text:
Part 4 out of 4
the Lateran by Constantine to Silvester, of which Dante himself
seems to imply a doubt, in his treatise "De Monarchia." - "Ergo
scindere Imperium, Imperatori non licet. Si ergo aliquae,
dignitates per Constantinum essent alienatae, (ut dicunt) ab
Imperio," &c. l. iii.
The gift is by Ariosto very humorously placed in the moon, among
the things lost or abused on earth.
Di varj fiori, &c.
O. F. c. xxxiv. st. 80.
Milton has translated both this passage and that in the text.
Prose works, vol. i. p. 11. ed. 1753.
v. 11. Revers'd.] Compare Spenser, F. Q. b. i. c. viii. st. 31
v. 30. Before whose eyes.] Amphiaraus, one of the seven kings
who besieged Thebes. He is said to have been swallowed up by an
opening of the earth. See Lidgate's Storie of Thebes, Part III
where it is told how the "Bishop Amphiaraus" fell down to hell.
And thus the devill for his outrages,
Like his desert payed him his wages.
A different reason for his being doomed thus to perish is
assigned by Pindar.
Nem ix.
For thee, Amphiaraus, earth,
By Jove's all-riving thunder cleft
Her mighty bosom open'd wide,
Thee and thy plunging steeds to hide,
Or ever on thy back the spear
Of Periclymenus impress'd
A wound to shame thy warlike breast
For struck with panic fear
The gods' own children flee.
v. 37. Tiresias.]
Duo magnorum viridi coeuntia sylva
Corpora serpentum baculi violaverat ictu, &c.
Ovid. Met. iii.
v. 43. Aruns.] Aruns is said to have dwelt in the mountains of
Luni (from whence that territory is still called Lunigiana),
above Carrara, celebrated for its marble. Lucan. Phars. l. i.
575. So Boccaccio in the Fiammetta, l. iii. "Quale Arunte," &c.
"Like Aruns, who amidst the white marbles of Luni, contemplated
the celestial bodies and their motions."
v. 50. Manto.] The daughter of Tiresias of Thebes, a city
dedicated to Bacchus. From Manto Mantua, the country of Virgil
derives its name. The Poet proceeds to describe the situation of
that place.
v. 61. Between the vale.] The lake Benacus, now called the
Lago di Garda, though here said to lie between Garda, Val
Camonica, and the Apennine, is, however, very distant from the
latter two
v. 63. There is a spot.] Prato di Fame, where the dioceses of
Trento, Verona, and Brescia met.
v. 69. Peschiera.] A garrison situated to the south of the
lake, where it empties itself and forms the Mincius.
v. 94. Casalodi's madness.] Alberto da Casalodi, who had got
possession of Mantua, was persuaded by Pinamonte Buonacossi, that
he might ingratiate himself with the people by banishing to their
own castles the nobles, who were obnoxious to them. No sooner
was this done, than Pinamonte put himself at the head of the
populace, drove out Casalodi and his adherents, and obtained the
sovereignty for himself.
v. 111. So sings my tragic strain.]
Suspensi Eurypilum scitatum oracula Phoebi
Virg. Aeneid. ii. 14.
v. 115. Michael Scot.] Sir Michael Scott, of Balwearie,
astrologer to the Emperor Frederick II. lived in the thirteenth
century. For further particulars relating to this singular man,
see Warton's History of English Poetry, vol. i. diss. ii. and
sect. ix. p 292, and the Notes to Mr. Scott's "Lay of the Last
Minstrel," a poem in which a happy use is made of the traditions
that are still current in North Britain concerning him. He is
mentioned by G. Villani. Hist. l. x. c. cv. and cxli. and l. xii.
c. xviii. and by Boccaccio, Dec. Giorn. viii. Nov. 9.
v. 116. Guido Bonatti.] An astrologer of Forli, on whose skill
Guido da Montefeltro, lord of that place, so much relied, that he
is reported never to have gone into battle, except in the hour
recommended to him as fortunate by Bonatti.
Landino and Vellutello, speak of a book, which he composed on the
subject of his art.
v. 116. Asdente.] A shoemaker at Parma, who deserted his
business to practice the arts of divination.
v. 123. Cain with fork of thorns.] By Cain and the thorns, or
what is still vulgarly called the Man in the Moon, the Poet
denotes that luminary. The same superstition is alluded to in
the Paradise, Canto II. 52. The curious reader may consult Brand
on Popular Antiquities, 4to. 1813. vol. ii. p. 476.
v. 7. In the Venetians' arsenal.] Compare Ruccellai, Le Api,
165, and Dryden's Annus Mirabilis, st. 146, &c.
v. 37. One of Santa Zita's elders.] The elders or chief
magistrates of Lucca, where Santa Zita was held in especial
veneration. The name of this sinner is supposed to have been
Martino Botaio.
v. 40. Except Bonturo, barterers.] This is said ironically of
Bonturo de' Dati. By barterers are meant peculators, of every
description; all who traffic the interests of the public for
their own private advantage.
v. 48. Is other swimming than in Serchio's wave.]
Qui si nuota altrimenti che nel Serchio.
Serchio is the river that flows by Lucca. So Pulci, Morg. Mag.
c. xxiv.
Qui si nuota nel sangue, e non nel Serchio.
v. 92. From Caprona.] The surrender of the castle of Caprona to
the combined forces of Florence and Lucca, on condition that the
garrison should march out in safety, to which event Dante was a
witness, took place in 1290. See G. Villani, Hist. l. vii. c.
v. 109. Yesterday.] This passage fixes the era of Dante's
descent at Good Friday, in the year 1300 (34 years from our
blessed Lord's incarnation being added to 1266), and at the
thirty-fifth year of our poet's age. See Canto I. v. 1.
The awful event alluded to, the Evangelists inform us, happened
"at the ninth hour," that is, our sixth, when "the rocks were
rent," and the convulsion, according to Dante, was felt even in
the depths in Hell. See Canto XII. 38.
v. 16. In the church.] This proverb is repeated by Pulci, Morg.
Magg. c. xvii.
v. 47. Born in Navarre's domain.] The name of this peculator is
said to have been Ciampolo.
v. 51. The good king Thibault.] "Thibault I. king of Navarre,
died on the 8th of June, 1233, as much to be commended for the
desire he showed of aiding the war in the Holy Land, as
reprehensible and faulty for his design of oppressing the rights
and privileges of the church, on which account it is said that
the whole kingdom was under an interdict for the space of three
entire years. Thibault undoubtedly merits praise, as for his
other endowments, so especially for his cultivation of the
liberal arts, his exercise and knowledge of music and poetry in
which he much excelled, that he was accustomed to compose verses
and sing them to the viol, and to exhibit his poetical
compositions publicly in his palace, that they might be
criticized by all." Mariana, History of Spain, b. xiii. c. 9.
An account of Thibault, and two of his songs, with what were
probably the original melodies, may be seen in Dr. Burney's
History of Music, v. ii. c. iv. His poems, which are in the
French language, were edited by M. l'Eveque de la Ravalliere.
Paris. 1742. 2 vol. 12mo. Dante twice quotes one of his verses
in the Treatise de Vulg. Eloq. l. i. c. ix. and l. ii. c. v. and
refers to him again, l. ii. c. vi.
From "the good king Thibault" are descended the good, but more
unfortunate monarch, Louis XVI. of France, and consequently the
present legitimate sovereign of that realm. See Henault, Abrege
Chron. 1252, 2, 4.
v. 80. The friar Gomita.] He was entrusted by Nino de' Visconti
with the government of Gallura, one of the four jurisdictions
into which Sardinia was divided. Having his master's enemies in
his power, he took a bribe from them, and allowed them to escape.
Mention of Nino will recur in the Notes to Canto XXXIII. and in
the Purgatory, Canto VIII.
v. 88. Michel Zanche.] The president of Logodoro, another of
the four Sardinian jurisdictions. See Canto XXXIII.
v. 5. Aesop's fable.] The fable of the frog, who offered to
carry the mouse across a ditch, with the intention of drowning
him when both were carried off by a kite. It is not among those
Greek Fables which go under the name of Aesop.
v. 63. Monks in Cologne.] They wore their cowls unusually
v. 66. Frederick's.] The Emperor Frederick II. is said to have
punished those who were guilty of high treason, by wrapping them
up in lead, and casting them into a furnace.
v. 101. Our bonnets gleaming bright with orange hue.] It is
observed by Venturi, that the word "rance" does not here signify
"rancid or disgustful," as it is explained by the old
commentators, but "orange-coloured," in which sense it occurs in
the Purgatory, Canto II. 9.
v. 104. Joyous friars.] "Those who ruled the city of Florence
on the part of the Ghibillines, perceiving this discontent and
murmuring, which they were fearful might produce a rebellion
against themselves, in order to satisfy the people, made choice
of two knights, Frati Godenti (joyous friars) of Bologna, on whom
they conferred the chief power in Florence. One named M.
Catalano de' Malavolti, the other M. Loderingo di Liandolo; one
an adherent of the Guelph, the other of the Ghibelline party. It
is to be remarked, that the Joyous Friars were called Knights of
St. Mary, and became knights on taking that habit: their robes
were white, the mantle sable, and the arms a white field and red
cross with two stars. Their office was to defend widows and
orphans; they were to act as mediators; they had internal
regulations like other religious bodies. The above-mentioned M.
Loderingo was the founder of that order. But it was not long
before they too well deserved the appellation given them, and
were found to be more bent on enjoying themselves than on any
other subject. These two friars were called in by the
Florentines, and had a residence assigned them in the palace
belonging to the people over against the Abbey. Such was the
dependence placed on the character of their order that it was
expected they would be impartial, and would save the commonwealth
any unnecessary expense; instead of which, though inclined to
opposite parties, they secretly and hypocritically concurred in
promoting their own advantage rather than the public good." G.
