text:
Michael Williams/Startraks
Reese Witherspoon may be accustomed to researching her on-screen characters, but there's one role she admits to feeling unprepared for — being the mother of a teenager.
The Oscar winner, 35, tells Britain's TV show Daybreak that she's feeling apprehensive about her daughter Ava Elizabeth's upcoming 13th birthday, in September.
"I don't know anything about teenagers, so I'm on a big learning curve here," the This Means War star says.
"This is the time where I start asking all my friends who have kids who are older, 'What do you do about a cell phone? What are your rules about the computer? Is she allowed to go out with friends or is she not?' So I learn a lot from other mothers."
Also growing up fast is Witherspoon's son Deacon Reese, 8, her second child with ex-husband Ryan Phillippe.
"It's great to have older children," she says. "There's a little sadness as they're growing up and walking away from you, but it kind of changes the whole dynamic. We have really funny dinner conversations now, and they know more about certain topics than I ever, ever knew."
For instance, when it comes to Ava, "I can't keep up with her homework anymore," explains Witherspoon. "My daughter will ask me something about famous composers, and I have no idea what she's talking about. So that's kind of nice. It's like I'm learning from them."
Having married agent Jim Toth nearly a year ago, Witherspoon hasn't mentioned plans to have more children, but did say, "I like babies too. I hug all my girlfriends' babies. They're all so stinking cute!"
— Liz Raftery


text:
Washington University in St. Louis has contracted with the following investigators and institutions to assist in the conduct of the project research:
Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study (ADCS): Paul Aisen, MD—coordination of clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and monitoring of the acquisition of imaging studies and collection of biological fluids.
Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN: Clifford Jack, MD, PhD—MRI site training and standardization.
University of Michigan: Robert Koeppe, PhD—PET site training and standardization.
University of Pittsburgh: Chester Mathis, PhD—[11C]PIB site training and standardization.
San Francisco Veteran's Administration Medical Center: Michael Weiner, MD— Principal Investigator Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).
Steering Committee
A steering committee composed of DIAN's principal investigators, associate directors, executive director, core leaders, performance site leaders, prinicpal investigators from ADNI and the ADCS, a bioethicist, autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease family representatives, representatives of the Food and Drug Administration, and appropriate staff from the National Institute of Aging will govern the research.
Washington University (DIAN Coordinating Center; Performance Site)
John C. Morris, Director and Principal Investigator
David M. Holtzman, Associate Director
Alison M. Goate, Associate Director & Genetics Core Leader
Virginia Buckles, Executive Director
Randall Bateman, Clinical Core Leader
Chengjie Xiong, Biostatistics Core Leader
Nigel J. Cairns, Neuropathology Core Leader
Anne M. Fagan, Biomarker Core Leader
Tammie Benzinger, Imaging Core Leader
Dan Marcus, Informatics Core Leader
Other Performance Site Leaders
Reisa Sperling (Site PI), Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital
Stephen Salloway (Site PI), Butler Hospital/Brown University
Richard Mayeux (Site PI), Columbia University
Bernardino Ghetti (Site PI), Indiana University
Martin Rossor (Site PI), University College, London/Institute of Neurology
Eric McDade (Site PI), University of Pittsburgh
Neill Graff-Radford (Site PI), Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
Australian Consortium
Peter Schofield (Australian Consortium PI),Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney
Ralph Martins, Edith Cowan University, Perth
Colin Masters, University of Melbourne
German DIAN Sites
Mathias Jucker (Site PI), University of Tübingen
Adrian Danek (Site PI), University of Munich
Other Steering Committee Members
Paul Aisen, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study
Michael W. Weiner, Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Kimberly Quaid, Indiana University Center for Biothics
Neil Buckholtz and John K. Hsiao, National Institute on Aging
Two members of families with dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease
Resource Allocation Review Committee
A Resource Allocation Review Committee (RARC) will review requests for the use of biospecimens and recommend approval or disapproval to the Steering Committee.
David M. Holtzman (Chair), Washington University
Alison M. Goate, Washington University
Nigel J. Cairns, Washington University
Anne Fagan, Washington University
John K. Hsiao, National Institute on Aging
Gerard Schellenberg, University of Pennsylvania
John Q. Trojanowski, University of Pennsylvania
External Advisory Committee
Members of the External Advisory Committee (EAC) will review DIAN annually to evaluate progress, assess the effectiveness of communication among the grant components, and ensure that the conduct of the sites is of the highest possible quality. Current EAC members are:
Thomas Bird (Chair), University of Washington
Thomas Montine, University of Washington
Eric Reiman, Banner Health, Phoenix
Roger Rosenberg, University of Texas/Southwestern, Dallas
Peter St. George-Hyslop, University of Toronto

