SummaryThe emergence of water shoots from dormant buds below large pruning cuts can nullify the aim of reducing tree size and improving light penetration. The application of a thick layer of lanolin or paint containing 1% NAA, IB A or IAA to such cuts markedly reduced the number of shoots emerging from below them and the length of these shoots; treatment with NAA in a normal pruning paint was as effective as any other. The effect of NAA on shoot emergence varied logarithmically with concentration, 0.5% being effective but appreciably less so than 1% although there was little gain from increasing the concentration to 1.5% or 2%. The application of auxin paints immediately after pruning was effective at any time during the winter, and when done in mid-April, a month after pruning in March, still had a marked effect. Cytokinin (BA) applied to pruning cuts reduced the rate of bud emergence, though to a lesser degree than NAA. Gibberellin (GA4+7) reduced the length of the shoots which emerged as well as the ra...


The essence of market research is revealed. The complete scheme of planning market research, including possible alternative approaches to analysis of different subjects of the market is represented. Methodological grounds for "room" market research such as analysis of enterprise potential, analysis of competitors are studied in detail. Principle schemes of calculating production and consumer potentials of the market are given. The peculiarities of formation marketing information system of the enterprise are discussed. The problems in the area of market research which still remain open are formulated.


Studies have claimed that schooling investments have high rates of return in developing countries. Researchers however fail to control for all of the unobserved household and community effects which may affect estimates of returns. Using data from the 1986 Indonesian Labor Force Survey wage functions are estimated for Indonesia with and without fixed effects to see if controls for outside factors which might be correlated with years of schooling and wages make a difference. The impact of schooling on wage rates and hours supplied to the paid labor market is assessed with separate consideration given to males and females. Results suggest that estimates of the impact of schooling on wage rates and hours supplied to the paid labor market which do not control for household fixed effects are quite misleading. The directions and magnitudes of biases caused by failing to take control measures differ according to sex between wage rates and hours supplied and among schooling levels. Specifically ordinary least squares estimates of the impact of schooling are biased to overestimate returns to school returns to lower schooling levels relative returns of schooling for males relative to females and the positive impact of schooling on hours supplied to the paid labor force. Advocating schooling investments in other societies based upon the standard estimates may therefore create unrealistic expectations.


Sixty two out of the sixty four species of fungal isolates tested could produce both wxo-β1,4-gluconasc (C1) and endo-β1 ,4-glueonase (Cx on pure cellulose and rice straw as carbon source in Czapek's medium. Fifty-eight and fifteen species were able to grow at 25°C and at 45°C, respectively. Eleven species could grow at both 25°C and 45°C while, four species appeared only at 45°C. The most cellulolytic species at 25°C was Trichoderma koningii producing 1.164 C1 (mg glueose/1 ml culture filtrate/1 hr) and 2.690 Cx on pure cellulose, and 0.889 C1 and 1.810 C1 on rice straw, respectively. At 45°C, the most active thermotolerant species were Aspergillus terreus, followed by A. fumigatus. Talaromyces thermophilus was the highest active thermophilic species followed by Malbranchea sulfurea. Most of these species were also active in fermentation of rice straw at 25 and 45°C (P<0.05). The most active ones were T. koningii, A. ochraceus and A. terreus, which produced 201.5, 193.1 and 188.1 mg crude protein/g dry straw, respectively.


Here we have investigated the influence of the Iron (Fe) ion concentration, and the temperature on the rheological properties, storage (G') and loss (G'') shear modulus of low methoxyl pectin solutions and gels, in the presence of Fe 2+ ion. Upon lowering the temperature in the presence of Fe 2+ , G'and G''increase immediately followed by a further slow logarithmic increase with time. It was observed that, the storage modulus (G')was increasing with increasing cation concentration initially, further increasing in cation concentration lowering the storage modulus. From the frequency sweep curves, Pectin-Fe 2+ samples exhibiting well structure behaviour at lower Fe 2+ concentration and showing viscous behaviour at higher Fe 2+


This work presents a Genetic Fuzzy Classification System (GFCS) called Genetic Programming Fuzzy Classification System (GPF-CLASS). This model differs from the traditional approach of GFCS, which uses the metaheuristic as a way to learn "if-then" fuzzy rules. This classical approach needs several changes and constraints on the use of genetic operators, evaluation and selection, which depends primarily on the metaheuristic used. Genetic Programming makes this implementation costly and explores few of its characteristics and potentialities. The GPF-CLASS model seeks for a greater integration with the metaheuristic: Multi-Gene Genetic Programming (MGGP), exploring its potential of terminals selection (input features) and functional form and at the same time aims to provide the user with a comprehension of the classification solution. Tests with 22 benchmarks datasets for classification have been performed and, as well as statistical analysis and comparisons with others Genetic Fuzzy Systems proposed in the literature.


In this work we attemp to analyse how important it is to choose the best statistical technique to study ecological communities. A comparative analysis of the most usualy employed techniques for this type of studies was made, as well as the most recent "biplot methods". We compare the results obtained for differents techniques applied to a set of data with characteristiques which are well known.


Six patients with relapsed hairy cell leukemia after splenectomy were treated with high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue. Five patients had objective responses as determined by improved blood counts. In two of them, the response has continued for more than 14 and 44 months, respectively. Intensive treatment with high-dose methotrexate and leucovorin rescue was well tolerated and no significant myelosuppression was seen.


Abstract Some aspiring African students prefer to travel "abroad" or overseas for example, the United States, Canada, Germany, France, and other developed countries to further their careers. This was a common practice for well-to-do families. To be more specific, some rich families in Nigeria tend to overlook higher institutions in their country. In my case, my dad inspired me, many decades ago, about travelling overseas to study. I was probably 12 years old when he hinted to me that his wish was for me to study overseas even though he did not mention any particular country. Ever since my dad indicated that desire, I accepted his wish until it came into fruition 20 years later. Specifically, in August 1979, I began my journey to the United States of America. However, while in the foreign land many African students confront multidimensional problems that range from prejudicial perceptions to illusory generalizations. For many Africans, problems include difficulty adjusting to a new cultural environment, xenophobia, misrepresentation, and miscategorization. Despite such problems, they are able to succeed and excel in their chosen professions. In this article, I discuss my experiences while maneuvering the treacherous terrain of America's Colleges/School of Education.


The works of Russian researchers referring directly or indirectly to the so-called «Shichau's case» are analyzed in the article. This name is related to the name of the German firm specializing on the construction of torpedo boats both for German and foreign fleets, including Russia in the late 1890s and the early 1900s. In 1912 «Shichau» contrary to the current legislation providing the transfer of orders for construction of Russian battleships only to Russian companies, unexpectedly for uninitiated people acquired the right to build two light cruisers in Germany and nine destroyers in its «Myuhlgraben shipyard» branch in Riga. The beginning of the World War I led to the situation when the Navy Ministry didn't receive the ships, and the treasury suffered substantial financial losses. So the «Shichau's case» appeared. On the basis of the considered materials the author has estimated the contribution of the well-known Russian historian K.F. Shatsillo, the modern researchers I.F. Tsvetkov, B.I. Gavrilov, S.P. Shilov to the study of the issue. The author also considers the sides of the studied subject that demand further examination.


The components of developing dynamical system of environmental protection industry are studied by making use of the industrial economics and the developmental economics in the present paper. The results show that developing dynamical systems consist of five parts: the driving force of demand, supply, institution, technology and market. Based on the results mentioned above, we infer that three essential principal problems should be solved in order to develop environmental protection industry.


By variously killing a stable Lévy process when it leaves the positive half-line, conditioning it to stay positive, and conditioning it to hit 0 continuously, we obtain three different, positive, self-similar Markov processes which illustrate the three classes described by Lamperti (1972). For each of these processes, we explicitly compute the infinitesimal generator and from this deduce the characteristics of the underlying Lévy process in the Lamperti representation. The proof of this result bears on the behaviour at time 0 of stable Lévy processes before their first passage time across level 0, which we describe here. As an application, for a certain class of Lévy processes we give the law of the minimum before an independent exponential time. This provides the explicit form of the spatial Wiener-Hopf factor at a particular point and the value of the ruin probability for this class of Lévy processes.


The overall mechanical structure,working principle and installation method about the electric spindle of five-axis gantry wood engraving machine were described. The five-axis wood engraving Computer Numerical Control( CNC) machine based on a double swing( A / C) electric spindle was a large gantry type structure with fixed beam and column,having the characteristics of large machining span,high machining efficiency and high stiffness,and so on,which was adapted to batch or precision machining. The three-dimensional modeling of the key components of the gantry beam was built,and analysis of Computer Aided Engineering( CAE) static rigidity was conducted. The analysis results show that the designed five-axis gantry wood engraving CNC machine meets the stiffness requirement.


Objective To investigate the daily intake of dietary Cu and Mn and to study the serum concentration reference values of copper and manganese of healthy adults in Ji'nan urban area.Methods From August 2007 to January 2008,1 005 Ji'nan urban healthy subjects were recruited for filling in seven days dietary intakes questionnaire to investigate the dietary Cu and Mn daily intake.Then atomic absorption spectrometry was applied to determine the concentration of serum Mn and Cu after the samples were digested by microwave.Results The dietary daily intake of Cu and Mn of Ji'nan urban healthy adults were 1.78 mg and 4.21 mg respectively.Cu intake of male was higher than that of female(P 0.05).Cu or Mn intake was not affected significantly by age.The serum concentrations of Cu and Mn of Ji'nan urban healthy adults were(0.91±0.26)mg/L and(7.04±3.19) μg/L respectively,serum reference values of adult Cu and Mn(P2.5-P97.5) were 0.38-1.37 mg/L and 3.54-15.56 μg/L respectively.There were no significant differences of serum Mn between sex or age,the contents of serum Cu of female was higher than that of male(P0.05) and increased with aging(r=0.14,P0.01),especially for male(r=0.18,P0.01).Conclusion The reference values of serum Mn and Cu concentrations of Ji'nan urban healthy adults may be set initially based on the results of the investigation.The results also demonstrate that the dietary intake of Mn of Ji'nan residents is higher than the adequate intakes(AI,3.5 mg/d),as for Cu,the intake is lower than AI(2 mg/d).


