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The West in Russian Mentality
- Phillip Cain
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1 Office for Information and Press, Brussels Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Moscow The West in Russian Mentality Prof. Guerman Diligensky, Dr. Sergei Chugrov 2000
2 2 Summary Russia s attitudes to the West, i.e. to the basic values of Western/Atlantic civilization, to Western democratic institutions, has turned into one of the most important factors of Russia s development and dynamics of modern global situation. In Russia, it derives from its inherent problem of its choosing the path of development, which repeatedly emerged in the past. In global context, the world s landscape of the new century in many respects depends of Russia s being close to or hostile to the West in social, cultural, and political dimensions. This paper is far from pretending to be an integral analysis of these crucial problems of modern and future developments of the world history. Its aim appears to be more modest -- to make an attempt to analyze what influence the dynamics of dominant public opinion, public mood and attitudes toward the West exert on efforts to solve these problems. The central thesis of this paper is that the complicated national attitude to Western values explains many of the zigzags of Russian policy. The Introduction represents different archetypical features of the Russian mentality. In the second section, The West and Ideological Conflicts in Post-Communist Russia, the authors analyze the factors that influenced Russian attitude toward the West and Western values during the past ten years. They show that antagonism between ardent Westernizers and national patriots is a conflict between two minorities embracing in sum about 30 percent of the adult population The third section Western Values and Mass Consciousness deals with Russian interpretation of basic rights and freedoms. The authors show that it somewhat differs from the Western one and focuses more on socio-economic rights than on political freedoms. Unfortunately, one of the most important components of the Western civil culture -- respect for law and universally accepted social norms -- has found no substantial support in Russia. The fourths section The West: Partner or Foe? deals with the evolution of relations between Russia and the West from demonstrative friendship and partnership in the beginning of the last decade of the 20th century to rather serious conflicts in its end. It coincides with the decline of the Western models attractiveness and strengthening of virulent nationalism in Russia. However, the authors stress that this link should not be viewed
3 3 simplistically. Acceptance or rejection of the Western patterns are based on both rational (reflective) and spontaneous (subconscious) comparisons of the Western living standards and one s own standards as well as one s own capacities to achieve these standards. The authors compare the results of different public opinion polls on the NATO military action in Kosovo and on the Russian military campaign in Chechnya. Among the conclusions is the following. Developments in Russia due to the process of globalization will undoubtedly exert certain impact on the emerging future landscape in the 21st century. Russia s isolation from the Western world, its growing backwardness and its losing incentive for modernization could become a source of new international tensions and new threats with unpredictable consequences. At the same time, Russia s modernization and its getting out of crisis, strengthening partnership with the West could contribute to a more balanced pace of globalization.
4 4 I. Introduction: Russian Cultural Archetypes and Their Evolution The main sources of the Russian s attitudes towards the West are domestic and international developments and their interpretation by the mass media. However, these attitudes cannot be attributed uniquely to modern socio-political and information processes. They may be explained as a cultural phenomenon and in this context, they appear to be a product of not only actual experience but of former experience as well. This phenomenon replicates in different forms so-called traditional archetypes of national consciousness stemming from the past. We would argue that Russian perceptions of the alien nations (and first of all, the Western world) form a coherent structural component of the national consciousness in regard of national identity. Perhaps, it differs somehow from the selfconsciousness of many occidental and oriental peoples that formed their national identity without any persistent references to the alien nations. The paradigm of Russia s opposition to the West emerged only in the 19th century in the wake of the wars waged by Napoleon. It reveals some traits of a late social myth, notes Yuri Levada.(Levada 1993, 180, 181). All facets of the image of the West are a distorted and mirrored reflection of the self-image, i.e. or the perception of the self and of own values). Russians always viewed the West "with hatred and love" (an expression from Blok's poem "The Scythians"). And now, too, Russia's attitude toward the West is a sort of a mixture. Some sociologists attribute this psychological anomaly, in part, to the fact that admiration of the marvels of Western technology, that was used with terrible effectiveness on the battlefields of World War I and that has been retained in the nation's genetic code. In this context, interest to the West was marked by distrust and envy and it is a reflection of own anxieties or hopes. This specific attitude may be explained by dramatic turns of Russian history. Until 1480, during about three centuries, Russia was isolated from the Christian West because of the spell of Tatars. Some researchers see in this painful experience the sources of Russia s traditional adherence to non-freedom as well as of Moscow s intrinsically aggressive attitude towards neighboring countries. From this period Russia inherited institutional structures, which appeared to be closer to Asian despotism than European absolutism. Russian authoritarianism was perhaps personified by Ivan the Terrible.
5 5 Later Peter the Great, while visiting one of the British battle ships, wanted to watch a traditional corporal punishment in the fleet (whipping with a seven-tailed jack-o-seven) and could not understand why the captain opposed his wish, there being no sailors who deserved to be punished. In Russia this circumstance might not have been viewed as an obstacle (Fyodorov, 1997, ). On the other hand, Petrine Russia may serve as a spectacular example of the controversial Westernization of the country. Russia turned out to be one of the countries most hostile to the French Revolution. The old-times vision of ideal society in Russia appears to be a religious community that had no need of defending formal rights and freedoms since their place is already occupied by the Love and the God -- ideals but not law are supposed to be a guideline. In reality, there was a mixture of legal and religious rules resulting in a unstructured complex network of relations between individuals and the state. This sort of collectivism paralyzed much individual responsibility. In reality, traditional ethical norms are often in conflict with the law. In extreme form, under Love, slavery is a happiness. The millennium-old history of Christianity in Russia allows us to speak of the dual role played by the Orthodox branch of Christianity in forming attitudes toward the West and a specifically East Slavic worldview. There is a wide-spread opinion that a fundamental incompatibility of views between Russia and the West derives from the idea that Russia, in adopting the Eastern Orthodox faith, cut itself off from Europe. In this scheme, Russia's Byzantine orientation resulted in a conservative, anti-intellectual, and xenophobic worldview that became increasingly isolated from the mainstream of European history for a number of centuries, and Communism is percieved as a modern form of Orthodoxy. On the other hand, many scholars (for example, Reinhardt Wittram, prominent German biographer of Peter I, and professor at Gottinger University), argue that there never was a serious gap between Russia and the West, citing as a main argument the canons of the Eastern Orthodox faith itself. The Russian Church manifested its European character in two features that would have been alien to it as well as rejected by it: longlasting intolerance and dependence on the state. Maybe these arguments should be challenged - the field of contact between the Eastern and Western branches of Christianity is much broader - but the conclusion, in our view, is much the same.