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Name
- Synopsis
- About this document
- Ambiguity: factoring versus symches
- The structure of a forest
- The glade hierarchy
- The glade ID
- Techniques for traversing ASF's
- Forest method
- Glade methods
- Symch methods
- Factoring methods
- Methods for reporting ambiguity
- Ambiguity reports
- The code for the synopsis
- Details
- Copyright and License
Marpa::R2::Glade - Low-level interface to Marpa's Abstract Syntax Forests (ASF's)
my $grammar = Marpa::R2::Scanless::G->new(
{ source => \(<<'END_OF_SOURCE'),
:start ::= pair
pair ::= duple | item item
duple ::= item item
item ::= Hesperus | Phosphorus
Hesperus ::= 'a'
Phosphorus ::= 'a'
my $slr = Marpa::R2::Scanless::R->new( { grammar => $grammar } );
$slr->read( \'aa' );
my $asf = Marpa::R2::ASF->new( { slr => $slr } );
die 'No ASF' if not defined $asf;
my $output_as_array = asf_to_basic_tree($asf);
my $actual_output = array_display($output_as_array);
The code for
asf_to_basic_tree() represents a user-supplied call using the interface described below. An full example of
asf_to_basic_tree(), which constructs a Perl array "tree", is given below.
array_display() displays the tree in a compact form. The code for it is also given below. The return value of
array_display() is as follows:
Glade 2 has 2 symches
Glade 2, Symch 0, pair ::= duple
Glade 6, duple ::= item item
Glade 8 has 2 symches
Glade 8, Symch 0, item ::= Hesperus
Glade 13, Hesperus ::= 'a'
Glade 15, Symbol 'a': "a"
Glade 8, Symch 1, item ::= Phosphorus
Glade 1, Phosphorus ::= 'a'
Glade 17, Symbol 'a': "a"
Glade 7 has 2 symches
Glade 7, Symch 0, item ::= Hesperus
Glade 22, Hesperus ::= 'a'
Glade 24, Symbol 'a': "a"
Glade 7, Symch 1, item ::= Phosphorus
Glade 9, Phosphorus ::= 'a'
Glade 26, Symbol 'a': "a"
Glade 2, Symch 1, pair ::= item item
Glade 8 revisited
Glade 7 revisited
About this document
This document describes the low-level interface to Marpa's abstract syntax forests (ASF's). It assumes that you are already familiar with the high-level interface. This low-level interface allows the maximum flexiblity in building the forest, but requires the application to do much of the work.
Ambiguity: factoring versus symches
An abstract syntax forest (ASF) is similar to an abstract syntax tree (AST), but it has an additional ability -- it can represent an ambiguous parse. Ambiguity in a parse can come in two forms, and Marpa's ASF's treat the distinction as important. An ambiguity can be a symbolic choice (a symch), or a factoring. Symbolic choices are the kind of ambiguity that springs first to mind -- a choice between rules, or a choice between a rule and token. Factorings involve only one rule, but the RHS symbols of that rule divide the input up ("factor it") in different ways. I'll give examples below.
Symches and factorings are treated separately, because they behave very differently:
Symches are less common than factorings.
Factorings are frequently not of interest; symches are almost always of major interest.
Symches usually have just a few alternatives; the possible number of factorings easily grows into the thousands.
In the worst case, the number of symches is a constant that depends on size of the grammar. In the worst case, the number of factorings grows exponentially with the length of the string being factored.
The constant limiting the number of symches will almost always be of manageable size. The number of factorings can grow without limit.
An example of a symch
Hesperus is Venus's traditional name as an evening star, and Phosphorus (aka Lucifer) is its traditional name as a morning star. For the grammar,
:start ::= planet
planet ::= hesperus
planet ::= phosphorus
hesperus ::= venus
phosphorus ::= venus
venus ~ 'venus'
and the input string '
venus', the forest would look like
Symbol #0 planet has 2 symches
Symch #0.0
GL2 Rule 0: planet ::= hesperus
GL3 Rule 2: hesperus ::= venus
GL4 Symbol venus: "venus"
Symch #0.1
GL2 Rule 1: planet ::= phosphorus
GL5 Rule 3: phosphorus ::= venus
GL6 Symbol venus: "venus"
Notice the tags of the form "
GLn", where n is an integer. These identify the glade. Glades will be described in detail below.
The rules allow the string '
venus' to be parsed as either one of two planets: '
hesperus' or '
phosphorus', depending on whether rule 0 or rule 1 is used. The choice, at glade 2, between rules 0 and 1, is a symch.
An example of a factoring
For the grammar,
:start ::= top
top ::= b b
b ::= a a
b ::= a
a ~ 'a'
and the input '
aaa', a successful parse will always have two
b's. Of these two
b's one will always be short, deriving a string of length 1: '
a'. The other will always be long, deriving a string of length 2: '
aa'. But they can be in either order, which means that the two
b's can divide up the input stream in two different ways: long string first; or short string first.
These two different ways of dividing the input stream using the rule
top ::= b b
are called a factoring. Here's Marpa's dump of the forest:
GL2 Rule 0: top ::= b b
Factoring #0
GL3 Rule 2: b ::= a
GL4 Symbol a: "a"
GL5 Rule 1: b ::= a a
GL6 Symbol a: "a"
GL7 Symbol a: "a"
Factoring #1
GL8 Rule 1: b ::= a a
GL9 Symbol a: "a"
GL10 Symbol a: "a"
GL11 Rule 2: b ::= a
GL12 Symbol a: "a"
The structure of a forest
The terminology I use for ASF's pictures an ASF as a forest on a mountain. This mountain forest has glades, and there are paths between the glades. The term "glade" comes from the idea of a glade as a distinct place in a forest that is open to light.
The paths between glades have a direction -- they are always thought of as running one-way: downhill. If a path connects two glades, the one uphill is called an upglade and the one downhill is called a downglade.
There is a glade at the top of mountain called the "peak". The peak has no upglades.
The glade hierarchy
The glade hierarchy is directed graph whose nodes are glades. Internally, glade nodes have an 3-level internal structure made up of
one or more symches, which contain
zero or more factorings, which contain
one or more downglades.
When discussing symches and factorings inside the internal structure of a glade G, G will be called the containing glade.
If G is a glade, the downglades in the internal structure will be the child nodes of G in the directed graph of glades. There may not be any downglades, in which case G will be a terminal in the directed graph of glades.
Each glade node represents an instance of a symbol in one of the possible parse trees. This means that each glade has a symbol (called the "glade symbol"), and an "input span". An input span is an input start location, and a length in characters. Because it has a start location and a length, a span also specifies an end location in the input.
Every glade contains one or more symches. If a glade has only one symch, that symch is said to be unique. A symch is either a token symch or a rule symch. For a token symch, the glade symbol is the token symbol. For a rule symch, the glade symbol is the LHS of the rule.
Token symches
At most one of the symches in a glade can be a token symch. Token symches have no children. In the internal structure of a glade, they are terminals. If a glade has a unique symch, and that symch is a token symch, that glade will be a terminal in the glade hierarchy.
Rule symches
There can be many rule symches in a glade -- one for every rule with the glade symbol on its LHS. As the name suggests, every rule symch has a rule associated with it. In every rule symch, the LHS of its rule will always be the same as the glade symbol of the glade that contains the rule symch.
Every rule symch has one or more factorings, or factors, as children. A rule symch is said to contain its child factorings. Each factoring is the RHS of the parent symch's rule, mapped to a unique set of G1 locations. The term "factoring" is traditional in the literature and is meant to suggest that a factoring is a way of "dividing up" the input span of the containing glade among its RHS symbols.
If a rule symch has only one factoring, that factoring is said to be unique. Because the number of factorings can get out of hand, factorings may be omitted. A symch which omits factorings is said to be truncated. By default, every symch is truncated down to its first 42 factorings.
Every factoring has one or more downglades as children. The number of downglades will be L, where L is the length of the RHS of the parent symch's rule. (The parent symch will always be a rule symch.) Each of L RHS symbols will be located at a specific G1 span, and will therefore be a symbol instance. This symbol instance will be the symbol instance of a glade, and that glade will be the downglade.
Within a glade, symches, factorings and downglades are tracked using zero-based indexes. Since the internal structure of a glade has a 3-level structure, within a given containing glade G, any downglade can be uniquely identified as
($symch_ix, $factor_ix, $downglade_ix), where
$symch_ix is a zero-based symch index,
$factor_ix is a zero-based factoring index, and
$downglade_ix is a zero-based downglade index.
The glade ID
Each glade has a glade ID. This can be relied on to be a non-negative integer. A glade ID may be zero. Glade ID's are obtained from the "peak()" and "factoring_downglades()" methods.
Techniques for traversing ASF's
When traversing a forest, you should take steps to avoid traversing the same glades twice. You can do this by memoizing the result of each glade, perhaps using its glade ID to index an array. When a glade is visited, the array can be checked to see if its result has been memoized. If so, the memoized result should be used.
This memoization eliminates the need to revisit the downglades of an already visited glade. It does not eliminate multiple visits to a glade, but it does eliminate retraversal of the glades downhill from it. In practice, the improvement in speed can be stunning. It will often be the difference between an program which is unuseably slow even for very small inputs, and one which is extremely fast even for large inputs.
Repeated subtraversals happen when two glades share the same downglades, something that occurs frequently in ASF's. Additionally, some day the SLIF may allow cycles. Memoization will prevent a cycle from causing an infinite loop.
The example in this POD includes a memoization scheme which is very simple, but adequate for most purposes. The main logic of its memoization is shown here.
my ( $asf, $glade, $seen ) = @_;
return bless ["Glade $glade revisited"], 'My_Revisit'
if $seen->[$glade];
$seen->[$glade] = 1;
Putting memoization in one of the very first drafts of your code will save you time and trouble.
Forest method
my $peak = $asf->peak();
Returns the glade ID of the peak. This may be zero. All failures are thrown as exceptions.
Glade methods
my $literal = $asf->glade_literal($glade);
Returns the literal substring of the input associated with the glade. Every glade is associated with a span -- a start location in the input, and a length. On failure, throws an exception.
The literal is determined by the range. This works as expected if your application reads the input characters one-by-one, in order and without gaps except for characters that are normally discarded, such as whitespace. (We will call applications which read in this fashion, monotonic.) Most applications are monotonic, and yours is, unless you've taken special pains to make it otherwise. Computation of literal substrings for non-monotonic applications is addressed in "Literals and G1 spans" in Marpa::R2::Scanless::R.
my ( $glade_start, $glade_length ) = $asf->glade_span($glade_id);
Returns the span of the input associated with the glade. Every glade is associated with a span -- a start location in the input, and a length. On failure, throws an exception.
The span will be as expected if your application reads the input characters one-by-one in order. (We will call applications which read in this fashion, monotonic.) Most applications are monotonic, and yours is, unless you've taken special pains to make it otherwise. Computation of literal substrings for non-monotonic applications is addressed in "Literals and G1 spans" in Marpa::R2::Scanless::R.
my $symch_count = $asf->glade_symch_count($glade);
Requires a glade ID as its only argument. Returns the number of symches contained in the glade specified by the argument. On failure, throws an exception.
my $symbol_id = $asf->glade_symbol_id($glade);
my $display_form = $grammar->symbol_display_form($symbol_id);
Requires a glade ID as its only argument. Returns the symbol ID of the "glade symbol" for the glade specified by the argument. On failure, throws an exception.
Symch methods
my $rule_id = $asf->symch_rule_id( $glade, $symch_ix );
Requires two arguments: a glade ID and a zero-based symch index. These specify a symch. If the symch specified is a rule symch, returns the rule ID. If it is a token symch, returns -1.
Returns a Perl undef, if the glade exists, but the symch index is too high. On other failure, throws an exception.
[ To be written. ]
my $factoring_count =
$asf->symch_factoring_count( $glade, $symch_ix );
Requires two arguments: a glade ID and a zero-based symch index. These specify a symch. Returns the count of factorings if the specified symch is a rule symch. This count will always be one or greater. Returns zero if the specified symch is a token symch.
Returns a Perl undef, if the glade exists, but the symch index is too high. On other failure, throws an exception.
Factoring methods
my $downglades =
$asf->factoring_downglades( $glade, $symch_ix,
$factor_ix );
Requires three arguments: a glade ID, the zero-based index of a symch and the zero-based index of a factoring. These specify a factoring. On success, returns a reference to an array. The array contains the glade IDs of the downglades in the factoring specified.
Returns a Perl undef, if the glade and symch exist, but the factoring index is too high. On other failure, throws an exception. In particular, exceptions are thrown if the symch is for a token; and if the glade exists, but the symch index is too high.
Methods for reporting ambiguity
if ( $recce->ambiguity_metric() > 1 ) {
my $asf = Marpa::R2::ASF->new( { slr => $recce } );
die 'No ASF' if not defined $asf;
my $ambiguities = Marpa::R2::Internal::ASF::ambiguities($asf);
# Only report the first two
my @ambiguities = grep {defined} @{$ambiguities}[ 0 .. 1 ];
$actual_value = 'Application grammar is ambiguous';
$actual_result =
Marpa::R2::Internal::ASF::ambiguities_show( $asf, \@ambiguities );
last PROCESSING;
} ## end if ( $recce->ambiguity_metric() > 1 )
my $ambiguities = Marpa::R2::Internal::ASF::ambiguities($asf);
Returns a reference to an array of ambiguity reports in the ASF. The first and only argument must be an ASF object. The array returned will be be zero length if the parse was not ambiguous. Ambiguity reports are as described below.
While the
ambiguities() method can be called to determine whether or not ambiguities exist, it is the more expensive way to do it. The $slr->ambiguity_metric() method tests an already-existing boolean and is therefore extremely fast. If you are simply testing for ambiguity, use the
ambiguity_metric() method instead. If you can save time when you know that a parse is unambiguous, you may want to test for ambiguity with the
ambiguity_metric() method before calling the
ambiguities() method.
$actual_result =
Marpa::R2::Internal::ASF::ambiguities_show( $asf, \@ambiguities );
Returns a string which contains a description of the ambiguities in its arguments. Takes two arguments, both required. The first is an ASF, and the second is a reference to an array of ambiguities, in the format returned by the ambiguities() method.
Major applications will often have their own customized ambiguity formatting routine, one which can formulate error messages based, not just on the names of the rules and symbols, but on knowledge of the role that the rules and symbols play in the application. This method is intended for applications which do not have their own customized ambiguity handling. For those which do, it can be used as a fallback for handling those reports that the customized method does not recognize or that do not need special handling. The format of the returned string and is subject to change, and is intended for reading by humans only.
Ambiguity reports
The ambiguity reports returned by the
ambiguities() method are of two kinds: symch reports and factoring reports. Only ambiguities uppermost on a path are reported -- in other words, an ambiguity is not reported if it is downhill and does not have a higher altitude. (Because of cycles, it is possible for a downhill glade to be at a higher altitude.) Within glade, all of the factorings are considered downhill from, and of equal altitude to the symches, so that if a glade has a symch ambiguity, there will be no factoring ambiguity reports for that glade.
Typically, when there is more than one kind of ambiguity in an input span, only one is of real interest, and symch ambiguities are usually of more interest than factorings. And if one ambiguity is uphill from another, the downhill ambiguity is usually a side effect of the uphill one and of little interest.
Symch reports
A symch report is issued whenever, in a top-down traversal of the ASF, a glade is encountered which has more than one symch. A symch report takes the form
[ 'symch', $glade ]
$glade is the ID of the glade with the symch ambiguity. With this and the accessor methods in this document, an application can report full details of the symch ambiguity.
Factoring reports
A factoring report identifies a sequence of RHS symbols which has more than one factoring. Factoring reports identify not just a rule, but specific subsequences within the RHS which are multiply factored -- multifactored stretches. Marpa goes down to the symbol level, because a Marpa RHS can be very long. Marpa's sequence rules, especially, can have long stretches where the symbols are in sync with each other, broken by other stretches where they are out of sync. (A detailed definition of multifactored stretches is below.)
A factoring report takes the form
[ 'factoring', $glade, $symch_ix, $rhs_ix1, $factor_ix2, $rhs_ix2 ];
$glade is the ID of the glade with the factoring ambiguity, and
$symch_ix is the index of the symch involved. The multifactored stretch is described by two "identifying downglades". Both downglades are at the beginning of the stretch, and both will have the same input start location. The identifying downglades will differ in length.
The first of the two identifying factors has a factoring index of 0, and its downglade index is
$rhs_ix1. The second identifying factor has a factoring index of
$factor_ix2, and its downglade index is
The identifying downglades will usually be enough for error reporting, which is the usual application of these reports. A multifactored stretch can be extremely large. Full details of it can be found by following up on the information in the factoring report using the accessor methods described in this document.
The code for the synopsis
The asf_to_basic_tree() code
sub asf_to_basic_tree {
my ( $asf, $glade ) = @_;
my $peak = $asf->peak();
return glade_to_basic_tree( $asf, $peak, [] );
} ## end sub asf_to_basic_tree
sub glade_to_basic_tree {
my ( $asf, $glade, $seen ) = @_;
return bless ["Glade $glade revisited"], 'My_Revisit'
if $seen->[$glade];
$seen->[$glade] = 1;
my $grammar = $asf->grammar();
my @symches = ();
my $symch_count = $asf->glade_symch_count($glade);
SYMCH: for ( my $symch_ix = 0; $symch_ix < $symch_count; $symch_ix++ ) {
my $rule_id = $asf->symch_rule_id( $glade, $symch_ix );
if ( $rule_id < 0 ) {
my $literal = $asf->glade_literal($glade);
my $symbol_id = $asf->glade_symbol_id($glade);
my $display_form = $grammar->symbol_display_form($symbol_id);
push @symches,
bless [qq{Glade $glade, Symbol $display_form: "$literal"}],
next SYMCH;
} ## end if ( $rule_id < 0 )
# ignore any truncation of the factorings
my $factoring_count =
$asf->symch_factoring_count( $glade, $symch_ix );
my @symch_description = ("Glade $glade");
push @symch_description, "Symch $symch_ix" if $symch_count > 1;
push @symch_description, $grammar->rule_show($rule_id);
my $symch_description = join q{, }, @symch_description;
my @factorings = ($symch_description);
for (
my $factor_ix = 0;
$factor_ix < $factoring_count;
my $downglades =
$asf->factoring_downglades( $glade, $symch_ix,
$factor_ix );
push @factorings,
bless [ map { glade_to_basic_tree( $asf, $_, $seen ) }
@{$downglades} ], 'My_Rule';
} ## end for ( my $factor_ix = 0; $factor_ix < $factoring_count...)
if ( $factoring_count > 1 ) {
push @symches,
bless [
"Glade $glade, symch $symch_ix has $factoring_count factorings",
next SYMCH;
} ## end if ( $factoring_count > 1 )
push @symches, bless [ @factorings[ 0, 1 ] ], 'My_Factorings';
} ## end SYMCH: for ( my $symch_ix = 0; $symch_ix < $symch_count; ...)
return bless [ "Glade $glade has $symch_count symches", @symches ],
if $symch_count > 1;
return $symches[0];
} ## end sub glade_to_basic_tree
The array_display() code
Because of the blessings in this example, a standard dump of the output array is too cluttered for comfortable reading. The following code displays the output from
asf_to_basic_tree() in a more compact form. Note that this code makes no use of Marpa, and works for all Perl arrays. It is included for completeness, and as a simple example of array traversal.
sub array_display {
my ($array) = @_;
my ( undef, @lines ) = @{ array_lines_display($array) };
my $text = q{};
for my $line (@lines) {
my ( $indent, $body ) = @{$line};
$indent -= 6;
$text .= ( q{ } x $indent ) . $body . "\n";
return $text;
} ## end sub array_display
sub array_lines_display {
my ($array) = @_;
my $reftype = Scalar::Util::reftype($array) // '!undef!';
return [ [ 0, $array ] ] if $reftype ne 'ARRAY';
my @lines = ();
ELEMENT: for my $element ( @{$array} ) {
for my $line ( @{ array_lines_display($element) } ) {
my ( $indent, $body ) = @{$line};
push @lines, [ $indent + 2, $body ];
} ## end ELEMENT: for my $element ( @{$array} )
return \@lines;
} ## end sub array_lines_display
This section contains details not essential to understanding the main topic of this document. These details include restatements of what is said above in more formal terms, and formal statements of concepts that have been left to the intuition. Some readers find these details helpful, while others find them distracting. Segregating these details here serves the needs of both.
An alternative way of defining glade terminology
Here's a way of defining some of the above terms which is less intuitive, but more precise. First, define the glade length from glades A to glade B in an ASF as the number of glades on the shortest path from A to B, not including glade A. (Recall that paths are directional.) If there is no path between glades A and B, the glade length is undefined. Glade B is a downglade of glade A, and glade A is an upglade of glade B, if and only if the glade length from A to B is 1.
A glade A is uphill with respect to glade B, and a glade B is downhill with respect to glade A, if and only if the glade length from A to B is defined.
A peak of an ASF is a node without upglades. By construction of the ASF, there is only one peak. The distance-to-peak of a glade
A is the glade length from the peak to glade
A. Glade
A is said to have a higher altitude than glade
B if the distance-to-peak of glade
A is less than that of glade
B. Glade
A has a lower altitude than glade
B if the distance-to-peak of glade
A is greater than that of glade
B. Glade
A has the same altitude as glade
B if the distance-to-peak of glade
A is equal to that of glade
In the current SLIF implementation, a forest is a directed acyclic graph (DAG). (In the mathematical literature a DAG is also called a "tree", but that use is confusing in the present context.) The underlying Marpa algorithm allows parse trees with cycles, and someday the SLIF probably will as well. When that happens, ASF's will no longer be "acyclic" and therefore will be directed graphs (DG's) but not DAG's. This document talks about ASF's as if that day had already come -- it assumes that the ASF's might contain cycles.
In an ASF that contains one or more cycles, the concepts of uphill and downhill become much less useful for describing the relative positions of glades. For example, if glade A cycles back to itself through glade B, then
Glade A will be uphill from glade B, and
Glade B will be uphill from glade A; so that
Glade B will be downhill from glade A, and
Glade A will be downhill from glade B; and
Glade A will be both downhill and uphill from itself; and
Glade B will be both downhill and uphill from itself.
ASF's will always be constructed so that the peak has no upglades. Because of this, the peak can never be part of a cycle. This means that altitude will always be well defined in the sense that, for any two glades
A and
B, one and only one of the following statements will be true:
Ais lower in altitude than glade
Ais higher in altitude than glade
Ais equal in altitude to glade
Token symches
In the current SLIF implementation, a symbol is always either a token or the LHS of a rule. This means that any glade that contains a token symch cannot contain any rule symches. It also means that any glade that contains a rule symch will not contain a token symch.
However, the underlying Marpa algorithm allows LHS terminals, and someday the SLIF probably will as well. This document is written as if that day has already come, and describes glades as if they could contain both rule symches and a token symch.
Maximum symches per glade
Above, the point is made that the number of symches in a glade, even in the worst case, is a very manageable number. For a particular case, it is not hard to work out the exact maximum. Here are the details.
There can be at most one token symch. There can be only rule symch for every rule. In addition, all rules in a glade must have the glade symbol as their LHS. Let the number of rules with the glade symbol on their LHS be
r. The maximum number of symches in a glade is
Multifactored stretches
Marpa locates factoring ambiguities, not just by rule, but by subsequences of symbols within a RHS. It finds multifactored stretches, input spans where the sequence of symbols can have multiple factorings. Sequence rules can have a very long RHS. If ambiguity reporting is to be precise, it is necessary to narrow down factoring ambiguities to the specific input spans where they occur.
Marpa tries to break up each ambiguously factored RHS into as many multifactored stretches as possible. Nonetheless, there will be cases in which a multifactored stretch encompasses the entire RHS of a rule.
The main body of this document worked with an intuitive "know one when I see one" idea of multifactored stretches. In this section we will give an exact definition. First, we will need some preliminary definitions.
Consider the case of a arbitrary, ambiguous rule symch. The ambiguous rule symch can be seen as a set of factorings. We need a way to identify individual downglades within each factoring of the set. Within a factoring, there is a one-to-one correspondence between downglade and locations in the string of symbols that is the RHS. Therefore downglades can be identified uniquely as
glade_id, symch_ix, factor_ix, rhs_ix, where
glade_id is a unique identifier of the glade,
symch_ix is a zero-based symch index,
factor_ix is a zero-based factoring index, and
rhs_ix is a zero-based index identifying a symbol location in the RHS string.
In much of what follows, we will assume we are talking about a specific glade and rule symch, which is understood in context, so that we can take
factor_ix, rhs_ix as uniquely identifying a downglade. We will call
factor_ix, rhs_ix a downglade duple.
Let N be the number of factorings in the rule symch of interest. Since we are dealing with a specific rule symch, we also have a specific rule that is of interest. Call the length of the RHS of that rule,
rhs_length. For every
factor_ix, the values of
rhs_ix will be in the range
0 ... rhs_length-1.
Each downglade
factor_ix, rhs_ix corresponds one-to-one to a G1 span. This means that there is a total function
G1_start(factor_ix, rhs_ix) from a downglade to a G1 start location; and that there is a total function
G1_length(factor_ix, rhs_ix) from a downglade to a G1 length.
A symch location set is a set of N downglade duples such there is exactly one element
factor_ix, rhs_ix in the set for each
0 <= factor_ix < N. In other words, a symch location set is a total function from the factor indexes to the RHS indexes.
A symch alignment is a symch location set whose elements shares a common G1 start location. A symch alignment is synced if its elements share a common G1 length as well. A symch alignment is unsynced if it is not synced.
More formally, if we represent the symch location set function as
SLS is a symch alignment if and only if there is some constant G1 location pos such that, for all
factor_ix such that
0 <= factor_ix < N,
G1_start(factor_ix, SLS(factor_ix)) = pos. We say the
pos is the location of the symch alignment.
SLS is a synced symch alignment if and only if it is a symch aligment and there is some constant number L such
G1_length(factor_ix, SLS(factor_ix)) = L.
Of special interest is the initial symch location set. The initial symch location set is the symch position all of whose RHS indexes are 0. Equivalently, it is the constant function
ISLS where
ISLS(factor_ix)=0 for all
factor_ix such that
0 <= factor_ix < N. The initial symch location set is always a symch alignment, and is called the initial symch alignment.
We are now in a position to define a multifactored stretch for a specific rule symch. Call a G1 location an anchor if it is the location of a synced symch alignment or, as a special case, if it is one past the last location of the G1 stream. We say that a G1 span is anchored if its start and end G1 locations are anchors. A multifactored stretch is an anchored G1 span which contains only one anchored G1 location. (Recall that, by the definition of a span, the end location of a span is not contained in the span.)
As a consequence of its definition, the start location of a multifactored stretch will always be an anchor, and the only anchored location in the multifactored stretch will be its start location. (Again, by definition, the end location of the stretch is not contained in the stretch.)
Multifactored stretches are aligned and anchored in terms of G1 locations, and not in terms of input stream locations or RHS indexes. It may be useful, however, to look at syncing and alignment from other points of view. This is done in the next two sections.
Alignment and input stream locations
Because G1 spans map to input stream spans, symch location sets that are aligned or synced in G1 terms will be aligned or synced from the input stream point of view as well. But, if the input is not monotonic, the opposite is not necessarily the case. Because several G1 locations can share an input stream location, symch location sets that seem aligned or synced from the input stream point of view may not be considered aligned or synced from the G1 location point.
Alignment and RHS indexes
Symch location sets that are aligned from the G1 location point will typically not be aligned from the point of the RHS indexes. Non-aligned RHS indexes are particularly likely for long sequence rules, where the RHS is a long string containing many repetitions of a single symbol.
Copyright and License
Copyright 2015 Jeffrey Kegler
This file is part of Marpa::R2. Marpa::R2 is free software: you can
redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser
General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
Marpa::R2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser
General Public License along with Marpa::R2. If not, see


