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Wedges Reaffirmed
By Rob Socolow
Robert H. Socolow, Professor at Princeton University. Credit: Princeton University.
In August 2004, Steve Pacala and I published a paper in Science about climate change mitigation. Its core messages are as valid today as seven years ago, but they have not led to action. Here, I suggest that public resistance can be partially explained by shortcomings in the way advocates of forceful action have presented their case. Addressing these shortcomings might put the world back on the course we identified.
Let's review the messages in our 2004 paper. The paper assumes that the world wishes to act decisively and coherently to deal with climate change. It makes the case that "humanity already possesses the fundamental scientific, technical and industrial know-how to solve the carbon and climate problem for the next half-century." This core message surprised many people, because our paper arrived at a time when the Bush administration was asserting that, unfortunately, the tools available were not suited for addressing climate change. Indeed, at a conference I attended at that time, Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham insisted that a discovery akin to the discovery of electricity was required.
Our focus on "the next half century" was novel; the favored horizon at the time was a full century — and still is. We argued that "the next fifty years is a sensible horizon from several perspectives. It is the length of a career, the lifetime of a power plant, and an interval whose technology is close enough to envision."
In a widely reproduced figure, we identified a "Stabilization Triangle," bounded by two 50-year paths. Along the upper path, the world ignores climate change for 50 years and the global emissions rate for greenhouse gases doubles. Along the lower path, with extremely hard work, the rate remains constant. We reported that starting along the flat emissions path in 2004 was consistent with "beating doubling," i.e., capping the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at below twice its "pre-industrial" concentration (the concentration a few centuries ago).
The paper is probably best known for having introduced the "stabilization wedges," a quantitative way to measure the level of effort associated with a mitigation strategy: a wedge of vehicle fuel efficiency, a wedge of wind power, and a wedge of avoided deforestation have the same effect on the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Filling the stabilization triangle required seven wedges.
The wedge concept fosters parallel discussion of alternatives and encourages the design of a portfolio of responses. Each wedge is an immense activity. In talks about this work, I like to say that we decomposed a heroic challenge into a limited set of monumental tasks.
In short, in addition to a hopeful message that humanity is not helpless, the paper contains the sobering message that the job ahead is daunting.
Today, nine wedges are required to fill the stabilization triangle, instead of seven. A two-segment global carbon-dioxide emissions trajectory that starts now instead of seven years ago — flat for 50 years, then falling nearly to zero over the following 50 years — adds another 50 parts per million to the equilibrium concentration. The delayed trajectory produces nearly half a degree Celsius (three-quarters of a degree Fahrenheit) of extra rise in the average surface temperature of the earth. (Note that there is a three-year lag in the posting of authoritative global data. We used 2001 data in our 2004 paper, and 2008 data are available now. Thus, available data do not yet reflect the recession. Between 2001 and 2008, the emissions rate climbed by more than a quarter.)
Worldwide, policymakers are scuttling away from commitments to regulations and market mechanisms that are tough enough to produce the necessary streams of investments. Given that delay brings the potential for much additional damage, what is standing in the way of action?
The 2004 "wedges" paper assumed that the objective of global mitigation would require a flat emissions rate for 50 years, followed by a falling rate. Making the same heroic assumption today would result in substantial additional emissions.
Familiar answers include the recent recession, the political influence of the fossil fuel industries, and economic development imperatives in countries undergoing industrialization. But, I submit, advocates for prompt action, of whom I am one, also bear responsibility for the poor quality of the discussion and the lack of momentum. Over the past seven years, I wish we had been more forthcoming with three messages: We should have conceded, prominently, that the news about climate change is unwelcome, that today's climate science is incomplete, and that every "solution" carries risk. I don't know for sure that such candor would have produced a less polarized public discourse. But I bet it would have. Our audiences would have been reassured that we and they are on the same team – that we are not holding anything back and have the same hopes and fears.
It is not too late to bring these messages forward.
Unwelcome news
Environmental science has brought unwelcome news – that the actions of our species are capable of changing the planet at global scale. Who wouldn't much rather live on a larger planet, where our actions mattered less? It is counterproductive for advocates of prompt action on climate change to pretend that the new knowledge has only positive consequences, such as the stimulation of green jobs and elegant new technology. Global prosperity now depends on our species' success at a totally unfamiliar assignment: to "fit" our many billions of people on this small planet, with its finite resources and finite capacity to withstand pollution. The job will be very hard and will require sustained focus.
Credit: iStockphoto.
Confronted with unwelcome news, human beings often shoot the messenger. Consider two earlier occasions. Galileo argued that the earth wasn't at the center of the universe. For this, he was excommunicated. Darwin argued that human beings were part of the animal kingdom, and he was cruelly mocked. The idea that humans can't change our planet is as out-of-date and wrong as the earth-centered universe and the separate creation of Man, but all three ideas have such appeal that they will fade away only very slowly.
In particular, just as steadily stronger evidence for the Copernican model and for evolution only gradually won the day, we should anticipate robust resistance to the message that we are fouling our own nest with fossil fuel emissions and deforestation. Armed with insights from psychology and history, communicators of the climate change threat will more deeply understand the hostility to their message. Perhaps, communication will be more effective when shared concerns are acknowledged.
Incomplete climate science
It would be productive for advocates of prompt action also to concede that the message from climate science is not only unwelcome but also incomplete. Feedbacks from clouds, ice, and vegetation are only partially understood – thwarting precise prediction of future climate. The best and worst future climate outcomes consistent with today's science are very different.
Pacala calls the worst credible climate outcomes "monsters behind the door." Among the monsters are a five-meter rise in sea level by the end of this century, major alterations of the global hydrological cycle, major changes in forest cover, and major emissions of greenhouse gases from the tundra. The monsters open their door in a world of very strong positive feedbacks, a world that spirals out of control. Today's science cannot predict how much atmospheric change would let these monsters in, nor how quickly they could enter.
Policymakers assessing the case for immediate forceful action and members of the general public deciding whether to endorse the policymaker's decisions want to know the full story – both the average outcomes and the extremes (the "tails" of the distribution). In reaching a judgment about whether to act forcefully now, some will give greater weight to best guesses, others to the tails. The more risk-averse will assign greater weight to the tails.
Why, at the intersection of climate science and climate policy, is there more discussion of average outcomes than nasty ones? As I have speculated in a recent paper, one reason is that average outcomes are safer to talk about, because the science is more solid; there is less risk of being accused of alarmism. Also, acknowledging terrible outcomes of low probability requires acknowledging the other tail – a world with rising emissions but little change for quite a while. I often hear that any concession to benign outcomes (or, more accurately, outcomes that remain benign for a relatively long time) will foster complacency. I don't understand that fear. In my experience, when I tell someone "we could be lucky," and then I pause, the listener completes the sentence for me: "or we could be unlucky." The listener does not hear a lullaby.
Arguments for action based on what we don't know reinforce those based on what we do know. To build a case on what we don't know, however, takes courage, because it requires revealing how much experts disagree. There are many contending views about sea-level rise, for example. Advocates resist calling attention to the coexistence of contending expert views – far more certain than I am that lay audiences translate such conflicts into justifications for procrastination. I think it should be possible to convey that earth systems science is an evolving human enterprise where discordant views are the norm, and then to explain why certain issues have proved hard to resolve. My working assumption is that candor creates trust.
Editor's Note: This essay continues on page 2, and includes expert commentary from high level figures in the climate policy community such as: Nicholas Stern, Ralph J. Cicerone, Rep. Rush Holt, David Hawkins, Freeman Dyson, Chris Field and others.


