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"Barbara, it's me!" This famous slogan goes to show that Barbara, Paris is just like you. She isn't just a piece of lingerie, she is alive and happy. Barbara lingerie fashions are exquisite, comfortable and sexy just like you. Barbara bras are offered from an A to an F cup. Barbara, Paris stands on a pedestal with their fine quality French lingerie that combines beauty and gorgeous details, together with everyday function, support and comfort.
Barbara began in Paris, France in 1926 when Marcel Bena created a partnership and set up his own workshop producing knitted elastic tulle corsets. Fossez Charles teamed up with Bena using Bena's elastic tulle and his underwear designs. In 1939 they started using the name Barbara Lingerie. Where did the name come from? Barbara was simply the name of a good friend. Barbara becomes the first brand in 1981 to use elastic lace to manufacture corsets. This design was much more comfortable than what women were used to in their corsets. In 2005, Barbara was the first brand to use the new spacer material in seamless bras. This fabric is lightweight, 3D, breathable and wrinkle-free. These days, Barbara is a heavy hitter all over the globe.
"Barbara, it's me," is now recognized as being the advertisement behind lingerie that is smooth, natural and elegant. Barbara, Paris uses great fitting stretch French Calais and Leavers lace in many of their fashions. Barbara lingerie is offered in a few different collections. The Essentials fashions feature the best-selling fashions made by Barbara since the beginning. This is one of the first brands to dress women in pure elegance of lingerie so the essential are essentially going back to their roots of beauty. Seasonal fashions go by colors and feelings of the season. The Invisible fashions are for maximum discretion. The shapewear fashions are traditional and trendy with great smoothing capacity.
Barbara has been showcased in many magazines around the world, including Cosmopolitan and Marie Claire in France as well as Japanese magazine. Each Barbara lingerie style is produced in France. Each size is fitted in the workshop, wear-tested and retested until the fit is perfect. Barbara uses European materials like Calais lace, Swiss or Italian embroidery. Each fashion is still manufactured by hand like day one with great attention to detail and quality. Women love the look and feel of the exquisite lingerie. Once you buy a bra by Barbara, you will not to buy another one again. The comfort and beauty will quickly make you a follower of Barbara lingerie.
Barbara has always anticipated the changes in trends and kept up with the changing styles. This lingerie is widely known as a French designer of upscale lingerie that combines creativity with elegance, comfort and beauty even in the bigger sizes. Using lace, mesh, Leavers' lace and embroidery, Barbara lingerie clothes in high quality and high comfort. You can find many deep, bold colors in the luxurious fashions. Women of all types will love a Barbara fashion. Shop HerRoom for the latest styles from Barbara, Paris.


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Contact: Jim Leyton, 496-1000
Valley Democrats Endorse Grad
September 11, 2012
At an overflow meeting Monday night, the Valley Democrats unanimously endorsed Maxine Grad for the office of State Representative.
She is running for one of two seats representing the new legislative district known as Washington 7. The district was created as a result of redistricting based on the 2010 census. It consists of five towns: Duxbury, Fayston, Moretown, Waitsfield and Warren.
Maxine Grad is presently a State Representative who has twelve years of experience serving in the Legislature, including service as Vice-Chair of the House Judiciary Committee. Her campaign will stress her emphasis on health and safety issues, promotion of child and family welfare, and the sustainability of vitality of our community.
The Valley Democrats meet on the second and fourth Monday of the month at 5:15PM at the office of Eastern Systems.

subset: commoncrawl


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Star Wars: The Force Awakens: Snow & Desert Wave 5 Action Figures: Kylo Ren Unmasked
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Each 3 3/4-inch action figure includes a pair of accessories - or possibly even more - from a galaxy far, far away. Feel disturbances in the Force, and then shoot at them, with this exquisite collection of action figures. Most action figures feature 5 joints each.
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SAN ANDREAS - There may have been a dull gray overcast sky outside, but the sun was bright Monday inside the new $45 million Calaveras County Courthouse.
SAN ANDREAS - There may have been a dull gray overcast sky outside, but the sun was bright Monday inside the new $45 million Calaveras County Courthouse.
"This day was a long time coming," retired Calaveras Superior Court Presiding Judge Douglas V. Mewhinney said to a courtroom packed with dignitaries celebrating the opening of the courthouse.
Mewhinney had been advocating for decades to replace the old courthouse. He told those gathered of a time decades ago when he saw a mother with a small child, trying to fill out court forms on a counter just feet away from where jail inmates were being led in with leg irons.
For a few more days, court staff will continue to endure those cramped conditions. "Prisoners still literally come shoulder to shoulder with our court reporters," said Mewhinney, who still works for the court regularly while court managers wait for Gov. Jerry Brown to name his replacement.
Court staff will move into the new building the end of this week. On Monday judges will begin holding their proceedings in the building's four courtrooms.
But this week both court staff and county leaders are giddy about finally having modern technology such as full court video systems, and enough room to assemble juries, store documents, and allow attorneys places to speak privately with clients.
The building has multiple elevators, a wide staircase leading up to the courtrooms through an atrium filled with natural light, and electronic kiosks to help visitors navigate through the building.
Those features, some at the reception noted, make the building unlike anything else in Calaveras County.
Mimi Bell, director of Family Court Services, said she believes the spacious, pleasant surroundings will be a benefit to everyone who has to come to the building.
"It honors the whole principle of justice so we can be our best selves," Bell said.
The building is also a vast safety improvement, Mewhinney and others said. Jail inmates making court appearances will now have separate, secure hallways through which they will be transported.
A new $59 million Calaveras County Jail next door is due to be complete in January.
"That will reduce transport costs forever," Mewhinney said.
Associate Justice Harry Hull of the 3rd District Court of Appeal, speaking on behalf of the Judicial Council, said that Calaveras is fortunate to be one of 13 new courts completed since the 2002 Trial Court Facilities Act transferred responsibility for court buildings to the state government.
Although the courts fund new construction using fees and penalties, those funds have been raided in recent years due to the state government's financial woes. As a result, Hull said, a third of the remaining 32 court projects in the state have been delayed indefinitely.
San Joaquin County's new courthouse has been among those delayed, but construction is expected to start next year, and it is scheduled to open in 2016.
Contact reporter Dana M. Nichols at (209) 607-1361 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Visit his blog at recordnet.com/calaverasblog.


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Latest Features
AHL Playoff Game Night: 5-19-12 IceCaps at Admirals Game Two
Half way to the Calder Cup Finals.
Norfolk Leads the Series 2-0
Dustin Tokarski was cooler than the other side of the pillow with 30 saves on 31 shots. The numbers look great after two pretty good performances to start the Eastern Conference Finals: 6-2-0, 0 SO, 2.06 GAA, .924 save percentage. Nice.
First Period
NOR Panik, (3) (Oberg, Smith), 0:51
Second Period
STJ Albert, (3) (Postma, Murray), 1:51
NOR Picard, (7) (Kostka, Angelidis), 15:38
Third Period
NOR Picard, (8) (Cote), 19:07 (EN)
Alexandre Picard and Tokarski were the game's first and second stars. Picard moves out ahead in the race for playoff MVP, now sporting 8 goals and 14 points in 12 games.
Panik attack, y'all.
Trevor Smith has the quietest 12 points in 12 games I've ever seen.
After a sloppy defensive performance in Game Four of the Connecticut series, the Admirals have really put the forcefield up. They've allowed just 3 goals in the past 4 games, and with the offensive weapons they have, no team is beating them in a seven game series if they continue to play this well in their own end. Now it's getting really exciting.
Now Norfolk is playing with house money heading to St. John's for three games. All they have to do is win one of three up north to give themselves a great chance to take this series, and if they can manufacture a win in Game Three on Monday, they've got a chance to shorten this series and get themselves a big health and rest advantage on whoever is the Western Conference representative. Oklahoma City and Toronto split the first two games of their series, and could be in for a long struggle.
Box score from TheAHL.com.
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The level of emotional dependency on the Internet among Britain's youth has been revealed by the results of a new study conducted by research firm Intersperience.
The results show that those under 12 years of age have a strong emotional connection with the net, with half claiming they would be "sad" without web access, while teens scored even higher, with 60 percent saying they'd also feel "sad".
The Digital Futures project questioned 1,000 youngsters between 8 and 18 years of age in an attempt to better understand how online and digital technology affects their lives.
Forty-eight percent of teens said they'd feel "lonely" without the Internet, which was more than twice the number of under 12s, no doubt reflecting the popularity of social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter among the older members of the survey group. Indeed, more than 70 percent of teens questioned in the survey said they chat on Facebook. However, if anyone thought the UK was about to become a nation of hermits, stuck indoors 24/7 staring into their computer screens, the survey also showed that more than 50 percent of teens like to talk to friends face to face, compared to 35 percent who like to talk to friends online.
Commenting on the study's findings, Intersperience chief executive Paul Hudson said: "The fact that children have a strong emotional attachment to the Internet is often regarded as a negative thing but in fact it is perfectly natural for a generation whose social life is largely online." He added: "It's equivalent to taking a phone away from older people, they'd feel sad and lonely too."
The results showed that the younger generation are certainly confident users of the web, with 74 percent of under 12s going online to play games, and 65 percent using it to help with their homework.
Perhaps a reflection of the economically challenging times, more than 33 percent go online to look for things to buy and sell. Many young people also have a good understanding of online security, with a third refusing to give personal information to organizations online.
Even toddlers seem pretty savvy when it comes to Internet-enabled devices, with the results of the study revealing that in families it's the two-year-old who's most likely to be found playing about on the iPad, with many having little trouble finding the game or story app they're looking for.
"Our Digital Futures project is one of the most comprehensive studies undertaken in the UK on how children interact with the digital world," Hudson said. "It shows that even very young children are skilled multi-channel communicators who view the internet as an ever-present virtual playground. However they also have a surprisingly good grasp of complex issues like online security and e-commerce."
Hudson said the results showed that "8 to 11 years olds perform a wider daily range of tasks online than grown-ups."
Addressing fears among some that that youngsters may be too emotionally dependent on the Internet, Hudson said, "Our study shows that far from losing the art of conversation, children still prefer chatting to their friends in person."
[Image: Maresol / Shutterstock]
Editors' Recommendations
- 'Slender Man' review
- You won't feel like a tool hanging out in these over-the-top sheds
- Star Trek icon George Takei talks social media, diversity, and 'Discovery'
- Widespread internet access is causing mass sleep deprivation, study suggests
- Logitech's MX Vertical is an ergonomic mouse that looks as good as it feels


