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The Ford Crown Victoria was first introduced as a luxury trim package on Ford LTD's in 1981. It became it's own model in 1983 and became very popular with Senior Citizens, Police, Taxi companies, and other fleet use. The boxy body style is probably the best ever, and was made until 1991. In 1992 an all new Crown Victoria was offered, which featured round aero styling. It was rounded out even more in 1998 (it's last restyle), and by the 2000's the full size RWD sedan had completly fallen out of favor. Majority of sales were for fleet and police use, and the Crown Victoria was discontinued in 2011.
Ford's making a huge mistake discontinuing the Ford Crown Victoria. Cabbies and Police need a large car like that.
by Metalhead83 December 04, 2011
buy the domain for your cat blog


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Make and prove a conjecture about the cyclic quadrilateral inscribed in a circle of radius r that has the maximum perimeter and the maximum area.
To avoid losing think of another very well known game where the patterns of play are similar.
Start with any number of counters in any number of piles. 2 players take it in turns to remove any number of counters from a single pile. The winner is the player to take the last counter.
This is an interactivity in which you have to sort into the correct order the steps in the proof of the formula for the sum of a geometric series.
The aim of the game is to slide the green square from the top right hand corner to the bottom left hand corner in the least number of moves.
Can you discover whether this is a fair game?
Re-arrange the pieces of the puzzle to form a rectangle and then to form an equilateral triangle. Calculate the angles and lengths.
Prove Pythagoras' Theorem using enlargements and scale factors.
A right-angled isosceles triangle is rotated about the centre point of a square. What can you say about the area of the part of the square covered by the triangle as it rotates?
This is an interactivity in which you have to sort the steps in the completion of the square into the correct order to prove the formula for the solutions of quadratic equations.
Can you work through these direct proofs, using our interactive proof sorters?
How good are you at finding the formula for a number pattern ?
Show that for any triangle it is always possible to construct 3 touching circles with centres at the vertices. Is it possible to construct touching circles centred at the vertices of any polygon?
The opposite vertices of a square have coordinates (a,b) and (c,d). What are the coordinates of the other vertices?
If you continue the pattern, can you predict what each of the following areas will be? Try to explain your prediction.
An environment that simulates a protractor carrying a right- angled triangle of unit hypotenuse.
With red and blue beads on a circular wire; 'put a red bead between any two of the same colour and a blue between different colours then remove the original beads'. Keep repeating this. What happens?
Use this interactivity to sort out the steps of the proof of the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series. The 'thermometer' will tell you how you are doing
Try this interactivity to familiarise yourself with the proof that the square root of 2 is irrational. Sort the steps of the proof into the correct order.
Six circles around a central circle make a flower. Watch the flower as you change the radii in this circle packing. Prove that with the given ratios of the radii the petals touch and fit perfectly.
Place a red counter in the top left corner of a 4x4 array, which is covered by 14 other smaller counters, leaving a gap in the bottom right hand corner (HOME). What is the smallest number of moves. . . .
A spherical balloon lies inside a wire frame. How much do you need to deflate it to remove it from the frame if it remains a sphere?
There are thirteen axes of rotational symmetry of a unit cube. Describe them all. What is the average length of the parts of the axes of symmetry which lie inside the cube?
A group of interactive resources to support work on percentages Key Stage 4.
Use Excel to investigate the effect of translations around a number grid.
Use Excel to explore multiplication of fractions.
Charlie likes tablecloths that use as many colours as possible, but insists that his tablecloths have some symmetry. Can you work out how many colours he needs for different tablecloth designs?
An Excel spreadsheet with an investigation.
Can you put the 25 coloured tiles into the 5 x 5 square so that no column, no row and no diagonal line have tiles of the same colour in them?
A java applet that takes you through the steps needed to solve a Diophantine equation of the form Px+Qy=1 using Euclid's algorithm.
This set of resources for teachers offers interactive environments to support work on graphical interpretation at Key Stage 4.
A counter is placed in the bottom right hand corner of a grid. You toss a coin and move the star according to the following rules: ... What is the probability that you end up in the top left-hand. . . .
Players take it in turns to choose a dot on the grid. The winner is the first to have four dots that can be joined to form a square.
Can you beat the computer in the challenging strategy game?
This game challenges you to locate hidden triangles in The White Box by firing rays and observing where the rays exit the Box.
A tool for generating random integers.
A collection of our favourite pictorial problems, one for each day of Advent.
A weekly challenge concerning prime numbers.
Play a more cerebral countdown using complex numbers.
A simple spinner that is equally likely to land on Red or Black. Useful if tossing a coin, dropping it, and rummaging about on the floor have lost their appeal. Needs a modern browser; if IE then at. . . .
Play countdown with matrices
Here is a chance to play a fractions version of the classic Countdown Game.
Cellular is an animation that helps you make geometric sequences composed of square cells.
This set of resources for teachers offers interactive environments to support work on loci at Key Stage 4.
Match the cards of the same value.
A metal puzzle which led to some mathematical questions.
Can you locate these values on this interactive logarithmic scale?
Use an Excel to investigate division. Explore the relationships between the process elements using an interactive spreadsheet.
Practise your skills of proportional reasoning with this interactive haemocytometer.
Use Excel to practise adding and subtracting fractions.

subset: commoncrawl


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Accessories at The Wedding Shop is a sister company to Chanticleer and The Wedding Shop at Chanticleer who design, manufacture and retail beautiful silk bridal gowns in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. All the goods listed on our web site are available to buy from our Boutique in Regent Street during normal trading hours where our experienced sales staff will be on hand to assist you with your requirements.
We hope you have all the information you require to place your order on line with us but if you need any further help or are unable to find exactly what you are looking for do please contact us:
Our on-line shop address is:
Accessories at The Wedding Shop (Chanticleer)
Our retail shop address is:
The Wedding Shop at Chanticleer
To book an appointment to try on wedding gowns:
Telephone: 01242 226502
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


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A viral photo posted to Instagram and Facebook details how one mother said she was shocked to find her 3-year-old daughter suffering from heat stroke when she tried to wake Anastasia up from a nap.
"This was the scariest moment I've had to imagine. This is severe heat stroke. There is nothing scarier than not being able to wake your baby up," Jennifer Amba said on Instagram.
Amba said the photo is proof that a child doesn't have to be in the sun to get heat stroke.
She and her daughters reportedly live in a town in northwestern Canada that does not usually see temperatures higher than 80 degrees, so Amba often leaves a window open with the air conditioning off.
THIS was my evening, this was the scariest moment I've had to imagine, THIS is severe heatstroke. There is nothing scarier than not being able to wake your baby up. THIS is clear proof a child doesn't need to be in the sun to get heat stroke. It took us 20 minutes to wake her up, when ambulance came, they came with investigators because they didn't know what to expect as did I. This was proof how fast things change. Anastasia put herself for a nap, I had no idea how hot her bedroom was until I went to wake her up soaked in sweat, red face, boiling and unable to wake her for 15 minutes, ambulance arrived faster then I could have ever imagined and took her sugars which were 1.2 and should be above 4, they administered sucrose and in minutes she started crying clearly scared. No it is not my fault this happened to her but it is hard not to blame yourself, this is a lesson learnt & hopefully other parents can take something from this & make sure you are checking the rooms in your house because thy can be as dangerous as a hot car. Still I'm shook and I can't imagine what would have happened if I didn't go check on her. We definitely had god on our side yesterday and I am thankful for emergency services and Jay who came as fast as possible to keep me together. ❤💕🔥 #iloveyou #summertime #heatstroke #reality
A post shared by Jenn (@goalcrushinmama) on
Emergency medical technicians revived the girl within a few minutes, according to the post.
Amba told the TODAY Show that there was not enough air circulating in the room.
Heat stroke can occur when the body reaches 104 degrees.