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UPDATED: Dog rescued after being found abandoned in tree trunkBy SHAWNE K. WICKHAM
New Hampshire Sunday News
November 17. 2013 8:52PM
Volunteers with Friends of the Manchester Animal Shelter on Saturday rescued a small dog who was apparently abandoned in a tree trunk not far from the shelter.
Shelley Greenglass, the shelter manager, said an alert hiker spotted the dog in a park on Front Street around 3 p.m. Saturday. The hiker said he couldn't reach the dog, so he called the shelter. When volunteers went to check, they found the shivering, frightened dog lying inside a dead tree trunk on a pet car seat.
"She looked dehydrated. She was in shock. Her eyes were totally glazed over," Greenglass said. "And she was very scared."
FMAS volunteers rushed the dog to the Veterinary Emergency Center of Manchester, where a vet treated her for ear and eye infections. "She was starving," Greenglass said. "She wolfed down what they gave her."
The medical personnel decided the dog would be better off at the shelter than amidst the sick dogs at the clinic, so the volunteers brought her back there. "They have her nice and warm and cozy," Greenglass said.
She said she has no doubt that someone intentionally dumped the little dog, believed to be a shih tzu or Pekingese mix.
"I'm just so sickened," she said. "They just left her for the cold or some animal to get her. She would have just stayed there and starved to death."
"It was almost like the dog might have been just staying there, waiting for them to come back."
The tree trunk where the dog was found is within a half-mile of the shelter.
The dog, believed to be about 8 years old, has been dubbed Angel, Greenglass said. Shelter staffers plan to do whatever is necessary to get her well, and then find a loving home for her.
Greenglass said Angel's eyes are "so sad."
"I've seen so much abuse and neglect over the years, and I'll tell you, something about her just broke my heart."
On Sunday afternoon, Samantha Stein, the shelter's assistant manager, said Angel was staying in a foster home, where she was receiving needed medications and a warm place to stay.
"She's getting the care she needs," said Stein.
Stein said that Manchester Police Department's Animal Control Division is working to find the dog's owner.
"Because she was abandoned, we have to hold her for seven days while attempts are made to find an owner," said Stein. "After that, anyone interested in adopting her can contact the shelter and begin the process."
The shelter welcomes donations to cover the cost of Angel's medical care; to contribute, call 628-3544. Stein said right now the shelter has the necessary food and medication to care for the dog.
If anyone knows anything about her, Greenglass said, "We'd like to find out."
New Hampshire Union Leader Staff Writer Paul Feely contributed to this report..


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1. Re: Updating drivers, help!!
I downloaded the 1st one from http://www.driverengine.com/asp/drvinfo.asp?driverid=367378 but for some reason, it doesn't show it updated and I rebooted my computer too.
2. Re: Updating drivers, help!!Doc_SilverCreek Mar 15, 2011 12:29 AM (in response to psychometrics)
This one
and maybe this one
3. Re: Updating drivers, help!!parsec Mar 15, 2011 12:25 PM (in response to Guest )
You didn't describe the procedure you used to install the driver, which must be done besides downloading it, just in case you are not familiar with that. Find the downloaded file on your PC, probably in the Downloads folder, and right click on it. If you see an option in the list that says "Run as administrator", "Run", or perhaps even "Open", then click that to start the driver installation process. If the file you downloaded is an ".exe", or possibly a ".msi" file, this is the way to install the driver.
If the file you downloaded is simply the driver, which may be the case for an older PC, you'll need to locate the file as mentioned above. Then start Device Manager, and find the device whose driver you wish to update. Right click the device and click on Properties. Click the Driver tab, and choose Update driver, then choose Manually find the driver, and either Browse to locate the file or enter the folder path to the file. All of this depends on your OS of course.
If you need more help let us know.


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Trinidad James, One Republic, and Florence Welch at LURE For Universal Music Showcase
Trinidad James turned LURE "All Gold" this past weekend. The rapper and his Universal Music Group stablemates, including Florence + the Machine, Emeli Sande, Cassadee Pope, Ellie Goulding, One Republic, Mayer Hawthorne, Imagine Dragons, Little Big Town, Chrisette Michele, and Churchill, played at Los Angeles' LURE the night before the Grammy Awards. Click through to see some candids from the performances!


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Last month, Rabbi Michael Lerner–the founding editor of Tikkun magazine–convened a Conference on Spiritual Activism in Berkeley. It was there that he launched a new organization called the Network of Spiritual Progressives (NSP).
Lerner describes it as "the most significant inter-faith effort" to bring together "religious, secular and spiritual-but-not-religious progressives." Thirteen hundred people–Christians, Muslims, Jews, Buddhists and "spiritual but not religious people"–turned out for the conference to network and hear talks from Dave Robinson, the Executive Director of Pax Christi USA; Michael Nagler, founder of Berkeley's Peace and Conflict Studies Program; the Rev. Jim Wallis of Sojourners magazine and Mahatma Gandhi's grandson.
The Network, Lerner explained in an interview last week, is seeking to transform our nation's institutions and culture by addressing the American people's "spiritual crisis." This crisis, he argues, stems from "an excess of selfishness and materialism" associated with American capitalism, and the fledgling organization wants to change society's bottom line by de-emphasizing "money and power" and reinforcing values like "love and caring, ethical and ecological sensitivity and behavior, kindness and generosity, non-violence and peace."
NSP's agenda includes proposals to add a constitutional amendment that would require corporations with more than $50 million in annual income to renew their charters every ten years by appearing before a jury of citizens and proving they had behaved in a socially responsible manner; to create a G-8 "Marshall Plan" whereby 5 percent of the richest nations' GDP would be donated to the most impoverished nations to fight poverty and guard against environmental degradation left over by decades of colonialism; and to refocus our nation's educational efforts around values like "caring," rather than "competition."
Critical to Lerner's agenda is to challenge what he calls "religio-phobia" on the left. Perhaps with that in mind, once the conference ended, he sent Tikkun's readers an e-mail blast that urged them to call The Nation and other progressive media outlets, which he said had failed to cover the Berkeley event, showed hostility to the religious left and had (once again) turned their backs on Tikkun and the politics of spirituality.


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NEW YORK (AP) — Libya made major strides toward establishing democracy and political rights last year, a pro-democracy watchdog group Freedom House said in a report to be released Wednesday. The findings counter a widespread impression of the country as anarchic following the deadly militia raid in Benghazi that killed the U.S. ambassador and three other Americans.
Freedom House's annual ranking of political rights and civil liberties in countries around the world found worrying trends in many regions where it said the West was failing to promote and defend democracy.
"What we've learned over the years is that gains for freedom usually take place with the active participation of democracies like the United States and those in Europe. And where they have opted out of the struggle, the result is usually a defeat for freedom," said David J. Kramer, president of Freedom House.
Libya and Egypt were two nations that Freedom House ranked as "partly free" by the end of 2012 due to successful elections, improving over "not free" the year before.
"Libya continues to suffer from a lack of clear government control over many parts of its territory, a problem that is compounded by the actions of autonomous local militias and radical Islamists. But in defiance of forecasts of chaos and failure, the country held successful elections for a General National Congress that included candidates from a range of regional and political backgrounds, while free expression and civic activity continued to grow," Freedom House's report said.
Libya's advance in the rankings came despite the militia assault on the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya, that killed U.S. Ambassador Chris Stevens and three other Americans. The U.S. suspects al-Qaida-linked militants carried out the attack.
A State Department spokeswoman, Ariel Vaagenar, said the department had no comment on the Freedom House report prior to its release.
The killings in Benghazi became an issue in the U.S. presidential election, with Republican candidate Mitt Romney trying to portray the attack as a major bungle by President Barack Obama's administration. Conservatives argued it was an example of al-Qaida infiltration or radical Islamic influence spreading in Libya on Obama's watch.
Freedom House also boosted Egypt to "partly free" status but was alarmed about the precariousness of democracy there, noting that President Mohamed Morsi won an election generally viewed as fair only after several major candidates were disqualified. Morsi then in November "proclaimed his right to rule without judicial oversight as part of a bid to push through a new constitution, only to step back incrementally in the face of street protests."
The group also expressed alarm that "Russia took a decided turn for the worse after Vladimir Putin's return to the presidency. Having already marginalized the formal political opposition, he pushed through a series of laws meant to squelch a burgeoning societal opposition," Freedom House said.
Their chief researcher, Arch Puddington, observed that "Our findings point to the growing sophistication of modern authoritarians. They are flexible; they distort and abuse the legal framework; they are adept at the techniques of modern propaganda. But especially since the Arab Spring, they are nervous, which accounts for their intensified persecution of popular movements for change."
While the number of countries ranked as Free for 2012 was 90, a gain of 3 over the previous year, 27 countries showed significant declines, compared with 16 that showed notable gains. This is the seventh consecutive year that Freedom in the World has shown more declines than gains worldwide.
Freedom House found improvement in Myanmar and a number of African countries, including Ivory Coast, Guinea, Lesotho, Senegal, and Sierra Leone.
Noteworthy declines were recorded for Kazakhstan, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine.
Freedom House is a U.S.-based non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom and human rights. It was founded in 1941, with first lady Eleanor Roosevelt and defeated Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie as its honorary chairpersons.
On the Web:


