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By DonalBane of Blakmers
Battlefield Reporter
The official start of Pennsic War XL took place under bright skies Sunday afternoon. For the 40th time, the Known World assembled to open the festivities of War.
Per tradition, the Kingdom of Æthelmearc assembled first in the Pennsic Fort with the battlements draped in red shields with escarbuncles, a host of Æthelmearcians awaited their cousins from throughout the Known World.
The East Kingdom and the Midrealm marched in together, with their respective allies following behind. Representatives from all 19 Known World kingdoms, the Holy Kingdom of Acre and the Great Dark Horde came forth.
Once all had assembled, HRM Christopher of Æthelmearc addressed the populace and offered welcome.
"We assure you this will be the greatest celebration in the history of the Known World," HRM Christopher said.
HRM Morgan of Æthelmearc then also welcomed the populace and expressed her hope that all who met on the battlefield this war would leave as friends.
HRM Christopher then asked the assembled populace for a moment of silence for Mack Cooper, in honor of the late owner of Cooper's Lake. HRM then reminded the populace of the memorial services for Mack Cooper Monday at 4 p.m., honoring the man who had played host to Pennsic for the last 34 wars.
"He has given us this through his efforts and hard work," HRM Christopher said.
Master Vorlin o'r Gwig of the Midrealm then told the story of how the first Pennsic War came to be, telling of how then King Cariadoc answered a challenge from a former Midrealm King — Cariadoc himself.
"Cariadoc obliged by declaring war on his former kingdom and was thoroughly trounced," Master Vorlin said, much to the amusement of the crowd.
After the tale was told, the Kings of the two belligerent lands stepped forward.
HRM Arch of the Midrealm, claiming he was the one who was wronged, spoke first. HRM Arch claimed that, during a routine trade mission in the spring, his merchants were "set upon by those wearing blue Tygers" and robbed of their possessions.
HRM Lucan of the East disputed the claim, but agreed to settle the dispute.
"To prove who is right, we shall have a contest and a War," HRM Lucan said.
Their Majesties then broke a war arrow, setting off the cannons and garnering cheers from the crowd.
The roll of the Kingdoms was then called to declare their alliances, beginning with the hosting Kingdom. HRM Christopher said Æthelmearc would join forces with its mother kingdom in the East.
The Kingdoms of the West, Atenveldt, An Tir, Atlantia, Trimaris, Artemesia and Gleann Abhann all declared for the East. The Holy Kingdom of Acre also declared for the East, honoring the 30th year of the treaty between the two Kingdoms.
TRM of Caid, Ansteorra, Calontir, Outlands, Drachenwald and Ealdormere all declared for the Midrealm. Master Robin Gallowglass declared Meredies' alliance with the Midrealm in absence of his king, while Master William Castille did the same for Lochac.
HRM Morgan of Northshield then spoke and claimed his kingdom had thought long and hard about whom to side with. In the end, HRM Morgan said his kingdom cared about fairness and having a good fight. For that reason, Northshield's armored combatants would fight for the Midrealm, its rapier fighters would fight for the East and its archers would choose whom they fought for individually.
The Great Dark Horde was last to declare. After first asking if the 40-year old dispute could be settled by thumb wrestling, the Khan of the Horde declared his warriors to the Midrealm.
With all kingdoms declared, House Darkyard was summoned to provide the Pennsic War Horn. After it was brought to the dais, HRM Arch took the horn and declared, "Let there be War!" He then let loose a high-toned blast to open the War. The sound of war was quick in coming, as a space was cleared in front of the dais for the Heroic Champions' battle.
The Midrealm and East each called forth five of their greatest champions to meet each other in single combat. The combat took place in front of the populace of the Known World. Whichever side claimed the most victories would claim them first War Point of Pennsic XL.
Saying he had never been so proud to serve on the battlefield, Duke Master Moonwulf stood forward first for the Midrealm. However, Sir Manfred von Halstern of the East beat him in the first bout.
Duke Sir Vissevald Selkirkson of the East then met Duke Sir Felix of Ramsey for the Middle. Duke Felix was victorious.
Duke Sir Rangvaldr Yahnson then faced Duke Sir Gavin Kilkenny and Duke Rangvaldr made it 2-1 Midrealm.
Duke Sir Eliahu Yitzakh then claimed the War Point for the Midrealm, defeating Master Feral von Halstern of the East.
The East's Duke Master Randall of the Dark made the final tally 3-2 Midrealm as he defeated Duke Sir Dag Thorgrimson of the Midrealm in an entertaining bout.
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text: Let's face it... it's a complete myth that your work will just "be discovered" and that your personal brand just "happens." These are topics that simply cannot be reduced to sound bites and can't be left to happenstance. In case you missed last week's LIVE broadcast of chasejarvisLIVE, we brought on brand luminary Marc Ecko and spent a full 90 minutes uncovering the core principles of Marc's 20-year-long rocket ship of a career... read more ›

subset: commoncrawl


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In order to get the desired result that the 3D and 4D views are equivalent, the authors need "sums-at-times" to satisfy two requisites: (a) sums-at-times are acceptable for endurantists, i.e. they are not additions to the endurantist ontology, they are nothing over and above the enduring particles that the endurantist already accepts (b) Sums-at-times are "timebound", i.e. they exist at only one time. For any two different times t and t' in which an object O exists, (O, t) is numerically distinct from (O, t'). (Because of problems with the blogger, I use brackets instead of > and < to represent sums-at-times...In my notation, (O, t)represents the sum of particles that constitute O at t).
The second requisite is necessary for the translation scheme they propose to work. If sums-at-times are not timebound, then something is true of them that is not true of temporal parts (namely, that they exist or may exist at more than one time). This is why, I think, the authors hasten to emphasize that
(O, t) [the sum of particles that constitute O at t] may be understood as a 3D object which exists only at time t and no other time. […] The upshot of this is that the intertranslatability of 3D and 4D descriptions rests ultimately upon entities which can be described indifferently as "instantaneous 4D temporal parts", or "3D objects which exist at one time only". (p. 574)
But in ensuring that sums-at-times satisfy (b), the authors compromise (a). Understood as entities that exist at only one time, sums-at-times are genuine additions to the endurantist ontology. And this is so independently of how ontologically promiscuous the endurantist decides to be about other issues (i.e. whether she accepts coincidence, arbitrary composition, etc) while still being endurantist.
Take an example. Suppose that there are two times t and t' such that Tibbles does not change in its constituent particles from t to t'. Then the set of particles that constitute Tibbles at t is the same set that constitutes it at t'. However, given (b), (Tibbles, t) is not identical to (Tibbles, t'). They are two different entities, one existing only at t and the other only at t'. But why should the endurantist accept the existence of these two numerally distinct things, (Tibbles, t) and (Tibbles, t')? She accepts the existence of Tibbles, the existence of times, and the existence of enduring particles that constitute Tibbles at different times. Let us assume that she will also accept the existence of sums of these particles. So she will accept the existence of a sum of particles that constitute Tibbles at t, and a sum that constitutes Tibbles at t'. But why should she say that these are two numerically distinct things? After all, they are composed of exactly the same enduring particles. Nothing in the endurantist's position commits her with the existence of two things here. In fact, the endurantist position can be understood precisely as the negation of the existence of two distinct things in a case like this. So understood, the endurantist view is that there are sums-at-times, but not as many as the perdurantist think there are. Notice that the endurantist can have this view even if she accepts unrestricted mereological composition. The existence of two different sums-at-times in the example above does not follow from accepting arbitrary composition. It would follow from accepting arbitrary decomposition. But this is precisely the doctrine that the endurantist refuses to accept, and what makes her position non-equivalent to perdurantism. .


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Is it considered an obsession if you've eaten at a place five times the first two weeks it's open for business? If so, consider me obsessed with Hawkers.
First, the menu. Part infographic (so that's how I hold my chopsticks!), part design masterpiece, there's an abundance of mouthwatering options, and that's because Hawkers serves up street food from China, Vietnam, Thailand, Korea, Japan and Malaysia. (The food is so good, I temporarily forget I'm in 5 Points.)
I can't say enough about the atmosphere: Huge windows open to unveil an entirely open façade. Large upside-down wok-like pans serve as light fixtures and hang from an exposed wood beam ceiling. An old upcycled wooden palette with chalkboard paint serves as the craft beer list.
Hawkers is thoroughly modern, comfortable and hip.
The food speaks for itself. I can't think of any comparable places in town that have such a culturally diverse menu with such reasonable prices.
Start with the roti canai, a Malaysian flat bread ($3) that I can best describe as fluffy Indian naan meets the airiness of a French crêpe. It's served with a cup of delightfully spicy curry dipping sauce. Another standout is the crispy roasted pork "siu yoke" ($6), or pork belly, served with a thick hoisin dipping sauce and garnished with scallions.
Items are intended to be shared, even the soups. You'll receive a large bowl, two smaller cups and a giant ladle. The tom yum soup ($8.50) touts a spicy lemongrass broth that's loaded with flat rice noodles, shrimp, bean sprouts, basil, straw mushrooms, tomatoes and cucumbers. It's great on a chilly day and leaves you feeling warm inside.
I preferred the stir-fry noodle dishes to the rice bowls. Hawkers' stir-fry udon noodles ($8), with eggs, scallions, onions, bean sprouts and carrots, and chicken pad Thai ($8) earn my top honors. Runner-up? The Zha Jiang Mian ($7.50), a traditional Chinese dish with blanched noodles, ground chicken, yow chow (a leafy green similar to bok choy), spicy red peppers, cucumbers and a slightly sweet sauce. It's stick-to-your-ribs filling, too.
Skip the spring rolls (good but nothing special), basil fried rice (seemed to need a few dashes of salt?) and edamame (go for something more exciting). Do, however, set aside room for the Royal Pairing, a unique dessert that's part mangosteen and part durian fruit, or the trio of tea-based crème brûlées — Thai tea, Malaysian milk tea and green tea — served with crunchy biscuit-like dipping cookies.
Hawkers is open daily for lunch and dinner. There's also a separate kitchen devoted to take-out orders (rumor has it that they'll soon offer delivery, too).
The staff is incredibly knowledgeable and authentic — everyone seems genuinely passionate about being there, and about the food, which makes it that much harder to stay away.