6 6 However, let us say instead that the Russian Church manifested its European character by virtue of its common roots, moral and ethical principles, and symbol of faith. The primordial political culture of Russian society contains elements of duality. Russia s strong peasant community (mir) emerged as a complex phenomenon with many elements of a parochial isolated community based on the idea of sacrificing individual rights for the sake of collectivist values. This imperative has turned out to be disastrous for Russia, leading to bloodshed and martyrs. Even many Russian intellectuals of the 19th century demonstrated their rejection of law and put ethical norms in place of law. Thus the Russian legal tradition is weak. Nevertheless, it is easy to see a counter-tendency. Katherine the Great, inspired by her contacts with French Enlightenment figures, initiated elections to the so-called Legislative Commission in 1767 to consider the problems of rights. After 1861, Tsar Alexander II initiated a discussion of reforming the state s legal system in order to give rights to the representatives of new estates. Peter Stolypin, Russia s then controversial prime minister, forcibly moved peasants to Siberia, but nonetheless moved the country closer to European standards. This conflictual nature of Russian society played a very important role in its national self-identification in terms of its relationship with the European civilization. By and large, the results of Petrine reforms appeared to be far more tangible in cultural sphere than in socioeconomic and political spheres. There was no more cultural isolation, and Russia found itself compatible with Western values. On its early stage of development, there were powdered wigs and French aristocratic culture, but then came new books, new ideas, universities and academies; a new layer of society with European education emerged. This layer was far from being dominant but nevertheless it represented a new material and spiritual culture within Russia s traditional society. Not only the noble estate but Russia s general population got acquainted with Western values, especially in the period of Napoleonic wars, when Russian soldiers crossed Europe. This new knowledge inspired the society to compare Russian and Western social and cultural patterns. It was an extremely important shift in evolution of national and self-identification psychology. Since Petrine times, Russian society faced the problem of finding its own place in Europe. Actually, Peter the Great formulated a national goal as a return to the framework of the world civilization. However, the absence
7 7 of transmission belts for modernization as well as Russia s underdeveloped social structures hampered Westernization of Russia. At the same time, those factors were sources of Russia s adherence to the Western values having turned into a crucial task. Hence psychologically frustrating nature of Russian perception of the Western experience. Russia s participation in European affairs, especially after the 1815 Vienna Congress, obviously contradicted its self-perception of being treated as a low-profile, semibarbaric, and Asiatic country. This seems to be a source of duality and modality of national identity. This self-perception combined Russia s strife for grandeur and a high-profile place in the world, as well as its feeling of being treated as a humiliated second-rate country. Hence its self-perception of being juxtaposed to the Western experience. On the one hand, Russia wanted to follow the lead to the West and to borrow its values; on the other hand, Russia was resolute to defend its distinctive path of development. As these tendencies were intertwined in the framework of Russia s search for identity, their conflict is something more than a banal opposition of traditionalism and modernism. Within Russian intellectual elite, this conflict was conceptualized and resulted in confrontation of different ideological trends. One of them, the Westernizing one, considers rights of the individual to be its corner stone. The other one, Slavophile, accepts authoritarian government and severe restrictions on human rights, while seeing the source of the country s further development in its own particular traditions. The former tradition embraces universal rights, the latter cultural relativism and national particularism. The first tendency pushes Russia towards the West while the second one results in Russia pursuing a policy of self-isolation. The Westernizing tradition has for many centuries been weaker than the Slavophile one. To put is short, Russia has always vacillated between self-isolation and openness to the outer world. A key element of all Russian history, which suffuses the nation's political culture, is the idea of a strong state authority, to which our native-soil patriots so love to appeal. This does not mean, however, that the seeds of liberal freedoms were eradicated from the national political culture; they were always there and remain so today. Rather, they are emerging from their suppression (Chugrov, 2000, ). If favorable conditions are created, they will emerge from their lethargic state and produce viable shoots in natural, not foreign, soil - in the social and psychological soil that was cultivated in feudal
8 8 Novgorod and Pskov ( ) with town-assembly (veche) democracy, in pre- Petrine Russia with its strong peasant community (mir), and in post-reform Russia with the democratic apparatus of the local authorities (zemstvos). The fundamental conclusion is that in no way can democracy be considered a "Western invention," and in no way does it introduce a false note into the political culture of the native soil (Chugrov, 1996, 36-37). From the other point of view, the traditions and moral principles of other ethnic groups were always represented as unusual and peculiar. One can agree with those investigators who regard the "foreignness" (ino-strannost) complex as the initial point of reference for relating to other nations (a foreigner, inostranets, is not only a person from another country but also someone who is inoi (different) and strannyi (strange)). To illustrate the perception of "other countries" (inye strany) let us turn to the brief and grotesque characteristics of European peoples we find in Kuchelbäker in his European Letters. "Italians did not exist as a people for thousands of years, but without existence as a people it is difficult not to be crafty and to be noble and forthright." The French, in his opinion, are frivolous, as cruel, in their opinions and as insensitive, as children, and hence can be called "the children among European peoples, but spoiled children." Germans, it seems, enjoy his greater sympathy: "Bold often to the point of lunacy in their hypotheses and theories, they were always timid in actual fact; they have never emerged from a state of warship and hence they have never, anywhere, ceased being youths." Kuchelbäker grants the nations inhabiting the northwest of the continent, and in particular the English, the right to call themselves the "men and warriors among Europeans." However, "these strong tribes also had all the shortcomings of a cold maturity--severity, self-interest, and lack of sensitivity." Shifting his attention to the description of the features of Russian national character, this friend of Pushkin and the Decembrists does not begrudge some subtle praises. In Calabria, "which was known in European history for the grossness and wildness of its inhabitants," the traveler discovers a Russian settlement where "many truly educated and enlightened people" gave him "the most positive opinion about their fellow countrymen." Not satisfied with the brief notation of the merits of the Russians, the author describes a doyen of the colony, Dobrov, as "a representative of the outstanding people of our century." One gets a feeling that he is painting the portrait of some ideal creature. His eyes "seem like they want to penetrate into all the secrets of the soul of the person with whom he is
9 9 speaking," and in his home "there reigns extreme order, a subtle and refined taste, and splendor without luxury, abundance without waste, order without constraint, thrift without timidity or meanness"; even Dobrov's wife is an "ideal of feminine perfection (Vzglyad skvoz stoletiya, ). Let us recall, for example, the ancient Russian saying: "What's healthy for the Russian is death for the German." There is a multitude of such examples, but they are contradictory. Every proverb reflects only one side of the truth and makes it an absolute. To continue this theme of how Russians perceive the German character, we can see a whole range of rather respectful stereotypes --"the Prussian is gut (i.e., good), but the Russian is guter (better)"--to the confrontational--"the Russian puts pepper in German sauce." And, although many such sayings have now fallen into disuse, nonetheless the stereotypes corresponding to them obviously remain hidden in the secret recesses of popular consciousness, exerting an influence on the evolution of a society's political culture by conserving nationalistic conceptions. To explain the processes that take place in national consciousness, it is important to stress that a stereotyped perception of an "alien" ethnic group characterizes not so much that ethnic group as the ethnic group in which the stereotype was formed and is in current use. Indeed, different nations will evaluate any nation state not only in very different but sometimes even in opposing ways. There is no doubt that nationalist stereotypes (and this is a fundamentally important point) are a peculiar projection of "one's own" values onto "others." As for Russian self-identification in comparison with the West, one should bear in mind that patience is perceived in Russia as exceptionally important value. Russian religious consciousness gives especially high profile to patience (Kasyanova, ). In a sense, it is an essential component of national identity as has become a quality conterposed to Western constructive activity. Multiple examples of this kind show that Moscow faces the following alternative. On the one hand, it may nurture an idea of its distinctive path of development, which is principally incompatible with the Western path. On the other hand, Moscow may pursue a messianic policy (Moscow is the Third Rome), which is aimed at joining the West. This conflictual nature of Russian identity reflects one latent and fundamental feature of Russian mentality -- inherent anxiety and lack of stability of
