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To read all comments associated with this story, please click here.
I've canceled out some of the negative votes, I'd like to diffuse this as much as possible. Let me welcome you to osnews. I have no idea why your original post went negative, but one thing you should bare in mind is that many of us regulars are critical of the voting system because the rules are so convoluted that they don't mean very much and in some cases it seems likely that the trolls are using duplicate voting accounts.
Although in the future try to stop yourself from generalizing over our collective ignorance
It's good to see other OS devs around. I'm experienced with x86, never touched the motorola's.
"Umm... for those who don't understand why trig is a big deal, the 6502 didn't even have MUL or DIV"
mul and div are easy to emulate, but the performance must have been awful no? I am curious what algorithm you chose for trigonometry. A polynomial expansion of the taylor series would seem to be very expensive on a processor that lacks native floating point. My own gut tells me that a small lookup table combined with linear or cubic interpolation would give enough accuracy for the majority of graphing purposes. Would you elaborate on your algorithm?


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NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partners. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Friday, September 9, 2016
MTS and infertility
Is there a correlation between Mesial Temporal Sclerosis and infertility?
There is not a specific association of mesial temporal sclerosis and infertility, but patients with epilepsy do have a higher rate of infertility. The causes may include epilepsy medications or the seizures may have effects on the release of hormones that are important for pregnancy.
Visit the Epilepsy Foundation`s Women and Epilepsy Initiative web site listed below.
David M Ficker, MD
Associate Professor
College of Medicine
University of Cincinnati

subset: commoncrawl


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That is the takeaway from this poll by The Morning Consult, which sampled 2,076 registered voters. The results generally indicate a high level of opposition to Obamacare–no surprise there–but what most struck me was the response to this question:
The question is of course ridiculous: no one has proposed "legislation that proposes to shut down the government if Congress does not defund" Obamacare. Some Republicans have proposed passing a spending resolution that funds everything except Obamacare, but the government would only shut down if the Democrats decide that is to their political advantage to refuse to pass any spending bill. The Republican proposal is to shut down only Obamacare, not the government.
Yet, despite that biased presentation of the question, the results are almost even: 48% approve of the alleged proposal to shut down the government, while 53% disapprove. Among the coveted Hispanic demographic, the breakdown is 55/45. It would seem, therefore, that if the Republicans play their cards right, they can box the Democrats into a position where the Dems' decision to shut down the government would do them little or no good politically, and meanwhile, Obamacare might actually be defunded.


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More than 100 Australians are believed to be fighting with extremist groups in Iraq and Syria, prompting the federal government to warn it will crackdown on homegrown terrorists.
Foreign Minister Julie Bishop on Tuesday vowed to continue cancelling the passports of Australians suspected of being a threat to national security, including those thinking of going abroad to fight.
The government suspects that 150 citizens have left Australia for battlefields abroad, with the majority believed to be actively involved in conflicts in Syria and Iraq.
Ms Bishop said the Middle East conflict was attracting a "disturbingly large" number of foreign fighters, and the risk posed by those returning to Australia could not be understated.
"The Syrian-Iraq conflict is now a growing threat to global security and is one of the most serious challenges to Australia's domestic security for some time," she told parliament on Tuesday.
Ms Bishop said the government was keeping a close on eye on extremists and those it suspected of fundraising or recruiting for these groups.
Fighting for terrorist groups outlawed by Australian law such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant carries jail penalties of up to 25 years.
Ms Bishop also said Australia was expanding its counter-terrorism co-operation with regional partners such as Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.
Earlier on Tuesday, Prime Minister Tony Abbott flagged tougher measures to prevent home-grown jihadists returning to Australia.
"The government that stopped the boats will stop the jihadists," Mr Abbott told a coalition joint party room meeting in Canberra on Tuesday.
Coalition MPs discussed the possibility of tougher measures to prevent radicalised Australians returning home, bringing with them the capability of launching attacks.
Mr Abbott said that while there would be no new invasion of Iraq to quell the violence in that country's north, Australia would redouble its efforts to protect its national security.
He said it was not an issue of religion but rather about extremism, illegality and violence.
"We should never do anything to sully our reputation as a beacon of hope and freedom for people from across the world," he said.
"We will not let our country down in rising to this latest national security challenge."
During the debate, two MPs backed the cancellation of citizenship for dual citizens.
Mr Abbott said the government would put in place the best possible safeguards against people who would do the country harm.
He said this would be done in an intelligent, sensitive, decent, humane but - most importantly - effective way.
Immigration Minister Scott Morrison said during the debate that most Australians involved in jihadist activity were not dual-citizens.