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Recently I got to have lunch with the lovely ladies from Cincy Chic and we headed downtown to Coffee Emporium.
It's right there on Central Parkway - you have to kind of look for it but the umbrellas and sidewalk sign sure helped.
Inside the wafting smell of coffee is very strong. There are quite a few tables but also there's a nice loungy couch area in the front too.
There's a big wall o' coffee too - I don't drink coffee but it smelled good.
The girls from CC got the chicken salad ($6.95) - this one had the side salad. I'm always wary of chicken salad - I hate the stuff with nuts and grapes and stuff - I don't really even know if this had that BUT the girls both loved it. This came with the side salad or fruit.
I got the OTR Grilled Cheese ($6.95) with the side salad. It came with rye, garlic spread, tomato, cheddar & swiss. It was pretty good - I could definitely taste the garlic in the spread. The dressing was tasty as well - the "salad" was just spring mix - maybe adding something to it would be nice as well.
Here's the Chicken Salad served with a side of fruit. Again - looked good!
I didn't try these - someone called me out for not trying all the food on a previous blog. I gotta say - I don't think it's right of me to say "Hey friend - can I eat your food?" I'll do that with Larry - but not when I'm on a business lunch or with casual friends.
Why Should You Go? It's definitely a nice different lunch spot in downtown. It's a little off the beaten path but there is a good deal of parking though - so that's nice. I'd go back...


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Official: NH should pay off Cannon's capital fund deficitBy SHAWNE K. WICKHAM
New Hampshire Sunday News
May 04. 2013 9:07PM
CONCORD - State Treasurer Catherine Provencher is recommending that lawmakers "stop the bleeding" and pay off a $372,000 deficit in the Cannon Mountain Capital Improvement Fund.
That fund - which is separate from Cannon's operating fund - pays for principal and interest on bonds issued for capital projects at the state-owned ski area in Franconia Notch State Park. There is currently a $372,000 shortfall in the account, and "it's projected that the deficit will continue to grow," Provencher told the New Hampshire Sunday News.
Here's why: When lawmakers agreed to lease Mount Sunapee ski area to a private entity starting in 1999, the revenues from that deal were designated for the Cannon Mountain Capital Improvement Fund (CMCIF) to improve Cannon's ski area. The state is authorized to issue bonds of up to $6 million to pay for capital improvements at Cannon, according to Provencher.
But in some years, the payments from Sunapee, which are based in part on a percentage of sales, have lagged behind the debt service for Cannon projects, even as new debt was incurred for improvements at the mountain.
"Over the years, additional bonds have been authorized for snowmaking equipment, trail-grooming equipment, a new base lodge, all those things that need to occur to have Cannon Mountain continue to be a viable destination for skiers," Provencher said.
And as a result, she said, "the lease payments from Mount Sunapee have not been sufficient to cover the debt service."
Provencher recently told the Cannon Mountain Advisory Commission, on which she serves, that it's time to "stop the bleeding" and fix the system for good.
She points out that Cannon actually operates at a profit but that revenues from Cannon go to support other parks that do not generate revenue. "Our parks fund was intended to be self-supporting, so I have to say Cannon and the Hampton meters pay for an awful lot of our system of parks that we can all enjoy," she said.
For the fiscal year that ends June 30, Cannon will transfer $650,000 to the state parks division and an additional $50,000 to New Hampshire Fish and Game to pay for rescue efforts, according to Philip Bryce, director of the state Division of Parks and Recreation.
"The New Hampshire model is that we have a few parks that support the rest of the parks system," Bryce said. The state is fortunate, he said, to have "special places like Franconia Notch State Park, like Hampton Beach ... fantastic places, so they can generate that revenue to support the rest of the parks system."
Provencher is recommending that Senate budget writers amortize the current $372,000 deficit in the CMCIF over five years to pay it off out of Cannon's net revenues. She also proposes using Cannon's revenues each year to first make up the difference between the Sunapee payments and the Cannon debt service before any funds go into the general parks fund or to Fish and Game.
Once the CMCIF deficit is paid off, Bryce said, he anticipates that revenues from Sunapee would cover the debt payments for Cannon projects.
Meanwhile, since Sunapee payments into the CMCIF are based in part on the previous season's proceeds, the state expects to get less revenue for the fiscal year that ends June 30 because of the poor ski season in 2011-12. Sunapee revenues are estimated at $505,456, while the Cannon bond payments total $642,357.
In contrast, after the record-breaking 2010-11 ski season, Sunapee sent $620,815 in revenues to the CMCIF for FY12; Cannon bond payments that year totalled $612,705.
And this year's healthy ski season is expected to close the gap for the next fiscal year. "We've already projected that that (Sunapee) payment will go up $80,000 for 2014," Provencher said.
The CMCIF deficit has been a long-standing point of contention for those who want to see the state give up management of Cannon and turn it over to a private company, as was done with Mount Sunapee.
Senate Majority Leader Jeb Bradley, R-Wolfeboro, has been a chief proponent of exploring the private-lease option for Cannon.
He argues that given the vagaries of New Hampshire weather, it's time for the state to get out of the business of running a ski area.
But Bradley says he's given up that fight - at least for now - after the House "hijacked" a bill he sponsored last year to develop a master plan for Cannon Mountain and Franconia State Park, including an analysis of the lease option.
The Senate ended up killing the bill when it came back from the House with Bradley's master plan gutted, replaced with a "non-germane" amendment. "The bill had changed so much there wasn't much left to it," he said.
Bradley said using Sunapee lease proceeds to fund improvements at Cannon made sense a decade ago. But given the state's fiscal challenges, he'd like to see state leaders have another conversation about leasing Cannon, as well.
"I totally get that folks don't want to see the state park undermined or huge condominium developments," he said. "But that being said, should there be a discussion about whether the state should be in the business of running a ski area and all the risks?"
Still, Bradley said, he backed off in the face of "strident opposition" both in Concord and the Franconia region. "I was climbing uphill with an avalanche coming down at me."
Bryce said he would not want to sever the link between the two ski areas. "The whole justification was to lease one to get investment in the other," he said. "And then investment in Cannon will allow Cannon to generate even more revenue in the future."
But he said perhaps the state could do a better job of "providing adequate information so that folks like Senator Bradley understand what the actual financial picture at Cannon is."
"We have a wonderful mountain," Bryce said. "Anybody I've spoken to who skis there says it was great conditions, great people, a great time."


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3D Printing PLA filament red color 3mm 1Kg
3D Printing PLA filament red color 3mm 1Kg
The PLA (PolylLactic Acid) is one of the principal plastic types used in 3D printing. It is strong, rigid, offers a very high resistance to deformation, it is 100% biodegradable and compostable as is of a natural origin (corn, potatoes or sugar cane).
It has a variety of uses but is widely used in 3D pieces that require fast prototyping and excellent terminations in angles and vertex. It has a bright finish in comparison to ABS that has a matte finish.
This plastic is easier to work on than ABS thanks to lower extrusion temperatures, does not require a heated bed and does not emit foul smell.
This product contains 1Kg of 3mm thick PLA plastic filament in red color.
The PLA filament is brighter and easier to work on compared to ABS, reducing overall printing time.
It has a lower fusion point than ABS, allowing it to print pieces with great adherence without using a heated bed and reducing warping.
- Filament Diameter: 3mm.
- Diameter tolerance: ±0.03mm.
- Extrusion temperature: from 180 to 210°C.
- Heated bed temperature: Does not require a heated bed.
- Net Weight: Aprox 1Kg.
- Spool dimensions: 165 x 100mm (diameter, height).
- Spool mounting hole size: 40mm.
- Box dimensions: 190 x 240 x 240mm (length, wide y height).
- Package Weight: 1.2Kg.
Origin: European Manufacturing.


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Owner of Epping tow company faces drug possession chargesBy JASON SCHREIBER
Union Leader Correspondent
February 04. 2013 9:49PM
EPPING - The owner of a local towing company was arrested on drug charges Monday night after a routine motor vehicle dealer audit turned into a drug investigation, according to state police.
Timothy Castine, of 93 Jenness Road and the owner of Tim & Joni's Towing, was arrested on charges of drug possession, state police Lt. Nicole Armaganian said.
The arrest followed an investigation that began earlier in the day when state police from Troop G arrived to conduct a motor vehicle dealer audit.
During the audit, Armaganian said police "smelled a heavy odor" of what appeared to be marijuana inside the residence on the property where the business is also located.
Police then applied for and were granted warrants to search the property. During the search, which included three police K-9s, Armaganian said police found drugs and drug paraphernalia.
Several state police cruisers were at the property throughout the day, first for the audit and later for the drug investigation that lasted into Monday night.


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Work will begin on the second phase of the U.S. Route 13 corridor/median project on or about Thursday, Nov. 1 and continue for approximately four weeks, according to a Town of Smyrna announcement.
The project will be done at night Sunday through Thursday from 8 p.m. to 6 a.m. Some lane closures will be required. The project will comply with all DelDOT required maintenance of traffic and safety requirements including flaggers, lighting, arrow signs and barrels.
The project location is the Route 13 median from Mill Street to Commerce Street. The project involves removal of portions of the concrete median, removal and replacement of fill materials, storm water modifications, installation of epoxy surfaces, and installation of plant materials.
The contractor is Clean Cut/Interlocking Pavers and the project will be completed under the supervision of Matt Spong, of Landscape Architectural Services, who is acting as the town's landscape architect and project manager.
A temporary construction office and work staging area has been established off of Mill Street.