10 10 its attitudes and values. From the point of view of history, this inner conflict of Russian mindset looks quite natural as Russian historic development lacked evolutionary features. Short periods of radical transformations (under Peter I, Catherine II, Alexander II, Communism, perestroika, and liberalization) often gave place to periods of conservatism and stagnation. Moreover, transformations quite often did not derive from natural evolution of the society but were planned and arranged by the top echelons of power. As a result, every stage of social transformation remained unfinished; new norms, values, and orientations proved capable of only shattering the old ones but failed to replace them. Therefore, essential characteristics of the personality and culture in Russia remained conflicted and uncertain. This instability in many respects explains Russia s perception of the Western experience. It makes Russian mentality remind of a sponge: it is highly capable of absorbing different cultural trends and values. Moreover, qualities largely attributed to Russian mentality are flexibility, mobility, and openness to the outer world. In pre-revolution Russia, these qualities were not strong enough to penetrate into mass consciousness, but they remained latent and dormant until prerequisites for attractiveness of the Western model were formed in Russia. These prerequisites came to the forefront with the partial liberalization of the socioeconomic life, development of enterpreneurship, and penetration of Western capital to Russia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Bolshevik revolution and construction of socialism made this tendency fade. The mentioned above patience facilitated the acceptance of a totalitarian style of government after The very first steps of the Soviet leadership in provide us with evidence of the new elite s low opinion of bourgeois values. In the s, so-called revolutionary expediency was the clear excuse for unlimited violations of human rights. Therefore, the new Soviet Russia became isolated from the outer world. Communist ideology transformed critical attitudes toward the West into proletarian irreconcilability to the bourgeois democracy. The Bolsheviks sought to build a society designed for the people but slid back into totalitarian rule which could be envied by almost all despots in the world's history. The political culture has continued to move in zigzags despite the best desires of revolutionaries. However, before the World War II and especially during the war, revolutionary internationalism though
11 11 conserved in official parlance gave way to great-power nationalism. Ideologically it was nurtured by a slogan of advantages of socialism over hostile Western capitalism. After the World War II, this divide of the world into the camps of bourgeois democracies and peoples democracies explains many conflicts with the outer world, including the 1956 and 1968 invasions of Hungary and of Czechoslovakia. As a counterexample, after Stalin s death, in a way, the Khrushchev thaw opened a period of exchanges with the West, thus undermining Soviet isolation. Some see every crack in isolation as at least a long term and indirect step forward in the promotion of Western values. The opposite is also true: any promotion of Western values is a heavy blow at selfisolation. Thus, a window of opportunities opened, and Western mass culture began to penetrate through the iron curtain. Comparison of the Soviet and Western structures of consumption was a mortal blow at anti-western stereotypes of Soviet official ideology. Stagnation of economy and degradation of ideological norms in the 1960s led to a sort of cultural pluralism, though it failed to result in the Western-type ideological or political pluralism. Multiple West-oriented trends mushroomed together with dissidents persecuted by official propaganda. The improvement of East-West relations in the early 1970s, known as détente, actually stemmed from the military parity achieved by the Soviet Union with the United States. But détente was quickly followed by a Western foreign policy line emphasizing human rights issues, which forced them to the front of Russian domestic policies. The signing of the Helsinki Agreement on 1 August 1975 was an event of special, albeit ambiguous, importance. On the one hand, Helsinki diplomacy served as a source of the new thinking. On the other hand, provisions on human rights in the Agreement were a source of constant irritation to the Brezhnev leadership. Of course, pressure from the U.S. and other Western states was a powerful driving force. However, all we know about the Gorbachev period testifies that it was a bilateral process since Gorbachev, in fact, saw more clearly than any of his predecessors the links between domestic and foreign policy and appreciated that as long as the Soviet Union persecuted dissidents, Soviet relations with the West would be based on mistrust (Brown, 1996).
12 12 Yet even after the attempted coup against this new thinking by hard line communists, he still saw a preferred role for his communist party (Amnesty International Report, 1990, 244). In summation to this point, Russia has faced great difficulty in coming to terms with Western values in its own culture, hence the lack of coherence in Russia s policy and its vacillations between East and West. The Russian intellectual tradition is plagued by a paradox: the longing for Russia s modernization, which includes human rights, is matched in intensity only by the fear of it (Chernyaeva, 1997, 45). Before analyzing the new situation in mass consciousness in Russia, the authors should turn once more to the archetypes of national mentality since they have accumulated Russian views on national identity as being opposed to Western values. Before the end of the 20th century, the majority of Russians considered themselves to be a nation that does not belong to any of the existing civilizations and is separated by cultural and psychological barriers from both -- occidental and oriental civilizations. In 1999, 60 percent of those surveyed shared an opinion that Russia is a specific country that is neither Europe nor Asia. However, if the question is put a bit differently ( Are Russian traditions, culture, and history closer to Europe or Asia?), the share of those who consider Russia to be neither Europe nor Asia drops to 38 percent. At the same time, the number of respondents who consider it to be closer to Europe is 45 percent and to Asia -- only 16 percent. (FOM. Sotsiologicheskye soobshcheniya, 1999, 11, 19). Thus, we can clearly see that Russian attitudes comprise both pro-western as well as anti-western views. So, what is the Russian perception of national identity? Let us turn to a couple of national public opinion surveys conducted in 1989 and 1994 correspondingly in the RSFR and Russia. Below is the break-down of answers to the question: What qualities are most characteristic for Russians? (in percent): openhearted hospitable patient and tolerant unpragmatic labor-loving irresponsible 22 29
13 13 active 2 22 Source: Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya (Economic and Social Change. The Monitoring of Public Opinion), 1995, 1, 13. As one can clearly see, the old stereotypes of critical self-assessment, i.e. lack of pragmatic incentives, lack of responsibility, have been deeply imbedded in national mentality. In the late 1980s and 90s, between one-third to four-tenths of the general population shared these views. In another survey conducted in 1994, 76 percent of the respondents shared an opinion that Russians do not like to work, and only 6 percent expressed opposite views. (Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya, 1997, 2, 21). Positive compensatory qualities appear to be equally strong and persistent. An average Russian looks at himself/herself as lazy, passive, dependent of circumstances, though rather good-natured in human relations and, above all, stuck to an old principle of patience. At the same time, the results of the same public opinion surveys demonstrate that stability of traditional stereotypes is far from being absolute. They are subject of changes under pressure of objective circumstances. The period of was a the time of such kind of radical changes. During this period, the socialist state paternalistic system was demolished; a new wild market structure emerged. New lines of divide are being formed, which stem from the degree of adaptation of the people to the new environment. Sociopsychological differentiation becomes more pronounced (this can be seen from the above table). Those who failed with their adaptation make use of compensatory national stereotypes of a sympathetic (though a bit naive and non-pragmatic) nation with patience as the ultimate value. Others realize that in order to adapt to the new environment they should get rid of these stereotypes and are in search of new qualities compatible with new conditions. Hence the radical change of stereotypes -- the share of the respondents who point at Russians being fond of hard labor demonstrated in five years a 1.5 times increase, whereas their adherence to a participative pattern of behavior increased over three times. This may be interpreted as one more symptom of Russian flexibility and openness. In the next section, the authors analyze those factors that influenced Russian attitudes toward the West and Western values during the past ten years.