Villani, b. vii. c.13. This happened in 1266.
v. 110. Gardingo's vicinage.] The name of that part of the city
which was inhabited by the powerful Ghibelline family of Uberti,
and destroyed under the partial and iniquitous administration of
Catalano and Loderingo.
v. 117. That pierced spirit.] Caiaphas.
v. 124. The father of his consort.] Annas, father-in-law to
v. 146. He is a liar.] John, c. viii. 44. Dante had perhaps
heard this text from one of the pulpits in Bologna.
v. 1. In the year's early nonage.] "At the latter part of
January, when the sun enters into Aquarius, and the equinox is
drawing near, when the hoar-frosts in the morning often wear the
appearance of snow but are melted by the rising sun."
v. 51. Vanquish thy weariness.]
Quin corpus onustum
Hesternis vitiis animum quoque praegravat una,
Atque affigit humi divinae particulam aurae.
Hor. Sat. ii. l. ii. 78.
v. 82. Of her sands.] Compare Lucan, Phars. l. ix. 703.
v. 92. Heliotrope.] The occult properties of this stone are
described by Solinus, c. xl, and by Boccaccio, in his humorous
tale of Calandrino. Decam. G. viii. N. 3.
In Chiabrera's Ruggiero, Scaltrimento begs of Sofia, who is
sending him on a perilous errand, to lend him the heliotrope.
In mia man fida
L'elitropia, per cui possa involarmi
Secondo il mio talento agli occhi altrui.
c. vi.
Trust to my hand the heliotrope, by which
I may at will from others' eyes conceal me
Compare Ariosto, II Negromante, a. 3. s. 3. Pulci, Morg. Magg.
c xxv. and Fortiguerra, Ricciardetto, c. x. st. 17.
Gower in his Confessio Amantis, lib. vii, enumerates it among the
jewels in the diadem of the sun.
Jaspis and helitropius.
v. 104. The Arabian phoenix.] This is translated from Ovid,
Metam. l. xv.
Una est quae reparat, seque ipsa reseminat ales,
See also Petrarch, Canzone:
"Qual piu," &c.
v. 120. Vanni Fucci.] He is said to have been an illegitimate
offspring of the family of Lazari in Pistoia, and, having robbed
the sacristy of the church of St. James in that city, to have
charged Vanni della Nona with the sacrilege, in consequence of
which accusation the latter suffered death.
v. 142. Pistoia.] "In May 1301, the Bianchi party, of Pistoia,
with the assistance and favor of the Bianchi who ruled Florence,
drove out the Neri party from the former place, destroying their
houses, Palaces and farms." Giov. Villani, Hist. l. viii. e
v. 144. From Valdimagra.] The commentators explain this
prophetical threat to allude to the victory obtained by the
Marquis Marcello Malaspina of Valdimagra (a tract of country now
called the Lunigiana) who put himself at the head of the Neri and
defeated their opponents the Bianchi, in the Campo Piceno near
Pistoia, soon after the occurrence related in the preceding note.
Of this engagement I find no mention in Villani. Currado
Malaspina is introduced in the eighth Canto of Purgatory; where
it appears that, although on the present occaision they espoused
contrary sides, some important favours were nevertheless
conferred by that family on our poet at a subsequent perid of his
exile in 1307.
Canto XXV
v.1. The sinner ] So Trissino
Poi facea con le man le fiche al cielo
Dicendo: Togli, Iddio; che puoi piu farmi?
L'ital. Lib. c. xii
v. 12. Thy seed] Thy ancestry.
v. 15. Not him] Capanaeus. Canto XIV.
v. 18. On Marenna's marsh.] An extensive tract near the
sea-shore in Tuscany.
v. 24. Cacus.] Virgil, Aen. l. viii. 193.
v. 31. A hundred blows.] Less than ten blows, out of the
hundred Hercules gave him, deprived him of feeling.
v. 39. Cianfa] He is said to have been of the family of Donati
at Florence.
v. 57. Thus up the shrinking paper.]
--All my bowels crumble up to dust.
I am a scribbled form, drawn up with a pen
Upon a parchment; and against this fire
Do I shrink up.
Shakespeare, K. John, a. v. s. 7.
v. 61. Agnello.] Agnello Brunelleschi
v. 77. In that part.] The navel.
v. 81. As if by sleep or fev'rous fit assail'd.]
O Rome! thy head
Is drown'd in sleep, and all thy body fev'ry.
Ben Jonson's Catiline.
v. 85. Lucan.] Phars. l. ix. 766 and 793.
v. 87. Ovid.] Metam. l. iv. and v.
v. 121. His sharpen'd visage.] Compare Milton, P. L. b. x. 511
v. 131. Buoso.] He is said to have been of the Donati family.
v. 138. Sciancato.] Puccio Sciancato, a noted robber, whose
familly, Venturi says, he has not been able to discover.
v. 140. Gaville.] Francesco Guercio Cavalcante was killed at
Gaville, near Florence; and in revenge of his death several
inhabitants of that district were put to death.
v. 7. But if our minds.]
Namque sub Auroram, jam dormitante lucerna,
Somnia quo cerni tempore vera solent.
Ovid, Epist. xix
The same poetical superstition is alluded to in the Purgatory,
Cant. IX. and XXVII.
v. 9. Shall feel what Prato.] The poet prognosticates the
calamities which were soon to befal his native city, and which he
says, even her nearest neighbor, Prato, would wish her. The
calamities more particularly pointed at, are said to be the fall
of a wooden bridge over the Arno, in May, 1304, where a large
multitude were assembled to witness a representation of hell nnd
the infernal torments, in consequence of which accident many
lives were lost; and a conflagration that in the following month
destroyed more than seventeen hundred houses, many ofthem
sumptuous buildings. See G. Villani, Hist. l. viii. c. 70 and
v. 22. More than I am wont.] "When I reflect on the punishment
allotted to those who do not give sincere and upright advice to
others I am more anxious than ever not to abuse to so bad a
purpose those talents, whatever they may be, which Nature, or
rather Providence, has conferred on me." It is probable that
this declaration was the result of real feeling Textd have
given great weight to
any opinion or party he had espoused, and to whom indigence and
exile might have offerred strong temptations to deviate from that
line of conduct which a strict sense of duty prescribed.
v. 35. as he, whose wrongs.] Kings, b. ii. c. ii.
v. 54. ascending from that funeral pile.] The flame is said to
have divided on the funeral pile which consumed tile bodies of
Eteocles and Polynices, as if conscious of the enmity that
actuated them while living.
Ecce iterum fratris, &c.
Statius, Theb. l. xii.
Ostendens confectas flamma, &c.
Lucan, Pharsal. l. 1. 145.
v. 60. The ambush of the horse.] "The ambush of the wooden
horse, that caused Aeneas to quit the city of Troy and seek his
fortune in Italy, where his descendants founded the Roman
v. 91. Caieta.] Virgil, Aeneid. l. vii. 1.
v. 93. Nor fondness for my son] Imitated hp Tasso, G. L. c.
Ne timor di fatica o di periglio,
Ne vaghezza del regno, ne pietade
Del vecchio genitor, si degno affetto
Intiepedir nel generoso petto.
This imagined voyage of Ulysses into the Atlantic is alluded to
by Pulci.
E sopratutto commendava Ulisse,
Che per veder nell' altro mondo gisse.
Morg. Magg. c. xxv
And by Tasso, G. L. c. xv. 25.
v. 106. The strait pass.] The straits of Gibraltar.
v. 122. Made our oars wings.l So Chiabrera, Cant. Eroiche. xiii
Faro de'remi un volo.
And Tasso Ibid. 26.
v. 128. A mountain dim.] The mountain of Purgatorg
v. 6. The Sicilian Bull.] The engine of torture invented by
Perillus, for the tyrant Phalaris.
v. 26. Of the mountains there.] Montefeltro.
v. 38. Polenta's eagle.] Guido Novello da Polenta, who bore an
eagle for his coat of arms. The name of Polenta was derived from
a castle so called in the neighbourhood of Brittonoro. Cervia is
a small maritime city, about fifteen miles to the south of
Ravenna. Guido was the son of Ostasio da Polenta, and made
himself master of Ravenna, in 1265. In 1322 he was deprived of
his sovereignty, and died at Bologna in the year following. This
last and most munificent patron of Dante is himself enumerated,
by the historian of Italian literature, among the poets of his
time. Tiraboschi, Storia della Lett. Ital. t. v. 1. iii. c. ii.
13. The passnge in the text might have removed the uncertainty
wwhich Tiraboschi expressed, respecting the duration of Guido's
absence from Ravenna, when he was driven from that city in 1295,
by the arms of Pietro, archbishop of Monreale. It must evidently
have been very short, since his government is here represented
(in 1300) as not having suffered any material disturbance for
many years.
v. 41. The land.l The territory of Forli, the inhabitants of
which, in 1282, mere enabled, hy the strategem of Guido da
Montefeltro, who then governed it, to defeat with great
slaughter the French army by which it had been besieged. See G.
Villani, l. vii. c. 81. The poet informs Guido, its former
ruler, that it is now in the possession of Sinibaldo Ordolaffi,
or Ardelaffi, whom he designates by his coat of arms, a lion
v. 43. The old mastiff of Verucchio and the young.] Malatesta
and Malatestino his son, lords of Rimini, called, from their
ferocity, the mastiffs of Verruchio, which was the name of their
v. 44. Montagna.] Montagna de'Parcitati, a noble knight, and
leader of the Ghibelline party at Rimini, murdered by
v. 46. Lamone's city and Santerno's.] Lamone is the river at
Faenza, and Santerno at Imola.
v. 47. The lion of the snowy lair.] Machinardo Pagano, whose
arms were a lion azure on a field argent; mentioned again in the
Purgatory, Canto XIV. 122. See G. Villani passim, where he is
called Machinardo da Susinana.
v. 50. Whose flank is wash'd of SSavio's wave.] Cesena,
situated at the foot of a mountain, and washed by the river
Savio, that often descends with a swoln and rapid stream from the
v. 64. A man of arms.] Guido da Montefeltro.
v. 68. The high priest.] Boniface VIII.
v. 72. The nature of the lion than the fox.]