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The Entrepreneurial Gene
By Gerry Khermouch
After getting my newsletter out in New York the other day, I rewarded myself with a bike ride to the Upper East Side in quest of a coffee or a beer. Turned out it was going to be coffee – or maybe hot chocolate – that day, once I spied a nicely designed corner place with the odd name Little Brown Chocolate Bakery & Coffee. It had recently opened and, wouldn't you know it, the owner was perched on a stool, observing his customers' grazing habits, monitoring activity at the Starbucks across the street, bantering with anyone who wanted a moment of his time. The bald head, alert, friendly eyes and thick earring certainly made him look familiar.
Ah yes – why that would be Max Brenner, the chocolate guru! Having sold control of his original retail concept, the globe-trotting chocolatier (whose first name actually is Oded – long story) has been road-testing a new store. As I spoke with Brenner, he was obviously reveling in the exploration part of being an entrepreneur: hanging in the store from opening to closing, tracking every aspect of the operation, constantly questioning each of his assumptions. It's precisely this attention to minute detail that separates true entrepreneurs from those I occasionally deride in my newsletter as "carpetbaggers" whose only interest is the final destination (of a big payout) rather than the journey itself. That journey inevitably means dealing with an endless array of tedious details. For instance, though Brenner had viewed an 8 oz., $1.45 pour as a considerate step, Brenner told me he was finding out that it irked some customers, who found that size insultingly small despite the lower price. Keep it or ditch it? The fate of the world doesn't hinge on resolving this dilemma correctly, but the fate of the enterprise rests on many similar choices.
After Brenner ambled on, I found myself thinking of all the second and third acts I've witnessed in beverages. Just now, Fuze creator Lance Collins is returning to the fray with an intriguing functional line called Body Armor. John Bello, who already sold two companies (SoBe and Izze) to Pepsi, is making an energetic effort to get some traction for Adina Holistics. Mike Weinstein, who sold a pair of even bigger companies (A&W, Snapple) to Cadbury, is quietly working his Hydrive energy/hydration line, which is part-owned and distributed by Cadbury's successor, Dr Pepper Snapple Group. The two key builders of Glaceau, creator Darius Bikoff and go-to guy Mike Repole, swear they're not coming back, but their marketing exec, Rohan Oza, has tiptoed back with an investment in Bai Brands. Even as Nestle Waters closed on full ownership of Sweet Leaf Tea, the brand's founder Clayton Christopher was a year into Deep Eddy Sweet Tea Vodka.
What keeps these people coming back? It can't be just the money – some of these guys brought in a ridiculous haul with their first success. Of course, egos are at play: my pet theory is that they're haunted by the knowledge that everybody thinks they got lucky on their first big hit. Luck, of course, always plays a role, but if they can do it a second time, then surely it will prove that genius played the bigger part.
Most of all, it seems to be these folks' fundamental love of the business that brings them back. They are tinkerers, and the beverage business is their workbench – heck, even while still shackled by his non-compete contract after selling Fuze to Coke, Collins had edged back into every conceivable beverage avenue not falling under its restraints, from Argentine wine and Mexican beer, to an agave sweetener.
To me, their presence is a great thing for beverage innovation, even if these entrepreneurs rarely come close to repeating their initial success on the same scale. After all, these guys – as opposed to the carpetbaggers – know the ropes, and delight in the incremental improvements that can make the difference. They also have access to capital, and their reputation wins them a hearing with distributors and retailers that first-timers may not get. (I long ago learned to take with a grain of salt distributors' avowals that they'll "never take another product from that jerk!" referring to an entrepreneur whose last brand jilted them for the Coke or Pepsi system.)
As I suggested, there's no guarantee that they will figure it out. But like Brenner, diligently patrolling his new coffee-and-chocolate emporium, they seem to have mastered that difficult balance between maintaining conviction about what they're doing, and still being open to questioning every aspect of their creation. Of course, once in a while the returning hero really is just coasting – delegating the grunt work, generally being a tourist. Stay away from those brands!
And if the new brand doesn't work? Well then, at least we plodders get to take solace that maybe they're not such geniuses after all. We can indulge in the guilty pleasure of schadenfreude as we watch them struggle. "I never really liked that jerk," we can go around telling our friends.
Longtime beverage-watcher Gerry Khermouch is executive editor of Beverage Business Insights, a twice-weekly e-newsletter covering the nonalcoholic beverage sector.


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The wait for Game of Thrones season two is nearly over. Get ready for Sunday's premiere with EW's in-depth interview with writer-producers David Benioff and Dan Weiss, the showrunners behind HBO's acclaimed fantasy series. Without revealing any major spoilers, find out which characters get more screen time this year, how the producers pulled off shooting dragons, battles, magic and direwolves, some of the changes from George R.R. Martin's "Song of Ice and Fire" book series, preliminary plans for a third season (yes, Book 3 will be split), and more.
What are some of the biggest challenges of season 2?
Weiss: It's a bigger fish to fry. It needs to be real battles and dragons and direwolves. And we've got all these characters that you've hopefully have fallen in love with that we need to keep vibrant. We've got all these new people who hopefully will be equally compelling. The way George has dealt with that challenge is to start making the books longer. We will have that luxury if we're lucky enough to be allowed to continue making the series. But in terms of each season, we got 10 episodes, and that's literally all that's conceivable to [produce] of this particular show.
Benioff: You know, what was scary during the first season is you're doing all this work and you have no idea if it's just gonna sink into the ocean without a trace. At least knowing that there's a fan base out there that's waiting for these shows … that helped a lot.
So it's more visually grand this time?
Weiss: Yeah. Most shows, once you've got the office or the apartment building that it's set in, you've got it. You have that asset where the vast bulk of your principle action is going to take place. For us, we just keep adding new locations.
Like Iceland. How was that?
Benioff: The whole reason we're going there, of course, is to better portray North of the Wall. We were actually facing the unsatisfying, extravagant, expensive possibility of snowing up a field in the middle of Ireland and having people walk into green screens. Or we could go to the most beautiful scene on earth and stick people on a the middle of a glacier. It's just so much more exciting than shooting with a green screen.
Weiss: Our general approach with everything is if there's something real that we can build on and use effects to turn into our world, that's always better. It's always going to be better to start with a real foundation, whether it's a castle or a canyon encampment, or whatever. In Iceland, there's not a damn thing you need to do. It looks like no other place on earth.
I heard there was a blizzard? Is that accurate?
Benioff: There was a blizzard. There was a shot where Samwell's talking to Jon and he looks normal. You cut to Jon, then you cut back to Samwell and he looks like Father Time — like with the snow and the ice just frozen onto his face in just a matter of seconds. It's really hard to do continuity. [But the actors] never complained once.
Weiss: I knew it was gonna be pretty rough [on Kit Harington] and there's no shelter out there for six, eight hours in very cold conditions. And I went up to talk to Kit on his first day of shooting and asked, "How you doing?" He said, "I've never ever had a day of shooting that I loved as much as this."
How's the tone of the scripts evolved this season?
Weiss: There is more humor. It's about letting light shine in through this dark world. It's about preserving a sense that there will be people on the show who end up going through the fire and they're coming out stronger and better.
More sex, less sex, than season 2?
Weiss: It seems about the same. There's not a checklist. You just have to do what feels right to you and not worry too much about it. [You don't] start counting how many breasts per episode or how many full‑frontal male nudity shots. There are always going to be people who think there's too much. There will be some who want to see less. One of the benefits of HBO that we can give a more well‑rounded representation of life. And that sex is a part of it and darkness is a part of it, and so is the humor.
Does anybody have a nude scene in season 2 that didn't have one in season 1?
Weiss: I will say the answer is yes. I can't say who.
You also got a bigger budget this time around. Was that tough to get?
Benioff: We went in asking for more money, a considerable sum, in order to shoot the battle scenes. We didn't get everything we wanted. But [the conversation with HBO wasn't about] 'Will this attract more viewers? Is this something that's gonna pump ratings?' It was all about why this story needs this big battle. And so it was really a long conversation about how the second season builds towards [a battle sequence].
About that big battle sequence [which I'm playing coy with here for those who haven't read the book]. Can you give a sense of what that was like to shoot?
Benioff: It was pretty much a month straight of night shoots, which is just tough for anybody unless you're a vampire. It's Belfast nights, which means it's cold and it's usually wet. There was an incredible amount of mud. It's tough for the crew, but then when you see it on screen and see how good it looks, you see the way the weather affects people. You see the wind blowing their hair and the rain coming down. None of that's faked.
Is this season better than season one?
NEXT: Wrangling magic, wolves, dragons, Robb, Jaime and more


