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Scientific Creationism: Adding Imagination to Scripture
Scientific creationism has been interpreted by most observers as a resurgence of belief in biblical literalism. I have surveyed the material of sixteen years of the creationist journal Creation Research Society Quarterly and have discovered that many creationist beliefs, while based upon biblical literalism, consist largely of extrabiblical and occasionally wild imagination. Therefore, a discussion of the appropriateness or the inappropriateness of biblical literalism can only be a partial treatment of the controversy.
Most theologians have not only rejected the literalist approach to the Bible but insist that such an interpretation was never intended by the Bible writers. Bernard Ramm called the version of literalism that is specific enough to give rise to scientific creationism "hyper-orthodox" (1954). Bruce Vawter made a distinction between the "literalistic" interpretation used by scientific creationists, in which each word has an exact meaning independent of the context, and a "literal" interpretation, which conveys the author's intended meaning (1983). Langdon Gilkey says that the kind of literalism used by scientific creationists is not a "carry over from the old" traditional Christianity but is a product of our technological society's very literalistic way of thinking (1983). Bernard Anderson insists that the meaning of Genesis accounts cannot be made to stand as an independent basis of science and separated from the historical context of Israel's liberation from Egypt (1983). There are many other Christian books and articles critical of the young-Earth creationist position (Beck, 1982; Bube, 1972; Fischer, 1981; Kenkel, 1985; Peacocke, 1979; Olson, 1982; Hyers, 1984; Young, 1982).
All of these publications have made the incorrect assumption that scientific creationism emerges directly and only from biblical literalism. The extrabiblical additions, which I will describe later on, include belief in not just one but two or more additional creations and in not just one worldwide catastrophe but in two or more. Writers such as Hyers (1984), Newell (1982), and Ruse (1982), who base their criticism of creationists on just a few of the popular creationist books, would not encounter these beliefs, to which the creationists do not generally like to alert the public.
The young-Earth creationists, therefore, do not subscribe to the motto of those true, humble literalists who say, "Speak where the Bible speaks, and keep silence where it keeps silence." Instead, they want to help the Bible out. This seems to occur for two reasons. Some extrabiblical beliefs are necessary in order to rescue biblical literalism and bring it into line with modem scientific knowledge. Because these beliefs are necessary corollaries of biblical literalism, they have achieved a doctrinal status among the scientific creationists and are given nearly equal credence with scripture itself. In other cases, the extrabiblical emendations are wholly unnecessary flights of fancy, upon which many creationists place as much emphasis as upon scripture itself. I do not impute personal blame upon all young-Earth creationists for these excesses, of course, and many of them are no doubt embarrassed by them. I only wish to illustrate the tendency of creationist writers to mix imagination with scripture and then to defend both.
As a Christian, I am distressed that these creationists present their own speculations as if they were biblical truth. It is my hope that the critics of creationism will concentrate their criticism on those individual creationists who have proved themselves scientifically and scripturally irresponsible rather than on the Bible and the Christian church in general. And it is my further hope that these creationists will begin to be more careful in their handling of scripture.
Events Surrounding the Fall
Some young-Earth creationists have attempted to translate the Fall of Man into scientific terms. The Bible teaches that "As in Adam all die . . ." (1 Corinthians 15:21-22). This passage and others have led to the doctrine of original sin, which has inspired lengthy disputations among theologians for centuries. One central difficulty the theologians have had to face is that they believe that Jesus was without sin yet was born a human just as we have been. Did Jesus inherit original sin? And, if so, how could he have been sinless?
In his 1980 book, The Seed of the Woman, Arthur Custance suggested that there was a poison substanceperhaps alcoholin the forbidden fruit of Eden. Adam and Eve partook of it, but in some manner or other this poison got itself incorporated into Adam's sperm but not into Eve's eggs. The poisonwhich causes original sinis passed on only through the sperm in each generation. Needless to say, such a scenario is completely impossible. A poison cannot get passed from one generation to the next, since only genes are passed on. Moreover, the genes get rescrambled each generation during the cell divisions that produce eggs and sperm. There is no way in which an entity would be passed on only in the sperm and never in the eggs unless it is in the Y-chromosome. But an appeal to the Y-chromosome does not help in this case because, on the average, half of the sperm have no Y-chromosome. Would Custance suggest that half of all childrenspecifically, all girlsare born free of original sin? And, of course, the little bit of alcohol Adam might have assimilated would have gotten overwhelmed by the massive amounts of drinking that his descendants did. Custance's elaborate scheme seems to have been motivated by one thing: he wanted to believe that original sin has a chemical basis.
Many scientific creationists have interpreted the word death to refer not only to human spiritual death but also to human physical death. In doing so, they fly directly into the face of the scripture that says "In the day that thou eatest thereof. . . ." Adam lived nine hundred years or so after the Fall, but God told him he would die the very day he ate of the tree. Obviously, God was referring to spiritual death. "I die daily," said Paul (1 Corinthians 15:31). "For you have died," he says in Colossians 3:3. These passages use the same word, apothnesko, as in 1 Corinthians 15:22. "We have passed from death into life" (1 John 3:14) uses the same word, thanatos, as in 1 Corinthians 15:21. Thus, the Bible uses death in more than one way. But many scientific creationists insist that whenever the word is used it must imply all of its meanings and therefore can never refer only to spiritual death. Riss insists that, if our resurrection is to be physical, like Christ's, then the death from which we are saved must likewise be physical (1983). (He obviously does not believe that Christians live forever physically after being saved, but he does not explain adequately how he escapes the necessity of this conclusion.) The Bible, however, unabashedly uses the word in more than one waywhether or not the creationists like it.
No death of animals
But many creationists do not stop there. They insist that there was no death of animals before the Fall, because Romans 8:19-22 mentions that the whole of creation is under bondage to sin and because the "very good" world that Genesis says God created could not have contained death of animals. To conclude from this that animals did not die before Adam's fall is at least uncertain. Lambert goes so far as to claim that there was no death of animals before the Flood (1983). Thus, the scientific creationists are obliged to explain, first, how carnivores were supposed to survive without eating meat and, second, how the populations of organisms were supposed to be controlled before the Fall.
Since most creationists have not attempted to address these implications of their doctrine, they refer to them, if at all, in vague generalities. A few creationists, however, have attempted to be more specific. Colin Brown claims that carnivores can get along just fine on a vegetarian diet (1983). He cites one example: Elsa the lioness in Born Free. From this one example, Brown concludes that all the lions, tigers, wolves, falcons, eagles, vultures, and so forth, in the world could get along on plant food if they had to. Never mind the fact that we do not see them doing so in nature even when they are starving. But suppose that all mammalian carnivores could convert to vegetarianism. There are many other carnivores that these creationists have forgotten about. What did spiders, with their sucking mouthparts, eat before the Fall? And there are countless species of parasitic wasps and mites that are unable to eat anything other than specific host animals. Can you imagine a mosquito, with no teeth, trying to suck blood out of a beet? Did ticks and fleas find satisfaction in biting dogbane and catnip rather than dogs and cats?
Brown dealt with the second problem by saying that predators are not necessary to keep animal populations in check. Animals keep their own populations under control by territoriality and instinct. This is sometimes true, of course, but some notable exceptions stand outfor instance, the explosion of deer populations on the Kaibab Plateau in Arizona, resulting, apparently, from overhunting by humans of predatory pumas, and of moose populations on Isle Royale in Lake Superior before the introduction of wolves. Even if all animal populations could be kept in check without predation, they could not be kept in check without death. They continue reproducing, the way God commanded them to in Genesis 1, and overshoot their food supply. Only death can prevent or solve overpopulation. Jansma brought this point to the attention of the creationist readership (1974). He added that humans could not reproduce without causing death, since during human procreation billions of sperm die. White responded that God commanded the animals to fill the Earthnot overfill it (1975); therefore, when the Earth was filled with animals, reproduction ceased. But this is not what the Bible says. Genesis 1 gives no hint that "be fruitful and multiply" had any anti-overpopulation mechanism built into it. How were the animals to know that the moment had come for them to stop reproducing?
In addition to not having death, a world created "very good" could not, claim these creationists, have had any decay or disease. Thus, all disease-causing pathogens had some alternative innocuous life-style before the Fall. Viruseswhich can only live inside of living cells and can reproduce only by tricking host cells into replicatingcould not have existed as we know them today. Because there was no decay, vultures could not have existed; their bald heads and gastrointestinal tracts are specially designed to facilitate the eating and digesting of rotting flesh.
An incalculably large number of biological modifications would have been necessary to transform a pre-Fall worldwithout predators, disease, or decayinto our present fallen world; in other words, a whole new biology was needed. To accommodate their interpretation of just a few verses of scriptureverses that were themselves capable of other literal interpretationsmany creationists have fabricated a whole new dogma of biology.
Everrett Peterson is one creationist who believes that God intended carnivores to eat meat, even before the Fall; he claims they acted as "housekeepers" helping Adam keep the populations of prey in check (1982). As far as I am aware, his article is unique in the scientific creationist literature.
Evil design
Who created this whole new biology at the moment of Adam's fallGod or Satan? Most creationists believe the former, but A. E. Wilder Smith hints in his book, Why Does God Allow It? that the latter is true (1980). He described an imaginary atheist saying:
Take, for example, the process of malaria transmission. It shows signs of what looks like careful, well-devised planning, with the single purpose of plaguing and torturing the victim. To me, the whole system looks like a remarkable plan, as if both the good and the bad were planned for mankind and biology.
Wilder Smith is aware of, and sympathetic with, the trouble caused by such appearances of not just evil but evil design of such an extent that it seems to him to be beyond the power of evolution to accomplish. Just as the builders of the Cologne Cathedral cannot be blamed for the rubble of its destruction by bombing in World War II, so the designer of all life (God, according to Wilder Smith in his other books, 1970, 1981) cannot be blamed for this evil design. Someone else came in and messed things up. Although he does not make it explicit, he clearly implies that this someone was Satan. But the Bible nowhere indicates that Satan is powerful enough to have redesigned the world of nature.
Wilder Smith was aware of this paradox of evil design, but other scientific creationists seem to not even notice it. Willis Keithley, for instance, wrote an article about a certain carnivorous plant, the serpent's snare:
The translucent top of the head entices those hapless insects into its crown with a false corona of light. As they buzz futilely around that unholy halo, they eventually fall exhausted into the main stem, where barbaric bristles . . . thrust them relentlessly down the stalk.[1980]
One can almost hear the flower hissing, he says. His conclusion was that this plant could not have evolved. This "sinister" plant had to be designed by a loving intelligence! He never notices that he contradicts himself.
But many creationists won't even stop there! Another doctrine, almost universal among the scientific creationists, is that the second law of thermodynamics came into existence at the time of the Fall. The universe is currently "running down," becoming more disorderly. But since God is not the author of confusion (1 Corinthians 14:33), then disorder, or entropy, could not have existed in a sinless Eden.
It has been known since the time of E. Willard Gibbs early this century that the change in energy status of molecules as they undergo a chemical reaction can be calculated as the change in heat minus the product of the temperature and the change in entropy. If, indeed, this law of entropy was not in effect before the Fall, then every chemical reaction in the world was different at that time. God would have had to practically re-create the entire Earth and all its living and nonliving components in order to institute the second law of thermodynamics.
Yet, when Robert E. Kofahl attempted to convince the scientific creationist readership that the second law of thermodynamics would have to have been a component of the orderly and good world as God originally created it (1973), he was rebuked by Henry M. Morris (1973). Kofahl said, "Such speculations, if correct, would surely require a totally redesigned and re-created physical universe . . . of such there is no suggestion in the Scriptural record . . ." (1973). If there had been no entropy in Eden, it would have been "irrational, crazy, a nightmare to live in. . . ." Morris's reply is that 2 Peter 3:4-5 refers to and condemns uniformitarian scientists and charges that Kofahl is one of these uniformitarians, stating that Kofahl is opening a "can of worms," trying to "yield to pressures from uniformitarianists," and making a "concession" to them which is "dangerous theologically" (1973). Morris's view remains in the ascendancy among scientific creationistsafter all, he is director of the Institute for Creation Research. "No entropy before the Fall" seems to be a creationist doctrine, since any objection raised to it is treated as at least mild heresy.
Events Surrounding the Flood
Re-creating the whole universe in response to Adam's sin is not the only gigantic re-creation invented by some creationists. The Flood and its aftermath provide other imaginative opportunities.
A vapor canopy
The Flood itself has been expanded in scope by creationists to require numerous extrabiblical miracles. This becomes abundantly clear when reading The Genesis Flood by Whitcomb and Morris as well as Whitcomb's The World That Perished. In the Creation Research Society Quarterly, D. Russell Humphreys claimed that the Bible taught, or at least suggested, that Earth's pre-Flood core consisted of water (1978). His biblical evidence was that the Bible made occasional reference to water coming from underground: the springs feeding the rivers of Eden, the mists that rose from the earth in Genesis 2, the opening of the "fountains of the deep" in the Flood. Joseph C. Dillow criticized Whitcomb in a letter to the Quarterly, saying that the biblical writer could not have had this theory in mind when he wrote these passages (1979a). This same Joseph C. Dillow, however, was not bothered by extrabiblical speculation when he wrote a series of articles for the Quarterly, which since have been organized into book form, about "Earth's pre-Flood vapor canopy" (1982). He presents many calculations concerning how a vapor canopy could have remained suspended above the atmosphere without falling to Earth and how it would have produced a uniformly tropical Earth and later provided the Flood rains. He admits that the Bible does not unmistakably teach that there was such a vapor canopy; the most he could say is that "scripture does not rule out a vapor canopy" (1979b).