text:
Jud_Bruc on Family Tree Circles
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
James B Chapman lineage. Born in WV. Possibly 1891.
James B CHAPMAN and Nettie MYERS CHAPMAN got married when he was 19 and she was 14. I have three names for a wife for him.Genetta or Angemetta and Nettie. I wonder if Nettie is short for Genetta. Anyway looking at the census they have the same kids. The girls I have are Ora 1911 Grace 1912 Franis 1914 (not sure is male or female) Violet 1916 Gladis 1918 Stella 1921 Elisa 1924 Enna 1927 Betty 1929 and Ethel 1935. There was a Clarence too. in 1930 it said he was born 1928 and in 1920 is said he was born in 1909. It may be a miss print, or two different people. I thought that in 1930 Clarence may of been their grandson because their son William and his 16 year old wife lived with them. William was married for two years and Clarence was two years old. But it more that likely a miss print because on the census they list the kids in order of their age and this two year old was out or order.
Ethels, brothers William 1906-1968 Lewis F. 4-2-1922-8-18-1992
Elias 1925-1987 James Paul 4-25-19309-21-1977. Donald E. 10-19-1933-5-18-1987.Her Dad James may of died 3 years after she was born in 1938 The mother may have remarried I found a record someone wrote that said there were 15 kids five of those listed as step kids. I wrote that person, they didnt list any kids names.
- Displaying 1-1 of 1 Journals
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- of1