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Here's the gist:
-The RaiderZ CB is scheduled to launch on August 8, 2012.
- Players who register for the RaiderZ Closed Beta will also have a chance to win an all-inclusive trip for two to PAX Prime, the highly popular, now sold out consumer video game show held in Seattle, WA, from August 31 to September 2.
- One lucky winner and a friend will get the opportunity to go behind closed doors for an exclusive preview of RaiderZ and enjoy a vacation package complete with three-day show passes, paid-for hotel accommodations and round-trip flights.
-To enter the giveaway, players simply need to register for the RaiderZ Closed Beta by 11:59pm on August 6, 2012. All previously registered players will already be eligible to win.
_____________________________ __
So how do you GET YOUR KEY? Comment on this very blog! If you're lucky, you'll get one via N4G PM from yours truly! Contest closes 11:59pm on August 6, 2012.
_____________________________ __
Key Redemption Instructions:
1. Visit the RaiderZ official website at http://www.playRaiderZ.com/
2. Register for a free account or log in, if you already have a Perfect World account.
3. Enter your Beta Key code and hit submit!
4. You will receive a confirmation email and instructions for downloading the client once Closed Beta testing begins.
5. Visit the official website at http://www.playraiderz.com/ for the latest game updates.
Experience the heart-pounding thrill of the hunt where the line between hunter and hunted quickly blurs. Track colossal-sized monsters online in an open world that is as beautiful as it is deadly. Will you discover the origins of the monsters' invasion and where their taste for human flesh comes from? In an exotic land overrun by hideous creatures, the country of Rendel has put out a call to all able-bodied adventurers. Know your enemies and choose wisely your allies. Many have perished before you. Now, hunt together … Or die alone!
Uuuuuh! I want one. After the mess that is TERA Europe id like to finally get my Hands on a good Action MMORPG


text: My daughter was diagnosed as FTT on Thursday. She will be 4 months old tomorrow. At birth she was 6lb 12oz.and 19.25in long. She weighed 6lb 4oz when we left the hospital. She was 8lb 11oz and 23in on Thursday. She is EBF and I want to keep it that way. Her pedi prescribed Similac Human Milk Fortifier, but her insurance doesn't cover it and neither does WIC. It is way too expensive to purchase. When we consulted with the pedi about it, he said I should pump all weekend and keep track of how much she is taking in. It took until yesterday at 4pm to get a good pump from WIC since mine is horrible. I haven't been able to pump much since she wants to eat at least 10 times per day. I have recently cut out dairy and soy because she has been a very fussy baby. It seems to help a lot and it has only been 3 weeks. She has also been on Zantac for silent reflux since 8 weeks. The pedi told me over the phone that if he cannot quantify how much she is taking in every 24 hours by me pumping and bottle feeding her and she doesn't gain enough by Monday, he will run blood tests. Then he went on to say that if the blood tests come back normal he wants her hospitalized. I do not agree with that since she is meeting all of her milestones. I think the pedi she saw (in the same practice) at her 2 month appointment dropped the ball and he doesn't know what else to do. She was getting regular weight checks from 3 weeks until 8 weeks due to slow growth, but I was told she grew enough at her 2 month appt and I only had to bring her for a 3 month weight check and a 4 month appt. I am frustrated and tired. I do not know what to do. I do not want to give my daughter formula just so he can know how much she is taking in and pumping is not working very well this weekend. Does anyone have any suggestions/experience?


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CONAKRY Fri Mar 21, 2014 4:38pm EDT
CONAKRY (Reuters) - The death toll from an outbreak of a haemorrhagic fever in Guinea's southeastern forest region has climbed to 29, while the number of cases has risen to 49, a health ministry official in the west African country said on Friday.
Sakoba Keita, in charge of the prevention of epidemics, said preliminary results from tests carried out in France to identify the disease were so far inconclusive.
"However, we are narrowing it down to Ebola and Marburg Haemorrhagic Fever (MHF)," Keita said.
The two highly lethal diseases are caused by similar viruses that are among the most virulent pathogens known to infect humans, the World Health Organization says on its website.
The first case of the outbreak in Guinea was reported on February 9. Cases have been recorded in three southeastern towns and
in the capital Conakry.


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Linksys wrestles with wireless webcam
Tackles 'remote power' problem, still needs a socket
Just a day after announcing that Ethernet power would drive all its wireless access points in future, Linksys unveiled a wireless webcam - which needs wires.
The new Internet Video Camera, announced at the CES (Consumer Electronics Show) in Las Vegas this week, will ship in the spring, says Linksys. Unfortunately, although it's a big improvement on the original design, the new webcam still relies on a standard power brick.
Power over Ethernet, or PoE, uses some of the spare wires in a standard ethernet cable to take low-power current to a network device. Two new products, the new Wireless-G Access Point with PoE (WAP54GP) and the Wireless-G Exterior Access Point with PoE (WAP54GPE), allow an installation engineer to set up the AP with nothing more than the cable needed to feed data into it.
The logic of having a wireless camera is that it can be put anywhere there is power, without having to feed it data over an ethernet cable, so PoE would not be helpful. But that does leave the home security expert with a problem when it comes to external surveillance, and the only answer is a battery and a solar power array to charge it up.
The move into PoE marks a border dispute between Linksys and its parent company, Cisco, which has done PoE for a long time. Until now, PoE was seen as a business solution, and Linksys was encouraged to pitch itself more into the home market. However, the small business sector doesn't see itself as a Cisco customer base, and was asking for a Linksys-branded product that had the PoE feature.
"Many of our VARs and small business customers were asking for wireless solutions that had PoE capabilities so they could extend their wireless access to more areas throughout their business," said Allen Powell, director of channel sales for Linksys. "These access points provide our customers with the capabilities they need to help make their businesses more productive. Linksys currently has more than 70 wireless products in its portfolio and these are the first to provide POE capabilities."
They are also a bit higher in price than the home-market APs. Estimated retail price for the new interior and exterior APs will be $249 and $449 respectively.
The price is a tightrope. Any lower, and Cisco reps would start to complain about lost business... but any higher would risk driving people to buy Mesh equipment from suppliers like Strix or LocustWorld.
Copyright © Newswireless.net


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The UCCx817 and UCCx818 family provides all the functions necessary for active power
factor-corrected preregulators. The controller achieves near-unity power factor by shaping the AC
input line current waveform to correspond to that of the AC input line voltage. Average current
mode control maintains stable, low distortion sinusoidal line current.
Designed in Texas Instrument's BiCMOS process, the UCCx817 and UCCx818 offers new
features such as lower start-up current, lower power dissipation, overvoltage protection, a shunt
UVLO detect circuitry, a leading-edge modulation technique to reduce ripple current in the bulk
capacitor, and an improved, low-offset (±2-mV) current amplifier to reduce distortion at light load


text:
Letter to The Editor: End "Overhead Myth" for Charities
June 13, 2017
Re: For Charities, Cheaper Isn't Always Better (The Winnipeg Free Press, April 21 issue)
I appreciated reading John Longhurst's article on the recent criticism in the Free Press on the administrative costs associated with the running of charities, and in particular would like to support the comments made by Bruce MacDonald on behalf of Imagine Canada. I commend Longhurst for highlighting the importance of looking at impact in the determination of the merit of a charitable organization.
When I donate to a charity, it is because I believe in its mission and the work it does. I also understand that, as with successful businesses, successful charities have administrative costs. As president of the Association of Fundraising Professionals Manitoba Chapter (AFP Manitoba), I would like to emphasize our organization's role in advancing ethical and effective fundraising practices so donors can give with confidence and charities can succeed in their missions. Our chapter is one of 20 Canadian chapters and more than 200 worldwide.
We believe our donors deserve to have trusting and transparent relationships with the charities they support. As such, our members commit to a Code of Ethics which guides our work, including how we steward and solicit funds, how we ensure transparency and public trust, how we safeguard confidential information, and how we receive compensation.
Our charities are tackling some of society's toughest issues, carrying visions that build lasting legacies and investing in change both in the short and long term. To measure their value requires a much broader view than focusing on their administrative costs. We need to shed the "overhead myth" that charities that invest in administrative and operating costs are immediately judged as less worthy.
Carolyn Basha
Board President, AFP Manitoba Chapter


