Municipal wastewater treatment is largely based on activated sludge (AS) systems due to their ability to reduce biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD). They are similarly efficient in nitrification and denitrification. However, major drawbacks such as foaming associated with the prevalence of lipids (fats, oil, grease (FOG)) and proteinaceous material arise, which reduces AS efficiency – a focus of this review. Many strategies are employed for foam reduction in AS systems, where proliferation of foam-forming microorganisms can be challenging. To understand foam formation, prevention and deterioration, including destabilisation, a multidisciplinary mitigation approach is required, in which some bioprocess aspects such as foam destabilisation kinetics should be understood and quantified. This review reports on biological foam formation and source in wastewater treatment, defoaming strategies, and biofoam destabilisation kinetics as well as factors affecting foam stability.


A novel inductor voltage control (IVC) method cable of achieving any input power factor including unity is being proposed for buck-type AC-DC pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters. In this method, the input inductor voltage is kept within hysteresis band about a sinusoidal template, thus ensuring sinusoidal input current. This control is much less sensitive to parameter and control signal changes than the existing delta modulation control (DMC). In this paper the IVC method is applied to single-phase buck-type converter. Useful design results based on steady-state analysis have been presented. Simulation and experimental results have been provided to verify the theoretical results. The companion paper extends the applicability of the IVC control method to three-phase converters also. The proposed IVC method has potential in applications requiring AC-DC rectifiers with over-current/short-circuit current limit.


This article shows results of a search on the cultures of childhood wich was developed at an institution of Early Childhood Education. It aimed mainly to investigate how the four axes of children cultures works: interactivity, playfulness, fantasy of real and reiteration. The methodology is qualitative, and it was characterized as action research. As for the results achieved, we highlight, the methodology itself that required the participation of individuals from the partner institution, the university team performance in the context investigated and the pursuit of the transformation of reality. These requirements increased the demands of commitment, mutual respect, team work and tolerance among social actors in different institutions. The situation's study, discussion and intervention led to clashes between concepts and showed different looks for the child and for educational practice. We also emphasize the influences on pedagogical work, because it was found that the educators have expanded and updated their views, especially with regard to education for childhood and the importance of playful activities as an axis of the cultures of childhood. At diagnosis, we found that they charged too severe behavior that turned into obstacles to the peculiar activities of children. The expansion of the topic's understanding made the teachers to relate the four axes of childhood cultures together and realize the need of their role as mediators and responsible for conditions that ensure the participation of children as protagonists, and the right to an education that respects the childhood specificities.


In this paper, I investigate how agricultural commodity prices affect individual demand for land registration in a developing country, focussing on Uganda as a case study. I use panel data on the tenure of land harvested by Ugandan farmers from the World Bank's Living Standards Measurement Study, price data from the IMF and the US Bureau of Labour Statistics, and land-use data from GAEZ. The analysis spans the period 2005-2011, and is performed via fixed effects regression, controlling for various household-level covariates. My main regressor is a price index weighting international prices of agricultural commodities by the structure of land use at the sub-county level, whereas my outcomes of interest are various measure of land tenure and land market activities of Ugandan farmers. I find that commodity prices encourage land registration, land market activity and land improving investment. Results are robust to several alternative specifications for the price index. To account for the observed findings, I build a simple theoretical framework where I hypothesise that the impact of prices on individual demand for land property rights results from the interaction of an income effect, a composite incentive effect stemming from increased land values and higher insecurity, and unbalanced opportunities created by the social context where farmers operate. I support the claim with empirical evidence of a positive impact of prices on sales revenues, and by observing that results on land certification are stronger for the prices of cash and tree crops, which (i) are more highly valued on local and international markets; (ii) represent a fixed investment on land that is best internalised when the plot is registered and property rights formalised; and (iii) are therefore more subject to the threat of expropriation and land grabbing. I finally document the asymmetric nature of the observed results across different groups of the population: the farmer's relative social position, together with the overall extent of social capital in their social context of reference, substantially influence the strength of their response to crop prices. Privileged groups like wealthy households benefit disproportionately from an increase in prices, but the effect is attenuated in areas with higher social capital. Households belonging to ethnic minorities instead fare significantly worse in ethnically concentrated areas than in fractionalised ones.


The modern communication era has led to a proliferation of digital media contents. However, the large volume of data poses difficulties because of increased bandwidth and limited storage space. Hence, this has led to the need for compression techniques. Image compression with block processing allows the coder to adapt to local image statistics and exploit the correlation present among neighboring image pixels. The main degradation factor of block transform coding is blocking artifacts (visually undesirable patterns) at high compression ratios. The degradation occurs because of coarse quantization of the transform coefficients and the independent processing of the blocks. In this paper, the novelty of the algorithm is its ability to detect and reduce the blocking artifacts using nonseparable discrete fractional Fourier transform (NSDFrFT) at high compression ratios. Three transform techniques, namely nearest neighbor interpolation, bilinear interpolation, and bicubic interpolation, were implemented. The NSDFrFT-bicubic interpolation resulted in a structurally similar high subjective quality reconstructed image with reduced blocking (for low frequency images) at high compression ratios. Simulation results are calculated with many image quality metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio, mean square error, structural similarity index, and gradient magnitude similarity measure. Evaluations, such as comparisons between the proposed and existing algorithms (DFrFT, FFT), are presented with relevant tables, graphs, and figures.


Abstract Multimode silicon photonics is attracting more and more attention because the introduction of higher-order modes makes it possible to increase the channel number for data transmission in mode-division-multiplexed (MDM) systems as well as improve the flexibility of device designs. On the other hand, the design of multimode silicon photonic devices becomes very different compared with the traditional case with the fundamental mode only. Since not only the fundamental mode but also the higher-order modes are involved, one of the most important things for multimode silicon photonics is the realization of effective mode manipulation, which is not difficult, fortunately because the mode dispersion in multimode silicon optical waveguide is very strong. Great progresses have been achieved on multimode silicon photonics in the past years. In this paper, a review of the recent progresses of the representative multimode silicon photonic devices and circuits is given. The first part reviews multimode silicon photonics for MDM systems, including on-chip multichannel mode (de)multiplexers, multimode waveguide bends, multimode waveguide crossings, reconfigurable multimode silicon photonic integrated circuits, multimode chip-fiber couplers, etc. In the second part, we give a discussion about the higher-order mode-assisted silicon photonic devices, including on-chip polarization-handling devices with higher-order modes, add-drop optical filters based on multimode Bragg gratings, and some emerging applications.


This paper considers an environmental regulatory agency that sets both the emissions standard and the enforcement parameters in contrast to the usual treatment in which the agency sets only one of the two. It is shown that if the agency's budget is sufficiently small, it sets the strictest possible standard and adopts a policy that minimizes noncompliance with that standard, thus legitimizing the literature that assumes this behavior on the part of the agency. In contrast, if the budget is sufficiently large, the agency can obtain its unconstrained optimum, but this optimum has too little pollution from a social perspective.


The effect of freezing temperatures (-18 and -75 °C) on two strains (ES1 and ES2) of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was evaluated. The strains were inoculated in beef broth samples to simulate meat contamination, and a rich (Trypticase Soy Agar) and selective medium (Violet Red Bile Agar) was used to estimate the extreme limit of growth and recovery after a stocking period of 60 days. Both strains of E. coli O157:H7 studied were able to survive freezing treatments. Cell viability was significantly affected by -18 °C, but only marginally by -75 °C. Strain ES2 demonstrated a better adaptation to freezing stress than strain ES1, confirming that this can be strain-specific.


Abstract For the past several decades it has been recognized that deficits in both pantomime expression and pantomime recognition exist as part of the syndrome of communication deficits associated with aphasia. To test the major theories proposed to explain the cause(s) of these pantomimic deficits and their association with aphasic verbal deficits, path analysis and LISREL were used to analyse five causal models. (Path analysis is a type of structural equation modelling and LISREL is a computer program used to assess the models against the obtained data.) Data were obtained from 41 left-hemisphere-damaged aphasic subjects. The results of the path and LISREL analyses led to the rejection of four of the five models. Three of the four rejected models tested asymbolia, intellectual loss, limb apraxia, and visual processing deficit as sole causal factors; the fourth rejected model was a multicausal model testing intellectual loss, limb apraxia, asymbolia, and visual processing deficit. The one model that prov...


Objective To investigate the perioperative nursing for ITI dental implant and summarize the nursing experience.Methods Seventy-two cases of ITI system dental implant cases in our hospital from December 2010 to November 2012 were randomly chosen as the research object.They were divided into two groups,and the control group was taken with usual care,the observation group was given perioperative care,the effects after nursing were compared.Results In addition to the average treatment costs,there was no significant difference.The differences of mean follow-up times,quality of life score,the average time of treatment,and patients' satisfaction levels for the two groups were obvious between the two groups,there was statistically significance(P 0.05).The differences in success rate,failure rate,relapse rate,infection rate,complication rate of the control group and the observation group were significant,there was statistical significance(P 0.05).Conclusion Effective perioperative care for ITI system dental implant can effectively improve the clinical outcomes and patients' satisfaction.


This chapter analyses five sets of challenges related to logistics support that constrained AMISOM's operational effectiveness. These revolved around the expanding scope of UNSOA's mandated tasks; the clash between the distinct organizational cultures at the UN and the AU; the highly insecure operating environment in Somalia; the problems posed by the size of UNSOA's theatre of operations from 2012; and some of the idiosyncrasies of its principal client, AMISOM. UNSOA had a mixed record but overall produced positive results for AMISOM and demonstrated a new, flexible mechanism for the UN to deliver field support. The chapter concludes by identifying six lessons UNSOA's experience offers for future peace operations, especially in Africa.