Non furon leonine ma di volpe.
So Pulci, Morg. Magg. c. xix.
E furon le sua opre e le sue colpe
Non creder leonine ma di volpe.
v. 81. The chief of the new Pharisee.] Boniface VIII. whose
enmity to the family of Colonna prompted him to destroy their
houses near the Lateran. Wishing to obtain possession of their
other seat, Penestrino, he consulted with Guido da Montefeltro
how he might accomplish his purpose, offering him at the same
time absolution for his past sins, as well as for that which he
was then tempting him to commit. Guido's advice was, that kind
words and fair promises nonld put his enemies into his power; and
they accordingly soon aftermards fell into the snare laid for
them, A.D. 1298. See G. Villani, l. viii. c. 23.
v. 84. Nor against Acre one
Had fought.]
He alludes to the renegade Christians, by whom the Saracens, in
Apri., 1291, were assisted to recover St.John d'Acre, the last
possession of the Christians in the Iloly Land. The regret
expressed by the Florentine annalist G. Villani, for the loss of
this valuable fortress, is well worthy of observation, l. vii. c.
v. 89. As in Soracte Constantine besought.] So in Dante's
treatise De Monarchia: "Dicunt quidam adhue, quod Constantinus
Imperator, mundatus a lepra intercessione Syvestri, tunc summni
pontificis imperii sedem, scilicet Romam, donavit ecclesiae, cum
multis allis imperii dignitatibus." Lib.iii.
v. 101. My predecessor.] Celestine V. See Notes to Canto III.
v.8. In that long war.] The war of Hannibal in Italy. "When
Mago brought news of his victories to Carthage, in order to make
his successes more easily credited, he commanded the golden rings
to be poured out in the senate house, which made so large a heap,
that, as some relate, they filled three modii and a half. A more
probable account represents them not to have exceeded one
modius." Livy, Hist.
v. 12. Guiscard's Norman steel.] Robert Guiscard, who conquered
the kingdom of Naples, and died in 1110. G. Villani, l. iv. c.
18. He is introduced in the Paradise, Canto XVIII.
v. 13. And those the rest.] The army of Manfredi, which, through
the treachery of the Apulian troops, wns overcome by Charles of
Anjou in 1205, and fell in such numbers that the bones of the
slain were still gathered near Ceperano. G. Villani, l. vii. c.
9. See the Purgatory, Canto III.
v. 10. O Tagliocozzo.] He alludes to tile victory which Charles
gained over Conradino, by the sage advice of the Sieur de Valeri,
in 1208. G. Villani, l. vii. c. 27.
v. 32. Ali.] The disciple of Mohammed.
v. 53. Dolcino.] "In 1305, a friar, called Dolcino, who
belonged to no regular order, contrived to raise in Novarra, in
Lombardy, a large company of the meaner sort of people, declaring
himself to be a true apostle of Christ, and promulgating a
community of property and of wives, with many other such
heretical doctrines. He blamed the pope, cardinals, and other
prelates of the holy church, for not observing their duty, nor
leading the angelic life, and affirmed that he ought to be pope.
He was followed by more than three thousand men and women, who
lived promiscuously on the mountains together, like beasts, and,
when they wanted provisions, supplied themselves by depredation
and rapine. This lasted for two years till, many being struck
with compunction at the dissolute life they led, his sect was
much diminished; and through failure of food, and the severity of
the snows, he was taken by the people of Novarra, and burnt, with
Margarita his companion and many other men and women whom his
errors had seduced." G. Villanni, l. viii. c. 84.
Landino observes, that he was possessed of singular eloquence,
and that both he and Margarita endored their fate with a firmness
worthy of a better cause. For a further account of him, see
Muratori Rer. Ital. Script. t. ix. p. 427.
v. 69. Medicina.] A place in the territory of Bologna. Piero
fomented dissensions among the inhabitants of that city, and
among the leaders of the neighbouring states.
v. 70. The pleasant land.] Lombardy.
v. 72. The twain.] Guido dal Cassero and Angiolello da Cagnano,
two of the worthiest and most distinguished citizens of Fano,
were invited by Malatestino da Rimini to an entertainment on
pretence that he had some important business to transact with
them: and, according to instructions given by him, they mere
drowned in their passage near Catolica, between Rimini and Fano.
v. 85. Focara's wind.] Focara is a mountain, from which a wind
blows that is peculiarly dangerous to the navigators of that
v. 94. The doubt in Caesar's mind.] Curio, whose speech
(according to Lucan) determined Julius Caesar to proceed when he
had arrived at Rimini (the ancient Ariminum), and doubted whether
he should prosecute the civil war.
Tolle moras: semper nocuit differre paratis
Pharsal, l. i. 281.
v. 102. Mosca.] Buondelmonte was engaged to marry a lady of the
Amidei family, but broke his promise and united himself to one of
the Donati. This was so much resented by the former, that a
meeting of themselves and their kinsmen was held, to consider of
the best means of revenging the insult. Mosca degli Uberti
persuaded them to resolve on the assassination of Buondelmonte,
exclaiming to them "the thing once done, there is an end." The
counsel and its effects were the source of many terrible
calamities to the state of Florence. "This murder," says G.
Villani, l. v. c. 38, "was the cause and beginning of the
accursed Guelph and Ghibelline parties in Florence." It happened
in 1215. See the Paradise, Canto XVI. 139.
v. 111. The boon companion.]
What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted?
Shakespeare, 2 Hen. VI. a. iii. s. 2.
v. 160. Bertrand.] Bertrand de Born, Vicomte de Hautefort, near
Perigueux in Guienne, who incited John to rebel against his
father, Henry II. of England. Bertrand holds a distinguished
place among the Provencal poets. He is quoted in Dante, "De
Vulg. Eloq." l. ii. c. 2. For the translation of some extracts
from his poems, see Millot, Hist. Litteraire des Troubadors t. i.
p. 210; but the historical parts of that work are, I believe, not
to be relied on.
v. 26. Geri of Bello.] A kinsman of the Poet's, who was
murdered by one of the Sacchetti family. His being placed here,
may be considered as a proof that Dante was more impartial in the
allotment of his punishments than has generally been supposed.
v. 44. As were the torment.] It is very probable that these
lines gave Milton the idea of his celebrated description:
Immediately a place
Before their eyes appear'd, sad, noisome, dark,
A lasar-house it seem'd, wherein were laid
Numbers of all diseas'd, all maladies, &c.
P. L. b. xi. 477.
v. 45. Valdichiana.] The valley through which passes the river
Chiana, bounded by Arezzo, Cortona, Montepulciano, and Chiusi. In
the heat of autumn it was formerly rendered unwholesome by the
stagnation of the water, but has since been drained by the
Emperor Leopold II. The Chiana is mentioned as a remarkably
sluggish stream, in the Paradise, Canto XIII. 21.
v. 47. Maremma's pestilent fen.] See Note to Canto XXV. v. 18.
v. 58. In Aegina.] He alludes to the fable of the ants changed
into Myrmidons. Ovid, Met. 1. vii.
v. 104. Arezzo was my dwelling.] Grifolino of Arezzo, who
promised Albero, son of the Bishop of Sienna, that he would teach
him the art of flying; and because be did not keep his promise,
Albero prevailed on his father to have him burnt for a
v. 117.
Was ever race
Light as Sienna's?]
The same imputation is again cast on the Siennese, Purg. Canto
v. 121. Stricca.] This is said ironically. Stricca, Niccolo
Salimbeni, Caccia of Asciano, and Abbagliato, or Meo de
Folcacchieri, belonged to a company of prodigal and luxurious
young men in Sienna, called the "brigata godereccia." Niccolo
was the inventor of a new manner of using cloves in cookery, not
very well understood by the commentators, and which was termed
the "costuma ricca."
v. 125. In that garden.] Sienna.
v. 134. Cappocchio's ghost.] Capocchio of Sienna, who is said to
have been a fellow-student of Dante's in natural philosophy.
v. 4. Athamas.] From Ovid, Metam. 1. iv.
Protinos Aelides, &c.
v. 16. Hecuba. See Euripedes, Hecuba; and Ovid, Metnm. l. xiii.
v. 33. Schicchi.] Gianni Schicci, who was of the family of
Cavalcanti, possessed such a faculty of moulding his features to
the resemblance of others, that he was employed by Simon Donati
to personate Buoso Donati, then recently deceased, and to make a
will, leaving Simon his heir; for which service he was
renumerated with a mare of extraordinary value, here called "the
lady of the herd."
v. 39. Myrrha.] See Ovid, Metam. l. x.
v. 60. Adamo's woe.] Adamo of Breschia, at the instigation of
Cuido Alessandro, and their brother Aghinulfo, lords of Romena,
coonterfeited the coin of Florence; for which crime he was burnt.
Landino says, that in his time the peasants still pointed out a
pile of stones near Romena as the place of his execution.
v. 64. Casentino.] Romena is a part of Casentino.
v. 77. Branda's limpid spring.] A fountain in Sienna.
v. 88. The florens with three carats of alloy.] The floren was
a coin that ought to have had tmenty-four carats of pure gold.
Villani relates, that it was first used at Florence in 1253, an
aera of great prosperity in the annals of the republic; before
which time their most valuable coinage was of silver. Hist. l.
vi. c. 54.
v. 98. The false accuser.] Potiphar's wife.
v. 1. The very tongue.]