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BEIJING (AP) — China's new leader Xi Jinping will confer with President Barack Obama next month in California, months earlier than expected, as both sides seek to stem a drift in relations, troubled by issues from cyberspying to North Korea.
The June 7-8 meeting at a retreat southeast of Los Angeles, announced Monday by the White House, underlines the importance of the relationship between the countries as they work out ways for the U.S.-led world order to make room for a China that is fast accruing global influence and military power.
President Xi has said China wants its rise to be peaceful, but that Beijing will not compromise on issues of sovereignty — a stance that has aggravated disputes over contested East and South China Seas islands with several countries, including staunch U.S. allies Japan and the Philippines.
Among the other pressing items on the presidents' agenda: the spotty global economic recovery, U.S. allegations of persistent Chinese cyberattacks and espionage and Washington's desire for China to do more in international efforts to curb North Korea's nuclear program.
Washington has also criticized Beijing, along with Russia, for blocking tougher U.N. Security Council measures aimed at ending the bloodshed in Syria. China, for its part, has repeatedly lashed out at the U.S. military's ongoing strengthening of its presence in Asia, what it considers Washington's support for Japan in its island dispute with Beijing, and the U.S. questioning of China's human rights record and military buildup.
The meeting will be "of great significance to strengthening strategic communications, increasing strategic mutual trust ... properly handling disputes, developing cooperative relations and building a new type of big-power relationship," Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei said.
The issues are so many that the agenda was becoming crowded for any Obama and Xi meeting.
The two leaders have spoken by telephone since Obama was re-elected and Xi elevated to Communist Party chief in November. Xi was named China's head of state in March for the first of what are expected to be two five-year terms.
The two met previously in February 2012, when Xi traveled to the U.S. as vice president and leader-in-waiting.
But before Monday's announcement, their first face-to-face meeting as leaders of their respective nations had not been expected until September in Russia, on the sidelines of the summit of the Group of 20 large economies.
"They needed more than 20 minutes on the sidelines of another meeting," said Bonnie Glaser of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. "If they want to see U.S.-China relations on a solid footing, to manage the differences and find issues to cooperate on — North Korea, Iran, climate change — it has to start at the top. U.S.-China relations are not managed from the bottom up but from the top down."
The White House, in its statement, said the two presidents will "discuss ways to enhance cooperation, while constructively managing our differences, in the years ahead."
The decision to hold a working visit instead of a pomp-filled state summit underscores the government's decision to put protocol aside to focus on substance. Xi will make the stop-off in California after traveling to Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica and Mexico.
"The engagement has become more flexible, and that helps keep the contact at the highest levels, which is conducive to understanding each other's viewpoints and taking more effective measures," Zhu Feng, deputy director of the Center for International and Strategic Studies at Peking University.
The Foreign Ministry's Hong pointed to cooperation on issues including climate change, energy security, North Korea, and Iran. Disputes also exist, he said, without offering details, and require "proper handling and active controlling by both sides."
U.S. diplomats have said that Chinese officials had wanted Obama to come to Beijing late this year or early next. His last visit was in 2009. Xi's predecessor as president, Hu Jintao, was given a formal White House welcome in 2011.
To prepare for the California meeting, Obama's national security adviser, Tom Donilon, will go to Beijing on May 26-28, White House press secretary Jay Carney said.


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Directed by: Wally Pfister
Starring: Johnny Depp, Rebecca Hall, Paul Bettany, Morgan Freeman, Cillian Murphy
Rated: PG-13 for sci-fi action and violence, some bloody images, brief strong language and sensuality
"Transcendence" is one of those films that wants to be thoughtful and profound and leave the audience questioning their interpretation of the film. Unfortunately, it's more likely to leave the audience questioning what the hell they just saw. Not only does it get wrong some science so basic even your average cell phone user will spot the problem, it makes us doubt every single character's interpretation of events without giving us the knowledge we need to sort out who's right.
The story starts with a post-apocalyptic Berkeley. Max Waters (Paul Bettany) searches for the home of his friends Will and Evelyn Caster (Johnny Depp and Rebecca Hall) and narrates for us the tale that started five years earlier, when anti-AI terrorists blew up several labs and poisoned AI researchers. Will was one of those researchers, and was shot after a presentation on the possibilities of artificial intelligence.
When it becomes clear Will isn't going to survive, Evelyn and Max copy his brain into a system previously used to house a highly advanced AI. Once Will dies and the copy starts to communicate, Max questions how much is Will and how much is the AI that was in the system before him, while Evelyn believes it's all Will and banishes Max for doubting. He winds up a captive of RIFT, the terrorists who carried out the anti-AI attacks – they are interested in him because of the essays he's written questioning whether technology is all good.
As is inevitable in a film like this, the copy is soon growing in power and creating nanobots that can repair any injury, revive any plant, and grant humans incredible strength and resilience. Those humans are also networked to the copy, so that it can control their actions when it wants to. Sure, the nanobots can reverse pollution and heal the earth, but they also turn humans into computer-controlled puppets and can reproduce indefinitely.
At this point the film devolves into utter irrationality, and the science runs even further off the rails. The credits listed a pair of professors who were tech consultants on the film, and one wonders if the filmmakers listened to them at all. Sure, RIFT uses copper mesh to create Faraday cages, structures impermeable by electronic signals… but a major part of the film's conclusion is reliant on a Faraday cage that is only shielded on its roof. Apparently nobody told the director about cell and wifi signals that can travel horizontally.
There's a lot to like about "Transcendence." Johnny Depp delivers his most deadpan performance since "Edward Scissorhands." Rebecca Hall is solid as the true believer who is eventually pushed so far even she begins to doubt. The supporting cast includes not only Paul Bettany, but also Morgan Freeman and Cillian Murphy, so you know the acting is good. It's a promising idea, and many interesting conversations are available to be had about how the film could have done better.
What ultimately makes the film fall apart is that we are never given enough information to make a decision about whether the machine "really" is Will or not. The characters argue about it constantly, clues are given for both sides of the argument, and while it becomes clear that the post-apocalyptic world we saw in the beginning was an inevitable result of stopping the machine, it's never clear if we're supposed to think it was worth it. Worse, the tone of the film is inconsistent with this lack of clarity.
Sure, it's possible to leave viewers doubting a film's conclusions – "Inception" is a masterful example of this, with a rock-solid ending which is undercut in literally the very last shot. It works because the theme of rock-solid knowledge being undercut was established early on, so the audience is primed to interpret things that way. "Transcendence" lacks that internal consistency.
Whether you'll enjoy "Transcendence" or not depends on how tolerant you are of movies that ignore science and assume you are too stupid to spot it or too amazed at their brilliance to care. If you're one of the people who hated that the X-Files movie included bee-pollinated corn, do not see this film. If you loathe movies that squander their potential even more than movies that are just bad, do not see this film. If, however, you just want to kill a few hours and watch pretty people talk about computers, you might have a reasonably good time.