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- British GP - Race
Chilton 'very lucky' to avoid flying tyre
- Race:
- British Grand Prix
Max Chilton says he is "very lucky" to have avoided a serious injury after tweeting a picture of a flying tyre from Kimi Raikkonen's accident frighteningly close to his head at Silverstone.
Chilton was one of the cars coming down Wellington Straight as Raikkonen's Ferrari bounced across the track after hitting the barrier, prompting a first-lap red flag. Raikkonen's front right tyre came loose on impact and bounced across the circuit - narrowly missing Chilton's car.
On the replays of the accident Chilton can be seen locking up heavily as the tyre goes over his Marussia. Thankfully Raikkonen also escaped serious injury, leaving the medical centre with bruising on his knee.
It once again raises the issue of head safety in motor sport, which gained attention in 2009 after Henry Surtees - son of former world champion John - was killed by a bouncing tyre colliding with his helmet in a Formula Two race at Brands Hatch. That incident happened just one week before Felipe Massa was hospitalised with life-threatening injuries after being struck by a detached spring from Rubens Barichello's car in Hungary.
Having been sent the picture by a fan on Twitter, Chilton shared it with his own followers:
Thanks to @nathanjowen for sharing this!
Very lucky
pic.twitter.com/O77nKVY3c0— Max Chilton (@maxchilton) July 6, 2014
Count my self very lucky twice today, firstly to avoid any serious injury and secondly for the support!
pic.twitter.com/C5Sajb11vw— Max Chilton (@maxchilton) July 6, 2014


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In action taken by the Borough Council last week, the northern New Jersey community of Hopatcong approved an ordinance to allow bowhunting on designated property to help reduce the growing number of auto accidents involving deer as well as to address an increase of Lyme disease in the region.
At the Sept. 19 Borough Council meeting, wildlife biologists for the state Division of Fish and Wildlife gave presentations on deer overpopulation and management methods, and answered residents" questions primarily concerning trespassing and overall safety, according to the New Jersey Herald newspaper.
Under the ordinance was approved last week, specific properties to be included in the bow-and-arrow hunt will be reviewed be the Deer Management Task Force and recommendations will be made to the council at one of the upcoming October meetings, Mayor Sylvia Petillo said.
Petillo said concerns of the growing deer herd included destroyed gardens, foraged by deer, as well as the increase of Lyme disease, which can be linked to ticks carried by deer. In addition, the number of deer-related auto accidents has risen steadily, with 45 in 2009, 53 in 2010 and 114 in 2011.
"If we don't do something now…if we can't find a way to work this out together, next year is going to be much, much worse," Petillo said.


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Native Voices
Hardship & Healing Gallery
Project Group
DateSeptember 2011
LocationNational Library of Medicine, NIH Campus, Bethesda, MD
Other Media
Occupying a focal point in the rotunda gallery of the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland, this media installation tells the story of Native peoples' healing traditions.
The story of Native peoples is one filled with adversity and hardship, but also survival and resurgence. By way of an innovative series of timelines, this interactive installation looks at cultures on the rebound and provides a reappreciation of traditional healing methods. While visitors browse the interactive kiosks, data is sent to a large, fifteen-screen media display that acts as a beacon and informative billboard.
The centerpiece of the kiosk design uses a series of circular timelines, implying that time is oftentimes cyclical, rather than linear—an idea inspired by Native conceptions of history. The timeline is organized by six major eras, from 10,000 BC to the present day, and events are color-coded, based on themes. As visitors activate any given event, the timeline spins like a ferris wheel and focuses on granular historical events, each supplemented with images and anecdotes. The animations and colorful transitions make for a fun and insightful look at this important subject.
Part of SapientRazorfish /© 2018 Second Story, Inc.
- Lead Interaction Designer
- Chris Dewan
- Junior Interaction Designer
- Lisa Kennedy
- User Experience Designer
- Michael Godfrey
- Art Production
- Kirsten Southwell
- Technology Director
- Thomas Wester
- Interactive Developer
- Zach Doe
- Digital Media Developer
- Aubrey Francois
- Lead Systems Developer
- David Brewer
- Content Strategist
- Scott Smith
- Producer
- Kate Wolf
- Content Producer
- Elizabeth Bourke
- Technology Coordinator
- Sam Jeibmann
- Quality Assurance
- Jen Dolan
Project Group
- Project Overview
- Hardship & Healing Gallery
- Interview Stations
- Native Voices Web Site
- Welcome Wall