Glenn Morton calculates that Dillow's model would produce an Earth with surface temperatures far in excess of what life could tolerate (1979). He encouraged "new thinking about the cause of the Flood and the antediluvian climate." In his article, "The Warm Earth Fallacy," he indicated that belief in a canopy and universally warm planet was not a necessary biblical teaching (1980). But this same Glenn Morton invented perhaps the most imaginative extrabiblical emendation of all.
Post-Flood catastrophism
Most creationists believe that virtually all of the fossil-bearing rocks were deposited during the Flood and that the apparent evolutionary order of the fossils resulted from ecological zonation, organism mobility, and hydrodynamic sorting. "Ecological zonation" means that the "oldest" deposits were the ocean habitats, and, since they were already at the bottom, they were buried first by the Flood. The lowland terrestrial habitats were buried next, and so forth. "Organism mobility" means that the "most advanced" animals were able to outrun the flood waters and so were buried last. "Hydrodynamic sorting" occurs when smaller, denser objects settle to the bottom first in turbulent water. Whitcomb and Morris wrote The Genesis Flood (1961), which is still the standard creationist book on the subject, and therein describe these extrabiblical explanations. Glenn Morton, however, rejected the entire idea that fossil-bearing rocks were deposited during the Flood (1982). Indeed, he claimed that practically all the fossiliferous deposits were produced after the Flood during several hundred years of local catastrophes (floods, earthquakes, and so forth). While his theory is an improvement on the usual Flood geology, it provides a breathtaking amount of extrabiblical emendation: the Bible provides genealogies and an outline of historical events from Noah to Abraham and totally neglects to mention that Earth was still writhing and seething with local catastrophes on a scale many hundreds of times greater than today. Morton has filled in this major component of Earth history that the Bible writers forgot to mention.
Glenn Morton is not the only creationist to have put forward an imaginative reinterpretation of the fossil record. Steven Austin studied some Cenozoic deposits in Oregon up to seventy-five-hundred feet thick and concludes that they could not have been deposited underwater (a.k.a. Stuart Nevins, 1974). He argues that they were terrestrial volcanic deposits, although he accepts the Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata underneath them as Flood deposits. Constrained by the young-Earth creationist time-frame that insists on a Flood about four thousand years ago, however, the question arose as to how he could preserve belief in a young Earth, a global Flood, and yet explain seventy-five-hundred feet of terrestrial deposition. There was only one solution: invent a new catastrophe.
Austin does not explain how most modern species of plants and animals managed to avoid getting buried in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits, even though they had been in existence since creation week. But he argues that, after the Flood, Earth was repopulated by animals, plants, and humans for seven hundred years. During this time, the weather was very warm (he concludes this from the presence of tropical plants in the Cenozoic deposits). How did the weather become so warm? He postulates the formation of a new vapor canopy, similar to the old one which had covered Earth before the Flood. It was this new canopy that caused Earth to become tropical once again. Seven hundred years after the Flood, the new catastrophe began with exploding volcanoes and a collapsing canopy. This time, however, the catastrophe produced not a flood but the Ice Age. So Austin fabricates a whole saga of a postdiluvian warm Earth, canopy, and catastrophe in order to bring his field data into conformity with young-Earth creationist doctrine.
It is not quite fair to say that there is no scriptural basis for this scenario. There is a verse that lends itself to this kind of wild imaginationone we have seen before. It is good old Genesis 10:25, which says that Earth "was divided" in the days of Peleg. The Genesis writer did not specify what divided meant, so these creationists feel justified in assigning any meaning to it they can possibly use.
An article by Robert Morton in the same Creation Research Society Quarterly said that, if Earth had been at its present radius at the time of the Flood, it could not have (without a violation of the second law of thermodynamics) distributed enough sediments to have produced the entire fossil record (1980). This would seem to be a decisive blow against the typical creationist insistence that all sedimentary rocks were produced by the Flood. But Morton comes up with another alternative: the radius of Earth was smaller at the time of the Flood. Since he does not specify how Earth expanded or with what the newly created volume was filled, I presume he is positing a miracle not hinted at anywhere in scripture. Glenn Morton wrote an article with a similar viewpoint (1983).
Post-flood creation
While many creationists posit post-Flood catastrophes, others believe in post-Flood creation. They find it impossible to explain how all the genetic variation in animal populations could have been represented by a single pair of each kind on the ark, and they cannot explain why many kinds of plants and animals show very localized centers of distribution instead of being descended from Flood survivors that dispersed from Ararat. So what do they do? Again, it is no problem at all to invent another gigantic miracle: God created much or most of today's biota after the Flood. Armstrong invoked this explanation for the origin of desert animals (1973) and Lammerts and Howe in reference to plants (1974). Morris insists that, since Genesis 2:1 says that God completed his creative work on day six of creation week, post-Flood creation is a willful ignoring of the Genesis record and that anyone who believes it is condemned in 2 Peter 3:4-5, one of Morris's most frequently used verses (Morris, 1974). Lammerts defends himself by saying that Psalm 104:30 makes reference to post-Flood creation (1975). Morris likes to believe that there was no entropy before the Fall, even though the Bible does not teach this, but he criticizes Lammerts on the grounds that the Bible does not teach post-Flood creation. Thus, many leading creationists take their imaginary emendations to scripture very seriously, elevating them to doctrinal status.
The Tower of Babel
From the story in Genesis 11:1-9 of the Tower of Babel, many creationists conclude that, after the Flood, God miraculously intervened in history and supernaturally created all of the world's languages in one fell swoop. Thus, the origin of linguistic diversity was instantaneous rather than evolutionary.
However, James E. Strickling warned readers of the Quarterly not to read too much into the Tower of Babel account (1980). He argued that the only thing needed was for the faculty of speech to be interrupted (the "confusion of tongues," the loss of the ability to communicate) and the people would disperse. From this, linguistic diversification would follow. The supernatural creation of languages, complete with vocabulary and grammar, is not an essential teaching of Genesis 11.
Peleg's division
This same author, however, did not use such caution when he wrote an article in the same journal two years earlier concerning "Peleg's Division" (Strickling, 1978). Here he focused on Genesis 10:25, which says in part: ". . the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth divided. . . ." This might mean a political division, but Strickling opted for a geographical meaning. He claimed that this passage refers to the catastrophic cracking open of East Africa's Rift Valley and formation of the Red Sea after the Flood. Patrick Hansen was even more imaginative in his interpretation of this passage, claiming that it referred to the splitting up of the New and Old Worlds, leaving the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a scar (1983).
So we see from these examples that the scientific creationists have a proclivity to blithely flesh out the skeleton of biblical history with their own fruitful imaginations and even add extra vertebrae to the skeleton and, in some cases, whole new body parts. There is a recurring pattern of one creationist criticizing another's imaginative new theories, only to do a great amount of such theorizing in return. Some theories, like those surrounding Peleg's division, are totally useless, while others, like the vapor canopy and post-Flood catastrophism, are necessary to creationists in their attempts to force geological history into a "biblical" mold.
Scientific creationists are not the only people within Christian tradition to possess extrabiblical emendations. The Catholic church, of course, has a large body of tradition and liturgies that function parallel to scripture. The Mormons have whole books full of emendations. And each denomination of Protestantism and fundamentalism has its own traditions which can and often do function parallel to scripture. The Bible is the core around which their doctrines are elaborated, but the genuineness of the core does not automatically make all their emendations acceptable to the rest of us. The emendations must stand on their own.
Many old-Earth creationists and theistic evolutionists have, of course, also gone outside the Bible to obtain information about the history of Earth. Some of their theoriesfor instance, the "gap" or "ruin-reconstruction" theory (see Blocher, 1984)are largely imaginary. Why, then, do I bring criticism upon the young-Earth creationists for a practice that appears common among Christians?
The reason is that, since young-Earth creationists claim themselves to be the sole defenders of biblical truth and to base their beliefs upon direct and straightforward biblical teaching, they have implied that their opinions have biblical sanction and that these opinions deserve respect from all people who revere the Bible as inspired scripture. The impression is created that these gigantic sagas are not only true science but straight two-hundred-proof Christianity. In this way, despite their zeal to defend the Bible, these creationists are bringing harm upon it.
I reach two conclusions, one for the benefit of the creationists and one for the benefit of their critics.
First, the creationists should be more careful about the way they use the Bible and be more careful about the quality of articleswhether scientific or theologicalthat they allow to represent them in their Creation Research Society Quarterly. Indeed, the most recent issues of the Quarterly, and the publications of the younger creationists in the Students for Origins Research, have had far fewer reprehensible articles in them than did the issues of the Quarterly I reviewed for this article. Problems remain. The creationists have still not faced up to the extrabiblical status of the vapor canopy theory and the no-entropy-before-the-Fall theory, which they still defend in print.
Second, I encourage the critics of creationism to not let their opinion of the Bible be lowered by the flights of fancy published by these creationists.
Anderson, Bernhard. 1983. "The Earth Is the Lord's: An Essay on the Biblical Doctrine of Creation." In Roland M. Frye (editor), Is God a Creationist? The Religious Case Against Creation-Science. New York: Scribners. Pp. 176-196.
Armstrong, Harold. 1973. "Kangaroo Rat OriginsDivine Intervention?" Creation Research Society Quarterly 10:162.
Beck, Stanley D. 1982. "Natural Science and Creationist Theology." Bioscience 32:732-742.
Blocher, Henri. 1984. In the Beginning. Translated by D. G. Preston. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Brown, Colin. 1983. "Systems of Nature." Creation Research Society Quarterly 20:186-188.
Bube, Richard H. 1972. The Human Quest: A New Look at Science and the Christian Faith. Waco, TX: Word Books.
Custance, Arthur. 1980. The Seed of the Woman. Brockville, Ontario, Canada: Doorway Publications. (See 1982 sympathetic review by John W. Klotz in Creation Research Society Quarterly 18:128-130.)
Dillow, Joseph C. 1979a. "Reply to Humphreys." Creation Research Society Quarterly 16:191.
. 1979b. "Scripture Does Not Rule Out a Vapor Canopy." Creation Research Society Quarterly 16:171-173, 175.
. 1982. The Waters Above: Earth's Pre-Flood Water Canopy. Second edition. Chicago, IL: Moody Press.
Fischer, Robert A. 1981. God Did ItBut How? La Mirada, CA: CalMedia.
Gilkey, Langdon. 1983. "Creationism: The Roots of the Conflict." In Roland M. Frye (editor), Is God a Creationist? The Religious Case Against Creation-Science. New York: Scribners. Pp. 56-67.
Hansen, Patrick S. 1983. "The Necessity of Continental Relocation in the Creationist Model." Creation Research Society Quarterly 19:206-207, 225.
Humphreys, D. Russell. 1978. "Is the Earth's Core Water? Part One: The Biblical Evidence." Creation Research Society Quarterly 15:141-147.
Hyers, Conrad. 1984. The Meaning of Creation. Atlanta, GA: John Knox.
Jansma, S. J., Sr. 1974. "Comment on Thermodynamics Before and After the Fall." Creation Research Society Quarterly 11:177-179.
Keithley, Willis E. 1982. "The Serpent's Snare." Creation Research Society Quarterly 19:155, 184.
Kenkel, Father Leonard A. 1985. "A Case Against Scientific Creationism: A Look at Content Issues." Science Education 69:59-68.
Kofahl, Robert E. 1973. "Entropy Prior to the Fall." Creation Research Society Quarterly 10:154-156.
Lambert, Grant R. 1983. "Was the Pre-Flood Animal Kingdom Vegetarian?" Creation Research Society Quarterly 20:88.
Lammerts, Walter. 1975. "Concerning the Natural Versus the Supernatural: A Reply to Henry M. Morris." Creation Research Society Quarterly 12.75-77.
Lammerts, Walter, and Howe, George. 1974. "Plant Succession Studies in Relation to Microevolution." Creation Research Society Quarterly 10:208-228.
Morris, Henry M. 1973. "Reply to Kofahl." Creation Research Society Quarterly 10:157-158.
. 1974. "Diversity of Opinions Found in Creationism." Creation Research Society Quarterly 11:173-175.
Morton, Glenn R. 1979. "Can the Canopy Hold Water?" Creation Research Society Quarterly 16:164-169.
. 1980. "The Warm Earth Fallacy." Creation Research Society Quarterly 17:40-41.
. 1982. "Fossil Succession." Creation Research Society Quarterly 19:90, 103-111.
. 1983. "The Flood on an Expanding Earth." Creation Research Society Quarterly 19:219-224.
Morton, Robert. 1980. "Prolegomena to the Study of the Sediments." Creation Research Society Quarterly 17:162-167.
Nevins, Stuart E. 1974. "Post-Flood Strata of the John Day Country, Northeastern Oregon." Creation Research Society Quarterly 10:191-204.
Newell, Norman D. 1982. Creation and Evolution: Myth or Reality? New York: Columbia University Press.
Olson, Edwin A. 1982. "Hidden Agenda Behind the Evolutionist/Creationist Debate." Christianity Today. April 23. 26:26-30.
Peacocke, Arthur R. 1979. Creation and the World of Science. Oxford, U.K.: Clarendon Press. Peterson, Everrett H. 1982. "Creation: Why and How?" Creation Research Society Quarterly 18:223-226, 243.
Ramm, Bernard. 1954. The Christian View of Science and Scripture. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. P. 23.
Riss, Richard. 1983. "Natural Selection and the Christian View of Redemption." Creation Research Society Quarterly 19:212-214.
Ruse, Michael. 1982. Darwinism Defended: A Guide to the Evolution Controversies. New York: Addison-Wesley.
Strickling, James E. 1978. "Peleg's Division." Creation Research Society Quarterly 15:159-160.
. 1980. "The Tower of Babel." Creation Research Society Quarterly 16:222-223.
Vawter, Bruce. 1983. "Creationism: Creative Misuse of the Bible." In Roland M. Frye (editor), Is God a Creationist? The Religious Case Against Creation-Science. New York: Scribners. Pp. 71-82.
Whitcomb, John C., and Morris, Henry M. 1961. The Genesis Flood: The Biblical Record and Its Scientific Implications. Nutley, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing Co.
White, A. J. Monty. 1975. "Comments on the Nature of Things Before the Fall." Creation Research Society Quarterly 12:124.
Wilder Smith, A. E. 1970. The Creation of Life. San Diego, CA: Master Books.
. 1980. Why Does God Allow It? San Diego, CA: Master Books.
. 1981. The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution. San Diego, CA: Master Books.
Young, Davis A. 1982. "Genesis: Neither More nor Less." Eternity. May. P. 14-21.


