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Silvana Andreescu
Egon Matijević Chair of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University
Phone: 315-268 2394; Fax: 315-268 6610
Educational Background
NATO-NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship, State University of New York at Binghamton
Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Perpignan, France and University of Bucharest, Romania
MS Biosensors, University of Bucharest, Romania
BS Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
- Million Dollar Club, Clarkson University, 2012
- John W. Graham Jr. Faculty Research Award, Clarkson University, 2011
- NSF-CAREER award, National Science Foundation (NSF), 2010
- Invited professor, Technological Institute, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France, 2007
- NSF-NATO postdoctoral fellowship award, NSF, 2003–2004
- EGIDE-CNRS Research Scholarship: Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, France, 2002
- European Community, BIOSET Collaboration Program: Environment and Climate, 2000
- BGF - French Government Doctoral Scholarship, Bourse de Recherche-Cotutelle: Centre de Phytopharmacie, University of Perpignan, Perpignan, France, 1999–2002
- Doctoral Scholarship:University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Romania, 1999–2002
- European Community, TEMPUS-MS fellowship: Biosensors for Environmental Control, 1998
Research Interests
Analytical and bio-analytical chemistry, biosensors, biomaterials and bio-nanotechnology:
Fundamental research on biointerfaces, bioimmobilization and biomolecular recognition
Bioelectrochemistry and fundamental studies of nanoparticle reactivity by electrochemical collision at microelectrodes in colloidal dispersions
Biosensors for environmental, food and clinical monitoring
Portable nanoparticle based point-of-care diagnosis devices for low resource settings with main expertise on the use of ceria nanoparticles as colorimetric probes in bioanalysis
Paper based biosensors and multisensor arrays with printed enzymes and nanoparticles
Oxidative stress – development of methods for real time quantitative assessment of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of engineered nanoparticles
Nanotoxicity – development of predictive tools and measurement technologies for in situ quantitative assessment of nanotoxic responses in vitro and in vivo
Microencapsulation of cells and enzymes for environmental bioremediation and in fermentation processes, in the production of bioethanol from cellulosic biomass
Current Research Funding
Title: Real-Time Monitoring of Neurotransmitters in a Hypoxic Environment
Agency: National Institutes of Health, NINDS, R21NS078738-01
Investigators: Emanuela S. Andreescu (PI)
Time period: 03/01/12 - 02/28/15
Title: Real Time Quantitative Assessment of Oxidative Stress as a Marker for Differential Nanoparticle Toxicity
Agency: National Science Foundation, CBET - 1336493
Investigators: Emanuela S. Andreescu (PI), Kenneth Wallace (co-PI)
Time period: 09/01/13 - 08/31/16
Title: Collaborative Research: Engineering Design of Oxygen Rich Surfaces for Bioelectrodes
Agency: National Science Foundation, CMMI -1200180
Investigators: Emanuela S. Andreescu (PI)
Time period: 12/01/12 - 01/01/16
Title: NSF-CAREER: Inorganic Nanoparticles with Biological Properties: Preparation, Characterization and Sensing Applications
Agency: National Science Foundation, DMR-0954919
Investigators: Emanuela S. Andreescu (PI)
Time period: 05/15/10 - 05/14/15
Recent Peer Reviewed Publications
Probing phosphatase activity using redox active nanoparticles: a novel colorimetric approach for the detection of enzyme activity. A. Hayat, G. Bulbul, S. Andreescu, Biosens. Bioelectron. In press, 2014.
Redox reactivity of cerium oxide nanoparticles against dopamine. A. Hayat, D. Andreescu, G. Bulbul, S. Andreescu, J. Colloid Interface Science 418, 2014, 240-245.
Metal oxide based multisensor array and portable database for field analysis of antioxidants, E. Sharpe, B. Bradley, T. Fresco, D. Jayathilaka, A. Marsh, S. Andreescu, Sensors & Actuators: B. Chemical. 193, 2014, 552-562.
Glutamate oxidase biosensor based on mixed ceria and titania nanoparticles for the detection of glutamate in hypoxic environments. E. R. Ozel, C. Ispas, M. Ganesana, J. Leiter, S. Andreescu, Biosens. Bioelectron. 52, 2014, 397-402.
Electroanalytical evaluation of antioxidant activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles by nanoparticle collisions at microelectrodes. N. P. Sardesai, D. Andreescu, S. Andreescu, J. Am Chem. Soc. 135, 2014, 16770-16773.
Alterations of intestinal serotonin following nanoparticle exposure in embryonic zebrafish. E. R. Ozel, K. Wallace, S. Andreescu, Environmental Science: Nano 1, 2014, 27-36.
Nanoceria particles as catalytic amplifiers for alkaline phosphatase assays. A. Hayat, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chem. 85, 21, 2013, 10028-10032.
Effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on intestinal serotonin in zebrafish. E. R. Ozel, A. Hayat, K. Wallace, S. Andreescu, RSC Advances 3, 2013, 5298-15309.
Comparative Evaluation of Intestinal Nitric Oxide in Embryonic Zebrafish Exposed to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. E. R. Ozel, R. Alkasir, K. Ray, K. Wallace, S. Andreescu, Small 9, 24, 2013, 4250-4261.
Portable nanoparticle based technology for rapid detection of food antioxidants (NanoCerac). E. Sharpe, T. Fresco, D. Andreescu, S. Andreescu, Analyst 138, 1, 2013, 249-262.
Colorimetric paper bioassay for the detection of phenolic compounds. Ramiz S.J. Alkasir, M. Ornatska, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chem. 84, 2012, 9729-9737.
Real-time monitoring of superoxide accumulation and antioxidant activity in a brain slice model using an electrochemical cytochrome c biosensor. M. Ganesana, J.S. Erlichman, S. Andreescu, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 53, 2012, 2240-2249.
Site-specific immobilization of a (His)6-tagged acetylcholinesterase on nickel nanoparticles for highly sensitive toxicity biosensors. M. Ganesana, G. Istabouille, J.L. Marty, T. Noguer, S. Andreescu, Biosens. Bioelectron. 30, 2011, 43-48.
Ceria nanoparticles as colorimetric probes in paper-based bioassays. M. Ornatska, E. Sharpe, D. Andreescu, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chem. 83 (11), 2011, 4273–4280.
Chitosan functionalized carbon fiber microelectrodes for real-time in vivo detection of neurotransmitters in live embryonic zebrafish. E. R. Ozel, K. Wallace, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chim Acta, 695, 2011, 89–95.
Adsorption of Arsenic by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Versatile, Inquiry Based Laboratory for Undergraduate Science Course. D VanDorn, M.T. Ravalli, M. M. Small, B. Hillery, S. Andreescu, J. Chem Edu. 88(8), 2011, 1119-1122.
Enzyme functionalized nanoparticles for electrochemical biosensors: a comparative study with applications for the detection of bisphenol A. R. Alkasir, M. Ganesana, Y.H. Won, L Stanciu, S. Andreescu, Biosens. Bioelectron. 26, 2010, 43-49.
Electrochemical quantification of serotonin in the live embryonic zebrafish intestine, J. Njagi, M. Ball, K. Wallace, S. Andreescu. Anal. Chem. 82 (5), 2010, 1822-1830.
Amperometric detection of dopamine in vivo with an enzyme based carbon fiber microbiosensor, J. Njagi, M. Chernov, J. Leiter, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chem. 82 (3), 2010, 989–996.
Biomagnetic capsules for easy removal of phenol and bisphenol A. C. Ispas, M. Ravalli, A. Steere, S. Andreescu, Water Research 44, 2010, 1961–1969.
A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor based on Chitosan and Electropolymerized Meldola Blue for Monitoring NO in Brain Slices. J. Njagi, J.S. Erlichman, J.W. Aston, J.C. Leiter, S. Andreescu, Sensors and Actuators B 143, 2, 2010, 673-680.
Biosensors: Toxicity Monitoring. M. Ornatska, M. Ganesana, S. Andreescu, Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, Wiley, ISBN: 978-0-471-79930-6, 2009.
Toxicity and developmental defects of different sizes and shape nickel nanoparticles in zebrafish. C. Ispas, D. Andreescu, A. Patel, D. Goia, S. Andreescu, K. Wallace, Environmental Science and Technology 43, 16, 2009, 6349-6356.
Enzyme functionalized mesoporous silica for bioanalytical applications. C. Ispas, I. Sokolov, S. Andreescu, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 393, 2, 2009, 543-554.
Applications of advanced nanomaterials for environmental monitoring. S. Andreescu, J. Njagi, C. Ispas, M. Ravalli, J. Env. Monitoring 11, 2009, 27–40.
Magnetic Particles-Based Hybrid Platforms for Bioanalytical Sensors. L. Stanciu, Y.-H. Won, M. Ganesana, S. Andreescu, Sensors 9, 2009, 2976-2999.
Mixed Ceria Based Metal Oxides Biosensor for Operation in Oxygen Restrictive Environments. J. Njagi, C. Ispas, S. Andreescu, Anal. Chem. 80, 2008, 7266-7274.
Electrochemical Studies of ceria as electrode material for sensing and biosensing applications.C. Ispas, J. Njagi, M. Cates,* S. Andreescu, J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(8), 2008, F169-F176.
Studies of the Binding and Signaling of Surface-immobilized Periplasmic Glucose Receptors on Gold Nanoparticles: A Glucose Biosensor Application. S. Andreescu, L.A. Luck, Anal. Biochem. 375, 2008, 282-290.
Stable enzyme biosensors based on chemically synthesized Au-polypyrrole nanocomposite. J. Njagi, S. Andreescu, Biosens. Bioelectron.23, 2, 2007, 768-775.
Books Edited
Nanotechnology for Environmental Decontamination, McGraw-Hill (ISBN 0071702792), Ed: M.K. Ram, S. Andreescu, H. Ding, 448 pages, May, 2011.
Oxidative Stress: Diagnostics, Prevention, and Therapy, Oxford University Press. ACS symposium Series, Ed: Silvana Andreescu, Maria Hepel, Volume 1083, November 17, 2011, American Chemical Society, ISBN13: 9780841226838, eISBN: 9780841226845, DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1083. (http://pubs.acs.org/isbn/9780841226838).
E.S. Andreescu, M. Ornatska, C. Ispas, D. Andreescu, Reagentless ceria based colorimetric sensor: colorimetric components, methods of use, methods of assembly and related applications, Patent Application, US20120315659, WO2012170851A3, December 12, 2012, Appl # PCT/US2012/041608.
E.S. Andreescu, J. C. Leiter, J. S. Erlichman, Method of neuroprotection from oxidant injury using metal oxide nanoparticles, US Patent Application, US 2010/0098768, April 22, 2010.
E.S. Andreescu, E. Sharpe, D. Andreescu, Portable nanoparticle based assay for rapid detection of food antioxidants (NANOCERAC), Patent Application # 13/156,755, June 2011.
Research Associates, Postdoctoral Fellows and Visiting Faculty
- Dr. Naimish P. Sardesai (2012 – present)
- Dr. Mouna Marrakhi (2013 - 2014), Fulbright Visiting Fellow, Carthage University, INSAT, Tunisia
- Dr. Akhtar Hayat (2012 - 1013), currently Assistant Professor at COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Lahore, Pakistan
- Dr. Maryna Ornatska (2008 - 2011), currently Senior Scientist at Elementis Specialties. Inc.
Current Graduate Students
- Emrah Ozel
- Erica Sharpe
- Ramiz Alkassir
- Xiaobo Liu
- Gonca Bulbul
- Anahita Karimi
Graduate Students - Alumni
- Malli Ganesana, PhD 2011 – Postdoc at Dartmouth College
- Cristina R. Ispas, PhD 2010 – Senior Scientist at Beckman Coulter, CA
- John I. Njagi, PhD 2009 – Postdoc at Clarkson
- Brian J. Frederick, MS 2009 - Research Assistant II at The Wistar Institute
- Matthew T. Ravalli, MS 2009 – Research Assistant at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute