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Produce your proof if you are truthful (Q 2:111) The Qur'an in Christian Arabic texts (750-1258 C.E.)
Produce your proof if you are truthful (Q 2:111)The Qur'an in Christian Arabic texts (750-1258 C.E.)Clare Elena Wilde, Ph.D.Director: Sidney H. Griffith, Ph.D.Problem: Normative Islamic tradition has come to understand the Qur'an as the inimitable and uncreated word of God. And, unlike Moses' Tawrat or Jesus' Injil, which were corrupted by later generations of Jews and Christians, the message that Muhammad received is believed to have been preserved, in the form in which he received it, in the Uthmanic codex of the Arabic Qur'an (literally, `recitation'). This dissertation explores the various ways in which Arabophone Christians who came to live in Muslim-ruled territories employed the Qur'an in their apologetic agendas. Did the Qur'an shape Christian theology? And, might contemporary students of the Qur'an mine early Christian Arabic discussions thereof in order the better to understand the history of the reception, if not the transmission, of the Qur'an?Method: Three Christian Arabic texts that date to the Abbasid caliphate were examined for their use of qur'anic passages, which were divided into four categories and compared with Islamic exegetical tradition thereon: passages that Islamic tradition and the Christian authors understand as referencing Christians and/or Christianity; passages that the Christian authors, but not Islamic tradition, understand as containing Christian themes; passages that Islamic tradition and the Christian authors read as referencing Jews and/or Judaism; passages that neither the Christian authors nor Islamic tradition read as referencing Judeo-Christian themes. Results: Both because this investigation did not entail an exhaustive examination of the entire manuscript tradition of each of the texts (except for that of the unique manuscript, Sinai Ar. 434), and as the authors did not claim verbatim qur'anic quotation, this research sheds light more on the history of Christian-Muslim interactions and approaches to the Qur'an, rather than the qur'anic text. Christian preservation of qur'anic passages are, generally, not so much a reliable indicator of the contents of the Qur'an, as Christian theological (or socio-political) (re)readings thereof. Conclusion: Christian interpretation of passages from the first three categories are helpful in understanding trends within the Christian communities, including certain Muslim-Christian dynamics; Christian Arab usage and preservation of passages in the last category may have a place in historical and/or form criticism of the text of the Qur'an.
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Love movie and film posters? We do too! That's why we created a section dedicated to these visual works of art that create both tremendous initial engagement (See Indiana Jones, Star Wars, Deadpool, Batman v Superman) or a huge wave of polemic or discontentment (Fantastic Four, X-Men: The Last Stand).
Movie posters are a bit of a make or break type of platform. While some are extremely innovative others fail miserably due to lack of time, resources or simply monstrous photoshop. However, we don't discriminate, they all deserve a place in JoBlo's Movie Poster section.
Browse posters per year of release (backtrack up to 1980!), alphabetical order, per movie or simply keep up to date with the latest released category. All our posters are showcased in high resolution and link back to additional information relevant to the movie, ranging from cast and crew details, stills and behind the scenes, trailers and clips as well as original articles and various stories.
Want to buy a poster? Support JoBlo and purchase it through our website via Amazon to help us continue providing you with content you love and send our team to cover all movie related events such as TIFF, ComicCon, Sundance and the likes...


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Death of child distresses area residents
I photographed a peaceful Amish farm in southern Christian County, KY, last week (image below.) I'm really not sure what's growing in the little field behind the white fence. The large-leafed plants looked like tobacco to me. but the plants are much closer together in the rows than tobacco is usually planted around here.
Last week, a tragic event jarred the quiet Amish community that includes this farm. A three-year-old Amish child was killed when a tractor-trailer hit a buggy, south of Hopkinsville on Highway 41-A. Three other family members were life-flighted to Nashville, and are expected to survive. One of the horses pulling the buggy was killed. The accident took place at about 8:30 p.m. It is not fully dark at that time.
The truck driver who hit the buggy is suspected of being under the influence of some drug, according to the Kentucky New Era's report of the accident. He is being held in the Christian County jail while urine and blood tests are completed.* Charges against him currently include murder, criminal mischief, and assault.
This is not the first time that Amish buggies have been involved in accidents along Highway 41-A. It's a busy 4-lane highway, but the Amish venture onto it in horse-drawn vehicles, sometimes even after dark. Signs along the highway warn that buggies may be traveling the route, and the buggies nearly always have slow-moving-vehicle warning triangles, and many use battery-powered flashing lights after dark. Despite these precautions, accidents happen, and the accidents are always distressing to the community at large.
Not surprisingly, public sentiment is running high in the aftermath of this tragedy. The Kentucky New Era's report has 85 comments, ranging from sympathy for the Amish to intolerance and outright hatred of them. The accident is also being discussed on the Hoptown Hall (local internet forum).
Personally, I'm in the "everyone-needs-to-be-more-careful" camp. As one KNE commenter wrote, this accident happened to involve a buggy, but any slow-moving vehicle, on the road at that moment, was at risk of being rear-ended by this driver. It could just as easily have been a farmer on a tractor or someone on a bicycle.
*On August 27, 2011, the Kentucky New Era reported that the truck driver's blood and urine tests showed no evidence of drug or alcohol intoxication. The truck driver's attorney, Rick Boling, stated that he believes his client was involved in a simple automobile accident, not reckless driving or wanton endangerment or anything more serious.


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The theme today over at GeneaBloggers is Wedding Wednesday. Today's photo is partially identified and was taken by F. E. Koella Studios on Division Street in Toledo. I have no date; however, the photo does have a few clues. You can click the image below to get a large-sized, high-res copy to zoom in on the identification written on the photo.
There are three persons identified on the photo: Josephine Plenzler Przybylski (woman in the middle) and the bridge and groom are Margaret and Charles Mielcarek. I do not have the bride's maiden name. Also if you look closely at the groom and the first gentleman on the left, they seem to look quite alike–possibly they are brothers?
I have not yet identified a Josephine Plenzler–at least, not one from the families in Toledo. Was there a Josephine Plenzler who belonged to the branches who moved to Indiana or Minnesota?
If you have any information or can help identify any of the people in this photo, leave a comment here or drop me an email.


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SAN DIEGO (AP) — Spider-Man himself made an appearance at Comic-Con, scaling nearby hotels to swoop into a panel in the San Diego Convention Center's largest exhibition hall.
Andrew Garfield, who plays the web-slinging superhero in "The Amazing Spider-Man" and its forthcoming sequel, was nowhere in sight. The actor only joined the panel once Spidey left.
Garfield, along with Jamie Foxx, director Marc Webb and the film's producers, offered convention-goers the first look Friday at footage from "The Amazing Spider-Man 2," which is set for release next year.
But first, Spider-Man told the crowd of nearly 6,000 fans that he loves Comic-Con, saying, "It's the only place where I feel normal."
He complimented Foxx, who plays the villain Electro in the new film, saying he first noticed him opposite Al Pacino in "Any Given Sunday."
"I loved 'Django,'" Spidey said.
The superhero also confessed that he could really use a day off.
"It's nice to swing, it's nice to climb, but it all gets to be a little old hat," he said.
The footage introduced fans to Foxx's villain, a man who starts out admiring Spider-Man, but eventually seeks to destroy him. Spider-Man befriends the quiet man before an accident transforms him into Electro.
"I wanted Electro to be a serious individual who wants to burn the city down," Foxx said, "and burn Spider-Man along with it."
Follow AP Entertainment Writer Sandy Cohen at www.twitter.com/APSandy .


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View All Calendars is the default. Choose Select a Calendar to view a specific calendar. Subscribe to calendar notifications by clicking on the Notify Me® button, and you will automatically be alerted about the latest events in our community.
October 5, 2017, 9:00 AM - December 31, 2017 @ Inglewood Public Library and the Crenshaw-Imperial Library
Parents join our 1000 Books Before Kindergarten Program! Read a book to your newborn, infant and/or toddler or attend a storytime at the library. The goal is to have read 1000 to your child before your child starts Kindergarten. Keep a reading log of the books and every 100 books your child will receive a small reward. We will have a celebration once a year for children who have reached a 1000 books. Sign up today at the children's desk to
received your reading logs and start reading!
November 10, 2017, 11:00 AM - 8:00 PM @ Inglewood Public Library
Youth ages 4 to 12 who register for the In 'N out "Cover to Cover" reading program check out five books and will earn In'N Out hamburger/cheeseburger certificate*. Register at the children's Desk. *While Supplies last . Any questions please call
310 412-5645. Thank you


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Re: Is mahayana Buddism?
Posted: Thu Aug 16, 2012 10:01 pm
You cannot explain Guru Yoga without recourse to pantheism. As you mentioned, Vajrayana is part of Mahayana. Mahayana is speaking with a forked tongue.Ñāṇa wrote:Monism, pantheism, Vedānta, Mimāṃsā, etc., are all quite incompatible with right view. And without right view there can be no path to bodhi. Again, this has been explained at length by numerous Mahāyāna commentators. Your idiosyncratic opinions are not representative of the Mahāyāna teachings, period.