Chicago-Ophthalmologists confront many issues in managing glaucoma, but patients with exfoliation syndrome, cataracts, and a history of refractive surgery present additional challenges.


Education through environment is one of the most important ways of talent cultivation.Beautiful learning environment plays a key role in fostering students' good habits and temperament.University students have unique esthetic feeling and are prone to the influence of environment and temperament.Therefore,in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of the dormitory environment,we should strengthen aesthetic education,foster students' aesthetic feeling,beautify the dormitory environment by means of changing the surroundings regularly" and create a positive environment by carrying out diversified and colorful cultural activities.


The invention relates to a power distribution unit and a method for utilizing a single internet protocol (IP) to control a majority of power distribution units. Every power distribution unit is provided with a controller and more than one network interface connected with the controller, the controller provides a user interface in a web document mode, and a virtual socket setting function is provided on the user interface; when a majority of power distribution units are connected through the network, a user can use the IP of one of the power distribution units to log in the power distribution unit and sets other power distribution units as virtual sockets of the logged-in power distribution unit on the user interface of the logged-in power distribution unit, socket information of all the power distribution units is simultaneously displayed on the user interface of the logged-in power distribution unit, and accordingly the user can control the on and off of socket power sources on all the power distribution unit through the single IP.


As a result of the dramatic increase in women's participation in the work force, more relationship therapists are seeing couples who are dissatisfied with how domestic labor is divided in their homes. Although, this issue may seem therapeutically straightforward, there are many aspects which make its renegotiat ion surprisingly problematic and complex. This article is an effort to delineate some of these issues such as engaging men in therapy, exploring emotional issues connected with housework, and the mechanism of gatekeeping. Also included is a therapeutic framework for addressing client concerns about domestic responsibilities.


A discussion of whether the sociology of development is an academic discipline per se, or merely a part of the theory building in multidisciplinary studies with practical implications. Development is a long-term process of change centering on labor productivity & other areas. The necessity of a comparative approach is stressed. Overspecialization can be dysfunctional. In acquiring essential interdisciplinary knowledge, a good library is more useful than a multidisciplinary institute. 38 References. Adapted from the source document.


The basis for the development of labor demand plansin a construction company is the production plan, including theexpected portfolio of orders. Planning the course of order executionwith the use of scheduling methods that allow for the analysisof the course of the execution of processes in terms of timeand resource use allows for the assessment of the impact of thenumber of employees on the timeliness of the implementationof individual projects. The article presents a mathematical modelof the problem of scheduling a project with a fixed directivedeadline (illustrated by an example), involving repetitive processes,allowing to determine a rational level of employment ofwork brigades.


JAMES ALLEN ROGERS is Professor of History at Claremont Men's College, Claremont Graduate School. This article is part of a larger study on Darwinism and Russian thought made possible by a Fellowship from the Russian Research Center at Harvard University. The issue of racism was never a controversy among Russian radical thinkers before 1864. Their attitude towards racism until then seemed remarkably consistent: outright condemnation. They saw in racism an integral part of the system of American slavery. For them that system


The Linux Kernel protocol stack is getting more and more additions as time goes by. As new technologies arise, more functions are implemented and might result is a certain amount of bloat. However ...


The research that we carried out in this article tries to demonstrate how the good practices that the teachers of the Second Chance Schools have in their centers (significant learning, propinquity and support) are effective pedagogical tools to reduce rates of school failure and dropout and, in other cases, to eliminate those two hurdles that the education system has and which is exacerbated in certain social contexts. Basically, this research is articulated in a theoretical framework, a research process or methodological framework, results from that research and the establishment of conclusions.


Recreation homes or cabins represent a salient trait in Norwegian culture. The demand for alternative homes appears to be growing considerably not only in Norway, but in a number of countries worldwide. However, the use of recreation homes has received limited attention from researchers. This paper argues that the phenomenon of recreation homes is a facet of modernity which plays an important part in the creation of meaning in an increasingly complex world characterized by time–space compressions and identity dilemmas. This study examines use patterns, motives for cabin use and the importance of a range of factors for well–being and meaning among a sample of cabin owners in the Langmorkje commons in Southern Norway. The results show that 'back to nature' (a simple lifestyle and extensive contact with natural surroundings); 'inversion' (combining relaxation and pleasant work); and 'continuity' (long term attachment to the area) are central themes in the creation of meaning. In late modern society, the extr...


With the technological developments of high-speed, high performance weaving machines, the existing drawbacks of common warp sizing procedures and practices have become even more critical. Although warp sizing and fabric desizing are centuries-old processes and have undergone some significant improvements, they still remain expensive, complicated, and environmentally harmful. The optimal way to further improve significantly the cotton yarn weaving process and its ecological impact on the textile industry lies in the reduction and minimization of the size add-on and, eventually, in the elimination of the sizing process altogether. On the basis of the research presented here, it is proposed to use an ultrasonic cavitation technology in the starch splitting process. This technology offers a significant improvement in the physio-chemical properties of the starch-based sizing agents for preparation of high-quality cotton warps for efficient weaving. In addition, this technology reduces consumption of expensive food raw materials and renders the weaving process ecologically friendly.


While most industrialized nations and a handful of developing countries are seeing the spread of HIV infection level off or even decline infection rates are reaching alarming new highs in much of the developing world according to the first country by country analysis by the joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). Along with the widening gap in infection rates the report also reveals a looming divide between countries where rates of new AIDS cases and deaths from AIDS are falling and countries where they are rising as people infected with the disease succumb in greater numbers than before. The major reason is uneven access to newer antiretroviral drugs which forestall the development of AIDS. Among the reports most striking findings was new information concerning 13 countries in sub-Saharan Africa where at least 10% of all adults are infected with HIV with the prevalence in many capital cities 35% or more. Botswana and Zimbabwe have each reached a prevalence of 25% a new world high. (full text)


Nowadays,bonding reliability of electrically conductive adhesives(ECAs) has become one of the difficulties in its application.Aiming at the ECAs bonding' major failure modes,the accordant test structure and reliability evaluation experiment was developed.Then the mechanical properties and degradation mechanism of electrical properties for ECAs bonding were studied.The result showed that ECAs bonding had a good resistance to temperature dependent stress with a shear force ranging from 3.25 to 5.35 kg.Based on a combination of morphology and theory analysis,the failure mechanism of ECAs bonding was deeply discussed,and then some reasonable methods to improve performance of ECAs bonding were presented. Finally ECAs bonding reliability at present technical level was evaluated.


The throughput in high speed digital signal processing (DSP) applications is limited by both the processing speed of the processor employed for number-crunching operations and the capacity of the supporting communications link. Systolic arrays are special forms of multiprocessor architectures that partly overcome the memory band-width problem by allowing multiple computations for each memory access. In systolic arrays proposed so far, the computational element includes a multiplier and an accumulator. The multiplier in the basic cell requires either a large chip area if high speed is desired or becomes slower if serial architecture is used. A high speed programmable computational architecture without the multiplier is proposed in this paper. The new computational architecture is composed of basic cells consisting of a barrel-shifter and an accumulator. A throughput data rate which is inversely proportional to the delay in a single cell is achieved in the new architecture. The architecture is static reconfigurable to make use of the fact that the precision needed for coefficients in any filter or from one filter to another varies considerably. Hence the number of basic cells to implement multiplication by any coefficient is minimal and will depend upon the value of that coefficient only.


The effective system of the staff social security creation is one of ways for the corporation activity optimization. There is necessary to use cither traditional («social case») and alternative manner, based on long dated forms of corporation loyalty encouragement (privilege credit, children education payments).


Overall speaking, this is a comprehensive study of schizophrenia which includes GWAS in Chinese population, meta-analysis by combing the current results with previous GWASs conducted in EAS and EUR, then followed by post-GWAS analysis. it showed improved prefiction in the current study identified 17 novel risk loci for schizophrenia, highlights the importance and necessity of conducting genetic study in different populations. not provide new into genetic etiology of facilitate to delineate the pathophysiology of and develop new therapeutic


Abstract : A number of image analysis tasks require the registration of a surface model with an image. In the case of satellite images, the surface model may be a map or digital terrain model in the form of surface elevations on a grid of points. An affine transformation is developed between coordinates of Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) images produced by the LANDSAT satellites, and coordinates of a system lying in a plane tangent to the earth's surface near the sub-satellite (Nadir) point.


This paper describes a novel approach for synthesis of scandium oxide (Sc2O3) microspheres based on sol–gel technique of internal gelation followed by neutron activation in a nuclear reactor to produce 46Sc for use as radiotracers in radioactive particle tracking (RPT) experiments. The synthesis of scandium oxide microspheres of regular and spherical shapes essentially consists of formation of concentrated colloidal sol of the Sc(OH)3 and transformation of this sol into a semi rigid gel followed by heating. The synthesized microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry analysis/differential thermal analysis, and surface area analyses. The neutron-activated microspheres were successfully used in RPT experiments to investigate hydrodynamics of solids in a pilot-scale liquid–solid fluidized bed.