Vulnus in Herculeo quae quondam fecerat hoste
Vulneris auxilium Pellas hasta fuit.
Ovid, Rem. Amor. 47.
The same allusion was made by Bernard de Ventadour, a Provencal
poet in the middle of the twelfth century: and Millot observes,
that it was a singular instance of erudition in a Troubadour.
But it is not impossible, as Warton remarks, (Hist. of Engl.
Poetry, vol. ii. sec. x. p 215.) but that he might have been
indebted for it to some of the early romances.
In Chaucer's Squier's Tale, a sword of similar quality is
And other folk have wondred on the sweard,
That could so piercen through every thing;
And fell in speech of Telephus the king,
And of Achillcs for his queint spere,
For he couth with it both heale and dere.
So Shakspeare, Henry VI. p. ii. a. 5. s. 1.
Whose smile and frown like to Achilles' spear
Is able with the change to kill and cure.
v. 14. Orlando.l
When Charlemain with all his peerage fell
At Fontarabia
Milton, P. L. b. i. 586.
See Warton's Hist. of Eng. Poetrg, v. i. sect. iii. p. 132.
"This is the horn which Orlando won from the giant Jatmund, and
which as Turpin and the Islandic bards report, was endued with
magical power, and might be heard at the distance of twenty
miles." Charlemain and Orlando are introduced in the Paradise,
Canto XVIII.
v. 36. Montereggnon.] A castle near Sienna.
v. 105. The fortunate vale.] The country near Carthage. See
Liv. Hist. l. xxx. and Lucan, Phars. l. iv. 590. Dante has kept
the latter of these writers in his eye throughout all this
v. 123. Alcides.] The combat between Hercules Antaeus is
adduced by the Poet in his treatise "De Monarchia," l. ii. as a
proof of the judgment of God displayed in the duel, according to
the singular superstition of those times.
v. 128. The tower of Carisenda.] The leaning tower at Bologna
v. 8. A tongue not us'd
To infant babbling.]
Ne da lingua, che chiami mamma, o babbo.
Dante in his treatise " De Vulg. Eloq." speaking of words not
admissble in the loftier, or as he calls it, tragic style of
poetry, says- "In quorum numero nec puerilia propter suam
simplicitatem ut Mamma et Babbo," l. ii. c. vii.
v. 29. Tabernich or Pietrapana.] The one a mountain in
Sclavonia, the other in that tract of country called the
Garfagnana, not far from Lucca.
v. 33. To where modest shame appears.] "As high as to the
v. 35. Moving their teeth in shrill note like the stork.]
Mettendo i denti in nota di cicogna.
So Boccaccio, G. viii. n. 7. "Lo scolar cattivello quasi cicogna
divenuto si forte batteva i denti."
v. 53. Who are these two.] Alessandro and Napoleone, sons of
Alberto Alberti, who murdered each other. They were proprietors
of the valley of Falterona, where the Bisenzio has its source, a
river that falls into the Arno about six miles from Florence.
v. 59. Not him,] Mordrec, son of King Arthur.
v. 60. Foccaccia.] Focaccia of Cancellieri, (the Pistoian
family) whose atrocious act of revenge against his uncle is said
to have given rise to the parties of the Bianchi and Neri, in the
year 1300. See G. Villani, Hist. l, viii. c. 37. and
Macchiavelli, Hist. l. ii. The account of the latter writer
differs much from that given by Landino in his Commentary.
v. 63. Mascheroni.] Sassol Mascheroni, a Florentiue, who also
murdered his uncle.
v. 66. Camiccione.] Camiccione de' Pazzi of Valdarno, by whom
his kinsman Ubertino was treacherously pnt to death.
v. 67. Carlino.] One of the same family. He betrayed the
Castel di Piano Travigne, in Valdarno, to the Florentines, after
the refugees of the Bianca and Ghibelline party had defended it
against a siege for twenty-nine days, in the summer of 1302. See
G. Villani, l. viii. c. 52 and Dino Compagni, l. ii.
v. 81. Montaperto.] The defeat of the Guelfi at Montaperto,
occasioned by the treachery of Bocca degli Abbati, who, during
the engagement, cut off the hand of Giacopo del Vacca de'Pazzi,
bearer of the Florentine standard. G. Villani, l. vi. c. 80, and
Notes to Canto X. This event happened in 1260.
v. 113. Him of Duera.] Buoso of Cremona, of the family of
Duera, who was bribed by Guy de Montfort, to leave a pass between
Piedmont and Parma, with the defence of which he had been
entrusted by the Ghibellines, open to the army of Charles of
Anjou, A.D. 1265, at which the people of Cremona were so enraged,
that they extirpated the whole family. G. Villani, l. vii. c. 4.
v. 118. Beccaria.] Abbot of Vallombrosa, who was the Pope's
Legate at Florence, where his intrigues in favour of the
Ghibellines being discovered, he was beheaded. I do not find the
occurrence in Vallini, nor do the commentators say to what pope
he was legate. By Landino he is reported to have been from Parma,
by Vellutello from Pavia.
v. 118. Soldanieri.] "Gianni Soldanieri," says Villani, Hist.
l. vii. c14, "put himself at the head of the people, in the hopes
of rising into power, not aware that the result would be mischief
to the Ghibelline party, and his own ruin; an event which seems
ever to have befallen him, who has headed the populace in
Florence." A.D. 1266.
v. 119. Ganellon.] The betrayer of Charlemain, mentioned by
Archbishop Turpin. He is a common instance of treachery with the
poets of the middle ages.
Trop son fol e mal pensant,
Pis valent que Guenelon.
Thibaut, roi de Navarre
O new Scariot, and new Ganilion,
O false dissembler, &c.
Chaucer, Nonne's Prieste's Tale
And in the Monke's Tale, Peter of Spaine.
v. 119. Tribaldello.] Tribaldello de'Manfredi, who was bribed
to betray the city of Faonza, A. D. 1282. G. Villani, l. vii. c.
v. 128. Tydeus.] See Statius, Theb. l. viii. ad finem.
v. 14. Count Ugolino.] "In the year 1288, in the month of July,
Pisa was much divided by competitors for the sovereignty; one
party, composed of certain of the Guelphi, being headed by the
Judge Nino di Gallura de'Visconti; another, consisting of others
of the same faction, by the Count Ugolino de' Gherardeschi; and
the third by the Archbishop Ruggieri degli Ubaldini, with the
Lanfranchi, Sismondi, Gualandi, and other Ghibelline houses. The
Count Ugolino,to effect his purpose, united with the Archbishop
and his party, and having betrayed Nino, his sister's son, they
contrived that he and his followers should either be driven out
of Pisa, or their persons seized. Nino hearing this, and not
seeing any means of defending himself, retired to Calci, his
castle, and formed an alliance with the Florentines and people of
Lucca, against the Pisans. The Count, before Nino was gone, in
order to cover his treachery, when everything was settled for his
expulsion, quitted Pisa, and repaired to a manor of his called
Settimo; whence, as soon as he was informed of Nino's departure,
he returned to Pisa with great rejoicing and festivity, and was
elevated to the supreme power with every demonstration of triumph
and honour. But his greatness was not of long continuauce. It
pleased the Almighty that a total reverse of fortune should
ensue, as a punishment for his acts of treachery and guilt: for
he was said to have poisoned the Count Anselmo da Capraia, his
sister's son, on account of the envy and fear excited in his mind
by the high esteem in which the gracious manners of Anselmo were
held by the Pisans. The power of the Guelphi being so much
diminished, the Archbishop devised means to betray the Count
Uglino and caused him to be suddenly attacked in his palace by
the fury of the people, whom he had exasperated, by telling them
that Ugolino had betrayed Pisa, and given up their castles to the
citizens of Florence and of Lucca. He was immediately compelled
to surrender; his bastard son and his grandson fell in the
assault; and two of his sons, with their two sons also, were
conveyed to prison." G. Villani l. vii. c. 120.
"In the following march, the Pisans, who had imprisoned the Count
Uglino, with two of his sons and two of his grandchildren, the
offspring of his son the Count Guelfo, in a tower on the Piazza
of the Anzania, caused the tower to be locked, the key thrown
into the Arno, and all food to be withheld from them. In a few
days they died of hunger; but the Count first with loud cries
declared his penitence, and yet neither priest nor friar was
allowed to shrive him. All the five, when dead, were dragged out
of the prison, and meanly interred; and from thence forward the
tower was called the tower of famine, and so shall ever be."
Ibid. c. 127.
Chancer has briefly told Ugolino's story. See Monke's Tale,
Hugeline of Pise.
v. 29. Unto the mountain.] The mountain S. Giuliano, between
Pisa and Lucca.
v. 59. Thou gav'st.]
Tu ne vestisti
Queste misere carni, e tu le spoglia.
Imitated by Filicaja, Canz. iii.
Di questa imperial caduca spoglia
Tu, Signor, me vestisti e tu mi spoglia:
Ben puoi'l Regno me tor tu che me'l desti.
And by Maffei, in the Merope:
Tu disciogleste
Queste misere membra e tu le annodi.
v. 79. In that fair region.]
Del bel paese la, dove'l si suona.
Italy as explained by Dante himself, in his treatise De Vulg.
Eloq. l. i. c. 8. "Qui autem Si dicunt a praedictis finibus.
(Januensiem) Oreintalem (Meridionalis Europae partem) tenent;
videlicet usque ad promontorium illud Italiae, qua sinus
Adriatici maris incipit et Siciliam."
v. 82. Capraia and Gorgona.] Small islands near the mouth of
the Arno.
v. 94. There very weeping suffers not to weep,]
Lo pianto stesso li pianger non lascia.
So Giusto de'Conti, Bella Mano. Son. "Quanto il ciel."