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* (out of four)
A big star in Mexico, "Instructions Not Included" star/director/co-writer Eugenio Derbez may best be known by American audiences as Felipe/Felipe's grandma in Adam Sandler's horrible comedy "Jack and Jill." Quite the reference point.
For his directorial debut, Derbez takes a page from Sandler, playing a much-younger ladies' man despite any obvious explanation of his appeal. He also pretends to tell a story about family when really the whole movie is about him. The 50-year-old actor plays Valentin, a stud in his mid-30s who discovers that one of his many flings has yielded a child. About five minutes later, the mother (Jessica Lindsey of "Now You See Me") takes off. After lamenting cheap condoms and shouting, "I want an abortion!" Valentin sneaks baby Maggie (later played as a 7-year-old by Loreto Peralta) into America, believing it will allow her to avoid the disadvantages of her native Acapulco and, most importantly, grow up tall and blonde in L.A. Great priorities, dad.
"Instructions Not Included" sounds like a film about a man learning the challenges of child rearing, but this slapstick-favoring comedy joins a long list of movies about little kids (including the recent "Despicable Me 2") that depict young children as perky and easy. (The film's Spanish-language title, "Hombre de Piedra" or "Man of Stone," a reference to Valentine's determination and work as a stuntman, fits better.) This is a story about Valentin's goofy shenanigans, from numerous jokes about his landlord forgetting that Valentin already paid the elevator maintenance fee to a neighbor who rambles about how good Valentin is at, you know, plumbing. Wink wink. It allows Derbez to deliver a comedy that alternately (and creepily) plays toward young children and horny adults.
Derbez clearly wants to craft a heartwarming saga of adults sacrificing for the interests of children—a judge orders Valentin to learn English, which I didn't know was legal. But he also cheaply incorporates addiction, sexual identity and terminal illness without appropriately acknowledging any of them. I guess that would distract from the hilarious gags about Quidditch and head injuries.
Watch Matt on "You & Me This Morning," Friday at 6:55 a.m. on WCIU, the U
Want more? Discuss this article and others on RedEye's Facebook page.


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I think that that is going to be my next macro lens, after a wide angle.
Personally, I would still consider the TAMRON SP AF 60mm f/2 Di-II LD 1:1 MACRO (IF). It will deliver a superior MACRO shot, it is small, and internally focuses, so their is no filter movement or extension of the lens toward your subject.
It is designed to work on the APS-C sensor and provides you with, effectively, the standard 90mm shot. The 105mm, on the APS-C sensor is, effectively, 157mm and that is a little long. You have to back up a good foot from your subject to get a good focus.
Whatever you do, try them both out and see what works before you plunk down the cash.
Don Schap - BFA, Digital Photography
A Photographer Is Forever
Look, I did not create the optical laws of the Universe ... I simply learned to deal with them.
Remember: It is usually the GLASS, not the camera (except for moving to Full Frame), that gives you the most improvement in your photography.
flickr® & Sdi
How do i try them out? Wolf/Ritz camera that is around me doesnt carry almost any sony mount lens's, they are special order only. So that really only leaves B & H
I recommend buying BOTH, do the side-by-sides, and return the one that does not cut the mustard. It is fair and they make the sale, seeings that they are not going to fly you to New York for the comparison check. Also, consider that there is a $100 rebate on the TAMRON until ... July 31st.
Last edited by DonSchap; 05-08-2011 at 07:31 PM.
Yeah that $100 rebate is making it hard to decide on that Tamron Macro or a Wide Angle lol
The reason I was a Wide Angle is because in August were going to Myrtle Beach South Carolina for a family reunion. So I wanted some group shots and i was hoping it would get some good shots at the beach, hopefully some sunrise shots too.
Is a wide angle lens something that I should get or wait on?
Wide-Angle is all about NOT being able to back up in order to get the shot. Tripods are a marvel and a disaster at the same time. When you are indoors, getting enough room between you and your subject(s) can be a real problem, usually resulting in frustration and something getting knocked over.
Also, ceilings are only so high, so if you want to get all the artwork on them, without having to panorama the whole shebang (which looking-up and moving can be problematic) ... and which can have all sorts of lighting implications as you creep from one area to another ... it is wide-angle to the rescue. I took the image below with the SIGMA AF 10-20mm f/4.5-5.6 DC EX lens, at the full 10mm. It is effectively a 15mm shot, because I used the α700 APS-C sensor camera. The shot runs from just under the organ loft (at the top), all the way forward to the glass over the alter. It just fit.
Again, vista images (mountains, plains, waterfalls, etc.), along the horizontal can be done, successfully, with a telephoto and some patience. A wide-angle is more to catch it all if it is moving around (like at a concert or seating problem where you are, again, too close to use a normal lens) ... or again, if you simply cannot back up far enough. It really is more of a "situation" lens, than a routine one. You grab it as your "last resort" lens option. The wider the focal length of a UWA lens ... well, the more option you have.
TAMRON also has a $50-rebate on its SP AF 10-24mm f/3.5-4.5 Di-II LD (IF) lens, until July 31st. You must choose ... and chose wisely. LOL
Last edited by DonSchap; 05-08-2011 at 08:09 PM.
So you think for what i want to do the 28-75 Tamron would work just fine?
If so that would send me alot of money in the near future.
A 28mm-shot, on an APS-C sensor camera body is effectively a 42mm-shot. That is what is referred to as a "normal" focal length ... and to get enough from between you and your 6-foot subject {only one person} (in portrait mode or vertical orientation <- rotating the camera a 1/4 turn) ... you will need to stand at least 8-10 feet away from them. If you shoot wide-ways (landscape mode <- normal kung-fu grip) ... that distance increases to about 12-15 feet for a full body shot. If you have that kind of room the 28-75mm will work. Otherwise ... the 10-24 might be the right choice. You could also buy a 17-50mm f/2.8, which really is the "indoor lens", per se, on the APS-C sensor camera.
Again, nothing is going to change. Get a tape measure, have your spouse stand across the room, set the lens to 28mm and try to see how far you must back up to get her and some of the background in the image. Try it in both the portrait and landscape orientation. Then, you will know the limitation of your lens.
Okay, are you writing this down? I feel like I am teaching ...
Last edited by DonSchap; 05-08-2011 at 08:25 PM.
That is why I went with the 17-50. I wish it was a 17-80 but it will have to do. I want the 60Macro next.
Sony A77
Sony A580
Sony A 100
Maxxum 400si.
Sony 18-70 Kit Lens
Minolta AF 35-70
Minolta AF 50 f/1.7
Tamron 70-300 f/4-5.6 Di LD
Tamron 60mm Macro
Tamron 17-50 f/2.8
Tamron 2x Converter
Sony HVL-F42AM
Quantaray 70-300 4.5-5.6 Macro
Slingshot 200 Bag
So the 17mm is a 25.5mm on my sensor?
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Need a Hollywood primer on what it's like in the world of outdoor puck?
In the 1999 film, "Mystery, Alaska," Russell Crowe plays the sheriff of the fictitious small town way up in the Last Frontier, but he may be more well known as the veteran player trying to keep his spot in what's called the "Saturday Game" – a four-on-four game of pond hockey where the whole town comes to watch.
Eventually, a Sports Illustrated writer (played by Hank Azaria) who is a native of the town does a story about the game. A promoter latches onto it, and suddenly the New York Rangers are dispatched to this place to play a nationally televised exhibition game against the locals, coached by the town judge (Burt Reynolds).
The place is inundated with all kinds of unwanted attention. Even famed hockey studio host Donnie Shulzhoffer (Mike Myers), a spin-off of Don Cherry, is credited with the line: "This is hockey, OK? It's not rocket surgery."
This "Mystery" story, co-written by famed TV producer and Kings fan David E. Kelly, is about the closest thing in movie form that conveys some of the simplistic beauty of what outdoor hockey is all about, and how it can get sidetracked by a lot of media attention.
Kind of like the L.A. version of the "Saturday Game" at Dodger Stadium between the Kings and Ducks?
There is a common denominator – Kings analyst Jim Fox, who played himself as a studio host in "Mystery, Alaska," will be working for the NHL Network on Saturday's telecast.
Again, as himself.
On our own list of the Top 10 hockey movies we'd watch if they popped up on cable one Sunday afternoon, there's no mystery — "Mystery, Alaska" makes it easily. In no particular order (unless you're reading between the lines), we'd also jump on:
== "Slap Shot" (1977):
Sports Illustrated noted once that the late film critic Gene Siskel said his greatest regret when the film was release was giving it a lukewarm review. He later decided it was worth including as one of the greatest American comedy movies of all time. The 50th anniversary issue of GQ magazine in 2007 included it on a list of the "30 films that changed men's lives." Paul Newman as player-coach Reggie Dunlop. The Hanson Brothers puttin' on the foil. Ogie Ogilthorpe. Ned Braden skating in his jock strap. The Charlestown Chiefs will live in silver-screen infamy. (And please, do not locate 2002's "Slap Shot 2: Breaking the Ice," with Stephen Baldwin and Gary Busey, or 2008's "Slap Shot 3: The Junior League." Both may include reprised roles of the the Hanson Brothers, but they can't save either one of these straight-to-DVD sequels from the penalty box for low-shticking).
== "Miracle" (2004):
Kurt Russell as coach Herb Brooks and how the 1980 U.S. Olympic team came to fame, Disney style. Check the YouTube clip posted a few years ago of the 4-year-old kid who re-enacted Russell's pre-game speech and got an appearance on the Ellen DeGeneres show for it.
== "Goon" (2011):
Seann Williams Scott plays Doug Glatt, who finally figures out something he's good at – a hockey enforcer. He ends up facing off again the legendary Ross "The Boss" Rhea (Liev Schreiber), but first they have a more meaningful discussion about why their roles are important to the game.
== "The Last Gladiators" (2011):
Chris "Knuckles" Nilan, the famed Montreal Canadiens' enforcer in a 15-season career that spanned the 1980s and into the '90s, admits in this documentary by Academy Award-winner Alex Gibney that he "loved" fighting so much, but it led to an addiction of prescription drugs and alcoholism. Nilan today is involved in anti-bullying public speaking and says he thinks the movie "Goon" is "stupid."
== "In the Crease" (2006):
A true-to-life documentary on how the Anaheim-based California Wave Bantam AAA youth hockey team pursued a national championship, along with commentary by stars including Joe Thornton and Scott Niedermayer about their journey to the NHL. It also has its own website.
== "Les Chiefs" (2004):
The Canadian documentary ends up on many hockey "best of" lists for capturing what happens with a semi-pro league team in Quebec – not the Charlestown Chiefs.
== "Sudden Death" (1995):
Jean-Claude Van Damme is trying to detonate a bomb in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena and ends up playing goalie for the Penguins during the Stanley Cup Final. If not for cameos by Luc Robitaille, Bernie Nichols and Makus Naslund, it might be listed as a comedy. It's produced by Howard Baldwin (also in on "Mystery, Alaska"), who was part-owner of the Penguins at the time and helped with the WHA-NHL merger while with the Hartford Whalers in 1979.
== "The Mighty Ducks" (1992):
If only for historical purposes, there's not another film out that there led to the creation of actual NHL team franchise. Not coached by Gordon Bombay (Emilio Estevez). How it also managed two sequels is ridiculous as well.
== "Youngblood" (1986):
Softie Rob Lowe meets up with bullies Patrick Swayze and Keanu Reeves in trying to find a career as a minor-league player who gets sidetracked by falling for the coach's daughter but finally learns how to fight for what he really wants. It's soooo '80s.
Honorable mention:
== "Idol of the Crowds" (1937).
It's the 76th movie of the 184 on John Wayne's resume – in the role of Johnny Hanson (the original Hanson brother?), a chicken farmer recruited to play for the NHL's New York Panthers so he can save his business from bankruptcy, while gangsters try to get him to throw the game. If only for the classic movie poster of the Duke suited up for some ice time.
Horrible mention:
== "The Love Guru" (2008):
Mike Myers spoof of . . . something . . . includes a puckish Justin Timberlake as Kings goalkeeper Jacques Grande, with his extra-large pads. And Verne Troyer as the Kings' coach. Enough sight gags to make one gag.