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Upcoming 2018 Holiday Closures: In observance of Thanksgiving, we will be closed Thursday, November 22nd and Friday, November 23rd. In observance of Christmas, we will be closed Friday December 21st through Wednesday December 26th. We will return to regular business hours immediately following any listed holiday. We apologize for any delay in processing your order.
Customer Reviews
LOVE this seasoning! I use it on pasta, pizza, roasted veggies, etc. Why can\'t I find it in the stores ... especially if it\'s listed as your #2 top seller?
Tammy, Sep 26th 2015
Recently I made the best marinara sauce ever with this product. Fantastic stuff.
Big Bad John, Nov 7th 2014
We thought we had lost this product and were crying a river of tears!!! I can't tell you how much we just love this herbal spice combo. We use it on and in anything that that involves cheese & tomatoes. Yum!!!
Lori Hunt, Aug 6th 2014
Great spice once you use it you will be hooked!! This really needs to be put back in the supermarkets.
rkennell4, Dec 4th 2013
I use this all the time. Especially good on vegetables & potatoes. PLEASE make it available in canister size!!!
Leslie, Nov 25th 2013
My husband has an extreme heart condition. In addition to his medications, implant, his dr has prescribed low sodium diet. I love to cook good-tasting dishes; it has been tuff transitioning recipes--your no salt spices are incredibly delicious especially Pasta Magic!!! This is a TEN-star product!!! Don't even know there is no salt in it!!! Thank you...keep em coming!!!
H Evans, Jun 28th 2013
I LOVE this seasoning, I use it on almost everything I cook. It's my little secret everyone wants to know.
lucia, Nov 9th 2012
This is the Best seasoning i've ever had! goes great on everything!!!!!Hoping they make a version without the red pepper as my girlfriend does not care for spicy things.Although it tastes so good she eats it anyway!
Dan M., Sep 8th 2012
Best spice ever!!!! I even use it in my white sauces, not just my tomato sauces!!
Kelly, Jun 6th 2012
I LOVE pizza and pasta seasoning...I use it every time I make Italian dishes and sometimes non-Italian dishes. It\'s the perfect blend!
Purvi, Feb 21st 2012
This stuff even turns Hamburger Helper into a gourmet dish. Fantastic!!!
jon zimmerman, Jan 15th 2012
Last week found this in Albertsons at Largo Mall. I've been looking for ages and was shocked any store had it. They also had the spicy kind. It adds terrific flavor to foods
Kathy, Dec 4th 2011
I agree with all the other comments, I LOVE this seasoning, I use it on almost everything I cook. It is versatile and adds nice flavor to most dishes. Have been unable to find it since moving to FL, glad I can order it here!
Jennifer, Nov 14th 2011
I LOVE this product. I have been looking for it in every grocery store I've gone in lately and was super excited when I found it last night!!! I ended up stocking up on it. It sure makes my homemade pizzas taste great! LOVE IT!!
Kym, Aug 21st 2011
The uses for this spice are limitless! I absolutely love it and recommend it to anyone looking to add a flavorful kick to their dinner! I put it on my pizza, chicken, pasta, and even fried mozzarella!
Anon, Jul 30th 2011
Love It,Best Ever!!!!! I Order 10 bottles once a year. Use it in preparing all pasta dishes/pizzas & also give as gifts...everyone comments on how good it smells and tastes. Please don't stop making this.
Marcia, Jun 23rd 2011
Great taste. Great with pizza and pasta!
teibore, May 22nd 2011
I love the Pizza & Pasta Magic, along with the Hot & Sweet! I have been so frustrated looking for this in the grocery stores. I am so happy its still available. Please don't stop making this. It flavors my sauces perfectly!
Lorrie, Mar 31st 2011
This is the best stuff please put it back in the stores!!!!!!! The best part is that it has no sodium in it. It's given my husband some taste back since he has a heart problem. so happy!!! needs to be back on the shelf please
gunner12, Jan 24th 2011
I always use this in Italian dishes. It is great and I have been using it for about 4 years now.....
SIlvermoonsTowing, Dec 26th 2010
Awesome product! Hate that I can't find it in stores anymore but am delighted to purchase it here! Keep making it! Pizza and subs are not the same without it!!!
Linda, Dec 25th 2010
My family uses Pizza and Pasta on so many things. We ran out recently and my son is very upset. I don't know where to get it in the stores so I am glad I can order it online.
Linda, Aug 30th 2010
OMGosh am I glad this is still available on-line. Herbal Pizza and Pasta Magic is the BEST seasoning for EVERYTHING. I put it on eggs, broccoli, pizza, .... almost everything. THe stores around here stopped carrying it... PLEASE don't stop making it !!
Marla in Indiana, Aug 29th 2010
OMGosh am I glad this is still available on-line. Herbal Pizza and Pasta Magic is the BEST seasoning for EVERYTHING. I put it on eggs, broccoli, pizza, .... almost everything. THe stores around here stopped carrying it... PLEASE don't stop making it !!
Marla in Indiana, Aug 29th 2010
This is the best all around seasoning for anything Italian. Could not find in the stores anymore. I am glad I can now by online, but why not in the stores anymore?
Suzzane, , Jul 18th 2010
Pizza and Pasta Magic is now the secret ingedient in many of my dishes. I even use it for shrimp and steak marinades! Can't live without it... Please package it in larger quantities for us addicts!
Eileen, Jun 21st 2010
This is the true secret to pizza. PLEASE PUT IT BACK IN STORES!!!
Larry , May 24th 2010
Love this seasoning! This and the Hot & Sweet are the secret ingredients to my spaghetti sauce. I was so disappointed when my area stores stopped carrying it. PLEASE PUT IT BACK IN STORES!!!
Dawn, Mar 28th 2010
This and the Hot and Sweet are the secret to my spaghetti sauce. I was lost when I couldn't find it in any of our area stores. PLEASE PUT IT BACK IN THE STORES!!!
Dawn, Mar 28th 2010
Why do you not sell this in stores...only online. I order 3 bottles at a time, and the shipping fee increases the cost to over $5 per bottle.
Bob, Mar 13th 2010
Won't make Pizza without it
jerry, Mar 9th 2010
This stuff is the secret to my spaghetti and meatballs!! It's the best!! Cannot cook without it! Please make it available in stores again!
Katrina, Oct 30th 2009
I LOVE this stuff! I use it on my panini's before I grill them too. Incredible flavor!
Diane, Oct 29th 2009
love it! Great for pizza, pasta, and anything else.
MissPriss, Oct 6th 2009
This is GREAT on pizza and lasagna! I was surprised when I saw it only had 3.3 stars but as I looked over the reviews, I noticed that some people that LOVED it forgot to click the stars and they end up giving it 0/5 instead of 5/5!
Penny, Sep 24th 2009
BEST SEASONING EVER for pizza and red sauces. Can't live without it, though have moved to an area where it's not easy to find it, so now I buy it here. So grateful to be able to get it!
Lisa - NC, Sep 5th 2009
this stuff is amazing. we started selling pizzas at my job (a state park camp store) and my boss brought this in after we said the pizzas they got weren't very good. after adding this seasoning though, no one can stop eating those same terrible pizzas! lol it's probably not very politically correct but he actually calls it "Pizza Cocaine". i really wish stores would start to carry it again though because this is the only place i can find it now. :(
SoCoolCurt, Aug 15th 2009
I love this stuff. I use it on everything! Since I found I am allergic to gluten I have had to alter my diet and nothing has flavor! This adds the flavor back!
Cindy, Aug 1st 2009
This is by far, the best seasoning I have ever tasted! I'm so happy I found it here online, as I was conserving what little we had, as no stores here carry it!
Cap'n Jon, May 31st 2009
i use this when i make my spaghetti and i will never make spaghetti again if you dont put this back in stores im dissapointed to not see it in stores. When i was purchising this in stores it was alot cheaper as well why is it not cheaper online
Mike, Apr 12th 2009
I've missed this seasoning!!! We can no longer get it in our area. Thanks for offering it online!!!
Pam, Mar 11th 2009
I haven't been able to find this in the stores since I bought it the first time, so I was thrilled to find it here. It is wonderful to add to anything you need Italian seasoning on. I put it on the table after adding it to dishes so guests can use extra if they desire.
Lanette, Mar 10th 2009
This is the best seasoning out there. Meijer\'s has stopped carrying it so I am sending an e-mail to the retail division to see if any other stores carry it on the shelf. If not, I will have to buy a few on-line.
Ryan, Mar 5th 2009
I add this in my meat for Tacos , Burritos and Meatloaf and all my guest rave about it.
KElly, Feb 8th 2009
When all the stores around us stopped stocking pizza & pasta magic I came here to find it. Cooking italian without it made my family ask what was missing. Thanks for making it available!
Thomas, Jan 18th 2009
this is by far the greatest seasoning ever! i use it in and on everything, pizza, pasta, soups, there is just no end! adds just the right touch to everything i have tried it on!!
Distance, Jan 9th 2009
This stuff is great on pizza, but it's even better on pasta!
Terry, Dec 19th 2008
It is also great in spaghetti. We put it on bread with more parmesean and added a little ketchup then toasted it. My 4yr. old loved!
Tee, Dec 16th 2008
When I cook pizza from stratch at the firehouse everyone raves about it and they want to know how I do it. Herbal Pizza & Pasta Magic is the key.
Fireman Patrick, Dec 9th 2008
This stuff is the greatest. It can make a frozen storebrand pizza taste like it came from the best italian restuarant. (Can\'t do much for the cheap crust, but gives it a flavor like you wouldn\'t believe!)
PineyGirl2007, Nov 12th 2008
Very good. Use it on much more then just pizza and pasta.
Paul, Oct 23rd 2008