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D.J. MorrellFree Agent
Offensive Tackle
Ht: | Wt:
News | Stats | Stat vs. Team | Targets | Injury | Depth Chart | Roster
|Bills | Ten players signed to futures deals
Mon, 29 Dec 2014 15:36:00 -0800
The Buffalo Bills re-signed SS Deon Broomfield, OG William Campbell, LB Jimmy Gaines, WR Caleb Holley, DE Bryan Johnson, OG D.J. Morrell, WR Tobais Palmer, CB Rod Sweeting, DT Jeremy Towns and QB Jeff Tuel to futures contracts Monday, Dec. 29. Terms of the contracts were not disclosed.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: NFL
|Bills | Two signed
Mon, 01 Sep 2014 06:45:57 -0700
The Buffalo Bills signed free-agent FB Lonnie Pryor (Buccaneers) and OG D.J. Morrell (Rams) to the practice squad.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: The Buffalo News - Jay Skurski
|Rams | 10 players waived
Mon, 25 Aug 2014 13:39:03 -0700
St. Louis Rams CB Jarrid Bryant, P Bobby Cowan, OT R.J. Dill, WR Jordan Harris, LS Jorgen Hus, FB Kadeem Jones, LB Johnny Millard, WR T.J. Moe, OT D.J. Morrell and LB Pat Schiller (undisclosed) Monday, Aug. 25. Schiller was waived/injured.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: StLouisRams.com
|Rams | Two released
Mon, 25 Aug 2014 12:26:53 -0700
The St. Louis Rams released OT R.J. Dill and OL D.J. Morrell Monday, Aug. 25.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: St. Louis Post-Dispatch - Jim Thomas
|Rams | Sign three more
Tue, 22 Jul 2014 14:45:22 -0700
The St. Louis Rams signed free-agents OT R.J. Dill (Chiefs), OL D.J. Morrell (Lions) and LB Lawrence Wilson (Bears).
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: The Baltimore Sun - Aaron Wilson
|Lions | Cut D.J. Morrell
Wed, 16 Jul 2014 14:16:28 -0700
The Detroit Lions cut OL D.J. Morrell Wednesday, July 16.
|Comment (0)
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|| Source: The Baltimore Sun - Aaron Wilson
|Lions | Undrafted rookies agree to terms
Sat, 10 May 2014 22:17:28 -0700
The Detroit Lions have agreed to terms on undisclosed contracts with undrafted rookie free agents S James Couplin III (William & Mary), OL D.J. Morrell (Old Dominion), OT Cornelius Lucas (Kansas State), WR Andrew Peacock (Appalachian State), CB Mohammed Seisay (Nebraska) and S Gabe Lynn (Oklahoma) Saturday, May 10.
|Comment (0)
|| Share:
|| Source: MLive.com - Justin Rogers

subset: commoncrawl


text:
We loves to go to this beautiful small old city and only half an hour drives from here.
This place also have plenty lovely restaurants and it also has a textile shop with plenty nice selection of French fabrics. The textile shop right in front of the supermarket where we normally shop! Usually when hubby load the shopping into the car, I run quick to the shop:)))
Here some pics for you,
Neuchatel, this the view from my window this afternoon...
Aurelie Hobo Bag
We had our lunch here yesterday in this restaurant
a local flower shop
French Canvas and Linen I bought yesterday


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May 12. 2013 3:57PM
Blade change
NH native leads Bauer's surge to hockey supremacy
By GRETYL MACALASTER
Union Leader Correspondent
— Kevin Davis is humble when he talks about his role in the re-emergence of Bauer Performance Sports from an underperforming division of Nike to the number one brand in hockey equipment.
He became the fourth chief executive officer in eight years when he took the position in 2008, just after Nike sold the brand and at a time when morale and staff levels were low.
Since then, Bauer Performance Sports has gone from a private business to a publicly traded company on the Toronto Stock Exchange. It has doubled growth and tripled profitability.
This year, it will generate close to $400 million in revenue, up from about $200 million in 2008, and is ranked number one in every hockey equipment category.
In a recent survey conducted by Bauer of more than 650 players on active National Hockey Leauge rosters as of April 15, 71 percent used Bauer skates, 41 percent use Bauer helmets and 34 percent use Bauer sticks.
In addition to a focus on quality hockey equipment, acquisitions have also been a big part of the company's growth. In the last two years alone, it has acquired five other companies, including top brands in lacrosse and diamond sports. Davis said acquisitions will continue to be a big part of the company's growth strategy moving forward.
Core "category" teams stay focused on individual products, including goalie gear, hockey sticks, skates and performance apparel, allowing them to act as small, productive businesses under the larger umbrella of Bauer.
"If there is a company out there that makes just goalie equipment, we can compete with that," Davis said.
Bauer is the only company able to market DuPont's Kevlar material in its neck protectors and socks and continues to create innovations in equipment that were never thought possible, Davis said.
"We have always been about performance. People investing in high quality sports equipment don't want gimmicks," Davis said.
Even in the lower price points, quality is key.
"We were the first company to make an entry-level $65 composite hockey stick," he said.
Bauer Hockey has been innovating since it was founded in Kitchener, Ontario in 1927 and developed the first skate with a blade attached to a boot.
Davis joined Bauer as the New Hampshire controller in 2002, shortly after the company moved its global headquarters from Montreal, Canada, to Greenland.
In 2011, the company moved operations to Exeter, where it employs about 140 people and continues to grow. Globally, the company employs more than 600 people.
Previous management had reduced research and development staff by 10 percent. Davis soon reinvigorated the department as evidenced by some of Bauer's new products, including the Vapor APX 2 skate released in April with easily changeable skate blades. The boot is made with a thermo-formable material that can be customized to a skater's foot, while also being lightweight and durable enough to take a puck.
Historically, "swapping steel" was a lengthy process that could put a player on the bench for a full period. The new skate now allows steel to be swapped in a matter of seconds right on the bench and is available not just in elite skates, but entry-level skates as well.
"It is a great innovation for us," Davis said.
Davis said it is the category-specific model that has allowed Bauer to regain dominance in the hockey equipment arena after losing its focus. Now that the company has re-established its position as the leader in all hockey categories, it is looking to become the number one lacrosse brand and dominate roller hockey equipment categories as well.
Bauer is also helping to grow the sport of ice hockey through a new initiative with Hockey Canada and USA Hockey called "Grow the Game," with a goal of adding an additional 1 million players in 10 years.
Right now, the company is surveying families to find out the barriers that prevent more youth from participating in the sport and will take that data to find out what barriers Bauer can help remove.
The company is also doing more to support the community more visibly, including a recent $100,000 donation to the Prescott Park Arts Festival in Portsmouth toward a capital campaign to renovate park facilities.
Bauer also is the number one sponsor of the Christmas Hockey Classic Tournament in Manchester.
Davis, a New Hampshire native and Pinkerton Academy graduate, said there was no question the company wanted to keep its global headquarters in New Hampshire due to the quality of the employee base.
And as a native, this is also where Davis wants to be.
"I'm not going anywhere," he said. "I'm incredibly proud to be part of this organization and to be given such a unique opportunity to lead such a talented group of people," he said.