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The Seafort Saga Ranks On The Following Lists:
Best Science Fiction Series(Ranked 41 out of 72)
The Crowd-Ranked version of The Best Science Fiction Series. http://bestsciencefictionbooks.com/best-science-fiction-series.php Vote on the books and submit any new books you feel should be on this ...MORE
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Welcome Back
October's theme for the Virtual Crafting Challenge has been 'Lots of Layers'. I have a few medallion stamps but haven't really done much with them. I had made a Jacob's Ladder for MIL's birthday and created a gift box for it to go in, so decided that a medallion would be a good way to finish off the gift box.
Here is the finished piece;
I used the Heart Lace stamp from Creative Expressions and Versafine Onyx Black ink. I coloured the image using Emboss Dual Pens by Tsukineko in colours #36 Lavender, #35 Wisteria and #7 Pansy. The mat areas are just coloured in, the gloss areas had a layer of clear embossing powder applied over the ink whilst it was still wet and then heated. The ribbon in the centre is to act as a pull to easily open the gift box.
Creative Expressions; http://www.expressrubberstamps.co.uk/
Medallion stamps from Creative Expressions http://www.expressrubberstamps.co.uk/products/list.php?sid=11&tid=GL
Heart Lace stamp from Creative Expressions http://www.expressrubberstamps.co.uk/products/detail.php?pid=HH1031F
Thanks for reading, see you soon


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There's certainly no shortage of weather apps on the Windows Phone store. Just in case you require yet another one installed on your device, here's WeatherSense. The brand new app has just launched on Windows Phone 8 and much like other apps sharing similar functionality, it tells you how the weather is should you be looking to venture outside.
You know the drill, folks. Just like any other weather app, you download WeatherSense, fire up the app and set your locations. The app will then relay details on how the weather is at last update, as well as a basic outlook on the handful of days ahead. The UI is also similar to what we've come to expect from developers who attempt to launch their own solutions in this app category.
The default view when browsing a location will show today's date, time and the current temperature. Below this information will be a daily and hourly forecast, coupled with a background that sports subtle animations - it's a nice touch. WeatherSense is simply, effective and gets the job done. As you can see in the lead image of this article, there's Live Tile support. The only issue is the lack of configuration for the tiles themselves.
Lockscreen access can also be granted in the settings area. This will essentially display the same information that's shown in the app, accompanied by the hourly and daily forecast. Again there are no options for the Lockscreen integration, which will utilise your location to display relevant data. Vocal weather updates are included, along with voice commands. Another useful feature is the extreme weather toast notification alerts.
Finally, you can share weather reports with others and view analytics. You can download WeatherSense from the Windows Phone store for free (Windows Phone 8 only; usually $0.99).


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INGLEWOOD, Calif. (September 8, 2010)—Jockey Martin Pedroza and trainer Bob Baffert, who combined for a milestone victory at Hollywood Park when E Z's Gentleman won the Triple Bend Handicap on July 10, will team again today on opening day at Fairplex Park.
Pedroza, who earned the 1,000th victory of his career at Hollywood Park in the Triple Bend, will ride Subsidized for Baffert in the $50,000 Beverly J. Lewis Stakes. An ungraded race at 6 ½ furlongs, the Lewis drew eight other 3-year-old fillies.
Owned by Mike Pegram, Karl Watson and Paul Weitman, the same partnership that campaigns multiple stakes winner Lookin At Lucky, Subsidized has won two of three and earned $62,600.
A daughter of Ghostzapper, Subsidized finished second in her Santa Anita debut in April, then won against maidens on May 12 at Hollywood Park. In her most recent outing, the $185,000 yearling purchase won an allowance race by a neck at Del Mar, defeating Saint Isabelle, who returned to win her next race.
Baffert will also send out Seriously, a Gulch filly whose scored her only win against maidens last Sept. 26 at Fairplex. Owned by Thoroughbred Legends Racing Stable LLC, Seriously will be ridden by Martin Garcia.
Earlier in the day, Pedroza, Fairplex Park's all-time leading rider, will square off in a match race – at 1 1/16 miles – against David Flores, who is second in victories at the Pomona track. Flores will ride Cat Brando and Pedroza has the call on Dave's Ruler. If either of the two maidens scratch, Derrick Do will step in as the replacement.
The field, from inside out, for the Beverly J. Lewis: Got an Itch, Alonso Quinonez rides, 123 pounds; True Religion, Corey Nakatani, 118; Candy's Pleasure, Jose Verenzuela, 118; Folk Dancer, Paul Atkinson, 118; Come Home Lady, David Flores, 118; Feeling Fancy, Christian Santiago Reyes, 123; Subsidized, Martin Pedroza, 123; Fairway Road, Omar Berrio, 118 and Seriously, Martin Garcia, 123.
Copyright © 2009-2012, Hollywood Park. All rights reserved. Site design by Love Has No logic Design Group


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Didn't the Flyers say they wanted to get younger?
On Friday, they signed 39-year-old winger Jaromir Jagr, the five-time NHL scoring champion who played the last three seasons in Russia.
The Penguins and Red Wings dropped out of the bidding earlier in the day.
Jagr signed a one-year deal for $3.3 million _ reportedly $1.3 million more than Pittsburgh offered.
The Flyers later signed another ex-Penguin, center Max Talbot, to a five-year deal that totals $9 million. The 27-year-old Talbot had eight goals and 13 assists for Pittsburgh last season.
By all accounts, Talbot is a character guy and a lockerroom leader.
Later in the day, the Flyer sent Kris Versteeg to Florida for second and third-round draft picks. The move could have opened room to re-sign Ville Leino, but the winger soon signed a six-year $27 million deal with Buffalo ($4.5 million per year).
The Flyers also inked RFA Jacub Voracek for one season at $2.25 million.
After a brilliant NHL career, Jagr went to Russia's KHL the last three seasons. In his last NHL season, he had 25 goals and 46 assists for the Rangers in 2007-08.
Yes, the Flyers would be thrilled with that kind of production.
That seems like a longshot.
Last year, Jagr had 19 goals and 31 assists in the KHL, then had five goals in nine games for the Czech Republic National Team in the IIHF World Championships.
The Flyers also signed another past-his-prime player, 6-3, 220-pound Andreas Lilja, a soon-to-be 36-year-old defenseman who had one goal and six assists for Anaheim last season and was minus-15.
Free-agent Sean O'Donnell signed with Chicago.
Because the Flyers do not have many big bodies at center, it seemed to make UFA Michal Handzus an interesting option. A former Flyer, the 6-foot-4, 219-pound Handzus was high on the Flyers' FA list. Ditto Erik Cole, Jamie Langenbrunner, Michael Ryder, Simon Gagne and John Madden.
Apparently, all were too expensive.
* * * *
Follow this blog (or Twitter at BroadStBull) for updates throughout the day. The NHL Network is televising the draft frenzy.
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We continue our celebration of the extraordinary heritage of the Montreux Jazz Festival with a new Special Edition Moleskine notebook.
As is the tradition, the Special Edition notebook takes its cue from the design of the poster. Crucial tools for the support of artistic talent, festival posters from previous years have been designed by such artists as Milton Glaser, Keith Haring and Andy Warhol, and even Phil Collins. This year the poster comes from Oscar Oiwa. The notebook's paper banderole recalls a section of the background. Character sketches of a group of musicians are debossed on the cover in silver. On the inner flyleaf, Oiwa leaves his mark. He describes his concept below:
"It was a great honor for me to create the poster for the Montreux Jazz Festival 2013. My idea was to have musicians of different ages and cultural backgrounds play together in a summer sunset. The abstract landscape represents a mountain with vineyards and a lake. Light is shown coming from all directions, despite the shadows in the center. The characters are depicted in a style that comes from an area in Northeast Brazil (my home country) named Caruaru, where local people make small figurines using clay.
Thanks to my long time friend Seigen Ono for his collaboration and special thanks to Claude Nobs for his invitation. Unfortunately the visionary man never saw the finished painting and I never met him, but I believe his soul is well represented in this poster."
Oscar Oiwa,
January 24th 2013
Now in its 47th year, the festival has helped shape the careers of some of the most influential musicians of all time, hosting Nina Simone for one of her first concerts; providing a stage for musical greats as well as contemporary emerging groups. The festival has continuously grown as it provides more stages, more artists, more platforms for self-expression and creativity in all its forms.
The 47th Montreux Jazz Festival Special Edition notebooks are available on the Montreux Jazz shop.
Fondation du Festival de Jazz de Montreux © 2013 Artwork Oscar Oiwa