14 14 II. The West and Ideological Conflicts in Post-Communist Russia One of the most influential factors at work in the late 1980s and early 1990s was an ideological turmoil within Russian political and intellectual elite. It derived from drastic reorientation of the country s leadership to a rapprochement with the West, borrowing Western patterns in modernization of Russia s political and economic system. It was Gorbachev who initiated this shift as he tried to combine socialist and universal (in fact, Western) values in the framework of his new thinking. During the first phase of Yeltsin s rule, this line in ideology and politics was considerably reinforced as the main driving forces of the Yeltsin revolution were anti-communism and liberal values. The pro-western and liberal orientation faced a growing resistance from hard-line Communists, the military and special services, red directors, especially in the military industrial complex. Non-Communist nationalist and anti-communist intellectual and political forces that had emerged even before perestroika period, also challenged the Western liberalism. In spite of permanent hostile relations between the Communists and non-communist nationalists (for instance, between the Communist Party and Vladimir Zhirinovsky s LDPR), they drifted closer to each other ideologically. It is beyond our tasks to analyze all details of ideological and political alignment of forces in the post-soviet society. For the purposes of this paper, it is sufficient to provide a generalized analysis of major ideas of opposing groupings. Leaders of the reformist group do not hesitate to proclaim their pro-western programmatic orientation. For example, Yegor Gaidar wrote in one of his theoretical papers: Our main goal I consider to be the construction in our country of a stable and, at the same time, dynamic and prosperous Western-type society. Russia s main dilemma can be determined as a purely traditional East-West conflict. According to Gaidar, the principal difference between the Western and Eastern civilizations is a developed market based on free property rights... Among the world civilizations the Western one proved to be the most efficient. During the 18th - 20th centuries Russia found itself astride between Eastern (Asian) and Western paths of development. Its being incapable to choose between them looked like a permanent crisis of Russian mentality. Now the Eastern empire collapsed, and Russia
15 15 enjoys a unique chance to change its social and economic orientation and to become a Western-type republic (Gaidar, 1995, 10, 30,57, 189,199, 202). The main pillar of liberalism à la Gaidar is his economic strategy ( Russia s choice in favor of Western liberalism is, in fact, its joining the most efficient civilization. It appears to be a rational choice. The principal ideological symbol of this choice is private property. If spiritual leaders of the perestroika period, and the brightest of them, Andrei Sakharov, put above all such values as political freedoms, democracy, human rights, the advocates of radical economic reforms do not pay much attention to these values in their programmatic statements (though, in general, they share these values). Cultural and psychological cleavages between the Russian and Western societies they attribute to purely economic factors. According to Gaidar, a tradition of a strong legitimacy of property is the principal psychological and cultural backbone, which supports the entire European capitalism (ibid., 61). It is evident that economic emphasis of the new liberal Westernizers can be explained not only by their professional interests but, first of all, by the situation in the country in the 1990s. The exacerbation of the economic crisis at the end of the Gorbachev period, assumed new forms under Yeltsin. Primarily, this crisis derived from difficulties and errors of the reformist governments. The major goal for the society was to get out of this crisis, and it overshadowed all other problems. Russian leadership, as often happens in our history, tried to solve the problem by emergency measures and power activities of the top state authorities. In this context, the Westernizing ideology assumed characteristic features of a technocratism and economic determinism. Ideological and political opponents of this Westernizing liberalism failed to challenge it with the same type of rational argumentation. As a matter of fact, they try to benefit from all disasters that plagued Russia in the 1990s - dramatic GNP decline, impoverishment of the general population, Mafiaization of the country, and sky-rocketing prices, as well as the state s being incapable to finance expenses on social security, R&D, army, and state apparatus. However, they failed to turn these accusations into a real program. Of course, the Communists benefited from the nostalgic mood of the general population referring to a happy life under the Communist rule. However, it was hardly possible to introduce an ideology based on restoration of totalitarian power of those who
16 16 promised a better life but cheated. Under Yeltsin, neither Communists, nor non-communist critics of liberalism were able to offer something looking like an real economic ideology. Since the opponents of liberal reforms proved incapable to counter them in the field of economic rationalism and efficiency, they preferred a metaphysical sphere of nationalist myths and emotions. Actually, there were some serious reasons for such a choice. First, the liberal orientation toward an alien, Western model was painful for national proud and self-esteem, and this made the liberal paradigm visibly vulnerable. Second, the bulk of the Russian society suffered from the syndrome of dismemberment stemming from the break-up of the Soviet Union and the collapse of its status of a great power. Due to a large proportion of Russians in Ukraine, Moldavia, Central Asia, Kazakhstan, and Baltic states, the dissipation of the Empire was far more painful for Russians than the loss of colonial empires by the British, French, or other nations. The problem of ethnic Russians living in the former Soviet republics remains one of the most traumatic experiences for the post-soviet Russian consciousness. Finally, Moscow s euphoria regarding prospects of its political rapprochement with the West and its joining the club of Western powers was replaced by disillusionment. It has become clear that in spite of sympathies toward new Russian democracy, the West was far from granting it large-scale Marshall-plan-like assistance. Moreover, the West was not ready to turn a blind eye at contradictions, delays, and errors of Russia s reformers as well as their failure to strictly stick to Western economic and political recommendations. Ideology of the anti-liberal forces was nurtured, first of all, by nostalgic expectations of the former Soviet nomenklatura that has become an integral part of the new post-soviet elite. Actually, the consciousness of this old Soviet elite, since Stalin times, has been permeated by a great-power nationalism only slightly flavored by Marxist internationalism. New conditions made it possible to uncover the face and to ideologically merge with non-communist nationalist and chauvinist forces. The main anti-western political force, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF), having proclaimed its adherence to the national patriotic values, at the same time, failed to soften egalitarianism and anti-capitalist populism nurtured by virulent Stalinism of its supporters and activists. The Communist leaders could not stop praising ideals of recent Communist past. This did not diminish the stamina of its nationalist rhetoric
17 17 and turned its ideological platform into a strange mixture of nationalist and class principles. Genuine nationalism is incompatible with such a mixture because interests of the nation are its utmost priority that is above all group interests, including those of the poor, working people, etc. In principle, nationalism can co-exists with any socio-economic system provided it serves the grandeur of the nation. In 1995, the Dukhovnoye naslediye (Spiritual Heritage) political movement was formed assuming a mission of purifying great-power nationalist ideology of alien ideas. Its leader Alexei Podberyozkin, at the first stage, tried to play the role of the CPRF s chief of staff, but rather soon he changed the tactics in favor of emphasizing cleavages and accusing the Communist leadership of dogmatism. However, these cleavages were more tactical than strategical ones. Podberyozkin himself having been one of the founders and a co-chairman of the Peoples Patriotic Union of Russia, is of an opinion that autonomous status of his political movement facilitates his major task of unifying all national patriotic forces including non-communist trends, politicians, and media. This status also facilitates modernization of the movement, getting rid of extremist trends (xenophobia, chauvinism) and such discredited ideals as Stalinist version of socialism or Russian absolutism of the Tzarist times. Though Podberyozkin and his movement failed to win substantial political weight (The Spiritual Heritage lost the 1999 parliamentary elections and its leader s showing was rather poor at the June 2000 presidential vote) in the framework of ideology they can be viewed as the most modern and representative trend of Russian anti-western nationalism. In this context, their ideas are far more interesting than vociferous and clownish anti-communist ultra-nationalism of Vladimir Zhirinovsky. One can make a judgment on purity of Podberyozkin s nationalism from his striking capacity to absorb practically all ideas including those that seem to be absolutely incompatible with each other. For instance, in his book Podberyozkin argues that all attempts of restoration of the old regime,.. as well as of artificial implantation of Western ideas in Russian soil are doomed to failure. At the same time, the Spiritual Heritage proclaims in its program its adherence to the non-interference of the state in private life,.. genuine respect of human rights, human dignity, guarantees of economic and political freedoms, non-interference in legal activities of public organizations, political parties, and religious associations. At the same time, the program emphasizes its being in