We present a study of $\tau^+ \tau^-$ lepton pair production in Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.5 TeV. The larger mass of tau lepton compared to electron and muon leads to considerably small hadronic contribution to the $\tau^+ \tau^-$ pair invariant mass (M) distribution relative to the production from thermal partonic sources. The quark-antiquark annihilation processes via intermediary virtual photon, Z and Higgs bosons have been considered for the tau lepton production. The contribution from Drell-Yan process is found to dominate over thermal yield for $\tau^+ \tau^-$ pair mass from 4 to 20 GeV at the LHC energy. We also present the ratio of $\tau$ lepton pair yields for nucleus-nucleus collisions relative to yields from p + p collisions scaled by number of binary collisions at LHC energies as a function $\tau$ lepton pair inavariant mass. The ratio is found to be significantly above unity for the mass range 4 to 6 GeV. This indicates the possibility of detecting $\tau^+ \tau^-$ pair from quark gluon plasma (QGP) in the mass window 4 to 6 GeV.


Abstract Coaching is an innovative approach within the educational supervision process with social work students. Coaching is a rapidly growing field with commonalities to social work supervision and practice. Supervision, evaluation, and coaching all follow the same processes of observing the student's work, and providing feedback and discussion to help the student's learning process. This paper proposes that supervisors and field educators be educated in coaching methods to integrate coaching into educational supervision.


Objective To assess the renal perfusion of different severity of hepatic cirrhosis by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with time-intensity curve.Methods Forty hepatic cirrhosis patients with normal conventional renal function enrolled the study and were subdivided into Child-Pugh A group ( n =14),Child-Pugh B group ( n =14) and Child-Pugh C group ( n =12).Thirty healthy subjects were selected as the control group.The parameters of perfusion were compared among the groups.The correlations between parameters and score of Child-Pugh were analyzed using Pearson correlation.Results The cirrhosis groups showed a decrease of peak intensity,increase of time to peak,and reduce of area under the curve in the renal cortex( P <0.05).Compared with Child-Pugh A group,the peak intensity decreased in both ChildPugh B and C groups,time to peak increased in Child-Pugh C group( P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).The peak intensity had negative correlation with Child-Pugh score( r =- 0.506,P <0.01 ).Conclusions Contrastenhanced ultrasound combined with time-intensity curve can assess renal perfusion of hepatic cirrhosis quantitatively.The peak intensity was correlated to the severity of cirrhosis.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Microbubbles ; Liver cirrhosis ; Renal circulation


P450 2C9 is the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in humans. Polymorphisms in P450 2C9 gene produce variants at amino acid including P450 2C9*2 and P450 2C9*3. Metabolic capacities for P450 2C9 substrates are diminished by individuals of homozygous. P450 2C9 substrates mainly include tolbutamide, phenytoin, S-warfarin, fluoxetine, and losartan. P450 2C9 can be induced by rifampin and inhibited by amiodarone and fluconazole.


Context. Eclipsing time variations are observed in many close binary systems. In particular, for several post-common-envelope binaries (PCEBs) that consist of a white dwarf and a main sequence star, the observed-minus-calculated (O–C) diagram suggests that real or apparent orbital period variations are driven by Jupiter-mass planets or as a result of magnetic activity, the so-called Applegate mechanism. The latter explains orbital period variations as a result of changes in the stellar quadrupole moment due to magnetic activity.
Aims. In this work we explore the feasibility of driving eclipsing time variations via the Applegate mechanism for a sample of PCEB systems, including a range of different rotation rates.
Methods. We used the MESA code to evolve 12 stars with different masses and rotation rates. We applied simple dynamo models to their radial profiles to investigate the scale at which the predicted activity cycle matches the observed modulation period, and quantifiy the uncertainty. We further calculated the required energies to drive the Applegate mechanism.
Results. We show that the Applegate mechanism is energetically feasible in 5 PCEB systems. In RX J2130.6+4710, it may be feasible as well considering the uncertainties. We note that these are the systems with the highest rotation rate compared to the critical rotation rate of the main-sequence star.
Conclusions. The results suggest that the ratio of physical to critical rotation rate in the main sequence star is an important indicator for the feasibility of Applegate's mechanism, but exploring larger samples will be necessary to probe this hypothesis.


Obesity has reached epidemic proportion in both developed and developing countries in the world. Physical inactivity is a contributing factor for obesity epidemic. Studies have done to investigate the independent effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on obesity. However, there are no sufficient evidences to explain the combined effect of aerobic and resistance exercise in a workout on obesity. The aim was to assess the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (CART) on weight control and body composition, blood and metabolic variables, muscle strength and cardio respiratory fitness in obese adults. We examined the 12 weeks combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on 30 obese Ethiopian adults (mean age 45.2±5.4). Baseline and after12 weeks training test included anthropometric, Body composition, fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol, blood pressure, VO2max and muscular strength (1RM) were done by using standard techniques. Incremental treadmill running test protocol and 1 RM were employed for VO2max and strength test. Data was analyzed by using SPSS statistical package software (version 16.0 for window). Paired sample T test was employed for pre and post test difference assessment. After 12 weeks training significant (p<0.001) reduction was observed on body weight (6.1%), BMI (6.3%), body fat percentage (11.6%),Visceral fat(10.8%), systolic BP (1.97%), blood pressure, Fasting blood glucose (5.9%) and total cholesterol (4.3%). The intervention brought significant (p<0.001) greater change on Skeletal muscle percentage (10.4%), VO2max (71.5%) and on 1RM (26.3 %,) from baseline. In conclusion, intervening CART in every training session brought significant improvement on weight loss and body fat control, Fasting Blood Glucose and Total cholesterol. Moreover, significant parallel improvement on cardio-respiratory and muscular strength fitness was resulted due to combined exercises intervention. Combining the two types of exercises in a session gives a chance the participants to enhance their aerobic and strength fitness simultaneously.


While the removal of corrosion products from silver surfaces without damage is not possible for gilt leather, improving our knowledge of the tarnishing of silver leaves and how to prevent it is essential. Silver tarnishing is common, generally localized, and, in extreme situations, total blackening of the silvered areas may occur, affecting the readability of the decors. In some cases, this degradation may be related to conservation interventions. This research investigates the role of the materials and environment


In a spiral galaxy, disks of stars and of magnetized interstellar medium (ISM) are dynamically coupled by gravity. The theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) density waves in such a composite rotating disk system provides a basic framework for studying large-scale dynamics and multiwavelength diagnostics of galactic structures. As swirllike, trailing spiral structures with broad, fuzzy arms (regular or irregular) manifest in neutral hydrogen H I disks that are usually larger than optical spiral patterns in disk galaxies, spiral MHD density waves in H I gas disks should persist within and beyond optical patterns. Sporadic diffusions of relativistic cosmic-ray electrons beyond optical patterns may cause radio continuum arms to occasionally extend across optical spiral patterns and correlate with H I spiral arms at larger radii. We here report the first H I observations of the southern spiral galaxy NGC 2997 to support the fast MHD density wave (FMDW) scenario and to confirm the prior prediction that the isolated, polarized radio continuum arm discovered in the southeast quadrant is indeed associated with a broad segment of the H I arm. For multiwavelength observations of spiral galaxies, we emphasize the important perspective that large-scale magnetic fields of MHD density waves play the key role in organizing correlated spiral structures of the various underlying ISM components. Meanwhile, we briefly discuss the nature of circumnuclear structures of NGC 2997 in reference to those of NGC 1097.


InxAl1-xN is a promising semiconducting material due to its wide range of potential applications in optoelectronics, bio sensing and in thermoelectric power generation. It has a tunable band gap (6 to 0.7eV), high electron saturation velocity, mobility (290 cm2/Vs) and non-toxic nature. Due to this, the material's electrical and thermal properties require further study in detail to explore more potential applications. In this work, we have investigated theoretically the thermal and electrical properties of InxAl1-xN alloy to predict thermoelectric (TE) figure of merit and performance to identify the most promising composition and carrier densities for optimum power generation at room temperature and above.


Dr. Komoski, who is Director of the EPIE Institute in New York, delivered a longer version of this paper to the Fourteenth Lake Okoboji Educational Media Leadership Conference. Subtitling his discussion "Industry and Education in the United States—from Interplay to Interdependence? the author traces the development of a new interdependence between education and industry, the relationship between methods of structuring mass production and methods of structuring learning systems. Both industry and instuction, he says, are concerned with structuring; and he goes on to discuss the need for a remodeling of American schools to the end of making effective use of the new technology and individualizing learning at long last.


Using the results analyzed by FEM(Finite Element Method). the microheaters with the stress-balanced (150 nm)/(300 nm)/(150 nm) diaphragms were fabricated by silicon micromachining techniques. Pt was used as microheater materials. Pt temperature sensor was fabricated to measure the temperature of microheaters. Resistance of temperature sensor and power dissipation of microheater were measured and calculated at the various temperatures. The thermal distribution of heater was examined by a IR thermoviewer. Measured and simulated results are compared and analyzed. The temperature coefficient of resistance of heater was about . Pt heater showed the power dissipation of about 51 mW at and a uniform thermal distribution on the surface.


In the Algerian steppe, in fifty years, population, acreage and numbers of sheeps and goats have tripled, imports of feed grains have increased dramatically ; the double transhumance, in the Sahara in summer and in the Tell in winter, has decreased and the stepic ranges, overcrowded and overgrazed, have been highly degraded. Restoring the ranges, developing irrigation and local fodder resource, regulating prices and supplies of cereals is now more than ever possible and necessary to relaunch sustainable breeding in the steppe.