Che il troppo pianto a me pianger non lassa.
v. 116. The friar Albigero.] Alberigo de'Manfredi, of Faenza,
one of the Frati Godenti, Joyons Friars who having quarrelled
with some of his brotherhood, under pretence of wishing to be
reconciled, invited them to a banquet, at the conclusion of which
he called for the fruit, a signal for the assassins to rush in
and dispatch those whom he had marked for destruction. Hence,
adds Landino, it is said proverbially of one who has been
stabbed, that he has had some of the friar Alberigo's fruit.
Thus Pulci, Morg. Magg. c. xxv.
Le frutte amare di frate Alberico.
v. 123. Ptolomea.] This circle is named Ptolomea from Ptolemy,
the son of Abubus, by whom Simon and his sons were murdered, at a
great banquet he had made for them. See Maccabees, ch xvi.
v. 126. The glazed tear-drops.]
-sorrow's eye, glazed with blinding tears.
Shakspeare, Rich. II. a. 2. s. 2.
v. 136. Branca Doria.] The family of Doria was possessed of
great influence in Genoa. Branca is said to have murdered his
father-in-law, Michel Zanche, introduced in Canto XXII.
v. 162 Romagna's darkest spirit.] The friar Alberigo.
Canto XXXIV.
v. 6. A wind-mill.] The author of the Caliph Vathek, in the
notes to that tale, justly observes, that it is more than
probable that Don Quixote's mistake of the wind-mills for giants
was suggested to Cervantes by this simile.
v. 37. Three faces.] It can scarcely be doubted but that Milton
derived his description of Satan in those lines,
Each passion dimm'd his face
Thrice chang'd with pale, ire, envy, and despair.
P. L. b. iv. 114.
from this passage, coupled with the remark of Vellutello upon it:
"The first of these sins is anger which he signifies by the red
face; the second, represented by that between pale and yellow is
envy and not, as others have said, avarice; and the third,
denoted by the black, is a melancholy humour that causes a man's
thoughts to be dark and evil, and averse from all joy and
v. 44. Sails.]
--His sail-broad vans
He spreads for flight.
Milton, P. L. b. ii. 927.
Compare Spenser, F. Q. b. i. c. xi. st. 10; Ben Jonson's Every
Man out of his humour, v. 7; and Fletcher's Prophetess, a. 2. s.
v. 46. Like a bat.] The description of an imaginary being, who
is called Typhurgo, in the Zodiacus Vitae, has some touches very
like this of Dante's Lucifer.
Ingentem vidi regem ingentique sedentem
In solio, crines flammanti stemmate cinctum
---utrinque patentes
Alae humeris magnae, quales vespertilionum
Membranis contextae amplis--
Nudus erat longis sed opertus corpora villis.
M. Palingenii, Zod. Vit. l. ix.
A mighty king I might discerne,
Plac'd hie on lofty chaire,
His haire with fyry garland deckt
Puft up in fiendish wise.
x x x x x x
Large wings on him did grow
Framde like the wings of flinder mice, &c.
Googe's Translation
v. 61. Brutus.] Landino struggles, but I fear in vain, to
extricate Brutus from the unworthy lot which is here assigned
him. He maintains, that by Brutus and Cassius are not meant the
individuals known by those names, but any who put a lawful
monarch to death. Yet if Caesar was such, the conspirators might
be regarded as deserving of their doom.
v. 89. Within one hour and half of noon.] The poet uses the
Hebrew manner of computing the day, according to which the third
hour answers to our twelve o'clock at noon.
v. 120. By what of firm land on this side appears.] The
mountain of Purgatory.
v.123. The vaulted tomb.] "La tomba." This word is used to
express the whole depth of the infernal region.
End Notes for Hell.


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Generally after Vatican II, the Byzantine Catholic liturgies began to look more like their Orthodox counterparts.
What everybody else said.I've seen a Maronite Liturgy and that's what they did. To try to answer Andrzej's question the Maronites IIRC began as a kind of vagante offshoot of the Syrian Oriental Orthodox church with a variant of that rite. Isolated in the Lebanon (by the rise of Islam for one thing?) they were Monothelites for a while (for a time that theology was favoured in the Byzantine Empire) until the Crusaders discovered them in the Middle Ages and they officially went under Rome (they say they never officially broke with Rome which is probably true). But the Western Catholics didn't really know what to do with them and so the Maronites became extremely latinised, essentially losing their own tradition except for the text and the language. With Vatican II they simply went from mimicking the Tridentine Mass as had been their custom to mimicking the Novus Ordo, hence 'facing the people', lay lectors of both sexes reading from lecterns facing the congregation and so on.
Some Greek Catholic Churches could not be distinguished from the Orthodox, others you can definately tell they are Catholic because of lack of Iconostasis or presence of Sacred Heart images, etc.
The good Monsignor is ignorant of history then.
Take for example ACROD. The EP was in no rush to force them to de-Latinize and they still retain some. They just buried a "monsignor" of their own a few weeks back. In the end if the people and priests are resistant to change then it is very likley things will remain the same.
The whole history of liturgical ferment and change within the churches that came in to union with Rome in the Counter-Reformation era is quite interesting. Initially it was believed on the part of the bishops and priests who came over that they would retain what they had as it was, they were just switching chains of command per se. Many in the Latin Church at the time had different ideas, and viewed the acceptance of Byzantine liturgical rites as a provisional step on the road to full incorporation in to the Roman Catholic Church. There were subtle ways to encourage that, and more overt ones such as making Uniate bishops (which they were referred to at the time, though the term is no longer used) subsidiaries of Latin bishoprics or changes and deletions such as happened with the Synod of Zamosc. In the whole process these churches came to engage in the process of self Latinization.In the end the Byzantine heritage Eastern Catholic churches have become hybrid churches. In my experience you will recognize this in various ways if you're coming from an Orthodox Church. This is due not only to past influences from the Latin Church, but is part of an ongoing process, even in the post Vatican II era.
I don't know. I visited a Greek Orthodox Church that was more westernized than my Ruthenian Parish.
Nobody said there aren't individual EC parishes that don't aspire to the fullest, in fact I think we said there are. So if you parish doesn't have the Rosary, does have Vespers and Matins, does the Proskomedia instead of using pre cuts, has a married priest, doesn't do anticpated liturgies on Saturday's, does provide antidoron, doesn't use female altar servers, etc., etc. Consider yourself lucky. I would say prepare yourself for the new translation of the liturgy, in particular what I gather will be the use of inclusive, or gender neutral language. Also be prepared for the possibility that at some point your priest could get re-assigned, and things could change drastically. I've heard of it happening in other places.The point though isn't what happens in an individual parish, it's what the overall picture is. The overall picture is the Byzantine heritage EC churches are in hybrid status, and most don't aspire to getting back to be on par with Orthodoxy. Fr. Deacon Lance pointed out that many have absolutely no desire to.
I don't mind latinization myself. I am actually a latin who attends both a Ruthenian parish and a latin one.
In my mind, it is more important that I am Catholic than which particular sui juri Church I belong to. Substance is more important to me than style.
Papist,"In my mind, it is more important that I am Catholic than which particular sui juri Church I belong to. Substance is more important to me than style."Then you are deluded and do not have the mind of the Church on this matter There is no such thing as I am Catholic first, Byzantine 2nd. It is as ridiculous as saying I am human first, man second. One can only be human by being male or female. One can only be Catholic by belonging to a particular Church, which entails all its specific traditions.Fr. Deacon Lance
Well, there have certainly have been many Latin traditionalists who have sought out Eastern Rite churches as a refuge from the Novus Ordo madness. Cradle EC's often like to grouse about them.In my mind the liturgical expression of the church is the substance. It's the living and breathing theology of the church. Watch how people worship, and you'll see what they believe.lex orandi, lex credendi
Forgot something on your list.
I was just listing some of the different liturgies. But I could have included the Novus Ordo (celebrated properly ad orientem as intended with sacred, and not secular music)
It is certainly edifying to particiapte in the Liturgies of the other Churches, but my point remains there is no such thing as a generic Catholic. One is only Catholic by being a Latin Catholic, a Byzantine Catholic, a Maronite Catholic etc. All are equal, but one must be a member of a particular Church to be Catholic. And it does matter that one follows the traditions and disciplines of the particular Church he is in, because while all traditions are equal, one must allow themselves to formed by and live by a single tradition if one is to progress spiritually.Fr. Deacon Lance
"Because there were so many sui juris Churches during the first century."Of course there were. Every house Church with its bishop was sui iuris. Liturgy followed a general pattern but the many prayers were extemperaneous."...the different liturgies contain the same substance of the faith. Thus, it doesn't matter to whether pray a Byzantine, Dominican, or Tridentine Liturgy. There is a Unity of Faith in the Diversity of liturgies."It is certainly edifying to particiapte in the Liturgies of the other Churches, but my point remains there is no such thing as a generic Catholic. One is only Catholic by being a Latin Catholic, a Byzantine Catholic, a Maronite Catholic etc. All are equal, but one must be a member of a particular Church to be Catholic. And it does matter that one follows the traditions and disciplines of the particular Church he is in, because while all traditions are equal, one must allow themselves to formed by and live by a single tradition if one is to progress spiritually.Fr. Deacon Lance
Sadly most Latin Rite parish lay people I know tend to view the Eastern Catholic Churches as a novelty or a trinket. It is something different and neat to them as opposed to something of spiritual significance. Christ is in our midst,Panagiotis
When I was in Timisoara this summer, I was surprised at how immediate the difference was between Orthodox and Greek Catholic parishes. I never had the chance to attend liturgy at a Catholic parish, but the presence of pews, a ton of Latin devotional items and such made them look very Catholic. Since this was in a city with a fair amount of Latin Catholics, such blurring of ritual lines makes sense. But, do the more isolated and rural Greek Catholic parishes do this as well?