A new smart wheel has been designed and tested. The smart wheel is able to measure the three forces and the three moments acting at the wheel-ground interface. The wheel is based on an original structural concept and it appears to be simple enough to be implemented in future automobiles. The paper presents the concept, the design issues and the experimental testing of the smart wheel. The structural part is composed basically by three spokes whose deformations (depending on the forces applied to the wheel) are sensed by means of strain gauges. The strain gauges signals can be filtered, amplified and digitally converted before they are transmitted to a remote receiver. Multi-Objective Programming has been used to design the system in order to reduce its mass and to maximise the sensor accuracy. After an accurate calibration phase, a series of experimental tests have been performed. First, the dynamic testing of the sensor has been completed through indoor tests, then the smart wheel has been fitted to a production passenger car. The performance of the smart wheel fits well the need of improving the active safety of automobiles. In other terms, the information given by the wheel, allowing to sense the three forces and the three moments, should lead to considerable improvement of the ABS and ESP/VDC performance with respect to today control logics.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


Nigel Taylor is a locum vet and consultant vet for the University of Exeter

I have a dream.

Now I'll admit, I'm no Agnetha, so it's not as tuneful as ABBA's, nor is it as momentously meaningful as Martin's, but it's a dream and, disconcertingly, it's all mine.

It comes to me at midnight. I'm sitting in a lecture theatre at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC). A week from now I'll be taking my final exams, and so it's time for a last-minute lecture on eyes.

Our lecturer Peter Bedford is cataloguing the complications of cataract care and, to be honest, I'm starting to doze off. Suddenly, there's a tap on my shoulder. It's the college secretary. 'We've been checking our records and we've noticed you failed your physics A level.' She pauses tersely, 'We'd like you to leave. Now!' …


A mathematical model for  calculation of a jet power impact on a barrier consisting of a corrosive deposit layer  has been proposed on the basis of an upper-bound method and accepted assumptions. A variational problem associated with determination of a minimum destruction pressure has been solved and a theoretical dependence for pressure calculation at the point of jet-barrier collision with due account of mechanical properties of the destroyed material and kinematic jet parameters has been obtained in the paper. Comparison of experimental data obtained by means of the EDP-30 sensor with the theoretical ones has shown a divergence of 15–19 % within velocity range of the jet impact from 150 to 300 m/s.


Andre Gorz's theory of ecological political philosophy is an important part of Eco-Marxism.He thinks that ecological science is of practical significance only when combined with political science,and when using political means to solve ecological problems.He points out that,for the better solution of ecological problems,we need to play the political role of political science under the instruction of ecological science.Only in this way can we make ecology approach political science so that the ecological movement has a political significance.Gorz criticizes capitalism from the perspective of ecological politics,and thinks that the source of capitalism ecosystem crisis is a capitalism profit motive.Therefore,the best choice to protect environment is advanced socialism.


The Upper Tenmile Creek, which gives Helena most of its public water supply, is contaminated by historic mining activity. This mining adit drains into the creek creating elevated arsenic concentrations in the stream. These elevated arsenic levels can cause co-selection for arsenic and antibiotic resistance in microbial communities. The presence of these resistance genes was assessed through PCR near the Susie Lode and Lee Mountain mines in the Upper Tenmile Creek Superfund Site. Then isolated strains of bacteria were grown on selective media and their 16S genes were assessed to find the identity of each bacterial colony. There was detection of the tetW gene and amplification of the 16S gene, however none of the sequences were of sufficient quality to confirm the identity of bacteria growing on the selective media. Introduction: Nearly 2 million people acquire an antibiotic resistant infection annually in the United States (CDC 2013). Although this number is high, antibiotic resistant infections have not always been as much of a concern as they are today. A study conducted in the Netherlands by Knapp et al. (2010) showed that from five archival soil samples spanning from 1940 to 2008, all increased in abundance of the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Knapp et al. (2010) tested the abundance of eighteen different ARGs in the soil samples, which all showed a range of two to fifteen times greater abundance of ARGs, with tetracycline resistance being the most common. Research links this increase with the increase of industrialization of antibiotics after WWII (Finley et al. 2013). Moreover, the use of antibiotics in agriculture has been detected as a source of selection for antibiotic resistant microbes, such as in fish aquacultures (Seiler & Berendok 2012). Seiler and Berendok (2012) also suggest that metals in microbial environments may cause cross-resistance for antibiotics. At the local level, acid mine drainage causes selection for microorganisms adapted to the contaminated and acidic stream sediments (Delavat et al. 2012). One of the most abundant metals


Cemented carbide insert of the first material comprises at least have one of the cutting points, and irregular transition region between each of the cemented carbide made of the second material of cemented carbide. Method for producing a cemented carbide insert, filling the mold with powder of a first material, and its top corners, that by placing the powder of the second material, the pressing and sintering including.


Ferromagnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3)/polyrhodanine nanoparticles with average diameters of ca. 10 nm were prepared by a one-step synthetic procedure and applied as a recyclable antibacterial agent towards Gram-negative/positive bacteria.


The present study has been conducted to investigate taxonomic aspects of the piscian cestode focusing on its morphological characters. freshwater catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from sampling stations and examined for tapeworm parasites. Six tapeworm parasites were found from its Intestine. The morphological study of cestode indicates that parasitic diversity is available in the Ganga river at Prayagraj (U.P.) region. Morphotaxonomic characters were examined as – H, butterfly-shaped ovary, vitelline follicle - cortical.


A 13C NMR experiment is proposed in which spin–lattice relaxation time T1 is determined for carbon atoms in a sample of liquid n-hexanol. The effective correlation times for rotational reorientation are calculated to determine the relative mobility of the carbon chain units.


The stress of acetabular liner under the load in a gait cycle is simulated by finite element method. The contact states of acetabular liner are discussed under different material combinations of femoral head with acetabulum and different contact positions. The results show that the maximum contact stress often occurs in the rear quarter section of the acetabular liner,which is consistent with the composition of forces on the hip. The stress of acetabulum liner highly depends on the location of acetabular liners. In some cases,some kind of material combination of femoral head with acetabulum may change the contact state fundamentally.


From 1991 to 2003, 75,650 daily milk records from 111 Friesian cows maintained at Mahwa station in Burundi were used to study the effects of the lactation length, age at calving, year and month of lactation, and parity on daily milk yield (DMY). Data were analyzed by the GLM procedure in SAS. All factors affected DMY significantly (p < 0.001). The overall average was 8.71 L/d. The peak milk yield of 11.48 ± 0.20 L/d occurred at the 15 th day in milk on the lactation curve. The estimated linear (L/month) and quadratic (L/month²) regression coefficients for age at calving (in months) were –0.26 and 0.0052 in first parity, 0.49 and –0.0056 in second parity, and –0.22 and 0.0013 in third parity and above, respectively. Milk production decreased according to the year of lactation with the highest decrease in 1993. The minimum milk production was observed in 1995 with 6.91 ± 0.17 L/d and the maximum in 1991 with 15.55 ± 0.45 L/d. Milk production was significantly higher in February (9.75 ± 0.13 L/d) in the middle of the rainy season than in September (7.60 ± 0.13 L/d) at the end of the dry season. Least-squares means for DMY for first, second, and third lactations and above were 11.47 ± 0.30, 5.23 ± 0.09 and 10.11 ± 0.06 L/d, respectively.


Objective In order to research the function of GVDE gene which was cloned from ginger leaves.Method Using tobacco plants as material,an antisense expression GVDE vector to transform tobacco leaves was constructed. Transgenic assays were performed using PCR and PCR-Southern. At the same time the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and antioxidative enzymes were measured.Result PCR amplification and PCR-Southern demonstrated that this antisense gene was successfully integrated into tobacco genome. NPQ,Fv/Fm in transgenic tobacco were lower than in CK under high light,and the activities of APX,SOD and POD in transgenic tobacco were also lower than in CK.ConclusionThe ability of radiationless energy dissipation decreased evidently in transgenic tobacco under high light.


The draft Singapore code of practice for noise control on construction and demolition sites which was published in 1982 is discussed in this paper. It is based on the British code (BS 5228) but has significant variations to account for local conditions. The warm weather, which requires windows to be open, and the almost non-stop work on construction sites to augment the economy are two examples. Noise protection for construction workers as well as for local residents is also a matter of concern. The unit chosen for specifying and measuring noise in the code is the time equivalent sound energy level (leq in dba), as in most countries, but the duration is very short, 5 minutes. For Singapore, 70 dba leq (5 min), is a more acceptable description of construction noise annoyance than those used elsewhere in the world. Coupled to this a long term descriptor such as the lleq series may be applicable. The code also emphasises the need to plan ahead, use quiet equipment (such as "silent" air compressors), select quick techniques and maintain good site management. During the actual construction the contractor is responsible for monitoring noise levels and for warning local residents of unavoidable periods of objectionable noise levels. Six types of districts are covered, and detailed in this paper. Good practice in regard to workers' hearing is included, requiring the provision of hearing proctectors and regular audiometric measurements. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 816933.