18 18 congruence with the views of the advocates of the socialist path of development and mentions positive experience of socialism, its achievements in the recent past. Thus, pro- Western ideas of human rights, civil, economic, and political freedoms peacefully co-exist with reanimation of socialism. The Spiritual Heritage s program rejects the liberal model of development that is alien to Russia and leads the country to an impasse. It proclaims Russian spirituality incompatible with liberalism and radical democratic models. However, parallelly it backs the goals of Russia s democratic revival, minimal state interference in economics, respect of private property rights, and genuine privatization. And above all, in Podberyozkin s view, Russia s path of development is the path of Russian Communism! To put it short, in works of the leader of the Spiritual Heritage and in the documents of the movement, the advocates of different ideologies -- Communists, nationalists, and liberals -- can find some of their basic ideas. This ideological vegetable soup and striking capacity of its chief creator to say simultaneously yes and no may produce an impression of being a theoretical delirium. «Such a verdict seems to be not quite appropriate, however. Podberyozkin s real goal was to form in the mass consciousness a patriotic ideology, modern national idea, which could become a strategy of development for the State and the Nation. Its concrete message is quite obvious: By and large, all Russia s activities inside and outside national borders should be connected to the strategic goal of restoration of the great state, its turning into the world intellectual and spiritual leader, into the vanguard of the Slavic peoples and into the nucleus of the future Eastern Empire. This flourishing rhetoric hides rather concrete short-term goals: We must do our best to restore Russia in its borders of 1990 by means of peaceful and democratic means, and its does not matter whether it is called Union, Empire, or otherwise. Taking into consideration the current state of affairs in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and, first of all, Moscow s relations with the Baltic states, it is hardly possible to take seriously this reference to peaceful and democratic means. And though the question of what could become this Eastern Slavic empire or Russian or Soviet empire remains open, it is clear that the main target of Podberyozkian national idea is not so much inside Russia as outside the country. Its essence is in restoration of the empire and strengthening its
19 19 influence in the world. Podberyozkin is ready to make use of any political or ideological resources -- be they democracy or authoritarianism, values of free market or Communism, -- only if they help consolidate Russian society around this goal. In this logic, the West is Russia s main foe; even nowadays it tries to deprive Russia of sovereignty and independence. Russian idea in the Spiritual Heritage s interpretation is essentially an idea of mobilization of all material and spiritual resources of the nation with the end of restoration, reincarnation, and widening of the Great Empire. The scenario is quite traditional and was consequently implemented by many Russian rulers from Ivan the Terrible to Stalin and Brezhnev. In this sense, Podberyozkin s movement actually safeguards historical heritage. In the old times as well as nowadays, its implementation conserved economic and social backwardness, archaic structures, poverty and absence of freedom for the general population. As a matter of fact, the main prerequisite for mobilization is a despotic, authoritarian state, which dominates the society and personality. The following statement is especially typical for Podberyozkin s logic, which is based on bringing together incompatible ideas: the world view of a great power patriot should be focused on human personality, its development, and self-realization, whereas the state with its institutions should serve as the most efficient instrument of such a development, and sometimes, the only one (Podberyozkin 1998, 16, 22, 40, 56, 117, 269, 274, 275, 282). The subordinate clause in this citation, in fact, directly contradicts the meaning of the main clause: it is hardly possible to discuss development and self-realization of a personality if the state institutions determine how and in what direction it should develop and realize its potential! Thus, the polemics of the modern Westernizers and Slavophiles (or rather great-power nationalists) hide confrontation of opposite concepts of Russia s path of development: based either on efficient market economy and liberal society or on suppression of economic, cultural, and other spheres of social life. For an advocate of the former path of development the image of the West plays the role of an attractive pattern; for a protagonist of the latter one -- the role of a scare-crow and an anachronism (Podberyozkin, ibid., 43). In their fight for influence, both liberals and nationalists have their trump-cards and vulnerable points. Liberal ideology correlates with rather traditional, though a bit vague,
20 20 Russian dream to live as all other people live, with a perception of the West as a well-todo, stable and civilized society. Due to a series of intensive contacts with the West, this perception has become deeply rooted in the mass consciousness. An opinion that the Western society faces a crisis is widely aired by the patriotic propaganda. However, it sounds rather abstract for rank-and-file Russians and it often has nothing to do with their current concerns. Neither lack of spirituality, nor criticism of the consumption society intimidate Russians as they know pretty well from their own experience that one cannot eat spiritual food living below subsistence level, which is almost nothing in comparison with Western standards. Far more fearful may be prospects of military conflicts that may derive from the struggle for empire. The patriotic trump cards are national humiliation and failure of attempts to quickly switch to the Western path in the 1990s. The authors withstand from analyzing the sources of this failure, but in any case, the basic paradigm of Russian liberals contained some elements that significantly limited their potential influence. In essence, this paradigm was focused upon an ideal (and not practical issues) of a free market that had inspired the conservative wave of the 1970s and 1980s and economic course chosen by Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher. Hence the vague and somewhat conflicted attitude of the Russian liberals toward social aspects of the market modernization. In his analysis of modern social capitalism, Yegor Gaidar diversifies two versions of its socialization : on the one hand, the state regulation and social reformism (including different social guarantees -- medicare, education, labor market, pensions, tax exemptions, etc.), and, on the other hand, traditional values of liberalism and active budgetary and monetary policy of the state. Gaidar clearly prefers the latter version and argues that the state regulation and social reformism help avoid the explosion of passions but fail to guarantee economic progress. The first pattern is likely to result in blocking economic progress, budgetary crisis, growing inflation and, finally, in stagnation and unemployment. At the same time, Gaidar thinks that the choice between the social state and free capitalism is not actually important for Russia: let us change the system and construct the basis of Western society, and only after that these problems become important (Gaidar, 1995, 38, 39, 190). From the point of view of the rational choice theory, this conclusion seems to be impeccable, but for the general population of Russia, its own financial situation
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here are some things from a couple dudes in the show. so neat.
