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Insect Pests on Sweetcorn
Cutworms damage a few plants in most gardens every year, but some gardens are so heavily infested as to warrant control by the grower. Bottom land is most frequently the site of damage, although fields that are neither bottom land nor well-drained land commonly have cutworms.
Several cutworm species are involved, but most of the injury is caused by those that feed just above the soil surface or just beneath it. In either case, the top of the plant is severed from its roots, and the larva that did the cutting may usually be found curled up in the soil close to the stub of the cut plant, within two inches of the surface. Most species move from plant to plant on successive nights, while some remain to feed on the roots and underground stem of cut plants.
All cutworms pass the winter as partly to fully grown larvae in the soil or under trash or clumps of grass. They start feeding in the spring, continue growth until early summer, pupate in the soil, and emerge as moths during the summer. The moths are grayish or brown "millers" that are attracted to lights in the spring and summer. Each female lays about 1,000 eggs on the ground or on foliage in grassy or weedy areas; these hatch and the young larvae feed on roots and foliage of grasses and weeds, hibernate, and attack whatever vegetation is present the following spring. The larvae are hairless, plump, soft-bodied caterpillars that vary in color and markings, but all have a voracious appetite.
Cutworm damage can often be avoided by not planting on newly broken sod or on land that was grassy or weedy the previous summer. Gardens with a yearly history of cutworms can be treated with an insecticide before planting.
On sunny days in early spring, many small flies are often seen darting about, hovering, or resting on posts, fences, implements, surface trash, or the ground. These are probably the adults of seed-corn maggots.
Eggs are laid on the soil surface where there is an abundance of decaying vegetable matter. The eggs hatch and the larvae feed and develop at temperatures as low as 40°F. Injury is usually most severe in wet, cold seasons and on land high in organic matter. The larvae feed on many forms of vegetable matter present in the spring, but are most noticeable when corn fails to germinate or produces weak seedlings, due to the maggots feeding in the kernels. Full-grown yellowish-white maggots are about one-fourth inch long, sharply pointed at the head end, legless, and very tough skinned. They move a short distance from the food to pupate. The body wall thickens to form the puparium, which gradually changes from ivory to reddish brown with a metallic luster. Adults emerge about two weeks later. There are several generations a year.
Injury can be avoided by planting late enough to get quick germination of seed, especially if the soil is rich in organic matter. If damage does occur, prompt replanting will usually result in a good stand, because of quicker germination.
This insect is often called the corn budworm, which in South Carolina more accurately describes its habits than the name rootworm. It is not usually found in the roots, and as a rule does not feed on them, as is the case with rootworms found elsewhere. This insect eats directly into the heart or bud of the plant, just above the base of the roots. This causes the bud leaves to wilt and die.
Several insects injure corn seedlings in such a way that suggests a "budworm" caused the damage. Only by pulling up the plant and examining it carefully can the proper diagnosis be made. If the southern corn rootworm is suspected, look on the stalk near the base of the roots for a clean-cut round hole about one thirty-second inch in diameter. No other corn pest makes such a hole. If one is found, cut into the stalk or examine the soil for a thin, soft-bodied, ivory-colored larva with a brown head and a brown disc on the last body segment.
The adult corn rootworm is the familiar spotted cucumber beetle, which overwinters in protected spots, flies about whenever the temperature reaches 65° F or above, and feeds on nearly any growing crop or weed during the early spring. Winter legumes are especially attractive to the beetles. On warm days between January 1 and April 15, eggs are laid in the soil near where the adults have fed. After feeding about two weeks, the larvae pupate in the soil.
The adults are attracted to gardens that have an abundance of certain plants, and generally avoid clean, bare land. The best way to avoid injury is turning under cover crops at least 30 days before planting corn, or keeping gardens free of weeds for 30 to 60 days before planting. This practice largely eliminates the threat of injury by larvae hatching from eggs laid near these other plants. Late planting would also help avoid injury from this insect, but may result in increased damage by other species.
Although several species of wireworms are found in South Carolina vegetable gardens in the spring, only two are serious pests of sweet corn. The tobacco (or corn) wireworm eggs are laid in the summer, hatch into larvae that feed on the roots of a variety of plants, and pass the winter as a larva. When sweet corn is planted in this field the following spring, the wireworms feed on the kernels and cause poor germination and stunted, spindly, sickly plants that often die or are nonproductive. Pupation occurs in the soil, and the new adults, known as "click beetles," emerge during early summer. They may be found hiding in terminal buds of weeds and crop plants, or down in the whorl of young corn. Eggs are laid during June, and the young larvae develop to the second, third, or fourth instar before going deeper in the soil to overwinter.
Damage varies from year to year, but some injury occurs every year. Some years there are widespread outbreaks, then many years may pass without damage being reported.
Sand wireworms overwinter as larvae, but feed on both the kernels and the roots. Plants over two feet high stop growing, turn yellow, wilt on hot days, and die. During this period they are easily pulled out of the ground, because most of the roots have been severed. Over two dozen sand wireworms may be found per hill of corn in a field heavily infested. Surviving plants do not yield normally. Pupation occurs during May, eggs are laid from June 15 to July 15, and the tiny larvae feed for a while on the roots of various plants but cause no damage to the mature crops.
Corn leaf aphids on sweet corn are generally of minor importance in South Carolina. Occasionally conditions will favor the buildup of aphid populations over part of a field. The population peak usually occurs soon after tassel formation. Aphid feeding results in stunted and deformed tassels, development of black mold on the honeydew on the leaves and silk, and poor pollination and grain development. Parasites and predators become established about this time and the population rapidly falls off.
Some varieties of corn are more susceptible than others to leaf aphids.
The corn flea beetle has a black oval-shaped body, tinged with bronze or bluish green. They overwinter in litter and trash around fields. In early spring, beetles are active on weeds and then move to corn seedlings during May and June. Infestations are more severe when a cold spring follows a mild winter.
Adult beetles leave numerous, small, circular feeding holes and bleached out spots or stripes on the corn leaves. Such direct feeding is insignificant, unless large numbers of beetles attack slow growing corn, especially during a cold spring.
This is the most common of the sweet corn insects, being found in all areas of South Carolina. Infestations are generally uniform throughout the state. In untreated plots, up to 90 percent of the ears can be expected to show feeding signs.
Eggs are laid on the leaves when the plants are small. The larvae go down into the whorl to feed, and by the time this injury is first seen, most of the damage has been done and the worms are covered by a plug of frass which protects them from parasites and insecticides. Injury to the foliage occurs before tasseling. The corn leaves are ragged when they grow out, but this damage usually does not seriously affect the crop. Late-planted corn is likely to be severely damaged, for the egg-laying adults become more numerous as the season progresses.
The new generation of moths lay eggs on fresh corn silk as it appears. Usually several eggs are laid on the silk of each ear, but only one worm reaches maturity, due to parasites, predators, and cannibalism. Damage to sweet corn is more severe than to field corn, which usually has only the kernels at the tip of the ear eaten. Ears having tight husks extending well beyond the tip of the ear are least injured, since feeding may be completed in the silk channel. Larvae cut a small hole at the side of the ear, through which they emerge. They drop to the ground and pupate beneath the soil surface.
All of the damage caused by corn earworms is not direct. The indirect damage occurs when other insects and disease organisms use the earworm holes as entrance sites. The resulting damage often exceeds that caused by the earworm.
The moths have a wingspan of about 1 1/2 inches. They vary in color, but are usually light tan-brown, marked with dark-gray irregular lines and a dark area near the tip of the wing. Hind wings are light tan with a dark band near the margin. Moths are often found in the daytime resting in the whorl of young corn or at the base of the leaves of older corn. Each female may lay from 1,000 to 3,000 eggs. Larvae vary in color from a light green or pink to nearly black, though most individuals are brownish-green. Usually alternating light and dark stripes run the length of the body. The eyes are yellowish orange with an inverted "Y" between them. Mature larvae are about 1 1/2 inches long.
This insect is present during most years, but occasionally the fall armyworm is extremely numerous. The larva feeds on corn foliage, stalks, and ears, entering the base of the ears, feeding along the sides of the ears, and even tunneling into the cob. It usually emerges near the base of the ears, leaving round holes three-sixteenth inch in diameter in the shucks.
This insect, unable to overwinter in South Carolina, must fly here from much farther south. When moths emerge from the ground, they fly a considerable distance before laying eggs. Gardens covered with grass are chosen, and the larvae consume great quantities of food. If the appetite of the worms is still unsatisfied when all grass has been eaten, they start to eat the crop. After the crop is consumed, they mass together and crawl or "march'" in search of other crops. When mature, they enter the soil to pupate, seeming to disappear suddenly. The moths emerge about two weeks later and fly off to plague another section of the country.
Because South Carolina sweet corn is usually mature by the time this pest arrives in great numbers, it is not injured. However, if corn is planted late, or the insects come early, they catch the corn at or just before the milk stage and cause severe damage. The leaves may be stripped from the stalk and the ears so thoroughly damaged that no corn is harvested. Cold wet weather in the spring favors insect development and suppresses its parasites and predators. Furthermore, gardens are usually grassier in cold, wet years and thus attract the moths for egg laying.
The adult fall armyworm is a moth about 1 1/2 inches across the wings. The forewings are dull, mottled, brownish-gray, while the hind wings are pinkish-white edged with a smoky-brown line. The dark-eyed larva is about 1 1/2 inches long when mature. It is variable in color from light brown to nearly black, and has several narrow lines down the back and sides. It feeds during the daytime, in contrast to larvae of related species which leave the plant to hide, coming back to feed at night.
A telltale sign of injury from European corn borers appears as broken tassels caused by the borers feeding in the tassel stems. Much frass is pushed out of the burrows. Later in the season its presence is indicated by small round holes at any location on the stalk. In either case, the point of entrance is usually marked by a protruding mass of white frass that accumulates at the base of the leaves. The tunneling within the stalks weakens them so that plants break over. Feeding on the shank of the ear causes it to fall to the ground. The larvae also feed on the developing kernels or tunnel into the cobs.
The adults are strong-flying moths with yellowish-brown wings marked with wavy dark lines. Eggs are laid in groups on corn leaves, and the young larvae of the first generation feed on foliage before boring into the stalk. The larvae are flesh-colored, inconspicuously spotted caterpillars, about one-half to one inch long. There are about three generations a year in South Carolina. The winter is passed as fully-grown larvae in the stems where they have been feeding, especially those close to the ground. Pupation occurs in the burrows. Destroying the crop stubble by tillage eliminates this overwintering site and aids in control.
This is the most common of several species of small, flat, brown and black sap beetles that are present in most corn fields.
Adult beetles are first noticed at about the time tassels appear on the earliest sweet corn. They invade corn borer tunnels and feed on frass. They also feed on the pollen as it ripens on the tassels and later as it lodges in the leaf axils. Mating and egg laying begin when females are five to six days old. Eggs are deposited on worm frass and wet accumulation of pollen, which are suitable for larval development if these sites remain moist for ten to fourteen days.
Sap beetle activity continues to increase as the corn matures, and adults usually invade the ear when the silks begin to turn brown. The majority of eggs are laid on worm frass at the ear tip or scattered through the silk strands. The milky white eggs resemble tiny kernels of rice, about 1/16 inch long. The larva is a yellowish or pinkish-white grub (about 1/4 inch long) with a translucent spiny body and three pairs of short legs near its head. As the larvae hatch, they move deeper into the ear where they penetrate and hollow out the developing kernels.
Sap beetle problems are more severe during June and early July, particularly if corn is damaged by other pests. Ears injured by corn borers or corn earworms attract sap beetles more than ears with no previous injury; however, beetles can enter and severely damage ears that have no previous injury. Bird-damaged ears often are infested with sap beetles.
Japanese beetles often feed on the silking ears of sweet corn from mid-June through July. They cut off the fresh silks and sometimes expose the ear tip to other insects, such as sap beetles. Silk feeding can interfere with pollination if the beetles feed continuously for five to six days after the fresh silks emerge from the ear tip. Infestations usually are limited to scattered "hot spots" rather than distributed uniformly in the field.
Consider cultural control methods for cutworms, seed-corn maggots, and corn rootworms as outlined in the discussion of these pests. Common vegetable garden insecticides will adequately control caterpillars such as corn earworms and European corn borers as well as the beetles (flea beetles, Japanese beetles, etc.). You will need a different type material for aphid control. Sweet corn plants can sustain heavy whorl (foliage) feeding prior to tasseling without much loss in yield. For insect-free ears, however, routine sprays on the developing ears and silk are necessary. Follow pesticide label directions closely to avoid killing beneficial insects like honeybees that are highly attracted to the pollen.
Check with your local County Extension Agent for specific insecticide recommendations.
Prepared by Randall P. Griffin, Extension Entomologist/ Professor, Department of Entomology, Soils, and Plant Sciences, Clemson University.
This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied. Brand names of pesticides are given as a convenience and are neither an endorsement nor guarantee of the product nor a suggestion that similar products are not effective. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed.
The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. Clemson University Cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture and South Carolina Counties. Issued in Furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914.