I SHALL assume in this paper that the principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles is a necessary proposition to the effect that it is impossible for two or more distinct individuals to possess all their properties in common. By an individual, I shall mean any entity that possesses qualities (including relational properties) and is not itself an instance of either a quality or a relation. (This is substantially McTaggart's definition of a substance.') As I have stated it, the principle is, as we shall see, pretty vague. But it may avoid needless ambiguity if we postulate that it is a necessary principle. Leibniz, for example, does not make it quite clear whether the principle is a necessary one or not. He offers proofs that seem appropriate to a necessary statement but, on the other hand, he cites empirical evidence in its favour.


Ionically mediated phenomena underpin the functioning of various devices, including batteries, solid oxide fuel cells, memristors, and neuromorphic devices. The ionic behavior corresponding to ionically mediated phenomena causes not only variations in the electrical properties but also mechanical deformation, which is crucial for device reliability. However, the interrelation between ionically mediated electrical properties and mechanical deformation has not been elucidated yet. This study investigates ionically mediated mechanical deformation accompanied by memristive switching in a TiO2 single crystal through simultaneous conductive atomic force microscopy and electrochemical strain microscopy. A comprehensive analysis indicates the existence of a relationship between mechanical deformation and memristive switching based on the ionic behavior. Furthermore, an ionic state variable is used to simplify the interrelation between the electrochemical strain hysteresis and memristive switching associated with applied voltage. This study provides insights on the ionic behavior and can be extended to other systems for the general analysis of the relationship between mechanical deformation and electrical properties.


The objective was to explore the possible impacts of dietary supplementation with a synbiotic, organic acids or their combination on the growing efficiency, carcass traits and some blood constituents in broilers. In total, 160 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were randomly assigned into four equal groups (40 birds with 8 replicates). The control group received the basal diet with no supplements, while diets of the treated groups were supplemented with organic acids (OA; 1 g/kg), a synbiotic (S; 1 g/kg) and an equal mix of OA and the synbiotic (OS; 2 g/kg). The dietary supplementation with OA decreased the feed intake (P = 0.011) and bodyweight gain (P = 0.011) when compared with other experimental groups. However, the dietary supplementation with the synbiotic plus OA resulted in a considerable improvement in the overall feed conversion rate when compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.001). Groups fed the diets supplemented with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA showed significantly higher net profits and the profit to cost ratio than did the CON and OA-supplemented groups (P = 0.010 and 0.005 respectively). Birds in the S and OS groups had a significantly higher jejunum villus height (P = 0.001), and carcass (P = 0.012) and breast meat (P = 0.001) yields than did those in the control and OA groups. However, the synbiotic-supplemented group produced significantly lower abdominal fat percentage (P = 0.021). The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic or the synbiotic plus OA decreased the lymphocyte counts (P = 0.003) and the serum reduced glutathione concentration (P = 0.001), but significantly decreased the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.001), and the serum cholesterol (P = 0.014) and oxidised glutathione (P = 0.002) concentrations compared with the control and OA-supplemented groups. The present findings showed that dietary supplementation with a synbiotic or a synbiotic plus OA can improve the growth performance, carcass traits, serum antioxidant activity and blood-related indices in broilers.


Authors of this article considered the actual problems facing teachers of the Russian higher school. Characterizing foreign language skills as one of key common cultural competences of the successful competitive expert, authors noted an imperative need of restructuring of process of training in a foreign language, and also process of implementation of monitoring of quality of training due to active integration into them of information and communicative technologies. This article discusses the typology of educational Internet resources, possibilities of use of SKYPE and webinars (online seminars) in the course of the foreign language teaching. Authors placed particular emphasis that application of Internet technologies shouldn't become end in itself on class in a foreign language, remaining in balance with more traditional techniques of training. Proceeding from situation that effective monitoring of quality of language preparation is the integral component of successful process of formation and increase of level of language, cross-cultural and communicative competences of students, authors noted the positive effect of introduction of control and measuring materials on an electronic basis (Moodle, e-Learning, etc.) in educational process at the higher school. In article authors accented the role of control and measuring materials on an electronic basis as means of processing, the analysis and systematization of information on the quality of language training of students providing strong feedback between the student and the teacher. Modern development of this type helps to trace systematically process and result of digestion of material by students of the higher school and, if necessary, in due time to introduce amendments in educational process. Authors believe that as a result of the weighed application of Internet technologies, the teacher of the higher school has an opportunity to provide actual tracking the course of educational process for improvement of quality of language training of students.


18650 type Li-ion battery with nominal capacity of 1 000 mAh was prepared using modified LiFePO4 and coated carbon as electrode active materials.The operating voltage platform of the battery was 3.0 ~3.3 V.The capacity after 1 000 times of 0.5 C cycle and after 100 times of 10 C cycle was above 90% and 60% of the nominal capacity,respectively.


A new multi-type insurance risk model based on the entrance process is established.The properties of claim process are discussed.The general formula of the ruin probability for this model and its Lundberg upper bound are given.


Entre la voz y el silencio. By Margit Frenk. Alcala de Henares: Biblioteca de estudios cervantinos, 1997. 148 pages. Over the last two decades, studies that show the basic differences between oral cultures and those affected by writing have led to a reassessment not only of works such as the Homeric poems, composed in a primary oral culture, but also of texts written during periods when orality still held a certain sway. Margit Frenk's book belongs to this tradition, and seeks to illuminate one specific aspect: "la difusion de la escritura a traves de la voz humana hasta epoca muy reciente" (5). Entre la voz y el silencio is not a systematic study of this phenomenon. Rather, it consists of a series of essays, most of which have been previously published, and which deal with Spanish literature of the Golden Age. Margit Frenk asserts that this is "un tema apasionante" (5). This topic is rendered even more enticing by the informative essays included in this book. Chapter i serves to set the stage. Here, Frenk points to some of the more important works on orality and literacy (Finnegan, Havelock, Ife, Zumthor, etc.). She also discusses the continuing tradition of reading aloud (be it to oneself or to an audience) as an index of the enduring strength of orality from ancient Rome and Augustine through the Middle Ages. Indeed, reading aloud was frequent in Spain well into the nineteenth century. Frenk clearly shows the transition by citing from Covarrubias's Diccionario of 1611, from the Diccionario de Autoridades (1732) and from a modem dictionary. While for Covarrubias reading is pronouncing words, Autoridades includes the possibility of reading silently. The modern dictionary sees reading only as a visual task. Chapter ii takes up the question: What works were read aloud or recited to a public during the Spanish Golden Age? Some of the answers given are known and expected. La Celestina, the romances of chivalry, and the short story were often read aloud to an audience. Indeed many cuentos were memorized for later retelling, while Italian novelle and their Spanish counterparts were thought to be of appropriate length for narrating to an audience (28-29). Frenk could have added here that frame stories for a number of story collections tell of men and women reading their tales to a group, thus further foregrounding the importance of reading aloud. Surprisingly, even epic poems were read to a public that included the vulgo: "Estamos ya tocando con la mano el tema de la difusion de la literatura cults y aun cultisima entre amplios sectores de la poblacion del siglo XVII" (35). …


Since Chomsky (1981) presented the overall framework of the Principles-andParameters theory, there have been some attempts to account for English possessive Case. First of al l . Chomsky (1986a) proposes two kinds of Case: structural Case and inherent Case. Possessive Case, in his framework, belongs to inherent Case which must observe the uniformity condition. But his proposal leaves many problems, conceptually and empirically. Abney (1986) and Fukui & Speas (1986) suggest many arguments for analyzing noun phrases as DP's. Within DP-analysis, possessive Case is assigned by the functional category D (= 's). In the 90's. we are trying to explain various linguistic phenomena in terms of 'minimalist theory', the substance of which is put forth in Chomsky (1992) and Chomsky & Lasnik (1991). The minimalist theory is based on checking of


The thesis's argument finds its reasons in contexts where environmental, social and economic conditions produce landscapes at the edge of survival, 're-founding' parts of the city inside unconventional cities. Cairo is a main example where entire neighbourhoods have been transformed by the huge application for survival through languages and uses completely different from currents ones. «How many cities is Cairo made?». According to J. Abu-Lughod, Cairo is made by 13 cities, each one with urban, economic and social different characteristics. The informal city is born in the 60's. It creeps into historical fabrics recycling apparently abandoned materials and structures; it devours desert areas increasing the thickness of the existing city; it includes pre-existences or rather resistances . In particular, the study's object which the paper wants to examine in depth is the City of the Dead, or Cairo Necropolis, discussing its 're-founding' nature different from what we usually think about it.


The embodiment of the invention provides a control method and device of an access point device. The access point device is used for solving the problem that for an existing AP device in some application scenarios, a lot of energy is wasted within the time period without user terminal access. Based on the problem, the control method of the access point device comprises the steps that it is determined that the access point device is in a working mode, and the conditions for entering a sleeping mode of the access point device are met; the access point device is controlled to enter the sleeping mode so that the power consumption of the access point device can be lowered.


The first edition of Myths America Lives By explores five Great American Myths—the Chosen Nation, Nature's Nation, the Christian Nation, the Millennial Nation, and the Innocent Nation. This revised edition introduces a sixth myth—the myth of White Supremacy—and argues, first, that the myth of white supremacy is the primal American myth that informs all the others and, second, that one of the chief functions of the other five myths is to protect and obscure the myth of white supremacy, to hide it from our awareness, and to assure us that we remain innocent after all. With one chapter devoted to each of the myths, the book relies especially on the voices of black Americans to help readers understand the pervasive power of white supremacy in American life and culture and how white supremacy translates into systemic racism, on the one hand, and white privilege, on the other. The book also explores how manifest destiny, the American dream, and capitalism have depended on the Great American Myths for their viability in American culture.