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Furthermore, it may come as a huge relief to the Air Force's current crop of drone pilots and sensor operators, who are worked to the bone as-is—more than three times more hours a year than fighter pilots, the LA Times reported.
The Air Force, and the Defense Department for that matter, seem to finally be coming to terms with the realities of ongoing operations around the globe, and the demand for more RPA capacity in those conflicts—not less.
In the past 50 years, the U.S. has largely participated in wars of choice, but in the future this most likely will not be the case. The fight against ISIS in Syria, Iraq and Northern Africa is a sign of things to come. Unmanned aircraft, especially those that can be armed, are incredibly well adapted at the counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency fight.
Russia's Ministry of Defense social media channels have been busy as ever, but today they seem to…Read more Read
When it comes to striking targets of opportunity, where an F-16 needs to refuel almost every hour over the battle-zone, a Reaper can stay on target for dozens of hours without needing tanker support. This capability is also especially helpful for armed over-watch missions. When it comes to surveillance, drones can persist over an area of interest , doing all kinds of surveillance, some of it very exotic in nature , much longer than manned assets, all at much lower cost. The fact that no crew is onboard means that drones can penetrate deep into hostile territory without risking a crew or needing complex combat search and rescue forces on standby.
The huge pods slung under this USAF MQ-9 Reaper represent the most game-changing aerial…Silk pocket square Solid beige Notch MEH BEIGE Notch 6xR14A0
Although the Air Force would love to plan and arm for the next great high-intensity, near peer-state conflict, it cannot just deny the dire need of the lower-intensity conflicts the U.S. remains mired in today. Just because you want a conflict to end does not mean the other side will agree, and what grows in the vacuum left by retreating American forces has proven to be darker in nature than what came before.
It seems as if the Defense Department, and possibly the White House, is finally learning this lesson. This proposal is also a sign that the Air Force is finally going to work toward addressing the cultural issues related to RPA force.
Things have gone much better for another Shell initiative that was begun in 1965, albeit with far less fanfare. Jimmy Davidson, the head of economics and planning for Shell's exploration and production division, tapped the company veteran Ted Newland to start an activity called Long-Term Studies at the London headquarters. "I was placed in a little cubicle on the 18th floor and told to think about the future, with no real indications of what was required of me," Newland recalls. His appointment marked the start of a remarkable and still ongoing experiment in using scenario planning to engage with an uncertain future.
Under the leadership of Newland and Davidson, who became Shell's first overall head of planning in 1967, the "futures" operation began to take shape. Newland started by delivering a "Year 2000" study report. Then, together with his new colleague Henk Alkema, he began to develop long-term outlooks in the form of alternative futures. The very first oil-price scenarios prepared by this duo were sent to senior executives by mid-1971. Around this time Davidson brought in Pierre Wack, who had been the head of planning for Shell Française, to try to secure the attention and interest of Shell's most senior executives. Wack, a former magazine editor with a bent for Eastern philosophy and mysticism, focused on telling plausible stories about how the wider business context of Shell might develop. Together with Newland he came to define the practice of scenario planning at Shell; each man headed the team at some point during an eventful decade of oil crises and economic turmoil that they and their colleagues had to some extent envisioned ahead of time. (Wack described the development of some of the early scenarios in his article "Scenarios: Uncharted Waters Ahead," HBR September–October 1985.) But Shell-style scenario planning has never really been about predicting the future. Its value lies in how scenarios are embedded in—and provide vital links between—organizational processes such as strategy making, innovation, risk management, public affairs, and leadership development. It has helped break the habit, ingrained in most corporate planning, of assuming that the future will look much like the present. As unthreatening stories, scenarios enable Shell executives to open their minds to previously inconceivable or imperceptible developments.
Scenario planning has now been in use at Shell for more than 45 years, spanning times of great triumph and prominence—especially in the 1970s—but also long stretches during which company leaders struggled to see its value. It has come close to being shut down at least three times. But it has continued to evolve and help shape the company's global thinking about energy and other matters—and, at times, its strategy. For an operation that doesn't contribute directly to the bottom line, and that emphasizes the uncertainty of the future rather than making bold predictions, this is remarkable.
The first formal round of Shell scenarios was completed in November 1971. Since then Shell's scenario planners have produced 34 rounds of global and long-term energy scenarios and updates and many more-focused ones. Some synopsized examples are included here and on the following pages, under the actual Shell titles.
A late response to an impending energy gap causes oil prices to spiral upward. Producer governments exert tight control on the industry through nationalization.
The governments of consumer nations intervene in energy markets, supported by public opinion. The energy industry gets subsidies, constraints are imposed on consumption, and conservation is encouraged.
(This was a very active year for scenarios: The above are just two of the six that were issued in January, and two more, focused on the likelihood of an energy shortage, came nine months later.)
The moral leadership exuded by U.S. President Jimmy Carter restores confidence. Governments take measures to strengthen international trade and investment.
Recovery is slower than normal. Unemployment combines with a dim view of government in general to make the system fragile.
Inflation rises sharply, as do wages. The global economy is buffeted by conflict in the Middle East and other external shocks.
Economic power is the driving force. Conflicting regional interests affect economic security and the environment. Protectionism grows, and trade is managed through bilateral agreements. Many developing countries are left behind.
The environment dominates the agenda. The global economic system is resilient, and developing countries are brought on board. Growth in the energy business is limited. An emphasis on clean fuels leads to a reconstruction of the industry.
Success comes to those who harness the latest innovations in technology to take advantage of quick-moving opportunities in a world of hypercompetition, customization, self-reliance, and informal networking.
(Chinese for "Big Me") Countries and companies discover that relationships of trust and the enabling role of government provide long-term strategic advantage. This favors Asia, because its people and businesses view individual and societal welfare as inextricably linked.
A globally interconnected elite and the only remaining superpower lead the world toward greater economic integration and prosperity. Cities and other power centers diminish the influence of national governments and unleash a "new medievalism."
The persistent power of culture and history shape a "new regionalism," putting the monochromatic world of global integration in question.
Governments play a strong role, helping to develop more-compact cities and to transform the global transportation network. New policies unlock plentiful natural gas and accelerate carbon capture and storage technology, resulting in a moderation of greenhouse gas emissions.
Strong economic growth accelerates energy demand. Power is more widely distributed, and governments are slower to agree on major decisions. Market forces rather than policies shape the energy system: Oil and coal remain part of the mix, and greenhouse gas emissions bring dramatic climate change.
The practice is also enjoying a renaissance outside Shell, with growing evidence of its effectiveness. A recent survey of 77 large companies by René Rohrbeck, of Aarhus University, and Jan Oliver Schwarz, of Germany's EBS Business School, found that formal "strategic foresight" efforts add value through (1) an enhanced capacity to perceive change, (2) an enhanced capacity to interpret and respond to change, (3) influence on other actors, and (4) an enhanced capacity for organizational learning. Two Bain researchers reported in 2007 that the firm's regular survey of management tools showed "an abrupt and sustained surge" in the use of scenario planning after 9/11 ( "A Growing Focus on Preparedness," HBR July–August 2007), and although there have been ups and downs since, Bain's most recent survey showed that 65% of companies expected to use scenario planning in 2011.
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are used for both bug reports and feature development, and may be created by anyone with a WordPress.org account.
Trac tickets are organized into components (see "Component Maintainers" above), and use keywords to identify further details of the ticket. If your ticket is ever labeled with a keyword you're unfamiliar with, reference the complete list of Trac Workflow Keywords .
To make it easier for new contributors, some tickets have been marked as Good First Bugs , using the "good-first-bug" keyword. These tickets are not always the easiest to work on, but are self-contained and have support from the core team. Usually, the ticket has been investigated and a path forward has been decided. All that's left is creating the final patch to commit. Tickets like these help get new contributors (like you!) comfortable with the process of contributing and working in both Trac and development environments.
Everyone is encouraged to submit bug reports and feature requests directly to trac, but certain tickets are better than others. Here's some advice on ensuring your ticket is well-formed:
WordPress developers do their best to prevent security issues, but from time-to-time they appear and need to be reported.
It is standard practice to responsibly and privately disclose security issues to the vendor – in this case, the WordPress core development team. WordPress contributors practice responsible disclosure when reporting issues to other vendors as well. Reporting issues responsibly, prior to publishing, gives the vendor time to fix a security vulnerability and minimize damage to users.
In short, be courteous and aware before you file a ticket that might include a security vulnerability. Refer to the Reporting Security Vulnerabilities page of this handbook for instructions on how to responsibly report issues to the WordPress Security Team.
Once you've made changes to your WordPress development environment and are happy with those changes, you'll want to create a patch that can be attached to your trac ticket. There are many ways to do this.
From command line in the SVN root directory (located in the wordpress-develop folder of your VVV instance) you can run this command to generate a patch: svn diff > 00000.patch
There are other, UI-based ways to create patches as well.
is an excellent alternative to using the command line. Josh Pollack has
TROUSERS Shorts Hotel Particulier X99Rp5Bsl5
on how to create a patch using this method.
WordPress development happens through our official SVN and GIT repositories. As a result, we do not monitor or accept pull requests (PRs) from GitHub. However, you can still create a patch from your git repository and attach the patch to your ticket. To do so:
Alert: We need to add information on creating a Git patch here.
Sometimes you may find yourself in a ticket that has been open for many years. More often than not these tickets have patches that need a refresh. It's important to know why code has changed and how the refresh needs to be handled. If you browse trunk you will see that you can view the code of each file that makes up WordPress.
Use this option to override the number of step signals required to move between next/prev menu items.
Test your encoder's behavior first with both of the following options disabled.
This option reverses the encoder direction everywhere. Set if CLOCKWISE causes values to DECREASE.
This option reverses the encoder direction for navigating LCD menus. If CLOCKWISE normally moves DOWN this makes it go UP. If CLOCKWISE normally moves UP this makes it go DOWN.
Add individual axis homing items (Home X, Home Y, and Home Z) to the LCD menu.
By default Marlin assumes you have a buzzer with a fixed frequency. If you have a speaker that can produce tones, enable it here.
The duration and frequency for the UI feedback sound. Set these to 0 to disable audio feedback in the LCD menus. Test audio output with the G-code
M300 S<frequency Hz> P<duration ms>
Marlin includes support for several controllers. The two most popular controllers supported by Marlin are:
Most other LCD controllers are variants of these. Enable just one of the following options for your specific controller:
These controllers all require the LiquidCrystal_I2C library .
Increase the FAN PWM frequency. Removes the PWM noise but increases heating in the FET/Arduino.
Use software PWM to drive the fan, as with the heaters. This uses a very low frequency which is not as annoying as with the hardware PWM. On the other hand, if this frequency is too low, you should also increment
Incrementing this by 1 will double the software PWM frequency, affecting heaters (and the fan if
is enabled). However, control resolution will be halved for each increment; at zero value, there are 128 effective control positions.
is set to a value higher than 0, dithering can be used to mitigate the associated resolution loss. If enabled, some of the PWM cycles are stretched so on average the desired duty cycle is attained.
Temperature status LEDs that display the hotend and bed temperature. If all hotend and bed temperature setpoint are < 54C then the BLUE led is on. Otherwise the RED led is on. There is 1C hysteresis.
triggers a camera by emulating a Canon RC-1 Remote Data as described on
this site
Files sliced with SkeinForge contain the wrong arc GCodes when using "Arc Point" as fillet procedure. This option works around that bug, but otherwise should be left off.
Marlin includes support for the
Baricuda Extruder for 3D Printing Sugar and Chocolate
hosted on GitHub
. The feature adds the codes
, and
for controlling the pump and valve of the Baricuda.
Well-Trained Press is a proud supporter of
© 2016 Well-Trained Mind Press, Inc.
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text:
PGA Tour part of new tour in China
The PGA Tour will be partners in a new tour in China that starts next year with 12 tournaments.
The China Tour-PGA Tour China Series will begin in March with 12 events that have purses of about $200,000. Still to be determined is qualifying procedures, and how many of the top finishers will have access to the Web.com Tour in the United States.
"We know from looking at the history of golf that the growth of the game is driven first and foremost by the development of elite players," PGA Tour Commissioner Tim Finchem said Sunday. "Having the opportunity to grow the elite players . . . will also translate into the acceleration of the growth of the game in China, which is in all of our interests."
It's a similar model to what the PGA Tour has done in Canada and Latin America. The tour owns those two circuits. The China Tour-PGA Tour China Series is a partnership with the China Golf Association and the China Olympic Sports Industry.
The CGA is the key to every golf deal in China, so it was important for the PGA Tour to have a partnership. The European Tour with its global schedule was the first to bring its players to the Far East in 1992, and it now has three tournaments in China — the Volvo China Open, the BMW Masters and a Challenge Tour event. The HSBC Champions began in the fall of 2005 as a European Tour event and now is a World Golf Championship.
While it was once thought the PGA Tour would try to get a piece of the action in China, instead it is a partner in a tour that gives Chinese players a circuit of their own.
Zhang Xiaoning, the executive vice president of the CGA, said the partnership will develop the sport and golfers in China, "particularly to provide an opportunity for China golfers to stay in their home to compete in much higher level tournaments."
Zhang saw the new tour has a starting point for Chinese golfers.
The future of golf in China was helped by the sport being added to the Olympic program in 2016 — a return to the Olympics for the first time in more than a century — and Zhang said golf would continue to grow even if the sport does not stay in the Olympics after 2020.
"The partnership will still be established because the mission is trying to bring not only China golfers into the Olympics, but also to be able to bring China golfers into the world-class level to showcase the development and the skill set of China golfers," he said.