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January 17. 2014 11:47PM
Suspected meth lab found in Manchester hotel
By TIM BUCKLAND
New Hampshire Union Leader
— Employees who followed policy are credited with helping police and fire officials contain a suspected methamphetamine lab Friday evening at the La Quinta Inn & Suites on Front Street.
"They did a nice job recognizing there was an issue and calling the authorities," city police Sgt. Christopher Goodnow said. "They were very helpful and forthcoming with anything we needed there."
Lt. Todd Boucher said police were obtaining a search warrant for the room.
"We are investigating what we suspect to be a meth lab," Boucher said.
Goodnow said firefighters were able to remove dangerous materials from the room. Two employees were treated for what Goodnow said were not life-threatening injuries.
David Roedel, co-manager of the hotel's owner, Roedel Companies, said Friday night that a room had been reserved for two nights and, when the occupants asked for two more nights, employees entered the room to clean it and conduct a security check per the company's policy. They noticed an unusual odor and "hazardous materials" in the room and the hotel's general manager called the police and fire departments, he said.
"I give all the credit in the world to our professional staff," Roedel said. "Without them sticking to policy and procedures, this might have gone unnoticed for the duration of their stay."
Goodnow said no arrests have been made in connection to the hotel incident. He said two people were arrested on "unrelated" charges, but did not have their names as of Friday night.
Roedel said this is the first time he can remember an incident like Friday's happening at the hotel. He said the hotel remained open throughout the incident.