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= Rahul Sundaram =
= Rahul Sundaram =
* '''Email''': sundaram AT fedoraproject DOT org
* '''Email''': sundaram AT fedoraproject DOT org
Revision as of 11:42, 9 June 2008
Rahul Sundaram
- Email: sundaram AT fedoraproject DOT org
- IRC: mether. Hang out in #fedora #fedora-docs #fedora-qa #fedorabot #fedora-devel #fedora-mktg #fedora-websites #fedora-admin #fedora-india.
- GPG key: N/A
- Fedora Account: sundaram
- Red Hat community engineer.
- Previous profile: Red Hat OLPC team information and community wrangler.
- Fedora Ambassador for India and a former founding member of the Fedora Board and Fedora Ambassadors Steering Committee.
- Self elected Fedora project monkey and noisemaker cautiously sponsored by Red Hat. Working in Red Hat Software Services, Pune, India.
- Long term contributor to multiple Fedora Projects
- Linux Documentation Project volunteer
I lead the Fedora Games spin , Fedora Xfce spin and some Indian Language spins of Fedora.
Packages I Maintain/Co-maintain
Red Hat Magazine
- Fedora 9 and the road to KDE4
- AbiWord Team Inteview
- Introducing Fedora Core 6 - Part 2
- Inside Fedora Core 6 - Part 1
- Inside Fedora Core 5
Linux For You
- Freedom Software: How to Contribute : September 1, 2003 Page: 99
- Top 10 Freedom Software Myths : July 1, 2003 Page: 91-92
- Popular Linux Packages : April 1, 2003 Page: 25-26
- Linux@Home February 1, 2003 Page: 14-16
Source: Search by Author in http://www.linuxforu.com/archive.php
Media References
- http://blue-gnu.biz/content/importance_039_completely_libre_039_distributions
- http://lwn.net/Articles/242051/
- http://distrocenter.linux.com/distrocenter/07/05/03/1711201.shtml?tid=111
- http://www.linux.com/article.pl?sid=07/03/01/1646249
- http://distrowatch.com/weekly.php?issue=20070212
- http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Marketing/PressArchive - Linux For You December 2006 Articles
- http://news.com.com/Open+source+casts+new+mold+for+type+design/2100-7344_3-6092398.html
Conference Reports
I love to attend conferences and any public technology gathering to meet and discuss with people on Linux and other Free software.
Fedora Documentation
I have contributed extensively to Fedora release notes and I am a editor and writer of the Overview beat in the release notes.
I also maintain the official Fedora FAQ and wrote and maintain the Overview , Red Hat Contributions , security features and Fedora 7 FAQ pages.
Fedora Weekly News
I am a editor and lead writer of the "Ask Fedora" Column in Fedora Weekly News reports
Fedora Notes
My Fedora related notes and TODO list are available here
- Marketing
- Ambassadors Ex-Steering Commitee member and Ambassador - India
- Bug Triaging
- Documentation - release notes and wiki
- Mentors - Docs, Bug triaging


text:
Our holdings include hundreds of glass and film negatives/transparencies that we've scanned ourselves; in addition, many other photos on this site were extracted from reference images (high-resolution tiffs) in the Library of Congress research archive. (To query the database click here.) They are adjusted, restored and reworked by your webmaster in accordance with his aesthetic sensibilities before being downsized and turned into the jpegs you see here. All of these images (including "derivative works") are protected by copyright laws of the United States and other jurisdictions and may not be sold, reproduced or otherwise used for commercial purposes without permission.
Vintage photos of:
1950. Cocktail hour at the Spencer residence in Santa Monica. Note the mirror-view television sunken into the table. Architect: Richard Spencer. Color transparency by Julius Shulman. View full size. Is Uncle Miltie on tonight?
1913. "International Anti-Vivisection Congress. Standing: Mrs. Clinton Pinckney Farrell, Mrs. Florence Pell Waring. Seated: Mrs. Caroline E. White, Miss Louise Lind-af-Hageby, Mrs. Robert G. Ingersoll. The object of the congress is a consistent opposition to all forms of cruelty to animals." View full size.
October 1913. Dallas, Texas. "Two six-year-old newsboys. Odell McDuffy and Sam Stillman. There are many other of six and seven years selling here." Photograph and caption by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.
1917. "C.W. Hecox, instructor in machine shop, D.C. public schools. Supervising manufacture of practice shells for Navy at McKinley training school." Harris & Ewing Collection glass negative, Library of Congress. View full size.
Circa 1945-47. "Experimental kitchen model." Our second picture in this series of speculative designs addressing the postwar shortage of housing for mice. This model home has an open floorplan and open ceiling plan as well, with attic storage for giant cigars and oversize tins. Photo: Eric Schaal, Life archive. View full size.
Circa 1916. "Society Circus. Clowns on a horse." The poor horse being the straight man in this act. Harris & Ewing Collection glass negative. View full size.
Washington circa 1924. "Wilkins Building, 1514 H Street." With a ghost strolling past the hydrant. National Photo Company glass negative. View full size.
From a series titled "Experimental housing models. Storage shed & garage, dining room & kitchen." Circa 1945-48, of the "Your Future Postwar Home" genre. Kodachrome transparency by Eric Schaal, Life photo archive. View full size.