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What Else Was Faked On the Mall?
Nobody Reports
Sure, it was fabulous, but it wasn't live. Sounded to me that she just sang along with her tape…like Karoke. So, Beyoncé faked her singing….and so did the Marine Band who faked playing it.
You have to wonder…did they 'fake' that crowd too? Why would I even suggest it? Because by all reports the crowds were smaller than four years ago, almost by half. But on TV, especially CNN, the crowd seem to stretch all the way to Oklahoma.
And since nothing is done by these people unless it's to get a reaction: the fact that the President turned around to take "One more look" at the crowd, he is trying to tell all the rednecks out there, that he only intends to stay four more years.
Don't believe it.
There were, by all reports 800,000 people there. But if you go by that picture…it was much more. Would they doctor a picture to convince the conservatives in the United States that they are in the minority?Ask yourself: Did Obama win the top advertizing award for the year from the advertizing business because he has no clue how to promote himself?
4 Comments »
What else was faked?
I don't know the actuall numbers but I am guessing that, as is usual in American elections, far fewer than half of the electorate voted for the President.
We all scoff at the 'totalitarian' vote figures that come along from time to time where 99% vote for the winner, but in America (and elsewhere too, to be fair) leaders get elected by smaller and smaller proportions of their populations and rarely ever over the comparative size we usually associate with 'Majority'.
Just how this can be termed 'Democracy' I do not know.
It takes a complete abandonment of meaning.
Comment by Amfortas | January 22, 2013 |


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NEW YORK, Feb. 19 (UPI) -- The late actor Philip Seymour Hoffman left a will bequeathing most of his estate to his longtime girlfriend and requesting his son be raised in New York.
At the time of his death of a suspected heroin overdose this month, Hoffman was living in a Manhattan apartment a few blocks away from his partner Mimi O'Donnell and their children -- son Cooper, 10, daughter Tallulah, 7, and daughter Willa, 5.
Cooper was 1 and Hoffman's only child when the Oscar-winning actor drew up his will, the New York Post said.
"It is my strong desire... that my son, Cooper Hoffman, be raised and reside in or near the borough of Manhattan ... or Chicago, Ill., or San Francisco, Calif.," Hoffman said in the 13-page will filed in Manhattan Surrogate's Court Wednesday morning. "The purpose of this request is so that my son will be exposed to the culture, arts and architecture that such cities offer."
The Post said Hoffman also set up a trust for Cooper, naming O'Donnell as their son's guardian and trustee of the funds.