Introduction Psoriasis, whose relation with atherosclerosis etc. has long been known, is a chronic inflammatory disease. Besides providing hemostasis, platelets play important roles in inflammatory reactions and immune responses and contribute to endothelial damage, thus leading to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been previously reported as a platelet activation marker. Platelet mass index (PMI) is also related to platelet functionality and is thought to be a useful parameter for plaque formation capacity of platelets. Material and methods Sex, age, age of onset, disease duration, family history, psoriasis area severity index, nail and joint involvement, platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet mass index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 320 patients with psoriasis and 200 healthy persons were evaluated. Results Mean platelet counts were 277.7 ±73.374 and 265.06 ±59.682 (p = 0.032); MPV values were 8.248 ±1.150 and 7.442 ±1.626 (p < 0.001); and PMI values were 2259 ±545.617 and 1964 ±622.762 (p < 0.001) respectively in the psoriasis and control group. The MPV showed a significant but inverse correlation with hs-CRP (p = 0.047, r = –0.149), and no correlation with ESR (p > 0.05). Platelet count and PMI had a significant and positive correlation with ESR (p < 0.001, r = 0.404 and p < 0.001, r = 0.371), but had no correlation with hs-CRP (p > 0.05). Conclusions Higher PMI and MPV values, which mean higher plaque formation capacity and more active platelets, in psoriasis may make psoriasis patients more sensitive to atherosclerotic plaque formation and complications. On the other hand, because of the positive PMI correlation with ESR (MPV had no correlation with ESR and had a negative correlation with CRP), PMI may be a better predictor of inflammation than MPV in psoriasis.

https://amsad.termedia.pl/pdf-67426-71759?filename=Platelet mass index is.pdf


This contribution shows how it is possible to use the work of interpretation of dreams in psychotherapy to promote symbolic connections between the family matrix and the original experiential everyday life. Keywords:  Dream; Family matrix; Identity


The experimental teaching software simulates physical experiments by abstracting scenes, instrument objects and element objects from them, and building numerical and graphic models for them with object-oriented method. This paper has summarized kinds of model-building methods and realization technologies of the software, such as the establishment of mathematical models, static and dynamic 3-D image models, the cooperation of the models, etc. The virtual physics experimental software achieves excellent performance in designability, arbitrariness of operation and interaction with sense of reality. It makes students operate it with great interest just like doing real experiments and gains good effect in physical experiment teaching.


This paper introduces the present situation and history of domestic and foreign interlibrary loan, analyzes on the advantages and disadvantages of the mode of traditional interlibrary loan, the All-purpose Card, in university libraries of Jiangsu Province, and advances the modes and measures for implementing networking interlibrary loan in university libraries of Jiangsu Province.


Eco-translatology aims to interpret translation from the perspective of ecology. LU Xun's translation of children's literary works in accordance with the specific communicative context and the target readers are probed into,and that LU Xun's selection of the source texts of foreign children's literary works adapts to the given ecological environment of"saving children"and his selection of translation strategies adapts to children's psychological characteristics in China are pointed out.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) can suppress the atherosclerotic development in diabetic patients.

METHODS
The prospective study was carried out in the Out-patient Department of XuHui Central Hospital, Shanghai, China, between March and August 2013. The correlation of major index of glucose and lipid metabolism profiles, and the arterial stiffness index (AI) between diabetic patients and healthy subjects were analyzed.

PATIENTS OR MATERIALS
39 patients with type 2 diabetes and 29 healthy subjects were enrolled for measurements of blood glucose, plasma insulin, HbA1c, TC, cholesterol, HDL, AI and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTS
Significant differences were found between DPP-4 and blood glucose (fasting and 2 h postprandial), HbA1c, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and arterial stiffness in normal subjects and diabetic patients. Only the fasting insulin concentration and high density lipoprotein had a significant impact on DPP-4 levels.

CONCLUSIONS
It was clear that insulin (fasting) and HDL levels had an impact on DPP-4 activity but only in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The arterial stiffness index was not correlated with DPP-4 levels in Type 2 diabetic patients.


In the chocolate industry, companies have been implementing Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) practices as a communication strategy due to the public's critique of the industry's impact on their surroundings. Being criticized for deforestation, the usage of pesticides, as well as involvement with child labour and modern slavery has led to more pressure on chocolate companies to discuss their CSR practices with their customers, to show the change in the industry. This thesis has explored this topic by looking further into how different chocolate companies address their Corporate Social Responsibilities practices through their online presence on their websites and Instagram profiles. The companies chosen for this research are Tony' Chocolonely and Divine Chocolate, whom both could be considered frontrunners when it comes to their involvement with CSR due to the reasons for their founding. Tony's Chocolonely was founded to specifically bring a chocolate brand on the market that will lead by example when it comes to CSR, and Divine Chocolate was founded by Ghanaian farmers who aspired equal payment. The online corporate social reporting of these companies was analyzed through a qualitative content analysis, in which the data were categorized and then further analyzed acritical discourse analysis to give more contextual results and help explain the communication employed by chocolate companies. These results were put into perspective with a cross-national comparison between the UK and US Instagram profiles of both companies. This research showed how the companies mainly address their involvement in the voluntariness, social and environmental dimensions of CSR. The environmental dimension was mainly addressed by the companies through the categories of being organic and offering plant-based products. These categories correspond with main challenges for the chocolate industry; deforestation, pollution and the production of animal-based ingredients. The social dimension mainly addressed equal pay, modern slavery and child labour, which are also the main challenges of the industry being critiqued in the media. From this could be concluded that the companies try to educate their audience on how their CSR practices contribute to solving industry problems. Impressive crossnational results were that the UK profiles tended to focus more on the environmental dimension, while the US profiles tented to focus on the social dimension. The US profiles also made the posts more personal, by portraying employees from all across their supply chain and introducing them by their names. From this, it could be concluded that the CSR values for countries may differ since the UK profiles showed more interest in the environmental dimension of CSR while the US profiles focused more on the social dimension. In terms of future research, the findings triggered the discussion of topics that have not been addressed online; it could be interesting to gain the perspective of the company on why they have chosen to address the social and environmental dimension of CSR most extensively. Last, scholars could delve into the rhetorical strategies that chocolate manufacturers could apply in their online presence and test what would be the most effective way to use CSR as a selling point.


Generation of dislocations during the growth of oxygen precipitates has been used as an alternative way of introduction of dislocation‐related luminescence centers. For this purpose a multistep annealing of Cz Si samples with different initial concentrations of oxygen has been carried out. The analysis of defect density and structure was performed by optical microscopy (OM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dislocation‐related luminescence (DRL) appeared only after a growth stage, while its intensity strongly depended on the duration of the preliminary nucleation treatment. The duration of growth annealing had a strong influence on the spectral distribution of the DRL intensity. No correlation has been found between a particular defect density, defined by TEM, and the shape of luminescence bands. Therefore, it was concluded that the cause of the gradual DRL transformation is redistribution of oxygen, collected near dislocations. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The article attempts to undertake an epistemological inquiry in respect to feminist historiography, that is, to interrogate the very operation in which historical knowledge is grasped in feminist historical writing. 5 It focuses on theoretical and methodological approaches of gender history, and more extensively of feminist theory, that transformed or point to a radical transformation of historical study and writing. As Joan Scott argues, "Feminism's historical specificity comes from the fact that it works within and against whatever are the prevailing foundational assumptions of its time." 6 Gender history cannot be approached as a homogeneous field because some of its expressions are perme-ated by the same assumptions and by the same disputes that preponderate in historiography. It can best be viewed as a form of critique, a disruptive, disorienting and, at times, destructive enterprise of knowledge. 7 The article argues that the rethinking of history's constitutive premises undertaken by gender history consists of the investigation of history as a gendered enterprise and of the exploration of the gendered subjectivity of the historian, conceptualisations of the archive, challenges posed to conventional historiography by historical writing, the interrogation of politicised identity and of "women" as a historically variable category. Finally, it considers the history of science, the history of the body and the history of sexuality as the fields that have most challenged the knowledge that organises our perceptions of "nature" and have called into question positivist history.


W hen Edward McDow began to experience chest pain he could have become just another ninedigit medicare number as he entered the routine cycle of medications, procedures and evaluations common to teaching hospitals. Instead, McDow, 60, was introduced to an innovative patient care program at Calgary's 433-bed Rockyview Hospital that taught him how to take his own blood pressure, manage his medication schedule and monitor his own health. It was a quantum leap forward for the retired military man and dozens of others like him who are currently participating in a pilot program designed to maximize the contribution of cardiac patients and enhance the role of nurses. For McDow, the hospital's Cooperative Care Program gave him a feeling of control over his destiny even though his diagnosis of angina was complicated by diabetes. "Being in the hospital and looking after myself made me more independent and I believe it "Being in the hospital and looking after myself made me more independent and I believe it will help me maintain my independence and control over my own health."


Abstract This paper indicates students' perceptions of their learning outcomes, identified through group consultations in the author's University. These student generated outcomes were strongly orientated towards personal and professional skills and qualities, and the listing of them is compared to existing models of 'transferable skills'. This might be of particular interest in the light of recent concerns about 'graduateness'. The list was subsequently used as the basis for a questionnaire survey of students, and the findings of this survey are briefly reviewed. The student generated list differs in two main ways from the existing skills models reviewed. It is more context specific and is more concerned with values.