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Main Site - :: Why Won't God Heal Amputees? ::
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Possibly they focus more on the resurrection, which is your symbolic rebirth.
I was once told that the "sacrifice" was giving up his one chance at a human life before his appointed time - which makes NO sense when you think about it.
Quote from: Anfauglir on October 08, 2013, 06:54:39 AMI was once told that the "sacrifice" was giving up his one chance at a human life before his appointed time - which makes NO sense when you think about it.Yeah, it does, because it proves that he didn't live for 34 years, prior to dying.
And He prayed to Himself too in the cross, since there's only one God.
Jesus' sacrifice was important because He willingly did it. That is the ultimate act of love. Jesus showed that he conquered death. Everybody dies, but Jesus was an exception. That's what made it so extraordinary.
I would like to say that Jesus' sacrifice was important because He willingly did it.
jesus was the ultimate innocent sacrifice.
Hey guys, I'm a Christian and hope to discuss things with you. My username means that I am skeptical of non-belief. It's kind of a "reverse" of the normal use for skeptic.
With that said, I would like to say that Jesus' sacrifice was important because He willingly did it. That is the ultimate act of love. Jesus showed that he conquered death. Everybody dies, but Jesus was an exception. That's what made it so extraordinary.
In the Old Testament, blood of an innocent lamb was used on the door's of the Hebrews. This represented how an innocent animal must be sacrificed to atone for sins. This was foreshadowing the New testament where jesus is the innocent lamb and used as a final sacrifice for all. That's why animal sacrifices are not needed anymore.
jesus was the ultimate innocent sacrifice. I know a lot of people think of the OT as "Evil" and "barbaric" but it is not. There are reasons God does what he does. Blood spread o the door was not evil and barbaric. It symbolized the coming of Jesus' sacrifice in the New Testament.
I hope this helps. I'm not here to preach, just to explain my point of view. I will not just be quoting the Bible mindlessly.
Welcome to the forum, Skep. Looking forward to some good discussions. You seem to be rational and reasonable so far, so I think you'll like it here, if you have a thick skin
Did he know that he was going to be resurrected? If so, then why is it that big a deal that he died, when he knew he would be saved anyway? Related: did Jesus spend his three-day slumber in heaven? If so, it doesn't sound like too big a sacrifice to me.
Explain "willingly" please? Was there no pressure from the prophets and the Father? What options were open to Jesus?
What's "ultimate" about sacrificing an "innocent"? It's a sick idea.Why is a sacrifice even necessary?Apart from that welcome aboard
This, unfortunately, is an often used 'trick' by Christian apologists in an attempt to shift the burden of proof. However, it doesn't work because the negative of a negative is a positive. Think for example about whether or not you are skeptical of non-belief in Unicorns. This would be fundamentally no different from saying you believe in unicorns. So saying you are "skeptical of non-belief" is merely to confuse language by using the negative of a negative. Why not just admit you believe X things and move forward with providing evidence? This seems like a much more honest and accurate approach to discussion and debate.
The point of the OP (Original Post) was that, according to what the bible claims, Jesus didn't stay dead and so his "sacrifice" wasn't genuine - especially since he was supposedly God in flesh. So God sacrificed himself, to himself (but didn't actually stay dead) in order to "save us" from himself? Isn't this God supposed to be all-powerful? If so, it doesn't seem this action (if it happened) did anything at all b/c an all-powerful God cannot lack anything, and therefore by definition cannot sacrifice anything. Do you follow? If God requires a sacrifice (and I think this is an absurd idea) why would a very short three days away from earth be sufficient? The point is, if he didn't stay dead (and therefore actually lose something) then this doesn't seem to count as a real sacrifice at all.
So slaughtering something innocent (i.e. - a bull, lamb, or person) somehow makes it so that we are no longer responsible for our actions? How? Would you sacrifice your son or daughter if you thought God told you to (like Abraham supposedly) and if you thought other people would forget about how you wronged them? The idea of blood sacrifice doesn't seem to have any connection whatsoever to our actions, other than just a divine dictator saying, "This is how it is", but is that kind of dictatorship moral? How can we evaluate whether or not this alleged God is actually "good" or not? In other words, how can we determine if a sacrifice is necessary?
You don't think mass genocide, human sacrifice, slavery, infanticide, and rape are barbaric or evil? What could be more barbaric than those? I won't assume you have read the whole bible but many of us here (including myself) have and find those "reasons" quite wrong and irrational. Have you read the passages in 1 Samuel 15 where God supposedly commands the slaying of women and children, or Psalm 127 where God supposedly says, "Blessed is he who dashes the little babies against the stone"? In Exodus 21 God allegedly sanctions slavery (owning people as property) and in Judges 11 God condones human sacrifice. Can you think of any situation where this would be morally OK? It would seem to me that if a sacrifice is required for wrong doing then God himself needs a sacrifice for his wrong doing. I do realize this will likely get us into discussing the Euthyphro Dilemma but that's OK.
If Jesus was God, and was the ultimate sacrifice, why didn't he stay dead? A real "sacrifice" would require a loss, don't you think? But in this story, God didn't lose himself did he? Can God lose anything? He didn't really even die b/c his real self was (supposedly) immaterial and lived on (isn't he supposed to be eternal?). Of course, I personally don't think any of this took place at all but I think it's important to think critically about these doctrines - especially when there is so much at stake. Don't you?
I am glad about this, and for what it's worth I used to believe these things too until I ran into a bunch of ex-Christian folks like us here and had to change my view to better fit with sound reasoning and intellectual honesty I look forward to your reply and thank you for joining WWGHAF.
Jesus knew he would be resurrected since the beginning of time. Imagine the agony of preparing for the sacrifice since the beginning of time. How dreadful it must have been. Jesus also had the weight of everyone's sins so He experienced way more pain than anyone has ever had. Imagine the heavy burden Jesus had. As to where jesus was for the 3 days, he was dead. No afterlife or anything. Just in a state of death, most likely how atheists view death.
He had six hours of torture, with the reward being the son of God forever and ever. That wouldn't be too agonizing for me. Of course, the six hours of torture is bad, bad news, but being the King of Kings forever and ever seems like a good tradeoff to me. Once he died, it was basically like falling asleep for a bit, only to wake up and be ascended into heaven.So I still don't see where the "sacrifice" comes in. He took some temporary pain, that's all. And he didn't even fully die--he was resurrected. So in the end, Jesus had no net loss from this. Maybe some scars, that's all. So I don't see your point of Jesus being the ultimate sacrifice.
Do you understand what's being asked in terms of sacrifice? The word denotes loss, a surrendering of something prized or desirable. What did Jesus give up that he could never reclaim?
Jesus gave up his Heavenly status in order to become human. He then went back after it was fulfilled.
The focus should be on the "innocent" part of the sacrifice, not on Jesus losing something.
The fact is that Jesus was innocent and chose to do it. That is the important thing.
I do not see unicorns the same way as God. I had a spiritual experience with God. I never had a spiritual experience with unicorns. Many people around the world always claim to spiritually experience God, not unicorns.That is why I believe it is unfair to compare the two.
I do not know why he picked 3 days. But, I also do not know why he picked 3 days for Jonah in the whale either. I also don't know why God is 3 persons that make up 1. Why not 5, 6, or 7, etc...?All I know is that a lot of things in the Bible are based on the number 3. I can not tell you why God picked the number 3.
I do not have kids, but if God told me to sacrifice one of them, I would do it. Like I said, I have no fear. God knows best. The afterlife is where my child will go, which is the end goal. The child is also not mine. The child is God's. So it would be God asking for his own child if you really think about it. Nothing in this world is ours. it all belongs to God. God does what He thinks is necessary for His plan. I can not question the creator of everything. God was generous to create a world for us.Right now you may be thinking, "What a sicko!" but I believe you may be missing the point. God will never ask me to do that because sacrificing is OVER. Jesus completed it. No more sacrifices. If 'God' told me to sacrifice my child, it would be a demon masquerading as God to try and fool me, and I wouldn't end up doing it anyway.Again, I'm just trying to explain my view and thought process.
A lot of those things were because the nations refused to worship the true God. They were all worshiping false gods and disobeying God. God gave them chance after chance after chance to repent but they did not do it. They knew the punishment was coming and they didn't care.
Any reasonable parent would stick to the punishment if their children broke the rules. Otherwise, the children will do whatever they want and that's not good. When you warn your child of what happens if they disobey, and they disobey you, you have to do what's necessary and punish them. This is why a judge doesn't say to a murderer in court, "Oh you murdered someone? No big deal. Go free." The judge must stick to the punishment.
If God is evil for enacting punishment, then judges are evil for sending people to prison. The people knew the risk they were taking, disobeyed the law anyway, and have to deal with the consequences. Don't blame the cops or judge.
It's not about jesus having to lose something. It's about jesus being the ultimate innocent sacrifice to end all sacrifices.
The prophets nor the Father pressured jesus into it. The Prophets merely described what jesus was going to do, based on Jesus' own choice.
Matthew 26: 39 He went a little farther and fell on His face, and prayed, saying, "O My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as You will."
An innocent sacrifice must be made as redemption for sins.
Something clean needs to be used to redeem the dirty. The dirty can not redeem the dirty.