subset: commoncrawl


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Books should light up our lives—especially during the dark days of winter. Here are a few to pass along.
How I Got My Husband to Take Care of His Body (Even Though He Just Wants to Take Care of Me)
If it takes being a "controlling wife" to make my husband value his own health over his love for his family, I'm going to do it.
Six of the Top Ten U.S. Billionaires Are Kochs and Waltons
The profits of corporate giants that crash our economy and corrupt our politics deserve your outrage. But the efforts to curb them need your creative energy.
Getting Past a Knitting Freak Out: Why I Didn't Let My Daughter Quit
Stepping into the realm of creativity can be scary for little ones. But reward for sticking with it is the powerful feeling of making something beautiful with your own hands.
3 Ways Obamacare Will Help You Out (Even If You're Off the Grid)
Self-reliant farmer types may not think they need help from the government. But they need affordable health insurance at least as much as the rest of us.
Inequality for All: Documentary Antidote to "Elysium Economy"
From gated communities in outer space to graphs about who owns the wealth, two new films are giving Americans a window into the issue of income inequality
The Real Cost of Gold in the Philippines
We think of gold as a sign of prosperity, but the farmers and communities most affected by mining just want their rivers and land back.
Finding the Gold in "Tough" Neighborhoods
To transform economically and socially depressed areas into healthy, vibrant communities, we have to focus on their strengths and trust residents to solve their own problems.
The Radical Homemaker's Guide to Sex Talks
Living a happy life in love is the most important sexual education we can give our kids.
Want to Change the World (and Not Get Burnt Out)? Start with Your Neighborhood
Starting the process of change in a place you know well makes it more doable and fun.
When You've Built a Life of Joys, the Biggest Challenge Is Choosing
I've built a life filled with work I love. But the challenge of choosing among competing joys is very real.
Putting My Kids' Art in the Trash: How I Got Past the Guilt
It feels bad to throw away the crayon drawings and unfinished projects. But the memories stored there can never really be lost.
A Piazza on Every Block: How DIY Placemaking Is Transforming Communities
Americans who've enjoyed the vibrant public places of Europe and Latin America are bringing the idea back to the cities and towns of the U.S.
No Time for Volunteering? 4 Policies that Can Help
To truly encourage widespread volunteerism, we'd need to make sure that everyone (not just the well-to-do) have the time to do it.
How a "Dog Person" Learned to Love a Neighbor's Kid
I never expected to develop such a strong connection with another person's child. But once it happened, I had to learn how to let her go.
Joining a Rural Community: Why It Takes Years to Be Accepted
Country people have a reputation for viewing outsiders with skepticism. But it turns out they have good reasons for doing that.
It Takes Time: Why Sustainable Farming Can't Be Rushed
Maybe there's something deeper to the stereotype of old-school farmers as plodding, slow-moving people.


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Regalia & Ceremonies
The five banners displayed during academic processions represent the University, the Batten Honors College, and the three schools:
- Birdsong School of Social Science
- Joan P. Brock School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
- Susan S. Goode School of Arts and Humanities
The University mace
A mace, once designed for use as a tool of medieval warfare, has served in recent centuries as a symbol of authority and vitality by legislative bodies and institutions of higher education. In the latter context it becomes a ceremonial staff, bearing engraved images and words which represent distinguishing characteristics of the institution.
The Virginia Wesleyan University mace was created by goldsmith Suzannah Wagner of Ashland, Va., in consultation with a college committee coordinated by President William T. Greer, Jr. and the College marshal, Dr. William M. Jones. The cherry wood for the mace was harvested in southeastern Virginia in the 1930s and the base of the shaft contains grains of earth preserved from the original campus groundbreaking ceremony on July 18, 1965. Latin inscriptions on crystal panels evoke mind, body, spirit and community. Additional engravings on crystal and silver reflect agricultural, maritime and other regional symbols; the United Methodist cross and flame; and scenes of the campus.
Presidential Medallion
A symbol of the Office of the President of Virginia Wesleyan University, the four-inch sterling silver and blue enamel medallion utilizes the main design element of the official college seal, surrounded by four posts representing the campus landmark, the Frank E. Brown Campanile, or bell tower, and the four academic villages in the campus master plan. It hangs on a cloth ribbon in the college colors, blue and silver. The presidential medallion was first worn by William T. Greer, Jr., on occasion of his installation as third president of the College in April 1993.
Ceremonial Dress
The three academic degrees generally recognized are the bachelor's, master's and doctorate. The name of each degree seems to have been determined by medieval custom. The bachelor's degree, the baccalaureate, takes its name from the practice of referring to novices in trade guilds, knightly orders and universities as "bachelors." The master's degree was equivalent to a license to teach, and sometimes was followed by the express words licentia docendi. The doctorate degree derived from the habit of addressing scholars of great learning by the title "doctor." Today, of course, all three degrees are generally earned by following a prescribed course of academic study.
However, honorary degrees are granted for meritorious service and for distinction in public or private endeavor. In the medieval university, students and teachers wore gowns indicating their status and scholastic achievement. In 1895, an intercollegiate commission drafted a uniform code governing the use of academic caps, gowns and hoods in the United States. The vast majority of colleges and universities in the nation, including Virginia Wesleyan University, adhere to those guidelines.
Those holding the bachelor's degree wear a black gown distinguished by long pointed sleeves hanging to the knees. The master's gown, worn open, features even longer sleeves which are closed at the bottom. There are slits about midway for the arms. The doctorate gown has full-length lapels of velvet and bell-shaped sleeves with three horizontal velvet bars.
A hood may be worn with the gown and is made of the same material. Each hood is lined in silk with the colors of the institution which granted the degree. In the case of Virginia Wesleyan, for example, the colors are blue and white. The bachelor's hood is three feet long, with a two-inch strip of velvet. The master's hood is three and one-half feet long, faced with a three-inch velvet strip. The doctor's hood is four feet long, faced with a five-inch strip of velvet. The color of the velvet strip on the hood indicates the field of study in which the college degree was earned or granted, for example:
- Arts: White
- Social Welfare: Citron
- Fine Arts: Brown
- Business: Drab
- Science: Yellow
- Theology: Scarlet
- Education: Light Blue
- Philosophy: Blue
- Music: Pink
- Public Health: Salmon
- Library Science: Lemon Yellow
The appropriate cap for all degrees is the familiar "mortar board." A tassel, hanging to the left of the face, is also appropriate for all degrees. Holders of the doctoral degree may wear a soft velvet cap of the color indicating their field of study and a tassel of gold thread.
Founders Day Convocation
A tradition that serves to commemorate Virginia Wesleyan's past, honor the institution is founding, and recognize important individuals in the University's history. The inaugural Founders Day Convocation was held on September 8, 2016.
Spring Honors Convocation
The Spring Honors Convocation is held annually and recognizes those students who have excelled during the academic year. Academic departments take this opportunity to recognize outstanding students within their programs. In addition, a number of awards are presented from outside organizations, including Southern Bank and the Rotary Club of Town Center Virginia Beach.
In keeping with commencement exercises of American colleges and universities, a baccalaureate service is usually celebrated the Friday evening prior to commencement. With the intent of being inclusive and ecumenical, yet within the spirit of a traditional worship service, the University baccalaureate service is usually held inside a large church sanctuary. The service usually features a traditional liturgy, special music by either a choir or soloist, the singing of hymns and a sermon or an address by a guest preacher or the chaplain of the University. Students participate in the service, sharing in the annual prayer of Thanksgiving.As a tradition, graduating Virginia Wesleyan students, share in the tradition of "passing the light," whereby an outgoing member of the graduating class, "passes the light," to a representative of next years graduating class, while sharing words of wisdom and hope for the next graduating class.
An annual ceremony and reception held in honor of candidates for December graduation. The event is held on the last Sunday of the semester.
December Graduates' Recognition Ceremony and Reception
The December Graduate Reception is an annual reception held in recognition of potential December graduates. The special reception for potential graduates and their families is held in the midst of the fall examination period and prior to all final grades being submitted. Therefore, December graduates are actually certified later in December and early January with diplomas being ready for pick up by mid-January.
Faculty March
Each faculty member's placement on the list is determined by rank and length of service to Virginia Wesleyan. School Deans are listed first, followed by full professors by year in which they were promoted to that rank. If multiple full professors are appointed in the same year, then those individuals are ordered alphabetically. Professors are followed by Associate Professors, Assistant Professors and Instructors, respectively.