sam brosnan: portlander: photographer: filmmaker:
Evening Commute from Sam Brosnan on Vimeo.
dominik kruger: portlander: photographer: awesome
i really love his approach to architectural photographer. really smooth and really nice lines that he captures.
ryuchi ogino (ogi): painter: awesome:

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Sunday, 4 October 2009
On being unwell
This is a very dull post, I know. But didn't want the weekend to pass in complete silence. If anyone out there is suffering, I feel for you...
19 comments:
- Keren David said...
hope you feel better soon
- 4 October 2009 at 15:48
- Lazywell said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- 4 October 2009 at 15:52
- jaywalker said...
Don't want to scare you as there is no need in an otherwise fit person but it could be swine flu. I had a dose accompanied by runny nose, vomiting, chills and a rash and diarrrhoea. (Myalgia is muscle aches.) See below.
Mine passed after 3 days without medical treatment.
Although uncomplicated influenza-like illness (fever, cough or sore throat) has been reported in many cases, mild respiratory illness (nasal congestion, rhinorrhea) without fever and occasional severe disease also has been reported. Other symptoms reported with swine influenza A virus infection include vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, headache, chills, fatigue, and dyspnea.
- 4 October 2009 at 18:13
- kairu said...
Hope you feel better soon! (Ooh...rambunctious dinner party?).
I am abroad currently, in Taiwan, where even in the slightly calmer north we are being pounded with wind and rain, so I am spending any time not eating in restaurants at my parents' home, in my pajamas, reading from my mother's collection of cookbooks. Although I did bring several new books to read this time, Beryl Markham's West By the Night, some cozy Alexander McCall Smith mysteries, and the enchantingly titled The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (which I have read before but wanted to revisit, more deeply and lingeringly this time).
I hope you can pull the eiderdown cozily around you and seek solace in a book, or nap away until you feel better.
- 4 October 2009 at 19:30
wishing you a speedy recovery Justine, hope the bed rest works its wonders
- 4 October 2009 at 23:56
- enid said...
Please please look after yourself - we all need you . Get better quickly.
- 5 October 2009 at 00:36
- Cornflower said...
How miserable for you. Hope you're feeling better soon.
- 5 October 2009 at 01:30
- Justine Picardie said...
Thank you everyone. Have been feeling piggishly sick in the last 24 hours, but propped up with my computer this morning, wrestling with Chanel...
- 5 October 2009 at 02:09
- Knitting Out Loud said...
From Maine: Hot water, lemon juice and honey, PG Wodehouse and a hot water bottle.
Hope you feel better soon!
- 5 October 2009 at 07:08
- Karen, Surrey said...
We have suffered with this last week. Poor you. Get well soon.
- 5 October 2009 at 08:23
- oxford-reader said...
I hope you feel better soon! I feel my own bout of sickness is upon me - Oxford Freshers arrive tomorrow (Tuesday) and will all no doubt be sneezing and hacking by Friday. I may have to ban them from the office!
- 5 October 2009 at 12:13
- JaneGS said...
Hope you get through this flu quickly--never fun to be ill and all the press around H1N1 doesn't help ease the anxiety. I don't comment often but I do get so much out of your posts, visiting your site is always an interesting time.
- 5 October 2009 at 19:24
- Justine Picardie said...
Thanks for your kind thoughts, though I don't feel at all interesting today, just feak and weeble, as my grandmother used to say.
- 6 October 2009 at 10:17
- kairu said...
"Feak and weeble"? That is hilarious. Time for more napping, tea and toast, and cozy books.
- 6 October 2009 at 19:22
- Sue said...
hope you feel a little better each day, but don't try too much too soon - it never works! Takes much longer to get properly better.
look forward to seeing more cheerful postings from you soon, take care, keep warm
(God, beginning to sound like my grandmother, swore I wouldn't ...)
- 7 October 2009 at 00:46
- oxford-reader said...
My father says feak and weeble too - I think it's a wonderful phrase!
Hope you're less so today!
- 7 October 2009 at 05:40
- Karen said...
Just seeing if this works - havent done this before
- 13 October 2009 at 18:16
- Karen said...
Hope you are fully better now, Justine. It is odd how reading your books, particularly everything i have read aobut Ruth, has let me feel such fondness for you. You are amzingly brave and honest, as she was too.Have much mor eto say but this feels odd to me still, being a blog virgin up to now.
- 19 October 2009 at 15:21
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- 19 July 2010 at 19:45


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Creative designer Helena Garcia is behind the faces of these Japanese-inspired cartoons including Gameboy Girl, Pandette and the Hoody Bandit as she has named them. Garcia is a graduate of the Ringling School of Art and Design in Sarasota, Florida and credits her inspiration to Japanese aesthetics, cartoons from the 60s and vintage design. Some of Garcia's clients include The Girl Scouts of USA, Bust Magazine and Emusica Records.
Check out Helena's Japanese-inspired cartoons above and keep clicking for more artwork from Trend Hunters archives.