text:
It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life
What Lance Armstrong Teaches Us
About Real Heroes
As a Cancer Survivor and U.S. Marine, I Once Looked Up to Him
By: Jay Platt
About Real Heroes
As a Cancer Survivor and U.S. Marine, I Once Looked Up to Him
By: Jay Platt
What is a hero? Webster's dictionary defines a hero as someone who's admired for his achievements and noble qualities, and one who shows great courage. Fortunately, today we have many examples of real heroes. Look no further than the U.S. military, police and firefighters -- men and women who put their lives at risk for others.
A real hero also is the person who is fighting cancer or some other chronic illness, and does so with great dignity and grace. Though they may be in pain or discomfort, they somehow make those around them feel better, do better, and be better.
Which brings me to Lance Armstrong.
I was a supporter of his since his first Tour de France win. Coming back from cancer the way he did, and racing the way he did drug-free (supposedly), inspired me to no end. When others questioned how he was able to do the things he did without any help from performance-enhancing drugs, I defended him as if he were a personal friend.
As a cancer survivor myself, and someone who continues to battle the disease daily, he inspired me. He gave me strength when I felt like I had none. He even motivated me to challenge myself by attempting demanding physical feats, like hiking the 2,100-mile Appalachian Trail beginning to end. When I got tired and wanted to quit, I'd think to myself, "If Lance can do the things he does, I can do this, too."
So, his recent revelations to Oprah Winfrey hit me like a 50-pound sledgehammer to the chest. When he admitted to lying about taking performance enhancing drugs, I felt like he had personally lied to me. And that's when I knew that he is nothing more than a fake hero.
Fake heroes have none of the qualities of a real hero. Rather, they lie, cheat, steal, and do whatever it takes to make themselves look good and heroic. Winning, to them, is the most important thing, and who they hurt in the process really doesn't matter. All of which, sadly, describes Lance Armstrong.
I know he still will have his defenders. I've already heard from people who have basically said, "Well, what about all the good he's done for cancer research?" While that is true, and I certainly hope that Livestrong is not negatively affected by Armstrong's admission, the fact is that the whole organization was started based on a lie.
He never would have had the millions of dollars, the fame, and the incredible story if it had not been for the lie that he told for so long. And, although it is uncomfortable to say so, how do we know that he did not get cancer because of his taking performance enhancing drugs? Would that have changed his story? I'm sure, for many, it would have.
And what of his admission now? Surely, that took courage? It was heroic, right? Hardly! First of all, look at to whom he chose to tell all of the details. Oprah Winfrey. I have no doubt that was a well-thought-out strategy on his part. He, undoubtedly, was advised to go where he would most likely garner sympathy and do it before an audience that probably knows little about cycling, and that is most likely to give him a pass on his transgressions.
Even with all that though, he still could have done the heroic thing. But he did not. He could have looked into the camera and said in the sincerest way he could muster that steroids are not the way. That he, in all likelihood, gave himself cancer in his quest for fame. Think of the kids who could have benefited from hearing such a thing. Instead, however, he defiantly said that since everyone else was supposedly doing it, he felt justified in doing it, too. Very hero like, huh?
About Jay Platt: Jay Platt was medically retired from the Marine Corps in 1998 after suffering complications from the cancer von Hippel Lindau (VHL), a genetic disease that resulted in brain and spinal tumors, kidney cancer, and the loss of his left eye. Told his future would be considerably dimmer than his past, Platt set out to rebuild himself physically, mentally and spiritually, and to challenge himself by setting demanding physical goals. He is one of fewer than 300 people to have hiked the 2,100-mile southbound Appalachian Trail; one of three to swim from Alcatraz Island to San Francisco with hands and feet tied; and the only person to swim across the Mississippi while blindfolded, handcuffed and shackled. Proceeds from his adventures and sales of his documentary benefit non-profits, including the VHL Family Alliance. For more information, visit: www.livingunstoppable.com.