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Pastor Todd takes a break from doctrinal studies to consider the practical subject of love. We pray this is challenging to you.
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Despite tales of tumbling heads and murdered wives, I'm a sucker for the Tudors, one of England's ruthless royal dynasties. And there's more fun to be found in exploring two of England's monarchical Henrys than all the Georges put together.
That's why on a spring trip to London, I decided to investigate some of the lesser-known Tudor sites in the capital. Apart from Syon House, my choices required reservations to visit, but the planning paid off. At Lambeth and Fulham palaces and at Charterhouse, I had private tours, and the docents made the places come alive. And I dodged the crowds usually found at the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey.
Lambeth Palace MY first stop was across the Thames from the houses of Parliament. Lambeth Palace has been the London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury since 1200. Through shimmering sheets of rain, the weathered brick of the palace's five-story Morton's Tower, built during the reign of the first Tudor, Henry VII (1485-1509), looked imposing and a little sinister with its massive wooden gate. Morton's Tower, named for the archbishop who built it, has a prison at the top. It also has impressive Tudor connections: It was John Morton who inspired Shakespeare's play "Richard III," with the archbishop's gossip about the king and the little princes in the Tower of London. It was at Lambeth that statesman Thomas More refused to take the oath to Henry VIII as head of the new English church, a fateful decision that took him to the Tower and condemned him to the executioner's ax.
Over the centuries, much of Tudor Lambeth has been replaced by more modern buildings, but the atmosphere of power and intrigue remains. In the chapel and crypt, the oldest part of the palace (built in the early 1200s), the antiquity of the place seems to seep through the walls like water from the nearby Thames.
If any part of the palace is haunted, it certainly must be the beautifully laid-out gardens. There, the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer — burned at the stake by Catholic Queen Mary I in 1556 — is said to weep for Henry VIII's second wife, Anne Boleyn, just as he did on May 19, 1536, the day she was beheaded.
To escape such sad tales, I visited the former church of St. Mary-at-Lambeth just outside the palace gates. It's now a museum dedicated to gardening and contains a wonderful cafe, where I enjoyed a bowl of potato leek soup and homemade quiche and salad. It was a cozy place to wait out the sporadic spurts of rain outside the long Gothic windows.
Lambeth Palace, London SE1 7JU; for reservations, contact Francis Neal, events administrator, 011-44-20-7898-1191.
Syon House The next stop on my Tudor tour was Syon House, today owned by the Duke of Northumberland. It's just eight miles southwest of the city in Richmond Park on the banks of the Thames. Here, Tudor intrigue and mayhem once rampaged. Syon House, originally the site of a Bridgettine abbey founded in 1415 by Henry V to atone for his father's involvement in the death of Richard II, was one of dozens of religious foundations dissolved by Henry VIII in the 1530s.
In 1542, Henry VIII's disgraced fifth queen, Catherine Howard, was housed in the cold, crumbling ruins of the convent on her way to the Tower of London and execution. Two years later, Henry's sixth — and last — queen, Catherine Parr, traveled from London to visit the new owner of the place, Edward Seymour, brother of Queen Jane (Henry's third wife, who had died in childbirth). He also was the brother of Catherine Parr's clandestine lover, Thomas Seymour.
Edward Seymour's house is still a large square block of stone-clad brick built around an inner courtyard, but some changes have been made over the centuries. Noted Scottish architect Robert Adam redid the entry hall and several of the rooms in the fashionable and ornate Pompeii Rococo style of the 18th century, but old Syon still peeks through the putti here and there.
One side of the house is given over to the long gallery, once an indoor Tudor playground for dancing and games on rainy days and altered by Adam into one of the longest sitting rooms in the world.
Lady Jane Grey was arm-twisted into accepting the crown of England in 1553 for nine days and fainted dead away on the gallery floor at the specter of ruling. Not long after, she was charged with treason and executed. Does she still walk up and down the gallery, wringing her hands and lamenting her fate? Not on a sunny day in May with light flooding in the windows, illuminating the pistachio green paneling and red brocade chairs.
If Syon is a treasure trove of history, its gardens are a natural wonder. Swans and peacocks stroll under ancient trees around a huge lake. As I walked through spring flowers, goslings spilled across my shoes and stopped to peck at invisible insects between my feet. Later, I savored the moment over a bowl of wild mushroom soup in Syon's cafe. A new cafe is scheduled to open this month. Syon House, Syon Park, Hounslow, TW8 8JF; 011-44-20-8560-0882, http://www.syonpark.co.uk .
Fulham Palace ANOTHER ecclesiastical residence — the former seat of the bishops of London — is Fulham Palace. The Putney Bridge stop on the District line of the London Underground is just across the street from the palace's extensive grounds, now under the care of the borough of Hammersmith & Fulham.
A palace stood on the spot as early as 1141; parts of the complex date to the early 13th century. But its most striking part is the Tudor quadrangle, four rows of buildings in patterned brick surrounding a cobbled courtyard. It was once renowned for having the longest moat in England — a mile long — but it was filled in during the 1920s.
Fulham was a quarrelsome place. Under the Catholic Mary I, the zealous Bishop Edmund Bonner tortured Protestant heretics in the great hall. About a decade later, Queen Elizabeth I visited the palace, but the visit was unsuccessful. When asked by the bishop whether she liked the view from the windows, she told him that the trees were in the way. Eager to please, the bishop had all the ancient elms cut down. Elizabeth was not amused when two of the bishop's servants made off with pieces of the royal plate and had to be tracked to London and arrested.
But Fulham is blessed with enthusiastic docents eager to tell the story of the palace to visitors. I went on a tour of the Tudor herb garden and learned about the beginnings of English medicine, distilled from plots of unimpressive, weedy-looking plants.
Each bishop of London seemed to detest the architectural pretensions of his predecessor and lost no time in tearing out former improvements and replacing them with his own. As a result, Fulham is an architectural patchwork. The original chapel was dismantled and reconstructed in the Tudor great hall, which then became a library. The chapel then was moved next to the bishop's dining room. Every room has served numerous purposes.
Fulham will change yet again, thanks to a recent $4.9-million grant that will help fund a restoration next year. Call ahead for hours.
Fulham Palace, Bishops Avenue, Fulham, London SW6 6EA; 011-44-20-7736-3233.
Charterhouse MY final stop on the Tudor trail was Charterhouse in northeastern London. It was an ancient Carthusian monastery dissolved by Henry VIII and converted into a Tudor townhouse. It's built around five quadrangles and resembles a mellow, stone Cambridge college plunked down in the heart of London. It has, as do nearly all Tudor destinations, an atmosphere thick with murder and menace.
Outside the main gate is a quiet square built atop a 14th century burial pit for plague victims, where recent excavations turned up the remains of a 12-year-old girl.
The gate itself is notorious: During the dissolution of the monasteries, Henry VIII ordered the arm of the former prior nailed above it as a warning.
It was from Charterhouse on Jan. 15, 1559, that the young Elizabeth left for her coronation at Westminster Abbey. Two months before her death in 1603, she paid it a last, bittersweet visit.
Now it's a gentlemen's retirement home known as Sutton's Hospital; I joined a group of 20 people for a guided tour led by one of its jovial residents. We saw some of the cells used by the medieval monks, complete with food hatches and open drainage. They line a barrel-vaulted brick passage that looks as though it belongs in a Harry Potter movie. The roof of the passage, I learned, was added by the fourth Duke of Norfolk, a 16th century resident, to provide a covered way to his new tennis court. The tennis court is gone, as is the duke, who lost his head in a plot to marry Mary, Queen of Scots, and seize the English throne.
Charterhouse, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6AN; 011-44-20-7253-9503.
Susan James is author of "Kateryn Parr: The Making of a Queen."


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Wednesday, November 16, 2011
C comme Citron Meringuee
20 comments:
I'll meet you at Le Loire dans la Theiere next time we're both in Paris. I dare you to finish the whole thing!ReplyDelete
hmmm, a candle, huh? LOL! Great post!!ReplyDelete
I suspect by now all those French bakers would be on "Alert" when they know you're in town, Carol.ReplyDelete
"Put away all the Le Loir dan la Theire!
Here comes that camera-toting American Tart again!"
OOOOh that last meringue is ribboned beautifully..love your watercolor captures..and frank observations:)ReplyDelete
I meant before last:)ReplyDelete
Now you've got me craving lemon tarts.... I will have to go have some lemon yogurt I bought today.. not the same but lemony all the same. I really love that painting you did. Great job!ReplyDelete
Chew on a lemon Cris.ReplyDelete
That will kill the citron tarte desire very fast :))
They look so incredible. Just by seeing that thick yellow with the fluffy white is a successful way to tempt me.ReplyDelete
I love candle from Comptoir de Famille! They are the best!ReplyDelete
Le Loir est dans la Theiere sweet pies are delicious (all of them) but I hate people there, service is too bad so I won't never go back!
I really liked the one of Le Bon Marché but I have to say my siter bakes a good one :-)
Wonderful watercolors! I never think meringues are that difficult to do...the important thing is to make sure they touch the crust all around or they shrink up when they bake. Unless you want that effect, which seems to be the case with some of those. And then you brown them with one of those little torches. Literally playing with fire, oui?ReplyDelete
Too funny with that candle. Well I'll hold that candle to you and say cheers to this great post, Carol. I also dare you to eat one whole in front of me next time you're in Paris, ok? Please don't go reading the ingredients to me, though.ReplyDelete
This just made me so hungry for some lemon meringue pie:p Yum! Thanks for sharing. I love your blog!ReplyDelete
I've been trying to take some pictures of French pastries to no avail.
You do a great job.


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00156EG3E143T-W22 Weg Electric Super Premium Eff Motor 1.5HP 3PH 3600RPM 143T Frame TEFC
High performance with maximum energy efficiency is the goal of the W22 electric motor. High efficiency and Low cost of Ownership throughout the entire motor lifetime have been the basis for the W22 development. A design created to maximize performance and energy savings.
Typical applications
- Pumps
- Fans
- Crushers
- Conveyor belts
- Mills
- Centrifugal machines
- Presses
- Elevators
- Packaging equipment
- Grinders and others.