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First Links in the Markov Chain
By Brian Hayes
Probability and poetry were unlikely partners in the creation of a computational tool
Probability and poetry were unlikely partners in the creation of a computational tool
One hundred years ago the Russian mathematician A. A. Markov founded a new branch of probability theory by applying mathematics to poetry. Delving into the text of Alexander Pushkin's novel in verse Eugene Onegin , Markov spent hours sifting through patterns of vowels and consonants. On January 23, 1913, he summarized his findings in an address to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. His analysis did not alter the understanding or appreciation of Pushkin's poem, but the technique he developed—now known as a Markov chain—extended the theory of probability in a new direction. Markov's methodology went beyond coin-flipping and dice-rolling situations (where each event is independent of all others) to chains of linked events (where what happens next depends on the current state of the system).
Markov chains are everywhere in the sciences today. Methods not too different from those Markov used in his study of Pushkin help identify genes in DNA and power algorithms for voice recognition and web search. In physics the Markov chain simulates the collective behavior of systems made up of many interacting particles, such as the electrons in a solid. In statistics, the chains provide methods of drawing a representative sample from a large set of possibilities. And Markov chains themselves have become a lively area of inquiry in recent decades, with efforts to understand why some of them work so efficiently—and some don't.
As Markov chains have become commonplace tools, the story of their origin has largely faded from memory. The story is worth retelling. It features an unusual conjunction of mathematics and literature, as well as a bit of politics and even theology. For added drama there's a bitter feud between two forceful personalities. And the story unfolds amid the tumultuous events that transformed Russian society in the early years of the 20th century.
Before delving into the early history of Markov chains, however, it's helpful to have a clearer idea of what the chains are and how they work.
Probability theory has its roots in games of chance, where every roll of the dice or spin of the roulette wheel is a separate experiment, independent of all others. It's an article of faith that one flip of a coin has no effect on the next. If the coin is fair, the probability of heads is always 1/2.
This principle of independence makes it easy to calculate compound probabilities. If you toss a fair coin twice, the chance of seeing heads both times is simply 1/2×1/2, or 1/4. More generally, if two independent events have probabilities p and q , the joint probability of both events is the product pq .
However, not all aspects of life adhere to this convenient principle. Suppose the probability of a rainy day is 1/3; it does not follow that the probability of rain two days in a row is 1/3×1/3=1/9. Storms often last several days, so rain today may signal an elevated chance of rain tomorrow.
For another example where independence fails, consider the game of Monopoly. Rolling the dice determines how many steps your token advances around the board, but where you land at the end of a move obviously depends on where you begin. From different starting points, the same number of steps could take you to the Boardwalk or put you in jail. The probabilities of future events depend on the current state of the system. The events are linked, one to the next; they form a Markov chain.
To be considered a proper Markov chain, a system must have a set of distinct states, with identifiable transitions between them. A simplified model of weather forecasting might have just three states: sunny, cloudy and rainy . There are nine possible transitions (including "identity" transitions that leave the state unchanged). For Monopoly, the minimal model would require at least 40 states, corresponding to the 40 squares around the perimeter of the board. For each state there are transitions to all other states that can be reached in a roll of the dice—generally those from 2 to 12 squares away. A realistic Monopoly model incorporating all of the game's quirky rules would be much larger.
Recent years have seen the construction of truly enormous Markov chains. For example, the PageRank algorithm devised by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the founders of Google, is based on a Markov chain whose states are the pages of the World Wide Web—perhaps 40 billion of them. The transitions are links between pages. The aim of the algorithm is to calculate for each web page the probability that a reader following links at random will arrive at that page.
A diagram made up of dots and arrows shows the structure of a Markov chain. Dots represent states; arrows indicate transitions. Each arrow has an associated number, which gives the probability of that transition. Because these numbers are probabilities, they must lie between 0 and 1, and all the probabilities issuing from a dot must add up to exactly 1. In such a diagram you can trace a pathway that defines a sequence of states—perhaps
sunny, sunny, cloudy, rainy
in the weather example. To calculate the probability of this specific sequence, just multiply the probabilities associated with the corresponding transition arrows.
The chain can also answer questions such as, "If it's cloudy today, what is the probability of rain two days from now?" The answer is found by summing the contributions of all pathways that lead from the cloudy state to the rainy state in exactly two steps. This sounds like a tedious exercise, but there's an easy way to organize the computation, based on the arithmetic of matrices.
The transition probabilities for a three-state Markov chain can be arranged in a three-by-three matrix—a square array of nine numbers. As shown in the illustration at right, the process for calculating multistage transitions is equivalent to matrix multiplication. The matrix itself (call it P ) predicts tomorrow's weather; the product P × P , or P 2 , gives weather probabilities for the day after tomorrow; P 3 defines the probabilities for three days hence, and so on. The entire future unfolds from this one matrix.
Given the hypothetical probabilities in the weather example shown at right, the successive powers of the matrix rapidly converge to a stationary configuration in which all the rows are identical and all the columns consist of a single repeated value. This outcome has a straightforward interpretation: If you let the system evolve long enough, the probability of a given state no longer depends on the initial state. In the case of the weather, such a result is unsurprising. Knowing that it's raining today may offer a clue about tomorrow's weather, but it's not much help in predicting the state of the skies three weeks from now. For such an extended forecast you may as well consult the long-term averages (which are the values to which the Markov chain converges).
Markov's scheme for extending the laws of probability beyond the realm of independent variables has one crucial restriction: The probabilities must depend only on the present state of the system, not on its earlier history. The Markovian analysis of Monopoly, for example, considers a player's current position on the board but not how he or she got there. This limitation is serious. After all, life presents itself as a long sequence of contingent events—kingdoms are lost for want of a nail, hurricanes are spawned by butterflies in Amazonia—but these causal chains extending into the distant past are not Markov chains.
On the other hand, a finite span of history can often be captured by encoding it in the current state. For example, tomorrow's weather could be made dependent on both yesterday's and today's by creating a nine-state model in which each state is a two-day sequence. The price to be paid is an exponential increase in the number of states.
In trying to understand how Markov came to formulate these ideas, we run straight into one of those long chains of contingent events extending deep into the past. One place to start the story is with Peter the Great (1682–1725), the ambitious Romanov tsar who founded the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg and fostered the development of scientific culture in Russia. (Other aspects of his reign were less admirable, such as the torture and murder of dissidents, including his son Alexei.)
At roughly the same time, elsewhere in Europe, the theory of probability was emerging from gambling halls and insurance brokerages to become a coherent branch of mathematics. The foundational event was the publication in 1713 of Jacob Bernoulli's treatise Ars Conjectandi ( The Art of Conjecturing ).
Back in St. Petersburg, the mathematics program prospered, although initially most of the accomplishments were by imported savants. Visitors to the Academy included two younger members of the Bernoulli family, Nicholas and Daniel. And the superstar was Leonhard Euler, the preeminent mathematician of the era, who spent more than 30 years in St. Petersburg.
By the 19th century indigenous Russian mathematicians were beginning to make their mark. Nikolai Lobachevsky (1792–1856) was one of the inventors of non-Euclidean geometry. A few decades later, Pafnuty Chebyshev (1821–1894) made contributions in number theory, in methods of approximation (now called Chebyshev polynomials) and in probability theory. Chebyshev's students formed the nucleus of the next generation of Russian mathematicians; Markov was prominent among them.
Andrei Andreevich Markov was born in 1856. His father was a government employee in the forestry service and later the manager of an aristocrat's estate. As a schoolboy Markov showed enthusiasm for mathematics. He went on to study at St. Petersburg University (with Chebyshev and others) and remained there for his entire career, progressing through the ranks and becoming a full professor in 1893. He was also elected to the Academy.
In 1906, when Markov began developing his ideas about chains of linked probabilities, he was 50 years old and had already retired, although he still taught occasional courses. His retirement was active in another way as well. In 1883 Markov had married Maria Valvatieva, the daughter of the owner of the estate his father had once managed. In 1903 they had their first and only child, a son who was also named Andrei Andreevich. The son became a distinguished mathematician of the Soviet era, head of the department of mathematical logic at Moscow State University. (To the consternation of librarians, both father and son signed their works "A. A. Markov.")
An intellectual thread extends all the way from Jacob Bernoulli through Chebyshev to Markov. In Ars Conjectandi Bernoulli stated the law of large numbers, which says that if you keep flipping an unbiased coin, the proportion of heads will approach 1/2 as the number of flips goes to infinity. This notion seems intuitively obvious, but it gets slippery when you try to state it precisely and supply a rigorous proof. Bernoulli proved one version; Chebyshev published a broader proof; Markov offered further refinements.
Markov's later studies of chains of dependent events can be seen as a natural continuation and generalization of this long line of work. But that's not the whole story.
By most accounts, Markov was a nettlesome character, abrasive even with friends, fiercely combative with rivals, often embroiled in public protests and quarrels. We get a glimpse of his personality from his correspondence with the statistician Alexander Chuprov, which has been published in English translation. His letters to Chuprov are studded with dismissive remarks denigrating others' work—including Chuprov's.
Markov's pugnacity extended beyond mathematics to politics and public life. When the Russian church excommunicated Leo Tolstoy, Markov asked that he be expelled also. (The request was granted.) In 1902, the leftist writer Maxim Gorky was elected to the Academy, but the election was vetoed by Tsar Nicholas II. In protest, Markov announced that he would refuse all future honors from the tsar. (Unlike Anton Chekhov, however, Markov did not resign his own membership in the Academy.) In 1913, when the tsar called for celebrations of 300 years of Romanov rule, Markov responded by organizing a symposium commemorating a different anniversary: the publication of Ars Conjectandi 200 years before.
Markov's strongest vitriol was reserved for another mathematician, Pavel Nekrasov, whose work Markov described as "an abuse of mathematics." Nekrasov was on the faculty of Moscow University, which was then a stronghold of the Russian Orthodox Church. Nekrasov had begun his schooling at a theological seminary before turning to mathematics, and apparently he believed the two vocations could support each other.
In a paper published in 1902 Nekrasov injected the law of large numbers into the centuries-old theological debate about free will versus predestination. His argument went something like this: Voluntary acts—expressions of free will—are like the independent events of probability theory, with no causal links between them. The law of large numbers applies only to such independent events. Data gathered by social scientists, such as crime statistics, conform to the law of large numbers. Therefore the underlying acts of individuals must be independent and voluntary.
Markov and Nekrasov stood at opposite poles along many dimensions: A secular republican from Petersburg was confronting an ecclesiastical monarchist from Moscow. But when Markov launched his attack on Nekrasov, he did not dwell on factional or ideological differences. He zeroed in on a mathematical error. Nekrasov assumed that the law of large numbers requires the principle of independence. Although this notion had been a commonplace of probability theory since the time of Jacob Bernoulli, Markov set out to show that the assumption is unnecessary. The law of large numbers applies perfectly well to systems of dependent variables if they meet certain criteria.
Markov first addressed the issue of dependent variables and the law of large numbers in 1906. He began with a simple case—a system with just two states. On the assumption that all four transition probabilities are greater than 0 and less than 1, he was able to prove that as the system evolves over time, the frequency of each state converges to a fixed average value. Over the next few years Markov extended and generalized the proof, showing that it applies to a broad class of models.
This series of results achieved at least one of Markov's goals: It forced Nekrasov to retreat from his claim that the law of large numbers implies free will. But the wider world of mathematics did not take much notice. One thing lacking was any hint of how these ideas might be applied to practical events. Markov was proudly aloof from such matters. He wrote to Chuprov: "I am concerned only with questions of pure analysis.… I refer to the question of the applicability of probability theory with indifference."
By 1913, however, Markov had apparently had a change of heart. His paper on Onegin was certainly a work of applied probability theory. It made a lasting impression, perhaps in part because of the novelty of applying mathematics to poetry. Perhaps too because the poem he chose is a treasured one, which Russian schoolchildren recite.
From a linguistic point of view, Markov's analysis was at a very superficial level. It did not address the meter or rhyme or meaning of Pushkin's verse. It treated the text as a mere stream of letters. Simplifying further still, the letters were lumped into just two classes, vowels and consonants.
Markov's sample comprised the first 20,000 letters of the poem, which is about an eighth of the total. He eliminated all punctuation and white space, jamming the characters into one long, unbroken sequence. In the first phase of his analysis he arranged the text in 200 blocks of 10×10 characters, then counted the vowels in each row and column. From this tabulation he was able to calculate both the mean number of vowels per 100-character block and the variance, a measure of how widely samples depart from the mean. Along the way he tallied up the total number of vowels (8,638) and consonants (11,362).
In a second phase Markov returned to the unbroken sequence of 20,000 letters, combing through it to classify pairs of successive letters according to their pattern of vowels and consonants. He counted 1,104 vowel-vowel pairs and was able to deduce that there were 3,827 double consonants; the remaining 15,069 pairs must consist of a vowel and a consonant in one order or the other.
With these numbers in hand, Markov could estimate to what extent Pushkin's text violates the principle of independence. The probability that a randomly chosen letter is a vowel is 8,638/20,000, or about 0.43. If adjacent letters were independent, then the probability of two vowels in succession would be (0.43) 2 , or about 0.19. A sample of 19,999 pairs would be expected to have 3,731 double vowels, more than three times the actual number. Thus we have strong evidence that the letter probabilities are not independent; there is an exaggerated tendency for vowels and consonants to alternate. (Given the phonetic structure of human language, this finding is not a surprise.)
Markov did all of his counting and calculating with pencil and paper. Out of curiosity, I tried repeating some of his work with an English translation of Onegin . Constructing 10×10 tables on squared paper was tedious but not difficult. Circling double vowels on a printout of the text seemed to go quickly—10 stanzas in half an hour—but it turned out I had missed 62 of 248 vowel-vowel pairs. Markov was probably faster and more accurate than I am; even so, he must have spent several days on these labors. He later undertook a similar analysis of 100,000 characters of a memoir by another Russian writer, Sergei Aksakov.
A computer reduces the textual analysis to triviality, finding all double vowels in four milliseconds. The result of such an analysis, shown in the illustration above, suggests that written English is rather vowel-poor (or consonant-rich) compared with Russian, and yet the structure of the transition matrix is the same. The probability of encountering a vowel depends strongly on whether the preceding letter is a vowel or a consonant, with a bias toward alternation.
paper has been widely discussed and cited but not widely read outside of the Russian-speaking world. Morris Halle, a linguist at MIT, made an English translation in 1955 at the request of colleagues who were then interested in statistical approaches to language. But Halle's translation was never published; it survives only in mimeograph form in a few libraries. The first widely available English translation, created by the German scholar David Link and several colleagues, was published only in 2006.
Link has also written a commentary on Markov's "mathematization of writing" and an account of how the Onegin paper came to be known outside of Russia. (A crucial figure in the chain of transmission was George Polya, a Hungarian mathematician whose well-known work on random walks is closely related to Markov chains.) The statisticians Oscar Sheynin and Eugene Seneta have also written about Markov and his milieu. Because I read no Russian, I have relied heavily on these sources.
In the accounts of Link, Seneta and Sheynin we find the dénouement of the Markov-Nekrasov conflict. Not surprisingly, the royalist Nekrasov had a hard time hanging onto his position after the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. He died in 1924, and his work fell into obscurity.
Markov, as an anti-tsarist, was looked upon more favorably by the new regime, but an anecdote about his later years suggests he remained a malcontent to the end. In 1921 he complained to the Academy that he could not attend meetings because he lacked suitable footwear. The matter was referred to a committee. In a sign of how thoroughly Russian life had been turned upside down, the chairman was none other than Academician Maxim Gorky. A pair of boots was found for Comrade Markov, but he said they didn't fit and were "stupidly stitched." He continued to keep his distance from the Academy and died in 1922.
For Markov, extending the law of large numbers to interdependent samples was the main point of his inquiry. He bequeathed us a proof that a Markov chain must eventually settle down to some definite, stable configuration corresponding to the long-term average behavior of the system.
In the 100 years since 1913, Markov chains have become a major mathematical industry, but the emphasis has shifted away from the questions that most interested Markov himself. In a practical computational setting, it's not enough to know that a system will eventually converge to a stable value; one needs to know how long it will take. With the recent vogue for huge Markov systems, even estimating the convergence time is impractical; the best that can be expected is an estimate of the error introduced by prematurely terminating a simulation process.
I conclude this essay with a more personal story about my own introduction to Markov chains. In 1983 I wrote a "Computer Recreations" column for Scientific American subtitled "A progress report on the fine art of turning literature into drivel." I was exploring algorithms that exploit the statistical structure of language to generate random text in the manner of a particular author. (Some specimens based on Eugene Onegin appear in the illustration above.)
One version of the drivel algorithm builds a transition matrix whose rows are labeled by sequences of k letters and whose columns define the probabilities of various letters that can follow each k -character sequence. Given an initial k -letter seed sequence, the program uses the matrix and a random number generator to choose the next character of the synthesized text. Then the leftmost letter of the seed is dropped, the newly chosen character is appended to the right side, and the whole procedure repeats. For values of k larger than 2 or 3 the matrix becomes impractically large, but there are tricks for solving this problem (one of which eliminates the matrix altogether).
Shortly after my article appeared, I met Sergei Kapitsa, the son of Nobel laureate Pyotr Kapitsa and the editor of the Russian-language edition of Scientific American . Kapitsa told me that my algorithms for generating random text all derived from the work of A. A. Markov, decades earlier. I expressed a certain skepticism: Maybe Markov invented the underlying mathematics, but did he apply those ideas to linguistic processes? Then Kapitsa told me about Markov's Onegin paper.
In a later issue of the magazine I published a contrite addendum about Markov. I had to write it without ever having read a word of Markov's work, and I went overboard a little, saying that Markov "asks to what extent Pushkin's poem remains Pushkin's when the letters are scrambled." Thirty years later, I hope this column will restore the balance. Sadly, though, I am too late to share it with Kapitsa. He died last summer at age 84.
Click "American Scientist" to access home page