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Through an info sharing agreement, our data is as up to date and realtime as that used by local real estate professionals
We are locally owned and operated! We think having extensive info on our great area schools, places to see, where to dine and a bunch more Info is a very important part of our website
If you want to see if a particular home is open, or if you want To scout out opens in general, this is the place to look for it.
Access to the property is always the Seller's choice. One choice among others is the use of an electronic lockbox.
What areas, styles and price ranges are selling the best and more...
A compendium of the more far out real estate topics and articles
Coldwell Banker Faith Properties has a long standing tradition in the Utica Rome area. Locally owned and operated, the company was only the second Coldwell Banker affiliate in the New York state. With offices in South Utica, NY, the company is very strong in the entire Utica Rome area, including Clinton, New Hartford, Whitesboro, Deerfield, Yorkville, Marcy,Herkimer, Ilion, and all surrounding areas. We also have excellent connections in the Saratoga region and the Adirondack Mountains.Located in a beautiful old building, our offices once housed priests from a nearby church. Formed on the principles of honesty, integrity, and putting the client first.


text: Korean Job Discussion Forums :: View topic - Money, Tax, Credit Cards & the Economy Speak Korean Now! Korean Job Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in Money, Tax, Credit Cards & the Economy Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> FAQ View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message waterbabyJoined: 01 Feb 2003Location: Baking Gord a Cheescake pie Posted: Thu May 13, 2004 7:23 am Post subject: Money, Tax, Credit Cards & the Economy 4- Money, Tax, Credit Cards & the Economy Tax 1. Tax Information for US Citizens 2. Canadian Taxes for Ex-pats The Decline of the Won 1. Money International ATM cards 1. Which Korean ATM Cards Work Outside Korea? 2. Where can I withdraw cash on my Visa? 3. Foreign ATM cards in korea PINs 1. ATM PIN QUESTION 2. Problems With Four-Digit Bank Card PINs in Korea? Tips for Saving Money 1. Making and Saving Tips Exchanging Money 1. 100,000 won "check" 2. Sending money home...Need advice 3. Traveller's Checks 4. Carrying a Wad Full of Won around SE Asia 5. Is it Better to Exchange Won in Korea or in the US? 6. Banking and Currency Exchange Sending and Buying Currency 1. Sending and Buying Currency 2. Traveller's cheques instead of cash? 3. transfering money 4. sending money home 5. Taking cash out of here 6. Sending money home to Canada.... 7. wire fees fiasco 8. sending money overseas..HOW?? Banks 1. banking in Kwangju 2. Withdrawing money during one's first month in SK 3. Citibank Questions 4. Shinhan Bank Questions 5. The best bank in Korea Credit Cards 1. Korean Credit Cards 2. How to Get a Korean Credit Card 3. Credit cards for 'Professors'? 4. Mastercard in Korea? 5. Korean Credit Cards 6. american express cardholders - a question Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Korean Job Discussion Forums Forum Index -> FAQ All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Forums:----------------FAQJob-related Discussion ForumGeneral Discussion ForumOff-Topic ForumTravel ForumCurrent Events ForumTechnology ForumBuy/Sell/Trade Forum You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum This page is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Contact Dave's ESL Cafe Copyright © 2018 Dave Sperling. All Rights Reserved. Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group TEFL International Supports Dave's ESL Cafe


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This story has been updated.
A St. Patrick's Day leprechaun paid a visit to the County Office Building on Friday, courtesy of the American Red Cross, and dropped in on Westchester County Executive Rob Astorino.
"Look who stopped by my office this morning!'' tweeted Astorino, who declared March as Red Cross Month.
A reader later identified the lucky leprechaun as Yvette Scardera.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


text:
Peterborough's Eastern Mountain Sports acquired by private equity firmBy MEGHAN PIERCE
Union Leader Correspondent
November 26. 2012 6:54PM
PETERBOROUGH - Eastern Mountain Sports has been acquired by Philadelphia-based Versa Capital Management LLC.
Headquartered in Peterborough, outdoor retailer EMS has 69 retail locations in 12 Eastern states and employs about 1,500 people.
"With Versa on board, all EMS associates can remain focused on delivering the very best level of support to our stores and to our customers during this holiday shopping season," said EMS CEO Will Manzer in a news release. He was unavailable for comment Monday.
Versa Capital announced the acquisition on Monday, but declined to disclose additional information including the details of the terms of the purchase.
According to the release, Mark Walsh, a Versa principal and chairman of Bob's Stores, a Northeastern apparel retailer and part of the Versa portfolio, is to serve as chairman of the board of EMS.
"EMS brings a 45-year history of marketing products for serious outdoor enthusiasts; as such, it is a natural fit for our existing expertise in both the retail and outdoor sectors," said Gregory L. Segall, CEO of Versa Capital, in the news release. "With a new capital structure and the other resources that Versa can offer, EMS will have many new opportunities to develop its branded products and better serve its customers."
No major initiatives are to be considered until the company finishes the important holiday season, the companies said. Plans include exploring opportunities for Bob's Stores and EMS to collaborate, and for maintaining all of the current EMS stores.
Versa is a private equity investment firm with $1.2 billion of assets and a portfolio that includes Bob's Stores, Avenue Stores and Black Angus Steakhouses.