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Welcome to Beverly Hills AYSO Region 76
Have Youth Sports Become Too Competitive? - A No Vote
The following article was published in the Beverly Hills Weekly on August 3, 2000:
Extra! Extra! 10,000 Planes Landed Safely!
By Michael Karlin
The above headline is true – but you'll not see it in any newspaper. Nor will you read about racially unbiased ballplayers. For a record 55th straight year, Britain, France and Germany were not at war. And this past Fall, 1000 youth soccer games were played in Beverly Hills without incident.
the New York Times nor the Weekly report any of this.
What we read about is the Concorde crash, John Rocker on the New
York subway, the breakdown of Middle East peace talks and the killing of a
parent at a hockey game in Boston.
course, tragic and unusual events command our attention.
But they should not be mistaken for the norm.
The truth about youth sports is that, for the overwhelming majority
of participants and supporters, the dominant themes are fun and friendly
competition. It's why the
kids keep coming back.
American Youth Soccer Organization (AYSO), our five philosophies (Everyone
Plays, Open Registration, Balanced Teams, Good Sportsmanship and Positive
Coaching) collectively tell that soccer is about fun, fairness and ethical
behavior. We take these
philosophies seriously. We
implement them through formal programs, as well as informal communication,
teaching and counseling. We
constantly emphasize that soccer is not about parents vicariously reliving
the real or imagined athletic triumphs of their youth.
take sensible measures to mitigate risk.
Every coach receives risk management training that includes a
module on handling young players. Every
coach must complete a comprehensive volunteer application and must be
approved by the Regional Board. We
provide feedback forms that ask about the coach's behavior.
We don't permit players under 8 years old to participate in
tournaments. Once players
reach 8 and play on larger fields in more formal games, games are
officiated by trained referees. Three
years ago, we eliminated competitive playoffs for players under 10.
am not blind to occasional or even repeated bad behavior of some coaches,
spectators and players. Where
needed, we impose discipline. Discipline
can include suspension or expulsion.
But the actual number of serious incidents is minute.
Nor am I deaf to the tone of the sidelines. I could wish for people to be a little less intense. I'd love them to appreciate better how hard soccer is – so simple in concept and so very difficult to execute. Some sideline folks expect unnatural feats of skill from their children; quite a few are (in their own estimation) far more eagle-eyed than the referees and unreservedly eager to share their insights. In the kids' words: Chill.
20 years of observing Southern California soccer convinces me that, if
anything, parents and coaches are better behaved than ever.
I think that this can be attributed both to diligent promotion of
our AYSO values and to the American public's increased familiarity with
soccer as its popularity has taken wing.
I can report to you, with confidence, that in Beverly Hills, 1400
children play each Fall weekend and just about every one lands safely.


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PEORIA — The top job on the Peoria Riverfront Museum board will change for the first time since the panel was created.
Former Peoria Mayor Dave Ransburg, who has run the group overseeing management and operations at the facility since 2010, will step down in June and be replaced by his vice chairman, Dan Daly.
The move is part of a normal cycle of changes on the board, and Daly praised Ransburg's leadership in getting the multimillion-dollar facility up and running.
Daly said by phone Monday he wants the board to continue to focus on improving fundraising efforts. A strategic planning session also is in the offing to help determine other areas to improve.
As for day-to-day operations of the museum itself rather than behind-the-scenes financials and other board work, Daly praised PRM president and CEO Sam Gappmayer, who started late last year.
"Sam has done a great job with leading his team," he said. "We're all very happy with the way things are going."
Stepping in as the new vice chairman will be Sid Ruckriegel, while Sally Snyder and Cal MacKay will retain their posts as secretary and treasurer, respectively.
The nominations are subject to approval at the board's annual meeting in June.
Chris Kaergard can be reached at 686-3135 or email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @ChrisKaergard.
Dan Daly replacing Dave Ransburg as Peoria Riverfront Museum board chairman
PEORIA — The top job on the Peoria Riverfront Museum board will change for the first time since the panel was created.


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As the Supreme Court mulls whether the U.S. Constitution prohibits state universities from taking race into account in admissions decisions, a federal appeals court has moved in a very different direction. It recently held that, far from forbidding affirmative action, the Constitution prevents a state's voters from doing away with it.
The case, decided this month by the U.S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals, was filed after Michigan voters approved Proposal 2, barring state and local governments as well as public universities from giving preferential treatment on the basis of race, sex, color, ethnicity or national origin. That proposal had been championed by Ward Connerly, the former University of California regent who had helped persuade voters here to approve a similar measure, Proposition 209, in 1996.
In theory, we would be pleased to see the end of affirmative action bans such as Proposition 209 and Proposal 2. This page strongly opposed Proposition 209 when it was on the ballot. We continue to believe that affirmative action is a reasonable, fair and effective way to redress past harms and promote diversity at public universities. We hope that the Supreme Court, which is currently hearing a different case involving affirmative action, reaffirms its constitutionality.


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The Touchstone charger is a pretty cool little gimmick. It doesn't use plugs or contact points to charge the Pre, but instead relies on a technique called induction, or more specifically, electrostatic induction (right...? I'm going to fall on my bum with this one, I know nothing of this stuff). The Touchstone is a small cylindrical metal object to which you can attach the Pre via magnetism. You just place the Pre on top of it, no matter the position, and it will start charging. You can still interact with the device, and answering a call will automatically put it on speaker phone.
Sadly, the Touchstone will not ship with the Pre by default; you'll need to buy it separately. Pricing information is not yet available.
More interesting are the signs and rumours pointing to a April 30 release date for the Pre. Firstly, we have Logicomm CEO Jim Van, beta tester for the Pre, Twittering away about Palm's saviour, stating a possible release date of April 30. He also posted a tweet about the device's price; USD 299 with a two-year contract. In addition, there's talks that all Sprint retail employees are not allowed to take vacation days in May, which in the case of the iPhone was a good indication of a release date (but with AT&T, of course).
This would mean the Pre will see a release date before any possible new iPhones and the iPhoneOs 3.0, so the Pre won't have to compete for media attention. Seems like a good idea.