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Folk Herbalism
The Roots Revival
The Reevaluation, Reclamation and Resurgence of Folk Herbalism
"To ignore the experience of people trained in the science of their day, or simply expert in the practical application of folk medicine, is both culturally bigoted and unscientific. We cannot presume that conventional modern science knows everything. Folk tradition includes many more layers of nuanced experience, including information drawn from the imagination, intuition, observation of animals, bedside experience, taste and smell, that the inherently limited boundaries of modern science cannot include. These layers of knowledge enrich, rather than deduct from scientific endeavor."
–Matthew Wood (Traditional Western Herbalist)
"We were created out of the earth there. Well, we're part of the earth, and that's what we've got to go back to the earth to get something to keep this body a-ticking. Just like the tree, of course, and the herbs here, they've got sap in em, and we've got blood."
–Tommie Bass (Appalachian Folk Herbalist)
With the current economic hardships, there's been a revived interest in all sorts of folk arts as well as an upsurge in enthusiasm for the do-it-yourself mentality. And rightly so, as our culture finally awakens to the need for increased sustainability and self-sufficiency. Once relegated to the impoverished or for decorative purposes only, gardening has seen an incredible upsurge as we once again take an interest in where and how our food is grown. Likewise, many folk arts, from artisan breads to hand woven fibers have become increasingly popular and valued in recent years. Handmade has become something to value rather than scorn in favor of their store boughten counterparts. Locally crafted goods are esteemed over exotic imports as being not only more economical, but also more meaningful and desirable as they connect us to our own bioregions and facilitate an intimacy with place.
In the context of herbalism, however, it seems that the term "folk" is still frequently accompanied by disdainful sentiments, and for the more open minded, a sense of the quaint and cute and old fashioned. Yep, go ahead and look up folk herbalism or folk medicine. Count how many times the terms "rustic", "primitive" and "non-scientific" come up. Stedman's Medical Dictionary is kinder, defining folk medicine as the "treatment of ailments outside clinical medicine by remedies and simple measures based on experience and knowledge handed down from generation to generation."
Technically, the term folk in this context applies strictly to non-professional or lay people using local or handed down knowledge to treat illness. More realistically, folk herbalism is simply whatever herbal practitioners (professional or not) and practices not currently recognized as valid, acceptable or popular by conventional medicine and mainstream culture. In the U.S., that seems to be just about damn near all of us. Yeah, sure, some of us have managed to fit in a little better, but among plant-loving people there's still likely to be sage leaves clinging to our lab coats and chokecherry twigs tangled in our hair no matter how many hospitals or integrated clinics we've worked in.
I personally see the term folk as an underlying commonality for all grassroots practitioners, all those herbalists who get out in the forests and meadows and gardens and harvest their own medicines and who can recognize their favorite remedies while still growing in the ground and not just from a label on a fancy bottle. After all, folk are just the people. Usually the common people, the non-elite who need sustainable, cheap remedies that actually work without worrying about academic theories or even government endorsement. Implied by the term is a lack of exclusivity, embracing rather than shunning and encouraging a sense of sharing what we know without hoarding or copywriting our experiences. At its root, folk arts of any kind tend to be unpretentious while still beautiful and useful, a testament to the efficiency and aesthetics of an earlier era with increasing relevance for our current challenging times.
Traditional & Folk Herbalism
The more popular term "traditional herbalism" encompasses folk herbalism as well as a great deal more, including the more highly systemized herbal practices around the world, such as Ayurveda, Unani Tibb and Traditional Chinese Medicine. All folk herbalism is a form of traditional herbalism, but not all traditional herbalism is folk herbalism, especially as some traditional medicine becomes ever more formalized and merges with conventional medicine. By it's very nature, folk herbalism tends to be unstructured, unruly and constantly adapting to the needs of the current place and people. Standardized extracts aren't likely to be of much use to these people, as they almost always prefer making their own herbal preparations and are more likely to trust a remedy made from the whole plant than isolated constituents for isolated health diagnoses.
Many, if not all, forms of the more systemized herbal traditions include within them many elements of folk herbalism. As with any attempted categorizations, the borders are fairly fuzzy. What's probably most important to recognize about folk herbalism is its wild and wooly nature that generally defies being fit inside any construct and tends to vary radical depending on locale, culture and era. There are certainly underlying commonalities though, especially a dependence on weeds, locally abundant wild plants and easily grown garden herbs as well as the independent nature of its practitioners and their deep connection with plants, people and place. Experience, empiricism and even thoughtful anecdote are also essential elements of this ubiquitous breed of botanical medicine.
A Reclamation
"I'm very sad that I don't know the names of any of these plants or anything about them. I'm sure they are there yet and the same things could be done with them. They were made into ointments and liquids… It's the one thing I regret very much: that I didn't take more interest in those things I saw her doing."
-Kate Ann Maclellan, Tigharry (North Uist speaking of her grandmother's knowledge of herbal medicine, from The Scot's Herbal by Tess Darwin)
In the small mountain village where I practice, much of the population still utilizes plant based medicine to some degree. For many of these people, especially those under fifty, this knowledge is limited to a few important local plants and usually only with a very limited of context of knowing this plant is "good for an ulcer" or this plant will "cure cancer if you drink it until your pee turns green". The older folks, particularly Hispanic, Apache or Navajos, eighty or older, tend to have a much broader and deeper sense of herbal medicine. Many of them are shy and loathe to speak to those outside of their family or clan about the plants, but those who trust me enough to tell me their stories and pass on their wisdom often mourn the disinterest of their children, grandchildren and great grandchildren in traditional healing arts. They seem patently amazed that a 30 year old woman has such an abiding fascination in what many of them have given up as lost knowledge.
I grew up in both urban and rural areas in the Southeast and Midwest where I heard frequent mention of using plants for healing purposes. My mother taught me to forage for wild foods in city and woods alike and we had a garden wherever we lived, and I was ever drawn to references to plants used for healing in my parents' gardening books and on the tags of kitchen herbs brought home from local nurseries, yet I had no idea that there were people in the Western world still using it as their primary form of healthcare.
Studying with those who have more experience and insight than we have, is an excellent and effective way of learning for most of humankind. Whether observing a father or grandmother, or apprenticing to the teacher we feel most aligned with, this is the type of education that most of us are best suited to. Thanks to herbal pioneers like Rosemary Gladstar and Michael Moore, we once again have access to an enormous amount of knowledge that would have otherwise been potentially lost. And just as in the wild mountains here in New Mexico, there are folk herbalists in every bioregion, some actively in the role of teaching and others not, but certainly many with the desire to teach what they know and to prevent the loss of hard earned knowledge.
Not everyone can be or needs to be an herbalist, but everyone can benefit from the empowerment and usefulness of foundational plant-based self-care. Education is an enormous gift at any time, but especially in the modern age when regimented and industrialized society – and a scarily precarious economy makes sustainable, accessible ways of caring for ourselves, our family and our communities more essential than ever. The more that we learn and teach, the greater the reclamation of our natural human heritage, the vital threads tying us to place, plants, and the healing of ourselves and our world.
Urban Herbwives & Steampunk Root Doctors
Those herb-gathering maidens frolicking across the canvases of idyllic Pre-Raphaelite art, can lead to a romanticized vision of the folk herbalist's work. Likewise, appealing images of the old time herbwife, 19th century root doctor or tribal medicine woman are easily inflated into an idealized stereotype that at first glance has little basis in the reality of an inner city practice or urban backyard. But anyone who's ever spent an afternoon sweating in the glaring high elevation sun of the Southwest mountains trying to unearth a bit of Redroot knows better, just as does any mother who's spent the night awake and keeping watch over her son's fever while persistently spooning mouthfuls of diaphoretic tea into his mouth. The reality of herbs and healing is a gritty but beautiful blend of oozing wounds and gorgeous flowers, mind-numbing work and ecstatic moments.
Rather than simple emulation or attempted reconstruction of past roles, it makes more sense for us to thoroughly study the traditions of our forbearers to garner what works in the current context and adapting other parts to better application. And if we look deeper, at the impulses and skills common to people throughout time and history, it clearly becomes possible to remember and honor these archetypes in an honest and practical way without abandoning them completely. Regardless of where live, we still gather wild greens and medicine-rich roots from the fertile ground. We still watch for signs of fever and make poultices for wounds. So much has changed, and yet so much remains the same in the practice of this timeless art. Like the weeds themselves, we adapt and grow in new environs and situations, and in this way thrive.
It makes good sense to adapt and evolve archetypes to our situations and environs based on what is currently needed, applicable and relevant. As the dominant system increasingly does a tail spin and we face greater ecological degradation and financial stress, we look more toward finding our foods and medicines close to home, building close knit communities and developing stronger relationships with the land where we live. And to do this most effectively, we do need to look to historical role models for inspiration and insight. We see a cultural shift in this direction in literary and art movements such as "Steampunk", where participants are focused on returning to the Victorian-era practice of creating and maintaining beautiful, long-lived useful objects rather than mindlessly buying disposable poor quality items. Even such seemingly small steps regarding aesthetics and technology can help trigger and fuel the larger changes that many of us are hoping to see.
Present circumstance calls for a great deal of ingenuity and courage on all fronts, including botanical medicine. I am inspired by the mingling of Physiomedicalist philosophy with Anishinaabe materia medica, Victorian influenced botany with the newest DNA based plant taxonomy in the herbal community. Tribal and punk sensibilities showing up integrative clinics while traditional Appalachian herbalists discuss the phytochemistry of key remedies. These blendings, while not always initially harmonious, are a clear indication of a vital, dynamic community effectively adapting to pressing issues with panache and evolving skill.
Diversity & Dynamism
"In our work and in our living, we must recognize that difference is a reason for celebration and growth, rather than a reason for destruction… It is not our differences that divide us. It is our inability to recognize, accept, and celebrate those differences."
– Audre Lorde
Folk herbalism certainly includes kitchen herbalism and backyard herbalism, but can also encompass many forms of professionalized herbalism as well. It's likely that the greatest majority of folk herbalists primarily treat their families or close friends, although many will eventually look to help their larger community, especially when word gets out and people come knocking on the front door, looking for diaper rash salve and something to quiet an old cough. And some will go on to make teaching and practicing the mainstay of their livelihood, passing on their knowledge to an even wider range of those interested in plant medicine.
Unfortunately, even from within the herbal community, there seems to be the tendency to create hierarchal divisions of professional, community, kitchen and other types of herbalists. I certainly see that these descriptions can be useful in helping potential clients and students choose who they'd benefit most from working with. What seems less useful is the creation of a hierarchy of what is best or most credible.
It is understandably easy for some newcomers to see folk herbalism as an easy route, and a way to bypass a steep learning curve while still accruing the title and much craved credit, but that's also the quickest road to being called quack as well as potentially harming those we aim to help. But folk herbalism isn't necessarily any easier or quicker to learn than biomedical information. In fact, it can take far longer and be more difficult to understand and integrate passed on or experiential knowledge when not accompanied by the well-financed and widely disseminated resources that abound in mainstream medicine. Finding a good teacher in our bioregion and sorting through subjective experience is often time consuming and frustrating, especially without peer support and social approval of our pursuits.
What we most need within herbalism right now is increased diversity, not less. Just as in any intact or recovering ecosystem, diversity breeds health and proliferation. We need the grandmother in her kitchen serving Chamomile tea to a teething toddler just as much as we need the professional herbalist working in a clinic or the rural rancher who treats a bull-gored horse with Indian Root. None of these choices are more valid than another, they are all vital elements of a thriving culture and people.
I don't see the necessity for only one type of healthcare and healing, even within herbalism. I hear many arguments from all different camps each insisting that their method is the best, the most natural or the only effective way. Personally, when it comes to human health and well-being, I think we can use as many options as are viable, sustainable and relevant. Our very strength is often in our differences and the way we come together to work from so many angles and perspectives. It's time to break down these needless divisions, these private clubs of who's important and who's not. In a grassroots vocation, there's no reason or room for harmful divisiveness that could well alienate many talented and skilled members of our craft.
Those of us residing in Western Civilization are a mostly mongrel people and our herbal traditions reflect our varied heritage. Remnants of Greek humoral theory merge with Cherokee materia medica only to further blend with Hispanic energetics concepts and German phytotherapy. We're a wild and weedy bunch, with a penchant for sidewalk-cracking garden escapees and feral flowers. Our traditions have loose ends and broken strands. We weave and reweave while bringing in the multicolored fibers from a hundred different sources. We're eclectic but still somehow cohesive, even as we struggle for clarity and coherence in our approach and practice.
To deny our diversity for the sake of homogeny and a more respectable appearance is to give up some of the incredible dynamism of Western herbalism, and perhaps especially American herbalism. Instead, we have ever growing reasons for a celebration of the kaleidoscope of our colors and tones. Just as in folk music, our traditions and practices build one off the other, incorporating new harmonies into time-honored melodies, mixing modern instrumentation into century old songs.
A Rooted Revolution
"You cannot take what you have not given, and you must give yourself. You cannot buy the Revolution. You cannot make the Revolution. You can only be the Revolution. It is in your spirit, or it is nowhere."
-Ursula Le Guin
We're still the "folk", including herbalist doctors and curanderas, plant-loving nurses and squat-dwelling herb students. We need education and healthcare everywhere, in both clinics and on the streets, in urban centers as well as the backwoods. Herbalists, by their very nature, tend to be boundary walkers, traveling between different worlds and communities in order to provide care and help to those who need it most.
What we all have in common is the knowledge that healthcare and healing are not only the terrain of the expert and the elite. We know that human has the right to facilitate healing in themselves and their family through food, lifestyle, herbs and more. This is an imperative element in sustainability, self-sufficiency and personal responsibility. A roots resurgence in folk wisdom is not only about healthcare but is one part of a return to direct connection with the natural world and our own bodies. The honoring of folk medicine, of the herbal knowledge of the common people steeped in the day to day work with the plants is in itself a sort of revolution.
Radical acts are often simple acts. As herbal medicine becomes more and more regulated and tightly defined internationally, those at the grassroots hold firm to the work they've always done. With or without approval by governing officials, their commitment is to the people they care for and to the plants themselves. The powers that be may well continue to attempt to progressively increase their control over what an herbalist is, what an herbalist does, what plants an herbalist works with and how herbalists make their medicines but those dedicated to the prolific power of plant medicine know that herbalism is an innately wild craft that will persist regardless of rules and regulations.
After all, there's a certain, irreplaceable power and beauty to knowing your medicines so well that you know them by the shape of their stark winter stems, by one whiff of their just sliced roots, by the particular pattern of their seeds within its fruit. Whether feral sidewalk weeds, carefully tended garden flowers or wild mountain roots, the work of the herbalist is grounded in place. And also in community – whether seeing folks on their own back porches or in integrative clinics, we are inextricably interwoven with the people we care for and offer knowledge to.
Folk music, folk dance, folklore… it can be easy to forget that healing is an art as well as a science, and that the lines between the two are less certain and distinct than is generally acknowledged. Folk herbalism doesn't just mean rustic or undeveloped, but rather, points to a long history of traditional knowledge passed down and refined over time. Even where our traditions have fractured or been partially forgotten, new knowledge and experiences are forever sprouting up with each new generation, the persistent call and craft of plant-based medicine consistently regrowing even when cut down. Every folk herbalist is an integral part of this vibrant resurgence, insistently emerging from our shared roots.
13 Responses to "Folk Herbalism"
This is the statement that makes a lump in my throat:
"Throughout human history there have been certain women who felt called to the demanding role, as truth-sayers, healers, agents of nature and the great mystery, intermediaries between the visible and invisible or spirit worlds, and repositories of wisdom and story."
Not just beacause it's true – but because it's hard. So many people just don't want to hear it. Sometime's it's close – as in self or loved one, sometimes a communal denial of Earth abuse. This Archetype NEEDS reinstating. And it needs a real foundation … it can't grow on merely abstract concepts, it needs tangible mediums and translation. It's coming out in parts: the red tents and moonlodges, the talking circles, the herb workshops; but all too often it is fragmented. It needs more integrating. You do this beautifully in your work and I secure these ideals in my own work as much as I can.
Thank you for this!! Yes!
In the hospital where I work as a physical therapist weaving with the invisible gossamer threads and roots as a healer with people. This calling is hard but is received lovingly I think in its imperfection by patients/clients mostly of Latin descent in Brooklyn. Thank you Kiva for illuminating an overgrown path, obscured by the very things we've been looking for community,plant allies, from wolf to mice footprints and more green plants from Mama Earth!
Much peace, Irene
Wise Woman sister..ditto what Ananda said….
recently I was having a booth on healing weeds and giving voice to our medicine plants and a woman in her 80's came over. Her eyes lit up as she studied the potted plants/herbs, jars of vinegars, tinctures, oils, etc…and she carefuly and lovingly opened some and breathed deeply. "Oh, thank you! you've made my day. I didn't think anyone did this any more or cared." and she told me of being the fourth generation Appalachian woman and that she knew plants and used them, but her kids and grandkids don't listen anymore. So I told her about all of us…the medicine women, herbalists, healers, green witchs all across this land…."really?" that does my heart good" she said. YES YES we are here, we are strong, we are rivers, we take the hands of the women who went before us and we reach out to grasp the women of the future who will be wise women…..and we share and we teach and we continue….across time….and the ages…..
Green Blessings Dear!
your prairie sistah
This made me cry. :0)
Dear Kiva,
Knowing there are women out there like you re-stokes my hope and faith in healing…it is so important for those who have answered that deep, intrinsic call to dearly hold onto that vision you just expressed so beautifully in words.
I don't even know where to start with responding to this. I'm at a loss. It's like I've found my home, but I don't really know how to get there. I'll read on, and find my way. Thank you very much for being here.
>by her love of the living earth
There is no mistaking her . Her love for creation, the life force, is the passion consuming her existence with both great joys and great sadness – because she is filled with life and not separated from it.
For her, the life force itself is the treasure beyond any other and she is deeply puzzled by humanity and their distractions from the blessing.
thank you – may these truths be told
thank you for this site, it is inspiring…
I am continually amazed by your knowledge and how diligent you are. Thank you for a ll the great info. Blessings to you and your!
I was so over-joyed to read your article. I have been studying herbalism now for the past ten years. It has been a life affirming endeavor. I remember the first plant I was able to identify, it was the Echinacia flower. I have since read and studied anything I could get my hands on, as well as studying on Learning Herbs. There are no words to explain the feeling and joy I get when I create my own healing salves, lip balms, tinctures, lotions, etc… and know that my family will be all the more healthy because of it. I'm so glad there are more wisewomen out there to learn from and carry on our back to the roots way of life. God bless each and every one of you.
amazing article; just amazing
Kiva. You have helped light a path against the darkness. Blessings and thanks to you. As I near my dotage, I hope to pass on my garden herbals to local youngsters; this knowledge seems of great interest to the younger generations- rays of hope!