Culturalized Cartoons
More Stats +/-
Aged Cartoons
97 Caricatures and Cartoons
63 Cartoon Remixes
14 Untooned Cartoons
Anti-Corporation Cartoons
Helena Garcia Creates Japanese-Inspired Cartoons
- By: Venessa FisherJan 13, 2010
References: helenagarcia & coroflot
References: helenagarcia & coroflot


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Kolkata : Goddess Saraswati, the deity of knowledge, learning and music, was worshiped across the city Tuesday. Women, clad in traditional yellow saris, offered flowers, children participated in cultural programmes and families shared 'prasad'.
Clay idols of the goddess were seen with a crescent moon on the brow, riding a swan or seated on a lotus with flowers, fruits and sweets placed as offerings before it.
Small marquees were put up in various localities where neighbours gathered to pay obeisance to the goddess.
The rituals started early morning and lasted till midday in schools, colleges, community clubs and households, with priests chanting mantras and devotees placing seasonal 'Palash' flowers at the deity's feet to the ringing sounds of cymbals and conch shells.
Family members pitched in to make necessary arrangements for the elaborate rituals.
Women and girls were decked up in saris in various shades of yellow signifying 'Basant Panchami', heralding the arrival of spring.
People from all age groups also had generous amounts of the customary 'khichdi' - a mixture of rice and lentils - accompanied with dollops of sweet chutney.
Traditionally, the day is a no-study affair for students who are happy to give their textbooks a miss to participate in functions organised by their educational institutes.
To receive the goddess's blessings, students place their books, pens and musical instruments beside the idol for the entire day.
Students sing Rabindranath Tagore's songs with harmonium and 'tanpura' playing in the background.


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For SS16 Domingo Rodriguez presents his menswear collection, a simplistic combination of masculine and feminine details.
Signature design aesthetics of a modern take on minimalism and luxury craftsmanship continue within the SS16 collection.
Razor sharp pattern cutting of deceptively simple techniques create a clean, modern look.
collection offers classic monochromatic colourways in a variety of new textures and finishes, providing a directional yet relaxed everyday look.
This season is a play on masculine and feminine ideals by taking menswear staples such as the denim jacket, parka, tailored blazer and in floaty fabrications such as silk georgette and crepes, which skim the body highlighting the silhouette.
There is a sense of delicacy and softness to the collection, showcased with the sheer silk black button up shirt, which is balanced with the structure and hardware of the collection, shown with the custom summer weight leather jacket.
There is also a sports mentality in the finishing of the collection with elasticated hems, button off hoods and metal hardware to create a balance to the softness of the feminine fabrics. The core structure of Domingo Rodriguez continues to emphasize the quality that goes into the construction of each piece.
The minimally cut fabric and double layered hems create a high fashion and high quality finish.
The pattern cutting technique creates a sleek modern look with a seamless luxury finish.


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They came from Walker Basin, a speck of a community at the edge of the Sequoia National Forest. From the farm town of Reedley, where a barber gives boys joining the military free haircuts before they ship out.
They came from San Francisco. Los Angeles. San Diego.
When they died, photos went up on post office walls in their hometowns. On Veterans Day, there are parades and charity golf tournaments. Buddies gather at graves to drink to the ones who are gone.
In the 11 years since the wars began in Iraq and Afghanistan, 725 service members from California have been killed.
As all veterans are honored, the fallen are remembered
Many died young — 41% were not yet 22. Sixty-three were still teenagers.
They were fun-loving singles. Forty-seven were engaged. They were married, leaving behind 307 wives and husbands. They had children — 432 sons and daughters.
Forty of their obituaries noted that the Sept. 11 attacks spurred them to join up. Some were in elementary school when they watched the Twin Towers fall.


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It is a common question: "Why don't the automakers sell more cars and trucks powered by compressed natural gas (CNG)?"
With nat gas at its lowest price in years (down 48 percent last year) while gasoline moves up above $4 a gallon, more people are interested in driving a nat gas vehicle. But look around, and you will find few for sale and only a few more on the road.
Blame it on the lack of infrastructure. There are so few nat gas pumps open to the public across the United States, auto executives fear the public's desire to buy a nat gas powered vehicles will be limited at best. After all, why would some people buy a CNG car/truck if there are only a handful of places nearby to re-fuel that vehicle.
Consider this. There are more than 157,000 service stations in the U.S. with gasoline pumps.
This is why you see gas stations on seemingly every corner in suburban America. By comparison, there are just 505 stations that sell compressed natural gas to the public. In fact, there are six states that do not have a single CNG pump.
It's the classic chicken and egg dilemma. Automakers are hesitant to build CNG powered vehicles if there won't be mass sales. Without a slew of pumps around the country, the public will not buy/demand a large number of CNG models. And if there are not many people driving CNG cars, service station owners will not want to invest millions of dollars installing nat gas tanks or pumps that will generate little profit.
Despite the plans for many nat gas suppliers to grow the number of CNG pumps across the country, the increase will be slow.
Service stations make only a small percentage of their profits from the fuel they sell. Most of their profits come from the drinks, snacks, and other items they sell to people who come in to fill up. And from the service station owners perspective, the pumps that bring in as many customers as possible are the pumps that help drive the business.
Right now, compressed natural gas is a promising option for the future. In reality, few are filling up on the clean fuel.
Follow Phil LeBeau on Twitter: @lebeaucarnews


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"You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength. And these words which I command you today shall be in your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall talk of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up."
(Deut 6:5-7)
We consider it a privilege and an honor to assist our families in the carrying out of God's requirement to teach their children about Him. Our dedicated teachers work very hard to try and bring the Scriptures alive for the children in our church. We currently have a nursery and Kidchurch classes available for ages 3 through 12.
CCM Staff : KidChurch
Brandi Hoff
Testimony : On Christmas Eve when I was 12 years old, I found that I could no longer pretend that I was saved in order to conform to those around me. I had prayed a prayer of repentance earlier that summer at Vacation Bible School at a small church near our home, but I had simply said the words, my heart was not truly repentant. I was far too shy to ever respond to the altar call in our own church, but this small VBS provided me with an easy 'out'. So, I raised my hand, prayed a prayer, and told my family. I was soon baptized and was pleased that no one would be bothering me any more about getting saved. But, the Lord knew my heart was not truly given over to Him. By Christmas Eve, I could not escape the conviction I was feeling. I poured my heart out to my daddy, who then guided me to truly pray a prayer of sincere repentance, and since that time, my heart has belonged to the Lord. It is to my shame that I have continued to try and live life on my own terms far too many times in the years since then, but I am thankful for our merciful Father who always welcomes me back to Him with open arms.
Ministry : I currently serve at Calvary Chapel Murfreesboro as the KidChurch director and special events planner. I also serve as the project leader for our church's Operation Christmas Child activities and as a year-round volunteer for Operation Christmas Child in the Mid-South region.
