to youths' favorable perceptions of their program experience.
Youth workers can play a variety of roles that allow them to interact with young people regularly and effectively. In addition to the more traditional roles of group leader, instructor and mentor, several programs around the country are experimenting with an approach known as life coach. This role focuses on helping young people develop and pursue education and career aspirations. Life coaches also orchestrate a range of critical resources and help build resiliency skills.
This relationship-centered approach finds a practical application for a solid body of research, particularly that of Edmund Gordon of Columbia University's Teachers College. His valuable book, Supplementary Education, has called attention to the key, and often unrecognized, work done by many middle- and upper-class parents to organize positive developmental experiences for their children. One task of the life coach is to ensure that all children have access to such experiences, in ways that enhance the contributions of school and family.
At The Children's Aid Society in New York, our new African-American Male Initiative is integrating life coaches into the lives of elementary-age boys. Specially trained African-American male social workers act as "personal trainers for the mind." These life coaches work with boys individually and in groups from elementary school through high school graduation and beyond, involving themselves with all aspects of the youths' lives, including school, family and community. They concentrate on helping young people develop action plans directed toward a positive future.
They're consistent, caring, competent – just the kind of adults kids seem to be aching for.
Jane Quinn is assistant executive director for community schools at The Children's Aid Society in New York.


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How to Make Paella : A Budget Recipe for Paella
Paella Recipe
Paella is one of my favorite rice dishes. Containing rice, meat and seafood, paella is a main dish that is satisfying. Ingredients for paella can be a bit pricey. What is the best way to make paella on a budget? This recipe hub will give you some ideas for making paella on a budget. Some things are just timeless, classic, traditional and word spreads about how good they are. An export of Spain, paella is a dish that has become very famous in the United States.
I have enjoyed paella at various restaurants and as I often discuss in my recipe hubs on HubPages, when a dish at a restaurant was delicious and memorable, I sometimes work to recreate a similar flavor when cooking at home. For example, the carrot cheesecake recipe hub was inspired by the delicious dessert that I ate at the Cheesecake Factory. The maple roasted chicken recipe hub was inspired by the very tasty rotisserie chicken offered at Boston Market, the fast food restaurant chain that offers wholesome and hearty flavorful dishes that are often like homemade.
- There are numerous versions of paella recipes out there, some asking for you to stick as close to the tradition as possible. This can involve purchasing a special type of pot to prepare paella or buying the spice saffron, which is very expensive.
- You will find that bottles of various spices range from as little as 99 cents to around $4.
- Saffron on the other hand will cost you around a hearty $18!. Therefore, saffron has been eliminated from this version of the recipe.
- Additionally, please feel free to use whatever pot you have in the house! I use a frying pan.
For this recipe discussing how to make paella, you will need a medley of meats and seafood. Choose four to six different ones to suit your taste and budget. Examples are mussels which I do not use because I don't like them, lobsters, which I do not use because they are too expensive. Perhaps I would use the latter on a special occasion when opting to cook instead of dining out, but the recipe below is economical enough to prepare for routine dinnertime. The meats/seafood I suggest, if you eat any/all of them are:
- 2 Chicken thighs or breasts (cut into small pieces)
- 2 Pork chops
- 3 Lean turkey sausages
- 1 cup of shrimp
Here are the steps to making this delicious meal:
1. Cut all thawed meats (chicken, turkey sausage, and pork) into small cubes, through the bones if there are any, with a sharp knife.
2. Rinse the meat with water and a tablespoon of white vinegar.
- Remove all the water and place the meat in a large bowl.
- Pour 3 tablespoons or olive oil, 1 tablespoon of paprika, and one tablespoon of garlic on the meat.
- Mix well and allow to sit for several minutes in the bowl, while you prepare other ingredients.
- The longer the meat marinates, the more flavorful it will be, so you can even do this step several hours before and allow the bowl of meat to sit in the refrigerator with plastic wrap on it.
3. Take one large green bell pepper, one large red bell pepper, and one large onion, wash them and cut them up into small pieces. Set aside.
4. Add the meat to a preheated pot that has been coated with olive oil.
- Allow it to cook on the stovetop on high heat for the first twenty minutes, stirring as needed for even heat distribution.
5. Sparingly sprinkle some additional spices directly into the pot:
- ginger
- black pepper
- cayenne pepper
- salt
- turmeric
6. Add 2 cups of water, 1 1/2 cups of rice and a pat of butter to the meat in the pot.
- As it returns to a boil, bring the heat down to low and cover the pot or frying pan.