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The Silver City's congressman heard testimony on Tuesday that conflicted with news reports from home.
The Silver City's congressman heard testimony on Tuesday that conflicted with news reports from home.
He heard one witness say that things were going "OK" in the nation's fight against heroin addiction.
U.S. Rep. Joseph Kennedy III, D-Mass., disagreed.
To prove his point, he presented articles from the Taunton Daily Gazette about this city's struggle to slow a surge in heroin overdoses.
Ten Tauntonians have died from heroin overdoses so far this year, according to police.
Each story Kennedy's staffers provided shared a common thread — the Bay State, and specifically Bristol County, is far from adequately handling its heroin problem.
"I had four articles from the Taunton Gazette and one from the Globe about heroin and opiate abuse," Kennedy said after attending Tuesday's House Foreign Affairs Committee hearing on US-Mexico relations.
Kennedy pressed State Department officials on efforts to combat drug trafficking and increase cooperation to end the movement of drugs across the border, according to a press release from his office. He represents Massachusetts' 4th Congressional District, which includes Taunton.
Citing the rash of heroin overdoses sweeping the commonwealth since the start of 2014 — especially in Greater Taunton and the rest of Bristol County — Kennedy confronted Assistant Secretary William Brownfield from the State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs.
Kennedy asked Brownfield about the Merida Initiative, defined by Kennedy's office as "a diplomatic partnership between the United States and Mexico aimed at combating drug trafficking, organized crime, corruption and arms trafficking."
"Across Massachusetts, heroin overdoses are on the rise," Kennedy said at the hearing. "In my district specifically, Bristol County has been on the front lines of this painful epidemic. By the end of last month, the Taunton Police Department confirmed that over 140 heroin overdoses have occurred in the city in 2014 alone."
That number climbed to 144 after an overdose on Friday, according to Jennifer Bastille, Safe Neighborhood Initiative program advisor for the city's Department of Human Services.
"Equally concerning is the recent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration report that shows 12.3 percent of Massachusetts youth between the ages of 12 and 17 reported using illicit drugs within a month before the survey was conducted," Kennedy said. "Compare that to the national average of 9.8 percent."
Kennedy cited a 2011 report titled "Opioid Abuse: The Managed Care Perspective" prepared for Tufts Health Care Institute's Program on Opioid Risk. He said the social cost of opiate addiction, annually, is projected around $55.7 billion, between loss of productivity and the cost of addiction and treatment facilities, according the report.
"I've spoken with local leaders, health care providers, and law enforcement officials from Taunton, Fall River, and across Bristol County who stress two things driving this surge in overdose and addiction," Kennedy said. "First, the prevalence of prescription drug abuse that is often the root cause of opiate addiction. Four out of five heroin users started with prescription opioids before moving onto harder drugs. And second, a rash of incredibly cheap heroin flooding their streets, which makes it all the more tempting for the kid addicted to Oxy, often costing them up to $80 a pill, to make the transition to heroin, where a bag is going for as cheap as $7 today."
Kennedy started his time in office by sitting down with drug enforcement officials and ultimately traveling to Afghanistan to gain a broadened perspective on worldwide heroin trafficking. He recalls working as a prosecutor, before he ran for Congress, when he started making mental connections between the local drug trade and production scenarios thousands of miles away.
He looked into whether the majority of heroin flowing into southeastern Massachusetts originates from the Afghan poppy.
"Most of it, no," Kennedy said. "Most of it's coming from Mexico."
At Tuesday's hearing, Kennedy tried to pry below the surface of the drug trade crossing the country's southern border.
"At the hearing ... the angle I wanted to take was very much diving into the details (of) how it's brought into the U.S.," Kennedy said. "We are doing a lot, but we clearly need to be doing an awful lot more."
Kennedy said he's interested in international partnerships with Mexican police and the country's government.
"But as law enforcement would say, we're not going to arrest our way out of it," Kennedy said. "The foreign affairs aspect is a bit of a new piece and one we've been trying to dive into for quite some time. We're going to keep pushing for details."
Ultimately, Brownfield agreed Mexico plays a big part in New England's heroin epidemic.
"The U.S. is confronting a nationwide heroin crisis … and Mexico is very much a part of this issue," Brownfield said in response to Kennedy's inquiries.
Kennedy acknowledged the crisis knows no borders, and stretches far beyond his district.
"It's not something just being felt in Fall River and Taunton," Kennedy said. "We have to do a better job of trying to understand: What are the levers we can push and pull to get in front of this?"


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It was the strangest journey of my life and it always will be. I was looking for fictional characters I had invented, in a country I had never visited. The distant town of my imagination was Bukavu in Eastern Congo, known formerly as Costermansville and built in the early twentieth century by Belgian colonialists. It stands at the southern end of Lake Kivu, at 4,800 feet the highest and coolest of all Africa's Great Lakes. I had written my novel in a period when for personal reasons I had felt unable to leave England. Now, too late if my previous books were anything to go by, I was about to check its people and places against the reality.
But the novel isn't really set in Congo at all–or so I had almost persuaded myself by the time I began my journey. It's a romantic satire, for heaven's sake, written with both feet firmly off the ground. It's about Tony Blair's England, and good old-fashioned colonial exploitation, and political hypocrisy and shameless public lies, and other scores I had to settle. It's about the quest for identity in our multiethnic society, and New Labour's assault on our civil liberties, and a bunch of other similarly lofty themes. Congo is just backcloth, an abstraction, a symbol of perpetual colonial exploitation, slaughter, famine and disorder. To meet it face to face would only violate the delicate illusion!–or so I had tried to believe.
The only problem was that, well before I had added the last full stop to the first draft, Congo had become the elephant in my drawing room, and no amount of literary sophistry was going to make it disappear. My central character was the son of an erring Irish missionary and a Congolese headman's daughter. He had been dragged up in a bleak English boarding school, and he and I could get along fine. I had no quarrel with him. But when it came to my three Congolese warlords, each one some sort of standard-bearer of the militia or social faction that had spawned him, I had doubts. Neither my researches, nor my furtive lunches with Congolese expatriates, had reassured me that these characters could survive in the real world. If my visit to Bukavu did not deliver their likely counterparts–by which I mean, verify their attitudes and beliefs–I might be forced to look for other ways to tell the story, such as writing it again from scratch.
In Belgian colonial memory, as in my novelist's fantasy, Bukavu was a lost paradise, a misted Shangri-La of wide, bougainvillea-laden streets and lakeside villas with lush gardens sloping to the shore. The province of South Kivu was to Central Africa what biblical Palestine was to Arabia. The volcanic soil of the surrounding hillsides was so fertile, the climate so benign, that there was scarcely a fruit, flower or vegetable that didn't thrive there. But Eastern Congo has like every paradise a fatal flaw: It is a natural treasure chest of gold, diamonds, cassiterite and now coltan and uranium, which for centuries has lured every known species of human predator to its misted hills and jungles, from freebooting Rwandan militias to suited corporate carpetbaggers with nice manners and fat checkbooks and shiny offices in London, Houston, St. Petersburg and Beijing.


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Reviewed by Aaron C. (age 7)
Martha Blah Blah was amazing because Martha spoke weird words and it's funny because it's ridiculous when a dog is talking! This book reminded me of my brother Nat because when I talk to him, he speaks weird words too. Martha Blah Blah was unique because it was the first book I read that a dog can talk and never misses a meal because she likes alphabet soup so much. I also learned to never break your promise because you can be in big trouble.
I would recommend this funny book to people who like dogs. It's an entertaining book and if you are greedy, it will teach you to not be greedy.


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A bad case of food poisoning can make you feel like you are dying. The nausea and diarrhea are often accompanied by stomach cramps and dehydration.
Food poisoning occurs more than you might think. Anna Ingenneri recalled her horrible experience with a bout of food poisoning.
"Oh I wanted to die. You just want it to end," she said.
According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, close to 200,000 Americans get food poisoning every day. Some estimates put that number as high as 800,000.
But what really causes food poisoning?
"Any kind of bacteria that tends to stay on food and when you ingest it, it's what we call oral fecal. In other words you find it in the stool," explained Dr. Debra Williams with Madison County Health Department.
There is probably only one way to assure you don't get food poisoning and that is to stop eating altogether. Since that is not an option, let's take a look at some of the common causes of food borne illness.
The first and probably least surprising one is eggs. The incredible edible egg can be incredibly contaminated with salmonella. Food poisoning linked to eggs sickens about 660,000 people every year, killing 300.
"Almost all eggs will have some salmonella that is why it is recommended you cook them thoroughly and make sure you don't have those nice over easy eggs that could be infectious," said Dr. Williamson.
Pasteurization has greatly reduced the rate of salmonella in eggs. To reduce your risk for food poisoning, at the supermarket, check the carton. Look for the word pasteurized and the expiration date. Remove each egg and check for cracks, which is how germs get in.
The next culprit is chicken and one of the biggest food poisoning dangers comes when we prepare chicken to cook at home. Chicken juices can go through a kitchen and contaminate things you never thought about being contaminated.
Next we're talking turkey. A USDA survey found that more than one in four turkeys contains listeria. 24 percent came back positive for salmonella.
If ground beef is what's for dinner, find a supermarket that sells irradiated ground beef. It will be written on the package. It means it's been nuked to kill off harmful bacteria.
Next on our list of dirtiest foods is prepackaged lettuce. It can contain e coli. Just because it claims to be triple washed, it doesn't mean it's bacteria free. Unfortunately even with taking every precaution, you could still end up with a nasty case of food poisoning that can last up to 48 hours.
Dr. Tim Howard said there are some things you can do to lessen the effects.
"The biggest things I tell patients all the time is clear liquids. That's sprite, ginger ale, 7Up and Gatorade," suggested Howard.
One of the biggest questions patients with food poisoning have is when should you go to the doctor as opposed to waiting it out.
"If you become dehydrated, you need to go to the doctor," said Dr. Howard. "Almost all of the pathogens will cause bloody diarrhea. If you have bloody diarrhea, you need to go to the doctor."
In Anna's case she was able to wait hers out.
"Oh my God, it lasted about eight hours, but you are wasted for the rest of the day," she said.
Copyright 2011 WAFF. All rights reserved.