In this work, a near-perfect broadband absorber, consisting of Fe, MgF2, Fe, TiO2 and MgF2 planar film, is proposed and investigated through simulations and experiments. The Fe material is first applied in the multilayer film structure, and it is proved to be more favorable for achieving broadband absorption. MgF2 and TiO2 are chosen as anti-reflection coatings to decrease unwanted reflections. The proposed absorber is optimized by employing a hybrid numerical method combining the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the genetic algorithm (GA). Under normal incidence conditions, the average absorption of the absorber is 97.6% in the range of 400 to 1400 nm. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and phase analysis reveal that the anti-reflection property and the Fabry-Perot resonance result in broadband absorption performance. Furthermore, when an additional Fe-MgF2 layer is inserted on the bottom Fe layer, an average absorption of 97.9% in the range of 400 to 2000 nm can be achieved. Our approach could be of vital significance for numerous applications involving solar energy.


The invention discloses a method for straightening the pressure of drill rods, which is full-automatic and on line. The invention comprises firstly, delivering a drill rod through a roll frame and positioning precisely the drill rod to a testing position through a photoelectric switch, using a non-contact method to test straightness as the drill rod rotates, delivering the drill rod to blank if the drill rod is qualified, firstly, selecting a straightening strategy if the drill rod is un-qualified, certifying the straightening strategy, and positioning precisely the drill rod into a step clamp, secondly, subtracting a straightening parameter from a dynamic knowledge base of straightening parameters of a host computer and knowing a size of a stroke which should be fed to an oil cylinder, thirdly, driving hydraulic pressure to feed the oil cylinder, using a control technique of a straightening stroke to realize precise control for the stroke of the oil cylinder, and finishing a straightening stroke, fourthly, rechecking after a straightening is finished, and using a self-studying system of the straightening parameters to adjust and optimize the straightening parameter. The invention is enabled to realize the straightening of the pressure for ends of the drill rod, which is full-automatic and on line, and the problem that ends of the drill rod have ultra-poor straightness can be solved.


The invention discloses a colorless and transparent polyimide resin material. 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is chosen as dianhydride monomer or comonomer to carry out polycondensation reaction with primary diamine, so that the polyimide resin material is prepared. Because the 1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride comonomer has a distorted molecular structure, a large free volume exists between polymer molecular chains, and thereby the formation of charge transfer complex (CTC) in and between polyimide molecules is inhibited; and meanwhile, because of the introductionof a lipid structure, the electron-stimulated transition mode in the polyimide molecular chains is changed, the absorption of the aromatic polyimide in the visible light region is remarkably weakened, and thereby the transparency of the polymer is greatly increased. The ultraviolet light transmission cutoff wavelength of a produced polyimide film is 280nm to 380nm, the light transmissivity at 450nm is 86 to 94 percent, moreover, the glass-transition temperature is 250 DEG C to 400 DEG C, and the polyimide resin material has a good application prospect in the fields of flexible substrate materials for solar cells, flexible transparent conducting film substrate materials, liquid crystal display materials and the like.


We relate Gaussian curvature to the gyroscopic force, thus giving a mechanical interpretation of the former and a geometrical interpretation of the latter. We do so by considering the motion of a spinning disk constrained to be tangent to a curved surface. It is shown that the spin gives rise to a force on the disk that is equal to the magnetic force on a point charge moving in a magnetic field normal to the surface, of magnitude equal to the Gaussian curvature, and of charge equal to the disk's axial spin. In a special case, this demonstrates that the precession of Lagrange's top is due to the curvature of a sphere determined by the parameters of the top. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The recent observation of superconductivity in an infinite-layer and quintuple-layer nickelate within the same $R_{n+1}$Ni$_{n}$O$_{2n+2}$ series ($R$ = rare-earth, $n=2-\infty$, with $n$ indicating the number of NiO$_{2}$ layers along the $c$-axis), unlocks their potential to embody a whole family of unconventional superconductors. Here, we systematically investigate the many-body electronic structure of the layered nickelates (with $n=2-6,\infty$) within a density-functional theory plus dynamical mean-field theory framework and contrast it with that of the known superconducting members of the series and with the cuprates. We find that many features of the electronic structure are common to the entire nickelate series, namely, strongly correlated Ni-$d_{x^{2}-y^{2}}$ orbitals that dominate the low-energy physics, mixed Mott-Hubbard/charge-transfer characteristics, and $R$($5d$) orbitals acting as charge reservoirs. Interestingly, we uncover that the electronic structure of the layered nickelates is highly tunable as the dimensionality changes from quasi-two-dimensional to three-dimensional as $n \rightarrow \infty$. Specifically, we identify the tunable electronic features to be: the charge-transfer energy, presence of $R(5d)$ states around the Fermi level, and the strength of electronic correlations.


Socioeconomic status is known to impact on health outcomes in a number of different dimensions. Kidney disease outcomes are less frequent, and thus the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD), end -stage renal disease (ESRD) and socioeconomic status has been less well studied than other health outcomes. The current analysis systematically reviews the literature so as to describe the current knowledge state regarding the relationship between kidney disease and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: A search of two electronic databases (Medline 1950-April2008; EMBASE 1980-April2008) and the web based search engine Google Scholar identified 13 studies that met inclusion criteria. Seven studies looked at incidence of ESRD as the outcome of interest and all seven found an association between low SES and increased incidence of ESRD. Four studies looked at CKD as the outcome of interest, 2 examined prevalence and 2 examined progression. Results: Despite the paucity of literature in this area, all 4 studies looking at the outcome of CKD demonstrate an inverse relationship between SES and CKD, supporting a significant association between low SES and kidney disease. However, the potential causal pathways are poorly explored. Given the prevalence of CKD in the population, the increasing understanding of CKD as a risk factor for a variety of other co -morbidities and mortality, and the findings of these studies, we recommend further research on understanding mechanisms by which SES impacts on CKD incidence, prevalence and progression. Key-Words: Chronic kidney disease; dialysis; progression; socioeconomic status; systematic review.


Four resistance factors were isolated genetically from the NPR strain of houseflies (Musca domestica L.), which resists natural pyrethrins, and were characterised toxicologically. The four factors were : pen, which reduces the rate of penetration of insecticides through the cuticle; kdr-NPR, a general pyrethroid resistance mechanism unaffected by the synergist sesamex; py-ses, a mechanism of resistance to natural pyrethrins that can be suppressed by sesamex; and py-ex, a factor that gives strong resistance to synergised natural pyrethrins and to the new synthetic esters, e.g. resmethrin, but little or none to natural pyrethrins alone.


Host genetic variants influence the susceptibility and severity of several infectious diseases, and the discovery of novel genetic associations with Covid-19 phenotypes could help developing new therapeutic strategies to reduce its burden. Between May 2020 and February 2021, we used Covid-19 data released periodically by UK Biobank and performed over 400 Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of Covid-19 susceptibility (N=15,738 cases), hospitalization (N=1,916), severe outcomes (N=935) and death (N=828), stratified by ancestry and sex. In coherence with previous studies, we observed 2 independent signals at the chr3p21.31 locus (rs73062389-A, OR=1.22, P=7.64E-14 and rs13092887-A, OR=1.73, P=2.38E-8, in Europeans) modulating susceptibility and severity, respectively, and a signal influencing susceptibility at the ABO locus (rs9411378-A, OR=1.10, P =7.36E-10, in Europeans), which was more significant in men than in women (P=0.01). In addition, we detected 7 genome-wide significant signals in the last data release analyzed (on February 24th 2021), of which 4 were associated with susceptibility (SCRT2, LRMDA, chr15q24.2, MIR3681HG), 2 with hospitalization (ANKS1A, chr12p13.31) and 1 for severity (ADGRE1). Finally, we identified over 300 associations which increased in significance over time, and reached at least P<10-5 in the last data release analyzed. We replicated 2 of these signals in an independent dataset: a variant downstream of CCL3 (rs2011959) associated with severity in men, and a variant located in an ATP5PO intron (rs12482569) associated with hospitalization. These results, freely available on the GRASP portal, provide new insights on the host genetic architecture of Covid-19 phenotypes.


The crime of fraud on credit guarantees it happens between people who are appointed from an institution or of the lender as an intermediary with the debtor by providing loans that are not in accordance with the assurances given to the lender which has been fraudulently between intermediaries and borrowers with the institution of or the lender. In the criminal justice process then the perpetrator of a criminal offence of fraud will be sentenced to imprisonment, namely in accordance with the judge's reasoning and its application in the courts. Formulation of the problem: (1) Whether the basis of consideration for judges in meting out punishment against the collateral of credit fraud is a criminal offence in the lawsuit number 345/Pid. B/2014/PN. PDG? (2) How is the application of a criminal who was dropped by the judge against the criminal acts of fraud against the credit guarantee in the matter number 345/Pid. B/2014/PN. PDG?. The research approach used is a normative approach. The data source used secondary data sources that include primary legal materials, secondary and tertiary. Techniques of data collection, namely the study of the document. Data analysis in the form of qualitative analysis. A summary of research: (1) the consideration of judges in meting out punishment that is in accordance with the information of the defendant, witnesses and evidence in the docket number 345/Pid. B/2014/PN. PDG (2) application of the criminal who dropped by the judge were in accordance with the provisions in Article 378 of the Criminal Code and the considerations that relieve against the defendants.
Keywords: judge, ruling, scams, credit


The paper discusses the application of direct digital synthesis method for probe signal formation with linear frequency modulation in a modern radar liquid level gauge. The results of investigation describe influence basic parameters of direct digital synthesizer on distance root mean square error to liquid surface. Recommendations on the choice of parameter values of direct digital synthesizer that minimize distance root mean square error in the radar liquid level gauge are formulated. The paper is done in Scientific Research Institute of Digital Processing Systems and Information Security of the South Ural State University under the guidance of Doctor of Engineering, Professor of Information and Communication Technologies Karmanov Y.T.