text:
Federal Regulations
- The Common Rule (45 CRF 46)
- FDA IRB Regulations 21 CFR 56.111
- The Belmont Report
- Nuremberg Code
- Declaration of Helsinki
- NIH Guidelines for Human Subjects
- Regulations for Requesting or Disclosing Health Information (HIPAA Privacy Rule)
Resources For Students
Proposal Forms
IRB forms are downloaded as Word files or PDF; type in your responses, add your project description, consent forms, and debrief forms, and then save either as a Word document or pdf and send to email@example.com Proposals are processed M-F 8 am-4 pm during the academic year. Over breaks and holidays, proposals may be processed on a non daily basis. Full board reviews take approximately 10 workdays to complete initial reviews.
- Proposal Form for Research with Human Participants (login required) Attention! The IRB is using a new proposal form starting May, 2013 in order to improve documentation for meeting federal regulations. Any questions, please email IRB. (Please do not submit the form until ethics training is completed. Completion of ethics training is mandatory. You note the completion of training in Section III of the proposal form.)
- Protocol Modification Form for Research with Human Participants (If the modification involves new research team members, you must document that they have completed ethics training.)
- IRB Continuation Proposal Form Use a Continuation form when approved projects are continuing beyond their approved duration. Because researchers may not continue a project beyond their approved time without receiving IRB approval for the continuation, it is best to submit a continuation form at least 10 days prior to the project's expiration date.
If you would like to view sample consent and debrief forms, the IRB provides some models that you could follow:
Model IRB Consent Forms (login required)
Online Ethics Training
These sites provide free online ethics training. The first site, "Ethics Training Module," must be completed before initiating any human research at Grinnell College. The other two sites are highly recommended as they provide additional training and cover a broader range of ethical topics.
- Ethics Training Module – REQUIRED TO ENGAGE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS RESEARCH. Just click the link above and you will be taken to the CITI training site. The Grinnell College IRB requires that researchers complete training in the responsible and ethical conduct of research before initiating any human research at Grinnell College. Though the IRB will accept such training from a variety of sources (e.g., National Science Foundation), the College has a subscription to provide this training through the Collaborative Institutional Training Initiative (CITI).Instructions for registering with CITI are located here for Faculty/Staff and students. (login required)
- Human Participant Protections Education – National Cancer Institute (2 hours)
Research Aids
- Informed Consent Checklist – Stanford University
- Guidelines for Writing Informed Consent Documents – NIH
- Human Subjects Regulations Decision Charts – OHRP
Additional Ethics Links
- American Psychological Association (APA) Ethics Website
- American Educational Research Association (AERA) Research Ethics Page
- American Anthropological Association (AAA) Ethics
- American Sociological Association (ASA) Code of Ethics
- Ethical Standards for Research with Children – SRCD
- Guide for Psychological Research
- Ethics of Research on Vulnerable Populations – Case Western Reserve University
Resources for Faculty/Staff
- Faculty Handbook Appendix IX Concerning Research Oversight
- Online Addendum to Faculty Handbook Appendix IX Concerning the IRB
- Annotated References for Class Discussion
Online Additional Ethics Training
These sites provide links to advanced ethics training courses requiring a fee to complete.
Institutional Review Board Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
These FAQ pages were modified with permission of Claremont Graduate University, 2011.
What is research?
A key question to ask in beginning the IRB process is whether the project is considered research. In general, research is defined by the Department of Health and Human Services as a "systematic investigation, including research development, testing and evaluation, designed to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge" (45 CFR, Part 46).
A good rule of thumb for determining whether or not a particular project qualifies as research is to consider whether the results will be published or presented in some form or forum outside of the institution; if yes, then it is research. However publication is not the critical determinant. If the activity is one in which you conduct because of your professional position, then it may be research. If you intend to share the information with others beyond the purpose of the activity, then it may be research. In-house evaluations and assessment are not considered research that requires IRB review.
Data used for institutional purposes would not normally be considered research in this context.
What about research projects that are part of Grinnell coursework?
Current interpretation of guidelines suggest that research is held to a higher standard than instructional activities and requires research to be objectively reviewed whereas instructional activities of similar nature need not undergo review by the IRB. Because classroom-based projects will not usually be published nor contribute to the generalized knowledge, they need not go through the IRB process. Nonetheless, professors who use research projects or exercises as part of their teaching methods or those who teach research methods courses are expected to cover research ethics and to teach ethical research procedures before their students undertake such activities. Professors are also responsible for the ethical research behavior of the students in their courses even when students fulfill class projects off campus. In this context, students and faculty members are responsible for adhering to the IRB principles in their course projects. Feel free to contact the IRB for any questions that you may have.
The interpretation of the Code of Federal Regulations is that if a class project is designed with the potential to contribute to generalized knowledge, whether intended for publication or not, then the researcher should seek IRB approval prior to conducting the research. When a teacher elects not to have their class projects receive IRB review, the IRB recommends that the teacher act as an IRB Chair and require their students to submit materials for the teacher's review, that the teacher store and document the projects, so that should a participant find that the course activity harmed them in some way, the teacher has the necessary documentation of the student researchers' activity and materials.
Do studies that focus on quality improvement and quality assurance activities require IRB approval?
Quality Improvement and Quality Assurance activities conducted solely for the intent of maintaining or improving quality of services provided by an institution are not considered research activities. However, if the data collected are generalizable and are to be shared outside of the institution through discussion, presentation, or publication, the activity qualifies as research. In instances such as this, the research use of the data collected must be reviewed. Nevertheless, in all activities the principles of ethical practices should be observed.
Do evaluation projects require IRB approval?
Evaluations are systematic studies of programs (or of products or personnel) to determine impact and/or for improvement purposes. If the information generated from the evaluation is being used only for program administrators or staff, and is not intended for dissemination or publication, there is no need for IRB review. If there is a possibility that a publication or presentation may emerge from an evaluation study, IRB review is necessary. Please be aware that the agency for which the evaluation is being done, may require IRB approval.
May a researcher who is teaching a course conduct research on students enrolled in his or her class(es)?
If an instructor wishes to recruit and involve students in his or her own classes in a research activity which will directly benefit the instructor (a dissertation research project, for example), the instructor should consider the following guidelines and premises that will govern IRB review of the research activity.
Instructors are in a position of authority over students in their classes, especially the power to determine a course grade. This compromises the absolute requirement that participation in research be voluntary, laying a veil of potential coercion over any in-class recruitment, regardless of how benign the instructors' intentions might be. It is therefore always preferable for an instructor to recruit student subjects from the general student population if possible (e.g., advertise in student-oriented media, post on campus bulletin boards, list-serves, or websites, broadcast to email addresses, etc.) or from classes or courses with which the instructor is not involved in determining grades.
If circumstances dictate that there is no good alternative to recruitment of one's own students (and "it is so much easier to use my own classroom" does not equate to "there is no good alternative"), the major protection against the appearance and potential of coercion is maintaining the strict anonymity of participation—that is, the instructor must be insulated from knowing the identity of students who engage in the research versus those who do not. If this is not possible, then recruitment of one's own students for one's own research—or any research in which the instructor stands to gain a personal benefit--is simply not permissible.
Provision of incentives to students for participating in research activities, such as extra credit or bonus points toward a classroom grade, must be carefully considered in light of the requirement for anonymity. The Board recognizes the practice of incentivizing participation with a modest level of academic credit as a reasonable means of encouraging student participation in research. However, alternative opportunities to achieve the same extra credit based on a comparable commitment of effort to that required for the proposed research activity must be offered to any student who prefers not to participate in the research.
Extra credit may be offered only if it can be arranged such that the instructor/researcher is blinded to the identify of research participants versus nonparticipants who seek the credit through an alternative activity. This may be arranged by interposing a neutral third party or technological buffer in the credit confirmation process.
What does the IRB consider when reviewing research?
Issues considered in the analysis include:
- Which level of review should the proposal receive;
- Whether risks to participants are minimized;
- How participants are approached so that they can readily refuse;
- How privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent will be handled;
- What physical and psycho-social risks, stresses, and discomforts participants will be asked to endure;
- Whether vulnerable populations (e.g. prisoners, children) are to be included;
- Whether additional safeguards have been included in the study to protect the rights and welfare of any participants likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence such as prisoners or children;
- How sensitive the information is;
- Whether risks to participants are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to participants, and the importance of the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result;
- Whether diverse populations are included so that all benefit or all take the risks;
- How data will be handled after the completion of the study.
- Have all members of the research team completed ethics training and stated their qualifications to conduct the project.
The scientific merit of the activity is considered only if it has an impact on the risk-benefit analysis. For example, will the number of participants proposed allow the results obtained to be statically significant? Is there a less risky way to achieve the same results?
The IRB also evaluates advertisements, approach letters, consent/assent forms or information statements, telephone scripts, and debriefing statements to determine if they are accurate, explanatory, and written in simple, lay language appropriate for the intended participants.
Does my research require review?
If you are a faculty member, staff member, or student at Grinnell College and your research involves the use of human participants (either directly or through records), your research requires Grinnell IRB review. Please consult the information under the tab "Categories of Research" which presents exempt, expedited, and full board reviews. If you remain unsure whether your project requires IRB, please ask the IRB. If your project does require IRB review, all researchers involved with the project need to complete ethics training.
The web page of the Office of Human Participants provides a decision tree to help investigators determine if their project is research that requires IRB review.
What levels of risk are employed for research with greater or lesser degrees of risk?
Research applications are reviewed at one of three levels, depending on the level of risk to the human participants and on the federal regulations that define the categories of review, which are exempt, expedited, and full board review. The determination of what level of review is required is determined by the IRB staff, NOT the researcher. Whatever the level of review, the ethical treatment of human participants is always a requirement.
Research activities that fall into this category fit one of six categories as designated by federal regulations.
- Research conducted in established or commonly accepted educational settings, involving normal educational practices, such as:
- Research on regular or special educational instructional strategies, or
- Research on the effectiveness of or the comparison among instructional techniques, curricula, or classroom management methods.
- Research involving the use of educational tests (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures or observation of public behavior, unless:
- Information is recorded in such a manner that participants can be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the participants;
- Any disclosure of the human participants' responses outside the research could reasonably place the participant at risk of criminal or civil liability or be damaging to the participant's financial standing, employability or reputation.
- The human participants are elected or appointed public officials or candidates for public office; or
- Federal statute(s) require(s) without exception that the confidentiality of personally identifiable information will be maintained throughout the research and thereafter.
- Research involving the use of educational tests, (cognitive, diagnostic, aptitude, achievement), survey procedures, interview procedures or observation of public behavior the is not exempt under bullet two of this section, if:
- Public benefit or service programs;
- Procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs;
- Possible changes in or alternatives to those programs or procedures; or
- Possible changes in methods or levels of payment for benefits or services under those programs.
- If wholesome foods without additives are consumed or
- If a food is consumed that contains a food ingredient at or below the level and for a use found to be safe, or agricultural; chemical or environmental contaminant at or below the level found to be safe, by the Food and Drug Administration or approved by the Environmental Protection Agency or the Food Safety and Inspection Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
- Research involving the collection or study of existing data, documents, records, pathological specimens, if these sources are publicly available or if the information is recorded by the investigator in such a manner that participants cannot be identified, directly or through identifiers linked to the participants.
- Research and demonstration projects which are conducted by or subject to the approval of federal government department or agency heads, and which are designed to study, evaluation or otherwise examine:
- Taste and food quality evaluation and consumer acceptance studies,
It is important to remember that a research activity qualifies as exempt if it is limited to the kind of activities listed above and only after review of the proposal. If the project includes such activities but also involves other activities that are more intrusive, more personal, or more risky than the above, it most likely will not qualify as exempt.
Research activities that fall into this category present no more than minimal risk to human participants, and involve only procedures listed in one or more categories approved through federal regulations.
- Recording of data from participants 18 years or older using noninvasive procedures;
- Video/Audio recording;
- Study of existing data;
- *Research on an individual or group behavior that involves no manipulation of the participants and is not stressful.
Full Board Review:
Research that involves greater than minimal risk is reviewed by the IRB board. Research that requires full board review includes but is not limited to:
- Certain types of research involving children, pregnant women, fetuses, and other vulnerable populations;
- Research involving prisoners;
- Research that involves deception;
- Survey research that involves sensitive questions or is likely to be stressful for the participants; or
- Collection of blood samples in minimal amounts.
How do I start the review process?
Once you have decided to use human participants in your research:
- Complete ethics training.
- Complete an IRB protocol application and submit it to the IRB;
- Include all relevant information (IRB protocol application, consent forms, surveys, questionnaires, test instruments, advertisements, debriefing statements, contact letters, interview
What will happen to my application?
Mail sent to IRB is processed initially by support staff who indexes the proposals and save documents to our IRB storage server space. A member of the board is assigned to examine the proposal for appropriate level of review. If it requires full board review, it is sent to all board members. If not, then the assigned member will give it exempt or expedited review.
After your application is reviewed, you will either receive a letter stating approval or an email requesting additional information and a revision. Researchers should plan the initial review to take up to 10 days.
If a revision is requested, the researchers not only submit the revised proposal form and project description but also include a letter stating responses to the revisions requests. Similar to a letter to an editor an author will send when their manuscript is reviewed, it is helpful for the researcher(s) to respond specifically to the points made in the revision request, drawing attention to how the issues raised in the review were addressed.
Is approval ever denied?
The IRB may determine there is insufficient information to approve or disapprove an application. If this is the case, the IRB will ask the researcher to provide additional information. When the information is received by the IRB, the application is reconsidered.
The IRB may determine that the risks of the proposed activity outweigh the benefits and will withhold approval. The IRB will work with the researcher toward a compromise to reduce the risks and gain approval to carry out the research.
Does all research go through the same review process?
No. Whenever an application is received, it is evaluated by a board member to determine which level of review is appropriate. Many research proposals will be exempt from complete review. In these cases, the board members checks that all information is properly documented for the records. Non-exempt research that is considered of minimal risk is expeditiously reviewed if no additional concerns apply, such as specially protected subject populations or above minimal risk. Expedited review involves evaluating the informed consent process, data storage, and study procedures. Non-approved expedited proposals and projects proposed to be of more than minimal risk is reviewed by the full board. Information can be found as to what level of review is likely to be required by consulting the IRB website's "Category of Research" or by contacting the IRB. Any proposal that is submitted whereby members of the research team have not completed ethics training will not pass review.
How long does the process take?
The usual turn around for an approved proposal that does not require full board review is within 10 days. The actual time varies depending upon the level of review and whether or not the proposal needs further clarification.
To be safe, researchers should submit the IRB application as early as possible in order for the review process not to interfere with the start date of the research.
How can I change my research after it has been approved?
You must notify the IRB if you wish to change any aspect of your research by submitting a modification proposal form that identifies the changes, along with an explanation of the changes made to your research.
Substantial changes in the focus, procedures, or participant population of the research may require submission of a new application.
How long is approval valid?
Approval is valid for the requested duration of the project listed by the researcher on the proposal form up until one year. For projects lasting more than 1 year, the researchers must submit a Continuing Review Form within a month prior to the expiration of the approved year. (See §46.103(b)(4) and §46.109(e) ). If the IRB questions the duration period, the researcher may be asked to revise the timeline. If the researcher finds that an extension of the approval period is needed, the researcher may submit a Continuing Review form requesting the extension along with an explanation for the need. Most extensions are granted; the concern of the IRB is that projects above minimal risk are justified to continue or that minimal risk studies are not wasting resources.
What are my responsibilities as the principal investigator?
The principal investigator (PI) is ultimately responsible for the conduct of research, including ensuring that an investigation is conducted according to the approved protocol and the applicable regulations. The PI is also responsible for the rights, safety, and welfare of the participants.
How do I obtain informed consent?
Because the central requirement for human participants research is that people participate voluntarily, the consent process is one of the more important parts of the research project. The process must assure that the potential participant understands the study and its risks and benefits and can certify his or her willingness to participate or decline to participate in the study. Under certain circumstance the IRB can waive or alter the informed consent process. Sample consent forms are available on the IRB website.
Information that must be provided to participants for informed consent can be found in federal regulations.
What about informed consent for anonymous surveys?
In some cases, a signed consent form is either inappropriate or unnecessary. According to Federal Regulations at 45 CFR Part 46.117c the IRB may waive this requirement if it determines either:
- There is a risk of breach of confidentiality and the only link between the participant and the research would be the consent document. In this case, the participant's wishes should be followed.
- The research presents no more than minimal risk of harm and involves no research that requires written consent outside the research context.
In general, on common survey research, where there is no more than minimal risk and anonymity is provided, a separate consent form is not needed. The survey itself can contain relevant information about the study. In this case, submitting the survey is an indication of consent. If the survey is being sent and returned through the Internet, participants should be alerted to how confidentiality is being protected. Researchers can block identifying information or arrange to have surveys returned by mail. If identification (through IP or email address) is possible, then steps taken to ensure confidentiality should be explained.