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1. Vehicles must be in four-wheel drive and must display a current Norton Point Beach permit on the front and rear
bumpers. Permits are not transferable.
2. Vehicles must remain on the designated trails.
3. Vehicles are prohibited from driving along the bay-side tidal flats.
4. Tires shall be maintained at a maximum of 15 pounds per square inch to protect the trail and to reduce strain on
your engine.
5. Either adverse weather conditions or the presence of nesting shorebirds may close part or all of the beach to
vehicular access.
6. Driving or parking is prohibited in the following areas:
a. On vegetation;
b. Within 15 feet of sand fencing;
c. Within 15 feet of the toe of a dune.
7. Speed limit of 15 miles per hour.
8. In places the designated trails are wide enough for only one vehicle; Use designated pull off areas to allow oncoming
traffic to pass.
9. Parking on designated trails or in pull off areas is prohibited.
10. All vehicles must carry the following:
a. These regulations;
b. Spare tire;
c. A rope, strap, chain or cable of sufficient strength and length to tow your vehicle;
d. Jack and a board to go under the jack (a jack in the sand is use-less;
e. Heavy duty shovel;
f. Tire pressure gauge registering 10 psi or less.
11. Drivers must fill in the ruts and or holes they dig to remove their vehicle from loose sand.
12. The Beach Manager and/or County Commissioners may enact and post additional regulations to protect public
health and safety or to protect the integrity of the beach.
1. Climbing dunes – This activity damages the dunes and/or the vegetation holding the dunes in place.
2. Cutting, removing or walking on any vegetation – This vegetation is what holds the beach in place, so it must be protected.
3. Littering – At the least, remove all the materials you bring to the beach. Please consider removing other litter as well.
4. Carrying and consumption of alcoholic beverages.
5. Overnight camping or sleeping.
6. Open fires.
7. Removing, defacing or otherwise damaging signs, barriers or other property.
8. Behavior that endangers the public, causes a nuisance, or harasses wildlife.
9. Dog and Pet Restrictions:
a. 1 January – 31 March – No Restrictions;
b. 1 April – 14 May – Dogs and pets are prohibited within 100 yards of posted nesting habitat by federal and state regulation;
c. 15 May – 30 August - Dogs and pets are prohibited within 100 yards of posted nesting habitat by federal and state regulation AND Dogs and pets are prohibited on all beaches between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.;
d. 1 September – 15 September - Dogs and pets are prohibited on all beaches between 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.;
e. 16 September – 31 December – No Restrictions; and
f. Dog and pet excrement must be picked up and disposed of properly.
g. There is a $50 fine for violation of Section 4 (Mass. General Law Section 161 Acts 1971).
Approved By County Manager April 27, 2005