The improvements of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technology enable telephone companies to optimize the utilization of their twisted-pair access networks in a flexible way, closely relating bandwidth demand and system costs. However, for the definition of VDSL systems as the next generation of DSL spectral compatibility with other DSL systems and with amateur radio systems has to be considered. Following a summary of the DSL evolution we analyze the impact of DSL spectral compatibilty on introduction strategies for ADSL and VDSL. Numerical results are given for VDSL system proposals. Regarding compatibility with amateur radio systems techniques for handling egress and ingress are discussed.


Summary. The peripheral blood leucocytes from 26 leukaemic patients have been typed using alloantisera which recognize 13 HL‐A specificities. The results show a marked increase in the incidence of HL‐A 3, some increase in certain other HL‐A antigens, and a slighty reduced frequency of HL‐A 2, as compared with a population of healthy volunteers, kidney donors and patients awaiting renal transplantation.


The work reviews cultural research in Mexico, using as its underlying framework certain parameters of culture theory and certain traditional classifications in this area. From this starting point, the author identifies the main axes of cultural studies in this country, especially from the Seventies on. He also points out the congenital weakness of Mexican cultural studies when analyzed from an epistemological perspective that goes beyond purely descriptive levels. The conclusion identifies the external factors that have conditioned and limited these socio-cultural studies and some ways of overcoming the narrowness of the framework within which they have been carried out up until the present.


Objective
To explore the relationship between diet habits and constitution type of 8448 adults from 9 provinces and municipalities of China.

Methods
A total of 8448 participants from Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi and Henan Province were enrolled in this study. The clinical information of constitution type, diet habits and demographic characteristics was collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between diet habits and constitution type.

Results
Logistic regression analysis showed that gentleness type and Qi-deficiency were correlated with sweet food (OR=1.22, P<0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between Yang-deficiency and hot food intake (OR=2.89, P<0.05), as well as between Yin-deficiency and cold food intake (OR=1.56, P<0.05). Phlegm-wetness was mainly caused by fatty food consumption (OR=2.07, P<0.05). Barbecue food was positively correlated with Wet-heat type (OR=1.64, P<0.05), Blood-stasis type (OR=1.37, P<0.05), and Qi-depression type (OR=1.35, P<0.05). Special diathesis type was related to dietary preference of sweet food (OR=1.29, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Different type of constitution may be related to specific lifestyle or diet habits, and diet habit might play a positive role in Gentleness type or health condition.

Key words:
Food habits; Body constitution; Regression analysis


Unknown inscriptions from Wadi Dungash, Wadi Umm Hode and Wadi Barramiya are presented here. They are mainly divided into two groups : Old Kingdom (time of Pepi II) and New Kingdom ones (Dynasty 18). The New Kingdom inscriptions are exclusively connected with the goldworkings at Wadi Dungash and Wadi Barramiya, whereas the Old Kingdom inscriptions in Wadi Dungash and Wadi Umm Hode deal with expeditions which lead to an occurrence of tin near Gebel Muailha, which could be reached also via Wadi Dungash. At least 3 persons from the Dynasty 6 are documented at both places. A supposed desert route is traces using TM-satellite images.


Title Instrumental Activities of Daily Livings (IADL) and Depression in Community-Dwelling People Aged 60 Years or Older in Kandy District, Sri Lanka : With Special Reference to Ethnicity [an abstract of dissertation and a summary of dissertation review] Author(s) Khaltar, Amartuvshin Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医学) 甲第12572号 Issue Date 2017-03-23 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/66107 Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.1/jp/ Type theses (doctoral abstract and summary of review) Note 配架番号:2313 Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Khaltar_Amartuvshin_abstract.pdf (論文内容の要旨)


[Objective] The paper was conducted to compare the contents of isoflavone and puerarin in Kudzu root extract with different solvents.[Method] The contents of isoflavone and puerarin were determined by UV spectrophotometry and RP-HPLC.[Result] The contents of isoflavone and puerarin from the Kudzu root extract with different solvents were different.The content of isoflavone was the highest in the 60% alcohol extract,and reached 46%;the content of puerarin was the highest in acetone extract,and reached 0.32%.[Conclusion] The contents of isoflavone and puerarin extracted by five solvents were different,and 60%ethanol or acetone showed the best effect on the extraction of isoflavone and puerarin from Kudzu root.


The main message of that paper was that movement had a part to play in dramatherapy, as a support to the character, role, story or enactment; not as a medium for its own sake. It stressed from a theoretical base that dance did not have a place in dramatherapy, and that Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) was considerably more than dance and movement as used in dramatherapy. Finally, it urged dramatherapy to clarify the boundaries of its discipline.


Extisting biodiversity databases contain an abundance of information. To turn such information into knowledge , it is necessary to address several information-model issues. Biodiversity data are collected for various scientific objectives, often even without clear preliminary objectives, may follow different taxonomy standards and organization logic, and be held in multiple file formats and utilising a variety of database technologies. This paper presents a graph catalogue model for the metadata management of biodiversity databases. It explores the possible operation of data mining and visualization to guide the analysis of heterogeneous biodiversity data. In particular, we would propose contributions to the problems of (1) the analysis of heterogeneous distributed data found across different databases, (2) the identification of matches and approximations between data sets, and (3) the identificaton of relationships between various databases. This paper describes a proof of concept of an infrastructure testbed and its basic operations, presenting an evaluation of the resulting system in comparison with the ideal expectations of the ecologist.


The definition of place and role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation decisions in the Russian law and the degree of obligation of the law positions written in court decisions are serious discussing problems in doctrine and in practice.


In order to evaluate the waterborne performances of an amphibious vehicle,based on related knowledge of fluid dynamics and principle of marine mechanics,the Navier-Stokes equations were solved by use of numerical calculation method.Combined with k-e turbulence model,numerical simulation of the viscous flow field for an amphibious vehicle was carried out under different headways.Friction resistance coefficient,residual resistance coefficient and vehicle running resistance coefficient were obtained,thus its total resistances were calculated.Compared the calculation results with test data,the reliability of the calculation method was validated.


We present in this paper two design issues concerning fundamental representation structures for symbolic and logic computations. The first one concerns structured editing, or more generally the possibly destructive update of tree-like data-structures of inductive types. Instead of the standard implementation of mutable data structures containing references, we advocate the zipper technology, fully applicative. This may be considered a disciplined use of pointer reversal techniques. We argue that zippers, i.e. unary contexts generalizing stacks, are concrete representations of linear functions on algebraic data types. The second method is a uniform sharing functor, which is a variation on the traditional technique of hashing, but controling the indexing function on the client side rather than on the server side, which allows the fine-tuning of bucket balancing, taking into account specific statistical properties of the application data. Such techniques are of general interest for symbolic computation applications such as structure editors, proof assistants, algebraic computation systems, and computational linguistics platforms. For 35 years of Automath.


Improvement of dendrochronological crops yield reconstruction by separate application of earlywood and latewood width chronologies succeeded in rain fed semiarid region. (1) Background: Tree‐ring width chronologies have been successfully applied for crops yield reconstruction models. We propose application of separated earlywood and latewood width chronologies as possible predictors improving the fitness of reconstruction models. (2) Methods: The generalized yield series of main crops (spring wheat, spring barley, oats) were investigated in rain‐fed and irrigated areas in semiarid steppes of South Siberia. Chronologies of earlywood, latewood, and total ring width of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) growing in forest‐steppe in the middle of the study area were tested as predictors of yield reconstruction models. (3) Results: In the rain‐fed territory, separation of earlywood and latewood allowed increasing variation of yield explained by reconstruction model from 17.4 to 20.5%, whereas total climatic‐driven component of variation was 41.5%. However, both tree‐ring based models explained only 7.7% of yield variation in the irrigated territory (climate inclusion increased it to 34.8%). Low temperature sensitivity of larch growth was the main limitation of the model. A 240‐year (1780–2019) history of crop failures and yield variation dynamics were estimated from the actual data and the best reconstruction model. (4) Conclusions: Presently in the study region, breeding of the environment‐resistant crops varieties compensates the increase of temperature in the yield dynamics, preventing severe harvest losses. Tree‐ring based reconstructions may help to understand and forecast response of the crops to the climatic variability, and also the probability of crop failures, particularly in the rain‐fed territories.


Backgroud
Surgical resection is a major therapeutic strategy for brain glioma. But high risk of relapse after resection poses tremendous challenges to the treatment of this disease. Many recent studies demonstrate that anesthetics affects thet growth, invasion and metastasis of the glioma. These findings attracted more and more attention from neurosurgeons.

Objective
To summarize the influence of anesthetics on the development, metastasis and relaps of the glioma.

Content
The treatment of brain glioma is challenging because of the limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms, propensity to relapse, and poor prognosis. Malignant glioma may develop from neural stem cells, and retain capability of proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Therefore, the inadequate eradication of glioma tissue during resection is the major cause of the relapse. Sedatives and hypnotics used during perioperative anesthesia have been reported to inhibit the growth, proliferation, metastasis, and relapse of the glioma. The effects of opioid analgesics on glioma are controversial. Intravenous (ketamine and etomidate) and inhaled anesthetics inhibit the activity of immune cells to facilitate the growth and metastasis of the glioma. However, there are studies showing that in in vitro systems, propofol reduces the ability of glioma to invade the surrounding tissue, and that isoflurane, sevoflurane, and lidocaine enhance apoptosis in glioma cells.