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Marston: Mitchell didn't change the world all by himself
Last month's passing of George Mitchell, Texas energy icon and father of the nation's first planned sustainable community, The Woodlands, provided a poignant reminder of the impact that one smart, talented and determined entrepreneur can make on his industry, community and country. It was also a reminder that even brilliant, renegade wildcatters who change the world often do so with help from the government.
Mitchell lived the classic American tale. He was the son of a Greek immigrant who provided for his family with a shoe shine business. He was a brilliant engineer who helped pioneer energy exploration. He was doggedly determined, often taking remarkable risks when others in his industry refused. And he reaped huge financial returns on those risks, becoming one of the most iconic American energy billionaires.
Through their foundation and other philanthropic endeavors, he and his wife, Cynthia, were remarkably generous with their wealth. They gave millions to causes - including the Environmental Defense Fund - in their hometown, across Texas and nationally.
Without question, Mitchell changed the world. But contrary to how some anti-government leaders in Washington think industry works, he didn't change it alone. The federal government helped. Mitchell would no doubt have been a successful businessman without a lick of government support - but his two most iconic legacies were direct results of government-supported initiatives and funding.
The Woodlands, his master-developed community north of Houston, was launched with a $50 million U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-backed loan. Today, the community is home to around 100,000 people, all of whom might have a different hometown if not for what some in Washington and Texas would now call a government handout.
Perhaps he could have spent his personal fortune experimenting with a new natural gas exploration method called "hydraulic fracturing," or "fracking." But 20 years ago, Mitchell didn't yet have the $3 billion his gas business would eventually earn. So in addition to his and his investors' capital, he used federal tax credits and research funding for what, at the time, would surely have been categorized as "alternative energy."
There are many other George Mitchells out there today. Men and women with great ideas that some people would consider long shots, but that might someday change the energy industry. In fact, one of the reasons Mitchell relied on government research funding for his work was because no one in the gas industry was willing to bet on his long shot.
Why is it that the very kind of research and investments that made George Mitchell a visionary and an energy legend are now vilified as frivolous handouts?
Past generations of leaders - Democrats and Republicans alike - recognized that the government has a role in nurturing and advancing innovative American ideas that could have a lasting, positive effect on our country's economy and the whole of society. Too many politicians in Washington have become shortsighted and forgotten the long-term, resonating impact that basic government research can have on private industry. Landmark innovations we couldn't have imagined in the past, like GPS and the Internet, were a product of government-funded research. Where would the economy be without these innovations?
Today, it's hard for politicians to see beyond the next fundraiser, campaign rally or election. Too often, they play to the ideologues and condemn the specter of "big government" without considering our history - or our future.
The nation's innovators know that persistence is the only way to overcome the challenges facing the nation. I think George Mitchell would agree that government should be an ally to America's fledgling energy innovators. It took decades of investment and perseverance to transform shale drilling from "alternative energy" to a game changer in the international energy landscape. If we don't invest in clean energy now, we risk falling behind for good.
Marston is vice president of the Environmental Defense Fund's U.S. Climate and Energy Program.


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Electric ninth ends in Nats' first walk-off of '13
WASHINGTON -- For much of this season, the Nationals have looked like a team struggling to stay afloat. They entered Tuesday's game after dipping below the .500 mark, a preseason World Series favorite floundering two months into the season.
Perhaps this was the night that will change all of that.View Full Game Coverage
WASHINGTON -- For much of this season, the Nationals have looked like a team struggling to stay afloat. They entered Tuesday's game after dipping below the .500 mark, a preseason World Series favorite floundering two months into the season.
Perhaps this was the night that will change all of that.View Full Game Coverage
It wasn't simply that the Nationals beat the Mets, 3-2, at Nationals Park on Tuesday night. It was how they won. After mustering only four hits in eight innings, the Nats pounced on Mets closer Bobby Parnell, loaded the bases and won in walk-off fashion for the first time this season.
After fouling off three straight fastballs, Steve Lombardozzi hit a sacrifice fly to left field. Adam LaRoche tagged at third base and headed home. As he crossed the plate, the Nationals streamed from the dugout, led by outfielder Jayson Werth, who returned to the lineup Tuesday after missing the past 28 games with a strained right hamstring.
"[This] is what it's all about," Werth said. "That's why you play, for those moments right there."
The Nationals trailed, 2-1, and were down to their last three outs when Ryan Zimmerman smacked a double to deep center field and advanced to third on a wild pitch by Parnell. LaRoche singled to right to score Zimmerman and tie the game, and Ian Desmond also doubled to put runners on second and third.
The Mets intentionally walked Roger Bernadina to load the bases and set the table for Lombardozzi, who battled through eight pitches before sending the ninth to left field, bringing home the game-winner.
"I love being up with the guys in scoring position," Lombardozzi said. "That was my first walk-off, personally, so that was pretty neat. Those are the situations you dream of."
The Nats likely would not have even been in a position to come back at all had it not been for another stellar outing by right-handed starter Jordan Zimmermann. Zimmermann has emerged as the Nationals' most reliable starter this season, and that trend continued on Tuesday. He allowed just two unearned runs in an error-laden fifth inning, struck out four batters and walked just one.
Zimmermann threw 101 pitches, including 71 strikes, but didn't get enough early run support to pick up his ninth win of the season. After a win like that, however, he didn't seem to mind.
"It was a huge win," Zimmermann said. "Everyone was down a little bit from the last road trip, if we would have dropped this one, it would've been a heartbreaker. We got it when we needed one."
The Nationals collected just one hit in the first four innings against Mets right-hander Jeremy Hefner, who entered the game with 1-5 record and 4.74 ERA, but they made that hit count. With one out in the second inning, Desmond smashed a solo home run to left field to give the Nationals a 1-0 lead.
Zimmermann showed good command of his fastball and was cruising until the fifth inning. After retiring five straight batters, the Nats' righty ran to cover first base on a slow roller by Jordany Valdespin and dropped the flip from LaRoche.
LaRoche made matters worse in the next at-bat of the inning, when his throw to second base pulled Desmond off the bag and allowed both Valdespin and Rick Ankiel to reach base. LaRoche was charged with the error, his fourth of the season.
After Hefner advanced the runners with a sacrifice bunt, leadoff man Omar Quintanilla smoked a two-out, two-RBI triple into the right-field corner to give the Mets a 2-1 lead. Both runs were unearned.
"Typical ballgame where we didn't get much going, we didn't swing the bats, and then got some big hits late," manager Davey Johnson said. "That was a good key. Maybe that'll get us going."
The Nationals made an offensive push in the sixth. Denard Span hit a sharp grounder to the left side of the infield, where Quintanilla scooped up the ball but didn't have the arm strength to throw Span out.
Werth followed with a single to center, his first hit since coming off the disabled list earlier in the day, and LaRoche drew a two-out walk. With two outs and the bases loaded, Desmond grounded to third to end the inning.
"You have to have a lot of faith in yourself and you have to have a lot of faith, period," Desmond said. "That's what we have to keep on telling ourselves, is that we're going to have opportunities and you've just got to keep on moving forward."
Hefner retired the Nationals in order in the seventh before exiting the game with one earned run and seven strikeouts. Brandon Lyon followed suit in the eighth, inducing two flyouts and striking out Werth, before Parnell came on for the ninth. It was shaping up to be another tough loss.
Then Zimmerman stepped into the batter's box.
"That's the best thing about this team: I don't think we really panic," Zimmerman said. "There's a difference between panicking and doing the things the right way that we can. Everyone is going to go through periods where you don't play good. But I think everyone here knows it's been too long of a period."
After losing four of their past five games on the road, the Nationals returned home Tuesday as a team in transition. In a flurry of moves before the game, three players -- Danny Espinosa, Zach Duke and Henry Rodriguez -- cleaned out their lockers before Tuesday's series-opener against the Mets. Two others -- top prospect Anthony Rendon and left-hander Ian Krol -- arrived from the Minor Leagues. And Werth finally returned to the lineup with a presumably healthy hamstring.
General manager Mike Rizzo said that the Nationals didn't make those changes to jolt the lineup. But as the team rushed onto the field after a much-needed win, it seemed like that's exactly what happened.
"This room is full of gamers. Gamers get out, too. It's just a matter of time," Desmond said. "I'd rather it be early in the season than late in the season, I've said that before. But like I've said, we're getting better, we're getting better every day and we've just got to keep playing our type of baseball and things like this will happen more often."
Tom Schad is an associate reporter for MLB.com.