We present the tomographic reconstruction of the quantum state of the electromagnetic field emitted by an amplitude-squeezed semiconductor laser. The analysis of the field quadratures is performed by means of self-homodyning, where a frequency-dependent dephasing is accomplished by a Fabry-P\'erot resonator. The Wigner function obtained clearly shows the nonclassical properties of the field.


Cell behavior (i.e. attachment, proliferation, etc.) on nanostructured surfaces is currently a hot topic throughout the scientific community. However, studies often show diverging results due to differences in cells, local surface chemistry, and nanotopography fabrication methods. In this study, we use Oxygen plasma etching to both randomly nanotexture a PMMA surface and change its surface chemistry. We find that 3T3 cells behave quite differently on flat PMMA surfaces as compared to nanotextured ones, showing an on-off attachment behavior. Work is under progress to exploit this effect allowing selective cell capturing, and creation of cell arrays in adjacent plasma-nanotextured/smooth areas using a stencil mask during etching.


Hydrogen storage as a metal hydride is the most promising alternative because of its relatively large hydrogen storage capacities near room temperature. TiMn2-based C14 Laves phases alloys are one of the promising hydrogen storage materials with easy activation, good hydriding-dehydriding kinetics, ...


– The purpose of this paper is to show that knowledge of the Machine‐Readable Cataloguing (MARC) format is useful in all aspects of librarianship, not just for cataloguing, and how MARC knowledge can address indexing limitations of the online catalogue., – The paper employs examples and scenarios to show the usefulness of MARC knowledge among library professionals., – The paper finds that library professionals with an understanding of MARC also have an advantage in understanding how Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) work. With a knowledge of MARC, librarians can understand OPAC indexing limitations and develop ways to work around those limitations. An understanding of MARC bibliographic data across library specialities allows librarians to work interdependently to affect the functionality of the OPAC., – Editing/manipulating MARC data based on indexing limitations of the online catalogue can improve retrieval of library resources. Additionally, MARC knowledge and skills are transferable, even with the challenges of changing OPAC technology.


The recovery of phosphorus (P) from secondary resources is critical to closing the anthropogenic P loop. The recovered P should be recycled effectively for agricultural and industrial purposes without jeopardizing human health and the environment. Although various technologies are potentially applicable to P recovery and recycling, their implementation remains hindered by socioeconomic factors such as insufficient policy support, an immature market for recovered P and a lack of public awareness. Recently, Japan has experienced good practices in recycling P in secondary resources despite these hindrances. Japan's experience may provide a clue on how to develop and implement technologies for P recovery and recycling, even if the legal, social and economic structures are not fully developed for the security of future P supplies.


The electric protection cover for the energy meter in the charging pile is an important part to protect the power line terminal and signal line terminal from being damaged by pollution. However, due to the complex and diverse environment in which the charging pile is located, it is easy to cause damage such as damage to electrical protection cover in high temperatures, high humidity, and other harsh environments, resulting in pollution and corrosion of electrical terminals, affecting normal electricity metering. To solve this problem, this paper studies the important factors that affect the life distribution of the electric protective cover used for energy meters in charging piles in the process of use. The accelerated stress model and method are constructed by the comprehensive application of the accelerated test theory, and the accelerated life test is completed. Through experiments, the failure time distribution of typical electrical protection covers for energy meters in a natural service environment is found, the model is hypothesized, tested, and estimated, and the key parameters of life distribution are determined. This paper also provides a good technical idea for the research of aging failure data analysis of electric plastic materials.


This paper presents a procedure designed for the use of the spatial information in the monthly updated road name/address base map and the constructed road occupancy information in detecting the roads illegally occupied by objects ("RIOOs"). Towards this end, first, the spatial information between the existing road name/address base map and the monthly updated road name base map is compared to detect new road-occupying objects, including those occupying building access roads. Second, the spatial information in the detected new road-occupying objects and the land-lot address in the road occupancy system are compared to detect the RIOOs.


The curricula of Tourism Graduation Courses and, in some cases, even the Hospitality Graduation ones, include several disciplines related to the area of Communication: Communication Theories, Public Relations, Publicity, Photography, among other. Some of them, considered pioneers, start to include the image and imaginary study, in a communication semiotic point of view, going beyond the marketing. This study intends to analyze the context in which this new approach is included, and to reflect about the didactic transposition of these contents, in the logic of Tourism and Hospitality Graduation Courses.


The IBM System/390 :sup.*:esup. family of mainframe computers is among the first in the computer industry to use fiber optic I/ O channels for high speed data transfer. Known as ESCON (Enterprise Systems Connection) :sup.*:esup channels, these optical links provide significantly higher bandwidth, data rates, and distance than the parallel electrical cables which they replace. The ESCON :sup.*:esup. channels consist of 200 Megabit/s duplex fiber optic links (17 Megabytes/s). Multimode links using 1300 nm LED transmitters and PIN photodiode receivers allow a maximum unrepeated distance of 3 km using 62.5 micron core fiber and 2 km using 50 micron core fiber with a minimum modal bandtvidth of 800 Mhz-km. A single-mode version using InGaAsP laser diodes increases the unrepeated distance to 20 km while maintaining international class 1 laser safety. This paper describes the optical, electrical, and mechanical design innovations of the ESCON :sup.*:esup. channels. Optical link budget modeling will be discussed, as well as design of a duplex optical connector and cable strain relief system. Experimental data will be presented on link performance in harsh environments such as elevated levels of ionizing (gamma) radiation, or customized link designs which can extend the maximum unrepeated distance.


Purpose. The major role of p53 is to modulate cell proliferation, but recently, it has been found that p53 also modulates angiogenesis through several pathways. Because both cellular proliferation and microcirculation patterns are important prognostic markers in uveal melanoma, we tested the relationships between p53 expression, the expression of the cell proliferation marker Ki-67, and the presence of various microcirculation patterns in uveal melanoma. Methods. Immunostaining of p53 and Ki-67 using the bp53.12 and the MIB-1 antibodies, respectively, were preformed in 98 uveal melanomas (18 melanomas confined to the iris, 30 ciliary body melanomas, and 50 choroidal melanomas). Percent of p53 positive cells, and the mean MIB-1 positive cell count per high power field were calculated in each section by two observers. Microcirculation patterns were assessed in adjacent PAS stained sections. Results. p53 immunoreactivity was found in 14 of the 98 melanomas. High proliferative activity and epithelioid cell type were associated with p53 immunoreactivity. However, p53 immunoreactivity was not associated with any of the microcirculation patterns or with tumor location. Conclusions. The findings suggest that alterations in p53 expression are associated with the expression of the cellular proliferation marker, Ki-67, but are not associated with the presence of microcirculation patterns.


The purpose of this article is to examine the existing crisis tendencies of social development and understanding of human rights, health and livelihoods which due to civilizational factors and medical care. The possibilities of minimizing consequences of the crisis in modern medicine as a form of social practice from dis physiological phenomena to General philosophical issues and metaphysical value of plan-related interference mechanisms in the evolutionary development of human. The outcome is a representation of the practical activity of the medicine at the level of the individual and society, the opportunity of methodological integration of private facts and General scientific approaches to the problem.


A dB-linear programmable gain amplifier (PGA)utilizing weighted input transistors, is implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The weighed input transistor units with constant current-density enable insensitive gain-steps while maintaining the load impedance condition. The gain range can cover from -18 dB to +30 dB in 6 dB steps, and the gain error is less than 1 dB. The 3 dB bandwidth (BW) is 60 MHz and the P1dB is -36 dBm at the maximum gain. The chip area is as small as 0.12 mm2 and the total power consumption is only 2.5 mW under 1.8 V supply.


Objective To improve the teaching level and efficacy of nasal endoscopic anatomy training.Methods Teaching efficacy of interactive teaching mode in nasal endoscopic anatomy training was assessed using the visual analogue scale and questionnaire of nasal endoscopic anatomy training.Results The questionnaire of nasal endoscopic anatomy training was filled in by 157 trainees according to the visual analogue scale scoring system.Their understanding of nasal anatomy was significantly better after training than before training(F=2 199.941 9 vs F= 425.731 3,P=0.000 01).They had a best understanding of the maxillary sinus anatomy and a poorest understanding of the cavernous sinus both before and after training.Their understanding level in all the 16 aspects of nasal anatomy was significantly higher after training than before training(P=0.000 1).Conclusion Interactive teaching model can improve the teaching level in nasal endoscopic anatomy training.


The relative speed of evacuation, water consumption, air pumping ability, and final vacuum produced by 14 water aspirators have been measured, making possible a more intelligent choice of aspirator for any job.


THE CORTIN-LIKE PROPERTIES of extracts of urine from various sources have been demonstrated by several investigators. Perla and Marmorston-Gottesman (1931) reported that a benzene extract of the urine of young men and women was able to increase the resistance of adrenalectomized rats to histamine poisoning. It was estimated that 1 liter of urine contained an amount of protective substances equivalent to that obtained from approximately 225 gm. of beef adrenal by the methodof Hartman (1930). More convincing proof of the presence of substances with cortin-like activity was provided by the experiments of Grollman and Firor (1932) which showed that benzene extracts of the urine of men and women were effective in prolonging the survival period of the adrenalectomized rat. The extract of 1 liter of urine was equivalent in activity to 0.5 gm. of adrenal tissue (Grollman and Firor, 1933).