text:
PURELL® Advanced Hand Sanitizer and Teachers Team Up to Fight Germs
PURELL® Advanced Hand Sanitizer 30-Day Classroom Challenge rewards educators for teaching students healthy habits
AKRON, Ohio (July 8, 2014) – During this back-to-school season, GOJO, the makers of PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer, invites teachers to participate in the PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer 30-Day Classroom Challenge. In joining the Classroom Challenge, teachers are pledging that for 30 days (between now and December), they will focus on helping students understand the importance of hand hygiene.
When joining the Challenge, each teacher is entered in a sweepstakes. The grand-prize winner of the sweepstakes will receive a $200 Amazon gift card, $200 in PURELL products and $200 in PURELL products for a charity of their choice. Five runners-up each will win a PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer prize pack valued at over $100. The sweepstakes runs through December 2014.
To help teach their students good habits, teachers receive access to a free kit of hand hygiene materials—including grade-appropriate writing and math prompts, a programmable school supply list, display ideas, parent pages, valuable coupons and more.
"Teaching my students good hand hygiene will benefit them for life. I want happy, healthy students all year long," said third-grade teacher Sue Walker, of Blowing Rock, N.C. Teachers like Walker have already signed up for the Challenge and will head back to school ready to show students the importance of good hand hygiene – including washing with soap and water and using PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer to fight the spread of germs.
By putting PURELL Hand Sanitizer products on their back-to-school list, teachers help students develop habits that can keep them healthy and in school. Elementary school absenteeism due to infection is significantly reduced when an alcohol gel hand sanitizer is used in the classroom as part of a hand hygiene program, according to the American Journal of Infection Control.
Missing school means missing valuable instruction time—time students can't afford to lose. PURELL Advanced Hand Sanitizer kills 99.99 percent of germs and can reduce children's absenteeism by 20 percent.1
To learn more, or to join the 30-Day Classroom Challenge, visit http://bit.ly/1hTp2NB.
About PURELL® Advanced Hand Sanitizer and GOJO Industries, Inc.
GOJO Industries, Inc. is the inventor of PURELL® Advanced Instant Hand Sanitizer and the leading global producer and marketer of skin health and hygiene solutions for away-from-home settings. The broad GOJO product portfolio includes hand cleaning, hand washing, hand sanitizing, and skin care formulas under the GOJO®, PURELL®, and PROVON® brand names. GOJO formulations use the latest advances in the science of skin care and sustainability. GOJO is known for state-of-the-art dispensing technology, engineered with attention to design, sustainability and functionality. GOJO programs promote healthy behaviors for hand hygiene, skin care and compliance in critical environments. GOJO is a privately held corporation headquartered in Akron, Ohio, with offices in the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Japan, and Brazil.
1 American Journal of Infection Control. 2000; 28: 340–346


text:
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|December 25, 1999, 05:55 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: December 8, 1999
Location: Lexington, KY,USA
Posts: 738
Christmas just getting started here. Visited two relatives on Christmas Eve and exchanged stuff. Now its Christmas Morning and more relatives are arriving. Santa has brought me two cowboy shirts,cowboy bookends,Uberti 73 Winchester Border Rifle,shotgun shells,Winchester 2000 calendar,Tactical Carbine Video Tape....Gotta go, more folks arriving.
|December 26, 1999, 04:07 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: October 9, 1998
Location: Ohio USA
Posts: 8,105
Marlin Cowboy II in .357/.38, it was an early present, but still close enough to qualify time wise. Winchester Trapper in .45LC, had to make sure it would work Ok, so a little pre-Christmas firing was just a test. 2 Boxes of .357Mag, I wanted .45LC Cowboy loads, but it seems that everybody was out of them. 1000 small pistol primers and 1000 large pistol primers. The other things were much better though, family and friends are the best gifts of all.
|December 26, 1999, 07:40 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: December 8, 1999
Location: Lexington, KY,USA
Posts: 738
I agree RAE, the best gift of all is the celebration of Christmas and family and friends brought together.
|December 27, 1999, 01:12 PM
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Join Date: November 22, 1999
Location: Eastern WA
Posts: 136
This year Santa didn'y bring me nothin' to do with Cowboy shootin. But...last year my ma hand stitched a cowboy shirt fer me. When I opened it she was real anxious fer me to try it on. When I did I found out why...she had gone and done hid a hunerd doller bill in each sleeve. Pertty dern nice ov her I figgured.
|December 30, 1999, 10:07 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: December 8, 1999
Location: Lexington, KY,USA
Posts: 738
That's a great Christmas story and gift. Here in Kentucky, finding authentic cowboy clothes is hard. Oh yeah, I can get on the internet and visit sites. But it is not the same as feeling and touching the geniune article. So, my sis-in-law found me a real nice cowboy era shirt to go with my outfit. That was real nice of her. She is scared of guns and disapproves of my CAS. So the shirt was a real nice jesture.
|December 30, 1999, 10:44 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: January 11, 1999
Location: Sierras de Cordoba - Argentina
Posts: 352
An Ashley Ghost Ring sight set for my Marlin 45/70 'Guide gun' - and (not cowboy) a Swarovski 6x42 scope for a 308 I'm customizing - from the missus, who found out what she gave me when I opened the package
(she got a set of classical music CD's from me in exchange, I discovered at the time) - but i guess the gift really was getting a very large extended family together - a rare event that were only just getting over.
Hasta pronto!
|December 30, 1999, 10:31 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: July 10, 1999
Posts: 170
Santa blessed us with the ability to provide for my son and daughter at least one more Christmas with the magic of Mr. Claus. I figure that next year my son who will be 9, will have finally figured out who is Santa and the magic will be a little less.
Nothing like the shiney eyes of children who wake you up with a "Daddy, do you think he came last nite", and then going down the hall with them as we discover the magic together and the wonderful gifts that Mr. Claus left in celebration of a wonderful little baby born so long ago.
God Bless you all and may you all have a shiney eye and the blessing of peace in the coming years. May the Lord bless you with children and family with whom you can celebrate the joys of life.
May you have children to pass down your knowledge and wisdom. May you teach your children to respect life, liberty and the persuit of happiness.
Judge Blackhawk
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Magazine Of Rail Transport Worldwide
Hors d'oeuvres - the latest, most interesting news
This part of our website has been prepared to extend our Railvolution news service. Its objective is to offer you snippets of the latest, most interesting news, accompanied by photos. On one hand this will let you to have a sneak preview of what the forthcoming number of Railvolution will contain. On the other, it will enable our editorial staff to provide you with information that is at their fingertips – and why waste exciting pieces of news while waiting until we have the printed version of the magazine ready for distribution? What is more, on the website pages we are in a position to publish photos for which there will be insufficient space in the printed magazine!
Please bear in mind that it is not our intention to 'digitalise' Railvolution! The printed magazine will still continue, with its full range of articles and news items. But we hope that you enjoy this new offering, and that it will stimulate your interest in our unique publication.
Last RegioShark Delivered
17 Jan 2014 08:42
A year and a half after beginning in September 2012, deliveries of ČD's LINK DMUs are now drawing to a close. Here we see the last train in the batch, 844.031, on 16 January 2014 at Česká Třebová, where RegioSharks arriving in the Czech Republic are commissioned. Also visible is driving trailer 80-30 014.
Tags: LINK RegioShark PESA ČD


text:
Feb. 15
1800 block of S. College
SPD Ptl. Eric Brown took a report from a woman who said someone got into her unlocked vehicle and stole her wallet. The wallet contained cash, a food stamp card, three social security cards and other business cards.
1800 block of S. Buerkle
SPD Ptl. Cody Eason took a report from a business owner who said someone tried to break into her business. There was damage to the door frame and door knob.
800 block of N. Grand
SPD Ptl. Kenneth Williams took a report from a woman who said she was in the process of moving. She told the officer that someone had broken into her home and scattered items throughout the residence. The woman did not report anything missing, but said most of the valuables had been moved.
Feb. 16
Intersection of S. Buerkle and W. 10th
SPD Ptl. George Bethell witnessed two men in the middle of the intersection arguing. They two said they were arguing over a racial issue. Both men appeared to be intoxicated and were placed under arrest for public intoxication.
Feb. 18
400 block of W. Seventh
SPD Ptl. Jeffery Bokker took a report from a woman who said she noticed someone had broken a window to her home. The woman said cash and jewelry was stolen.


text:
Independence residents light up the evening with a holiday glow.
The annual Holiday Lighting Contest sponsored by The Examiner and Independence Power and Light was won by Ed Montgomery of the 3300 block of Blue Ridge Boulevard. The judges commented on the elegant, tasteful approach, with candy canes, icicles and traditional themes.
Second place goes to Glendon Thomas of the 15100 block of East 40th Street, a display with an emphasis on trees and candy canes � plus shifting colors and patterns of light on the roof.
Michael Adams, who lives in the 1600 block of Belvidere, took third. He said the display, with Santa, Frosty, a penguin and a U.S. flag among other items, took a couple of weeks to get set up.
�I think this is about the tenth year I�ve done it,� he said.
His efforts have encouraged other neighbors to get into the act, too.
�We have quite a few,� he said.


text:
Taipei: Taiwanese investigators Tuesday said pilots of an Apache helicopter were to blame for a crash in which the US-made attack chopper careered into an apartment block earlier this year.
The crash took place barely six months after a fleet of the US-made attack helicopters were delivered to the army.
The AH-64E chopper hurtled into the roof of a civilian building near its base in the northern Lungtan township during a training mission in April, slightly injuring the two pilots.
Debris was scattered across the street below but remarkably no civilians were hurt.
A military investigation on Tuesday ruled out mechanical failure and said the likely cause was "human error".
"The investigation report shows that the primary causes of the accident were the combination factors of human errors and environment", Major General Huang Kuo-ming told reporters.
Huang said the pilots were caught unprepared by fast descending clouds while flying at a low altitude, but added that the duo should have checked the flight panels to maintain adequate height.
During their investigation the military consulted with local flight safety experts and sent maintenance and flight records as well as cockpit voice recordings of the ill-fated aircraft to the United States for analysis.
Huang said the Apaches, which were grounded for safety checks following the crash-landing, have now resumed flights, but he added that the army has stepped up simulator training for pilots.
Taiwan took delivery of its first six AH-64E Apaches in November as it modernises its military despite warming ties with China.
It temporarily grounded the choppers from December to February for checks after Washington warned the model could malfunction.
The Taiwanese army is the first force outside the US to use the Apache AH-64E, the latest variant of what is described as the world`s most powerful attack helicopter. South Korea has also placed an order for a fleet of AH-64Es.
Taiwan has so far received 18 of the 30 helicopters it ordered and the rest will be delivered by the end of 2014. The order was part of a $6.5 billion arms deal unveiled in 2008 that irked Beijing.
Taiwan and China split in 1949 after a civil war. However, Beijing still regards the island as part of its territory awaiting reunification, by force if necessary.