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Today is the first individual time trial day in the Tour de France so we're looking at some of the bikes that the leading contenders will be riding as they attempt to put seconds into their opponents, or at least limit their losses, before hitting the Alps on Wednesday.
Team Radioshack (Radioshack Nissan Trek for long), which includes time trial ace Fabian Cancellara, are on Trek Speed Concepts. We've written about this bike plenty in the past, including a piece on Spartacus's bike last week.
To trigger your memory, it's the bike that uses Trek's Kammtail Virtual Foil (KVF) tube profiles – designed with a 5:1 depth to width ratio but with a truncated rear end. The idea is that the air behaves almost as if the tail was still there to keep the drag ultra-low, but allowing Trek to stick within the equipment rules set by the UCI (cycle racing's world governing body).
Check out the skinniness of the fork blades and the seatpost which keep the frontal area that hits the wind as small as possible. Trek integrate the front brake into the fork to the extent that you can hardly see it in this picture, while the back brake is sheltered behind the bottom bracket.
The computer sensor is incorporated into the left hand chainstay, sitting flush with it, and about the only thing on the bike not designed specifically with aerodynamics in mind is plate on the stem. It features a pair of dice that add up to seven – which Cancellara reckons is his lucky number.
Tour leader Bradley Wiggins will be attempting to put time into his rivals on a Pinarello Graal – this bike belongs to loyal lieutenant Richie Porte. That curved seat tube design to manage the airflow over the rear wheel has become universal on top end time trial bikes although, if we're looking for unusual characteristics, there aren't many that still use an external, threaded bottom bracket. Nearly all go for a press-fit type these days for increased stiffness.
Pinarello don't integrate the front brake into the fork like some manufacturers although they do position it around the back of the legs so it doesn't hit the air head on. They also go for a direct mount brake from TRP that tucks in there nicely.
They hide the battery neatly inside the chainstay too. Although Team Sky are sponsored by Shimano, we're pretty sure those are HED wheels on Richie Porte's bike – a Stinger S9 and a Stinger Disc – hence the lack of graphics. And that's an O.Symetric chainring on there; Wiggins uses the same. Again, O.Symetric aren't a team sponsor so the logos have been removed.
Russia's Team Katusha have switched from Focus to Canyon this year. The highest placed team rider is Denis Menchov who is currently fourth, just 54secs behind Wiggins. Menchov finished the Prologue in eighth position.
This is the Canyon Speedmax CF Evo bike belonging to Italian rider Giampaolo Caruso. We've told you about this bike before when Canyon announced it to the world. It'll be in the lineup for 2013 with prices starting at around €4,000. Naturally enough, Canyon reckon the design is faster, lighter and stiffer than their current Speedmax offerings.
Canyon make extensive use of what they call Trident tube profiles on the Speedmax CF Evo. The tubes have curved leading edges and angular, chopped off tails – which sounds similar to Trek's KVF design but it's actually a quite different shape.
The various elements of the front end are amazingly well integrated with the stem (if you can still call that a stem) blending into the top tube. Canyon's own centre-pull brakes are recessed into the back of the fork crown with a plate over the top so they're hidden.
It's just the brake shoes/blocks that extend out into the path of the wind. The rear brake gets a similar arrangement behind the underside of the bottom bracket.
Katusha use a Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 groupset with the battery hidden away inside the frame. Canyon won't be offering any versions of this bike with cable-operated gears – it'll be Di2 only, although you will get the choice of either Dura-Ace or Ultegra.
Look closely and you'll see the grip tape on the nose of the saddle to stop Caruso edging forward. That's going to wreak havoc on his shorts.
Liquigas are on the new 2013 Cannondale Slices. This is the bike belonging to Peter Sagan, the Slovak rider who has won three of the first eight road stages so far in this year's Tour. Of course, the Liquigas rider competing for top honours in the general classification is Italy's Vincenzo Nibali who is currently duking it out with Wiggins and Evans in the top three.
Like Katusha's Canyon Speedmax Evo, this is a new bike that'll be available to buy in the 2013 product year. The previous Slice was overdue an update and the Cannondale designers have been busy incorporating many new features. Essentially, it's a complete redesign.
Most notably, there's that front end which features an external fork steerer and a stem that flows neatly into the top tube for slippery aerodynamics. The cables run internally, heading inside through a cap in the top of the stem.
The other major change is around the seat tube/top tube junction. Rather than extending out around the rear wheel and heading back in towards the seat post clamp like the Cervélo P5 (see below), the Cannondale engineers have effectively extended the top tube backwards and brought it back in towards the seatstay junction. The idea, as ever, is to reduce drag. The N.Aero-Tec Post that fits in there falls easily within the UCI's rules on dimensions.
Liquigas use Vision bars. That's grip tape that Sagan has on both the base bar and the extensions to avoid slipping.
The groupset is SRAM Red although the brake callipers are designed especially for the Slice. As you can see, the front brake sits behind the fork legs while the rear brake is another that lives just behind the bottom bracket.
We've already featured the Cervélo P5s that Team Garmin-Sharp ride in time trials so check out that story for all the details on this bike. In fact, the P5 must have had more column inches on Road.cc than any other bike out there since we went to the launch back in January. Ryder Hesjedal's win in the Giro certainly helped the bike's cause.
Finally, this is a Giant Trinity Advanced SL belonging to Rabobank. Rabobank aren't making much of an impact in the overall classification with their highest placed rider being Bauke Mollema in 37th place, and this is his bike. Mollema was also the highest placed Rabobank rider in the Prologue finishing in 28th place. We can't see Rabobank making too much of an impact in today's individual time trial although that doesn't detract from the fact that these are excellent bikes.
Like many of the other brands, Giant meld everything together at the front end and they've gone for one of the deepest head tubes in the business. That brake is a cam-operated single pivot option.
Rabobank use Shimano Dura-Ace Di2 shifting on their TT bikes, one of the big benefits over a cable-operated setup being that they can have multiple shift points. That means they can change gear from the aero bar extensions as usual but also from the base bar when riding out of the saddle.
Mat has worked for loads of bike magazines over 20+ years, and been editor of 220 Triathlon and Cycling Plus. He's been road.cc technical editor for eight years, testing bikes, fettling the latest kit, and trying out the most up-to-the-minute clothing. We send him off around the world to get all the news from launches and shows too. He has won his category in Ironman UK 70.3 and finished on the podium in both marathons he has run. Mat is a Cambridge graduate who did a post-grad in magazine journalism, and he is a past winner of the Cycling Media Award for Specialist Online Writer.