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BNP Paribas braces for $9 billion fine: reports
June 30, 2014
CNN Money
French bank BNP Paribas is braced for a record fine of almost $9 billion for breaching U.S. sanctions, according to media reports.
The punishment for helping clients dodge sanctions on Iran, Sudan and Cuba will also include a temporary ban on BNP Paribas (BNPQF) clearing payments in dollars, starting in January, the Financial Times reported Monday.
"I want to say it clearly here: we will receive a heavy penalty," BNP Chief Executive Officer Jean-Laurent Bonnafe was quoted as saying by Reuters in an internal email to staff.
BNP Paribas declined to comment.
U.S. authorities are expected to reveal details of the settlement later Monday, concluding a long-runningcriminal investigation.


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Burlington is closer to amending its smoking ordinance.
In June, city council and staff began drafting an amendment to a city ordinance that targeted the spread of cigarette smoke from building to building. Now, interim city attorney Charles Bateman has introduced a new version of the proposed amendment that would eliminate smoking in businesses adjacent to restaurants in strip malls.
The city council set a public hearing on the amendment for Nov. 20.
The amendment Bateman proposed this week was tweaked after the first draft was deemed too difficult to enforce. Originally, the proposed change in the law intended to address unwanted smoke drifting from one business � where smoking is allowed � to another, smoke-free establishments.
The amendment was prompted by complaints from several people and business owners who frequented or managed businesses in �strip centers,� as Bateman pointed out in a June 4 memo to council.
He explained smoke tended to migrate �from an enclosed area into other areas where smoking is not permitted,� in ��strip centers� where adjacent businesses occupy a connected structure with a common attic area.�
The amendment drafted in June read: �smoking shall be prohibited in enclosed areas to which the public is invited or allowed when such smoke migrates into an enclosed area where smoking is prohibited by law or by owner/occupant.� That change would have allowed the city to investigate businesses on a complaint basis, and fine those that didn�t comply.
However, Bateman and city staff said it would be difficult to enforce the new smoking rule, for several reasons.
The fire department representatives told Bateman that individual businesses had their own air pressure levels, which would affect the direction smoke would travel, since air generally moves from high-pressure to low-pressure areas. That alone would make it hard to pinpoint where cigarette smoke was entering an air system, thus making enforcement equally difficult.
Bateman also said in June that the city�s response time to any given complaint would become an issue, since an inspector couldn�t be guaranteed to arrive on scene in time to determine smoke�s location and origin.
At a council work session this week, Bateman produced another draft of the ordinance that would make enforcement less complicated.
The new amendment would prohibit smoking in �enclosed areas to which the public is invited or allowed when such enclosed areas are located within a building or structure which houses multiple tenants or occupancies, and such enclosed area or business is located immediately adjacent to a restaurant located within the same structure.�
Basically, �If you have a multi-tenant structure under one ownership � you cannot smoke in businesses immediately next door to a restaurant,� Bateman explained. �That�s the proposal.�
Fire Department Deputy Chief Michael Willets told council that there are 108 restaurants that are immediately adjacent to other businesses in the city. That would mean 167 adjacent tenants whose businesses could be affected by drifting smoke and thus the proposed amendment.