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Monday, September 14, 2015
Eating Disorders
Eating Disorder
Can an eating disorder affect creatine levels in urine?
Yes. If a person has anorexic symptoms and is losing an excess amount of weight, creatine levels go down as the body eats on its muscles. However, creatine can show high values as kidneys are failing in a person with eating disorders as toxins increase in the body, and the kidneys can't filter them out.
Laura L Hill, PhD
Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University


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Despite the fact that it is highly curable if diagnosed early, ovarian cancer causes more mortality in American women each year than all other gynecologic malignancies combined. An estimated 22,280 new cases of ovarian cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2016, with about 14,240 deaths.
Notable advances in chemotherapy and surgery over the past several decades have begun to translate into improved survival. According to American Cancer Society data, the 5-year overall survival rate from ovarian cancer has increased significantly, from 37% in the mid-1970s to 46% in the mid-2000s (P < .05). Recent data from the National Cancer Institute show a similar increase in stage-specific survival. It is expected that data from the current decade, reflecting continued improvements in chemotherapy and surgery, will continue this trend.
This chapter will focus on epithelial cancers of the ovaries, which account for about 90% of ovarian malignancies.
Ovarian cancer is primarily a disease of postmenopausal women, with the large majority of cases occurring in women between 50 and 75 years old. The incidence of ovarian cancer increases with age and peaks at a rate of 61.5 per 100,000 women aged 75 to 79 years.
The incidence of ovarian cancer appears to vary by race, although the effects of race are difficult to separate from those of environmental associations related to culture, geography, and socioeconomic status. In the United States, the age-adjusted rate of ovarian cancer for Caucasians is estimated to be 17.9 per 100,000 population, which is significantly higher than 11.9 per 100,000 for the African-American population. Unfortunately, while data indicate survival improvement for Caucasians, this trend is not reflected in survival rates for African-American women in the United States, where access to standard care is likely a key factor.
There are distinct geographic variations in the incidence of ovarian cancer, with the highest rates found in industrialized countries and the lowest rates seen in underdeveloped nations. Japan, with an incidence of only about 3 per 100,000 population, is a notable exception to this observation. It has been postulated that geographic variations in the incidence of ovarian cancer are related, in part, to differences in family size.
Some of the highest rates are seen in women of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, who have an estimated incidence of 17.2 per 100,000 population, a probable result of the relatively high frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in this population.
Etiology and Risk Factors
The cause of epithelial ovarian cancer remains unknown. However, mounting evidence supports that 30% to 60% of serous "pelvic" cancers may arise from the oviduct or distal fallopian tube. Although it now appears certain that at the cellular level ovarian cancer results from the accumulation of multiple discrete genetic defects, the mechanism(s) by which these defects develop have yet to be determined. Evidence from studies of high-risk populations (BRCA mutation carriers) has revealed that ovarian or pelvic serous tumors may begin as a serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC). Within these cell populations, p53 mutations are commonly found.
Epidemiologic studies have identified a number of factors that may increase or decrease the risk of the disease. In addition, a small proportion of ovarian cancers in the United States, approximately 5% to 10%, result from inherited defects in the BRCA1 gene or other genes, including BRCA2 and the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) genes.
It has been suggested that numerous dietary factors increase the risk of ovarian cancer, although the magnitude of the reported increase is relatively modest. A low-fat diet may reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women.
Populations with a high dietary intake of lactose who lack the enzyme galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase have been reported to be at increased risk.
Conflicting reports have been published regarding the role of coffee consumption and the risk of ovarian cancer.
Environmental Factors
Various environmental risk factors also have been suggested.
Exposure to talc (hydrous magnesium trisilicate) used as dusting powder on diaphragms and sanitary napkins has been reported in some studies to increase the risk of ovarian cancer, although other studies have failed to find an association.
No association between exposure to ionizing radiation and the risk of ovarian cancer has been documented.
Several studies have examined the effect of viral agents, including mumps, rubella, and influenza viruses, on the risk of ovarian cancer. No clear relationship has been demonstrated.
Physical activity may decrease the risk of ovarian cancer.
Hormonal and Reproductive Factors
In contrast to the conflicting data on dietary and environmental factors, some clear associations have been drawn between certain hormonal and reproductive factors and the risk of ovarian cancer. Overall, the risk of the disease is directly proportional to the number of lifetime ovulations. Thus, suppression via various routes (increasing number of pregnancies, increased duration of lactation, and increased duration of oral contraceptive use) is associated with decreased risk of ovarian cancer.
Several analyses have documented that women with a history of low parity or involuntary infertility are at increased risk for ovarian cancer.
Tubal ligation significantly decreases the risk of ovarian cancer, as demonstrated by several epidemiologic studies.
Evidence suggests that treatment with ovulation-inducing drugs, particularly for prolonged periods, may be a risk factor, although it is difficult to separate the increased risk related to the infertility itself from the risk carried by use of ovulation-inducing agents.
Breastfeeding for long durations may decrease ovarian cancer risk.
Although the data are not consistent, some studies have shown an association between the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement and the development of ovarian cancer. Data from the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin showed a slight increase in the risk of ovarian cancer in users of hormone replacement therapy, although it was not statistically significant.
Several large case-controlled studies have documented a marked protective effect of oral contraceptives against ovarian cancer. Women who have used oral contraceptives for at least several years have approximately half the risk of ovarian cancer as do nonusers, and the protective effect of oral contraceptives appears to persist for years after their discontinuation. It is estimated that the routine use of oral contraceptives may prevent nearly 2,000 cases of ovarian cancer yearly in the United States. Evidence suggests that the protective effect of oral contraceptives also applies to women carrying BRCA mutations.
Hereditary Cancer Syndromes
There has been a fascinating evolution in our understanding of the role of hereditary factors in the development of ovarian cancer. It has been recognized for many years that women with a family history of cancer, particularly cancer of the ovaries or breasts, are themselves at increased risk for ovarian cancer. In the 1980s, Lynch and colleagues refined these observations by delineating several apparently distinct syndromes of hereditary cancer involving the ovaries, including breast-ovarian cancer syndrome, site-specific ovarian cancer syndrome, and Lynch II syndrome (HNPCC).
Epidemiologically, these syndromes appear to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. During the past decade, the specific genes responsible for HNPCC (MSH1 and MLH2) and for most cases of hereditary ovarian cancer have been identified, allowing fundamental observations to be made regarding their molecular pathophysiology.
The BRCA1 gene is classified as a tumor suppressor, since mutations in this gene increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. Definitive identification of the function of the protein translated from this gene remains to be elucidated, although evidence suggests that it plays a role in the repair of oxidative damage to DNA. Part of the protein appears to contain a DNA-binding domain, suggesting that it also functions as a transcriptional regulator.
The frequency of BRCA1 mutations in the general population is estimated at approximately 1 in 800, and in Jewish women of Eastern European descent, 1 in 100.
Women who carry a germline mutation of BRCA1 have a significantly elevated risk of both breast and ovarian cancers compared with the general population. The average population risk of developing breast cancer is about 12.5% (one in eight) and of developing ovarian cancer, 1.5%. However, in the presence of a germline BRCA1 mutation and a strong family history of cancer, these risks rise to about 90% and 40% for breast and ovarian cancers, respectively.
It is important to recognize that these risk estimates are derived from families identified with multiple cases of breast and/or ovarian cancer. The risk for women with BRCA1 mutations from families with less impressive family histories is probably lower for ovarian cancer, perhaps in the range of 15% to 20%.
Although the presence of germline mutations in BRCA1 is not limited to women with a strong family history of breast cancer, data from several laboratories suggest that BRCA1 mutations usually are not a feature of sporadic ovarian cancer. Mutations in this gene appear to play a role in the development of approximately 50% of familial breast cancer cases and may account for the majority of hereditary ovarian cancers. Evidence from multiple studies suggests that BRCA1-related ovarian cancers may have a less aggressive clinical course than do sporadic ovarian cancers.
Hereditary ovarian cancers not related to BRCA1 are most often related to mutations in the BRCA2 gene.
The mean age of onset of ovarian cancer is significantly earlier in women with BRCA1 mutations—45 years—compared with age 60 in BRCA2-mutation carriers. For patients who have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, laparoscopic prophylactic risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy after childbearing can reduce the risk of both breast and ovarian carcinomas.
Signs and Symptoms
Early-Stage Disease
In the early stages, ovarian cancer may be an insidious disease, but nonspecific symptoms that may be clues to the diagnosis are present more often than previously thought. A case-controlled series by Goff et al proposed that a symptom index could be devised that might suggest a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It was based on the presence of any of the following symptoms more than 12 times in a given month, but with overall duration less than 1 year: pelvic/abdominal pain, urinary frequency, increased abdominal size, and difficulty in eating (feeling full). When these criteria were met, the specificity for a diagnosis of ovarian cancer was 90% for women older than 50 years. This illustrates the diffuse nature of ovarian cancer symptoms, and taken alone will not yield early diagnosis in most patients. Thus, more than 70% of patients with ovarian cancer will present with disease beyond the confines of the ovaries at initial diagnosis.
Early ovarian cancer also may be detected as a pelvic mass noted fortuitously at the time of a routine pelvic examination. Imaging with sonography, CT, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will confirm the presence of a mass. The size, internal architecture, and blood flow of the mass can be used to make an educated guess as to whether it is benign or malignant, but imaging findings are not diagnostic in this regard. Approximately 50% of patients with early ovarian cancers have an elevated serum CA-125 level.
Patients may complain of abdominal bloating or swelling if ascites is present, and large pelvic masses may produce bladder or rectal symptoms. Occasional patients may have respiratory distress as a result of a large pleural effusion, which is more common on the right side. Infrequently, there may be a history of abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Most patients with advanced disease have ascites detectable by physical examination or imaging. Complex pelvic masses and an omental tumor cake may be present, and nodules can frequently be palpated in the pelvic cul-de-sac on rectovaginal examination. It should be noted that some patients with advanced ovarian cancer have essentially normal-sized ovaries. Approximately 80% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer will have an elevated serum CA-125 level.