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WARREN, Ohio (AP) — Hundreds of mourners in a flocked Friday to the first of six funerals for the teenagers killed when a speeding sport utility vehicle crashed last weekend in northeast Ohio.
Fifteen-year-old Kirklan Behner was remembered for his charismatic personality, the Youngstown Vindicator reported.
Family and friends said Behner, a ninth-grader, loved to make others laugh and was known to shovel snow or carry groceries to help his neighbors.
Warren Mayor Doug Franklin said he worked alongside Behner on two different cleanup projects.
"He had something that caused adults to gravitate to him," Franklin said. "He had a joyful spirit that was contagious. From that point on, I felt like he was a part of my family."
Behner and five other teens drowned Sunday when an SUV struck a guardrail and flipped into a swampy pond in Warren, about 50 miles southeast of Cleveland.
Authorities say the 19-year-old driver didn't have a valid license. Her funeral services are scheduled Saturday.
Four more teenage boys also died. Their funeral services are planned between Sunday and Tuesday.
Pastor Anthony L. Davis of Genesis Christian Community Center said he questioned God about why Behner died so soon.
"God had to remind me that his time ain't like our time," Davis told mourners. "He also had to remind me that he doesn't take everyone through the same process of promotion. God said I have something better than just a high-school diploma."


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Free Homeowners Handbook now availableUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
Communications Leader
May 18th marked the beginning of hurricane awareness week in Hawaiʻi. This is the time to gather information on protecting your family and property from a hurricane before such a storm strikes our shores. This is also the time to take those critical, potentially life-saving steps toward safeguarding your home in the event of a devastating storm.
The Homeowner's Handbook to Prepare for Natural Hazards, published by the University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program, provides detailed information on how to prepare your home for a hurricane and other natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, and floods. Protecting your home often means protecting your family. The handbook outlines small and cost-effective steps that can significantly reduce the risks of damage and loss due to a natural hazard. Dennis Hwang, lead author of the handbook notes "Even last year, tropical storm Flossie could have caused damage to houses without hurricane clips - typically houses built before the late 1980's to early 1990's. Therefore it is important to prepare and the handbook provides key information to help the homeowner get ready."
Due to an overwhelming response from the public, all printed copies from the initial printing were distributed within a very short time. Thanks to generous support from the State Civil Defense Agency, funding was made available to re-print this free publication.
The popularity and pertinence of the handbook has prompted local Wal-Mart stores to make copies available to customers. "We're proud to offer this preparedness guide for our customers in partnership with Islander Group," said Tom Munson, Hawaiʻi Merchandise Manager for Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. "Our islands are prone to a variety of natural disasters and this book helps with key tips for preparation and awareness."
Free printed copies of the handbook are available for pick-up at the University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program. A $5.00 shipping and handling fee will apply to mailed orders. The handbook is also available for free on-line and can be downloaded from the University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program website: www.soest.hawaii.edu/seagrant.
The University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program supports an innovative program of research, education and extension services directed to the improved understanding and stewardship of coastal and marine resources of the state, region and nation. Science serving Hawai'i and the Pacific for 40 years.
For more information, visit: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/SEAGRANT


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DALLAS (AP) — George W. Bush jokes there was a time in his life that he "wasn't likely to be found in a library, much less found one."
He delivered several jokes Thursday during his speech at the dedication ceremony for his library and museum at the Southern Methodist University campus in Dallas.
Bush said America must work to "expand the reach of freedom." Tears welled in his eyes as he concluded, saying the nation's best days are ahead.
He joined President Barack Obama and the three other living presidents — including his father, George H.W. Bush — at the ceremony.
Before Bush's speech, the U.S. Army Chorus played "Battle Hymn of the Republic." During the music, Obama was seen with his arm around former first lady Barbara Bush as they chatted.