subset: commoncrawl


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May 30, 1946 - August 23, 2013
Lake Julian, NC - Formerly of Walden, NY
John Howard Harrington, a former 15 year resident of Walden, NY, passed away Friday, August 23rd at his home in Lake Julian, NC. He was 67.
The son of the late John and Marion Harrington, he was born May 30, 1946 in Oneonta, NY.
John proudly served as a helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War where he was decorated with two Distinguished Flying Crosses and a Purple Heart. He also served 21 years in the New York State Police as a helicopter pilot. John loved fast cars, especially Corvettes, and was an avid runner and weight lifter for many years.
Survivors include his wife of 28 years, Harriet; his sister, Debbie and her husband, Jim; his sons, John and his wife, Karen; Marc and his wife, Jana; Patrick and his wife, Krista; son, Benjamin; daughter, Jessica; step daughter, Viktoria; and ten grandchildren.
There will be a private service at the West Oneonta Cemetery.
Arrangements were made by the Groce Funeral Home of Lake Julian, NC.


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You and I must be born again.
"Except a man be born again he cannot see the Kingdom of God." John 3:3
You and I are sinners.
"For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God." Romans 3:23
Our penalty for sin is death.
"For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life through our Lord Jesus Christ." Romans 6:23
Our penalty for sin was paid by Jesus Christ.
"But God commendeth His love toward us, in that while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us." Romans 5:8
We must repent of sin, then confess and trust Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior.
"That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised Him from the dead, thou shalt be saved…for whosoever shall call the name of the Lord shall be saved." Romans 10:9,13
We can be sure of salvation.
"Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God… These things have I written unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God; that ye may know that ye have eternal life." I John 5:1,13
After we have God's salvation, we need to publicly confess by baptism.
"Then they that gladly received His Word were baptized…" Acts 2:41