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Stockton, CA
Hazel Mays
Our Yellow Rose of Texas, Hazel Louise Rowell Mays, 91 years of age, went home to Our Lord Jesus
Christ on January 29, 2013. Hazel was born in Holt Texas, San Saba County on May 14, 1921.
She was preceded in death by her Mother, Mattie Florence Lavern Rowell; her Father, Thomas Elzy Rowell; 6 Brothers and 4 Sisters and her eldest Son, Lyndon Allen (Sonny) Mays (Mary) who was a twin. She is survived by her Sisters, Dorothy Faye Stapp of Lockney, Texas and Mattie Lavern Yarbrough of Stockton. She is survived by her Daughter, Linda Ann Brown (twin) of Sacramento, her second set of twins, Bill Mays (Norma) and Bob Mays (Chris) of Stockton, Roy Benjamin Mays (Brenda) of Escalon; numerous Grandchildren; Great Grandchildren; Great Great Grandchildren and nephews and nieces.
Hazel was a member of the Church of Christ for 55 years.
Hazel was a beloved child of God who shared her faith daily especially in word and deed. She loved spending time with her family, singing, playing games, reading and sharing her goodness and joy with all those she encountered.
Viewing will be held at DeYoung Funeral Chapel at 7676 Shoreline Dr. Stockton, CA 95219 on Saturday Feb. 2, 2013 from 11-5 and Sunday Feb. 3, 12-3. Funeral Services will be held at the Chapel of Flowers at Cherokee Memorial Park on Harney Lane at Highway 99, Lodi, on Monday Feb. 4, at 11, where she will then be laid to rest.
We Thank God for Hazel's presence in our lives and we will treasure our memories of her time with us. She will be cherished and loved until we are reunited with her in heaven. Our world was a better place because she was a part of it.
We want to thank Hospice of San Joaquin for all their support and all her caretakers at Emeritus Fulton Villa. In lieu of flowers, the family requests that all donations be made to Hospice of San Joaquin.


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Fish and Game says Gilford bear shooting was properBy DAN SEUFERT
Union Leader Correspondent
May 23. 2013 7:51PM
GILFORD — State Fish and Game officials say the matter of a woman who crossed the road with a shotgun and shot a bear in her neighbor's yard last week was dealt with properly, though some bear preservation advocates said it was not legal.
Meanwhile, the head of the Fish and Game bear project says the incident was part of a trend in New Hampshire, as more people are buying chickens and chicken coops for their homes.
"Issues with bears and other predators attacking chickens are becoming much more common in recent years, as people seem to be buying more chickens and coops," said Fish and Game's Andrew Timmins.
"Chickens are seen by predators as a food source. But in these cases, bears are not representing a threat to the human population, and we hope people will take preventive measures, because this is not the way to handle our bear resources."
Fish and Game officials said Marie Karatsaros left her home at 231 Stark St. at about 8 p.m. on May 12 after she heard chickens squawking across the street.
Karatsaros said she grabbed her gun and went to her neighbor's home, where she found that a young bear had broken into a chicken coop. She shot the bear, wounding it, and it left. Town police had to find the bear and euthanize it later that night.
"I have to protect my neighbor, she couldn't stop a bear," Karatsaros said last week.
Under state law, "a person may pursue, wound or kill, on land owned or occupied by such person, any unprotected bird or wild animal which the person finds in the act of doing actual and substantial damage to poultry, crops, domestic animals, or the person's property."
Some bear preservation advocates in the state have complained since the incident that by law, Karatsaros should have been arrested because she was not on her own property.
"I understand the reference (to the law)," said Mark Ellingwood, Fish and Game's wildlife division chief.
"Our officers do the best they can in the field, and it is not our intent to empower people to kill bears (indiscriminately)," he said. "You do the best you can in the field, and we understood what happened, it's over, and we're moving on."
Bear advocates say the shooting is part of a trend, and they hope others will use preventive measures to avoid unnecessary killing of bears, especially young bears.
"We're not convinced that what happened in Gilford is 100 percent legal, but we're not trying to take anyone to task, we just want people to look at simple solutions," said Ellen Keith, a member of Black Brook Conservation Foundation, which has members all over the state, including many in Tamworth.
Timmins said the incident in Gilford was "unfortunate." People should prevent such intrusions with electric fences, which are highly effective in deterring bears.
People also need to be aware that in the spring some of the bears are cubs with a mother nearby, which could cause more problems, he said. In any case, if a landowner sees a bear causing problems, the landowner should call the local police, he said.


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If you missed the bulk of the Topman sale (and if you're just finding out now, you've definitely missed it) then ASOS have a sale that hasn't sold out yet. Although it might have by the time you've finished reading this sentence. If you haven't realised, Time is of the essence when it comes to sales.
So to save you precious site browsing time, I've come up with a best items in the sale list, saving you about 30 minutes. You can thank me later.


text:
Umpires at the centre of bribery claims denied Tuesday they were willing to fix matches for cash as cricket authorities announced an urgent probe into the allegations aired in a television sting.
An undercover investigation by the private India TV channel allegedly found six umpires, including one on the international circuit, were willing to give decisions or provide inside information on teams and playing conditions in return for illicit payments.
The accusations were broadcast only a day after the West Indies' victory over hosts Sri Lanka in the final of the World Twenty20 tournament, quickly souring the atmosphere after one of the game's premier events.
None of the umpires was involved in the tournament.
The International Cricket Council called on India TV "to turn over any information which can assist the ICC's urgent investigations into this matter".
"The ICC reiterates its zero tolerance towards corruption whether alleged against players or officials," the organisation said in a statement.
Three of those named were from Sri Lanka, while two were from Pakistan. The sixth was Nadir Shah, one of two Bangladeshi members of the ICC's international panel which officiates in matches around the world.
Umpires hit back after corruption claims
Umpires at the centre of bribery claims denied Tuesday they were willing to fix matches for cash as cricket authorities announced an urgent probe into the allegations aired in a television sting.
Grainy footage appeared to show Shah, who has stood in 40 one-day internationals and a number of Twenty20 internationals, saying he was willing to give decisions on demand.
An India TV transcript of the sting said Shah allegedly offered to give biased LBW (leg before wicket), run-out and inside-edge verdicts.
"If the umpire is shown a favour, the umpire can do anything," Shah was quoted as saying in the transcript.
The video does not show any cash being exchanged nor did the channel broadcast any proof of the umpires delivering decisions or information.
Shah said any suggestion he was open to bribery was "absolutely rubbish".
"If I am going to fix match, I will be caught some day by the ICC... no umpire fixes matches," he told the Press Trust of India news agency.
The Bangladesh Cricket Board (BCB) pledged to investigate the claims.
"The BCB has a zero-tolerance policy to issues related to corruption in the game and is committed to holding a thorough inquiry," it said in a statement.
The Pakistan Cricket Board said it was gathering information and was in contact with the ICC. "We have zero tolerance towards corruption," said spokesman Nadeem Sarwar.
Pakistan umpire Nadeem Ghouri, another of those named, denied any involvement. "I am surprised at these baseless allegations," he told AFP, saying he would consult his lawyers.
Ghouri has umpired in Test matches and dozens of limited-over internationals, although he is no longer part of the ICC panel.
Sri Lanka cricket authorities on Tuesday considered suspending their three local umpires, but delayed a final decision pending a report from the ICC, A.R.M. Aroos, chairman of Sri Lanka Cricket umpires' committee, told AFP.
"We have looked at the tapes. We have got written submissions from the umpires. The next step would be a suspension and a preliminary inquiry, but we decided to await a report from the ICC," Aroos said.
Gamini Dissanayake, one of three Sri Lankans to be named, told the Colombo-based Daily Mirror the allegation was a "fabrication".
"Obviously this is an attempt at mudslinging," he told the daily.
India TV chairman Rajat Sharma told AFP his channel would cooperate with the International Cricket Council in investigating the scandal.
"Of course we will give the entire unedited tape to anyone who is enquiring this," Sharma said. "We would cooperate with the ICC."
Three Pakistani cricketers were last year jailed in Britain after being found guilty of spot-fixing following a newspaper sting.
Shah was among the umpires at the inaugural Bangladesh Premier League earlier this year, a local version of India's IPL Twenty20 tournament.
The competition was marred by corruption allegations and ended up with former Bangladeshi international Shariful Haque being indefinitely banned.


text:
No surprise here: Bernie Sanders got his brother's vote at the Democratic National Convention Tuesday, and Larry Sanders said he cast that vote with "enormous pride."
Larry Sanders, who lives in Britain, addressed the convention during the roll call of states, speaking as a member of the Americans Abroad delegation.
He appeared to be emotional — and said the Sanders brothers' late parents would have been proud of the Vermont senator's accomplishments.
Video of the presidential candidate showed him attempting to hold back tears as he watched the speech from his seat.
It was a touching moment on the way to Hillary Clinton's historic nomination for president on the convention's second day — she accepted the party's nominated to become the first female presidential nominee for a major party.
Sanders was also nominated, but he did not have enough delegates to win the roll call vote. The senator concluded the vote by asking the convention to nominate Clinton by acclamation. The delegates did so, to wild cheers inside the Wells Fargo Center.