Trend
Collaboration between anesthesiologists and neurosurgeons should be strengthened to clarify the correlation between perioperative anesthesia and the prognosis of glioma. It would greatly benefit the selection of optimal anesthetics for perioperative anesthesia in patients undergoing glioma resection.

Key words:
Glioma; Anesthetics; Anesthesia, general; Anesthesia, local


By comparing the copper core,aluminum core and copper-clad aluminum core,the three different materials cables,used in typical electric transformer district low voltage lines,the miret and defect in their construct costs,line loss and other aspects were comprehensively analysed.The modification opinion for type selection of low voltage cables was proposed.


In this paper, we develop a channel simulator to generate the channel gains to an arbitrary array of receiver antennas, for a general class of non-line-of-sight channels. The channel scattering environment is defined by the angular power distribution as seen by the receiver. We derive the second order statistics of the channel gains in terms of the parameters of the angular power distribution. As an illustration of the channel simulator, we compare the performance of different direction-ofarrival techniques.


Islam has increasingly become an internal affair in several western European countries, where the Muslim population has grown to ten to fifteen million. In recent years, the European public has intensely discussed Muslims and Islam on several occasions, from terrorist attacks in London and Madrid to the debates on Danish cartoons. In short, there is today a "Muslim question" in the minds of many European politicians when it comes to the issues of immigration, integration, and security. European states have pursued diverse policies to regulate their Muslim populations. The most controversial of these policies is France's recent ban on wearing Muslim headscarves in public schools, which has been discussed in France and abroad since 1989. Other European countries, however, have taken Muslim students' headscarves as a part of their individual freedom and have not prohibited them. A survey of twelve major French and British newspapers between 1989 and 1999 shows how controversial the issue was in France, in comparison to Britain. According to the survey, the number of articles on the headscarf issue in French newspapers reached 1,174, whereas the British newspapers carried only eighteen.) As a result of this debate, a bill was passed in the French assembly and the senate and signed into the law by President Jacques Chirac in March 2004. The first article of the new law


monilethrix. The family has never had, on either side, any relative engaged in farming. This I ascertained in making inquiry to exclude the possibility of there being consanguineous relationship with the family reported by the late Professor Sir Thomas McCall Anderson in his Treatise on Diseases of the Skin (second edition, 1894). Nor is the family related to the group of twenty-two cases, including five generations, previously reported by me, of which allthe adult males from the first generation had followed the occupation of coal-miner.


Causal and temporal relations among events are typically analyzed in terms of interclausal relations. Yet participants in a monoclausal event interact causally as well, and monoclausal events unfold in temporal phases. We propose an annotation scheme for the resulting analysis of event structure types. The annotation scheme is based on a fine-grained analysis of aspectual structure combined with a novel analysis of physical event types based on proposals in the theoretical linguistics literature. By decomposing complex events in a clause, we will ultimately model the overall dynamic causal network of entities interacting over time described in a text.


PURPOSE: To provide the housing unit (of telephone set) having a visual signal generator in place of audible signal. CONSTITUTION: The color of housing unit is determined by an electrically switchable polarizing material 12, dye 28 in that material, and voltage to be applied to the color of background. This material has crystallites 14 mixed in a polymer matrix 16. Concerning any color, 1st and 2nd transparent conductive layers 8 and 19 and a color response material 30 are divided into the group of narrow strips and they are generated by being dyed in different colors. The voltage is applied to a certain strip, the desired color is generated and a visible signal is provided.


North Coastal Java Java is a fast-growing area because many big cities such as Jakarta, Cirebon, Pekalongan, Semarang, and Surabaya exist. This area is experiencing several environmental problems, the biggest of which is the problem of the rate of land subsidence. This problem is due to the geological structure. The Java Coast is located on soft soil, and some groundwater utilization activities are less controlled. This study aimed at (1) Obtaining information on the rate of land subsidence in 5 major cities on the northern coast of Java (Jakarta, Cirebon, Pekalongan, Semarang, and Surabaya) using remote sensing satellite data; (2) Analysing the accuracy of land subsidence using field survey data; (3) Estimating the potential of the region to be below 0 masl in 2031; and (4) Analysing the causes of land subsidence. The method used was Difference Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) to determine the rate of land subsidence and simulate the rate of land subsidence in the future. The results showed that the rate of land subsidence in Jakarta (8/year), Cirebon (2 cm/year), Pekalongan (11.2 cm/year), Semarang (6 cm/year), and Surabaya (4.3 cm/year). The results of the research show that the error rate of the surface subsidence rate with validation results in the City of Jakarta is ± 0.01 m. with the value of Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) =. 0.787 with a good category. Simulation results in 2031 from 3 big cities show that the area under 0 masl will increase by 2710 ha (Jakarta), 3565 ha (Pekalongan), and 846 ha (Semarang) from 2021. It seems that Pekalongan needs special attention to deal with the rate of land subsidence compared to other cities.


A two-dimensional, weakly-compressible shear layer with M1 = 0.78, M2 = 0.15 was computed using COBALT, a commercially-available full Navier-Stokes flow solver. The computed velocity field results were then used to compute thermodynamic flow-field data using a weakly-compressible model (WCM) developed at the University of Notre Dame. Comparison of results showed very-good match between the pressure fields computed using the WCM with the COBALT results, but serious discrepancies between the density and temperature fields. The discrepancies between the WCM and the COBALT results were investigated using an energy analysis.


Some students of international politics believe that realism is obsolete.1 They argue that, although realism's concepts of anarchy, self-help, and power balancing may have been appropriate to a bygone era, they have been displaced by changed conditions and eclipsed by better ideas. New times call for new thinking. Changing conditions require revised theories or entirely different ones. True, if the conditions that a theory contemplated have changed, the theory no longer applies. But what sorts of changes would alter the international political system so profoundly that old ways of thinking would no longer be relevant? Changes of the system would do it; changes in the system would not. Within-system changes take place all the time, some important, some not. Big changes in the means of transportation, communication, and war Žghting, for example, strongly affect how states and other agents interact. Such changes occur at the unit level. In modern history, or perhaps in all of history, the introduction of nuclear weaponry was the greatest of such changes. Yet in the nuclear era, international politics remains a self-help arena. Nuclear weapons decisively change how some states provide for their own and possibly for others' security; but nuclear weapons have not altered the anarchic structure of the international political system. Changes in the structure of the system are distinct from changes at the unit level. Thus, changes in polarity also affect how states provide for their security. SigniŽcant changes take place when the number of great powers reduces to two or one. With more than two, states rely for their security both on their


PT. Vale Indonesia plans to mine at the Petea location using the open pit method. If viewed from the watershed boundary, the planned mining location is located in the upstream part of the Lamunto watershed. In connection with the existence of the mining plan, a solution is required to prevent things that can harm and damage the surrounding environment prior to implementation, especially related to soil erosion which is expected to impact the Lamunto watershed which is the outlet of the planned mining location. The method used in this study is to analyse the potential for erosion that occurs using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) method with the help of the ArcGIS application. Furthermore, the calculation of the sedimentation rate is carried out using the SDR (Sediment Delivery Ratio) equation based on the calculated erosion rate and the area of the mining plan that will be used to plan the sump (sediment storage tank). The results showed that the total sediment potential in sumps A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H was 550.39 m3/year, 1195.31 m3/year, 1588.43 m3/year, 1908, 27 m3/year, 2423.33 m3/year, 1899.53 m3/year, 1941.76 m3/year, 2169.15 m3/year and 2756.29 m3/year, respectively. From these results it can be seen that the slope factor (LS) is more influential than the catchment area in calculating the sediment potential as evidenced by the total sediment potential in sump D which is greater than sump F.


The International Theatre Institute has always been an important source of communication for theatre people the world over. But, as was pointed out in this space in CTR 6, Canada's link with the ITI — the Canadian Theatre Centre — has not existed for more than two years now. It was in May of 1973 that the CTC officially ceased operation and it was at that time that Canadian ties to the organization should have been broken.


We analyze the phase diagram of single and bi-layer cuprates using the gauge-field description of the t-J model. For $T>T_{\text{BE}}$ the in-plane fermion-pairing order parameter $\Delta_{\scriptscriptstyle\parallel}$ is eliminated by gauge field fluctuations, leading us to predict the absence of a spin-gap phase in single-layer cuprates. For bi-layer cuprates the inter-layer order parameter $\Delta_\perp$ is enhanced by spin correlations, and is less affected by gauge fluctuations. We believe that the spin gap in bi-layer materials is due to inter-layer fermion pairing, and that for these underdoped samples the superconducting gap may be nodeless.


Present domestic and international technological progress with respect to alkyl polyglycosides(APG) and its derivatives were briefed.A well proven clean production process for manufacture of APG based upon direct catalytic acetalization technology was developed at the end of the ninth Five-Year Plan in China,and the technologies with respect to control of the synthesis process,highly efficient separation of surplus fatty alcohol,de-colorization of the product as well as scale-up of the manufacture process have been developed successfully.Development of alkyl glucoside derivatives can expand the functionality and application fields of APG.Recently,many varieties of alkyl glucoside derivatives including cationic glycoside,anionic glycoside and functional glucoside nonionic derivatives et al were synthesized.Some of them have been commercialized and widely used as special functional additives.Since this kind of surfactant is based upon renewable raw materials,it will get more widespread attention in the foreseeable future.