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And, after watching the Army's new American's Army comic app, I almost wish I would have raised my right hand.You see, many years ago, I came as close as anyone can possibly get to joining the Army -- without actually doing it. I had taken the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery and related tests for each service and scored very well. My plan was to join ROTC in college and then join up after graduation. The Navy had a slot for me for their nuclear program, and the Army offered me a job in intelligence. Because my father was a military police officer during World War II, I favored the Army. I cleared the physicals and was ready to go.
Latest in Army training: how to write your own apps
E-Mail this page
Printable Format
But does the app also show the blood and gore, complete with the smell and sounds of people screaming, including your "buddies"? I suspect not. The Army doesn't want you to see what their stock and trade is until it is too late and you have already raised your hand, like I did back in 1971.
How will a solution to this issue of interest in the digital debate, but will clearly be very important developments
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by Scott Boyle
Daniel Hassdenteufel, an exchange student from Germany, attends Monticello High School.
Hassdenteufel, recently completed the football season as a successful field goal and extra point kicker for the Buckaroo football team and was named to the 1A All-State football team as a kicker, surely a first for any exchange student at Monticello High.
An interview with Daniel:
Q: Tell us a little bit about yourself, your family and your homeland, Germany.
A: My name is Daniel Hassdenteufel. (Everybody in America spells it wrong-- don't even try to pronounce it) I am 16 years young. I am from northern Germany, near Hamburg. My town is not that big, but way bigger than Monticello! About 25,000 people. I have a 14 year old sister, Sarah. My Dad is a Law Enforcement Officer, and my Mom manages a store like Starbucks.
Q: Who is your host family in Monticello?
A: I live with Jeff and Denise Frost and their son Connor. We have gone on a lot of trips. My favorites have been the Grand Canyon, Zion's, and Phoenix to see the Suns play. It was a dream come true to see an NBA game. Steve Nash is one of my favorite players.
Q: How have you enjoyed your exchange student experience so far?
A: I have enjoyed my exchange student experience so far. Some of my favorite things have been going to the White Canyon "Black Hole" with my host Mom, and being able to play on the Buckaroo football team. (Bucks are the best!) The biggest disappointment is: No Soccer!!!
Q: What is the weirdest thing you've noticed about American high school?
A: I think school lunch at American high schools is pretty nasty. At home, in Germany, we don't have school lunch. We bring our own lunch every day. That way you can bring what you want. One of the most surprising things about America is how friendly the people are. I think we are not so friendly to strangers in Germany!
Q: What do you like the best about American high school?
A: The thing I like best about American High Schools is that you can create your own schedule. That is not possible in Germany – you have to take what they tell you, when they tell you. Also, we do not have the same schedule every day. We have different classes every day. The chill thing about that is you don't have to do your homework every day – you have a few days to procrastinate!
Q: What has been the most amazing thing about America? Likes and dislikes?
A: One amazing thing about America is that you can drive 4-wheelers, motorcycles, and get a driver's license at 16 years old. In Germany, you have to be 18 to get any kind of license, and you cannot drive even 4-wheelers without one.
Also, you have to wear a full protective suit with your helmet. Also, a driver's license costs about $2,000 in Germany. One of the things that is hard for me in America is going to church so often and so long, but I am doing my best!
Q: How about the food? Likes and dislikes?
A: I like brownies, Mountain Dew, Sun Chips, and hamburgers. I like raspberry vinaigrette salad dressing, French-dip sandwiches and sloppy joes. I think American candy is nasty. German chocolate and gummies are hard to beat – you can ask Frosts if you don't believe me! The German food I miss the most is doener, which a Turkish pocket bread sandwich, and bratwurst.
Q: Did you play sports in high school in Germany?
A: In Germany, there are no high school sports. There are only community teams. I have played soccer three times a week since I was 4 years old. I have also played basketball for the past three years. I know that my soccer skills were a good base for kicking a football. And I'm not even the long distance kicker on my soccer team – my job is mid-range!
Q: Had you ever played American Football before coming to Monticello?
A: I have never played American football – I didn't even know the rules or how the game works when I came here. In Europe, soccer is more popular than American sports.
Q: How did you happen to start football playing for Monticello High?
A: The Frosts asked if I would like to play football, so I went to watch the first practice to see what it was all about. It was 6:00 in the morning and it was raining. It was so dark I couldn't see very well, and I stood in the rain and tried to figure out why it is a sport to hurt other people on purpose! I said "I don't want to do that."
Four weeks later, Jeff asked me if I would like to try kicking a football. The two of us went up to the football field, and Jeff said I was awesome.
The next day, Jeff took me to the regular afternoon practice and said, "Coach, look at this kid kick!"
Everybody was doing their warm-up stretches. When I kicked the ball, Ryan Bailey yelled, "I want this kid on my team!" I was surprised that everyone was so excited about it. That was pretty fun!
Q: What did you like most about playing football?
A: The best part about playing football was that everyone began to know who I was. I felt proud that I could do such a good job. Everywhere I went people said, "Are you the kicker?" I was able to complete most of my field goals and PAT's , so I felt that I was a big help to the team.
Football was the start of my social life in America and I enjoyed making friends with the guys on the team. In the Layton Christian game, after the touchdown kick their receiver (#4) got past all of my teammates. In that moment, I remembered that the coach said in practice that if I am the last guy, it's my job to tackle the kid coming towards me.
I just heard coach's voice in my head, and then "Bam!" I hit him. I looked up in the stands and everyone was cheering. I kept Layton Christian from scoring and that felt good.
After I played in the first game in Mancos, the cheerleaders would yell my name whenever I went out to kick for the rest of the season. That was fun too! I earned the nickname: "The Germanator" I was able to kick virtually all of the PAT's for the season, and made several field goals. I actually did all of the kicking except punting.
Q: Your longest field goal was a 49 yarder, which is surely a Monticello record. Any thoughts on that particular kick?
A: In the Duchesne game, we were having a rough time. We had some important players injured. At one point, we had a chance to make a 49 yard field goal. As we were setting up Duchesne people were laughing at such a long attempt. The announcer sounded incredulous.
Then I kicked the ball and it went through the goalposts! Everyone cheered, even the Duchesne fans and players! I was so happy!
Everyone said it is very unusual for a high school kicker to get such a long field goal. We are not sure if it is a record for 1A, but we are pretty sure it is a record for MHS.
Q: What are your thoughts about being named to the All-State football team?
A: Actually, I didn't know what to think about being named to All-State, because I don't know what it is, but everyone says it is an honor, so that makes me feel very proud. I just hope I actually get to play in a game because of it! I was sad to see the football season end. It was not something I ever expected to do, and it turned out to be a great experience!
Q: If someone was to visit Germany, what should they do no matter what else happens?
A: If you ever visit Germany, the thing you must do is attend a professional soccer game. My favorite team is Werder Bremen. They are the best, right Hannes? (Hannes is another German exchange student at MHS)
All-Star Classic
MHS wrestler Aaron Butler wrestled in the Eighth Annual All-Star Classic last week, against the number one wrestler in the nation, Jason Chamberlain of springville. Butler came out on the short end of the stick, 20-4, against Chamberlain, whom he described as the "best ever by far".
"He is very skilled on his feet," marveled Butler, "he figures you out and then goes for your weakness." After a first period that ended with Butler down 2-0, Chamberlain relentlessly attacked, taking Aaron down over and over to score the victory. "He would defend my first shot, then kind of bait me in, stick a leg out or something, and then hit the back of my head, knocking me off balance. When I was off balance he would shoot in and get the take down," said a now much wiser Butler.
Butler enjoyed the All-Star experience, "It's a different atmosphere, it's an invitational, they set up the matches, feed you, have interviews with the big papers. It's a higher level. There is more pressure, but the pressure comes from your opponent, who you know is good."
Butler rebounded from the All-Star match to place fourth in the prestigious Rocky Mountain Rumble. Nearly 64 wrestlers competed in each weight in the tournament.
San Juan's Joseph Begaye also had a rough time in the Classic, losing to Hayden Moss of Jordan, 18-3, at 171 pounds.
Junior High Note
At the recent junior high boys basketball tournament in Monticello, Chad Keith and Bowdrie Black of Kayenta were also named to the all-tournament team.


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I realize that these are 'new' and that you likely have not read any of them.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=211753\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Well actually, I have an advance copy of Martin's Lightroom 2 Book and I have read through it...it's quite advanced over the previous book (about 625 pages for the new book and 350 pages for the 1.0 book) and the material in the 2.0 book is pretty much a total rewrite...so I would be inclined to suggest this book (note: I have NOT read Scott's yet and Martin is a friend).Course, if you want to learn LR 2, you might also consider Mike and my LR 2 video tutorial...[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=211781\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Course, if you want to learn LR 2, you might also consider Mike and my LR 2 video tutorial...[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=211781\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I have checked out Amazon for the books on Lightroom 2. The books by Kelby and Martin are set be released in January '09. Other authors set for Oct. '08. You can pre-order. I haven't checked out their individual sites.[{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Ms. Bampton, my apologies for not using your name. My problem is with my eyes, they keep drifting to the picture of you; all else goes blank at that moment. BTW, great forum you have over there. I read it every day.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=211831\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
Based on their books for LR1, I'd go with Martin Evening's book for LR2. IMHO it was head and shoulders better than all the others for LR1. I haven't seen his LR2 book yet but based on owning his LR1 and PS CS3 books he's my first choice.[a href=\"index.php?act=findpost&pid=211765\"][{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
I'm new in this forum, so I don't know if my msg is even going to the right place, but...does anyone know if Rob Sheppard is planning to come out with a LR2 book? I've read parts of his LR1 book and liked it very much. If not, I also liked what I saw of the Evening book. All replies are appreciated.Dick[{POST_SNAPBACK}][/a]
It's not scheduled for release in the UK until August the 28th but is available as a legal, DRMd download from PeachPit and will require the use of the Adobe Digital Editions software.


text: Make an Appointment Locations Main Hospital Washington, District of Columbia 20010 1-888-884-BEAR (2327) Friendship Heights Outpatient Center Washington, District of Columbia 20016 202-895-3860 Northern Virginia Outpatient Center Fairfax, Virginia 22031 571-226-8380 Languages Spoken English German Spanish Departments Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine Board Certifications American Board of PediatricsNational Provider ID: 1598845802 Disclosure This faculty member (or a member of their immediate family) has a working relationship (i.e. consulting, research, and/or educational services) with the companies listed below. These relations have been reported to the health system leadership and, when appropriate, management plans are in place to address potential conflicts. Outside Interests ATN DSMB (AdolescentTrials Network) WESTAT


text:
Birthday Invitations & Thank You Notes
The two most important things you can do when having a birthday or regular party is to first send out the party invitations and then thank them for coming. Once you pick out your theme, you can also get the party invites and thank-you to match. And since you will be sending them by mail, you can also get custom address labels for us as well. Shop our collection of birthday invitations, party invites and thank you notes.