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It's not every week that we print an In Focus that reads like a novel. But if that's what you've been holding out for, it's here. Find a quiet corner and dig in.
"The year of two popes" (Pages 11-13) could only have been written by Matthew Bunson, expert on all things Catholic and, of course, author of the first biography of Pope Francis.
In his 2,000-word article, Bunson puts the resignation of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI (the one-year anniversary of his surprise announcement is Feb. 11) into a context that was impossible to do at this time last year. Not only does he paint a historical picture, he offers a unique analysis on the succeeding era of Pope Francis. These are fascinating times for our Church, and Bunson examines the reasons behind that.
Bunson's article, however, is just one piece of this week's In Focus. While much has been made of the differences between Popes Benedict and Francis, Russell Shaw looks at the similarities between our two pontiffs (Page 14). His result? That the popes are more in sync than they might at first seem.
Finally, tying the whole package together, is a cartoon by Jason Bach, who has made a name for himself among Catholics for his light-hearted drawings pertaining to the Faith. The cartoon was commissioned by Our Sunday Visitor, and we invite you to visit us on our Facebook and Twitter pages (see links below) to share it with your friends and family. We hope you enjoy it.
Three other things to note:
1) Our Faith story (Pages 18-19) on the Our Lady of Lourdes Hospitality North American Volunteers celebrates both the feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes (Feb. 11) and the 10-year anniversary of the development of the "virtual pilgrimages" featured in the article. For the elderly, disabled, sick or those unable for any other reasons to travel to the south of France for the Lourdes experience, these pilgrimages that can be embarked upon in your own parish, school or community may just fit the bill.
2) To celebrate National Marriage Week USA (Feb. 7-14), Bob and Gerri Laird, a couple very prominent in Couple to Couple League circles, contributed a personal essay on the joys of their 43-year marriage (Page 10). Aside from the fact that their story is just a delight to read, the piece illustrates the ever-essential foundation in God that it takes to transform a marriage into a vocation.
In times like these, when stories celebrating strong marriage bonds in the news are few and far between, the Lairds' story is both refreshing and essential.
3) Finally, while Feb. 14 might be synonymous with "Sweethearts Conversation Hearts" and romantic steak dinners, J.J. Ziegler writes on the lesser-known, but greatly important, Sts. Cyril and Methodius who share a feast date with St. Valentine (Page 8). It's guaranteed to put Valentine's Day in a new light.
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George Ward grew up in concession stands and box offices.
George Ward grew up in concession stands and box offices.
His parents, George Sr. and Ruth Ward, owned Inman's Moon Lite Drive-In, the Chesnee Drive-In and three area indoor theaters. His aunt and uncle, Azalea and Howard Chapman, owned and operated the Cherry Hill Drive-In in Cowpens.
But today, it's grease — not popcorn butter — that Ward washes from his hands.
His family has long been out of the theater business, although the Moon Lite marquee remains in front of the Ward Motor Company, a body shop Ward runs with his wife on Asheville Highway north of Inman.
That marquee and a white drive-in theater screen that looms over U.S. 29 west of Spartanburg are the only standing memorials to an age long lost, when drive-in theaters thrived in the Upstate.
The Moon Lite, named after the crescent shape cars made when parked for a showing, was the second drive-in to open near Spartanburg when it began showing movies in 1948, Ward said.
The first was the Scenic Drive-in, which opened near the corner of U.S. 29 and Cedar Crest Road in late 1947.
That theater eventually became the South 29 Drive-in. Its screen has long been in disrepair and a sign for the long-closed theater, faded and weathered, stands beside the highway.
During the heyday of drive-ins, Spartanburg County had more outdoor theaters than anywhere else in the Upstate.
Within decades, however, the businesses were withering from competition with at-home television and massive, indoor cinemas. Some began specializing in adult movies, and their owners or managers had run-ins with local lawmen for violating Blue Laws and showing X-rated features.
Slowly, the drive-ins went under and were demolished.
The last drive-in movie shown in Spartanburg County was screened in July 1985.
By industry estimates, fewer than 370 drive-in theaters remain nationwide, compared to more than 5,300 indoor theaters, according to D. Edward Vogel, administrative secretary of the United Drive-in Theatre Owners Association and owner of Bengies Drive-In in Baltimore.
Recent news articles, Vogel said, have extolled the resurgence of drive-in theaters or lamented their continued decline. But the truth, he said, is in between.
"There's neither a decline nor resurgence," he said, noting that the industry's numbers have been largely unchanged in the past decade.
Still, Vogel called drive-ins "a treasure," although they are far from their golden years.
At their peak in the 1950s, drive-ins numbered in thousands.
Today, only three operating drive-ins are within two hours of Spartanburg.
One of those theaters is the Auto Drive-in in Greenwood. The other two are about 20 miles apart from each other in the North Carolina foothills.
The Sunset Drive-in in Shelby, N.C., and the Bessemer City/Kings Mountain Drive-in are both owned by Rick Stinnett, who was born into the business and grew up in a home next to one of the theaters.
Stinnett, for years, has said drive-ins were more about the experience than the movies themselves.
Moviegoers, questioned before a showing of "Monsters University" at the Sunset in late June, said they traveled anywhere from just a few miles to as far as Tennessee to watch a movie under the big, 60-by-90-foot screen.
Before the movies began, customers played catch and other games in the space in front of the screen.
"I've been every year it's been open," said Emily Sims of Ellenboro, N.C., who brought her husband and daughters, Kaitlyn and Kelsey. "We like to come as often as we can."
Sims, whose family of four spends at least $60 at an indoor theater, said a trip to the drive-in can cost the family as little as $25.
"It's almost $30, just to get in an indoor theater," Sims said. "It's outrageous."
Many of the other families, which nearly filled the lot that holds 400 cars, said it was some combination of preference, nostalgia, novelty or cost that drove them to the Sunset.
Bridgette Martin of Gaffney said her family used to come "all the time" but have been away for several years.
Martin said she expects to be back.
"It costs a lot more," she said of going to indoor theaters.
It was a similar refrain across the drive-in.
Adam McNeely, who brought his three children from Forest City, N.C., said he was continuing a tradition from his own childhood.
He also praised the freedom of the drive-in, with the open spaces to allow his children, ages 5 to 7, to stretch before the show.
"They like being able to play, but the cost does factor in, too," McNeely said.
In Greenwood, the Auto Drive-In dates its history to 1945 but had been closed for more than a decade when Tommy and Carolyn McCutcheon bought the business.
After a year of repairs, the McCutcheons reopened the Auto and its 50-by-100-foot screen in 2009, she said.
Now, the McCutcheons have high hopes for the drive-in industry.
They have childhood memories of drive-ins and those memories helped spur them to buy and restore the Auto.
The Spartanburg County drive-ins, while now little more than memories, hold a special place in local lore, Ward said.
People can still point out where the theaters were.
The West-View on Reidville Road is now site of a Bi-Lo supermarket. The Camelot on Howard Street was replaced by a UPS Customer Center. The Thunderbird Drive-in on Asheville Highway is the site of the Spartanburg Flea Market.
At the Moon Lite, movies were a community event, Ward said, recalling how lines of cars would back onto the highway before showings.
Five or six years ago, Ward said he considered tearing down the old Moon Lite marquee. Instead, his son convinced him to restore it.
Now, he often has customers who reminisce about the drive-in.
"We take it for granted because most kids grew up with televisions," he said. "But you'd be surprised. This was a farming town. But the drive-in was big."
Until recently, many in the drive-in industry thought they would soon be out of business.
A shift to digital projection and away from the 35mm film used by many drive-ins doomed the industry, officials said.
At the Sunset, officials feared as late as December that they would soon be going under.
But the industry, full of camaraderie, pulled together, said Vogel, a third-generation drive-in owner.
"We're mom-and-pop businesses," he said. "There isn't a big boy in the bunch. At 99 percent of drive-ins, the owner is on the premise."
For now, film companies continue producing 35 mm movies, but Vogel and others said it's only a matter of time before drive-ins will be forced to invest in new technologies. An update not all will be able to afford.
"My fear is that we're going to lose a lot of drive-ins between now and next year," Vogel said. "Hollywood still makes film, but fewer and fewer prints every day."