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HARRISON, NJ (Nov. 9, 2012) – The New York Red Bulls are delighted to announce the appointment of Andy Roxburgh as their new Sporting Director with immediate effect.
Roxburgh is the former national team manager of Scotland and technical director of UEFA (the European football confederation). He will be responsible for all soccer activities at the club.
Roxburgh commented, "I am excited and honored to be given the opportunity by Dietrich Mateschitz to contribute to the development of such an outstanding soccer organization, as the New York Red Bulls. I'm also delighted to be getting involved in Major League Soccer, which has an impressive reputation as a fast growing and highly competitive league."
Global Sporting Director of Red Bull Soccer, Gerard Houllier said, "I am thrilled to have Andy on board. To have someone of Andy's caliber and experience shows the strength of our commitment to make the New York Red Bulls one of the best franchises in U.S. Soccer."


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Unhappy Fujitsu staff vote for pre-Xmas strike
More walkouts planned in New Year, too
Fujitsu Services staff voted overwhelmingly in favour of strike action, with 1,500 UK workers set to down tools on Friday, 18 December.
Unite, Blighty's largest union, said that further action was planned for the New Year with two-day walkouts expected on 7-8 and 14-15 January. It added that there would also be a 24-hour strike on 11 January.
Workers at the IT company called on strike action after many complained about Fujitsu Service's decision to shutter contributions to its final salary pension scheme.
Many others have expressed disgust at Fujitsu's proposed pay freeze and plans to lay off 1,200 staff at the firm.
Unite said it would protest outside Fujitsu's Baker Street, London headquarters on Friday to mark the start of strike action by the company's disgruntled workers.
In November Fujitsu Services staff dropped their threat of a three-day strike after bosses agreed to extend talks on pension cuts and delay compulsory redundancies.
The accord meant no workers would be forced out of the firm until 31 January.
However, last Friday Unite confirmed that 83 per cent of Unite members at Fujitsu disagreed with the outcome of those talks.
Unite general secretary Derek Simpson claimed the strike would hit Fujitsu Services customers, such as the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
"Whilst we remain ready and willing to talk at any time, this further rejection of the company's position leaves no doubt - our members are saying enough is enough," said Simpson.
"We recognise the effect any industrial action will have on key private and public sector customers and clients of Fujitsu, but the responsibility for this rests squarely with the company for failing to address the issues."
Unite did not confirm how many of Fujitsu Services' 11,500 UK-based staff would take part in the action. The union has 1,632 members at the firm.
"Fujitsu is disappointed that the Unite trades [sic] union has decided to announce industrial action whilst consultation continues with the elected employee representatives on the proposed changes to the pension scheme," a Fujitsu Services spokesman said in a statement.
"If the industrial action goes ahead Fujitsu will take measures to ensure that service to its customers is maintained." ®


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Results 1 to 5 of 5
#1 Strong quake shakes Southern California07-29-2008, 04:59 PM
Strong quake shakes Southern California
Jul 29 03:26 PM US/Eastern
By ROBERT JABLON
Associated Press Writer
LOS ANGELES (AP) - A strong earthquake shook Southern California on Tuesday, causing buildings to sway and triggering some precautionary evacuations. No immediate damage was reported.
The jolt was felt from Los Angeles to San Diego, and slightly in Las Vegas.
Preliminary information from the U.S. Geological Survey estimated the quake at magnitude 5.8, centered 29 miles southeast of downtown Los Angeles near Chino Hills in San Bernardino County. Ten aftershocks occurred in the next dozen minutes, including three estimated at 3.8, and the U.S. Geological Survey estimated the quake was about 8 miles below the earth's surface.
Los Angeles Fire Department spokesman Brian Humphrey said there were no immediate reports of damage or injury in Los Angeles. San Bernardino County fire dispatch also had no immediate reports of damage.
The quake struck at 11:42 a.m. PDT. Buildings swayed in downtown Los Angeles for several seconds.
Workers quickly evacuated some office buildings.
"It was dramatic. The whole building moved and it lasted for a while," said Los Angeles County sheriff's spokesman Steve Whitmore, who was in the sheriff's suburban Monterey Park headquarters east of Los Angeles.
My boss asked me if I knew there was an eathquake in California when I got back from lunch. This is how the conversation went.....
"Did you know they had an eathquake in California?"
"No, did it fall off in the ocean?"
"Then it wasn't big enough."
I love me some me.:DI feel that once a black fella has referred to white foks as "honky paleface devil white-trash cracker redneck Caspers," he's abdicated the right to get upset about the "N" word. But that's just me. -- Jim Goad
- Join Date
- May 2008
- Posts
- 194
Commifornia is still attached thus my apathy continues.
- Join Date
- Jun 2008
- Posts
- 22,957
- Join Date
- May 2008
- Posts
- 1,985
Oh, sorry. That was just me and the wife spending some quality time together, if you know what I mean. She always says I make the earth move for her...Stinger:
"I was... ordered to drop my pants, bend over and spread my cheeks."
--RagingInMiami achieving the DUmp's highest level of nirvana
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Paul Feely's City Hall: Getting undeclared voters to polls is goal in mayor raceBy PAUL FEELY
September 23. 2017 8:49PM
ALMOST A WEEK after the city's municipal primary election, the numbers still don't make it any easier to predict who wins this November.
While Joyce Craig placed first with 5,812 votes, nearly one-third of her total tally - 1,890 votes - came from just two wards. Voters in those two areas of the city, Wards 1 and 2, have backed Democrats in recent years, so there's little surprise she got the nod there.
Mayor Ted Gatsas fared well in more blue-collar wards, and finished strong in Ward 8 with 712 votes - much higher than the 560 he received in 2015. Same story in Ward 12, where he won this year with 450 votes, compared to 379 in 2015.
Despite the nonpartisan nature of the election, the results show the divide that exists along party lines - and how important efforts to attract folks from the pool of 21,965 undeclared voters will be between now and Nov. 7 for both campaigns.
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Expect Superintendent of Schools Dr. Bolgen Vargas and other administrators to give details on a financial analysis for moving the district offices to Manchester High School West when the school board meets at City Hall Monday at 7 p.m.
According to documents provided to school board members, the cost to renovate West and move the offices there comes in at $1,338,000. The annual savings the district is projected to realize after such a move is completed is pegged at $100,514 in FY'19, and just under $100,000 the next four fiscal years.
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Karen Machado, principal at Manchester School of Technology, has been asked by officials at the U.S. State Department to host a visit from Brazilian dignitaries at the school on Oct. 5 from 9 a.m. to noon. The Brazilian officials will tour the school and observe classes.
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One of the big winners in Tuesday's primary was Will Stewart, candidate for alderman in Ward 2. With five candidates on the ballot Stewart - executive director of Stay Work Play New Hampshire - beat his closest competitor by a more than two-to-one margin, the largest such percentage win in any city race.
Stewart garnered 591 votes, with second place finisher Bob O'Sullivan receiving 248 votes.
"I am humbled and honored by our performance on Tuesday," Stewart said. "A sincere thank you to everyone whose vote we earned. I also want to thank everyone who put their name on the ballot this year.
"We enjoyed a very spirited primary campaign. I look forward to continuing to discuss the important issues facing Ward 2 and the city in the weeks ahead as we make our way to the general election in November."
- - - - -
Barbara Shaw and former city Fire Chief James Burkush, both candidates for alderman in Ward 9, have agreed informally to appear together for a question and answer session with residents. A specific date, time and location have yet to be worked out.
This after Burkush took to social media after winning the primary by 5 votes, 387 to 382, to dispel erroneous information posted about him on social media.
"I believe that many of the residents of Ward 9 have been misinformed regarding my stand on a few issues," writes Burkush. "First and foremost, as a retired Fire Chief of this great city I would never advocate the closing of any Fire station. Second. regarding the tax cap, I would only override to maintain the essential city services that we provide. Police, Fire, Public Works and Education. And finally, the scare tactics that are being circulated about me are so off base, I spent 39 years protecting the citizens of this city and would never put politics ahead of public safety! I would be glad to discuss these issues with any and all of you."
- - - - -
Aaron Triehy of Manchester, an Eagle Scout candidate from Troop 109 in Londonderry, has received school board approval to build an outdoor classroom for Green Acres Elementary School.
"It would be an open concept kind of structure, like a lean-to," Triehy told members of the school board's Building and Sites Committee. "If you have ever seen a carport with a slanted roof it is basically designed similar to one of those."
Triehy said he spent some time as a young student working on an outdoor classroom.
"The reasoning behind my project is when I was in fourth grade we worked with the SEA and we made an outdoor classroom with them, but it wasn't a really good outdoor classroom," said Triehy. "It was maybe eight slates for people to sit on and a board for the teacher to write at and we didn't use it that much because after a while it got buried under the ground because the plows went over it. I figured if we made a nicer one the teachers would be able to bring their students outside and they would be able to learn in an outdoor environment."
Triehy's plans call for a wooden structure with support beams for more strength to handle snow accumulation and wind. He said he has received a quote of $1,700 for his project, and is ready to start fundraising efforts.
"I just wanted to say thank you for taking this on," said school board member Leslie Want of Ward 4. "I think it is a great project and I'm fully in support of it. I think you are a great kid for thinking of your school and wanting to help out and make this nice space for students."
Rick Norton, principal of Green Acres School, said Aaron "is a former cricket himself," a nickname for students at the school.
"This is exactly the kind of thing that we want from our students, not just at Green Acres obviously but throughout the district, to grow up and come back and give back," said Norton.
"Aaron's project sends chills up my spine when I think about the amount of work that he has done to get ready," said Dennis O'Neil, Aaron's coach for the project and an assistant scoutmaster. "It is a great project. The Boy Scouts of America are 100 percent behind him in terms of what we can lend for support to him. We obviously want it to be his project. We are trying to stay in the background, but we will give him whatever support is necessary."
Paul Feely is the City Hall reporter for the Union Leader and Sunday News. He may be reached at email@example.com.
Culture Education Schools Human Interest NH People Politics Local Technology General News Manchester Local and County Government