Fr Deacon Lance and Papist represent what Rome really teaches but...I wish I could say what you wrote was not true but it is... if they've heard of them at all.
"Latin Rite" parishes ? Please someone direct me to one...james
You could have included that, if people did that. All of which casts an interesting perspective on your other statements.
Papist,I am referring to a parish using accurate english translation of the current Roman Missal... I do sincerly apologize for the topic drift... james
Well, I view Ortho-praxis and "style" as two entirely different things.
Yes, you've made this clear in your other posts. I think you're making an inorrect distinction. So long as a guitar mass (or the infamous Halloween mass which was circulating recently) with lay females handing out communion, etc. is done under the authority of a bishop who is in communion with Rome; you would have to say that "style" of worship doesn't take away or invalidate the theological fullness you share with them. Even if you personally don't care for their worship "style".That is where the post Vatican II church is at. It is not about fullness, it's about the lowest common denominator.
Maronites use monstrances in Eucharistic adoration:http://www.maronitemonks.org/This is quite weird.
I disagree. Even though a Bishop is technically the head liturgist of his diocese, he must be sure that his actions and judgements with regard to the liturgy are in conformity with the norms established and approved by the Holy See. If he allows aberrations like the "Halloween Mass" to occur, then he is not acting in conformity of OrthoPraxis.
Regardless, westward facing priests, lay (female) EME's, 1 hour pre-communion fasts, etc. are all in the norms and by your standard are valid and legitimate. That is the orthopraxis of the LCD.
What's your bet the bishop will discipline the priest in question in that instance?
Female readers, no fasts and other liturgical abuses are the de facto orthopraxis of the GOA.
Thankfully the patriarch himself has chided the GOA for its grave liturgical abuses like using too much English.
So you've seen unordained female alter servers handling the chalice and serving communion and have knowledge of lay people who don't fast before communion?
- You're a convert who has developed a negative attitude towards the GOA.- You're a convert who has developed a negative attitude towards Orthodoxy.- Both
the filioque in the Creed was covered in whiteout
Oh yeah. Because adoring our Lord in the Eucharist is weird just because its in a western monstrance.
Don't believe everything you think.
The more I know, the less I know.
In an Eastern context it is weird. In the Eastern Tradition, the only time the consecrated bread and wine are adored in any liturgical (or aliturgical,for that matter) setting is right after the consecration in the Divine Liturgy, or during the Great Entrance at the Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts. For an Easterner, the gifts are really there for one thing, and that is to be eaten.
Its ok for us to share traditions with one another if they enrich our experience of our Lord Jesus Christ. I certainly believe that Eucharistic Adoration is one of those things that all sui juri Churches, regardless of their particular traditions, should take part in.
The reason I say this is, judge not, lest you be judged. Smug gloating they we Orthodox are better than those heathen Catholics (while we have plenty of our own internal problems) just doesn't sit well with me. But as long as we keep praying our thanks to the Lord for not making us like those publicans Catholics...
Forth time is the charm, none of the above.
But among them there were no challenges to/denials of that belief like in the mediæval West (before Protestantism!) so they didn't need to develop devotions to countact them.
Thou shalt not mix rites in church.
"At some point, as a Catholic Monsignor noted in the commentary on EWTN during the Pope's visit to Constantinople, the possibility of reconciliation will force them to decide."The good Monsignor is ignorant of history then. Take for example ACROD. The EP was in no rush to force them to de-Latinize and they still retain some. They just buried a "monsignor" of their own a few weeks back. In the end if the people and priests are resistant to change then it is very likley things will remain the same.
"The Rosary being given (according to pious tradition) to S. Dominic... But I think we would all say that the Rosary is a heaven-inspired gift for the sanctification of souls"And the Franciscan Rosary is heaven given and the Servite Rosary is heaven given, etc. funny how every order claims its rosary, chaplet or scapular is heaven given. In truth the Rosary was simply the illiterates way of participating in the Divine Office, substituting originally 150 Our Fathers for the 150 Psalms. Later Hail Marys displaced most of the Our Fathers.Eastern Catholics have their own Marian devotions and Eucharistic practices. The Eucharist does not need to be exposed or processed to be adored. One could in fact see in the Eastern practice of longer fasting and more intense preparation (canons and prepartory prayers) before receiving the Eucharist as the ultimate Eucharisitc devotion, for ultimately the Eucharist is for consuming not beholding.As for the Rosary it is a fine private devotion, but as a public practice it cannot be allowed to displace the Divine Office or Eastern Marian devotions like the Akathist and Paraclisis. If one wants to do a public Marian devotion before Liturgy it should be the Akathist.Fr. Deacon Lance
Because there were so many sui juris Churches during the first century.
For the common faithful, the most noticeable difference would be the Greek Catholic's church use of "Sfintul SPIRIT" (a late XIX-th century loan word) vs. the Orthodox "Sfintul Duh" of Slavic origin, much older and wider used.The truth is that there were no linguistical differences between the two sister churches prior to the end of the XIX-th century. By that time however, some Greek Catholic hierarchs began purging the liturgical Romanian of as many Slavonic words as possible, replacing them with Latin borrowings or Romanian creations of their own.
Well, I went to my first Byzantine Catholic liturgy today. Much like the Greek Orthodox liturgies I sometimes attended several years ago, except it was (blessedly) in English! A baby was baptized and chrismated---it was touching to see how not only her mother and grandmother wept, but her father and grandfather as well. At the end of the liturgy, the priest held the baby in front of the iconostasis for everyone to walk up and kiss her feet.Communion was special for me, since I never received it (of course) at the Orthodox liturgies I attended. I had my first taste of the Body and Blood of Christ under the accidents of leavened bread soaked in wine---the priest was a real pro at getting the spoon in and out of our mouths without any unnecessary contact.My arm got tired from so much crossing---just watch, when I attend mass at my regular parish tomorrow, I'll be crossing myself right to left!I stumbled over the constant Byzantine chant in the beginning, but by the latter stages of the liturgy, I was chanting along well enough not to be a distraction.I enjoyed looking at the Divine Liturgy books. They were 20 years old. I'm sure you Orthodox will appreciate that the filioque in the Creed was covered in whiteout and the [KNEEL] directions were crossed out in black pen! There was no filioque and no kneeling.(modified to correct: LEAVENED bread, not unleavened bread)
I assume this was an English text. Was the Greek text next to it? If so was the Filioque present there too?
I understand that. But my point is that such an attitude is problematic. Its ok for us to share traditions with one another if they enrich our experience of our Lord Jesus Christ. I certainly believe that Eucharistic Adoration is one of those things that all sui juri Churches, regardless of their particular traditions, should take part in.
paraklesis instead of Presanctified,
Deacon LanceThere is one priest that is a monsignor in the ACROD, his name is Monsignor Dutko, he's 90 years old. His son is the pastor of St. Michaels Orthodox Church in Binghamton, NY. Monsignor Dutko lives in Binghamton as well. The term Protopresbyter is the term used today.There is no real first communion anymore in the ACROD. Some parishes still call the first confession celebration first communion, but there is no first communion. A few parishes do not have icon screens (four parishes I believe), most likely more of a moneterial issue.The rosary isn't that popular, even in the cathedral only a few ladies are reciting it well before liturgy, a practice that is falling out of vogue, remember it is a byproduct of the Catholic Schools and the fact that many people were once Byzantine Catholics. In fact it is about only 4-5 ladies reciting the rosary.It was a Paraklesis to the Holy Cross and it took the entire place of the Liturgy of the Presanctified. Remember, the ACROD was started by people that left the Ruthenian Byzantine Catholic Church to return to Orthodoxy and many of the latinizations were carried over with the first generation, it was what they knew and it was what they practiced in the old country (or if they were born in the USA, their parents would have been from the old country).
It was a Paraklesis to the Holy Cross and it took the entire place of the Liturgy of the Presanctified.
The history of ACROD and its de-latinisation is very interesting indeed. I wonder if someone like Welkodox could tell us more about it.
"username" actually going by what I've read so far strikes me as a fairly knowledgeable source in this matter.
Yes, indeed. I didn't realise that username was ACROD. Thanks for your insight here.
Mirovanije is another custom.
Also there are many small traditions that exist in the ACROD that pre-date Nikonian reforms, unique to the Carpathian Mountains.One example is having specific dismissals, they are tailored to the day. There is a whole laundry list of specific small traditions, most are rubrical in nature. Another one that comes to mind is there are only a few days Red is worn and blue adorns the Church throughout the entire Annuciation period, then we switch back to Gold for a few days and then back to Blue. I don't know if that is pre-Nikonian, but it is one of our customs.
Mirovanije is only to be performed in our custom on the 12 major feasts of the calender.
There are/were Rusyns in Romania!
Not only is he ACROD, he's ex-Byzantine Catholic himself. AND he LOVES to talk about it all the time. So yea, you can listen to him:)
Excellent answer. Its funny, though, now in their attempt to reconnect with their Eastern patrimony, doctrinally, they have moved further away from Rome than any other Eastern Church.
Welkodox,True enough, that is if the realize we exist at all. And also sadly true some ECs consider themselves Byzantine Rite Roman Catholics and think and act accordingly.Fr. Deacon Lance
Quote from: Deacon Lance on December 21, 2006, 12:22:45 PMWelkodox,True enough, that is if the realize we exist at all. And also sadly true some ECs consider themselves Byzantine Rite Roman Catholics and think and act accordingly.Fr. Deacon LanceThat is why I for one would like to see EC websites include Orthodox websites as well in their links section. Even the major sites like the UGCC of Philadelphia's website. Rather than just include Byzantine Catholic and Roman Catholic links. There is so much Byzantine Catholics can learn about their tradition from Orthodox websites as well. They can learn more about the Byzantine traditions from an Orthodox website vs a Roman Catholic website. Not to say that both should not be included.