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Woodbury police Chief Richard Vasquez, wrapping up a 16-hour shift at Woodbury Common at around 10:30 a.m., described remarkably smooth traffic, and a retail stampede either so modest or dispersed over the course of the morning that the outlet center's giant parking lot never filled up - even when shopping peaked at around 2 a.m.
Chris McKenna
11 a.m.: Woodbury police Chief Richard Vasquez, wrapping up a 16-hour shift at Woodbury Common at around 10:30 a.m., described remarkably smooth traffic, and a retail stampede either so modest or dispersed over the course of the morning that the outlet center's giant parking lot never filled up — even when shopping peaked at around 2 a.m.
"It was completely the opposite of what everyone told me," said Vasquez, recounting his first Black Friday at Woodbury Common since being hired to replace retired chief Robert Kwiatkowski this year. "There was no traffic."
The earlier opening of stores appears to have helped by extending the time when shoppers arrive and by separating their vehicles from the everyday traffic that takes place in daylight hours. This time around, about 60 outlet stores opened at 9 p.m. on Thanksgiving; the rest opened at midnight.
Chris McKenna
8:45 a.m.: Traffic flowing on 9W and there are plenty of parking spots around the Hudson Valley Mall in the Town of Ulster just outside Kingston. -- Mike Randall
8:30 a.m.: Cheryl Goodwin in Middletown said her brother David Nemo was on line at 4:30 Thursday afternoon at Sears for a 50-inch LED television. When the store opened at 8 they had only 15 sets. He was number 16. -- James Walsh
8:07 a.m.: Brad Freeman general manager of Galleria at Crystal Run, says the big crush was Thursday night. While the mall is quiet now, he expects it to pick up this afternoon. "We had a nice crowd (last night). Sears opened at 8 and Target at 9 and that drove a lot of people here. The rest of the mall opened at midnight, but some stores opened earlier to take advantage of the traffic that was here." -- James Walsh
7:45 a.m.: A free-standing display of toothbrushes at Walmart produced some unexpected buzz Friday. A Fresh 'n' Protect vibrating toothbrush had somehow been activated in its plastic case. Attempts to shut it off proved unsuccessful. When last seen, it was buzzing away in its cardboard display, while its brother toothbrushes surrounded it in silence. -- Jeremiah Horrigan
7:31 a.m.: Looks less like Black Friday and more like a typical Saturday afternoon at the Galleria at Crystal Run. No problem finding a place to park. A lot of walkers -- James Walsh
7:25 a.m.: At the Target store in Harriman Commons shoppers are able to walk up to registers without waiting in line. Just down the road, the parking lot at Woodbury Common is around half full with plenty of spots close to the outlets. Lines outside Levis and Uggs were still lengthy. -- Jessica DiNapoli
7:06 a.m.: "Four hundred dozen! And that's not counting bagels!" Deliveryman Dan Brown could hardly believe the number of donuts he'd dropped off early this morning at the Dunkin' Donuts on Ulster Avenue, directly across from the Hudson Valley Mall. Ordinarily, the place would get about 100 dozen, he said. He seemed as excited by the extra work Black Friday meant for him as any of the shoppers toting away flat-screen TVs up the road. "Hey," he said. "I'm on this side of the dirt. I'm an optimist, man." -- Jeremiah Horrigan
6:58 a.m.: Kelly Janil and Jeanne Barbosa from Liberty started their Black Friday shopping at 6 p.m. Thursday in Monticello and one of their first stops was the Walmart. Kelly doesn't like the idea of stores being open on the holiday but said, "It was hard to pass up because we wanted a laptop for my son. But we didn't get it because all they had were eleven in stock." By the time they got there the laptops were gone. -- James Walsh
6:49 a.m.: Need to pick up a toy? Good time to shop at Toys R Us in the Town of Wallkill. Parking lot is pretty clear. Not much traffic on Route 211. -- James Walsh
6:38 a.m.: Christine Rivera of Slate Hill, a Black Friday shopper for five years, says Kohl's in the Town of Wallkill might be quiet because the store opened at midnight. "We weren't going to come on Thanksgiving. That wouldn't be right. It's Black Friday, not Thanksgiving shopping day." -- James Walsh
6:32 a.m.: There have been Saturday afternoons when the Walmart in the Town of Wallkill has seen more customers than right now. -- James Walsh
6:22 a.m. Abe and Harriet Lefkowitz of Chester at 6 a.m. dropped their son off at Woodbury Common for his job and were heading into the Monroe Diner for breakfast. Abe later planes to drop Harriet at her DKNY job at 8. -- Jessica DiNapoli
6:18 a.m.: Plenty of parking spaces can be found at Walmart in the Town of Wallkill. Appears that at least half of the parking lot in front of the superstore is empty. -- James Walsh
5:30 a.m.: The owner of the Dugout snack bar in the Monroe area, Earl Cronk, allows Woodbury Common workers to park in his lot on Black Friday, said, John Wentink, who'se wife is the manager of the snack bar. The only other extra parking is off the Palisades Parkway over the mountain. -- Jessica DiNapoli
A group of students were drinking coffee and orange juice at Dunkin Donuts in Monroe after giving up on long lines at Curberry and Prada at the Woodbury Common. But coffee wasn't the biggest seller Black Friday morning at Dunkin Donuts. Vanilla Chai was the most popular drink said,. Bebon McCarthy an employee. -- Jessica DiNapoli
4:43 a.m.: Kohls in Monroe was in a lull with only a few diehard fans of the department store and a family that says they celebrate Black Friday more than Thanksgiving bargain-hunting the aisles. Bob Ostrowski of Blooming Grove and his wife were buying more than $600-worth of Kohl's blankets, golf shirts and toys. -- Jessica DiNapoli
3:58 a.m. A sure sign of an earlier Black Friday line: Piles of Dunkin Donuts and Starbucks coffee cups along the sidewalk inside of Best Buy in Monroe. Garbage cans are overflowing. -- Jessica DiNapoli
3:38 a.m. Target in Monroe was the second leg of some shoppers' Black Friday trip. Rosaleen DiGregorio of Brooklyn was pushing a full shopping cart around Target at 3:15 a.m. She left Woodbury Common at 2 a.m and planned on going to Walmart next. -- Jessica DiNapoli
2:57 a.m. -- One employee of the Starbucks in the Monroe Target demanded a co-worker make her something "really strong." The Big Box store was mostly quiet after between 400 to 500 people waited online for the Big Box shop's 9 p.m. opening, said store team leader Tina King. Some TVs were sold out. Employees were preparing for the next wave of shoppers expected to arrive at 4 a.m. -- Jessica DiNapoli
1:28 a.m. At Ultra Diamond at Woodbury Common they nearly sold out one of their Doorbusters, a black and white diamond ring. It is $197. The parking lot appears to be almost at capacity. Spots that were empty around 11 p.m. are now full and there are lines of cars waiting for people to leave their parking spots closer to the shops. -- Jessica DiNapoli
12:49 a.m. There is an immense line of people waiting for Moncler and Gucci at Woodbury Common. Leo Krkuti of Staten Island has spent half an hour waiting to buy one of the pricy coats from Moncler. Kaiyue Sun from Boston, Mass., has waited three hours to get into Gucci. She no longer wants to buy anything. Armani Exchange has been picked through and only has large sizes left, according one shopper. -- Jessica DiNapoli
12:16 a.m. Jamie Sullins waited 26 hours to get her ticket to buy. The Lake Katrine resident was the first in line outside the Kingston Best Buy. A portable recliner and good weather made it easier for her than she expected. -- Jeremiah Horrigan
12:02: Two shoppers from Mexico were waiting online at Salvatore Ferragamo at Woodbury Commons. Rafael Vega scored a Brooks Brothers suit for $54 at the outlet. Mabel Ramirez comes to Manhattan for 15 days each year specifically for Black Friday shopping at the commons. -- Jessica DiNapoli
11:25 p.m. At Dunkin Donuts across from the Hudson Valley Mall in Kingston is well-packed, mostly with young people, half of whom are standing in line texting. Jeremiah Horrigan
11:15 pm. Traffic coming in slow coming down 17 East from the north to Woodbury Commons. Coming in on 32 from Newburgh was fine. No traffic. There are lines for some stores including Northface, J. Crew and Guess.Much of the parking lot is full, but there are a few spots a five minute walk from the stores. -- Jessica DiNapoli
10:33 p.m.: There's a huge line at Best Buy in Kingston and the parking lot is full. Target is also open and customers are coming out with large carts that are full of merchandise. -- Kelly Marsh
9:38 p.m. - TOWN OF WALLKILL - Hundreds of shoppers have lined up outside the Target in the Town of Wallkill in anticipation of the store's 9 p.m. opening.
Employees are distributing energy bars and store maps to the waiting throng.
James Nani


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Online web designing jobs for students työt
Do some research on the subject of sharing advice among students. Write an article about WHY students need to give advice to their peers, and HOW student can benefit themselves by advising others (for example self-motivation). Then a paragraph should be dedicated to how students can do this by teaching peers at www.StudentTeachStudent.com. Finally
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Need writers to write on academic topics aimed at college students. Writers will be given topics along with reference material. They would need to write 200-250 worded articles for the topics shared. Will need 40 articles a month. We will pay at a per article basis.
I need a writer who can write about fashion, beauty, cosmetics and health. For more details inbox me.
it is necessary to create an application for mobility of cars for university students, where a user can be a driver or passenger, it would be an easy, simple and intuitive application with good design. It can be created in a framework that you create for Android and IOS at the same time.
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I need a 6-page paper written to show to my students I tutor on how to properly write and format a paper. This paper is in MLA format with 4 citations on: What makes democracy such that a threat to justice, according to Plato? To what extent, if at all, does he exaggerate that threat? Answer with reference to the critiques of democracy in Books 6
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I need somebodies to help me students or individual home workers only located in Unted States or North European, not Indian, Asian. Job description is Data Entry to post website part time.
Do some research on the subject of the students peer validation. Then, write an article about WHY students need to be validated by fellow students and the various WAYS students can benefit from peer validation and the benefits to society at large. The last paragraph should explain briefly that students can get recognition by teaching peers and getting
This is a study about the relation between cheating and students ethics at abu dhabi school students
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English teacher for Arab students in Saudi Arabia.
I need a logo designed. For a students' services website. The website is where students can place an order for writing an essay, writing a scientific paper, planning and building a graduation projects, etc. the website name is [kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n] and I would to have the follow address in the logo. TaQreer means an essay. I want the logo to be si...
I need a research paper related to Pakistani PhD students who is doing PhD in China. the topic is : influences of doctoral training on career expectations of pakistani PhD students i need a good quality paper no copy past from internet
he SMART GROWTH SOLUTIONS Training curriculum has the sta...of command, comprehension, motivation and practice in mentoring the students and develop their intellectual curiosity and advance knowledge, Skills and Attitude that will enlighten the individual and society. we provide a free soft skills and tally ,ms office training to students & employee.
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Peter Wehner has "detected in some of the conservative critics of Sarah Palin . . .a tendency to call attention to the fact that their position has (supposedly) made them, and their dear friends, vilified figures." Vilified, Peter writes, "means they receive angry e-mails or are on the receiving end of agitated to marginally agitated blog postings." This "conveniently allows for the opportunity to inject a bit of melodrama into the whole thing."
Peter is right, I think, that some of Palin's critics have over-reacted to criticism. There is an election going on, after all, and one should expect things to "get a little rambunctious."
On the other hand, I can understand why Palin's critics are vexed by the anti-intellectual and personal nature of attacks on them like this one by Jennifer Rubin. First, Rubin classifies Palin's critics as book writers with a "sterile" and "academic" approach to politics ("sterile" seems to mean unwilling to focus solely on how the "base" reacts to Palin). Then, she strips some of them of even this unfortunate status by asserting that they don't really care much about ideas either. Finally, her ad hominem attack complete, Rubin takes Palin's critics to task for refusing to make "reasoned arguments."
Being attacked this way in a blog post certainly doesn't make one a martyr. But such attacks are unfortunate, nonetheless.
I've always understood that it's impossible to fail a Rorschach Test. But some people on both sides of the Palin controversy are doing their best to accomplish this.
To comment on this post, go here.