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so i haven't had many posts on here so i am hoping this will make up for something
so i haven't had many posts on here so i am hoping this will make up for something
Red Blazer stock on black 18s
Brakes are in!!!
sweet big brakes rock:boink:
84 s10 X-cab,5.7/700r4,c5 wagonwheels;)
88 s15 350/350,3800 under reconstruction:D
96 z28 5.7,m6 a few things done:boink:
95 z28,6.0,t400,4000stall +more:nono:
yeah, i just can't wait to get on the road with them
Red Blazer stock on black 18s
Brakes are in!!!
yep it will work i am running corvette ssbc brakes on mine
pic's of what my blazer used to be
custom parts are built not bought
When its done, you'll wish it was yours.
Do you mind if I ask how much that cost you?
Women come and go but you can rely on a truck.
Front setup, ZO6 14" zinc washed rotors, 6 piston red calipers, Bell Tech 2102 dropped spindles, Blazer hubs w/ abs sensors, zinc coated front adapter brackets, braided SS line set (DOT legal)
Rear setup, Z06 13" zinc washed rotors, 4 piston red calipers, zinc coated rear adapter brackets, braided SS line set (DOT legal), axle lines, and all hardware needed to install $3500
plus ceramic pads $250
Red Blazer stock on black 18s
Brakes are in!!!
Would the same set up work on a 4x4 or AWD? I don't know if the interchange.
For with God nothing shall be impossible. Luke 1:37
$3500 on brakes and you got your truck on cinder blocks and wood. :D
Those do look badass, good job. I might have to do something like that for the TY.
TRUCK WHORE '84 tahoe blazer, '89 blazer, '92 blazer 4dr, '93 s10, '93 GMC Typhoon, '94 blazer, '02 blazer xtreme, '03 s10 xcab, & now '91 4dr blazer
will this work on a 98 s10 pickup??? i will have to swap out the front spindels for blazer spindels and buy a set of hubs i take it..right? were did you get all the parts?
if you have a 4x4 you can run this kit http://cbrperformance.com/typhoon.php?Category=Typhoon
I have the ls1 brakes upfront and I have the rears waiting to go on(waiting for a ebrake bracket) I have less than $600 in the whole setup, including the converison brackets.
i got the whole setup from a guy named ed miller. he custom made adapter brackets for the front and rear. he also shaved alittle of the calipers and spindles. i am also waiting on my ebrake bracket.
this will not work on 4x4s. you might want to check on awd kits.
these brakes will not work with s10 drop spindles, but they may with regular s10 spindles. you will have to get a bracket and do some cutting for them to fit up.
You are going to pay around the same for any other kit made for s10s but the ones around this price are only 4 piston fronts and 2 piston rear. If i ever want to upgrade, i now have a much larger range of options. I can just use any corvette calipers with alittle modifying.
i am sure that this can be done cheaper, but i didn't know what i was getting into so i just payed someone to do it for me.
I know that you can use ats g-body spindles. www.t56kit.com they are a tall spindle though and will create more of a camber change than regular spindles. they are also only 1 inch drop, but they come with improved hubs to prevent bumpsteer.
Last edited by redxtrmeblazer; 08-07-2007 at 06:34 PM.
Red Blazer stock on black 18s
Brakes are in!!!
actually they do work with 4x4's, but it is not a direct bolt up it takes some work. its been done several times before
pic's of what my blazer used to be
custom parts are built not bought
When its done, you'll wish it was yours.
well it is not a direct bolt up for any of them. the only thing that is direct is the rotors.
i know that there is not enough room for these to work on s10 drop spindles. so there should be enough on the 4x4.
i didn't read all the way through my post, i just ment that this bracket wouldn't work for the 4x4
Red Blazer stock on black 18s
Brakes are in!!!


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Vanguard senior Raheem Freeman turned the "Battle of the Northside," into a rout.
Vanguard senior Raheem Freeman turned the "Battle of the Northside," into a rout.
Freeman finished with 28 points and helped the Knights outscore the Colts 30-13 over a span of 10 minutes and 12 seconds that overlapped the middle quarters, on their way to an 81-65 win on Friday night at the VHS Gym.
Vanguard (9-9) made 18-of-25 shots over the second quarter and finished 31-of-50 for the game, as it rallied from an eight-point first quarter deficit.
The Knights saw the Colts make 9-of-11 shots to start the game, but held the visitors to a 15-of-55 mark the rest of the way.
"After the first quarter, we made some adjustments and our guys really did a nice job of establishing a defensive presence," Knights coach Phillip Small said. "I thought we played very well on defense and our guys gave a great effort."
The Knights avenged a 77-70 overtime loss to the Colts, which occured on January 10 in Sparr.
This time around, Vanguard outrebounded North Marion 39-19 and made 16-of-19 free throws.
"It's always a crazy game when we played North Marion," said Small, whose team turned the ball over 28 times, but wasn't hurt by very many of the miscues. "You never know what's going to happen in this game, but we were able to come out and pick up a good win tonight."
Freeman made 12-of-14 shots and continued a recent dominant stretch where he has averaged well over 20 points per game.
"He's been fabulous," Small said. "He's really bought in and is playing the way that a senior should at this time of the year."
Freeman, Evans Moreau and Tony Tyler combined to make 19-of-23 shots over the first three quarters, as the Knights built a 64-46 lead.
Vanguard led 43-37 at halftime after Freeman, who scored 14 points during the first half, helped close the second quarter with five points during a 9-4 spurt.
From there, Freeman scored eight points during a 10-2 burst, as the Knights built a 14-point advantage with 5:53 left in the third.
The Colts, meanwhile, couldn't get anything going on offense, during the third.
They made just 2-of-16 shots during the quarter, which came one quarter after they were outrebounded 12-1 by VHS.
Freeman ended the quarter with 10 points on perfect 5-of-5 shooting, as the Knights made 10-of-14 shots and held a 14-3 rebounding edge.
Tyler (14 points, six rebounds, 4-of-4 shooting), Moreau (14 points), Othniel Shelton (eight rebounds), Shon'Dre Dukes (eight rebounds) and Thys Adams (eight points) backed Freeman in the win.
Freddy Goins, Naquan Stokes and Keishon Davis scored 12 points each to pace North Marion.
Theryon Sampson and Zachary Collins added nine points each for the Colts, who missed 13-of-15 shots from beyond the arc, after making their first two.


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WORCESTER � Officials at Worcester Polytechnic Institute are looking into anonymous allegations of sexual assault and humiliation posted on a Facebook page called WPI Confessions.
The university has not yet been able to find the alleged victims or perpetrators, Dean of Students Philip N. Clay said in a telephone interview. He was not sure whether officials know the identity of the Facebook page administrator. The administrator did not immediately respond to a Facebook message from the Telegram & Gazette.
Three anonymous posts to the WPI Confessions Facebook site in February described instances of women having consensual sex with an unnamed fraternity member at an unnamed fraternity and then having ice, water or pudding thrown on them by fraternity brothers who entered the room. At least twice, the man they had slept with was involved, too.
"The guy I slept with said 'HAHA GOT YOU (expletive)!' and they high-fived each other while making rude comments," one post said. "That was the most humiliating, degrading moment of my life."
On March 3, WPI interim President Philip B. Ryan sent a letter to the campus community signed by him and student leaders, including the presidents of WPI's Interfraternity Council and Panhellenic Council, saying, "WPI in no way endorses or condones such hateful and inappropriate behaviors or comments." The letter also thanks students who encouraged the alleged victims to report the incident and seek help.
In addition, the letter asks the campus for help with the investigation. It refers students to campus police, the Student Development and Counseling Center, the Title IX coordinator and the office of the dean of students if they have information about the incident or need help.
"We fully expect to have broader discussions of these topics during the spring semester," the letter states.
Approximately 1,450, or 36 percent, of WPI's 4,012 undergraduates belong to fraternities or sororities.
Along with Clark University, the College of the Holy Cross and Assumption College, WPI is sharing an approximately $500,000 grant from the U.S. Department of Justice to reduce sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence and stalking on campus, Mr. Clay said. Mr. Ryan's letter to campus notes that WPI's Sexual Assault and Violence Education committee is holding two events in the spring.
College "confessions" websites and social media pages are common but are separate from the colleges themselves. There are three of them for WPI alone, and the WPI Confessions page in question is not the one with the most "likes." Similar sites exist for Clark, MCPHS University and Fitchburg State University.
The posts range from the disturbing to the humorous, such as #1067: "I think I'm falling for a robot."
The site's anonymity means that the investigation has "been very slow going," despite college officials' work with Greek system leaders, Mr. Clay said. College staffers don't regularly trawl social media sites, but they respond if they come across something or if students bring it to their attention, he said. "That's typically where we get most of our information," he said.
WPI is not the only institution struggling to follow up on anonymous online allegations. Last week, Inside Higher Ed published an article about related issues at Johns Hopkins University and Dartmouth College.
Contact Jacqueline Reis via email at email@example.com. Follow her on Twitter @JackieReisTG


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Free shipping in the USA (lower 48) when your order is over $89 (excluding gift certificates and sales tax, if applicable).
In Stock. Please note there are 308 copies available for shipment. More will be printed as needed.This casket of gems contains sixteen of the all-time greatest marches ever written, all of them by the ?ǣMarch King?ǥ himself, John Philip Sousa. The enlarged edition (the condensed score book is 9?ǥ x 12?ǥ and the parts are oblong 12?ǥ x 9?ǥ) contains all the original Sousa Marches published by Carl Fischer. The music has not been edited in any way, only enlarged for concert use. The superb marches are perfect for contest/festival warmups, for community bands or for any occasion the demands the most rousing tunes in the repertoire. This collection of Sousa tunes is an exceptional value from any standpoint. The New Sousa?��s Favorite Marches books include: The Beau Ideal, The Belle of Chicago, The Corcoran Cadets, The Crusader, Semper Fidelis, Washington Post, The Thunderer and much more ?�� 16 in all! Here is a listing of related products.
� 2018 Music44. All rights reserved.