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SANTA FE, N.M. (AP) — New Mexico labor officials say the state has marked another month of negative over-the-year job growth that represents a loss of 12,400 jobs.
The state Department of Workforce Solutions said Friday that job growth was negative 1.5 percent in August. The department says the current round of job losses started in June after 10 months of growth that averaged about 0.4 percent.
New Mexico's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was at 6.5 percent in August. That's down from 6.6 percent in the previous month.
Employment has increased in some industries, including educational and health services, mining and manufacturing.
The government sector was down 5,800 jobs compared to last year. Construction was down by 3,000 jobs, while professional and business services shed 5,700 jobs.
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Articles about Fashion Star TV review: 'Fashion Star' March ???? ??? ???? 13, 2012 By Mary McNamara, Los Angeles Times Television Critic I may not be a fashionista, but I wear clothes as often as the next person I'm wearing some right now as a matter of fact.
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Yesterday, major bullion bank HSBC raised its price targets for 2013 and 2014 silver prices based on growing industrial demand and increased investor appetite. Nearly 40% of silver is used for industrial and commercial applications, including use in computer keyboards, batteries and high-voltage contacts including those in solar panels.
With the increased availability of cheap natural gas, government subsidies of clean energy have shifted from wind to solar in the U.K., China and elsewhere. In China alone, the government plans to grow solar installations from 4-5 gigawatts in 2012 to 21 gigawatts by 2015. Increased access to affordable tablets and other portable electronics in India and China should also show increased demand for the commodity
Silver also is trading at a historically low discount to gold. On average, gold trades at a price 28 times that of silver, much lower than current levels. If historic ratios were to hold true, silver should be trading around $60. As debates over the sequester ramp up and uncertainty over the debt ceiling looms, it is likely that investors will look to buy metals as a "safe-haven" trade. With increasing demand by commercial and industrial manufacturing, silver should see some significant upside in months to come.
So what are the different ways a trader can take a bullish view on silver?
- Buy spot silver. The most direct exposure to the price of silver, but a very capital intensive venture.
- Buy the ETF. SLV does a good job of tracking the movement in silver prices, but this is also a capital intensive trade.
- Options on silver futures (SI). The best and most accurate way to set up a trade with a good risk vs. reward setup.
Once we know that we want to look at a bullish trade, we can use the options market to come up with a target level to center a trade on. Looking at the price of the at-the-money straddle in the April options, we can see that the market is implying a $1.75 move to the upside or downside by expiration. Once we know what the implied move is, we can look at a trade.
Trade: Buying the /SI Apr 31.75-32.75 Call Spread for $0.25
Risk: $1,250 per 1 lot
Reward: $3,750
Breakeven: $32.00
This trade sets up for a great risk vs. reward ratio and would give a trader three-to-one on their money if silver futures close above $32.75 by expiration.
Click to enlarge


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Committee Membership Information
Study Title:
Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological Weapons Convention: An International Workshop
Primary Board:
Study Director:
Dr. Roderick J. Flower
- (Chair)
Queen Mary University of London
Dr. Ralf Trapp
CBW Arms Control and Disarmament
Ralf Trapp is an independent consultant who has worked and published extensively in the fields of chemical and biological weapons disarmament and non-proliferation. His research includes the impact of advances in science and technology on the regimes pertaining to chemical and biological weapons, national implementation measures for the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention (such as legislation, regulations, training, enforcement, self-regulation in industry and academia, oversight, and education), and other aspects of preparedness and consequence management. He formerly served as Secretary of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1998-2006), which administers the Chemical Weapons Convention. He also served as Legal Coordinator (consultant) for the EU Joint Action in Support of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (2007-2008), which was executed by the Bio-Weapons Prevention Project, Geneva, Switzerland. Dr Trapp is an external member of the Academy of Sciences of Bologna and a Fellow of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). He received his Dr rer. nat. (Ph.D.) from the Technical University ?Carl Schorlemmer? Leuna-Merseburg (former German Democratic Republic) in 1978 and Dr sc. nat. from the GDR Academy of Sciences, Leipzig in 1986.
Dr. Li Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Li Huang received his Ph.D. in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, in 1988. He was a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Biochemistry of the School of Hygiene and Public Health at the Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, from 1988 to 1993. He became assistant professor in the Department of Biology at Pomona College, California, in 1993 before joining the faculty in the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in 1996. He was appointed to full professorship in 1998 and is now Director-General of the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Dr. Huang?s scientific work concerns the isolation and biotechnological exploitation of microorganisms and their genes from various environments. He has also been working on biosecurity-related issues since 2001, and is currently member of the Biosecurity Working Group of the InterAcademy Panel (IAP).
Dr. Mohamed I. Parker
University of Cape Town
M. Iqbal Parker received his BSc in Biochemistry and Microbiology from University of Cape Town in 1974, his BSc (Honours) in 1975 and his Ph.D. in Biochemistry from the same University in 1979. Dr. Parker, currently Director of the Cape Town Component of the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Professor in Medical Biochemistry at the University of Cape Town and Director of Medical Research Council Oesophageal Cancer Research Group based at the University of Cape Town. Before taking up the post with the ICGEB, he was Director of the School of Biomedical Sciences and Head Division of Medical Biochemistry at the University of Cape Town and subsequently, the Deputy Dean for Research in the Health Science Faculty. Dr. Parker is Past-President of the South African Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and was a key member in founding of the Federation African Societies on Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and is currently its Treasurer. He has been elected onto the Executive Committee on Symposia and also the Chair of the Wood-Whelan Fellowship Committee. He is a founder member of the South African Academy of Sciences (ASSAF) and currently holds the position of Secretary General for five years and currently chairs the Biosafety Committee of this Academy.
Dr. Lyoyd Whitman
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Lloyd Whitman joined the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology as the Deputy Director in April 2008. He received a B.S. in Physics from Brown University (with honors, magna cum laude), and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Physics from Cornell University. After an NRC Postdoctoral Research Fellowship at NIST, he joined the research staff at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). At NRL, Dr. Whitman was most recently the Head of the Surface Nanoscience and Sensor Technology Section, a multidisciplinary research group working at the nexus of nanoscience, biotechnology, and microsystems. He led a diverse portfolio of research studying semiconductor, organic, and biomolecular nanostructures, their use in novel functional surfaces, and their integration into advanced sensor systems for national security applications. In addition to leading research at NRL, Dr. Whitman served as a Science Advisor to the Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Chemical and Biological Defense and Chemical Demilitarization Programs. In this capacity, he represented the Department of Defense on the National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Technology Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology. Dr. Whitman has over 140 publications and patent applications in the areas of nanoscience and sensor technology, and numerous media citations and awards, including the Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Award.
Dr. Maxwell O. Onapa
Uganda National Council for Science and Technology
Dr. Nancy D. Connell
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Nancy Connell is a Professor of Infectious Disease at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ)-New Jersey Medical School and Director of the UMDNJ Center for BioDefense and the Biosafety Level 3 Facility of UMDNJ?s Center for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens. She chairs the university?s Institutional Biosafety Committee and she has worked with several international programs on dual use issues. She is past chair of the National Institutes of Health?s Center for Scientific Review Study Section HIBP (Host Interactions with Bacterial Pathogens, which reviews bacterial-pathogenesis submissions to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. She is current chair of the F13 infectious diseases and microbiology fellowship panel. Dr. Connell?s involvement in biological weapons control began in 1984, when she was chair of the Committee on the Military Use of Biological Research, a subcommittee of the Council for Responsible Genetics, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dr. Connell received her Ph.D. in microbial genetics from Harvard University. Her major research focus is in bacterial antibiotic drug discovery.
Dr. Andrzej Gorski
Polish Academy of Sciences
Dr. Hernan Chaimovich
University of Sao Paulo
University of Glasgow