Uncertain versions of three classical optimization problems are examined: the resource allocation in a complex of independent operations and two task scheduling problems Q∥ΣCi, P∥Cmax. It is assumed that some parameters of the problems are uncertain and they belong to intervals of the known bounds. The complexity of the uncertain problems is determined. The worst-case absolute regret approach is used to evaluate the quality of the solutions. The exact, approximate or heuristic solution algorithms are proposed depending on the complexity and properties of the problems.


overall rate in the UK is estimated as 100,000 cases per annum, which roughly equates to one varicose vein operation per every 500 of the population each year. Therefore in very crude terms (taking into account a 20% recurrent operation rate) every member of the population has a 10% chance of having varicose vein surgery. The outcome of surgery is undoubtedly determined by many factors, including patients' perceptions, presenting symptoms and surgeons' abilities. The rates of recurrence are often used to question the benefits of surgery, leading to further discussion about the relationship of symptoms to the underlying disease process. The number of medicolegal claims in the field is high and possibly related to unrealistic expectations of patients. The crude levels of dissatisfaction with outcomes following surgery are also important in this area. The higher levels of dissatisfaction seen among women may reflect a greater degree of expectation or a different level of disease at the time of presentation1 . So how should we determine the need for surgery and measure its subsequent outcome? Should it be based on a physical measurement, i.e. by the quantification of incompetence, or on the patient's perception?


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) successfully completed a field-scale remediation to remove non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) from the subsurface at the Northeast Site on the Young-Rainey Science, Technology, and Research (STAR) Center, Largo, Florida. The Young-Rainey STAR Center is a former DOE facility that was previously known as the Pinellas Plant and the Pinellas STAR Center. The remediation project encompassed an area of 10,000 ft2 and depths extending to 35 ft below ground surface. Prior to the remediation, DOE evaluated technologies that had the potential to remove NAPLs from the subsurface at the site. Because of site conditions (clay lenses and an underlying clay layer that were thought to be contaminated), steam injection and electrical heating were considered to be the only technologies that had the potential to remove these NAPLs. In July 2001, DOE's contractor awarded a subcontract for removal of NAPLs from a portion of the Northeast Site. The technologies used for remediation were a combination of steam-enhanced extraction and Electro-Thermal Dynamic Stripping Process, an electrical resistive heating technology. Construction of the remediation system was completed in September 2002. Remedial operations began immediately after construction, and active heating ended in February 2003. After operations were completed, confirmatorymore » sampling was conducted during a 6-month period to verify the level of cleanup achieved. Additional confirmatory sampling was conducted 18 months after operations ended. Analytical results of the confirmatory sampling showed that NAPL concentrations were reduced significantly below the required cleanup goals and, in most cases, below the regulatory maximum contaminant levels. Lessons learned relative to the design, construction, operation, confirmatory sampling approach, and subcontracting could benefit managers of similar remediation projects.« less


This invention relates to a method and an assembly/disassembly arrangement for a tunnel thruster unit, comprising a thruster unit (2) and a tunnel (3, 4), a first attachment arrangement (31, 23) for fitting of said thruster unit (2) to said tunnel (3, 4) and at least one further attachment arrangement (100-105) for safe fitting of said thruster unit (2) in said tunnel (3, 4), wherein further attachment arrangement (100-105) is in the form of a first interface device (100, 104) fixedly attached to and protruding from attached to the inside of the tunnel wall (3) and a second interface device (102, 105) fixedly attached to said thruster unit (2).


A review was carried out of the pattern of biliarytract disease in Malaya where the population consists of three major groups: Malays, Chinese, and Indians. The review was based upon (a) a study of the comparative incidence of operations for biliary disease in the six large general hospitals serving West Malaya, and (b) a more detailed study of 120 consecutive patients undergoing operations on the biliary tract in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.


This paper uses a combination method of word frequency statistics and social network analysis, which based on the bibliographic analysis of 1 628 academic articles collected by Chinese academic journal network publication database. The quantitative analysis is being applied to five aspects of the publishing time, journal and author distribution, cited times as well as the research institution. And the knowledge map based on keywords indicates that there are four research contents of collections and facilities, librarians and readers, work and services, construction and development around the primary library, which includes the county library, the street library, the town library, the community library, the mobile library, the rural library, the farmer book store and so on.


Infection with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni drives the development of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells (Breg cells) which suppress experimental allergic airway inflammation. Here we investigated whether schistosomal egg antigens (SEA) directly interact with B cells and induce development of IL-10-producing Breg cells. Splenic B cell cytokine production and regulatory capacity was analysed after repeated intraperitoneal injection of SEA into C57BL/6 mice. To identify cell types that bind SEA in vivo, mice were intravenously injected with fluorescently labeled SEA and spleens analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. For in vitro assays, naive CD19 sorted splenic B cells were cultured with SEA to study binding as well as B cell cytokines and regulatory capacity. SEA treatment upregulated IL-10, CD40 and CD86 expression by splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells in vivo, and MZ B cells as well as MZ macrophages bound SEA. Importantly, SEA could also induce Breg cell development in vitro which was further increased by CD40 ligation, whereas TLR2- and TLR4-signaling was not involved. SEA-induced Breg cells triggered regulatory T cell development and suppressed T cell IFN-γ production in co-culture experiments. Macrophages were dispensable for Breg induction as shown by macrophage depletion in SEA-treated mice. In conclusion, schistosomal egg antigens can drive Breg cell development by targeting B cells directly. Current work focuses on the identification of relevant molecules in SEA and the role of pattern-recognition receptors to provide new insights in the generation of Breg cells. This may form a basis for novel therapies against allergic disorders by enhancing Breg cell activity.


Many typologically distinct languages express indirect evidentiality in their tense/aspect system. This paper studies the past tense marker -sqa of Cuzco Quechua which gives rise to indirect evidential interpretations. In Quechua, evidentiality is primarily expressed by a system of enclitics which specify the speaker's type of source of information as the best possible, reportative, or conjectural. This paper argues that -sqa is not of the same type as these enclitics. The latter encode an evidential relation between the speaker and the proposition expressed, but -sqa does not. -sqa does also not encode an epistemic relation as has been argued for similar markers of other languages. Instead, -sqa is analysed as a deictic element which locates the described eventuality outside the speaker's perceptual field at topic time. The evidential interpretations associated with -sqa arise only indirectly from this spatial meaning. The Quechua data suggest that two types of evidentiality have to be distinguished: propositional-level evidentiality, which is a relation between the speaker and the proposition, and event-level evidentiality, which, in the case of Quechua, is deictically induced.


The paper introduces a new connected filter which provides image simplification in terms of flat zone and graylevel reduction. This filtering consists of the application of morphological operators to the histogram. It is done because each object in the image has a significative distribution of graylevels in the histogram. In other words, it is enough to classify the distributions in the histogram for simplification of those objects. The article also shows some experimental results, where the proposed method is compared to other classical methods applied to flat zone and graylevel reduction.


Background: With cardiovascular diseases rated as the leading cause of death in Brazil, monitoring risk factors is an essential step towards reducing this problem. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of the main cardiovascular risk factors among adults living in Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Methods: Observational, descriptive and transversal study, with sample of 1,060 adults admitted to the Chest Pain Unit at the Sul Fluminense University Hospital in Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro State. It is based on a retrospective analysis of standardized questionnaires completed by patients presenting chest pain, evaluated by: sex, gender, hypertension, diabetes, overweight/ obesity, sedentary lifestyles, prior history of acute myocardial infarction, family history, alcohol consumption, smoking and dyslipidemia. The data were stored and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software. A 95% Confidence Interval was used, together with the chi-square test for statistical analysis, with significance at 1% and 5%. Results: The sample consisted of 51.4% females and 48.6% males. The main risk factors were: 65% hypertension, 49.4% family history, 42.8% sedentary lifestyles, 25.3% overweight/obesity, 23% smoking, 22.9% dyslipidemia, 19.7% diabetes, 18.5% infarction and 8.6% alcoholism. Conclusion: The magnitude of the prevalence of these risk factors suggests that health promotion and preventive strategies must be stepped up, in parallel to improving emergency care for patients at risk for coronary disease.


The multiple murder tragedy at the University of Iowa on November 1, 1991, causes a major crisis. This article describes the tragedy, the psychological response, and unplanned consequences from a public and a private perspective. As a result of this experience, the author offers practical suggestions for emergency preparedness and implementing a responsive campus culture.


Fashion, acknowledged as among the most polluting industries, is responsible for excessive production and consumption, necessitating a reevaluation and transformation of current strategies by adopting more sustainable ones. The emergence of fashion subscription services (FSSs) has the potential to mitigate the industry's unsustainability. However, it is empirically unknown whether FSSs contribute to sustainable consumption and, if so, how their slow adoption can be addressed. This research: (a) examined whether consumers who already use FSSs are more engaged in pro‐environmental behaviors (Study 1), and (b) developed and tested an adoption model with a strong underscore on the mediating role of psychological ownership (Study 2). The results revealed that those who subscribe to such services display sustainable consumption behaviors, and psychological ownership acted as a critical mediator facilitating service adoption intentions. This research offers empirical evidence to support the theoretical premise of the service's positive impact on environmental sustainability and a strategic direction to accelerate its market penetration.