7. After 10 minutes, add the green bell pepper, red bell pepper and onion that were cut up.
8. Also add 1 cup peeled raw shrimp.
9. Cover the pot again and turn off heat after 15 additional minutes.
10. Done. Enjoy!
Paella Recipe
© 2009 Nyesha Pagnou MPH


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J.K. Rowling Slams Westboro Baptist Church's Homophobic Trolling
Stupify! And with the flick of her pen, J.K. Rowling single-handedly took down the Westboro Baptist Church for their hateful homophobic trolling.
Famous for her wit and candor on social media, Rowling first began her interchange with the right-wing extremist church after celebrating the fact that Ireland has become the first entire country to legalize same-sex marriage. The author, historically known as an LGBT rights advocate, has gotten into scuffles with homophobes before over stating repeatedly that one of the characters from the Harry Potter series, headmaster Albus Dumblebore was, in fact, gay.
Sitting here watching the Irish make history. Extraordinary and wonderful.
— J.K. Rowling (@jk_rowling) May 23, 2015
Rowling also reposted a meme, celebrating the fictitious union of two of the biggest wizarding characters in the world of literary fantasy.
.@justaoifethings ???? Then they could get married IN IRELAND! ???? pic.twitter.com/yXedPavZfp
— J.K. Rowling (@jk_rowling) May 23, 2015
Unsurprisingly, the Westboro Baptist Church came trolling into Rowling's twitter with this hateful poster, stating "@jk_rowling wants Dumbledore & Gandalf to marry in Ireland; if it happens WBC will picket!"
.@jk_rowling wants Dumbledore & Gandalf to marry in Ireland; if it happens WBC will picket! #NotBanned pic.twitter.com/bGzk3pJB8G @benjamincohen
— Westboro Baptist (@WBCSaysRepent) May 26, 2015
(It might be difficult for them to picket the union of two fictional characters, but we're sure that they'd give it a go.)
With a whip of Rowling's wand she mustered all her literary prowess and threw it back in the WBC's face. "Alas, the sheer awesomeness of such a union in such a place would blow your tiny bigoted minds out of your thick sloping skulls," wrote Rowling.
.@WBCsigns Alas, the sheer awesomeness of such a union in such a place would blow your tiny bigoted minds out of your thick sloping skulls.
— J.K. Rowling (@jk_rowling) May 26, 2015
Some fans of Rowling's suggested that maybe giving the WBC more attention wasn't the correct response and could be considered "counterproductive," but Rowling asserted that she'd rather see their hatred dismissed than for a young gay person to be influenced by its negativity left unchallenged.
I don't care about WBC. I think it's important that scared gay kids who aren't out yet see hate speech challenged. https://t.co/XumjDmEjuw
— J.K. Rowling (@jk_rowling) May 27, 2015
Once again Rowling has championed all things good in the Twitterverse. We hope that the WBC will leave our beloved Rowling alone, but then again, she's continuously proven she's one tough witch!
100 points for Gryffindor! You do NOT want to go up against J.K. Rowling in a Twitter war.


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He had the same qualifications as Gwen Ifill, after all. He's been a reporter for decades, an opinionated observer on politics, and he had a book coming out in Inauguration Week about Barack Obama. I'd bet Bernie would have at least let the campaigns know about the book before being selected, and recognized the conflict of interest.
Of course, the title might have been a little off-putting to the Commission on Presidential Debates: A Slobbering Love Affair: The True (And Pathetic) Story of the Torrid Romance Between Barack Obama and the Mainstream Media. That's only slightly more indicative of bias than Ifill's fawning title, The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama, and yet the CPD had no problem selecting Ifill as a moderator for the VP debate.
I'm looking forward to this release. Bernie literally wrote the book on Bias, a seminal book about the endemic liberal bias in the mainstream media. He hasn't exactly mellowed since, and I'm certain this new book will be an entertaining read. Be sure to pre-order your copy now. With any luck, we'll get Bernie for an interview here at Hot Air.


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"Dance Yourself Dizzy" <email@example.com>
Subject: Dance Your Elf Dizzy - Christmas & New Years Eve tickets go up to door price on 1st Dec.
Date: November 29th 2015
|Home Classes Freestyles Music Learn Beginner Moves Moves Database DVDs/Tickets Members Preview
|Welcome to the latest Dance Yourself Dizzy newsletter
If this email is not displaying images please visit our web page version of it here
Full list of DYD Events
O2 Southampton Guildhall Christmas Ball - 80% Sold
Tickets go up to door price on 1st Dec.
Dance Yourself Dizzy is proud to be back at the O2 Southampton Guildhall, holding our largest Christmas Ball at this magnificent venue on Saturday 5th December!