Introduction Physique is comprised of three distinct, yet interrelated components, namely, body size, structure and composition (Boileau & Lohman, 1977). The elements of physique thus defined have been adopted for this text. Body size refers to the physical magnitude of the body and its segments (e.g. length, mass, volume, surface area). Body structure alludes to the distribution or body parts expressed as ratios (e.g. inverse ponderal index). Body composition adverts to the amount of the various constituents in the body (e.g. fat, water, mineral, protein). Interest in the influence of body physique on physical performance dates back to antiquity (Gunther, 1975). Contrast the physique of a sumo wrestler with that of a marathon runner, or the physique of a volleyball player with that of a gymnast. Two striking observations become immediately apparent. Within a particular sport and position, the physiques of elite athletes appear similar. In contrast, body size, structure and composition differ markedly among athletes of different sports. Why is the assessment of physique important? The assessment of physique can be used to ascertain an individual's readiness for sport participation in terms of injury prevention. A chemically immature skeleton is less able to withstand the trauma and shearing stresses incurred in contact sports (e.g. football) or in sports with repeated internal trauma (e.g. long distance running, pitching) than a mature skeleton, thus rendering the athlete more prone to fractures and avulsions. The assessment of physique can also be utilised to characterise the profiles of athletes in different sports. An individual with a particular profile can be encouraged to participate in the sport for which he or she is physically best suited.


A mathematical model for Intra-Venous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) with explicit glucose–insulin interaction is presented as a system of delay differential equation with discrete time delays and its important mathematical features are analyzed. This model includes the positivity and boundedness of the solution. An unique equilibrium point is found and its local stability is investigated. Using the Lyapunov functional approach, we show the global stability of the unique equilibrium point. The length of delay that preserves the stability is estimated. Sensitivity analysis is performed on a delay differential equation model for IVGTT that suggests the parameter value has a major impact on the model dynamics. Numerical calculations are performed to support and elaborate the analytical findings.


— The paper considers an approach to the problem of resource allocation based on the so-called coopetition (cooperation and competition). This game-theory-based approach has been successfully used as a methodological framework in other fields. Here below, we suggest the coopetition concept and a related new algorithmic design for spectrum allocation in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems. Our approach is based on structuring of game-theoretical competitive solutions typical for distributed resource allocation as well as cooperative solutions which are used in centralized models for resource scheduling. With our algorithmic design we can obtain the synergy gain at relatively low cost, better control over shared resources and more efficient allocation of these resources to users than in the purely distributed approaches.


Localisation and mapping relies on the representation and recognition of features or patterns detected in sensor data. An important aspect is the temporal relationship of observations in sensor data streams. This article proposes a new approach for simultaneous localisation and mapping based on temporal relations in the flow of characteristic events in the sensor data channels. A dynamical system is employed to acquire these correlations between simultaneous and sequential events from different sources, to map causal sequences, while considering time spans, and to recognise previously observed patterns (localisation). While this system is applicable to sensor modalities with different characteristics and timing behaviours, it is especially suitable for distributed computing. Mapping and localisation take place simultaneously in an life-long unsupervised distributed online learning process. The dynamical system was implemented as a distributed real-time system with symmetric processes. A real-time clustering network reduces the dimension of raw sensor data. Cluster transitions are used as input for the dynamical mapping system. Results from physical experiments with one sensor modality are presented.


We report a case of melanoma of the female urethra, recurring on the vulva as a desmoplastic invasive melanoma. The urethral tumor was an unclassifiable melanoma with an invasive epithelioid, and an intraepidermal atypical melanocytic component. The desmoplastic recidive was made of intersecting fascicles of spindled, moderately atypical cells, scattered over a dense collagenous matrix. Tumor cells were immunoreactive for S100 protein and vimentin, negative for HMB45. The morphological and immunophenotypic differences with the initial tumor, the absence of melanocytic dysplasia within the overlying epidermis, could lead to a misinterpretation of this lesion as a fibrous scar or a fibrohistiocytic tumor. Desmoplastic melanoma shares many homologies with acrolentiginous and mucous membrane melanoma and could occur more frequently on the genitourinary tract than it is generally assumed.


By analyzing the disadvantages of the traditional KNN using lazy learning that directly classify the data based on the K neighboring classes using the majority voting method, a new Sigmoid weighted classification algorithm WKS (Weighted KNN Based On Sigmoid) was proposed. WKS provides a new method for learning and training, since each training data di ∊ D contributes to the correct classification of the classifier-expressed by weight Wi. WKS combined with the idea of AdaBoost algorithm that change the data weight distribution in the training base classifier, using Sigmoid function to achieve the weight update, the neighbors with correct contribution to the classify increasing the sample weight, otherwise decrease the weight. Firstly, The training set was modeled by training, and then use the testing set to do classification. By UCI data sets experiment, the experimental results show that WKS has better classification accuracy than traditional KNN algorithm.


Although a plurality of the oxide crystal phase response solid is formed continuously also entangled with each other three-dimensionally, the surface is to provide a ceramic composite and a manufacturing method for a flat light conversion. Al In addition, Al


Focusing on infrared and visible image fusion of the same scene,a new image fusion algorithm based on nonsubsampled contourlet transform(NSCT)and improved pulse-coupled neural networks(IPCNN)was proposed.Firstly image was decomposed sparse with various scales and directional features using NSCT,and then a calculation matching selection principle with the varieties of directional bandpass subband coefficients based on IPCNN was developed.Compared with other methods,the results of experiment show that the proposed algorithm can infuse important information of infrared and visible image to fusion image,acquire better results,and improve quality of fusion image.


The axial fore-sweep,axial aft-sweep and prototype blades are computed by numerical simulation technology,and the influence of sweep height to turbine static cascades aerodynamics was studied.The numerical simulation results indicates: the sweep height of fore-sweep blades strengthen the C-type pressure distribution,the C-type increase the endwall corner loss,but fore-sweep decrease the total pressure loss of main flow at mid-span.The sweep height of aft-sweep blades also strengthen the negative C-type pressure distribution,the negative C-type decrease the endwall secondary flow loss,but aft-sweep increase the total pressure loss of the main flow at mid-span.


Hydroponics maize fodder of 7 days growth was fed to 6 dairy cows divided into two equal groups (BW 442 kg; avg. milk yield 6.0 kg). Animals were offered 5 kg concentrate mixture and ad lib. jowar straw along with either 15 kg fresh hydroponics maize fodder (T-HF) or conventional napier bajra hybrid (NBH) green fodder (T-CF) for 68 days. The hydroponics maize fodder (HMF) had higher CP (13.30 vs 11.14, %), EE (3.27 vs 2.20, %), NFE (75.32 vs 53.54, %) and lower CF (6.37 vs 22.25, %), TA (1.75 vs 9.84, %) and AIA (0.57 vs 1.03, %) than NBH. HMF intake was low (0.59 kg DM/d) than NBH (1.19 kg DM/ d) by the cows. However, the DMI (2.05 and 2.17 %) was similar in both the groups. Digestibility of CP (72.46 vs 68.86, %) and CF (59.21 vs 53.25, %) was higher (P<0.05) for cows fed HMF. The DCP content (9.65 vs 8.61, %) of the ration increased significantly (P<0.05) due to feeding of HMF; however, the increase (P>0.05) in the CP (13.29 vs 12.48, %) and TDN (68.52 vs 64, %) content was non- significant. There was 13.7% increase in the milk yield of T-HF (4.64, kg/d) than the T-CF group (4.08 kg/d). The feed conversion ratio of DM (2.12 vs 2.37), CP (0.29 vs 0.30) and TDN (1.45 vs 1.52) to produce a kg milk was better in the T-HF than the T-CF group. There was higher net profit of Rs. 12.67/- per cow/d on feeding HMF. It can be concluded that feeding of HMF to lactating cows increased the digestibility of nutrients and milk production leading to increase in net profit.


Objective: to study the dynamics of local and systemic cytokine production in children with different clinical forms of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including COVID-19, and to assess the effectiveness of local interferon-based therapy.Patients and methods: The study included 180 patients aged from 1 month to 17 years with сonfirmed acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including COVID-19. Patients were divided into 2 groups (main and control) of 90 people each. In the main group patients received the intranasal interferon-based medicine Grippferon® in addition to the basic therapy, the control group patients received only basic therapy. The cytokine status was assessed by the content of IFN-α and -γ, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 in blood serum and in nasopharyngeal secretions by enzyme immunoassay kits ("Cytokine", St. Petersburg).Results: Statistically significant differences were revealed in the systemic and local content of individual cytokines in ARVI of different etiologies, depending on the level of damage to the respiratory tract. The use of the interferon-based medicine Grippferon® for intranasal use in children in the early stages of ARVI, including COVID-19, helps to decrease the high content of cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 in the nasopharynx by reducing the viral load. As a result, the duration of catarrhal disease symptoms and intoxication was also significantly reduced as well as the pathogen elimination time.


In order to understand the influence of damage on the life of rocket motor, the damage and failure behavior of HTPB propellant was studied, and the methods to characterization of damage properties and the ability of propellant anti-damage were studied too. The influence of environment and stress on propellant damage was discussed. It is found that HTPB propellants have different anti-damage properties, depending on the dewetting point stain (ed). The damages in the propellant can be characterized by E5%, dewetting energy, permanent stain, and S-shape curve of propellant. The environment humidity affects the damage properties of propellants significantly.


Classification systems are normally trained by minimizing the cross-entropy between system outputs and reference labels, which makes the Kullback-Leibler divergence a natural choice for measuring how closely the system can follow the data. Precision and recall provide another perspective for measuring the performance of a classification system. Non-binary references can arise from various sources, and it is often beneficial to use the soft labels for training instead of the binarized data. However, the existing definitions for precision and recall require binary reference labels, and binarizing the data can cause erroneous interpretations. We present a novel method to calculate precision, recall and F-score without quantizing the data. The proposed metrics extend the well established metrics as the definitions coincide when used with binary labels. To understand the behavior of the metrics we show simple example cases and an evaluation of different sound event detection models trained on real data with soft labels.