text: skinnymalinky Posted December 19, 2008 The old FM just about ran on my rather ancient PC, but I'm really struggling with this newer version. I've disabled the 3D match engine, the sounds, the players photos and use no additional players, but I still take a good 1/2 hr to get through one match running key highlights. I would switch the game level down but have read that this game produce irregular results and somewhat compromises the realism of the game. Is there any other methods by which I can speed up processing times? I'm not willing to use anything other than a huge database. On second thoughts, could my machine have a virus that would cause FM to run much, much slower than previous versions? Or is it just simply that SI have made this version much more noticeably processor heavy? Thanks 0 Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Difference between revisions of "Chance News 36"
BillJefferys (Talk | contribs)
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Submitted by Laurie Snell
Submitted by Laurie Snell
Revision as of 11:35, 3 May 2008
Come, said Slartibartfast, you are to meet the mice. Your arrival on
the planet has caused considerable excitement. It has already been hailed, so I gather, as the third most improbable event in the history of the Universe. What were the first two? Oh, probably just coincidences.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Douglas Adams
Sex and Cereal
A sure way to obtain column inches in the media for biological/medical research is to study sex selection and relate it to something unexpected. In this instance, 740 pregnant women were asked to fill out a survey which dealt with their physical characteristics, habits and most of all, daily dietary intakes.
The Independent: "Big breakfast is most important meal -- if you want a baby boy."
Reuters: "Skipping breakfast may mean your baby is a girl."
New Scientist: "Breakfast cereals boost chances of conceiving boys."
CNN.com: "Study shows bananas make baby boys."
New York Times: "Boy or Girl? The Answer May Depend on Mom's Eating Habits."
Choosing a provocative title doesn't hurt "You are what your mother eats: evidence for maternal preconception diet influencing foetal sex in humans." According to the lead author, "If you want a boy, eat a healthy diet with a high calorie intake, including breakfast." From the New Scientist, "When the researchers divided the women into groups with high, medium and low intake of energy, they found that 56% of women in the high-energy group had boys, compared with 45% in [the] lowest group." Further, "Cereal intake had a bigger effect," producing 59% boys when eating one or more bowlfuls per day, "compared with only 43% who bore boys in the group eating less than a bowlful per week." The researcher tested many foods and found only cereal "significantly associated with infant sex."
1. Here is a wiki which looks at a different study-on mice-which also claims that nutrition affects the percentages of males and females. Which of the two is an experimental study and which is an observational study?
2. The current study was done in England and of the 740 mothers-to-be, 301 (approximately 40%) said they currently were smokers. Why would this fact cast doubt on the conclusions being applied to the United States?
3. Eating cereal for breakfast is a very American habit, duplicated in few countries; even those other countries, such as England where cereal is eaten for breakfast, have nowhere near the selection possibilities obtainable in the United States. Many industrialized countries eat little or no breakfast at all. What then should the male/female ratio be for these countries?
4. It is often said that many cereals are really candies in disguise. If so, should the mother-to-be "cut to the chase" and just have a candy bar for breakfast? If not, why not?
5. Instead of the customary .05 level, the researchers chose a p-value < 01 for determining statistical significance. Why did they lower the p-value?
6. The researchers keep referring to a "bowl of cereal." Why is this an exceedingly inexact measure?
Submitted by Paul Alper
Monty Hall Psychology
Professors Craig R. Fox and Jonathan Levav have written an interesting paper Partition-Edit-Count: Naïve Extensional Reasoning in Judgment of Conditional Probability, They conducted several experiments to see how Duke University students interpreted and performed on probability problems especially when given alternative phrasing. For example, (a distant version of the Monty Hall problem) they considered three pharmaceutical companies, A, B, and C. Half the students were told "the FDA will publish a report in which it will reveal which of the three drugs is most effective." The other half were told "the FDA will publish a report in which it will rank the three drugs from the most effective to least effective." All the students were then informed that an independent lab definitively found that A is more effective than C.
The first group of students was asked to find "the probability that the FDA will identify A as the most effective of the three." The second group was asked to find "the probability that the FDA's rankings will list A ahead of both B and C." The correct answer is 2/3 rather than 1/2 irrespective of the wording. In the first group, 10% of 67 obtained the correct answer; in the second group, 23% of 62 obtained the correct answer. Fox and Levav present an explanation of the thought processes at work based on partitioning, editing and counting.
1. Near the end of the paper the authors state: "Moreover, despite the fact that participants could have solved all three puzzles computationally by invoking Bayes theorem or the definition of conditional probability, a very small proportion of these respondents seemed to attempt a computational answer, and none of the participants who explicitly invoked a formula arrived at the correct solution." Use Bayes theorem to obtain the correct answer.
2. The allegation is that this particular problem is "a distant version of the Monty Hall problem." Show how A, B, and C relate to the goats, doors and car.
3. Fox and Levav offered prize money for participation in these problems. In particular, an MBA student was offered $20 for the above problem. For some other problems, $1 was offered to anyone in the Duke University student center. Explain the discrepancy.
4. The authors claim that it makes sense that the second wording, the one with the word "rank," would more likely lead to a correct six-fold partitioning (ordering of events such as ABC, ACB, etc.) and easy editing and counting. The first wording, emphasizes "most effective," which has a three-fold partitioning (A most effective, B most effective, C most effective). Edit and count the second wording to come up with the correct 2/3. Edit and count the first wording to come up with the wrong answer, 1/2.
5. Comparing the difference in the proportion of successes for the two different wordings, the authors claim via a chi-square test that the value of chi-square is 3.5 leading to a p-value of about .06. Perform a chi-square test to duplicate their result. Perform a difference of proportions test using Fisher's exact test and show that the p-value is closer to .093. Why is the authors' p-value result of .06 incorrect?
Brain Exercise
A currently popular medical model is that physical exercise by the elderly may help to prevent Alzheimer's disease. From the Minneapolis Star Tribune, April 17, 2008 we learn that "Each year about 15 percent of the people with MCI [mild cognitive impairment] develop Alzheimer's, compared with 1 to 2 percent of all people age 65 and older." The article discusses a Mayo Clinic study of 868 randomly chosen "people ages 70 to 89 [who] were asked to record their exercise habits when they were between 50 and 65." There were 740 normal people, 20 % of whom "said they exercised one to two times per week" and 128 who had MCI, 13.4 % of whom said they exercised one to two times per week.