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Q: Let me preface this by saying I do not own a gorgeous mid-century home, even though it is a dream of mine. I am, however, drawn to the aesthetic and have an outdoor area that needs help. You're always good at finding an inspiring photo. Would you happen to have some inspiration that might help me create my very own piece of mid-century modern, albeit on my back terrace? The area is not huge and we would primarily like to use it for lounging and entertaining. I realize I've left this a little late in the season, but everything is on sale and if I don't do it this year, there's always next year.
Thank you, Dana.
A: I, too, dream of living in a mid-century bungalow, and I've decorated it a couple of times over in my mind.
I hope today's photo inspires you as much as it does me. This is a pool house in Los Angeles (naturally), designed collaboratively by Bruce Bolander and Jamie Bush & Co. If you're drawn to modern things, wait until you check out their websites. You will salivate over every photo as I have.
That said, there is no reason you can't take inspiration from this photo and transform your terrace into an equally design-savvy space.
The key is to keep it really clean and simple. Notice how every piece of furniture or planter might come across as underwhelming on its own, but when grouped together, they appear to be the height of timeless sophistication. If you told me to guess if this photo was taken in 1953, 2003 or yesterday, I wouldn't be able to. It is that timeless.
A good starting point for you, Dana, would obviously be seating. I love this built-in sectional seating area. It looks to have drawers underneath to store the cushions, which I deem brilliant. If I were you I would consider going the custom route so that you get the exact piece you require and the ability to add a nifty feature like a cushion drawer. Alternatively, check out Jardin de Ville's line of outdoor furniture and choose a comfortable clean-lined sectional.
Custom outdoor cushions can easily be sourced from your neighbourhood upholsterer and most of them have Sunbrella fabrics to choose from.
The ceramic cylinder planter in the wooden base beside the sectional is new and from a company called Modernica. When I went to their website, I noticed they were on sale. (Get me one, too, would you please?). This is a typical 1950s design and when accessorizing your terrace I encourage you to look for things that look authentically mid-century.
The wicker chairs are vintage Italian and the small round table is African. There's no denying that both are exquisite; look around for pieces that are interesting and you'll find them. Don't fall into the trap of buying everything on sale at a big box store just because it's on clearance.
The orange jute rug is from West Elm (I love high/low decor) and they currently have at least three side tables I would be comfortable with you substituting for the African table, pictured. Ten Thousand Villages is also worth taking a look at. I have more than once found an interesting item there to fit into the mix -it supports fair trade.
For additional seating, I would put a couple of floor cushions around the coffee table area.
Your colour choices should be in keeping with the era you wish to emulate. The yellow and orange in the photo to the left provide a really strong anchor to this outdoor room, and I love that the two potted plants pick up on the yellow. Don't think that was accidental, Dana.
You wrote me wanting inspiration for a mid-century-inspired terrace, and I absolutely think this photo takes all the best of the era without looking kitschy. With the choices available to you, you should easily be able to achieve a look very similar to this.
Now to figure out your theme cocktail.
Send your design question to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Surprise, shock, horror - today is my last post!
Photos: Matt Lord Photogrphy for Coastal Style
Thanks Melissa for all the inspiration - I have really ejoyed reading your daily posts with my morning cup of coffee!
Thanks Melissah, reading your posts has been part of my morning ritual for the last few years. Always inspiring, always engaging. Best wishes for the future.
Sorry to hear you're leaving Melissah, but completely understand! Your daily posts have provided me with some wonderful inspiration and ideas and I will certainly continue to check out your Pinterest boards.
Thanks again ... onward and upward! lol
Thanks Lesley for all your comments & enthusiasm over the years!
Best wishes Melissah. I hope you get to lounge around on your beautiful shores a lot more often now. Blogging takes so much more work than people realize. I just reached the 10 year mark. But I only post once every month or two. I used to blog daily. Instagram has become my social media home it seems. I do not have FB, Pinterest, twitter, snapchat, etc. so I spend more time in our gardens and on the water. Peace and love to you in 2017!
Thanks Kerrie for all your beautiful comments over the years!
x Melissah
good bloog post
The place look exotic. i wish to go there with my friends and spend some moment in peace. thanks for sharing we will be looking for more such posts in future soon..
I will miss your blog. It always kept me inspired to one day have my own beach house to decorate. You've posted so many lovely houses and pretty views.
I will really miss your blog. It's been great to follow. Thanks for sharing all these years and all the best for the future.
Loved reading your posts every morning way up here in Canada...very inspiring...all the best into the future and keep enjoying your place at the beach...George
I'll miss my daily fix of all things beaut and coastal, but wish you well and hope you enjoy all that extra time in your day. I save all my favourite posts so I might have to revisit some..... :)
Thank you so much for all the inspiration, especially welcome here in grey, wet England. You've been my ray of sunshine. Good luck on your new adventures, I will miss you xx
I'll miss your lovely posts. Thank you for all your hard work. Enjoy your beautiful home.
Hi Melissah, thanks for all your lovely posts. They really inspired me all the time. I wish you all the best and always good luck. Biggi Bauer from Germany
Nashville Tennessee will miss u! Thnx for the inspiration from all over the globe! Can't someone just pretend to be u and continue posting!? Ha!
Thanks for your blog, I visit every day getting inspiration for both our house and our boat. Will miss it :(
Dear Melissa,
Your blog page was a permanent tab on my I-pad that I read every day, often on the train to work. It was sunny and happy and inspiring. I built a beach house at Phillip island and often thought about sending you some photos as you showcase Australian houses so well.
Enjoy your new direction and thank you for the lovely lift you gave so many of us.
Oh Melissah.... I'm so said... your blog is one of my favourites.... Like others said your daily post was the first thing I read on the web every day. THANK YOU SO MUCH for all your inspiration, it seems to me a joke of destiny 'cause I've started blogging thank to your example and talked about your style last friday.... I wish to you only beautiful things and happy moments!
I will miss your eye for beautiful places and interiors. Enjoy this new season of life!
Thank you so much. Your blog was always a lovely view of a world that sometimes otherwise wasn't so beautiful. I will miss it immensely and wish you and your husband safe and satisfying travels.
I have loved your blog and the beautiful homes (and outfits) you post!
I actually shed a tear when I read that you are leaving your wonderful blog. It was a highlight of my day to sit down after teaching, being mommy, making dinner, tutoring and occasionally taking on a decorating client to peek into your world. Your blog made me happier, and I always clicked away with a fuller heart. Thank you for the images you curated each and every day. I hope you will leave your pages up indefinitely as I always liked to view your older posts whenever I needed some inspiration or even just a rush or prettiness. Thank you for taking the time to curate all these pages. Even though we are a world away (I am in Canada) I feel like you are a friend. Best of luck! I hope one day you will be back.
This Oklahoma resident and owner of Texas Gulf Coast beach property will miss your blog immensely! Reading your blog has been one of the highlights of my week while dreaming of our future beach house. You have always had impeccable taste with your choice of homes featured and beautiful outfits to match. I am already feeling lost knowing that future coastal style blog entries will no longer be a part of my week. But I'm happy to know you will be living life to fullest and wishing you the best in all your endeavors. Thank you for the generous gift of your time creating a blog so that we may all enjoy the beauty of costal living.
Will really miss your beautiful posts but I wish you all the best in this next season of your life!! Thank you!
From France, I wish you to enjoy day after day. Thank you for allowing me to read an elegant costal style blog. Bye Melissa, your choice is right. Life is worth being lived totally.
Thanks Melissa for all of your inspiration. I hope my coastal home will look as beautiful as yours does. Enjoy the next chapter xxx
From Germany, I will really miss your bog and all your good Beach house inspirations.
I wish you all the best for your next chapter in life.
Thank you1
Thank you for your inspiring posts,i will miss you. Wish you all the best.
Greetings from the south of Germany.
I have just moved into my beach house across the bay and discovering your blog a couple of months ago was an inspiration and such a treat. You have great skill and passion and I'm sure that this new chapter will be awesome for you. Thankyou Melissa and heartfelt best wishes to you and yours. from Jo- Ann
I will miss your beautiful and inspiring posts! Your blog is one of my favourites and i hope one day you will be back. Best wishes
I am fairly new to your blog but have read right back through the archives and loved every article. I will miss my daily coastal fix but am going to go right back and read your posts all over again. Enjoy spending more time at the beach and who can blame you for following your dreams.
At first I thought "oh no, she's selling her beautiful home" but as I read on I found the news was much worse :-( Thank you for your wonderful blog, I hope you'll keep it up for a while? It is the inspiration for my future beach home up in Lennox Head NSW. Enjoy your new freedom, carpe diem! x
Thanks for all your colourful pictures that often made my day - especially the yellow ones.
All the best from Germany,


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2008 Isuzu i-370 Values
Select a 2008 Isuzu i-370 trim level
2008 model year changes
For 2008, the Isuzu i-290 pickup has increased towing capacity to 2,200 pounds and the i-370's tow rating moves up to 5,000 pounds. The i-370 now comes with a sliding rear window, and both models add Cool Slate Metallic to the color chart.
Competitive comparison
Value pricing; General Motors dependability; compact size.
Special features for 2008
The Isuzu brand continues to be a leader in value. Two engine choices, front- and rear-wheel drive, and both extended and crew cab body styles mean Isuzu's i-Series has broad appeal. It is distinctively styled and sports a heavy-duty suspension that can handle real-world pickup applications. The drivetrain warranty bests most other competitors, as well, at seven years or 75,000 miles.
The 2008 Isuzu i-370 is a versatile and capable pick-up truck offered in Extended Cab and Crew Cab body styles with your choice of 2WD or 4WD depending on the configuration. Both models offer seating capacity for up to four passengers. Under the hood, the i-370 comes equipped with a 242 horsepower 3.7-liter inline 5-cylinder mated to a 4-speed overdrive-enabled automatic transmission as standard. Standard features include front/side-body/side-head airbags, ABS brakes, auto on/off headlights, daytime running lights, traction control, air, cruise and keyless entry.