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Female Heads of State:
All photographed at the United Nations on September 23-26, 2010, with the exception of Chancellor Merkel, who was photographed in Berlin, and Prime Minister Radic'ova, who was photographed in Bratislava
Hello, Madame President: Eleven of the world's 18 female leaders.
Top Row, from left: Chancellor Angela Merkel, Germany; President Laura Chinchilla, Costa Rica; Prime Minister Iveta Radiová, Slovakia; Prime Minister Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Trinidad and Tobago.
Middle Row, from left: President Dalia Grybauskait, Lithuania; Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh; Prime Minister Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Iceland; Prime Minister Jadranka Kosor, Croatia.
Bottom Row, from left: President Roza Otunbayeva, Kyrgyzstan; President Tarja Halonen, Finland; President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberia.
Not pictured: President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentina; Prime Minister Mari Johanna Kiviniemi, Finland; President Borjana Krito, Bosnia and Herzegovina; President Doris Leuthard, Switzerland; President Pratibha Patil, India; Prime Minister Julia Gillard, Australia; President Mary McAleese, Ireland.
Hair and makeup: Kerrie Urban; makeup (Merkel): Wiebke Olschewski for Basics
They are, in no particular order, a grandmother of nine, a poet, a black belt in martial arts, a former student body vice president, a sociologist, an ex-schoolteacher and more. And they are, quite literally, the most powerful women on earth: the world's 18 current female presidents and prime ministers. That number has nearly doubled since 1990—and thank goodness, because female leaders are changing the course of history, not only for the half of the world that is female but for us all.
It's about time. Women are the globe's greatest underused resource. "Not so long ago, the prime ministers and presidents were almost all men," says United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. "Women have a fresh outlook on our most difficult problems, whether it's climate change or peace in the Middle East. This is a sea change."
Perhaps that's why a record number of women have landed the top job. Just last month Brazil (population 200 million) became the most recent large country to signal it was ready for female leadership when Dilma Rousseff captured the most votes in the presidential election. (At press time she was favored to win the October 31 runoff.) "In some countries we have had the right to vote for less than 100 years, so the entry of women into political leadership has caused a tsunami," says Iveta Radiová, prime minister of the Slovak Republic.
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberia's "Iron Lady"—who survived imprisonment by political enemies to become, in 2005, the first woman elected president in Africa—agrees. "With more women heads of state, we will have a more peaceful and prosperous world based upon integrity, justice and equity," she says.
Why? Because even women at the top know what it's like to be a second-class citizen. "Unlike male leaders before me, I drew upon my experience as a South Asian woman, mother and daughter to promote human rights for all," says Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh. And after all, these leaders are uniquely great at handling the daily demands of caring for others. "Women are more focused on the quality of life in their countries," says President Dalia Grybauskait, called "the Hope of Lithuania." "They are more involved in family policies, child care and poverty reduction." They also tend to be more inclusive. "As a woman, my style defines my leadership. It's a gentler, more compassionate approach," says Kamla Persad-Bissessar, prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago. "I consult, I listen and I compromise where it's in the best interest of the citizens."
Despite this progress, sexism still abounds. "The media continued to ask feminine' instead of political' questions," says Jadranka Kosor, prime minister of Croatia. "When I became prime minister, the question that I had to answer most often was Are you afraid?'" (Hardly—Kosor has fearlessly battled government corruption, domestic violence and even gender stereotyping in school.)
"In working so hard to raise awareness of the shocking scale of the poverty, oppression and violence visited on the world's women, these female heads of state have issued a powerful cry for justice," Gordon Brown, former prime minister of the United Kingdom, tells Glamour. Thanks to them, he says, women's global empowerment "is not simply possible, but the great moral imperative of our time."
As of press time, there were 18 current female presidents and prime ministers. On October 31, Dilma Rousseff was elected President of Brazil. When she takes office in January 2011, there will be 19 female presidents and prime ministers.
The most powerful women on earth tell Glamour how they made it to the very top, and how they changed things once they got there.
Dalia Grybauskait, President of LithuaniaIveta Radiová, Prime Minister of SlovakiaEllen Johnson Sirleaf, President of LiberiaKamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and TobagoWatch lessons from these leaders at the 2010 Women of the Year event
Dalia Grybauskait
President of Lithuania
Q: As a woman leader, what have you been able to accomplish that men have not?
A: There is an English saying, "When the going gets tough, the tough get going." Women often become these tough ones.
Traditionally, women have a lot of different roles in society. It is very difficult to balance all these roles and at the same time to compete with men. A leading, successful woman has to put in much bigger efforts to be more competent and faster, more dynamic and organized, than a successful man.
Myself, I never had ambition to become president of the state or to accomplish more than men. I was never afraid to work and always kept to my motto: "Any work you do, do it the best you can and achieve the maximum result." This motto followed me through all the activities I was involved in during my professional career as professor at university, diplomat, minister and the EU commissioner.
I ran for president because I wanted to help Lithuania and its people during a difficult time. My country was on the very edge of an economic crisis, and people were disappointed by the economic situation and the political elite. We all needed change and motivation to consolidate our efforts in order to overcome the difficulties. I saw many areas that required reforms, or at least improvement: to restore the people's trust in state authorities and the legal system, to fight corruption, to have more transparency and democracy in public and economic life, to protect the public interest from oligarchization of society.
During my election campaign I was not giving out empty promises, but invited every member of society to join the efforts to work for a better life in Lithuania. I am happy and proud that during one year of presidency, my initiatives have been strongly supported by the people and society and we have launched the process of vitally important state reforms.
I have learned from my own experience that if you work hard you will succeed. People trust those leaders who show real results of their work, rather than those who just talk about the results. I am a person of action. If I see I can bring a positive change, I will go for it, never mind that something might be hard to achieve. Hard work, courage and commitment—these are the key elements for success.
Q: As a woman, how have you been able to inspire and empower other women in your country?
A: Concrete examples of successful women and their stories of achievement are the best inspiration and [means of] empowerment for other women to seek the heights in their professional career and take a leading role in society.
The examples of female success stories are even more important on the global scale, as they help to disseminate the idea of gender equality and to spread the roots for the actual implementation of equal rights for women and men and democratic values among different cultures, societies and traditions.
I am happy that currently in Lithuania there are many strong, educated, active women in top positions in politics, in business and in the academic and artistic worlds, whose stories of success are perfect examples for other women on their path to achievement.
My advice and wish to every woman in my country and in the world is very simple: Do not be afraid to be yourself, to have your dream, your vision, and to go for it. We can achieve a lot if we are sincerely committed to our goals and work hard to realize them.
Q: What, if anything, makes a woman president different?
A: We do not have many women leaders in the world. But if you look at the current examples, most of those few female leaders that we have today lead their countries under the pressure of difficult political and economic circumstances. They all posses strong personalities and have real political influence on the domestic and international scene.
There are many examples of female leaders who are not afraid to take responsibility and openly face the challenges in the worst situations. During conflicts and tense situations, women often work in a more collaborative way, include a larger variety of viewpoints, and function more frequently outside traditional hierarchical means. Women leaders often take a consolidated and reconciliatory position in the society.
Women are more focused on the development of the quality of life in their countries. They are more involved in social and family policies, childcare, and poverty reduction. Female leaders are more oriented toward real and long-lasting results of their policies.
Q: What would the world be like if there were more women heads of state?
A: If there were more women heads of state in the world, the world would be more peaceful and better focused on the improvement of the overall quality of life and welfare.
Women always look for a peaceful solution to a conflict. They are more sensible when they go for compromise or when they stand by their position. They are ready to listen to different views, to hear all the voices in society. Women have more inner power for creation, starting from family and home and ending with professional activity and politics.
Q: Overall, has the world progressed in the past 20 years in the way it views women leaders?
A: I believe that the world has become more democratic and open. Women have become more outspoken, more active and competitive. They have achieved great accomplishments in many fields that were previously dominated by men.
If we take a look at women in the world political arena of today and that of some 40, 20 or 10 years ago, we will see that we had and we have many strong female politicians and vivid political personalities. The world has become more diversified, with women becoming a real power of change.
Next: Iveta Radiová, Prime Minister of Slovakia>>
Iveta Radiová
Prime Minister of Slovakia
Q: As a woman leader, what have you been able to accomplish that men have not?
A: In professions where the criteria of professionalism, expertise, good manners and ethics apply, the gender aspect, i.e., whether a person is a man or woman, is not relevant at all. What is important is that citizens' confidence in politicians and the politics is strong enough to make politicians proud of their profession. As with other professions, there are politicians who make a positive contribution to the history books, there are politicians who serve as an admonition to future generations, and there are politicians who have gone completely unnoticed. Therefore, I hope that as a woman in the office of prime minister, that I will make it to the first category. In this respect, I wish to do it differently than those who have ended up in other categories.
