In this paper, we discuss building blocks that enable the exploitation of optical capacities beyond 100 Gb∕s. Optical networks will benefit from more flexibility and agility in their network elements, especially from coherent transceivers. To achieve capacities of 400 Gb∕s and more, coherent transceivers will operate at higher symbol rates. This will be made possible with higher bandwidth components using new electro-optic technologies implemented with indium phosphide and silicon photonics. Digital signal processing will benefit from new algorithms. Multi-dimensional modulation, of which some formats are already in existence in current flexible coherent transceivers, will provide improved tolerance to noise and fiber nonlinearities. Constellation shaping will further improve these tolerances while allowing a finer granularity in the selection of capacity. Frequency-division multiplexing will also provide improved tolerance to the nonlinear characteristics of fibers. Algorithms with reduced computation complexity will allow the implementation, at speeds, of direct pre-compensation of nonlinear propagation effects. Advancement in forward error correction will shrink the performance gap with Shannon's limit. At the network control and management level, new tools are being developed to achieve a more efficient utilization of networks. This will also allow for network virtualization, orchestration, and management. Finally, FlexEthernet and FlexOTN will be put in place to allow network operators to optimize capacity in their optical transport networks without manual changes to the client hardware.


The invention discloses blood pressure-reducing recovery drink, which solves the problem of medicine dependence during treatment for hypertension and hyperlipidemia diseases. The drink is characterized by consisting of the following components in percentage by weight: 5 to 15 percent of edible mushroom, 15 to 25 percent of lucid ganoderma, 10-20 percent of ligusticum chuanxiong hort, 15 to 35 percent of hawthorn, 15-35 percent of the root of red-rooted salvia and 1 to 5 percent of additive, and being prepared by the following steps of: drying edible mushrooms in the shade; extracting; soaking in Chinese herbal medicines; standing and purifying; mixing the components; and sterilizing, equalizing, disinfecting and encapsulating. The drink has the advantages of wide material sources, blending of the mushrooms and the natural medicines, rich nutrition and good effect, and is applicable to people with hypertension or hyperlipidemia diseases.


Presently the world has enormous advancement in science and technology the topic considered here is just a drop out of an ocean of knowledge. In the present scenario if we think of life without a computer then it is very difficult for any firm or organization to survive in the market. In this cutthroat competition productivity is simultaneously embodied by safety, environment and ergonomics. Higher product quality, better reliability, better availability of plants, optimization of cost and choosing right maintenance procedure is the chief concern now a days. Generally the production and maintenance task are going simultaneously, nearly 40 to 45% of production cost goes to the maintenance work, hence there is a lot of scope to minimize the maintenance cost.


The need to promote autonomous learning and the focus on content-based instruction as one of the most effective methods to learn and acquire knowledge in ESP context have resulted in the development of activities to integrate the Internet into the classroom. Webquest is an activity designed for this purpose that takes full advantage of the resources on the Internet. The term webquest first coined by B. Dodge and T. March at San Diego State University in 1995 is an inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from resources on the internet [1].Webquests have been rapidly integrated into the teaching and learning process due to many compelling reasons: They are an easy way to begin to incorporate Web-resources into the classroom, on both a short-term and long-term basis. They are mostly group activities and tend to develop learners' communicative and cooperative skills. They can be used in an interdisciplinary context, allowing for crossover into other departments and subject areas. They encourage critical thinking skills: comparing, classifying, inducing, deducing, analysing errors, constructing support, abstraction, analysing perspectives, etc. They tend to have a motivating effect on learners [2]. According to B. Dodge, webquests have the following components: An introduction that sets the stage and provides some background information. A feasible and interesting task that is a formal description of what students will have accomplished by the end of the WebQuest. A set of information sources needed to complete the task. A description of the process the learners should follow to complete the task. Evaluation, usually in the form of the rubric that sets the assessment criteria for the students. A conclusion that brings closure to the quest, reminds the learners about what they've learned, and perhaps encourages them to extend the experience into other domains [1]. Although originally webquests were not intended for foreign or second language acquisition, their potential for this purpose has been explored by several researchers (Koenraad T., Luzon M.J., Richards C., Sysoyev P., Yevstigneyev M.). The LanguageQuest Project done by Koenraad T. has resulted in developing the following criteria for optimising webquest concept for language learning: the task should promote use of the target language;