1. Assume that 13.4 % of 128 is 17. Do a chi-square test to obtain a p-value. Ignoring Fisher's exact test, do a test for the difference of proportions with and without assuming pooling. Compare the three p-values obtained and explain the discrepancies.
2. Fisher's exact test yields yet a different p-value. Is the customary "statistical significance" obtained? Why is this test better than the chi-square or the naïve difference of proportions with or without pooling?
3. What lurking (hidden) variables might exist in this study?
4. The results of this study were presented at a conference of the American Academy of Neurology but not in a peer reviewed journal. How does this affect your view of the worthiness of the paper? If the study were related to a commercial product promoting exercise, how would this affect your view of the worthiness of the study?
Submitted by Paul Alper
When a lower prize was bigger than the Jackput in the UK 6/49 Lottery
A comment on the item in Chance_News_35, about when 106 people matched 5 numbers only, yet 239 matched 5 + Bonus in the Canadian 6/49 lottery, resulting in a larger prize for the lower tier winners. The winning numbers were 23, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45 with Bonus 43, so we can all see how this came about!
In the UK 6/49 Lottery, there have been two occasions when the Match5+Bonus prize has exceeded the Jackpot prize: first, on Saturday 29 June 1999, the winning numbers were 2, 17, 18, 23, 30, 40, Bonus 43; here 46 shared the jackpot, each winning £152,431, while only 13 shared the Bonus prize, each getting £165,961.
Second, on Wednesday 30 August 2006, the winning numbers were 19, 21, 22, 38, 44, 49, Bonus 45; here 4 shared the jackpot, each winning £669,219, while ONE person scooped the entire Bonus pool, winning £862,395.
I offer separate explanations for both of these unusual phenomena: for the first, a very relevant piece of extra information is that for many years, Britain's bookmakers have operated their own "lottery", again of 6/49 format, but punters are offered fixed odds for matching 1, 2, 3 etc numbers. And just three days before 29 June 1999, the six winning numbers in the bookmakers' draw were EXACTLY the same as those 29 June winning numbers. Plainly, too many UK punters thought that, by choosing that set of winning numbers from the bookmakers' lottery, they were making a suitable "random" choice for the following Lotto!
For the second, I believe this is pure random chance at work! Sales are lower on Wednesdays than on Saturdays, allowing a little more scope for such random effects. On average, 6 times as many tickets will share the Bonus prize as share the Jackpot, but given enough data, with smallish numbers (the average number sharing a Wednesday jackpot is 1-2), random chance will occasionally throw up more jackpot winners than Bonus winners - and sometimes, so many more that this "prize anomaly" may arise. If you wait long enough, even rare events are sure to happen!
(The same thing nearly happened on Wed 14 July 1999, when just two tickets shared the jackpot, but NO-ONE won the Bonus prize. The Bonus Pool of £1,327,021 got added to the original jackpot pool of £4,312,821 to give a total of £5,639,842, so both jackpot winners got £2,819,921, some £663,510 more because of this rule that rewards the already fortunate! To date, there have been more tickets sharing the Jackpot than the Bonus just 11 times, 7 of them on Wednesdays.)
Submited by John Haigh
The Isle Royale predator prey study
The Ecological Study of Wolves on Isle Royale, now in its 50th year, is the longest running large mammal predator-prey study in the world. The researchers go to the Island every winter, when no one else is there, to estimate the number of wolves and moose currently on the Island and their findings are presented in their annual Moose-Wolf Report. Their 2007-8 Report has just been made available here. You will find their estimate of the current moose-wolf populations and graphics of the history of the wolf-moose populations. The authors also give an explanation of the statistical method used to estimate the number of moose and much more. This study provides a good example to test the Lotka-Volterra Predator-prey model. You will also find here an educational video of the history of the Isle Royale Moose-Wolf study that is fun to see and would be nice to show in a classroom.
Submitted by Laurie Snell
It is hard to believe what statistical studies you will find if you read what catches the eye of journalists. The following comes from "Ovulatory cycle effects on tip earnings by lap dancers: economic evidence for human estrus?" by Miller, Tybur and Jordon, Evolution and Human Behavior, 28 (2007) 375-381. They begin with reference to the results of Haselton, M.G., et al, " Ovulatory shifts in human female ornamentation: Near ovulation, women dress to impress," Hormones and Behavior, 51, 41-45. Thirty young women wore their "self-chosen clothing once during estrus (as confirmed by hormonal assay) and once during a lower fertility (luteal) cycle phase."
"Then 42 mixed-sex raters made a forced-choice judgment ('In which photo is the person trying to look more attractive?') between the two photos of each woman (with faces obscured, leaving only body and clothing cues). They chose the woman when she was in estrus about 60% of the time-- modestly but significantly above chance. This result confirmed that both male and female observers are perceptually sensitive to women's choice of more conspicuous and fashionable clothes during estrus."
Miller's research goes further, much further in determining how estrus influences attractiveness. They examined "tip earnings of professional lap dancers working in gentlemen's clubs. Eighteen dancers recorded their menstrual periods, work shifts, and tip earnings for 60 days on a [confidential] study web site." There were "296 work shifts (representing about 5300 lap dances)." The dancers not on the pill "earned about US$335 per 5-h shift during estrus, US$260 per shift during the luteal phase, and US$185 per shift during menstruation. By contrast, participants using contraceptive pills showed no estrous earnings peak."
1. A theme running throughout both studies is that female humans are not that different from other mammals in that estrus (increased "female sexual receptivity, proceptivity, selectivity and attractiveness") still exists despite evolutionary movement over time. Further, males can sense the ovulatory cycle. What do biology textbooks say? What do you say?
2. Haselton's study concluded with the words "modestly but significantly above chance." Translate that into statistics type lingo.
3. The lap dancers were asked "to log in to the web site every day for 60 days. Each day, they were to report their mood, work hours, work location, and tip earnings" and "were offered a payment of US$30 upon completion of the study." How might this detract from the worthiness of the study?
4. The lap dancer study focuses on economics although the authors are psychologists. A startling statement amidst the statistics and biology is: "Indeed, it seems that the optimal strategy for obtaining tips is to focus on men who are profligate, drunk and gullible rather than those who are intelligent, handsome and discerning." How does this strategy relate to a world wider than just lap dancing?