5 hours of non-stop freestyle from 8pm - 1am on the biggest dance floor in the South! The 2nd Dance Floor will be back again with a Silent Disco playing Smooth Jive & Blues music in the North Bar!
For anyone who may not know what a Silent Disco is - it's where you dance to music you hear through wireless headphones instead of a normal speaker system! It's great fun & a unique experience dancing with your partner to music that people without headphones can't hear! .
The Silent Disco will run from 9pm - 1am (Main Hall 8pm - 1am) with DJ John Dunlop broadcasting a mix of Smooth Jive & Blues music via radio transmitter to anyone wearing our wireless headphones!
The Huge chocolate fountain will be returning to tickle your tastebuds and there will also be a large range of dance shoes on sale from 'Spotlight' who will have a stall there on the night.
If you've never been to this impressive venue before, come and see what you've missed!
Tickets are on sale now - available in advance here, or from any of our DYD classes & freestyles, or on the door on the night if any are left priced £21 throughout November, then £22 in December.
Tickets also available directly from Southampton Guildhall box office. However when buying tickets from the box office over the phone or on-line there is an extra £3.05 per ticket booking fee.
Southampton Guildhall, Civic Centre, Southampton. SO14 7LP
Saturday 5th December - 8.00pm to 1am Southampton Guildhall Directions - Click Here
There are several public car parks within walking distance of Southampton Guildhall on West Park Road, Cumberland Place and Civic Centre Road, Please click here for a map of city centre car parks for more info.
Winchester Posh & Sparkly Christmas Ball - Tues 15th Dec - 70% Sold
Tickets go up to door price on 1st Dec.
On Tuesday 15th December it's our annual Christmas Posh & Sparkly Ball at Winchester Guildhall. For the fifth year this event will have FOUR dance floors! And will run from 8pm until 12am!
Dance Floor 1 - Bapsy (Main) Hall - playing the non-stop floor-filling music you have come to expect from any Dizzy freestyle.
Dance Floor 2 - King Charles Hall - playing non-stop Swing and Latin music.
Dance Floor 3 - The Courtyard (Downstairs) - Former Police Cells with Basement like Pillars & Arches - Very atmospheric, with DJ Dene playing a great mix of Alternative music.
Dance Floor 4 - Wintonian Room (Bar area) - non-stop Tango music with Dj Eddie from NuTango!
And of course the ever popular huge chocolate fountain will be returning to tickle your tastebuds!
Tickets are on sale now - available in advance here, or from any of our DYD classes & freestyles, or on the door on the night if any are left. Winchester Posh & Sparkly Christmas Ball Tickets are £14 throughout November, then £15 from 1st December.
Be warned this event has sold out in advance for the last ten years, and tickets for this event are more sought after than any of our other events of the entire year. If you would like to come along to our Winchester Christmas Ball please do not leave it until the last minute to get your ticket.
Totton New Year's Eve Ball - 60% Sold
Tickets go up to door price on 1st Dec.
Come bid farewell to 2015 & see in 2016 with Dance Yourself Dizzy! Our New Years Eve Ball takes place at our popular Totton Freestyle venue and is sure to be a great way to see in the new year.
There will be 4 1/2 hours of non stop music from 8.00pm till 12.30am the next year! With party food & the best atmosphere in town it's sure to be a cracking night to say farewell to 2015 and welcome in 2016!
There has been an amazing atmosphere at our New Year's Eve Ball the last few years, with everybody seeming to add to the party atmosphere!
This event has sold out in advance for the last six years, so if you'd like to join us there, please make sure you don't leave it to the last minute to get your ticket!
Tickets are on sale now - available in advance here, or from any of our DYD classes & freestyles, or on the door on the night if any are left. Totton New Year's Eve Ball Tickets are £15 up until the end of November, then £17 from 1st December.
Uploads to Our YouTube Channel
We have added more moves to our YouTube channel so please be sure to Subscribe To The Channel to see new posts and moves as we add them. Please give them the thumbs up if you like them, or the thumbs down if you don't, and share them with your would-be dance buddies.
Don't forget that all of our Beginner Moves are also available in our Beginners Playlist so please learn, like, share and comment.
© Dance Yourself Dizzy 1999 - 2015
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Dance Yourself Dizzy teaches Modern Jive via its weekly class nights in Basingstoke and Winchester, and also On-Line via www.danceyourselfdizzy.com.
Each of the class night aims to provide a friendly and enjoyable atmosphere for all dancers, and would-be dancers, of any age from 16 to 116. Our music caters for all tastes and our philosophy is simple, if people like to dance to it , we play it.
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So what are you waiting for, we hope that you will be Dancing Yourself Dizzy Soon!
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