text:
1 1/2" Chinese Cloisonné Celestial Health Balls. Each set comes beautiful gift box. Box colors vary between blue/purple, green or red. Requests welcome but NOT guaranteed.
"Originally these balls were simple, solid cylindrical. Later craftsmen began designing hollow balls and inserting sounding plates that produce high and low tones when used. These lighter balls are easier to handle and the musical tones contribute to the relaxation process that results from exercising with them.
According to traditional Chinese medical theory Jingluo (this term refers to various channels in the human body through which vital energy travels and where important acupuncture points are located), a person's fingers are connected by a variety of channels to vital organs of the human body, including the brain, heart, etc. When used, the balls massage the acupuncture points in one's hands, contributing to smoother blood circulation, improved muscle tone, stronger bones, clearer thinking thinking, and a relief of fatigue and worry which will lead to a prolonged and healthier life."


text:
Friday, March 29, 2013
The Pickle Jar Test of Manhood
A proud but albeit sad moment occurred in my house this past week. I say proud because my son has taken yet another step on his path to becoming a man. Sad because it yet again signifies that my wife thinks I'm a wuss.
I am of course talking about "The Pickle Jar Test of Manhood." Most families are familiar with this test even though they might not even know it. Not that long ago, when my wife would have troubles opening a stubborn pickle jar, it was me that she would come to solve her problems. She would hand me the container of sweet baby dills and watch me work my magic.
I think she liked to watch my sinewy biceps ripple as I began my struggle with the stubborn lid. As the sweat dripped from my brow, I could feel her wanton gaze upon me. If it was a lingering battle, and I would have to re-position my vice-like grip on my metal and glass opponent, she would sometimes offer me a damp rag to lessen any chance of me getting a nasty blister. In the end, I would usually tap it on the edge of the counter and maybe run it under some hot and/or cold water. If all that failed, I would point out the high salt content in pickles and that we were probably better off not eating them. Women like it when you have brains along with your brawn.
There are several benchmarks that fathers keep track of when it comes to their sons growing up. There's that first time when you're out in the yard playing catch and your son throws the ball hard enough to make your hand hurt. Or that first time he throws a curve or a knuckleball that actually moves and ends up missing your glove and hitting old dad in a place that might make the son an only child. I've never been prouder than looking up at my boy from our crab-grass-filled lawn and asking him through salty tears and a falsetto voice if he could please go in the house and get daddy some ice. Lots of ice. Ah, good times.
There's also that first time that he legitimately beats you playing one-on-one basketball out in the driveway. It fills my heart with pride when I think back to that day and that smile that lit up his little face. It fills my heart with more pride when I remember that hard foul I gave him the next time he tried to take the basket to the hole. The kid's gotta learn sometime.
And then there's that time when he first beat you like a cheap drum in Madden Football on his Playstation. I've never played since. Not once. Never.
The other day, as I was sitting in my wife's chair (the boy was sitting in mine) my wife had an encounter with one of those stubborn pickle jars. As she strode into the living room with trouble-making container, I started limbering up with my pre-jar-opening stretching ritual. (You don't want to attempt these maneuvers with cold muscles. You might pull a hammy.)
Imagine my surprise when, instead of coming to her jar-opening hero of nearly 22 years, she goes to her 19-year-old son with the painful curveball. I could have used some more ice.
Apparently, pickle companies have decreased the amount of pressure that they put on their lids with nowadays (it's probably due to the economy). I say that because within mere seconds, the smell of kosher dills cascaded across the room to my ego-deflated nostrils from that jar. Not only did he open it, but he did it from my chair. My chair! The little show-off.
I now plan on living out the rest of my days in relative seclusion, eating most of my food from zip-lock baggies and easy-opening boxes. Pickles may never pass these lips again. Sniff.
Luckily, I have a 7-year-old daughter that still thinks her old dad can do some pretty cool stuff. I do all sorts of strong-looking things around her, and I can tell that she's truly impressed. On that inevitable day when she asks me about her brother and the great Pickle Jar Manhood Test of 2013, I'll look down into her big eyes and tell her how proud I am of both of my children.
And that will also be a good time to tell her that although it may seem like a good idea at the time, using steroids are bad.
If you get a chance, please check out some of the other stuff I've got going:
"Nothing is not Something" on GO Comics.
"Nothing is not Something" on Facebook.
"Nothing is not Something" on Twitter.
Greg Wallace Ink on Facebook
Greg Wallace Ink on Twitter.
Sawdust & Paint on Facebook.
1 comment:
How "us womenfolk" open jars when there are no big strong guys around to do it for us: Hold the jar upside down with the lid absolutely horizontal. Rap it smartly on a hard floor (ceramic kitchen tile is good for this). Open. One tap usually does it, two definitely will. But make sure the lid is absolutely flat-horizontal so you don't risk breaking the jar.ReplyDelete
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Moleskine introduces Print on Demand with the launch of www.moleskinephotobooks.com that enables you to create and print your own Photo Book or Photo Album with classic Moleskine features including Moleskine cover, rounded corners, ivory colored acid-free FSC paper, elastic closure, and expandable pocket.
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The Moleskine range is available in three formats – Photo Books, Photo Books plus (a premium photo book range) and Photo Albums (with linen fabric presentation box) – in four sizes and multiple page extents from 20 to 200 pages.
Shipping commences on 1 November 2012. Go to www.moleskinephotobooks.com to pre-purchase and start creating your own classic Moleskine Photo Book or Photo Album.
Purchase or pre-purchase and complete your Moleskine Photo Book or Album by 30 November and you will receive a free special edition Moleskine notebook (large), value US$17.95. One notebook per order will be shipped with your completed book/s.


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Featured News - Current News - Archived News - News Categories
In an effort to protect the lives of consumers and firefighters, Assemblyman John Ceretto is pleased to announce his co-sponsored bill (A.1041) preventing retailers from selling electrical products with fraudulent Underwriter's Laboratory (UL) labels passed the Assembly on Wednesday. The bill was referred to the Senate committee on consumer protection. Ceretto noted this bill comes with the strong support of Niagara Falls firefighters and said he believes this bill will better protect families and firefighters from electrical fires.
"Families should not have to worry about fraudulent labels on electrical products when they buy the household items that they use on a daily basis," Ceretto said. "The potential loss of life to consumers and firefighters as a result of fraudulent labels is unacceptable. My bill will protect our communities from electrical fires due to faulty and fraudulent equipment. I am pleased this legislation passed today and hope to see it swiftly passed in the Senate."
If enacted, this legislation would require any retail merchant selling an electrical product with a fraudulent UL label pay a fine of up to $100. They would also have to complete an online training session designed to teach retailers how to identify fraudulent UL labels to avoid selling them in the future. Repeat violators are subject to fines of up to $500.


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At its recent Professional Developers Conference (PDC) in Redmond, Microsoft reaffirmed its commitment to SQL Azure, the new cloud-based version of SQL Server, by announcing several important enhancements for SQL Azure. Microsoft is serious about addressing customers' needs with the SQL Azure platform and bringing it more on par with the capabilities of an on-premises SQL Server installation. Four of the most important recent announcements for SQL Azure follow:
4. Database Backup
Announced before PDC as a part of SQL Azure Service Update 4, the ability to back up SQL Azure databases has been added to SQL Azure. I'm not really sure what Microsoft was thinking when it released the earlier versions without the ability to perform backups—perhaps that SQL Azure's built-in availability abrogated the need to perform backups.
However, it overlooked the need to provide protection for end-user error. Backing up with bcp or SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) wasn't a suitable replacement for database backup.
With SQL Azure Service Update 4, you can use the new copy feature to make SQL Azure-based database backups. Being copies of the database, they do count toward the SQL Azure limit of 150 databases. SQL Azure database backup is available for SQL Azure now. Learn more about it at Microsoft's MSDN site.
3. Database Manager for SQL Azure
In the past, managing SQL Azure databases was more difficult than managing on-premises systems, mainly because of the lack of management tools. As part of SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server Management Studio was modified to be able to connect to SQL Azure. You can find the free SQL Azure compatible version of SQL Server 2008 R2 Management Studio Express at Microsoft's download site.
However, this still means using an on-premises tool to manage your database cloud. Database Manager for SQL Azure is a free web-based management tool that can be used to create schema and run queries against SQL Azure databases. Watch a video demo at MSDN's blog about SQL Azure.
2. SQL Azure Data Sync
Tacitly acknowledging that SQL Azure will need to work in conjunction with one or more on-premises SQL Server systems, Microsoft announced the SQL Azure Data Sync feature. SQL Azure Data Sync is a cloud-based data synchronization service that's built using the Microsoft Sync Framework. It will be able to synchronize data between on-premises SQL Server systems and SQL Azure in the cloud.
It can also replicate data to remote offices, and it will support scheduled synchronization and conflict handling for duplicate data. A second SQL Azure Data Sync CTP should appear by the end of 2010, and the service is expected in the first half of 2011.
Learn more about SQL Azure Data Sync and download the first CTP at Microsoft's SQL Azure site.
1. SQL Azure Reporting
Without a doubt, the most important new announcement at PDC was support for SQL Azure Reporting Services. Reporting Services is one of the most important features of an on-premises SQL Server installation, and it was definitely needed to drive adoption of SQL Azure.
With SQL Azure Reporting Services, reports can be created using BIDs, published to SQL Azure, and managed using the cloud-based Windows Azure Developer Portal. SQL Azure Reporting is expected to be available in a CTP by the end of 2010 and will be generally available in the first half of 2011.
See the video demoing the new service at the Microsoft website.
Related Reading:
3 Month Free Trial of SQL Azure, by Michael Otey
Azure: Data Mining in the Cloud, by Derek Comingore
Considering SQL Azure, by Caroline Marwitz


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According to CSN New England's Sean McAdam, the Red Sox have hired John Farrell to be their next manager.
Compensation for Toronto will be announced in the next couple of days. Farrell has already agreed to a three-year contract with the Red Sox, for whom he served as a pitching coach from 2007-2010. It's a reunion of sorts, though it'd be a shame if it turns out to be a costly one. The Blue Jays likely demanded a legitimate return.
WEEI's Rob Bradford reports that Mike Aviles is headed to the Blue Jays in exchange for manager John Farrell.
The Red Sox will get a player or cash along with their new skipper, who has already agreed to a three-year contract. Aviles, 31, batted .250/.282/.381 with 13 home runs, 14 stolen bases and 60 RBI in 136 games this past season for the Red Sox. It's a decent get for Toronto, all things considered. Farrell was 154-170 with the Jays.
Mike Aviles?!
I guess I shouldn't be surprised. a manager with only 1 year left on his contract, but I thought there was talk about getting prospects. Mike Aviles. utility infielder.
EDIT: David Carpenter headed to Red Sox.