Q: As a woman, how have you been able to inspire and empower other women in your country?
A: The precondition of success and entry to the top politics is primarily one's will—that is, making one's own decisions, because it means having to leave your home or move your family, quit social networking and build new contacts, [since] central governments are seated in capitals. At the same time, it involves a decision to basically give up one's privacy, to unite the usual division of one's activities into professional world, family and leisure under a single heading: the professional world. Those bits of free time and moments spent with the family are then extremely precious, yet they are no longer completely private. If women decide that their mission, their political career, balances out what they have to give up, they can be and are equally successful as men. This is not, however, the main temptation of the power for me, therefore I find it much harder to put up with this loss.
Q: What, if anything, makes a woman president or prime minister different?
A: The sole fact that you have asked this question means that it is something unusual, unexpected or surprising, something that draws attention; it means that it is not common or usual but remains atypical. I am a little sorry that attention is paid to the sole fact that these positions are held by women, rather than to the fact how they actually perform in these positions. On the other hand, I understand that for millennia this been the traditional domain of men—and a vigorous entry of women into politics has caused a tsunami. If we take into account that women have had the right to vote only for some 100 years—in some countries even less—and that we have already won seats in governments or presidential offices, I understand that men look at this rise with some anxiety.
Q: What would the world be like if there were more women heads of state?
A: A beautiful movie was made in Poland, an excellent science fiction comedy called The Sexmission, where the rule of women is taken to the extreme: All men were completely destroyed and not only in leading positions. The punch line is probably not surprising: The head of this brand new world is a man disguised as a woman…All extremes are harmful, including when this profession is performed solely by men. A rule applies: If you need to pursue your interests, do not expect anyone else to do it for you.
Q: Overall, has the world progressed in the past 20 years in the way it views women leaders?
A: The world underwent major changes in the twentieth century. In addition to the two cruel world wars, we are still facing serious military conflicts, threats of extremism and terrorism, new challenges in energy and climate, and, most recently, the second global economic crisis in less than 100 years. The question now stands: How do we manage our world? Are we really able to manage our world in a responsible manner, are we able to manage it without thinking in four-year election cycles, are we able to risk the loss of popularity for making unpopular short-term decisions that, however, bring long-term effects? Where is the borderline between politics and show business? Have we erased it completely? To be elected, we have to be popular; to be popular, we serve the citizens with solutions that often go against their fundamental interests. To be responsible politics is a great challenge, and the power of women is absolutely essential for this purpose.
Next: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President of Liberia>>
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
President of Liberia
Q: As a woman leader, what have you been able to accomplish that men have not?
A: I have led the way for moving women from traditional roles to strategic positions and inspired girls and women throughout Africa to seek leadership positions.
Q: Why did women voters so strongly support you?
A: After a lifetime of political activism and professional success nationally and internationally, women voters are clear that I represent their expectations and aspirations.
Q: As a woman, how have you been able to inspire and empower other women in your country?
A: Women hold strategic positions in the Cabinet and in other government bodies. I have established a market development fund supported by private donations to empower rural women through better working conditions and literacy training. A second fund, also from private donations, provides funding for the building of 50 schools, training of 500 teachers and scholarships for 5,000 girls throughout the country; girls and women have voices in claiming participation in societal endeavors.
Q: What, if anything, makes a woman president different?
A: Sensitivity to living conditions, particularly as regards women and children.
Q: What would the world be like if there were more women heads of state?
A: A more peaceful and prosperous world based on integrity, justice and equity.
Q: Overall, has the world progressed in the past 20 years in the way it views women leaders?
A: A resounding yes! In the majority of countries, discriminatory laws and social barriers to women's rights and participation have been removed. It is increasingly a world of gender equality, as demonstrated by the increased role of women in leadership positions in all areas throughout society.
Next: Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago>>
Kamla Persad-Bissessar
Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago
Q: As a woman leader, what have you been able to accomplish that men have not?
A: Personally, I don't subscribe to that school of thought that leadership can be altogether defined by gender. Still, my administration, though quite young (we've been in office for four months), has made it our policy to listen to the voice of the people, be mindful of their needs. So now, where there was apathy and indifference, people see hope and optimism that their needs will be tended to because their government cares. From day one, my mantra has been—and will continue to be—that as a government we were there to serve the people, not the other way around.
As a woman, though, I think my style defines my leadership in that it's a gentler, more compassionate approach. Rather than tell people what's good for them, I consult, I listen and I compromise where it's in the best interest of the citizens.
Q: Why did women voters so strongly support you?
A: The men had been tried and tested for 48 years, yet there were still wide gaps in society, things that had not changed, issues that affected women but were never addressed. So I think women crossed party lines and supported me because they saw something and someone they could identify with —like a sister, a mother, someone they could dialogue with, someone they could trust, someone who would listen and understand to their concerns in a positive and meaningful way.
They had witnessed my struggle in politics, known me as a working mother trying keep the right balance, and in me they saw themselves, someone who understood and was ready to take up the challenge to make things better for them.
I had met with several women's groups and assured them that the issues affecting them were well known to me, as a woman in the male-dominated world of politics and law, and as a working mother and now quite proudly as a grandmother. I know the needs and plight of women. Toward that end, I put together a package specifically designed to address issues that face women in Trinidad and Tobago today.
I believe that if we look after our women, then they will look after our children, and that can only redound to a better society and future. I always remember your own Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, at a women's forum in Beijing, saying: "If women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish…and when families flourish, communities and nations will flourish." So true.
Q: As a woman, how have you been able to inspire and empower the other women in your country?
A: While I am a lawyer by profession and have travelled to several countries, working and educating myself, I came from a rural background in a Third World country at a time when women were told what their place was and whose mothers enjoyed even less. But it was my same mother, despite the limitations placed on women of her time by society, who insisted I be allowed to go abroad to study, in sturdy defiance of the male elders of the family, who protested and decided that I should be married off instead.
Now look at where I am today. If someone or something had not inspired my mother, where would I be now? Therefore, I hope that my story alone serves as some sort of inspiration to the women of my country, that there must be no barriers left and that where we came from must not determine how far we can go.
My climb to political success was no elevator ride, and it has not always been pretty, but I persevered as one of a handful of women in the male-dominated world of politics. Now I can make a great difference standing on the inside. I want to use my position of influence to change the laws of the land to the benefit of the women of Trinidad and Tobago, divide the economic pie more evenly and appoint more women to positions within the government.
Q: What, if anything, makes a woman president different?
A: The late Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir once said: "Whether women are better than men I cannot say, but I can say they are certainly no worse." Style of leadership may probably be where some difference comes in. You know that old joke: Men don't want to be confused by the facts when their minds are already made up. Women know the art of negotiation—just ask the mother of a four-year-old who refuses to eat his veggies or the parent of a teenager.
Q: What would the world be like if there were more women heads of state?
A: Well, we grew up at a time when the majority of heads of state has mainly been men. And we have to ask, how is the world today? If women were in the majority as world leaders, would there still be the rape of women as a spoil of war? What about female genital mutilation, the stoning of a woman and mother for alleged adultery, children being sold into slavery, prostitution? The proof of the pudding is always in the eating, so maybe 50 years from now a female leader somewhere may have the answer to this question. Who knows? She may be the fourth of fifth female U.S. president.
Q: Overall, has the world progressed in the past 20 years in the way it views women leaders?
A: Yes, I think so. The increased number of women in positions of influence over the years bears testimony to that. This achievement has been the result of the women who have gone before us.
The strides we've made are because of the work they did—doors previously closed are now open, and this is because of the foundation they laid. As I said before, to change things, you have to be on the inside, and women need to support each other to get that foot in the door.
In the U.S. alone, I believe women hold some 90-odd seats in Congress; Condoleezza Rice and Hillary Clinton have created paths, in one way or another, for women to follow. Long before we dreamed it, there was the Queen of England as head of the Commonwealth, Indira Gandhi managed a complex and diverse country, and even in the Caribbean, Dame Eugenia Charles and others made us realize we can do the job, too. Their successes, and those of women leaders today, have contributed tremendously to the consensus that, if I can borrow from your President, "Yes, we can."


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