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James, I wont be investing in 3 gig equipment. If I had plenty of money and lots of expertise all things would be possible. In the real world it just don't work that way. You are trying to sell Amateur Satellite service to the masses by offering them a chance to work something that they can't use or afford. The time and expense that is put into developing transponders that you can't buy a radio to work is not practical. Do you know that Yaesu has withdrawn from the satellite market? Kenwood offers the 1.2 gig module for there 2000 at a cost of an additional $500.00 making that radio over $2000.00. That is it as far as I know for off the shelf rigs for 1.2 gig. Downeast has a upconverter for about the same cost as the Kenwood module. Now in the real world that is a bunch to invest to add one band to your station. Your comment concerning appliance operators sure wont endear many new hams to Amsat. I have no formal training in electronics. I spent 25 years as a Deputy Sheriff and knew nothing of ham radio or electronics when I got my ticket. Over the past 20 years I have learned a little thanks to a bunch of wonderful skilled hams. Together with one of my friends a RF engineer who retired from GE we built a 1.2 gig station for field day a year ago out of a old Master III and a signal generator. Got the contact and was mighty proud. I have listened on L/u a few times since and have worked three contacts. If the 3 gig flys I might decide to do the same thing. My point is how many of those "appliance operators" are going to be able to do the same. We are going to have another satellite with a bunch of electronics that might get used by 10 people. My since of adventure is tempered by my practicallity I guess. On Mon, Jul 21, 2008 at 9:45 PM, James French <email@example.com> wrote: > On Mon, 2008-07-21 at 19:00 -0400, John Price wrote: >> >> I for one am very opposed to the 3 and 10 gig transponder. I have seen >> little or no interest in the 1.2 uplink. Folks are not willing to >> spend $500.00 to work a transponder that is mostly quite and >> could go away over night like 2.4 did with AO-40. Did anyone listen to >> the L/u AO-51 on Field Day. >> While V/u was jammed I worked the first station I heard on L/u and >> there were maybe 5 others on that pass. I don't maintain 1.2 gig >> equipment here. It is not worth the investment. > > And what would be the trigger for you to invest in the equipment? There > is NO GAURUNTEES that any of these new birds will get to orbit in one > peice. Look at AO-40. She was a GREAT birds at the beginning, then > something happened and all we had were a couple of uplinks with one > downlink. > > Where is your sense of adventure with experimenting with something new > and untested? How are you helping advance the Art of Amateur Radio and > Satellites if we are STUCK back in the stone ages with 2m and 70cm and > FM birds? > > I for one would and have invested in the higher bands as I am also using > that equipment for Rovering and some contesting which I have found that > I really like. I also use this equipment to talk around my area/state. > This equipment with a little modification is can also be used for when > we have a HEO or GEO satellite in orbit. > > I WANT more digital store-and-forward birds along with more Sideband > voice birds on bands OTHER than 2mand 70cm. Right now there is no > CHALLENGE in the current crop of satellites we have when all I can do > MOST of the time is get on and have enough time to get a GRID SQUARE > and a NAME/CALLSIGN of the person I am talking to. I want to be able > to hold a net where I can talk to a NUMBER of people and find out more > about everyone or ask for help and get it. I want to be able to send > video via these new birds of my latest project or of the 'kids' as they > operate. I want to be able to demonstrate what Amatuer radio is and can > do that the internet can't. I want to be able to TINKER on these new > birds with a new mode that I have either developed or have an interest > in. I want to be able to use that new microwave transverter for things > other than to talk to or see (video) locals. > > Where is EVERYONES sense of experimentation or did we as amateur radio > operators/licenses leave that at the door when we got licensed or are we > just content with what has been done and happy to sit on our laurels > and let the world leave us behind as a group that WILL die out in about > twenty/thirty years as we don't have any NEW blood to carry on with the > experimentation, thinking, and tinkering? Are we going to let the > INTERNET be the thing to determine how and where we go as a group? > Everyone on here gripes about how the internet is taking away everything > what about how we are making things interesting to entice these people > in the hobby and into Satellites? Where is the challenge anymore? I > want to be able to EXPERIMENT on thse new crop of birds, not just sit > around on 2m and 70cm and make a couple quick qso's to exchange grid > squares!!! > > Bill, I looked at your webpage and see that you MIGHT have a reason to > have new birds up and running other than just as a member that wants to > help out AMSAT through these trying times. I see no problem with that at > all as AMSAT has had others like you on the BoD before and they have > done a great job of not compromising their integrity as a Director. I > just don't see anything saying if you are a owner or an employee of this > company. Could you enlighten me and the others before I make a decision > on which three candidates are the best? > > James W8ISS - a voting member that has issues with the current crop of > APPLIANCE OPERATORS on the amateur bands!!! > > > > > _______________________________________________ > Sent via email@example.com. Opinions expressed are those of the author. > Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! > Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb > -- N4QWF Amateur Radio Operator AO-7,AO-27,SO-50,AO-51,VO-52,ISS Internet email@example.com Echolink nodes #110903 -L #388463 Formerly KC4AHW VK3FEZ Amsat Member #27845 DXCC #33,478 VUCC SAT #135 WAS SAT #296 51 on AO-51 #13 LON -79.256 LAT 37.459 Grid FM07il >From the Foothills of the Blueridge *Life should not be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in a pretty and well preserved body, but rather to skid in broadside, thoroughly used up, totally worn out, and loudly proclaiming - "WOW, What a ride!" _______________________________________________ Sent via email@example.com. Opinions expressed are those of the author. Not an AMSAT-NA member? Join now to support the amateur satellite program! Subscription settings: http://amsat.org/mailman/listinfo/amsat-bb
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Willem Jansz (16th century)
Willem Jansz, of Utrecht, Netherlands, a cloth shearer or cloth merchant, in early 1562 sold for six pennies a copy of the martyr book Offer des Heeren (first ed. 1562) to his fellow citizen Willem Willemz. Willem Jansz was a Mennonite; he and his wife Maria regularly attended the secret meetings of the small group of Mennonites at Utrecht. When a meeting was surprised by the officials in the spring of 1562, Willem Jansz was not present. Nothing more is heard about him.
Doopsgezinde Bijdragen (1903): 10, 12, 19, 35, 40, 42.
|Nanne van der Zijpp
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
van der Zijpp, Nanne. "Willem Jansz (16th century)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1959. Web. 19 Oct 2018. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Willem_Jansz_(16th_century)&oldid=96863.
APA style
van der Zijpp, Nanne. (1959). Willem Jansz (16th century). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 October 2018, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Willem_Jansz_(16th_century)&oldid=96863.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, p. 954. All rights reserved.
©1996-2018 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