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Angela Frederick Amar Named a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholar
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Angela Frederick Amar Named a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholar
New national program seeks to advance careers of talented junior nursing faculty
Boston, M.A.(July25, 2008) ─ Angela Frederick Amar,R.N., Ph.D., an assistant professor in the William F. Connell School of Nursing at Boston College, was one of 15 junior faculty nationwide to receive an inaugural Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholar award. The three-year, $350,000 grant will begin September 1.
The award will support herresearch exploring the factors that encourage college women to report experiencing interpersonal violence. Despite campus prevention programs, most young women do not report such episodes, even though it is critical to receiving help in managing the immediate and long-term physical and mental health effects and lifestyle changes. She intends for the research findings to be used to develop campus and national policy and campus programming. The award will also support Amar's participation in a training program that will help prepare her for academic leadership and translating evidence into policy and practice initiatives.
"I hope to use this generous support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to execute a substantive research project that will result in data that informs policy and practice to create real change for real people," said Amar. "The mentorship, training and networking opportunities are pivotal to reaching my career goals."
Herfaculty mentors for this research are Barbara E. Wolfe, Ph.D., R.N., F.A.A.N., professor and director of the Center for Nursing Research, and Lisa Goodman, Ph.D., associate professor, Lynch School of Education at Boston College.
Boston College Connell School of Nursing Dean Susan Gennaro, D.S.N., F.A.A.N., R.N., commented, "The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's support for nursing is well established in enhancing academic and clinical nurse leadership. As someone who has personally benefited from the Foundation's support as a Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Nurse Scholar, I know that Amar's career will be enhanced by the educational, leadership and networking opportunities provided by the program."
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While a doctoral student at the University of Pennsylvania, Amar was a Fontaine Fellow and a fellow in the International Center for Research on Women, Children, and Families. Currently, she is an editorial board member and research column editor for the Journal of Forensic Nursing. She has received research funding internally from Boston College and national funding from the United States Health Resources and Services Administration.
The goal of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Nurse Faculty Scholars program is to develop the next generation of national leaders in academic nursing through career development awards for outstanding junior nursing faculty. The program aims to strengthen the academic productivity and overall excellence of nursing schools by providing mentorship, leadership training, salary and research support to young faculty.
Despite a rise in applicants, U.S. nursing schools turn away thousands of prospective students from baccalaureate and masters programs because of an acute shortage of faculty and clinical preceptors, training sites, space and funding constraints. Since the stature of nursing schools and the promotion of nursing faculty are dependent on the quality of the nursing faculty's scholarly and/or research pursuits, the Nurse Faculty Scholars program seeks to strengthen the link between institutional reputation and faculty success by providing career development and other opportunities to junior faculty.
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AT Christmastime we often are quite busy with many worthwhile activities, and we do a lot of planning to ensure their success. For instance, we may plan how to spend our time so everything gets done: the shopping, cleaning, decorating, baking, visiting friends and family. Or we may plan how to spend our money so that there is enough for food, for gifts, for decorations, for regular bills. As we do this, we may say, in effect: ``I have this much time (or money). How can I divide it so there will be enough for everything?''
When we look at what's available in this way, it's usually because we're thinking that we begin with a limited amount. Unfortunately, such dividing up of our spending often finishes with nothing, or very little, left over--or even with a deficit if we run out of time, for example, and some things don't get done!
But such division isn't the only way to deal with the situation. And it's certainly not the best way. When God created man, he commanded him to multiply, not divide. The Bible says, in Genesis: ``And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.... So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply . . .'' (1:26-28).
Referring to these verses in Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, the Dis- coverer and Founder of Christian Science, Mary Baker Eddy, explains, ``Divine Love blesses its own ideas, and causes them to multiply,--to manifest His power'' (p. 517). To multiply, then, means to manifest God's power, to prove God's supremacy.
When we multiply in God's way, we don't begin with something finite, which we then cut up into smaller and smaller pieces until it disappears. We begin with the manifestation of God's power, which is infinite. This promise of multiplication applies to much more than fulfilling our obligations at Christmastime! It includes the infinite nature of health, energy, intelligence, love, joy, creativity, compassion, patience, and so on. Because these qualities have their source in God, good, they possess a source that never runs out.
Christmas is a time when we can begin, not merely with what we have humanly, but with a recognition that what we have represents an aspect of the infinite nature of God.
Perhaps you can recall an instance when you've had one good idea; and as you pondered it, it grew and your thought was flooded with a stream of ideas. When this happens to me, I'm reminded of the shepherds' experience outside Bethlehem as recounted in Luke.
Resting with their flocks on a typical night in the countryside, they were suddenly and unexplainably surrounded by a bright light. They became afraid.
Then, one, just one, angelic thought came to calm them: ``Fear not: for, behold, I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people'' (2:10). That single angel told the shepherds of the infant Jesus, the signs that would prove him to be the Saviour, and where to find him.
The Bible continues: ``And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God, and saying, Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men'' (2:13, 14).
When I read this, it appears to me that as the shepherds accepted the impact of the angel's message heralding Christ Jesus' birth, their thought was filled with gratitude. And it seems to me that this gratitude was so great that it must have filled the sky with praise to God.
Have you ever felt this way? An inspiration (or even an ordinary good idea) can be so exciting that your heart and your thinking burst with joy and gratitude? I know it's happened to me. This is how multiplication--the manifestation of God's power --operates.
A friend of mine was going through some deep waters in understanding herself and her career. She didn't want to talk about it with others, but she found God's love expressed to her in unexpected ways. Later, she wrote, ``The multiplication of good in my experience was perhaps most marked by the outpouring of love from those who knew I was going through some hard times. I began to recognize God's angel messages of love in many different forms, and once I began to see them, I saw them everywhere!''
Whether the demands upon us are seasonal, such as at Christmastime, or occur at other times of the year, they are never greater than our ability to understand God's infinite goodness. Our acceptance of the power and presence of God in our life, and our gratitude for Him and his abundant goodness, will multiply the evidence of good in our experience, without limit.
God is able to make all grace
abound toward you;
that ye,
always having all sufficiency
in all things,
may abound to every good work: . . .
Being enriched in every thing
to all bountifulness,
which causeth through us
thanksgiving to God.
For the administration of this service
not only supplieth
the want of the saints,
but is abundant also
by many thanksgivings unto God.
II Corinthians 9:8, 11, 12


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Welcome to my "Minecraft Shop". Looking for a way to show your love of Minecraft? Looking for a Minecraft game for your child? Looking for the perfect gift for your favorite Minecraft lover? Looking for Minecraft party supplies for a super cube party? Looking for some snazzy Minecraft costumes for Halloween or a party? Here are some cool Minecraft items I found on Amazon.com
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- Creeper plush toy
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The Christmas Expo has tons of great home items...sharing just a few with you today.
Also, there are many activities going on at Expo. One of which is a Christmas Expo Raffle that is located at the Raffle building on Xmas Expo 2. It's only L$100 each or 3 for L$250 to enter. I encourage you to hop over and check out all the great prizes donated this year. You don't need to be present to win and ALL proceeds from the raffle go to Relay For Life/American Cancer Society!
Please check the Christmas Expo Blog for more details on this and other activities. Expo ends December 19.
Expo Sim 1 Expo Sim 2 Expo Sim 3 Expo Sim 4 Expo
Sim 5
Black Tulip - Forest Cottage V2 [nice shelving unites and colored walls]
CIRCA - Cane Reindeer - Holiday Stance [cute! reindeer decorated with ornaments, bell necklace & has a candy cane in its mouth :))]
CIRCA - Festive Pinecone Strand [these come in the lengths shown & color variation of white & brown.]
CIRCA - West-End Holiday Wreath [decorated with candle, pinecones & fruit...really pretty]
CIRCA - West-End Holiday Basket [basket has candle, fruit, pinecones & gold stars in it]
Hanaya - Mesh On Frozen Pond Picnic Table [includes hot chocolate mug & has snowball giver to pelt your friends with..woot!]
Hanaya - Wintery Driftwood Birdbath [just love the natural look of this and can't say enough I LOVE birds lol]
Katie's Kreations - Mesh Ruby Fireplace 2 RFL Special Edition
Katie's Kreations - Snuggly Armchair RFL Special Edition
Katie's Kreations - Snuggly Tray table & Accessories [accessories are coffee pot, cup & muffin]
Hanaya - Old Fashioned Christmas Tree [tree skirt & angel are texture change]
PRIME Christmas Fireplace [click fire on/off & there are seats on each side of the fireplace with 4 animations]
PRIME Xmas Chair [4 sits and one with auto rez guitar to play :)]
PRIME Teddy Giftbox
Park Place - Blue Upholstered Chair Set [includes chair, table, plate of cookies, cup & lamp]
Beach Street - home sweet home frame
Beach Street - holiday cookie jar 1
Hanaya - Old Fashioned Christmas Tree [tree skirt & angel are texture change]


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text:
Brian Stelter, a 21-year-old Towson University journalism student who gained renown by breaking news about the television industry on his TVNewser blog, has been hired by The New York Times.
His hiring underscores the growing embrace by traditional media of bloggers who can help newspapers reach readers focused on the Internet. Stelter, editor of the campus paper The Towerlight before graduating last month, will write about the media for the Times.
"It'll be a cool combination of writing stuff for the Web and, if it's a good enough story, it'll become a larger story for the newspaper," said Stelter, who launched TVNewser in 2004. "It's a really exciting model, and I'm excited that they think so, too."