THE identification and cataloging of germ plasm resistant to pathogenic organisms are basic to the successful development of resistant varieties. This may be done either on a varietal or gene basis and by the use of either pure or mixed cultures of the pathogene. However, for greatest utility such an index should be reduced to its simplest component, that of gene-race interaction. With this information available, the development of resistant varieties resolves itself to the proper combination of the available germ plasm to provide for maximum race coverage. Information on the linkage relationships of the genes involved is necessary to determine whether the desired combinations can be obtained. Briggs and associates (1, 2, 6, 11, 16) have identified seven genes conditioning resistance to race T-l of Tilletta caries (DC.) Tul. Two of the genes in combination provide protection against at least 25 of the 31 races presently isolated (10). Although four of these genes are located in one linkage group (9, 16) , sufficient crossing-over occurs to permit their combination into one variety if desired. In this paper additional information on the linkage relationships of these genes is presented. The genetics of resistance of two varieties, California 3028 and California 3029, which contribute information to some of the linkage values under consideration is also reported.


Direct calculation of the time of flight for synthetic-aperture imaging requires determination of the square root of the sum of squares. The time-of-flight surface can be approximated by a polynomial that can be evaluated in a singleaddition time. Furthermore, the structure of the approximation is suitable for VLSI implementation. With a separate time-of-flight calculator for each transmit-receive pair the processing for a 512 x 512 synthetic-aperture image can be done at a 30 Hz frame rate with existing VLSI technologies.


This article re-examines Archie Lee's framework of cross-textual reading and offers a new pattern for so-called communitarian cross-textual reading. Our critical assessment of the chosen method will address two subjects. The first is a reflection on the validity of the use of this hermeneutical method, including whether this method is proper, workable, and legitimate concerning the possibilities offered by the Asian context with its multiple religious sacred texts. The second is a reflection on the challenges that appear within this biblical reading approach; challenges this method should face constructively in the Asian context. In conclusion, this article will also try to offer an innovative reading model.


This article argues that Carrigan's criticism of Sir Owen Dixon's strict legalism provides a clear example of the preconceptions and misconceptions that blind most opponents of Dixon's method It argues that Carrigan's examination of a series of labour law cases does not support his contention that Dixon was a covert judicial activist; that, in contrast to the close relationship between strict legalism and popular democracy, opponents of strict legalism seem far more comfortable with the politics of the reactionary past: and that strict legalism is a necessary preconditon if the common law is to act as an institutional counterweight to an unbridled market. Rather than viewing strict legalism as a misleading and misconceived way of understanding the judicial role, it should be understood as an essential precondition for the operation of the rule of law and the continued independence of the common law in an era of impoverished institutional life.


The research aimed to investigate the effect of pantomime games on students' speaking skills at SMP Negeri 22 Kota Jambi in the academic year of 2019/2020. The researcher used a pre-experimental design which is the design uses One-Group Pretest-Posttest. The population of this research was the seventh grade of SMP Negeri 22 Kota Jambi. The sample of this research was one class consisting of 30 students. The researcher used an oral speaking test in collecting the data. The overall mean score of speaking pre-test of students' speaking skills before being taught by using the pantomime game was 66,13. After getting the treatment, the overall mean score of speaking post-test of students' speaking skills was 74,96. It shows that the result of the post-test is higher than the pre-test. The questionnaire is another instrument to support the research data to know students' level of motivation and attitude. There are 10 questions for motivation and 10 for attitude. Every item gets a high level (mean in the range 2,61 to 3,40).
Based on the result of data analysis using a paired sample t-test, the value of significant (2-tailed) was 0,000 < 0,05. It means that alternative hypothesis (Ha) state there is a significant difference of students' speaking score before and after they are taught using pantomime game is accepted, while the null hypothesis (Ho) state there is no significant difference of students' speaking score before and after they are taught by using pantomime game is rejected. It can be concluded that the pantomime game is effective to be used in learning English, especially for speaking skills.


The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. It is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity. This study was conducted to explore spatial variability and temporal trends of temperature and rainfall in association with farmers' perceptions and their adaptation strategies in Southwest Ethiopia. Daily rainfall and temperature data of twelve weather stations were collected from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia for the period 1983 to 2016. Farmers' perceptions about climate change and its impact and their adaptation strategies were assessed through a survey. Spatial variability and temporal trends of rainfall and temperature were analyzed using ArcGIS and R software. Sen's slope estimator and Mann–Kendall's trend tests were used to detect the magnitude and statistical significance of changes in rainfall and temperature. Spatial analysis of rainfall showed high variability over the region. There were no consistent and significant temporal trends of annual and seasonal rainfall of the area. Significant and upward trends of annual maximum and minimum temperatures were reported for all stations. Accordingly, annual maximum and minimum temperatures were increased by 0.71 and 0.65°C, respectively, over the period 1983 to 2016. Farmers had a good awareness of climate change and its impact. Adaptation strategies used by farmers included soil and water conservation practices (66.21%), crop diversification (62.16%), modifying planting date (42.56%), agroforestry practices (35.13%), use of drought-tolerant variety (33.95%), use of early maturing crop (27.03%), and livelihood diversification (25.42%). As most of these adaptation strategies were familiarized by a small number of farmers, further effort is needed to identify factors limiting the adoption of these strategies. Furthermore, additional planned strategies and supports that widen available options at the farmers' disposal should be introduced to strengthen their adaptive capacity.


Objective To investigate the expression and the clinical significance of diacylglycerol kinase α (DGKα) and protein kinase C (PKC) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods DGKα and PKC expressions in the samples from 60 pathologically confirmed HCC patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between DGKo expression and clinical pathology factors was analyzed.Results The expression positive rates of DGKo and PKC were highest in normal liver tissues [90.0% (9/10) and 100.0% (10/10)].The positive rates were 81.7 % (49/60) and 71.7 % (43/60) in HCC tissues,respectively,and were 58.3 % (35/60) and 61.7 % (37/60) in carcinoma adjacent tissues,respectively.In three liver tissues,the positive rates of DGKα and PKC were significantly different (P <0.05).The location of both kinases in hepatocytes translocated from cytoplasm/nucleus to membrane.The expressions of DGKα and PKC were positively correlation (r =0.495, P < 0.05), The DGKα expression was correlated to differentiation type,portal venous tumor thrombus and TNM staging (all P < 0.05).Conclusion DGKa is expressed with high activity in advanced stage and poorly differentiated HCC. It may be promote the pathological process of HCC.

Key words:
Diacylglycerol kinase; Protein kinase C; Liver neoplasms


Nascent volatiles from the pyrolysis of a type of woody biomass were reformed in a bed of charcoal at 750 - 850 C. While the volatiles passed through the bed together with air at an air ratio of 0.115, concentration of heavy tar (b.p. > 336 C) decreased from 910,000 to 6 - 1,020 mg/Nm3-dry. Such a fast and nearly complete decomposition of the tar was associated with its deposition onto the charcoal surface forming coke. The coke formation caused loss of the charcoal's micropores that provided active sites, and therefore simultaneous creation of micropores by gasification was necessary for suppressing loss of the charcoal activity. Steam played a role of gasifying agent while O2 was consumed mainly by gas-phase oxidation supplying heat of reaction.


Our goal is to maintain 1+1 path protection as much as possible after a single failure occurs for ensuring carrier-grade reliability. An obvious approach is preparing a third path that is disjoint with the primary and backup paths, but applicability to actual networks with this approach is extremely restricted. From our evaluation, the recovery ratio for reconstructing 1+1 path protection decreases to 13–30% in the worst case. We propose a dynamic disjoint path discovery algorithm for possibly repairing 1+1 path protection. The dynamic path does not provide a path-disjoint but failed-link-disjoint path. The disjoint constraint is relaxed; therefore, our algorithm can provide a high recovery ratio to reconstruct 1+1 path protection. Our analysis identified the dominant elements for maintaining the high recovery ratio: the number of nodes whose node degrees are less than three and the distance between those nodes. This dynamic approach, which uses mature protocols, is applicable to various networks, and automatic preparation of the new backup path can reduce the OPEX.


Plasma arc welding (PAW) is an arc welding process similar to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The electric arc is formed between an electrode (which is usually but not always made of sintered tungsten) and the workpiece. The key difference from GTAW is that in PAW, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas envelope. The plasma is then forced through a fine-bore copper nozzle which constricts the arc and the plasma exits the orifice at high velocities (approaching the speed of sound) and a temperature approaching 28,000 °C (50,000 °F) or higher.


In this paper,the action of electronic effect of leaving groups on S NAr reactions was discussed.On the basis of reaction examples,through analyzing electronic effect of halogen leaving groups in reacting substance and intermediate complex,combining reaction mechanisms,adopting basic organic theories,the corresponding relations between electro negativity,electronic effect,especially induction effect of leaving groups and reacting rate were explained qualitatively.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the appendiceal wall structure change(AWSC) in acute appendicitis ultrasound for the diagnosis.Methods Made a retrospective analysis to those who have made appendix ultrasound examination before operation and confirmed by surgical operation in 73 patients with acute appendicitis ultrasonography.Compared the operation result,analysis the relationship between appendiceal wall structure change and appendicitis.Results In all 73 patients with acute appendicitis,there are 63 patients with submucosal thickening,and 3 patients with submucosa interrupt,and 46 patients with unclear submucosa,and 23 patients with submucosa negative.Conclusion Appendiceal wall layer thickening,interrupting,levels of ambiguity is one of the indicia of acute appendicitis ultrasounds,and the acute inflammatory response performance of appendix by inflammatory infiltrates the occurrence,and appendix submucosa structure interrupt reflects the possibility of appendectomy gangrenous lesions.Appendiceal wall structure has played an important role in the diagnosis of appendicitis.