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Caterpillar uncovered "deliberate, multi-year, coordinated accounting misconduct" at a subsidiary of a Chinese company it acquired last summer, leading it to write off most of the value of the deal and wiping out more than half its expected earnings for the fourth quarter of 2012.
Caterpillar, the world's largest maker of tractors and excavators, said on Friday it would take a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $580 million, or $0.87 per share, in the quarter.
"It came as a complete surprise to us," the former board member said of the fraud, speaking on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the situation. "It was presented to us as a pretty straightforward transaction. It's a shame. It should have been investigated further."
The source said the driving force behind the deal was Ed Rapp, the former Caterpillar chief financial officer who now serves as a group president with responsibility for China, among other operations. The source said it was Rapp who presented the deal to the board and pushed for its completion.
A Caterpillar spokesman declined to comment on Rapp's role in the deal. Rapp could not be immediately located for comment.
Caterpillar (CAT : NYSE : US$97.72), Net Change: 0.10, % Change: 0.10%, Volume: 8,261,110


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We speak with Victoria Houston about her new novel Dead Insider, the 13th book in her bestselling Loon Lake mystery series. It has been called Fargo meets Murder She Wrote in the North Woods of Wisconsin. She is also the author of a number of non-fiction books, including Loving a Younger Man.
We also chat with David McRaney about his new book You Are Now Less Dumb. He is also the author of the bestseller You Are Not So Smart, which grew out of his blog of the same name.
Privacy Statement
© KFAI, 1808 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN 55454 Tel: 612-341-3144


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4. BeOS
Many who read OSNews regularly probably know that both Eugenia and I have a special place in our hearts for the BeOS. We loved it because it was all-new, fresh, and came with a feature set that other operating systems could only dream of - and a whole set of features that shined due to their absence. Sadly, as we all know, Be, Inc. died due to a combination of business blunders and market circumstances, leaving us BeOS fans in the cold. The BeOS withered away into irrelevance - only open sourcing BeOS could drag it out of it.
So, why isn't the BeOS number one? Because of Haiku. The project is making massive strides forward, and the first alpha release creeps ever closer. Releasing the BeOS source code under a MIT license won't be nearly as useful as it would've been 5 years ago, but might still help the Haiku project.
3. SkyOS
SkyOS is a massive undertaking, especially taking into account it is mostly written by one man: Robert Szeleney. It started out as a bootloader, but moved away from its roots, turning into an actual operating system, and as the years passed by, the project got ever more ambitious. I've personally dealt with the 2.x, 3.x, and 4.x branches, as well as the current test releases, and the progress made is just staggering.
Still, the project appears to be stuck in a perpetual state of 'testing'. This is of course the team's prerogative, but it does negatively affect the perception of the project among operating system enthusiasts. While the discussion surrounding SkyOS and open source has always evoked strong emotions, there are, of course, undeniable positive aspects to such a move.
I used be a strong supporter of the closed source nature of SkyOS, but in recent years my position swung to the other side due to an apparent lack of focus and the absence of a release. SkyOS is a great project, with an enthusiastic community, but I think it could be even better.
Just like the BeOS, QNX has a special place in my heart. I used this operating system extensively, and always appreciated how well-structured, stable, clean, and elegant it was. Sadly, QNX Software Systems didn't care about the three men and a cow who ran QNX as their desktop operating system, and did whatever they thought made business sense: focus on where the money is. It meant the end of the already fragile desktop movement around the QNX operating system.
In September 2007, QSS "opened" the source code behind QNX, but the construction around it is rather messy and is not truly open. As a result, it does not appear as if the desktop movement around QNX is gaining steam again.
Which is a sad thing, as there is so much potential in QNX.
1. AmigaOS4
AmigaOS4 - the untouchable operating system. It is done, it is out there, but in order to run it you either need to buy some classic Amiga with an upgrade board, or buy a modern AmigaOne - the latter might prove to be rather problematic since only three were built, and those who bought those three cling on to them for dear life. In any case, for mere mortals, running AmigaOS4 is nearly impossible.
This is because the AmigaOS is clinging onto an architecture that is increasingly difficult to produce or buy desktop machines for. The PowerPC architecture is quite alive, but not where it matters for the AmigaOS: the desktop (or laptop) market. The end result is that the AmigaOS is probably the most-praised operating system no one can actually run.
Nobody is making any true profits off AmigaOS4. It needs to be open sourced so that the enthusiast community can do what every other sensible company would have already done ages ago: port AmigaOS4 to the x86 architecture. "Just smell some roses already," Rube told Georgia. I would like to say the same to the companies behind the AmigaOS: stop suing each other, and allow the world to enjoy your once revolutionary operating system. The MIT license is waiting for you.
What are your picks?


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Ideology/Single-Issue: Background
This sector is made up of a diverse crowd of organizations that are primarily partisan or focus on a single-issue area such as abortion, the environment, gun rights or foreign policy. Many of these groups -- the National Rifle Association, EMILY's List -- are well known and capable of launching high-profile media campaigns to mobilize their members.
Campaign contributions from this sector have exponentially increased during the past two decades -- by a factor of more than 30. During the 1990 election cycle, contributions from individuals and political action committees associated with single-issue groups totaled $27.6 million. By the 2008 election cycle, the total was $304.8 million. One reason for this dramatic increase is the proliferation of leadership PACs -- political action committees associated with a politician that contributes to other like-minded candidates.
The sector was very influential during the 2008 presidential campaign. Barack Obama received $23.5 million from the sector, and John McCain received $10.1 million.
The sector has tended to lean Democratic, with 60 percent of all contributions in the past two decades going to Democrats.
On the federal lobbying front, the sector's expenditures have gradually and steadily increased in the last decade from $67 million in 1999 to $156 million in 2009, with the human rights and environmental groups making up nearly half.
The sector's influence is further enhanced by millions of dollars in independent expenditures.
-- Steve Spires
Updated June 2010
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics.


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CAMP December Newsletter: Page 6
High Strength HISC-Resistant Bolt Materials for Seawater/Cathodic Protection Service
Cathodic protection is often used to inhibit the corrosion of metals used in seawater environments. Unfortunately, this process produces hydrogen which diffuses into the metal and causes hydrogen embrittlement.
Graduate student Josiah Jebaraj performs hydrogen permeation experiments.
CAMP Professors Daryush Aidun, Ian Suni, and David Morrison along with graduate students Marissa LaCoursiere and Josiah Jebaraj have initiated a research project to develop high strength bolt materials that resist hydrogen-induced stress cracking (HISC) when subjected to a cathodic potential in a seawater environment. The project is sponsored by General Electric Oil & Gas / Vetco Gray.
The group has completed the first round of testing which consisted of experiments to validate their experimental systems. The tests were accomplished on 4340 steel, an alloy that has been shown to be susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement when heat treated to a high strength condition. The group performed hydrogen permeation experiments using the Devanathan-Stachursky method and determined the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in 4340 steel using multiple methods. Mechanical property characterizations were accomplished by performing slow strain rate tests at a strain rate of 1x10-6 s-1. Control environment tests were performed in deionized (DI) water at 4°C without a cathodic potential, and service environment tests were performed in simulated ocean water at 4°C with a cathodic potential of -1100 mv. Figure 2 shows that annealed 4340 steel exhibited a small loss of ductility in the simulated ocean environment, but the hardened alloy was severely embrittled when subjected to the simulated ocean environment.
Figure 2. Slow strain rate tests on annealed and hardened 4340 steel.
All of the experiments provided a positive validation of the experimental systems and methods. The group will now investigate alloys that possess chemical and microstructural characteristics that are expected to lead to enhanced resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.