text:
The fabulous Bianca was kind enough to add artwork to some of my micropoetry. I hope you enjoy her creations and my words.
The fabulous Bianca was kind enough to add artwork to some of my micropoetry. I hope you enjoy her creations and my words.
Filed under Blogging Community, Poetry
a resource for moving poetry
Writer, Poet, Dreamer
Just trying to find me between the pages, into the wild I go to lose my mind and find my soul.
Where your imagination can play and make friends!
Scribbles on Cocktail Napkins
A few thoughts.....
Random meaningful words on a page
by Lize Bard
Poetry, Fiction and Art
Author: Words From An Unlikely Poet and the follow up, Further Thoughts.
Reclaiming my inner badass at 50
Blogging away with random thoughts in form of poetry, stories and more...
Tigers not daughters
The Art of Glamorous Fantasy
Luxuriating in Ephemeral Art
Never get lost in the Sauce
Sriram Janak - Photography
Create a path of Light with your Life
Welcome to my world.
Tales from the mouth of a wolf
Great poets live on the edge of sanity; mediocre ones reside in the suburbs.
visualize whirled peas...all you have to do is stop the violins!
Poets Pub
A gorilla's existential crisis
Author of A Journal for Damned Lovers
AM Roselli's art & writing site
Welcome to the world of cats!
A Vegan Anarchist's Stew
En enkel fotoblogg med bilder och en del konstiga tankar.
.... my journey to a healthy life, making new memories and so much more
Photography Portfolio
Author: The Eternals Series
一枚の写真は一千語に匹敵する/A picture is worth a thousand words


text:
I posted about an Exalted game starting up in Greensboro for every other Sunday on pen and paper games and the site suggested you as a good fit so I thought I would send you a message letting you know.
Exalted is a high fantasy game by White Wolf where you play powerful chosen of the gods who are returning to the world after 1000+ years of your absence and it being ruled by lesser but more numerous chosen. It is set in a fictional world with cultures much resembling those of the Ancient World (i.e. Greece, Rome, Persia, and feudal Japan)
Just email or message me back if interested
Tried to PM and email but was not allowed. Let me know how to reach you.
Hey Balambao,
I run a game in Greensboro and may possibly have an opening. If you are interested in dicussing further, email me at firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
I everyone.
First please excuse my bad english...
I recently download the latest version of ScummVM in here and I got no luck to make it work properly. I have installed The ScummVM prc and the skin.pdb, I have, on my card, created the ScummVM directories for the Mods files and the Games also!
When I start ScummVM, with the Skin.pdb installed it only crash my device! When I start it without that file, it start and let me choose the engine I want but then I got a white screen and it go back to the main screen of my palm!
It is not a memory problem! I have created a CleanStart profile using only ScummVM, UDMH and WarpSpeed!
Can someone help on this?
Thanks in advance!
I had similar problems as you but I found a way to correct it. I use ScummVM 0.11.1 with a Palm TX. It began to crash when I started experimenting with UDMH, UnCache, MemUnfragment, CleanStart and warpSpeed. First, don't even use MemUnfragment, uninstall that, I had problems almost everywhere with this and UDMH.
After a lot of experiments, I am now only using UDMH and UnCache, both still demo versions. In UnCache, I start only UDMH and some other applications I need. I noticed that if I install warpSpeed in addition, ScummVM crash when I click Start or when I come back to Launcher. Maybe you should try uninstalling warpSpeed, soft reset, and try ScummVM. If it crashes again, try UnCache instead of CleanStart. I know that you will be missing overclocking. I don't use that anymore because I am scared to brick my Palm. Anyway, it doesn't bring a really great boost, even with the CPU at 520 MHz. Maybe I am wrong too. Let me know.


text:
Translucent Room Divider System by Dan Forlenza
Materials: Clear anodized aluminum, ribbed twin wall polycarbonate panels
Price Point: $399 to $999
"A modern room divider wall system that is easy to install. These room dividers that act as a stylish privacy screen for small space living. Great if you have a small room, tiny dorm room, small studio, loft, small apartment or small office that needs a temporary privacy screen or room makeover..."
"This screen room divider is a cost effective solution for decorating small spaces and is unlike a folding screen room dividers which tend to fall over. This modular wall panel system uses no fasteners, nails or screws. The room divider frame uses sturdy aluminum bars that extend from floor to ceiling that you just twist to tighten."
Designer: Dan Forlenza
Link: idividewalls.com
Location: New York, NY
Previous Design:
Title Shaded Wall Light by Martin Konrad Gloeckle
• About Design Showcase 2009: This summer we're celebrating the best in design for the home. We're taking submissions from independent and student designers from around the world and letting our readers vote on who they think has the best design. There's also a panel of august judges. Two winners will win $20,000 in targeted advertising placements on our sites to help launch their career. All info is here.


text:
An 8-year-old lawsuit against the United States government for water promised to the Stockton area but only occasionally delivered may be nearing its culmination.
An 8-year-old lawsuit against the United States government for water promised to the Stockton area but only occasionally delivered may be nearing its culmination.
And the battle has grown heated.
Attorneys in Washington, D.C., on Friday will argue whether two Stockton-area water districts are entitled to cash damages after the districts - backed by Stockton ratepayers - built an expensive network of tunnels and canals to take water from New Melones Lake, only to see the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation refuse to turn the spigot.
The Stockton East Water District and Central San Joaquin Water Conservation District collectively ask for $37 million to $42 million in damages, money that could pay for projects to help restore this region's diminished groundwater supply.
The districts signed a contract for New Melones water in 1983 and built the new infrastructure over the next decade. When water was not consistently provided, they sued. They initially lost before the U.S. Court of Federal Claims but won on appeal, and now the case has been sent back to the trial court for consideration of damages.
"We signed, in good faith, a contract with the government. And in bad faith the government didn't honor it," said Paul Sanguinetti, a farmer and Stockton East board member. "As individuals, we're all liable when we sign a contract, but I guess the government isn't? It's just a piece of paper - doesn't mean anything?"
Court papers filed in recent weeks reveal increasing hostility between attorneys on both sides.
In a brief filed Dec. 10, Stockton East attorneys report being "appalled" by the government's "lack of candor" with regard to the facts of the case and go so far as to ask the court to consider "appropriate sanctions."
In its own Dec. 21 filing, the government writes that instead of relying on facts, "Stockton East resorts to inaccurate accusations and self-righteous indignation."
The districts were harmed in several ways by the six-year breach of their contract, according to their attorneys.
Construction of a new pipeline and expansion of the water treatment plant east of the city were delayed. Millions were spent buying backup water from districts on the Stanislaus River. And the lack of additional surface water forced farmers to continue pumping from the ground, undermining the long-term goal of reviving the aquifer.
The government argued that the districts are entitled to zero compensation, claiming:
� The delays in the treatment plant and pipeline were due to lack of funding, not lack of water. (Stockton East counters that the uncertainty caused by the lack of water is what prevented urban agencies from agreeing to pay for those projects.)
� The district agreed to buy water from the Stanislaus River districts in 1997, two years before the contract with the feds was breached. (Stockton East says it had reason to believe as early as 1993 that the feds would not honor the contract.)
� Even if the New Melones water had been made available, it's unclear that any of the farmers east of the city would have spent the money on pumps required to use it. (Stockton East argues the uncertainty over the contract made it difficult to persuade landowners to make that investment.)
Bottom line, Stockton East attorneys wrote: "The idea that Stockton East would build and pay for a $65 million facility knowing that there could be years when that water supply would simply 'vanish' is preposterous."
A U.S. Bureau of Reclamation spokeswoman declined to comment Monday, and U.S. senior trial counsel David A. Harrington did not respond to a voice mail and an email seeking comment.
Attorney Jennifer Spaletta, representing Stockton East, said a decision could come as soon as February. But if damages are awarded, the feds could appeal the case, she said.
Regardless of the money, the lawsuit has already been successful in one way, Sanguinetti said:
Water from New Melones is now being made available.
"It sounds like a lot of money, but the important part of this thing is we're going to end up with a more reliable water supply," he said.
Contact reporter Alex Breitler at (209) 546-8295 or firstname.lastname@example.com/breitlerblog.


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Are your interests and activities consistent with those of the Association; however, you do not hold a Master's degree or higher? If yes, ACA has a membership for you too! As a member of ACA, you will be connected to the most influential organization dedicated to advancing the counseling profession. Membership includes all the discounts, benefits, services and products as the professional counselor.
Chat With Us Now!


text:
Victory over the Swans would cap a remarkable run that has seen the Bantams become the lowest-ranked team since Rochdale in 1962 to make the final of competition. Success in the final would also see Bradford play in the Europa League next season for the first time in club history, something Jones freely admits he never thought would happen.
"I was watching the Europa League and it was Liverpool playing in Russia," Jones told the Daily Mail. "I sat there thinking, 'That could be us next season!' Just imagine playing Inter Milan on the Thursday and Dagenham on the Sunday. It's too unbelievable for words, but that shows you what we have achieved.
"Everyone connected with Bradford City should enjoy this moment. We're all dreaming. Seeing all that claret and amber at Wembley is going to be amazing."
It's been a long journey for the 35-year-old, who started his career as a winger playing for Welsh club Caernarfon Town before moving to Sunday's opponents Swansea.
"Caernarfon was a good grounding, but the standard wasn't the best," Jones said. "I must have done something right, though, because Swansea spotted me and Jan Molby signed me up."
The Englishman still fondly recalls his time at the Vetch Field, the Swans old stomping ground, and is delighted to see the lightning progress his former club have made in recent years.
"It was many, many moons ago, but I do remember the Vetch was a bit of a fortress," Jones said. "The ground was really old-fashioned and there was a prison next door. Not many teams liked going there.
"Swansea have come on in leaps and bounds. They weren't that far off going out of the League at one stage, but now look at them.
"It's nice to see, because it's a lovely city with very passionate supporters. It mirrors Bradford really."


text:
By Sigrun WinklerOn Apr 16, 2018 Resume Examples
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Sigrun Winkler
A former ballet dancer, Cory can recite all the lyrics to Hamilton, enjoys long walks in Brooklyn, and will hug anything with fur.
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