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Rebirth plays an important role in the description of the Buddha's awakening.
Why does it play an "important" role in the description of the Buddha's awakening.?
It can do, however by saying "significant" you seem to suggest that someone who holds rebirth view has significantly more motivation than someone who doesn't, or did I misread you?Rebirth has a significant role to play in motivation, which has an impact on Right Effort and Right Action.


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Perkin Grey Oak effect Narrow top, base & shelf pack (W)278mm
Perkin Grey Oak effect Narrow top, base & shelf pack (W)278mm
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Version: 1.7 Updated
Platforms: Series 60, Series 80, Series 90, Symbian OS, UIQ
Distribution Type: Freeware
Downloads: 3937
File Size: 95 Kb
Twim is a mobile Twitter client. You can browse latest entries on your timeline and you can update your current status. Application requires Java MIDP 2.0 enabled mobile phone and it requires an internet connection for reading your timeline entries and updating your status.
Here are the main features:
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AP Sues Others For Copying Its Reporting, But Has No Problem Copying Bloggers Without Citation
from the can't-admit-the-bloggers-beat-you dept
Of course, the one I find most interesting is the Associated Press. The story published by the AP basically repeats a lot of what Danny put in his report, but fails to mention that Danny had the story first, and did a lot of the journalistic legwork in understanding what the story was about. Now, I've gone over this issue before in the past: and I don't see any legal reason why others should be required to cite their sources, but do believe it's the neighborly thing to do, and tends to lead to goodwill back in your direction as well.
But, when we're talking about the AP, this is an organization that has sent DMCA notices and threatened a blogger with legal action for linking to AP stories along with a headline and a short (35 word) excerpt. This is the organization that has claimed it was planning to sue others for creating similar stories and specifically sued All Headline News for supposedly rewriting its stories. This is also the same AP that thinks it gets to define fair use, and that means that any use of 5 words or more is not fair use. This is the same AP that claims that creating an entirely new artistic work based on an AP photograph is, in no way, fair use.
Yet, this AP has no problem making use of Danny's original reporting, without even so much as giving him credit?


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For Immediate Release
Media Contact: Julia Ferrante, email@example.com, 717-291-4062
LANCASTER, Pa. —
Farm life and other elements of the Amish and Mennonite lifestyle may reduce the likelihood of asthma, according to a recently released study based on survey data from Franklin & Marshall College.
The survey of Amish women's health was led by Berwood Yost, director of the Center for Opinion Research and the Floyd Institute for Public Policy at F&M, and published in May 2014 in the American Thoracic Society Journal. "Biobehavioral Risk Factors for Asthma in the Amish and General Populations of Central Pennsylvania" compared the significantly low rates of asthma among the Amish to increasing rates among the general population, and examined factors that might contribute to those rates.
Yost conducted the survey and study in collaboration with Kirk Miller, a professor of biology and co-chair of F&M's public health program. Also assisting were two Penn State medical doctors who presented the results at a San Diego conference of the American Thoracic Society in May, and F&M alumnae Anne Dimmock, Class of 2010, of Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Kristen Walters, Class of 2011, of Penn State University College of Medicine. Recent F&M graduate Zach Adams, the first public health major to graduate with honors in public health, also contributed to the project during his senior year.
In the interview transcribed below, Yost and Miller discuss how the project came about, what they discovered, and what comes next.
Question: What prompted this research?
Yost: With my staff here, and Kirk, we collected data on the general health of Amish women in 2004 and 2005. Since the Amish don't have phones, we consulted church directories. We then went to homes of the names we selected and conducted in-person interviews of 288 women. We did a phone survey of 2,002 non-Amish women in central Pennsylvania. Researchers at Penn State Hershey then came to us seeking specific data about asthma and wanted us to collaborate with them on a study. So, together we started looking at the data and noticed there was almost no asthma among Amish women compared to the general population. That's consistent with findings in other studies done in Indiana. We wanted to explore why.
There is a hypothesis that people who live on farms or in larger families or are exposed to potential disease are going to build a resistance. The hypothesis is that you can be too clean. So, we wanted to ask, if you put all these non-Amish women on a farm in a big house, would their asthma rates go down? If we created a sample of non-Amish that looks like our Amish sample, what would their rates be? We did propensity score matching to narrow down our samples so they looked alike. The idea is that you control for these things: whether they live on farm, household size, body mass index, diet and depression.
We essentially created a comparison group that was as Amish-like as possible. Accounting for these things, we found there is some evidence that the low rate of asthma is owed to the Amish lifestyle. Some of these things do seem to matter. Now, what else matters? That's what the next phase of our research will explore.
Q: What conclusions have you been able to draw?
Miller: Are there lifestyle factors that affect asthma, like living on a farm or living in a big family, and diet? The answer is yes, but we have to confirm that. The second question is: accounting for all these things, do the Amish still have a lower rate of asthma? One theory is the Amish's exposure to horses reduces their chances for asthma. Then there's the question: do farm dwellers who are not Amish experience the same low rates of asthma? There's the question of whether it's related to microbiomes, microorganisms that share our body in the gut or lungs. These have health implications that we are just starting to realize.
Researchers have recently discovered that eating yogurt relieves depression, so apparently bacteria in your gut affect your mood. It's possible that bacteria in your lungs could affect asthma. Are we too clean? Maybe, but on the other hand, rates of asthma among inner-city children are considerably higher, and the trigger seems to be cockroaches. Genetics could also be a factor. If we can separate the genetics from the cleanliness, that would be interesting.
Q: What is the next step for this project?
Yost: Kirk and I have designed the next phase's survey, which we will be doing in the fall. We're going to do a health assessment of Amish and Plain Mennonite men and women, asking, of course, about asthma and other factors. That could help answer some of the questions this study has raised. But the survey is important for another reason: There has never been a community health needs assessment among the Amish or Plain Mennonites.


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Art as therapy is not uncommon. It's a way to release pent-up feelings, but can also breathe new life into the artist and give that person a way to express his feelings.
For Santa Fe artist Marck Romero, art has provided a way for him to release his inner feelings and has given him a new lease on life.
As a recovering addict, Romero found his inner artist while in jail. Clean for three years, art came from sobriety. "It's always something I wanted to do, but never did it," he said. He said he got clean, reconnected with his spirit and was able to do art.
Romero is no stranger to the creative process, however. He used to be a tattoo artist and is a guitarist and vocalist in XMortis, a heavy metal/thrash band. He's also pursuing a degree in drug and alcohol abuse counseling and is scheduled to graduate from Santa Fe Community College next year.
"Getting clean did so much for me," he said.
Romero said drawing is a favorite thing for him to do, but the art he's been creating recently isn't just about drawing. It's about bringing his creations to life by putting paint on wood. But if you're thinking retablo-style work, think again. Romero's creations are dark and 3D.
"I started working with wood and painting, it's therapeutic," Romero said. "I get to purge whatever I'm holding inside and needs to be released."
He said when he was a child, he was fascinated with skeletons. "It's carried through (to his art). The skeleton is the cage to our soul. It's a representative of our mortal being," Romero said.
Most of Romero's pieces are untitled, but that's OK. They don't need titles to get the point across.
He said he cuts shapes out of wood, then paints them, giving them a 3D feel. His creations take a while to complete, but that's just part of the creative process. He said often, he starts a piece and then puts it away for a little while.
He creates a lot of Day of the Dead-type art, ranging from traditional Dia de los Muertos skeleton faces, to Zia symbols with skulls inside of them. But not all of his art is like that. One particular piece is a black cross, with red roses on three of the corners and the Virgin of Guadalupe in the center.
Romero also creates some whimsical pieces like the one titled, "Keef," which is a skeleton clad in a leopard-print jacket, jeans and Converse sneakers, complete with a cigarette clenched between his teeth and headband holding back his hair. The bag of bones is holding a guitar, just in case the imagine of Keith Richards isn't clear enough.
That also happens to be his favorite piece.
"I was able to embody the vision I had for it. My vision of it came through."
Another of his creations is a skeleton version of Captain Jack Sparrow from the "Pirates of the Caribbean" movies. He captures the essence of the character by adding Sparrow's signature red headband and beads on both hair and beard. He has even added Sparrow's mustache, gold teeth and dreadlocks to the piece.
Not everyone is appreciative of his subject matter, however. His work was on display at his sister's shop, Hair Bling and Things at Santa Fe's DeVargas Center, next to Zales.
The management at DeVargas Center asked that his work be obscured because it was "offensive." Though they did not ask him to completely remove it that still did not diminish the feelings of rejection for Romero. But despite that obstacle, he said he "just takes it as it comes."
These days, his work can be seen at Masks y Mas, at Central and Nob Hill in Albuquerque.
"I want it (his art) to be a legacy I leave behind. They're pieces of me left behind. I'm not creating art just to sell it. I'm selling it to get it out to the world and leave my mark, even if it's a tiny dent," he said.
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