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Watermelon Hill
In the 1950s and '60s, Kansas City was a heavily segregated town. African-Americans were limited even in which city facilities they could use. For instance, black citizens were permitted to have picnics at just one spot in the city's parks system: at Shelter No. 5 in Swope Park, widely known as "Watermelon Hill."
Local historian Joelouis Mattox discusses this era in the city's racial past.


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red and black colour combination designer suit with duptta
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By SLAC
Spring Break is here at last. Unfortunately, semesters don't always end when a college student's vacation begins. Learning to keep up with academic work while enjoying your time off is an essential skill for college life and beyond!
Make a plan. Since your brain is still in college mode, take advantage of it. Put what you have to get done and related deadlines on a calendar. Make a schedule to be sure you study some each day and more on days you aren't actively involved in extracurricular fun. Creating a plan now will prevent stress later and keep you from completely losing the rhythm of academic life. Continue reading


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Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Natural Sciences
(on leave for 2017-18 academic year)
82 Federal Street - 203
Savannah Sparrow Ecology and Evolution
Tropical Ecology and Conservation
Plant-Animal Interactions
Temperate and Boreal Island Biology
Nature Moments is a weekly series of short videos designed to introduce common plants and animals and interesting ecological concepts, no matter where you live. All are being filmed at different seasons in Nat's backyard and elsewhere in Brunswick, Maine.
Wheelwright, N.T., and B. Heinrich. 2017. The Naturalist's Notebook: An Observation Guide and 5-Year Calendar-Journal for Tracking Changes in the Natural World Around You. Storey Publishing, North Adams, Mass.
Wheelwright, N.T., and N.M. Nadkarni (editors). 2014. Monteverde: ecología y conservación de un bosque nuboso tropical. Bowdoin Scholars' Bookshelf. Book 3. 862 pp.
Nadkarni, N.M., and N.T. Wheelwright (editors). 2000. Monteverde: Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest. Oxford University Press. 573pp. (also: Bowdoin Scholars' Bookshelf. Book 1. http://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/scholars-bookshelf/1)
Nathaniel T. Wheelwright is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of Natural Sciences in the Department of Biology at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. He earned his B.S. in Biology from Yale University (1975) and a Ph.D. in Zoology from the University of Washington (1982).
Following a Carr Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Florida (1982-1984) and a Visiting Assistant Professorship at Cornell University (1984-1986), he joined the faculty at Bowdoin College. As Director of the Bowdoin Scientific Station on Kent Island, New Brunswick (1987-2004), he established a long-term, on-going study of the population biology and behavioral ecology of Savannah sparrows and tree swallows and the pollination biology of island plants. His dissertation research on seed dispersal by fruit-eating birds in Costa Rica has led to long-term investigations of the reproductive ecology of tropical trees and the publication with Nalini Nadkarni of Monteverde: Ecology and Conservation of a Tropical Cloud Forest (Oxford University Press, 2000) and Monteverde: ecología y conservación de un bosque nuboso tropical (Bowdoin Scholars' Bookshelf, Book 3, 2014).
With support from the Fulbright Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and Bowdoin College, he has taught and conducted research while living with his family in Spain, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Botswana, Ecuador, and New Zealand.
Since 1979 I have been studying interactions between fruit-eating birds and the tropical plants whose seeds they disperse in Monteverde, Costa Rica. That project has expanded to include investigations of sex expression, population genetic structure, phenology, photosynthesis, stable isotopes as markers of seasonal cycles, and lifetime reproduction in a group of tree species in the family Lauraceae. The work of more than 120 biologists working in Monteverde was synthesized in a book published in 2000 by Oxford University Press.
In 1986 I began a long-term study of Savannah Sparrows on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada, site of the Bowdoin Scientific Station. Our work on sparrows deals with the avoidance of inbreeding, the acquisition of song, incubation rhythms of experienced and inexperienced birds, post-fledging parental care, and mate choice. Most recently, with support from a National Science Foundation OPUS award, I have been collaborating with Erik Postma (Netherlands), Lukas Keller (Switzerland), and Céline Teplitsky (France) on quantitative genetics analyses of phenotypic variation in morphological, behavioral and life history traits across 12 generations. Other long-term research on Kent Island includes the reproductive ecology of insect-pollinated island plants, and the population biology of Tree Swallows.
History of the Organization for Tropical Studies (June 2013)
Bass Lecture: Good Gun Tales and the 73-Year History of the Bowdoin Scientific Station on Kent Island
NBC News: Scientist documents massive frog die-off (in his own pond)
Wheelwright, N.T. 2014. Plea from another symposium goer. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 12: 98-99
Putting Guantánamo to good use. Boston Globe (March 23, 2009).
First, there was an albatross. Bowdoin Magazine (April, 2008).
Bird by bird, avian populations are shrinking. Christian Science Monitor (August 24, 2007).
A lead slug, a moose, and Thoreau. Kennebec Journal (December 2, 2007).
Conserving Bird Biodiversity: General Principles and their Application. (book review) Conservation Biology (October 2003)
Enduring reasons to preserve threatened species. The Chronicle of Higher Education (June 1, 1994)
Watching an extinction with my kids
Ecology, Introductory Biology, Investigations in Biology, Evolutionary Ecology, Concepts in Evolution and Ecology, Evolution, Conservation Biology, Introduction to Environmental Studies, Advanced Winter Field Ecology, Latin America: Environment and Society, Theory of Mate Selection in Birds, Bird Song, Human Song, Behavioral Ecology and Population Biology.
Field course on Seed Dispersal in Island Plants for Cuban professional biologists, sponsored by the Departamento de Flora y Fauna, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba (2008)
Semester Program in Tropical Ecology sponsored by Colby, Bates, and Bowdoin Colleges and the Andean Center for Latin American Studies, Quito, Ecuador (2001)
Module on Plant-Animal Interactions for Bolivian graduate students, sponsored by Estación Biológica Tunquini, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia (2000)
Organization for Tropical Studies, Costa Rica: Tropical Biology: An Ecological Approach (18 courses); Ecología de Poblaciones (2 courses); Undergraduate Semester Abroad Program (2 courses) (1979-2006)