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Morgan spot on as Minstermen pay penalty
Wycombe striker Dean Morgan netted two first-half penalties as the Chairboys brushed aside York 4-0 to extend their winning streak to three and unbeaten run to five.
Morgan scored his first spot kick in the third minute after being fouled by Scott Kerr before repeating the trick on the stroke of half-time when Jamal Fyfield barged over Joel Grant.
Wycombe didn't let up and netted a third through Grant just before the hour while Dave Winfield completed the rout 10 minutes from time.
Morgan dispossessed Kerr on the edge of the area early on and drew a foul from the backtracking midfielder before burying the penalty into Michael Ingham's left corner.
The 29-year-old fired his second into the middle of the net after Fyfield floored Grant, who was to score a superb solo effort after the break.
Grant passed the ball around outstretched York keeper Ingham at the far post following a piercing run that started on the right wing.
York striker Jason Walker then volleyed over from six yards before Winfield headed a fourth high into the middle of the goal from Josh Scowen's 78th-minute corner.
Source: PA
Source: PA


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Very seldom and rare is the politician who has had to make payroll, pay utilities on his own office, or worry about his staff's insurance, etc. Oh sure, they see that these things get done, but the building they work in is not their own — if a water leak develops, they just call maintenance.
Our politicians have rarely held a job that didn't draw their budget from the taxpayer. Politicians rarely have to worry about their enterprise bringing in enough for the week's or month's payroll.
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It is possible that the main title of the report Porphyria, Hereditary Coproporphyria is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report.
Hereditary Coproporphyria is an autosomal dominant form of hepatic porphyria that is very similar to Acute Intermittent Porphyria, although it is usually a less severe disease. It is caused by an enzyme deficiency. Some patients develop skin photosensitivity, and must avoid sunlight. The diagnosis is established by finding excess coproporphyrin in urine and stool (other types of porphyrins show little or no increase). Urinary ALA and PBG are increased during acute attacks, but may become normal on recovery.
The Porphyrias are a group of at least seven disorders. The common feature in all porphyrias is the excess accumulation in the body of "porphyrins" or "porphyrin precursors." These are natural chemicals that normally do not accumulate in the body. Precisely which one of these porphyrin chemicals builds up depends upon the type of porphyria that a patient has.
Porphyrias can also be classified into two groups: the "hepatic" and "erythropoietic" types. Porphyrins and related substances originate in excess amounts from the liver in the hepatic types, and mostly from the bone marrow in the erythropoietic types.
The porphyrias with skin manifestations are sometimes called "cutaneous porphyrias". The "acute porphyrias" are characterized by sudden attacks of pain and other neurological manifestations. These acute symptoms can be both rapidly-appearing and severe. An individual may be considered in a "latent" condition if he or she has the characteristic enzyme deficiency, but has never developed symptoms. There can be a wide spectrum of severity between the "latent" and "active" cases of any particular type of this disorder. The symptoms and treatments of the different types of porphyrias are not the same.
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This is an abstract of a report from the National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. ® (NORD). A copy of the complete report can be obtained for a small fee by visiting the NORD website. The complete report contains additional information including symptoms, causes, affected population, related disorders, standard and investigational treatments (if available), and references from medical literature. For a full-text version of this topic, see http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdblist.html
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This disease entry is based upon medical information available through the date at the end of the topic. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current information about this disorder.
For additional information and assistance about rare disorders, please contact the National Organization for Rare Disorders at P.O. Box 1968, Danbury, CT 06813-1968; phone (203) 744-0100; web site www.rarediseases.org or email email@example.com
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text: Mine does the same stuff. It's ridiculous. I feel like I need a third arm to wrangle him in. If it gets really bad, I tuck his bottom arm securely either between his body & mine or up behind my cradle arm so he can't pinch me, and hook my other arm up under his top leg & using that same hand to grab the wandering hand. I don't have a lot of advice to offer ... just wanted to say you're not alone!


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Building the tea caddy from the June 2011 issue of Popular Woodworking Magazine is anything but traditional. I looked for alternative methods for much of the work including the fan inlay at each corner. My thoughts were to come at this project without the use of special tools, so the inlay areas are cut using a drill press and the fan pieces themselves are made up of wedges cut at a table saw. A carving chisel that matched the radius of the inlay areas would make the task easy, but there are ways to trim the fans using a straight chisel. Below is a short video that demonstrates the process for simple fan inlay.
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Saturday, January 8, 2011
Spoon roast
Spoon roast is a top sirloin roast, or top butt. Apparently it is so tender you could eat it with a spoon, which sounds about right.
Spoon roast, the easiest way possible
Another customer told me how to cook this roast in this way while I was buying ours, so I didn't invent this, just passing it on.
1 spoon roast, make sure you know how much it weighs
salt and pepper
Preheat your oven to 500, and rub your meat all over with salt and pepper. Cook the meat for 5 minutes a pound for rare, 6-8 for medium rare. Turn off the oven, set a timer for 2 hours, and go do something else. After two hours, take your meat out, slice it, and it's done. Magic!
However! If you have a gas oven that's full of holes and spaces for hot air to get out, you may need to cook your meat for another 15-20 minutes at 400 to get it to not be as rare as you'd like.
7 comments:
- Anonymous4:04 PM
The roast came out a perfect medium rare. The additional instructions for a gas oven were extremely helpful. I have tried a number of methods to cook a Spoon Roast and this is the only one I will use from now on. When you cook it this way it truly is the "Poor Man's Prime Rib", maybe better!ReplyDelete
- Anonymous9:42 AM
I tried this with a 2.7 pound spoon roast in my electric oven. I cooked it at 500 degrees for 19 minutes, and then turned the oven off and let it cook for 2 hours. When I took it out, it was darker on the outside but not crispy, and the inside was well done. I had expected it to be medium rare.ReplyDeleteReplies
- Anonymous8:34 PM
I was skeptical about these directions...but my spoon roast came out perfect! My husband loved this! It was tasty, beefy and cooked perfectly medium rare. I will definately make this again...I just copied these direction for future meals! Super delicious and EASY! Thank you.ReplyDelete


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Wayne State University wins 2010 Campus Technology Innovators award
DETROIT — On July 19, administrators from Wayne State University's Computing & Information Technology (C&IT) office and the Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR) will be recognized at the Campus Technology 2010 conference hosted by Campus Technology magazine. Wayne State is one of 11 Campus Technology Innovators award winners, chosen from nearly 500 entries.
Wayne State was selected for its development of the Researcher's Dashboard, a Web-based custom software application that seamlessly and intuitively integrates multiple applications, allowing researchers and grant administrators an improved way of monitoring and managing proposals and grants they are assigned to, ultimately providing them with more accurate information in real time.
"Research in higher education is very competitive," said Hilary Ratner, WSU's vice president for research. "Faculty engaged in research often spend much time managing and administering the business aspect of their grants, losing valuable time in their labs. Through the development of the Researcher's Dashboard, we are connecting various systems through one portal, giving our research community easy access to grant information, reducing administrative burden and providing more time to conduct research."
The Researcher's Dashboard integrates a number of technologies, including Coeus, a comprehensive electronic research administration system that enables researchers to monitor and track the development of their proposal as well as monitor their funded grants. In addition, three SunGard Banner systems – Banner Unified Digital Campus, Banner Document Management Suite and Banner Operational Data Store – are integrated, providing researchers and administrators real-time access to grant finance and personnel data, as well as easy access for viewing paper documents and compiling and preparing timely reports associated with their research.
"With the pervasive use of complex enterprise technology in nearly every aspect of our professional lives, it is imperative for forward-thinking organizations to develop intuitive and elegant technology solutions to simplify processes and drive real 21st century efficiencies," said Joseph F. Sawasky, WSU's chief information officer and associate vice president for C&IT. "To reach these goals, it is essential to take a collaborative approach and establish true campus partnerships where customers, administrators and technologists work together to understand needs and develop innovative solutions. Without the collaborative efforts between OVPR, academic units, faculty and C&IT, this strategic software solution and the award itself would not have been possible."
Wayne State University officials are hoping to make the WSU-developed Researcher's Dashboard available to other research universities to help them innovate and advance the efficiency of research administration processes. The university is exploring a community source/open source deployment of the Researcher's Dashboard with SunGard Higher Education.
To learn more about the Researcher's Dashboard, visit http://thelink.computing.wayne.edu/researchers-dashboard.php
# # #
Wayne State University is one of the nation's pre-eminent public research universities in an urban setting. Through its multidisciplinary approach to research and education, and its ongoing collaboration with government, industry and other institutions, the university seeks to enhance economic growth and improve the quality of life in the city of Detroit, state of Michigan and throughout the world. For more information about research at Wayne State University, visit http://www.research.wayne.edu.