Background Completing a marathon is one of the most challenging sports activities, yet the source of running fatigue during this event is not completely understood. The aim of this investigation was to determine the cause(s) of running fatigue during a marathon in warm weather. Methodology/Principal Findings We recruited 40 amateur runners (34 men and 6 women) for the study. Before the race, body core temperature, body mass, leg muscle power output during a countermovement jump, and blood samples were obtained. During the marathon (27 °C; 27% relative humidity) running fatigue was measured as the pace reduction from the first 5-km to the end of the race. Within 3 min after the marathon, the same pre-exercise variables were obtained. Results Marathoners reduced their running pace from 3.5 ± 0.4 m/s after 5-km to 2.9 ± 0.6 m/s at the end of the race (P<0.05), although the running fatigue experienced by the marathoners was uneven. Marathoners with greater running fatigue (> 15% pace reduction) had elevated post-race myoglobin (1318 ± 1411 v 623 ± 391 µg L−1; P<0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (687 ± 151 v 583 ± 117 U L−1; P<0.05), and creatine kinase (564 ± 469 v 363 ± 158 U L−1; P = 0.07) in comparison with marathoners that preserved their running pace reasonably well throughout the race. However, they did not differ in their body mass change (−3.1 ± 1.0 v −3.0 ± 1.0%; P = 0.60) or post-race body temperature (38.7 ± 0.7 v 38.9 ± 0.9 °C; P = 0.35). Conclusions/Significance Running pace decline during a marathon was positively related with muscle breakdown blood markers. To elucidate if muscle damage during a marathon is related to mechanistic or metabolic factors requires further investigation.


e16014 Background: We have earlier shown an increase in the incidence of tonsillar cancer and the role of HPV as a risk factor. HPV prevalence in tonsillar cancer is approaching the same numbers as cervical cancer, where almost all tumors are HPV-associated. The second most common cancer of the oropharynx, base of tongue cancer, is not as well investigated regarding incidence trends and HPV prevalence. Following our previous research on tonsillar cancer, we assessed the increase in incidence of base of tongue cancer and the prevalence of HPV in this disease. Methods: Incidence data for base of tongue cancer in Sweden from 1970 to 2007 was obtained from the Swedish Cancer Registry. All patients diagnosed with base of tongue cancer in Stockholm County between 1998-2007 (109 individuals) were identified. From 95 patients, paraffin-embedded, pretreatment biopsies were obtained and tested for HPV both by general HPV PCR and HPV-16/HPV-33 type specific PCR. Expression of HPV-16 RNA was analyzed to confirm E6 an...


The effects of high pressure (HP) treatment (100–400 MPa at 10–60°C) on the solubility of milk protein concentrate (MPC) powders were tested. The solubility, measured at 20°C, of fresh MPC powders made with no HP treatment was 66%. It decreased by 10% when stored for 6 weeks at ambient temperature (∼20°C) and continued to decrease to less than 50% of its initial solubility after 12 months of storage. Of the combinations of pressure and heat used, a pressure of 200 MPa at 40°C applied to the concentrate before spray drying was found to be the most beneficial for improved solubility of MPC powders. This combination of pressure/heat improved the initial cold water solubility to 85%. The solubility was maintained at this level after 6 weeks storage at ambient temperature and 85% of the initial solubility was preserved after 12 months. The improved solubility of MPC powders on manufacture and on storage are attributed to an altered surface composition arising from an increased concentration of non-micellar casein in the milk due to HP treatment prior to drying. The improved solubility of high protein powders (95% protein) made from blends of sodium caseinate and whey protein isolate compared with MPC powders (∼85% protein) made from ultrafiltered/diafiltered milk confirmed the detrimental role of micellar casein on solubility. The results suggest that increasing the non-micellar casein content by HP treatment of milk or use of blends of sodium caseinate and whey proteins are strategies that may be used to obtain high protein milk powders with enhanced solubility.


Hopfield Associative Memory (HAM) is a typical model of associative memories. Complex-valued Associative Memory is a complex-valued version of HAM. They store not only learning patterns but other undesired patterns, which are called spurious states. The reversed patterns in HAM and the rotated patterns in CAM are typical spurious states. We propose to reduce spurious states by using Rotor Associative Memory (RAM). The RAM does not store the rotated patterns except the reversed patterns. So the RAM removes most of spurious states from the CAM. By adding a dummy state, the RAM also can remove them from the HAM. To find spurious states, we construct a searching system similar to the chaotic CAM. By using the searching system, we investigate whether the RAM can reduce the number of spurious states.


Within the last five years, governments and education authorities worldwide have developed and implemented approaches to facilitate access to a wide range of quality digital resources and reduce the costs of production. This chapter reports on a study which invited school teachers and university academics in Egypt, as a developing and Arabic-speaking country, to cooperate in establishing a learning object repository to store, locate, and share quality learning objects for class teaching and e-learning programs. The proposed solution is originally a vendor hosted web-based groupware, file management, and sharing system that meets the basic criteria of instructional learning object repositories called eStudio. Motivators and inhibitors to using the repository, factors that determine locating, using, and sharing learning objects within the repository and their qualities are assessed to help in developing repositories that demonstrate an understanding of the existing needs and the work practices of Egyptian teachers and other user groups.


The Single-Row Facility Layout Problem is an NP-hard problem dealing with the ordering of departments with given lengths and pairwise traffic intensities in a facility. In this context, one seeks to minimize the sum of the distances between department pairs, weighted by the corresponding traffic intensities. Practical applications of this problem include the arrangement of rooms on a corridor in hospitals or offices, airplanes and gates in an airport or machines in a manufacture. This paper presents two novel exact models for the Constrained Single-Row Facility Layout Problem, a recent variant of the problem including positioning, ordering and adjacency constraints. On the one hand, the state-of-the-art mixed-integer programming model for the unconstrained problem is extended to incorporate the constraints. On the other hand, a decision diagram-based approach is described, based on an existing dynamic programming model for the unconstrained problem. Computational experiments show that both models outperform the only mixed-integer programming model in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. While the two models have execution times of the same order of magnitude, the decision diagram-based approach handles positioning constraints much better but the mixed-integer programming model has the advantage for ordering constraints.


Many patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease suffer from epigastric discomfort after consuming green tea. Few published reports discuss the effects of green tea on the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of green tea on esophageal motility and liquid gastric emptying using scintigraphic methods. Seventeen patients with the symptom of heartburn for at least 3 weeks in the past year were enrolled in this study. Quantitative esophageal scintigraphy and liquid gastric emptying study were conducted simultaneously after ingestion of 500mL of glucose water or green tea in glucose water on two consecutive days. Of the seventeen patients, ten have endoscopically documented reflux esophagitis. On esophageal transit study, esophageal transit time was prolonged in eleven of seventeen patients (64.5%) after green tea consumption, but there was no significant difference when compared before with after green tea consumption [6.73 (5.66-9.26) vs. 7.25 (6.03-10.58); p=0.26]. Retrograde index increased in fifteen subjects (88.2%) and this result reached statistical significance [0.13 (0.11-0.20) vs. 0.25 (0.14-0.35); p<0.01]. Further analysis indicated that the difference is more prominent in the reflux esophagitis group [0.12 (0.11-0.20) vs. 0.31 (0.17-0.35)]. In non-reflux esophagitis group, although no statistical significance, an increase of retrograde index was found in 5 of 7 patients (71.43%). On liquid gastric emptying study, there was no significant change in liquid gastric emptying time [35.30 (27.75-58.28) vs. 38.8 (26.55-58.15); p=0.6]. We conclude that in patients with heartburn green tea consumption did modulate esophageal motor activity, but not liquid gastric emptying. This phenomenon is more prominent in patients with heartburn and evidence of endoscopic reflux esophagitis.


On 6th September 2017, Jialing Zihang an assistant professor, department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin and his center-dedicated team published a revolutionized work in science translational medicine research journal [1]. Their work could entirely eradicate cancer from its grass root. The research was comprised of performing a non-destructive tissue analysis in out of the body and diagnose of carcinoma within the living cells using a "MasSpec Pen". This "MasSpec Pen" is actually a probe, which is connected to a Mass spectrometer (Figure 1). Modern oncologists and scientist are always facing tremendous challenging's in tissues assessment and diagnosis in cancer treatment because of screening cancerous cells from normal cells. Many women diagnosed with breast cancer would undergo conserving surgery. This means the cancer surgeon has to face challenges to separate cancerous cells from within normal cells to maintain a total integrity of the mammary gland. In similar fashion, in lung cancer, complete resection of a primary tumor is the prerequisite because after surgery it was often witnessed the residual cancerous cells progress retrievable. Likewise, in ovarian cancer, the residual carcinoma cells could generate negative responses to chemotherapeutic treatment. Thus, it has become necessary to estimate negative margin assessment and excision of a complete tumour. Moreover, interpretations of the cancer cell are a tedious process, it is a big concerned for any histopathologist to detect ontogenesis using normal frozen section method and with intraoperative frozen section method because of its time consumptions, interactions of freezing arti-facts with tissue morphology and patient life risk due to extended anaesthesia. If positive marginal oncogenic cellswere found, the patients were subjected to additional surgery, hyperactive anxiety and discomfort [2-5]. There for it is becoming an indispensable need to analysis oncogenes in molecular labels by incorporating cancer specific biomarkers to improve cancer identification and screening. At present era, distinguished ex-vivo and in–vivo tests are available using molecular imaging technology, which has very effective implications in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Some other effective techniques in cancer diagnosis are targeting biomarkers, genes sequencing technology, fluorescence probes targeting tumor cells, stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and spectroscopy, and Mass spectrometry that is used to detect molecular imaging of cancerous tissues. Abstract