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Customer Service is Difficult
I received an email from Brummel & Brown this morning that reminded me customer service is difficult to do well.
First, some background. This company makes a nonfat yogurt "butter" that is twice as healthy as the real deal. The healthy aspect is nice and all, but the true beauty is it spreads really well. I wish I had a video to share. And, it's readily available in Seattle, but not in San Francisco (so I've found so far). I had found it at a Cala Foods in Nob Hill, which is now closed.
Naturally, I emailed the team asking where I could find it in San Francisco, and within a week I got this great email:
Hello MR MATT LOTT,
Thank you for contacting us regarding our Brummel & Brown .
At the present time, Brummel & Brown is in limited distribution. It has been introduced in certain areas of the country and is currently available in those areas only. Unfortunately, we have no information at this time about the company's plans for future distribution.
Your friends at Brummel & Brown
Let's discuss.
They thank me for contacting them about their product. That's pleasant. And, they exhibit some ownership over the product. Ok, now we've received a friendly reply in a reasonable amount of time.
Next paragraph. I'm not sure what in limited distribution means exactly, but I'm still hopeful that it has made it to sixth largest metropolitan area in the US. Great, we won't lose hope.
And, so. It is only available in areas where it has been introduced. Eh, hmm. Introduced…formally, with a handshake and pleasantries? Unless I should be watching out for public unveilings and ribbon cuttings, I'm not sure how this is different than limited distribution. That's ok, they're probably just reinforcing that before giving me some real data to work with.
No information about the company's future distribution, your friends. Woh! This conversation has taken an unfortunate turn. Tell me more about the current limited distribution! Why are you hiding your product from me? I want to give you money in a buttery transaction. Also, what happened to the ownership here. It was yours, but now it's "the company's"? Oh kay.
Anyway, there is a pretty good chance a computer sent this response based on some keywords in my initial message, rather than a human being with a keyboard and some free time. That's fine. It kind of conflicts with the vibe given off by their contact us page, but whatever. I'll keep looking.
Next steps:
- Reply to email. They've assigned a case #, after all.
- Call their 1-800 #, and see if I can talk to the emailing computer, in person.
Meanwhile, I'll continue my slow progress of searching every grocery store in San Francisco. It's good to maximize your chances of success. Also, it's a good way to explore the city. Dovetail your strategies.
UPDATE [2/25/12]: Search is over, Brummel & Brown spotted in my local Safeway! Tempting to stockpile, but I'll resist for now.