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Parents with children that have developmental disabilities went before the Senate Finance Committee urging lawmakers to increase taxes to help fund programs that help them take care of their kids. Ashley McReynolds is the mother of 9-year-old Cooper who has a serious genetic disorder that makes him feel like he's starving to death. She says without state assistance they would not be able to raise Cooper at home.More


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The Key Chain to Save Sharks
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By pledging your support for the Ocean Geographic Society's Save Our Seas Foundation Programme, you will be helping Ocean Geographic Society in its efforts to preserve the well being of the ocean and natural environment. Through OceanNEnvironment, OGS works hand-in-hand with government agencies, the private sector and the environmental communities, to research, educate and inspire the people - in schools, corporates and in the wider community - to help protect endangered species and the general welfare of our ocean planet.
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(P, PS,) For the length of your support, Patron and Partners will be given 1 full page advertisement in each edition of Ocean Geographic. On a first come first serve basis, Patrons will have naming right for the following section: Ocean Watch, Capture, Sojourns, Nautilus Window, Content page.
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(P, PS, F) To acknowledge your support for the OGS projects, each year (for the term of the support) one to two members from your company will be invited as guest to one of our expedition; eg: for PATRON we extend an invitation for two people to our Antarctica Peninsula Photographic expedition at no charge. (air travel to depature point not included)
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Black Kingsnake
Binds when used
Use: Teaches you how to summon this companion.
Looks around, sniffing air with tongue.
» Video
Vocalizations (on-click)
This pet is only sold to horde characters. Alliance characters may purchase this pet through a neutral auction house and on occasion through their own auction house.
The Black Kingsnake is a trainable pet in Mists of Pandaria. However, only Orcs and Trolls are offered this option from Battle Pet Trainers. Once learned, all characters will have access to this pet.
The note at the bottom of the General Tab needs to be updated:
This pet was removed from Xan'tish's inventory in Patch 5.3, but is again offered for sale.
How to get this as a alliance now? since as I read it's not selling anymore?
--- nvm. It is still selling, warcraftpets might need to update the info.
This guy was a gift from a guildie he gave me about 20 pets to get me started. Thank you
Does anyone have a rare one?
Can not be bought as long as the Kor'kron are watching the Trolls (Patch 5.3)


text: Hello everyone, i have just ordered a copy of scrape box and have it read to use. i have read the tutorials they have but im still having trouble with it. If someone would be kind enough to help me over msn or team viewer ill submit your site using my scrape box. msn: dtownfresh(at)live.com


text: For quality-driven Manitobans seeking a custom-built home or renovation, Rick Weibe creates innovative, modern and traditional design that reflects the lifestyle and unique vision of his clients. Through a methodical and down-to-earth approach, Rick helps those embarking on the design process uncover the features they need to maximize the functional and aesthetic aspects of their living environment. There's nothing "affected" or "put-on" about Rick which is why we love him. He's got a designer's eye but understands that colour swatches and drawer pulls are not the focus of the average person's everyday life. He makes design elements understandable and helps put them in context.


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New York's own SoHo Kings releases a new single off their upcoming second album, titled "Sweet Thang." Their unique sound of Brooklyn rap prowess, pop melody swagger, rock guitar, EDM drum and bass is bringing them some national buzz.
Catch them perform a Free Midnight Show at PIANO'S in the les this Thursday, June 5th
© 2014, miixtapechiick. All rights reserved.


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If you are a veteran looking for help, click here to find a coach in your area now
Letter From Congressman Tim Ryan to U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Eric K. Shinseki:
Download the .pdf here…
A World Without PTSD: Dawson Church's Keynote Speech at the "Veterans, Trauma and Treatment" Conference. Listen & download here…
Welcome to the Veterans Stress Project
Of the 2.4 million Americans deployed in the recent Middle East wars, an estimated 30% have returned with PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder). That's in addition to the 479,000 Vietnam veterans that the Veterans Administration has diagnosed with PTSD.
Our society did little to rehabilitate the veterans returning from Vietnam. The result was thousands of lives ruined by alcohol and drug addiction, mental illness, suicide, and spousal abuse—to say nothing of the high emotional and medical costs borne by society as a whole. The lifetime cost of treating each veteran is estimated at $1.4 million.
We now face a stark choice. Will we repeat this mistake with our heroes who have returned from Iraq and Afghanistan? Or will we help them heal?
The Veterans Stress Project is determined to make a difference. Through this web site, we offer returning vets free or low-cost sessions using Energy Psychology, a method which many therapists and coaches are using to help veterans with PTSD to get their lives back. To see television news stories about our work, and videos of veterans using EFT, the most popular Energy Psychology method, visit this page.
The Veterans Stress Project is an initiative of the National Institute for Integrative Healthcare (NIIH), a nonprofit research and teaching institution not affiliated with the government or any religious group. NIIH has conducted many scientific studies of EFT. This research shows that 8 out of 10 veterans who come to this site for help, and complete 6 one-hour EFT sessions, no longer test positive for PTSD. They get better, and stay better over time. You can click here to read the story of an Iraq vet with PTSD whose symptoms disappeared dramatically and quickly after treatment with EFT.


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Hassan and the team from Hostodo has sent me my login information for the 2GB VPS I am reviewing.
Hostodo picked out their Los Angeles, California location for me and the deployment was very smooth. For $7/mo you receive 2GB of RAM, 120GB of disk space, 1 IPv4 address, 4 TB of bandwidth and 6 shared CPUs. The CPUs are Intel Xeon E3-1241v3 @ 3.5Ghz and 8mb cache.
For their Los Angeles VPS location, there is an option for an "Asian optimized IP address" which will get better connectivity to Southeast Asian customers or traffic. Many Los Angeles VPS providers offer such optimized IP addresses which better handle the network issues of Southeast Asia, specifically China, which is known to constantly change with the issues with GFW (China's Great Firewall)
Hostodo also has services in Miami, Florida and also Dallas, Texas on top of their Los Angeles, California location so the company has your major US locations covered. I like seeing a Miami location because Miami is becoming less common as some providers have pulled out of Miami or completely stop using Miami such as when ServerAxis packed up all their equipment and moved to Chicago, leaving a lot of Miami based providers with little or no notification on the move.
From what I can see on my MTR testing from OVH, it appears that the Los Angeles location is at Quadranet's Los Angeles facility which has over 60,000 square feet of colocation space in the Telecom Center building which is adjacent to the One Wilshire facility. Quadranet has been at the Telecom Center location since 2004.
I just checked with Cachefly to download a 100mb test file on the service and I received over 106 MB/s with the file downloading in less than 0.9 seconds so it appears this service is more than ready to start being used by anybody who need Los Angeles VPS hosting. The download speed with Hostodo is one of the fastest speeds I've seen on a test file and it shows the quality of Quadranet Los Angeles' bandwidth.
Needless to say, Hostodo's choice of Quadranet in Los Angeles is an excellent choice with the excellent operation of the facility that Quadranet does and the company's recent expansion.I can't wait to monitor and review this service some more to show the VPSLIST audience and possible future Hostodo customers what this service can offer to them.


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Coremetrics is a provider of digital marketing optimization solutions and web analytics. Its solutions are designed to generate high return on online marketing investments.
SDL Fredhopper helps you to create personalized and engaging online shopping experiences.
Coremetrics is leading in Top 10K Sites, Top 100K Sites, Top 1M Sites and The Entire Web.
In terms of market share, FredHopper is clearly lagging behind, losing to Coremetrics in all segments.
Coremetrics has better usage coverage in more websites categories. Including Business & Industry, Shopping, Finance, News & Media and 129 other categories.
FredHopper is leading in Womens Interests, Magazines & E-Zines and Consumer Electronics.
Coremetrics is leading in most countries, including United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan and 94 other countries.
FredHopper is leading in Iceland and Tunisia.


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When summer rolls around, all I want to do is sit outside, drink lemonade and chat with friends. So one of my favourite things to do is have a picnic!
I recently invited a few friends over and set up the perfect picnic – without the grass and ants – and I wanted to show you how I plan and create a backyard oasis.
The first thing you need is an outdoor space, whether you have a back porch like me, a yard or even a local park. You can use picnic tables or outdoor furniture or even just a blanket on some grass.
Next you need a theme, it can be anything you want but I chose to do a shabby chic garden party. Once you have a theme locked down, then try to find some inspiration around you. Use dishes and knick knacks that you already have, you will be surprised at what you can create with everyday items. Don't be afraid to DIY!
Next, check out Pinterest for printable banners and labels, they can really add a pop of fun and bring the theme together.
Then, hit up stores like Target, Michaels, Hobby Lobby and Dollartree for the little accents. My plates, cake stands, straws and napkins are all from the PoppyTalk collection at Target and they were such a fun and inexpensive way to add some floral inspiration.
Of course, I couldn't have a garden party theme without some flowers so I made sure to decorate with plenty of fake flowers – my cats eat real ones – as well as ones made from paper! I was also so lucky that my friend offered to bring her gorgeous hand painted floral wine glasses!
And of course, you can't have a picnic without some yummy food! This is where Pinterest is going to be your best friend, because there are so many creative ideas for simple summertime snacks that you would never think of.
I wanted to keep my menu really fresh and lightweight to counteract the amazing desserts that were bound to be eaten!So I started out with a super yummy but simple strawberry lemonade and then carried that theme through with a watermelon and feta salad, strawberry and greek yogurt parfaits and fruit and timbit (donut holes) skewers. I also offered two types of sandwiches, starting with my favourite cucumber and cream cheese and then Italian salami and havarti.
Then of course to top it all off, I had red velvet cupcakes, and donuts – my favourite treat!
Once you have all of those steps down you are ready to invite some friends over and have an amazing day in the sun! Don't forget to play some music and maybe play a game or two.
I hope you found some inspiration and that you throw your own picnic! I have linked as many things as I can but check out my Pinterest for more fun ideas and DIY's.