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Thursday, December 6, 11:25 a.m.
The meeting proceeded with a general discussion period on the
previous presentations.
Non-Leisure versus Leisure Time Activity
During the All-Cause Mortality presentation Dr. Lee introduced the concept
of different domains of physical activity such as occupational, transportation,
leisure time with little mention of non-leisure time activities. Dr. Lee
indicated most of the earlier studies looked at leisure time activities;
however, later studies have looked at more non-leisure activities. While it is
important to review different modes of activity the bottom-line focus should be
on total volume of physical activity.
Observational Studies
Many of the studies sited during the previous presentations were
observational studies using self-report instruments and not objective
measurement systems. The fact that a majority of the studies that will be
available are observational self-report studies emphasizes the need to adhere to
the science in terms of guiding what will be used for making recommendations and
policy statements from self-report data. It will be essential that the issue of
reliance on self-report data and controlled studies be addressed in the
Committee's report.
Dr. Yancey posed the question whether any of the studies sited previously
reported race ethnicity and did any do any subgroup analyses by race? Dr. Lee
indicated the majority of the studies in her area from Europe did not report
race while many U.S. population studies did report on race. Many of the studies
outside of the U.S. tended to be similarly in nature (i.e., Puerto Rico – mainly
Hispanic, Japan – mainly Asian). In terms of African Americans, there does not
seem to be any one study that specifically focused on that group. Many of the
other studies in the earlier presentations where similar in the way race was
dealt with. While there is not a lot of data along racial lines it would be
beneficial to report what can concluded on race in the special populations
section of the Committee report.
Measurement of Physical Activity
Much discussion centered on different means and methods for capturing and
measuring physical activity and the difficulties in comparing studies using
different methodologies and criteria. It will be appropriate for all Committee
members to discuss these complications; however it will also be outlined in
general in an introductory section of the Committee report.
<< Metabolic Health Subcommittee Report
Table of Contents
Musculoskeletal Health Subcommittee Report >>
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Last updated: 10/23/2018
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Considering he only had six career regular-season fighting majors in the NHL when he arrived with the Bruins this season, and he hadn't recorded a fight since November 2007, Nathan Horton wasn't expected to bring much punch beyond his offensive contributions to the Bruins.
Well, during his first season in black and gold he turned those expectations right on their head with seven fighting majors during the regular season and one more in the playoffs. Horton's first year in a traditional hockey market brought out the "old-time hockey" player in him.
Someone with such a short resume of fights, however, doesn't usually show up on a year-end list of the best brawls. But today Greg Wyshynski of Yahoo! Sports revealed his top 10 fights of 2010-11 from the NHL and beyond, and ranked at No. 10 was Horton throwing down with Ottawa's Zack Smith late in the season.
About the bout, Wyshynski writes:
This fight was memorable for a few reasons: The sense of danger as Horton decided to fight just days before the playoffs started; the wonderful fight-calling of Jack Edwards; and the fact it was a pretty good scrap.
Considering Horton now has a head-injury history thanks to Aaron Rome's high hit in Game 3 of the Stanley Cup Final, here's hoping the Bruins forward tones down his act a bit. But at least for a season, we were able to enjoy Horton's expression of what a power forward should be in the modern-day NHL, and obviously those from outside of Boston appreciated his performance as well.


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Eight file for soon-to-be crowded Elgin council race
One former councilman, one incumbent, one second-time candidate and two newcomers will be at the top of the ballot in the race for Elgin City Council. All five residents had their candidate petitions ready by 8 a.m. Monday to turn into Elgin City Clerk Kimberly Dewis, who will draw names for the ballot order Nov. 28.
Two other incumbents and another newcomer filed later in the day.
The Elgin City Council race is expected to be a crowded one. Candidates have until 5 p.m. Nov. 26 to file their petitions, which must include 73 signatures. Their names will be placed on the ballot in the order in which their petitions were submitted.
Among the crack-of-dawn filers, Terry Gavin, who was elected to the council in 1995 but lost re-election in 1999, is throwing his hat back into the ring. Gavin said there is a lack of taxpayer representation on the current council.
"They're moving forward with their own agenda, which is to increase the size of government," Gavin said.
Rosemarie Kahn and Mitchell Esterino are first-time council candidates. Kahn is an AT&T analyst who lives in the Providence neighborhood. She said she decided to run to represent the west side, where no current council member lives.
Esterino, a sales manager of office supplies, has been involved with volunteer work and served as a block captain downtown. His desire to step up that service motivated his run for the council.
Tom McCarthy, a limo driver, made his first bid for city government in 2011, when Anna Moeller and Tish Powell were elected to the council. He is the only candidate on the Cook County end of town, so far.
There are four, 4-year seats open and one, 2-year seat -- McCarthy was the only candidate to file for the two-year seat first thing Monday morning, meaning his name will be at the top of the ballot for that office.
Micheal DeBrocke, a member of the 2002-2003 Elgin Area Leadership Academy class offered by the Elgin Area Chamber of Commerce, was the only other candidate to file for the shorter term Monday, turning in his petition packet later in the day.
Councilmen Richard Dunne, Robert Gilliam and John Prigge are all up for re-election. Elgin's 2010 Census count necessitates adding two new members to the council, which is why five positions are open. Dunne was the only incumbent to file first thing Monday morning, and he did so through his wife Judy as he continues work with FEMA in New York City after Hurricane Sandy.
Prigge and Gilliam both turned in their petition packets Monday, too, but not early enough to be in the lottery for the top spot on the ballot.
According to Dewis, 20 residents have picked up petitions from her office. If 17 file for the 4-year spots, it will trigger a primary election to be held Feb. 26. If five candidates file for the 2-year spot, that office will also need a primary.
The general election is scheduled for April 9.


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Live in Richmond's only waterfront community. Ora marks the gateway to the new Oval Village with three towers ranging from 11-14 stories. This 1 bedroom home located on the 6th floor in Tower 1 and faces East. This home has ample storage space and is complimented with a balcony accessible from both the living and master bedroom. Living at Ora offers many ways to enjoy indoor/outdoor activities. You are within walking distance from the rejuvenated dyke trails and the Olympic Oval, not to mention exclusive to owners, Ora's own 42,000 sq ft Wellness Centre! Built by award winning Onni Group
Trademarks owned or controlled by The Canadian Real Estate Association. Used under license.
The information provided herein must only be used by consumers that have a bona fide interest in the purchase, sale or lease of real estate and may not be used for any commercial purpose or any other purpose.
Information is deemed reliable but is not guaranteed accurate by TREB.
Toronto Real Estate Board - IDX Last Updated: 10/21/2018 6:35:22 PM


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The Fan Appreciation Night of Champions Event is on at 7PM at Speedway 660. The pit gate opens for race teams at 1:30 this afternoon. The grandstands open at 5PM and the ONTRACK autograph session starts at 5:30.
Hanwell Village Mart Bandolero and Four-Cylinder Division heat races begin at approximately 6:30. Heat races in the other divisions begin at 7PM.
Fans will see racing in the AL Gullison Disaster Kleenup Pro Stocks, Martins Home Heating Sportsman, RV World Street Stocks, Hanwell Village Mart Bandoleros and 4 Cylinders.
Ticket Prices:
Adults (16 and over) $12.00
Youth (ages 9-15) $9.00
Children (ages 8 and under) FREE
Family Pass (2 Adults, 2 Youth, 4 pop + 4 fries) $35.00


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LOS ANGELES (AP) — William Shatner is getting a new Priceline commercial co-star: Kaley Cuoco of CBS' "The Big Bang Theory."
In an upcoming campaign for the online travel services company, Shatner's Negotiator reveals he has a daughter, played by Cuoco. She's been schooled since childhood in the art of — what else? — deal-making, and now is ready to join dad in pitching Priceline.
Cuoco, 27, said the 81-year-old Shatner has made Priceline "cool," but the company wanted to update its message for younger consumers.
The actors taped a pair of spots for the ad campaign that begins Jan. 14, with plans for two more commercials to be shot this summer, Cuoco said. The first spot is available on YouTube starting Wednesday.
She and Shatner turned out to be a good comedic match and had "way too much fun" making the spots, Cuoco said. Shatner returned the compliment, calling her "quite a talent."
Then there's that connection between Shatner's "Star Trek" history and Cuoco's role on the geekfest sitcom "Big Bang Theory."
"The nerdy factor, the Trekkie stuff, it goes with 'Big Bang' and it all worked together," she said.


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LocationWinston Salem
6725 University Parkway
Winston Salem, NC 27045
Used 2017 Grand Design Reflection 337RLS
Step inside this Reflection fifth wheel model 337RLS by Grand Design and be pleasantly surprised by what you find inside. You will enjoy all the comforts of home in a convenient rear living layout.
You will love the dual opposing slides in the main living area of this unit which creates a wide open feel with plenty of walking around space. Just to the left of the entry door notice the booth dinette or optional free standing dinette shown, plus theatre seating with storage above and cup holders for two. A hutch with overhead storage is located straight in from the main entry door. The slide on the opposite side of the room features an 8 cu. ft. refrigerator or choose a 12 cu. ft. option, a food pantry, and three burner range with convection microwave above. This slide also features a 40" TV, and an entertainment center with fireplace below.
The rear wall provides added seating and sleeping space with a tri-fold sofa including overhead cabinets above. There is a center island with a large kitchen sink, and plenty of counter space too.
Step up to a side aisle bath with a toilet, sink, fiberglass shower with skylight, and a linen cabinet.
The front bedroom features a queen bed slide or choose a king bed option, dresser, TV prep, front wardrobe with sliding doors including washer/dryer prepped space, plus so much more!
You are sure to enjoy the exterior unobstructed pass-through storage, two awnings, and all-in-one docking station.
I just wanted to thank Jamie, Wells and Brandon on my father's recent camper purchase. As they were for me last year, friendly, respectful and courteous to Dad's needs. These are three great guys that have been a pleasure to deal with. Keep up the good work.
Chris - Chris from Moncks Corner, SC
Stock# 12439P
|35 ft 6 in
|Ext Height
|12 ft 6 in
|Hitch Weight
|2090 lbs
|Gross Weight
|13995 lbs
|Dry Weight
|10570 lbs
|Fresh Water Capacity
|60 gals
|Grey Water Capacity
|75 gals
|Black Water Capacity
|43 gals
|Furnace BTU
|40000 btu
|Available Beds
|Refrigerator Type
|Double Door
|Refrigerator Size
|8 cu ft
|Convection Cooking
|Cooktop Burners
|Shower Size
|30" x 48" in
|Number of Awnings
|LP Tank Capacity
|30 lbs.
|Water Heater Capacity
|6 gal.
|15000 btu
|TV Info
|Awning Info
|Washer/Dryer Available
|Number of LP Tanks
Bill Plemmons RV is not responsible for any misprints, typos, or errors found in our website pages. Any price listed excludes sales tax, registration tags, and delivery fees. Manufacturer-provided pictures, specifications and features may be used as needed. Inventory shown may be only a partial listing of the entire inventory. Please contact us at 888-746-2351 for availability as our inventory changes rapidly. All calculated payments are an estimate only and do not constitute a commitment that financing or a specific interest rate or term is available.