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CINCINNATI (AP) -- Other students began yelling as a 17-year-old boy sitting in the front of a classroom pulled out a handgun and shot himself in the head, according to a police report.
The student remained in critical condition in a hospital Tuesday as classes resumed at La Salle High School.
Green Township police said there were at least 21 other students in the first-period classroom Monday morning at the all-male Catholic school west of Cincinnati. Teacher Michael Holman told police he was at his desk when he heard yelling, then saw the youth struggle briefly with the handgun, put it to his right temple and fire.
He "discharged one round into his head," the police report stated.
The student is a junior and an honors student. He made the top honor roll on the most recent academic report and has been active in Boy Scouts. School spokesman Greg Tankersley said he has an extensive record of community service, and has been "highly involved" in school life.
Holman didn't immediately respond to a request for comment. He is an English teacher and the school's director of the Lasallian Scholars Institute, a program for high-performing students.
Tankersley said an all-school prayer service and discussion was planned Tuesday, with grief counselors on hand. He said school officials felt it was important to bring students back together to talk about what happened.
Green Township police said they would review security at the school, but Chief Bart West said school officials reacted according to their safety plan Monday. The school was put in lockdown, and students were later dismissed to parents.
Improving school security has been a high priority around the state in the aftermath of last year's fatal shooting of three students at Chardon High School in northeast Ohio and the December shooting rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary in Connecticut. Officials say the FBI and U.S. Secret Service have gotten involved in a bomb-threat investigation at Cuyahoga Falls in northeast Ohio, which was closed Monday as a precaution. There was a similar threat there in March.
Green Township police were investigating how the boy obtained what they described only as a semi-automatic handgun.
His family has requested privacy while they focus on efforts to save his life by the University of Cincinnati Medical Center doctors and staff.
Contact the reporter at http://www.twitter.com/dansewell