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Jerry Brown seems to be having his best gubernatorial term in decades.
Brown, who was the nation's youngest state governor back in the 1970s and became its oldest when he was elected again in 2010, is showing the wisdom of his years, according to most political observers. It's widely assumed the Democratic nomination for another term is his for the taking if he chooses to run again in June 2014, when he'll be 76. And with well-funded Republican candidates yet to emerge, it's unclear where his challenge would come from in the November 2014 general election.
Our Question of the Week for readers is: Do you hope Gov. Brown runs for re-election next year?
The secrets of Brown's seeming success are several, columnist Thomas D. Elias wrote recently, including "a sober approach refusing to permit wild spending by his fellow Democrats who control the Legislature, his battling with federal judges while trying to prevent release of more convicts from state prisons, and his efforts to get tax breaks for businesses investing in new equipment."
Brown has been more pragmatic than the young "Governor Moonbeam," and has played an almost Republican role in on some issues — pushing pension reform, for example — in a Democrat-dominated capitol. Let's see if he blocks any Democratic legislation as he decides which bills, passed before last Friday's annual deadline, he'll sign and veto.
But it's not as if conservatives love his performance. After all, Brown's biggest victory since returning to the governorship was tax hikes, those in voter-approved Proposition 30. And a lot of taxpayers are upset with Brown's advocacy of a $68 billion bullet train connecting the Los Angeles and San Francisco areas.
What do you think?
Should Brown run again? Is he a better governor than he was in the 1970s? Has he done enough — or too much — to moderate the tax-and-spend impulses of fellow Democrats?
Is there someone you'd like to see challenge Brown in 2014?
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Dentist's prescribing privileges suspended
March 23. 2013 5:13PM
CONCORD — A Hudson dentist's ability to prescribe drugs was suspended Friday pending a hearing into accusations he provided excessive prescriptions for narcotics, Attorney General Michael Delaney said in a release.
Dr. Robert T. Christ is scheduled to appear April 8 for a state Board of Dental Examiners hearing "for the purpose of determining whether Dr. Christ engaged in professional misconduct, which warrants the continuation of the suspension of his privilege to prescribe controlled substances, the imposition of permanent disciplinary sanctions, or both," the release said.
Christ is accused of prescribing narcotics to people without a medical reason to do so and that the frequency, quantity and dosage of drugs were excessive.


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The Preamble
I consider myself a simpler at heart, meaning I prefer the use of one herb at a time, chosen specifically for the individual and issue at hand. I find this approach encourages intimacy between person and plant, and allows for a clearer dynamic between the two that helps me to better see what's happening and what might be needed. Formulas, especially pre-made ones from set recipes tend to confuse my intuition and observations skills (never mind the fact that many commercially available formulas are just badly put together). Nonetheless, I do find formulas to be very practical at times, especially when based on a small number of herbs selected specially for that moment in time.
I'm not discounting the effectiveness of ancient Chinese formulas or traditional Native American blends or Ayurvedic powders, I've seen them work very well, especially when carefully chosen by an experienced herbalist. I just prefer simple medicines (you know, weeds) used in simple ways (like soup or tea), the same way I like my food. Similarly, I use a very limited number of different herbs in my practice. I don't think there's anything wrong with having a huge apothecary of botanicals from all over the world, but I really love the sustainability, intimacy and place-based wisdom that comes from working with my forty or so local plants. I generally feel the same way about people — I'd rather know a few people really well as individuals than be briefly acquainted with a group of people or an organization. Both kinds of relationships can be useful and productive, but I'll choose intimacy any day.
I notice that some herbalists, usually beginners, tend to feel like they either have to belong to the simpler camp or the formulator's camp, with nary a resting spot in between the two extremes. Personally, I try to adapt to the need at hand and thus use both ways as they suit the situation or person. Like I said, I tend towards the simpling but you won't see me giving up my Rose/Basil/Lemon Thyme/Black Pepper tea any time soon or switching to eating exclusively mono-meals of lettuce or apples. On the other hand, sometimes I do want just the intense and primal delight of a handful of blueberries, a cup of vibrant Nettle tea or a bit of wonderfully aromatic Lavender elixir. There's this thing about balance, it doesn't mean staying still, it means constantly adapting, moving and adjusting in order to keep upright (or upside down, depending). If we can embrace flexibility and evolving, this healing/learning process called life we'll be infinitely more pleasant.
A Few Tips
- I only use herbs in formulas once I've gotten to know the herb very well as a simple. This usually means a minimum of a full year of working with the plant one on one before I begin to blend it. Otherwise, you're dependent on what other people or books have told you about the herb and every time your formula "works" you have to guess who did what, which makes it more difficult to personalize the formula for an individual. If you know each and every herb as an entity unto itself, you'll have much more confidence when formulating.
- When I create formulas I tend to only use two to four herbs at time, although there's always exceptions. I've come across very few situations where I've really needed to use multiple plants at one time. Acute or chronic or whatever, you can usually take care of it with one to three carefully chosen herbs.
- It's imperative that I know exactly why each herb is in a formula, and that each choice is vital to the overall effect. Just because I'm making a formula to primarily address kidney dysfunction does not mean that I throw every "kidney herb" in the books into the mix, just because the person I'm helping has been diagnosed with depression does not mean I need to use St. John's Wort. I choose the herbs that most clearly and concisely address the issue and match the person, taking into consideration herbal energetics, individual constitution, my intuition and so on. This prevents me from falling into the trap of treating a disease or even an isolated organ system rather than the whole person.
- I've come to realize that I strongly prefer some herbs by themselves and I never include them in formulas. This is mostly personal preference and intuition, but I've noticed that many herbalists feel this way about at least one or two plants in their materia medica. For instance, I never mix Bear's Claw (Oplopanax horridum) with anything else. That's not a rule, I'm not even recommending it, I'm just saying you should honor your intuition about these things unless you have reason to contradict it.
- Most herb books are full of formulas/recipes (sometimes that's all they are). Many are completely useless, some marginally helpful and a few are actually quite brilliant. But how will you know the difference? Do you just go on the fact that the lady on the back cover looks kind and experienced the way a healer should? Or by the general rumble of approval of the author you've heard among your herbally inclined peers? Or that your second cousin used it once for her niece and it seemed to work? Well, I personally don't recommend you use a single recipe until you get to know the herbs in the recipe on their own. Once you're on speaking terms with a few of the herbs, you might want to take some inspiration from an author or teacher you respect and start mixing things up. After you've been doing it for a while, you'll have a much easier time spotting what might be useful and what's rubbish. The real danger lies in becoming dependent on your favorites herbalist's recipes and thus crippling your own intuition and skills.
Some Benefits of Simpling
- Specifics – You know exactly who's doing what, you don't have to puzzle through fifteen herbs wondering which triggered heart palpitations in your kid or client.
- Intimacy – You get that special one on one relationship that happens when you work with a single plant at a time. There's no replacement for that particular intimacy of getting to know the taste, texture and overall feel of a particular ally.
- Quality control – you don't have wonder if the formula's not working because the Skullcap was too old or the St John's Wort came from a rainy year harvest or the Rose petals dried funny etc. There's one plant, you can taste it, feel it and quickly get an idea if there's something off and what that the issue might be.
- Avoiding the Mud – Too many herbs combined can make for a kind of physical grey noise in the body, a muddy mess of effects and feelings that never manages to result in anything helpful. That's mostly bad formulating, but it can easily be avoided by using one herb and letting it do it's thing.
- Discernment – The person choosing the herb is more likely to be particular and look for exactly the right medicine instead of choosing the first cool sounding bottle filled with trendy, well-advertised botanicals.
Some Benefits of Formulating
- Subtlety – Herbs tend to naturally buffer each other's rough edges which can be super helpful when using a plant with a very strong personality. Whereas a single herb can sometimes overwhelm a person, a good formula usually feels more subtle and smooth.
- Synergism – formulas can result in amazingly complex (and utterly elegant) creations that effect in the body in a way that's very difficult to get with only one plant. The whole being greater than the sum of the parts in this case.
- Safety – My experience is that you're less likely to get serious side effects from a formula than a single herb (see the bit about buffering above). That's a very general statement but it ~tends~ to be true. I am specifically referencing conscientiously created formulas here; if some strange person were to throw every major herbal stimulant into a pill and hand it out like candy, it would be different (and then some company would market it to American housewives as the answer to all their problems).
A Formula for Formulating?
I've seen a lot of formulas for formulating and while some of them are useful enough, I don't teach anything similar. To my way of thinking, to need to depend on a set way of combining the herbs is to not be paying enough attention. Even a beginner can figure out what herbs to put together if they just remain aware and open and use their common sense. And when in doubt, use a simple.
A Word of Caution
One of the formula rules I do abide by is honoring the way the constituents of some herbs can react in negative ways with others. For example, if you have an herb high in alkaloids, and an herb high in tannins, they're going to bind to each other become an inert mess (Silk Tassel and Sumach are no go for that kidney formula). For a quick herb interaction reference, check out this nifty manual (appropriately called Bad Formula Combinations) on Michael Moore's site.
10 Responses to "Simples and Formulas"
Wow, thank you, Kiva. Your words on this topic are (as I've come to expect!) clear, compassionate, sensible, and wise. I've been experimenting on myself with infusions lately. For awhile, I'd intuitively blend nettle, peppermint, a little lavender, and oatstraw (sometimes substituting sage for one of these ingredients). I'd choose those herbs because of my various feelings/ relationships with each plant, and what I wanted to experience for myself in the company of friends: earthy, get-yourself-muddy, don't mess with me-hearty-aunt nettle, liven up the mind and senses peppermint, brush away the sadness lavender, mother-me oatstraw, and mysterious, inscrutible sage. Something like a conversation–very companionable throughout the day. But lately, I've been more eager (and brave enough) for those intimate heart-to-heart conversations. So far, I've been making straight nettle infusions mostly, and occasionally straight peppermint. What a difference, really. The blended infusions certainly were/are softened experiences–minglings that offer their own delight and nourishment. But, wow, just hanging out with the deep green of nettle I feel something powerful infusing me, offering a richness and depth and strength–and gutsiness–that was less obvious before (when in a group 🙂 ). These plants are amazing! I'm looking forward to really, really growing in relationship with my green allies.
This is so helpful.
I want to work with a simple for the year.
what would be a good one to start with?
Kiva Rose,
I am enjoying your blog, I am a new comer to facebook and a long time kitchen witch. This last bit was full of helpful perspective about making formulas, very intuitive.
blessing, Clare
Hi Kiva
You mentioned your lavender elixir, do you make it the same way as your elderberry? I wondered if it was a straight forward half honey and half brandy in half a jar full of dried lavender or if you added other things such as rosehips and orange peel? I ran a workshop on tinctures last Saturday and several people made a lavender tincture, commenting on how soothing the tincture they tasted had been. I'd have loved to have been able to give them some lavender elixir as well so wondered how it differed. They all drooled over the elderberry elixir and said they would be making their own next autumn! Thanks for all the fantastic ideas you share with us.
Nice post. Interesting that Michael Moore has Cinnamon & Ephedra on the Bad Formula combo list. The first formula that you learn in TCM is Ma Huang Tang, a 4 herb formula with Ephedra, Cinnamon, Apricot Kernel, and Licorice. I wonder if that is right? I see he has Ma Huang in both the high in tannins and high in alkaloids categories.. don't mix Ma Huang with Ma Huang ;).
ooh, so very nice, that was…
I (I really love formulas) always say never mix herbs together if you haven't tasted them Things can look real nice together on paper or in mindspace, but juts have dreadfully clashing flavors. I call this the dark chocolate meets ketchup clause.
(well, at least just now I did)
Like in so many things, you go with a feeling and try not to get dogmatic. I think of it like music. No combination of instruments can surpass the beauty or one voice or instrument, nor can that one voice outshine the interplay of carefully woven melodies.
Sometimes though, the moment calls more strongly for one than the other.
I love this! You put so much into this and I like the confirmation of getting to now the herbs.
Let me try again, I love this post. That you spent time breaking it down to core specifics that are the connection of working with herbs and getting to know them. Also that you mention the power we lose by depending on books all the time. It is a constant learning with books yes and also with the herbs.