The purpose of this study is to know the procedure of the calculation and collection of Surface Water Taxes owed to the Regional Income Board of South Sulawesi Province. The data sources used are primary and secondary data. The type and method used is the method of qualitative descriptive comparative analysis, which describes the results of research and discussion and comparing it with applicable legislation.Based on the results of research and discussion, showing that see the description of surface water tax collection by the South Sulawesi Province Income Board, which so far Surface Water Surveillance Billing Procedure It is regulated by the SOP Billing of Regional Taxes on the Board of Directors Decision Regional Revenue of South Sulawesi Province No. 01 / I / TAHUN 2015 on Standard Operating Procedures for Local Tax Billing within the SOP. Billing is done by Ordinary Billing that is by issuing SKPD (Local Tax Assessment Letter) or STPD (Tax Collection Letter Regional) indicates that the awareness of taxpayers in particular the surface water taxpayers run well in South Sulawesi.Dan implementation of surface water tax collection by the Provincial Revenue Board South Sulawesi runs optimally with the implementation based on South Sulawesi Governor Regulation No. 23 of 2011 on Guidelines for Implementation of Regional Regulation of South Sulawesi Province Number 10 of 2010 on Area Tax Special Surface Water Tax


Higher mathematics is an important elementary course.It is highly Abstract and exact,and it is used widely.It is very difficult for students to study the course,especially curvilinear integral and curved surface integral.In order to help students master the related knowledge,a discussion is presented in this paper on the teaching of curvilinear integral and surface integral from three aspects.


The purpose of the present paper is to study experimentally and theoretically a vertical monopole on a rotationally symmetric soft surface by using different calculation methods when the soft disk is realized by corrugations and different material loadings. The radiation pattern is calculated by the moment method (MM) with equivalent currents on all material boundaries, referred to as the equivalent current model (ECM), and by MM with an impedance boundary model (IBM). The uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) and the incremental theory of diffraction (ITD) are also used. The calculated results are compared with the measured results. The properties of the different calculation methods and realisation technologies are discussed.


Distributed control and location estimation of multiagent systems have received tremendous research attention in recent years because of their potential across many application domains [1], [2]. The term agent can represent a sensor, autonomous vehicle, or any general dynamical system. Multiagent systems are attractive because of their robustness against system failure, ability to adapt to dynamic and uncertain environments, and economic advantages compared to the implementation of more expensive monolithic systems.


Sensitization rates are influenced by sex and age. Crude rates from different departments cannot be compared without taking into account these variables. However, the influence of sex and age has never been considered quantitatively. In 2 hypothetical populations with identical age–specific sensitizations rates, but differing age distributions, the Influence of age on the overall sensitization rate (crude rate) is demonstrated. Furthermore, by an abstract reflection on rates, the influence of the proportions of a population category* (e.g. age) on crude rates is shown (crude rate=I (category–specific rate x proportion of population in category)). To account for differing distributions of sex and age, we propose 2 ways. Sex–specific rules should he presented separately. Age–specific rates should be standardized. The standard rate is defined as: SR=L (category specific ratexproportion of standard population in category I. losing a standard population with a rectangular structure (i.e. with equal proportions in each of the category (age) specific groups), the standardized rate is the arithmetic average of the category (age) specific rates. Only for simple routine evaluations can a standard population with 2 equal groups be used, namely over 39 years and under 40 years. The standardized rate can easily he calculated as SR: (positive rate (%under 40+positive rate(%)over 39)/2. The general rule should be to use a "rectangular" standard population with 9 age groups of a 10–year sequence. By using the standardization procedure, remaining differences found in different departments can no longer be attributed to age and sex. Other factors, such as selection of patients or real epidemiological differences, can then be discussed. The application of population–adjusted frequency of sensitization (PAFS) in any publication on prevalences of sensitization is highly recommended.


We reconsider the chiral Lagrangian with three-flavor baryon fields. A systematic analysis of all low-energy constants (LEC) that contribute to the axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents in the baryon octet and decuplet fields at next-to-leading order in the inverse number of colors (1 / N c ) of QCD is performed. We study the correlation function consisting of axial-vector and scalar currents as well. While there are 4 LEC relevant at leading chiral order, the number of relevant LEC at subleading order is 23. For those a leading order large- N c analysis predicts 3 and 18 sum rules respectively. At the next accuracy level the number of sum rules is reduced to 2 and 8. Our results are illustrated by a tree-level analysis of available axial-vector coupling constants and strong decay widths of the baryon decuplet states.


We report the discovery of a unique collection of metal-poor giant stars that exhibit anomalously high levels of 28Si, clearly above typical Galactic levels. Our sample spans a narrow range of metallicities, peaking at −1.07 ± 0.06, and exhibits abundance ratios of [Si, Al/Fe] that are as extreme as those observed in Galactic globular clusters (GCs), and Mg is slightly less overabundant. In almost all the sources we used, the elemental abundances were redetermined from high-resolution spectra, which were reanalyzed assuming LTE. Thus, we compiled the main element families, namely, the light elements (C, N), α-elements (O, Mg, Si), iron-peak element (Fe), s-process elements (Ce, Nd), and the light odd-Z element (Al). We also provide dynamical evidence that most of these stars lie on tight (inner) halo-like and retrograde orbits passing through the bulge. Such kinds of objects have been found in present-day halo GCs, providing the clearest chemical signature of past accretion events in the (inner) stellar halo of the galaxy, possibly formed as the result of dissolved halo GCs. Their chemical composition is, in general, similar to that of typical GC populations, although several differences exist.


Sensation, Perception and Neuroscience Learning and Memory Motivation and Emotion Cognition Development Personality Social Gender and Diversity Health Stress and Adjustment Abnormal Treatment.


The cooling ways of blast furnace are introduced and based upon comparative analysis on the cooling principles, advantages and disadvantages of various ways the evaporation cooling is mainly discussed. Author points out that this cooling way is development trend of large and medium blast furnaces.


Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature,and have special function in degraded plant cell wall. In the animal gastrointestinal tract,the microorganisms is closely related with the growth and metabolism of the host,because of the degraded function contributed to transform plant to nutrition for the animal. Meanwhile,with the techniques and analysis methods improved,modern metagenomics,based on the high-throughout sequencing,was enable us to study microbia in complex environment more convenient. Using modern metagenomics techniques on the animal gastrointestinal microbial could conduce to a greater extent mining functional gene of microbial gene pool,which was not only played an important guiding role in the growth regulation,disease prevention and other basic science of animal,but also in the industrial production,food security and other fields. This review showed the research of metagenomic technology in animal gastrointestinal microbial classification,application etc.,in order to provide scientific reference for animal production,microbial fermentation and other related field.


Oilfield produced water geothermal resource that is very easy overlooked or wasted in the exploitation of oilfield geothermal resources is a special form of sedimentary basin geothermal resource. Based on detailed analysis of oilfield produced water geothermal resource formation mechanism, its concept is firstly proposed. The paper expounds oilfield produces water geothermal resource characteristics from three aspects of resource potential, development cost and market prospect, proposes the idea of using heat and adverse water, discusses the feasibility of development water geothermal resource to service in oil production and circumjacent dweller by using heat pump technology and lays a solid foundation for its in-depth exploitation.


Media has played a major role in shaping children's upbringing and behavior in the current period of intensive development because of scientific and technical progress. It should be unfortunately noted that, this issue was indeed negligent which people passed over of these problems. Some of these elements which are alien to our national values, mentality and generation so clinched to our lives that we often think that life is dull without them Taking into account the factors which play an important role in the formation of the person as the true identity we can say that the role of the family has great influence in the up bring of children. It is a fact that we live in an easy time to obtain and use of modern technology equipment. However, there is such a difficulty. To be more clearer, young generation's hours use of social networks itself became unmanaged case , their purpose of spending time on computer and internet networks more for enjoy than science, education or knowledge. Continuing of these in uncontrolled manner puts us face to face with problems. In particular, the hours which children spend in front of a screen harms their developing body more and reflects in the neurological and psychological concerns. According to experts sit in front of the screen before sleeping causes insomnia. Parents are the first educators in the reduction of such cases. In the article, how to protect children from useless TV programs or how to provide them not to damage from these TV programs are mentioned. Key Words : Ailə, usaq tərbiyəsi, texnoloji avadanliqlar, Aile, cocuk egitimi, iletisim araclari, family, childrens education, technological equipment.


The large amount of data collected by the automatic astronomical cameras has to be transferred to the fast computers in a reliable way. The method chosen should ensure data streaming in both directions but in nonsymmetrical way. The Ethernet interface is very good choice because of its popularity and proven performance. However it requires TCP/IP stack implementation in devices like cameras for full compliance with existing network and operating systems. This paper describes NUDP protocol, which was made as supplement to standard UDP protocol and can be used as a simple-network protocol. The NUDP does not need TCP protocol implementation and makes it possible to run the Ethernet network with simple devices based on microcontroller and/or FPGA chips. The data transmission idea was created especially for the "Pi of the Sky" project.