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When Illinois State Senator Alice Palmer decided to retire in 1995, she hand-picked local left-winger Barack Obama as her successor. In order to introduce Obama to influential liberals in the district, she held a function at the home of Bill Ayers and Bernadine Dohrn. This was, really, the beginning of Obama's political career, and it linked him forever with Ayers and Dohrn, with whom, as his campaign has acknowledged, he continues to have a friendly relationship.
Ayers and Dohrn were famous radicals, and fugitives from the law, in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Dohrn, actually, was the more famous of the two; she was the head, as I recall, of Students for a Democratic Society or one of its factions. Dohrn was crazy. She is the only public figure, to my knowledge, to approve publicly and enthusiastically of the Charles Manson murders.
Ayers was a would-be murderer of soldiers and policemen, but he wasn't a very good terrorist. He had the ill fortune to be the subject of a profile in the New York Times on September 11, 2001, in which he said that he didn't regret his attempted murders and only wished that he had planted more bombs.
In last week's Pennsylvania debate, Barack Obama was finally asked about his friendship with, and the political support he has accepted from, Ayers and Dohrn. Obama replied that Ayers had done reprehensible things forty years ago, when Obama was eight years old, and scoffed at the idea that Ayers's ancient history could be relevant. That was disingenuous, of course, given Ayers's 2001 regrets.
It turns out that we don't have to go back as far as 2001 to find that Obama's friends are as unrepentant as ever. Just last year, Ayers and Dohrn attended a reunion–no kidding–of what must have been the tiny remnant of SDS members who still haven't figured out that they were wrong about everything. Listen to what Bill Ayers, who hosted Barack Obama's first fundraiser, has to say about the United States. Not when Obama was eight years old, but in 2007:
At the same event, Obama's friend and supporter Bernadine Dohrn described the United States as "the monster." Obama was 47 years old at the time:
Barack Obama has declined to repudiate or distance himself from his neighbors, supporters and friends, Bill Ayers and Bernadine Dohrn. There is a certain consistency of perspective among Obama's friends and mentors, which can be summed up in Jeremiah Wright's memorable phrase: "God damn America."
Much more to come, tomorrow.
PAUL adds: Michelle Obama also takes a fairly dim view of America. But with all those student loans to pay off, I guess it's understandable.
SCOTT adds: Hugh Hewitt notes:
Keep in mind a young radio producer –Guy Benson of WYLL's The Sandy Rios Show — found audio that no one else in all of the MSM found to launch this story.
Hugh asks: "What else will we be discovering about Barack Obama's friends, and about the candidate?"
UPDATE: More clips are posted, in downloadable form, in The Friends of Barack Obama, Part 2.


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Yolo CountyHome Sitemap Contact
Calendar of events at the Yolo County Library
Winters - Hora de Cuentos/Bilingual Storytime
- Date: 01/18/2018 6:30 PM - 7:30 PM
- Location: Winters Community Library
708 Railroad Avenue
Winters, California 95694
Return to full list >>
Come enjoy stories in English and Spanish! Children ages 0-5 and their parents are invited to join us for stories, songs, movement, rhymes, and fingerplays. Sponsored by Winters Friends of the Library.
No reservation is required and this event is free. The Winters Community Library is accessible for persons with disabilities. Program is sponsored by the Yolo County Library and the Winters Friends of the Library.
For more information, please call the Winters Community Library at: 530-795-4955, visit the Yolo County Library at www.yolocountylibrary.org or connect with us on Facebook at: www.facebook.com/yolocountylibrary.org.
We hope to see you there!


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DUBLIN, Ohio, USA, 27 June 2011—Jay Jordan will retire as President and CEO of OCLC Online Computer Library Center on June 30, 2012. The announcement was made today by OCLC Board Chair Larry Alford at the OCLC President's Luncheon during the Annual Conference of the American Library Association in New Orleans, Louisiana.
"Jay Jordan has informed the OCLC Board of Trustees of his desire to retire as President and CEO in June 2012," said Mr. Alford. "Jay wanted to give us sufficient advance notice to provide time for a thorough search and a smooth transition for his successor. The Board is forming a search committee and is preparing to launch an international search for the fifth President and CEO of OCLC."
"Jay Jordan has presided over a period of remarkable growth and innovation during his 13 years at OCLC," said Mr. Alford. "Under his transformative leadership, OCLC has moved in new and exciting directions to fulfill its public purpose of furthering access to the world's information and reducing the rate of rise of library costs."
"Today is not a farewell," said Mr. Alford. "We will recognize and celebrate Jay's contributions to the cooperative in the coming year. In the meantime, it will be business as usual, and with Jay Jordan, that means full speed ahead."
In his remarks at the OCLC President's Luncheon, Mr. Jordan stated: "It has been an honor to serve the OCLC cooperative. OCLC is an exceptional organization with an active and committed membership and a dedicated staff. OCLC's Founder Fred Kilgour was fond of saying that OCLC was like the first flight of the Wright Brothers—12 seconds off the ground. That was 40 years ago. Today, our new WMS services are just getting off the ground, and I look forward to handing off to my successor a strong organization with an exciting set of opportunities."
According to Mr. Alford, the composition of the Search Committee will be announced in the near future.
OCLC has had four presidents since its founding in 1967:
Frederick G. Kilgour (1967-1980)
Rowland C. W. Brown (1980-1989)
K. Wayne Smith (1989-1998)
Jay Jordan (1998-)
Mr. Jordan, 68, became OCLC's fourth President and CEO on May 8, 1998. Since then, the number of libraries participating in the OCLC cooperative has grown from 30,000 to more than 72,000. The number of participating institutions outside the U.S. has increased from 3,200 in 64 countries to 16,215 in 170 countries. At the same time, the OCLC cooperative has become global in its governance, with regional councils in the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa sending delegates to a new Global Council.
Since 1998, the WorldCat bibliographic database has grown from 38 million records to more than 240 million, and the number of location listings attached to those records has increased from 668 million to more than 1.7 billion. In 2006, WorldCat became available to people everywhere on the Internet.
Under Mr. Jordan's leadership, OCLC built a new technological platform, introduced new Web-scale services and created a library advocacy program. Here are highlights of OCLC's accomplishments since 1998:
- OCLC Connexion cataloging service launched on new technological platform (2002)
- QuestionPoint virtual reference service (created with Library of Congress) launched (2002)
- OCLC began distributing CONTENTdm digital collection management software (2002)
- WebJunction online community for public libraries launched Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (2003)
- OCLC launched advocacy program, published OCLC Environmental Scan: Pattern Recognition (2003)
- Bibliothèque nationale de France, Die Deutsche Bibliothek, Library of Congress and OCLC started development of Virtual International Authorities File that in 2011 will become an OCLC service (2003)
- OCLC Research made available at no charge an algorithm to convert bibliographic databases to the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model (2003)
- OCLC Online Service Center launched (2005)
- Worthington (Ohio) Libraries contributed 1 billionth holding to WorldCat (2005)
- WorldCat database becomes available to people everywhere on the Internet via WorldCat.org (2006)
- WorldCat Collection Analysis, Terminologies service, WorldCat Registry introduced (2006)
- WorldCat Local, which provides a single interface to a library's collection, is introduced (2008)
- OCLC Developer Network created (2008)
- WorldCat became available on mobile devices (2009)
- WorldCat Digital Collection Gateway launched (2009)
- OCLC Web-scale Management Services began operation (2010)
Since 1998, OCLC has expanded its offerings through mergers and acquisitions and focused operations through divestitures:
- WLN merged with OCLC; the WLN union catalog merged with WorldCat; about 550 libraries in the Pacific Northwest and Canada became OCLC members (1999)
- In 1999, OCLC acquired Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS) and divested it in 2004.
- RLG merged with OCLC; Research Library Partnership created (2006)
- OCLC acquired Openly Informatics (2006)
- OCLC Europe, the Middle East and Africa created through merger of PICA B.V. (The Netherlands) and the former OCLC office based in Birmingham, U.K. The new organization provides library management systems as well as OCLC services.(2002)
- OCLC acquired DiMeMa, Inc., developer of CONTENTdm digital collection management software (2006)
- OCLC acquired these library management systems: SISIS (2005); Fretwell-Downing Informatics (2005); Amlib (2008); BOND (2011)
- OCLC acquired EZproxy authentication and access software (2008)
- OCLC acquired NetLibrary e-book platform in 2002 and divested it in 2010
- In 2009, OCLC divested Preservation Service Center, which was acquired in 1990.
OCLC has also fostered strategic alliances with a number of organizations to make libraries and their collections more visible on the Internet, including HathiTrust, Google, Microsoft, OAIster and Yahoo!
About OCLC
Founded in 1967, OCLC is a nonprofit, membership, computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the world's information and reducing library costs. More than 72,000 libraries in 170 countries have used OCLC services to locate, acquire, catalog, lend, preserve and manage library materials. Researchers, students, faculty, scholars, professional librarians and other information seekers use OCLC services to obtain bibliographic, abstract and full-text information when and where they need it. OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the world's largest online database for discovery of library resources. Search WorldCat on the Web at www.worldcat.org. For more information, visit www.oclc.org.
OCLC, WorldCat and WorldCat.org are trademarks/service marks of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. Third-party product, service and business names are trademarks/service marks of their respective owners.
Bob Murphy
Manager, Media Relations