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|November 14, 2012, 07:56 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: April 4, 2012
Location: South Jersey
Posts: 2,171
Dominant eye and scopes
Went to check rifles before season on Sunday. One of my buddies is shooting all over the paper with no consistency. I pick up his rifle and group about 1-1/2 3 shots. Another guy does the same.
The guy with the problem is LH and shooting a LH 700. After a little research we found he is right eye dominant but LH shooting a LH gun. How do we get him on target? Does the eye dominance play a big role with a scope?
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Your tactics suck"- Unknown
|November 14, 2012, 08:04 AM
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Join Date: September 19, 2008
Posts: 4,678
Eye dominence rules, no matter what the sighting system.
He needs to either close his dominant eye or learn to shoot right-handed.(or take an expensive 3rd option)
FWIW, my right-handed Son was leaning over the comb of rifles to sight @ 9 y.o. - which is when I found out he was left eye dominant. ( I did a sighting test on the spot)
Since he was young, it was a fairly short process to switch him over to shooting left-handed, although he does everything else right-handed.
I have no doubt the process would be a lot longer/harder for an adult set in their ways.
Then, and now (37 years later), he prefers ambidextrous guns - leverguns & semi-autos - to boltguns, for convenience of operation.
Jes' sayin'
BTW - The above mentioned 3rd option would be to either mount the scope offset waaaay to the right of the action C/L to align with his right eye (ugly), of get the stock bent (just as ugly) .......
Last edited by PetahW; November 14, 2012 at 08:10 AM.
|November 14, 2012, 08:08 AM
Senior Member
Join Date: June 15, 2008
Location: Georgia
Posts: 9,186
My brother used to have the same issues, except he found he was left eye dominant and trying to shoot right handed. It took a little time and effort to learn how to shoot left handed, but once he mastered it he became a much better shot. Much better than any attempts to work with the wrong eye.
|November 14, 2012, 08:27 AM
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Join Date: June 25, 2008
Location: Austin, CO
Posts: 19,339
Have him close the other eye. I've never understood why people don't. I shoot right handed and am severely left eye dominant. I always shoot with my left eye closed, except for open sight handguns, when I use my left eye instead of right. Anyway, there no reason not to close the opposite eye when shooting. If he IS closing the other eye, he just can't shoot. Dominance is irrelevant if one eye is closed.
|November 14, 2012, 02:00 PM
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Join Date: June 15, 2008
Location: Georgia
Posts: 9,186
Have to disagree with you Brian. It is possible to "get by" with a scope sighted rifle by closing one eye, but you are working with a handicap. If you also shoot a shotgun you are working with a severe handicap trying to shoot with your dominate eye closed. You are cutting your field of view in half with one eye closed making it harder to pick up a target. With only 1 eye open you severely limit depth perception making it harder to judge the distance, speed and angle a target or bird is coming from.
These are less of a concern with a scope sighted rifle, but can be a factor in certain situations. To be succssful with a shotgun you really need to be shooting with both eyes open and with the gun mounted on the same side as your dominate eye. No reason to shoot a shotgun from one side and a rifle from the other.
We went through this with my brother, it took some time, but after he mastered shooting lefty his accuracy improved dramatically.
|November 14, 2012, 03:18 PM
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Location: central Ohio
Posts: 135
If you are using a scope to shoot then you should be able to hit the target unless you are closing both eyes. If he is shooting a 300 Win. Mag and waiting for the little scope guy to come out and hit him in the head then it is hard to hold steady.
|November 14, 2012, 03:28 PM
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Join Date: June 25, 2008
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When I shot skeet, I took a class in college believe it or not, I tried both shooting left and right handed with both eyes open and also my normal style, right-handed, left-eye closed.
After about 4 weeks with never hitting more than 8, I went to my normal style. 2 weeks later I was in the high teens and by our last week, which was only 3 or 4 weeks later, I hit 21. No one else in the class hit more than 19 at any time.
Maybe I defy convention, since my cross-dominance is very severe. My brain almost completely ignores my right eye unless my left eye is closed. I don't know, but I do know it works for me.
Nobody plans to screw up their lives...
...they just don't plan not to.
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|November 14, 2012, 03:54 PM
Junior Member
Join Date: April 12, 2012
Location: JOCO NC
Posts: 6
Dominant eye rules
My father (a photographer of 30yrs) taught me to shoot and I always knew he was right handed but shot left. I asked him why and he told me it was because he was left eye dominant; but a righty. I'd never noticed when he took pictures because he was facing me but he also uses his left eye to look through the camera. Dominant eye makes the decision. You can teach him to shoot left handed but his dominant will never change. If he insists on continuing to shoot right handed get him an eye patch. Your cheapest solution.
Best of luck!
|November 14, 2012, 04:06 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: November 12, 2006
Location: Pennsy
Posts: 714
For a hunting type shooting situation closing the dominant eye would be a good choice if shooting from the 'other side' is not an option. Since only one shot or two will be fired. But if shots will be taken on a regular basis,such as sighting in, it is better to keep both eyes open and block the vision of the dominant eye. A card taped to the scope or flip down blinder on glasses.
Holding the eye closed causes facial muscles to fatigue and done for an extended period of time can effect the aiming eye.
Experienced competitive shooters routinely some sort of blinder but as said earlier they are firing multiple shots and over an extended time frame. For the OP have your buddy try closing the dominant eye.
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|November 14, 2012, 08:30 PM
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I'm strongly right-eye dominant. I've shot from the left shoulder, using my left eye to look through the scope. I merely closed my right eye and all was well. The overall deal felt weird from my usual right-handed shooting, but vision was not any problem.
You're from BATFE? Come right in! I use all your fine products!
|November 14, 2012, 08:47 PM
Senior Member
Join Date: January 2, 2009
Location: Northern Virginia
Posts: 653
I too am left eye dominant and shoot right handed, mainly because my right hand is much better controlling the trigger.
My left eye is also my better eye and I use monovision contacts so my brain is trained to use my left eye for almost everything except reading and close work.
Once I get behind a scope and close my left eye, I my right eye takes over and I hit what I aim at, at least for anything I can see.
If I kept my left eye open, I wouldn't be using the scope because my left eye would have been given control by my brain.
Like Brian, I close my left eye to use a scope.
It may be a handicap, but I don't seem to notice it.
I shoot as well or better than the rest of my buddies who are all competent shooters.
Also like Brian, I use my dominant left eye with open sighted hand guns.
|November 15, 2012, 03:42 AM
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Join Date: October 9, 2009
Location: North Alabama
Posts: 6,467
binocular vision
Isn't the ideal to have both eyes open when shooting?
Bamaboy is cross eye dominant, so was his grandad. We never got my Dad figured out 'till late in life........he missed a bunch of game.
Much like PetaW, I caught bamaboy squinting down the barrel of a toy gun with his "off" eye at about age 6. We swithched shoulders right then and now he shoots off his left shoulder with both eyes open. (pretty darn well I might add).
With a handgun, he shoots right handed, but when he presents the pistol, it is skewed slightly to his left, as he brings the gun into alignment with his dominanant (left) eye.
Learning from a young age, running the rifle from his "off" shoulder is not a big deal. I would not want to do that as an adult.
|November 15, 2012, 09:39 AM
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+1 for Brian Pfleuger's response. I am left eye dominate and shoot right handed. I learned early I have to close my left eye no matter what type weapon I'm shooting and I'm able to keep pace with most of my friends at the range and in the field.
|November 15, 2012, 11:14 AM
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He needs to learn to use his dominant eye, and shoot right handed.
I am a typically right handed person that shoots left handed because I am left eye dominant. I shoot very small groups.
Suggest that he practice shooting a rimfire right handed. If he is right eye dominant, he will probably pick it up pretty quickly. Trigger control requires more focus than physical dexterity.
He needs to develop good trigger control with his right hand and use his right eye. I don't know what he is shooting but if your going to learn to use the other hand and eye, a rimfire is much better for developing good habits.
|November 15, 2012, 11:35 AM
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For me, "both eyes open" works okay with iron sights. I guess I've always closed my left eye when using a scope. YMMV.
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|November 15, 2012, 04:36 PM
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I am also left eye dominant and do everything right handed. As a kid I never knew any other way to shoot but to close one eye (left one) and aim through sights or scope. When I shot on the college rifle team I had to put a blinder over my left eye to make it through a match. Closing one eye for that length of time would make the other eye go funky. As it was the blinder would leave me with a headache after every match. Shotguns I shoot right handed pretty well, handguns arewhere my biggest challenge is I have to really concentrate on them as closing one eye doesn't work as well.
|November 15, 2012, 09:20 PM
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I know I'm different. I can't close my left eye without closing my right eye. I'm right handed, semi-ambidexterous, and shoot long arms left handed. I can shoot handguns right or left by sighting with my left eye. I cannot even get a sight picture through a scope with my right eye.
|November 17, 2012, 01:41 PM
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No disagreement here that you need to sight with the dominant eye.
But it's better to develop the habit of not closing your non-dominant eye.
It eliminates peripheral vision. Might not be a big handicap when the target is steel or paper, but if you're in a gunfight, you'd better be aware of what's happening around you.
Bad habit to get into. Learn to shoot with both eyes open.
|November 17, 2012, 03:19 PM
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In the old days gunsmiths made you an offset stock. Think of a dog-leg bend.
You shouldered the stock in the left but because of its bend, you sighted with the right eye.
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|November 17, 2012, 04:15 PM
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the TS guy should switch sides, and shot from the right shoulder.
if he isn't very set in his way the switch won't be a big deal, we lefthanders are way better in general working with our off-hand. and the used and new gun market is much bigger for him as a right shoulder guy.
I "suffer" from being both left handed and left eye dominant, and shot rh guns for years but from my left shoulder, got my first lh gun this year and love it.
|November 17, 2012, 04:16 PM
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oh and re Brian: I am the opposite, I finally got my numbers up and consistantly when I keep both eyes open when trap shooting
it is finally starting to drift over to my rifle shooting to. when doing driven game I would say you MUST keep both eyes open to not limit your field of view. that kind of fast shooting is more like shotgun shoting then sniping
|November 18, 2012, 04:56 PM
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There is no reason to use both eyes when using a scope. Why not shoot the gun on the shoulder you use best regardless of it being a right or left handed rifle?
|November 18, 2012, 05:05 PM
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So, you think a left-handed shooter can run the bolt on a right-hand action off his left shoulder?
The reasons for shooting both eyes open- pistol or rifle, scoped or irons, was mentioned above and is widely accepted as "best practice".
|November 18, 2012, 05:43 PM
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I am left handed, but right eyed. I basically have 2 good trigger fingers. That aside, I grew up in a right hand world so I made everything from right handed school desks, to right handed pistol gripped guns work.
|November 18, 2012, 07:41 PM
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