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In the last several decades, the economics of the food system have changed dramatically. Millions of farms have folded as government policy has encouraged larger, more intensive farm operations, such as the factory farm G model for producing meat, eggs and dairy.
A handful of corporations—producers of seeds, processors of meat and milk, and grocery retailers—now dominate most aspects of the food system, giving them enormous power to control markets and pricing, and enabling them to influence food and agricultural regulations. The largest of these agribusinesses are practically monopolies, controlling what consumers get to eat, what they pay for groceries and what prices farmers receive for their crops and livestock.
Supporters of this new industrial model boast its "efficiencies," touting its ability to produce huge quantities of cheap food. This analysis, however, fails to take into account the many hidden costs, including declining rural economies and farmer livelihoods, environmental damage and public health consequences. An expert panel, the Pew Commission on Industrialized Farm Animal Production, released a report in 2008 that addressed the "unintended consequences of this type of animal production." The commission's report goes on to say that:
While increasing the speed of production, the intensive confinement production system creates a number of problems. These include contributing to the increase in the pool of antibiotic-resistant bacteria G because of the overuse of antibiotics G; air quality problems; the contamination of rivers, streams, and coastal waters with concentrated animal waste; animal welfare problems, mainly as a result of the extremely close quarters in which the animals are housed; and significant shifts in the social structure and economy of many farming regions throughout the country. F
Rural Economies
Among the hidden costs of industrial food production are its effects on small family farms and rural communities, which include the loss of nearly four million farms in the United States since the 1930s. F
Sustainable farms support local economies by providing jobs for members of the community and purchasing supplies from local businesses. A University of Minnesota study showed that small farms with gross incomes of $100,000 or less made almost 95 percent of farm-related expenditures within their local communities. FStudies have shown that small, locally owned farms have a multiplier effect: for every dollar the farm spends, a percentage remains in the local economy, contributing to the economic health of the community. F
Factory farms hire as few workers as possible and often purchase equipment, supplies, and animal feed from the same agricultural conglomerates that purchase their products. FThe University of Minnesota found that large farms with gross incomes greater than $900,000 made less than 20 percent of farm related expenditures locally. FIndustrial farms often have absentee owners whose profits are sent out of town.
The Economic Efficiency Myth
Even when the hidden costs of factory farming are ignored, industrial agriculture is often less efficient at producing food than smaller, sustainable farms G. While large-scale, single crop (also called monoculture G) farms produce a large output per worker, diversified sustainable farms produce more food per acre of land. FIn other words, sustainable farms require more workers and create more jobs, while also doing a better job of feeding people on smaller plots of land than industrial farms.
Despite decades of claims to the contrary, industrial farming has not relieved famine or hunger throughout the world. On the contrary, industrial agriculture has fed a culture of over-consumption, particularly in the United States, where large quantities of food are tossed in the trash while, Fat the same time, the population is in the throes of an obesity epidemic. F
Meanwhile, a study by the University of Essex found that sustainable agriculture increased productivity by an average of 93 percent on nine million farms in places including the Sahel region of Africa, the hills of the Andes, the rainforests of Southeast Asia, and other areas where synthetic-chemical-dependent farming is neither affordable nor successful. FAs many Western governments and foundations are attempting to introduce industrial agriculture to Africa, a report by an international affiliate of the United Nations, endorsed by 58 countries and prepared by 400 experts, advocated instead a low-input, small-scale agricultural model. FIn 2011, the United Nations reported that using low-input organic methods, African farmers could double their production. F
Vilified in public policy debates, farm subsidies comprise a flawed but vital part of the current government support system for farmers. Farming is unlike most other business because most farmers are highly leveraged—literally banking the farm on a yearly basis to borrow money for operating costs, with the hope that their crop generates a profit. Because of weather, pest infestations, and financial speculation, farming is also a highly volatile business. For these reasons, agriculture relies on the government to provide a safety net.
Commodity subsidies accomplish this, but also, unfortunately, currently have the effect of propping up a system designed to drive overproduction of commodity crops—supplying the cheap corn and soy that drive factory farms and corporate profits.
Simply getting rid of subsidies won't solve agriculture's problem because farmers depend critically on a government support system to float them in bad years. A better policy approach would be to set up price floors for farmers, creating a sort of minimum wage, while also establishing a reserve system of commodity crops. This would enable the government to manage supply (and prices) by releasing the reserve onto the market when harvests are bad and buying up surplus crops when the harvests are good. Reducing the volatility in commodity markets would help farmers avoid their natural tendency to plant crops on every inch of their farms, and could reduce the overproduction that lets commodity crop buyers (who turn corn and soybeans into animal feed for factory farms and ingredients for processed food) pay too low a price to farmers.
Market Concentration
Meat production today is marked by intense market concentration in which a very small number of corporate packers accounts for the majority of meat that ends up in your grocery store. In 2007, four corporations slaughtered 83.5 percent of the nation's beef, 66 percent of the pork and 58.5 percent of the poultry. FThis enormous market power wielded by a handful of small companies has the effect of dramatically reducing competition in agricultural markets, which also reduces prices paid to farmers. For example, an independent beef producer used to have myriad buyers vying to purchase his or her product, including auction houses; today, increasingly, the beef producer may only have one or two corporate buyers, greatly diminishing his or her ability to get a fair price. F
Abusive Patents
A growing source of revenue in agriculture is patents. By creating a new animal breed or plant seed or agrochemical and patenting it, a company can control its use—how much it costs and how it can and cannot be used. The vast majority of the corn, cotton, soy and sugarbeets grown in the United States, for example, are produced with genetically modified seeds G, which are patented and owned by a handful of biotechnology corporations. F FIn 2007, four companies controlled nearly a third of the global seed market, and two companies controlled 58 percent of the corn seed. FFor farmers, this means fewer options and higher prices for their major input—seeds.
Though genetically engineered products now dominate commodity crop production in the United States, researchers from the United States Department of Agriculture have called this widespread adoption "puzzling," given the mixed and even negative economic returns of the product. FWidely hyped and poorly regulated, genetically engineered crops are of dubious value to farmers, while endanger their health and livelihoods.
Supply, Demand and Food Prices
Growing corporate power in agriculture has led to steadily rising prices for staples like meat, milk and eggs, while the farmer's share of the consumer grocery dollar has fallen. F
As more consumers consider the environmental, health and social consequences of industrial food production, demand for sustainably raised foods is growing. According to the USDA, farmers are dedicating more and more land to organic production G in response to consumer demand, with total organic acreage increasing at a rate of 15 percent annually. F
Farmers' markets, food cooperatives, and community supported agriculture (CSA G) programs continue to grow in popularity, making local, sustainably produced food more available. These programs offer consumers the opportunity to put their dollars directly into farmers' pockets, cutting out cooperate middlemen and strengthening a regional food system.
Did You Know?
The rural workforce employed on US farms dropped by about 50 percent in the 1980s and 1990s. F
What You Can Do
Increasing sustainable food production results from concerned consumers making informed, responsible choices. By purchasing sustainable foods from your local farmer or grocery store, you support the farmers who are raising food responsibly and actively encourage the growth of a more sustainable food system.
Wherever possible, instead of giving your money to industrial agriculture, give it to a sustainable farmer. Buy foods directly at farmers' markets, farm stands, or through a CSA Ggroup. Check out Eat Well Guide to locate sources of sustainable food in your area.


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Crab Melt Sandwiches
|Seafood, Vegetables, Bread
|Day Part
|Dinner, Lunch
|Menu Part
|Cuisine Type
Source: Chef Gary Rizzo and the California Avocado Commission
"Melts" are an American invention—from simple grilled cheese sandwiches to classic luncheonette tuna melts. Avocados and sourdough bread give these sandwiches a distinct California twist, and snowy crabmeat carries out the Pacific theme.
2 tbsp. mayonnaise
Salt and black pepper
8 tbsp. butter
12 large slices sourdough bread
6 roasted red bell peppers, seeded and sliced into fourths
42 oz. fresh crabmeat
12 slices (1/2 oz. each) white cheddar cheese
6 fresh California avocados, sliced
- In small bowl, mix mayonnaise and 1/2 tsp. ground black pepper; set aside.
- Preheat oven to 400°F. Spread butter on one side of each bread slice and place in large saute pan or baking sheet, butter-side down. Place pan in oven for about 1 min.
- Meanwhile, heat another sauté pan over med. heat. Add roasted peppers and crabmeat; heat for 1 min.
- Take bread slices from oven; spread 1 tbsp. aioli on each. Top with 2 pieces roasted pepper; divide crabmeat equally among slices. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
- Top each sandwich with 1 slice cheddar cheese. Return pan to oven for 2 min. to melt cheese.
- For service, cut each sandwich diagonally in half. Top each half with 3 slices avocado and sprinkle with a pinch of salt and pepper.