Family : I am blessed to be married to my best friend, Shea and the mother of two precious girls, Annaliese and Sanne. My father, Kent, is the pastor at CCM,and my mother, Dana, is a special education teacher.
Favorite Verse : "Therefore there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit of life set me free from the law of sin and death." Romans 8:1-2 NIV


text:
Wyndham Hotels Conway properties are listed below. Search for cheap and discount Wyndham Hotels hotel prices in Conway, AR for your personal or business trip. We list the best Wyndham Hotels Conway hotels & motels so you can review the Conway Wyndham Hotels hotel list below to find the perfect place.
This website will also list discounted Conway, AR hotels/properties that have similar quality of Wyndham Hotels.Need a group/meeting discount? Request a group rate for Conway AR
How should we direct your call?


text:
"What's New" - A look at the latest released and planned updates from Oracle
26 September 2016
Brad Galton, Oracle
Date: 4th October 2016
Time: :11:50 - 12:35
Track: HCM & HCM in the Cloud including Taleo
Cloud keeps us all on our toes with innovation coming downstream to us on a regular basis. It's always useful to pause and have a review of what has just arrived to make sure that you are making the best possible use of functionality that you have available, plus of course getting a glimpse of what the future holds.
Any user of the Fusion HCM systems will hopefully get a clear overview of the headline occurrences of recent past and near future.
We'd love to get your feedback on this; you'll need a UKOUG login to provide it, so if you don't have one, please click on 'create a web profile' first.


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However, my 3-month-old sewing machine decided it was time to have a tantrum and scratched the top cover fabric, on the very last step of assembling the project. Gah!! The resulting cover did not meet my quality standards and I communicated to Lindsey that I would re-do it.
She was so patient -- through all my sewing machine troubles (I had to exchange the lemon for a new one!), re-ordering fabric and re-making the order (by that point, competing with other due custom orders)-- that I decided to make her a little complementary zipper pouch with the leftover fabric, as a little "thank you" gift. It turned out so cute and I hope she's enjoying her set!


text:
MSI rap Corinthians over Carlos Alberto axing
RIO DE JANEIRO, Nov 7 (Reuters) - Brazilian champions Corinthians have been criticised by their London-based partners Media Sports Investments (MSI) over a decision to suspend midfielder Carlos Alberto.
MSI, who signed a controversial 10-year partnership with the Sao Paulo-based club in December 2004, said that they finance the team and did not accept the decision.
'MSI does not agree with the unilateral decisions taken by the directors of Sport Club Corinthians Paulista in relation to Carlos Alberto,' MSI said in a statement published on Corinthians's official Web site
'(MSI) will officially contest them, in view of the fact that the company is the exclusive holder of the rights to administer the club's football department.
'In addition to this, MSI understands that Carlos Alberto acted correctly to respond to the request of the people who invested in his contract and to meet abroad to deal with the problems which have happened in Brazil.'
Carlos Alberto was dropped last month after being involved in a public row with coach Emerson Leao.
The former Porto midfielder angrily remonstrated with Leao after being substituted in the 30th minute of a Copa Sudamericana tie away to Lanus of Argentina. He was barred from the team for insubordination and ordered to train alone.
Corinthians said in a statement issued by director of football Edvar Simoes that Carlos Alberto had been suspended for 29 days and fined 40 percent of his monthly wages.
The player abandoned the solitary training sessions after less than one week and travelled to London where he was the subject of speculation over a possible move to English premier league West Ham United.
Corinthians said in a separate statement: 'The penalties which have been applied, as provided for in the 10th clause of his contract of employment, are being communicated to the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF)...and the player.'
When Corinthians and MSI signed the deal, the investors agreed to pay off the club's debts and bank the costs of running the football department.
Carlos Alberto was one of a number of expensive signings brought to the club under the MSI deal.
Others included Argentine pair Carlos Tevez and Javier Mascherano, who have both moved to West Ham where they have struggled to settle.
Although Corinthians won last year's Brazilian championship, the partnership -- criticised from the outset by some club directors who said that not enough was known about MSI -- has been fraught with difficulties.
Leao is the seventh coach at the club in the last two years and there has been a huge turnover of players.
Corinthians were mired in the Brazilian championship relegation zone until last month but have pulled clear by winning their last four games.


text:
DUST TO DUST … Maureen Clifford © The #ScribblyBark Poet
Together they twined – a celestial dance
an ephemeral moment in time
The mist of the morning wrapped grey gauze around
the two lovers who met and entwined.
Clear rain drops hung silent – diamonds on the wire
the remnant of late summer storms
small faceted prisms - rainbows sparkling bright
that took on another life form.
Together the lovers blinded by the light
joined 'neath cerulean blue skies
as the blue sky cathedral shared blessings to earth
there were none there who heeded their cries.
They chased and they played crossing over each other
a ballet of sorts on the ground
until, both exhausted, they dropped and were still -
of the willy-willy nothing found.
Footnote: In Aboriginal myths, willy-willies represent spirit forms. They are often quite scary spirits, and parents may warn their children that if they misbehave, a spirit will emerge from the spinning vortex of dirt and chastise them. There is a story of the origin of the brolga in which a bad spirit descends from the sky and captures the young being and abducts her by taking the form of a willy-willy.
Welcome to the section of Silver Peers where we invite submissions from members and visitors for our Poetry Corner. We accept all forms of poetry - sonnets, daisy chains, haiku, free verse, bush poetry.....any type of poetry that you care to write - and the best shall be published in our forums.
Moderator: Mahalia
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- Mahalia
- Moderator (Bronze Member)
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The Scribbly Bark Poet
see some scribbles here - http://scribblybarkpoetry.blogspot.com.au/
see some scribbles here - http://scribblybarkpoetry.blogspot.com.au/
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1 post • Page 1 of 1


text:
by C.
feeling frightened and traumatised for the last four or five days. It is a feeling of impending doom. I obsess over certain things that have happened to me in the past.Even though i have shared about them and made amends were i needed to,the trauma still comes up. No sooner have i got peace with these issues, something else will come to mind and the fear starts again. I feel it maybe a side effect of the wound of abandonment. I am not trusting the universe or higher power that all will be well in the future. I cant live today and be happy just incase someone or thing is going to bring me down , humiliate me or expose me in some way. Maybe this relates to sexual abuse when i was six. I never told anyone and always had a fear that my mother would find out and i would get into trouble.The trauma and fear i am now releasing maybe repressed from that age. The funny thing is i know i will get through this and come out the other side stronger and my wounds would have healed a bit more.
When i am in the midst of this fear no amount of prayer or rationalisation, or convincing myself, will make it disappear. Its like i am transported back to that time to release the trauma. I always try and remember that the soul is bringing ME to a higher point, always, and to feel the fear but not let it control me.
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