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The German Under-21 captain had originally agreed to join the north London side in the summer on a Bosman, however a season-ending injury to influential midfielder Sandro prompted a January arrival.
And Holtby says that despite the quick change in his career, he has been able to appreciate the "dream" he is currently living.
"I have been living my dream for the past few days," he wrote in his blog, published on fussball.de. "I am playing at an absolute top club in the Premier League.
|Tottenham are 3/1 with BetVictor to finish as the Premier League's top London club this season
"That's the way things are here in London - hard but hearty."
After two promising appearances off the substitutes' bench in a 1-1 draw at Norwich, and the 1-0 win at West Brom on Sunday, Holtby says he is relishing the tough-tackling nature of Premier League football.
"The game is brutally hard, but that suits me and I really love it," he added.
"I realised immediately that the speed and the toughness really is different here to the Bundesliga. It's no place for the faint-hearted and the referees don't blow the whistle as often."
Holtby reserved special praise for the travelling Tottenham support following an "incredible" reaction to his arrival during the 1-0 victory at West Brom on Sunday.
"I loved my second game for Spurs, in which a dream goal from Gareth Bale meant I could celebrate my first win," the 22-year-old continued.
"I will never forget this game against West Brom. The fans sang a song for me for almost all of the second half. It was incredible and I really had goosebumps. I had never expected such support so soon.
"I've just been in England a week and they already have a song for me, who would have thought it?"


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would it be possible to save/load different sets of settings, so setting up for a different regular usage could be minimized.
For example, the Custom capture screen differs for each application, as is the need or source of audio potentially different. And of course, maintain a Default Profile as you do now - being the settings last used.
I hope I have explained my idea clearly.
Thanks again for this great product
Setup Profiles
Let us know what you'd like to see in the next version of SplitCam. Also if you have any idea for SplitCam Software, write about it here.
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Re: Setup Profiles
Thanks, we'll think about its implementation. However I can't promise that it will be high priority task.
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Next Meetup
What we're about
Many of us love the game but have nowhere to play it. Many others have heard how fun it is, but can't find a group to play with. Well, here's the solution! Join Eastside Bunco Babes for an exciting monthly night of laughter and friendship! Every woman 21 + (age) is welcome to join us.
Don't know how to play? No worries, we will teach you. Besides being a lot of fun, Bunco is very easy to learn. Other than throwing dice, the only "skills" required are laughing, and having a really good time!
Please feel free to invite friends to join us. We are different than many neighborhood Bunco groups who have a set group of players. We are flexible and know that you can't always come, or other times you want to come and bring a friend. We want to grow and share the fun of being a Bunco Babe with lots of women! To start off with we will be able to play with around a minimum of 9 and a maximum of 24 players. Joining us for a Bunco Night is on a first come, first serve basis.
Specifics: We will usually play on the third Saturday night of each month and the last Friday night of each month. The dates will be announced on our Meetup home page. We will begin at 6:00. Prepayment ($10) is required to ensure a commitment from our players. We want you to come and we don't want to turn someone away only to have a spot open up at the last minute with no time to have a new person join us. The payment is not refundable if you miss the event- for ANY reason. However, if you do attend, you are encouraged to bring a wrapped $10 gift for the prize table. Let us know you plan to do this ahead of time and we'll swap out your $10 at the event.
Location: Since sharing hosting duties can be a hassle for some people who are time, space, and/or navigationally "challenged", I will host the Bunco nights in my home, which is conveniently located and has plenty of parking.
To spice it up we will have a different theme each month - not anything too elaborate or difficult - just FUN!
If this is something you'd like to commit to – seriously, who wouldn't want to have one guaranteed night of fun each month?!? – then we'd love to have you join the Eastside Bunco Babes!
Note: We charge an annual dues of $12. You may attend your first Meetup without paying dues, but will be required to pay dues before attending your second event. We no longer have dues paid through WePay since it takes too much of the funds. You will receive a request for payment via PayPal once you've signed up for your second event. Paid dues are good for 12 months.