A novel photocatalysis to construct the 3-acyl-4-arylcoumarin framework from simple aldehyde with ynoate is described. The reaction proceeded through an acyl radical intermediate generated by hydrogen atom abstraction from aldehyde, followed by reaction with ynoate and then cyclization to afford coumarins. This valuable radical cyclization reaction gave over 20 coumarin derivatives in moderate to good yields with inexpensive 2-tBu-anthraquinone as a catalyst. In addition, synthetic coumarins were investigated for 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced secretion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and cell proliferation of androgen-dependent CWR22Rv1 cells.


The first fall degree assumption provides a complexity approximation of Grobner basis algorithms when the degree of regularity of a polynomial system cannot be precisely evaluated. Most importantly, this assumption was recently used by Petit and Quisquater's to conjecture that the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem can be solved in subexponential time for binary fields (binary ECDLP). The validity of the assumption may however depend on the systems in play. In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally study the first fall degree assumption for a class of polynomial systems including those considered in Petit and Quisquater's analysis. In some cases, we show that the first fall degree assumption seems to hold and we deduce complexity improvements on previous binary ECDLP algorithms. On the other hand, we also show that the assumption is unlikely to hold in other cases where it would have very unexpected consequences. Our results shed light on a Grobner basis assumption with major consequences on several cryptanalysis problems, including binary ECDLP.


Several proposals have been introduced in the United States to create new "public domain" or "vendor-neutral" approaches for citing judicial opinions.' Differing systems for public domain citations have been adopted in the states of Colorado and Louisiana. At this writing, the judiciary in the state of Wisconsin is considering a third approach, one that would radically change the way lawyers and judges cite state cases in that jurisdiction.


The lack of using cooperative learning particularly group works in the Algerian ELTprogrammes has resulted less interactional skills development and it still encounter difficulties to be developed. Thus represents lack of empirical evidence about the efficiency of group work activities for the development of the oral interaction in the Algerian context. In addition to this, few detailed descriptions of the patterns of oral interaction in EFL classes are known. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of group work on EFL learners' oral interaction developmentand how the use of group work activities influences the development of oral interaction inside and outside classroom situations. This work relied on mixed method approach by combining both of quantitative and qualitative method, and followed a descriptive research design. The sample of this study was ten (10) teachers randomly selected from our population. The collected data from questionnaire and interview was analyzed with the help of computer software which is SPSS. The results revealed that the use of group works have influence the development of oral interaction and the learners working in groups are more exposed to the development of their interactional skills and resources.


Co-Principal Investigator, "An intersectionality approach: Health of LGBTQ youth" 2017–2018 Vice President for Research Seed Grant, UConn; Total: $39,825 (completed)  Principal Investigator, "LGBTQ+ sexual health: Improving health and well-being" 2017–2018 Scholarship Facilitation Fund Seed Grant, UConn; Total: $2,000 (completed) Department of Human Development & Family Studies research grant, UConn; Total: $4,000


Philosophies of inclusion often operate on the premise that to be included in larger society, those who are deemed as different from the norm, who are defined as "unruly", must be fixed or modified, "transformed or improved" to be embraced as acceptable. In the world of education, students with disabilities are thus evaluated, assessed, and found wanting; and their bodies and minds are rehabilitated, reformed, regimented, and ruled in an attempt to bring everyone to an agreed-upon center. The purpose of this article is to critically examine this normalizing impact of inclusion in the context of postsecondary educational spaces, by using an intersectional framework that references unruliness as commonality amongst multiple identities, and that centers the transformative power of Black women's knowing. An exploration of Collins concept of visionary pragmatism, her focus on intersectionality and Hooks description of engaged pedagogy provides an opportunity to explore the ways in which Black women's critical perspectives can inform and expand disability scholarship and educational practice at the postsecondary level by pushing beyond 2-dimensional ideas of inclusion, by setting up an expectation that within educational spaces lived experience is valued, that encourages an expansion of the imagination and ideas of able and asks educators and students to celebrate resistance to any norm that oppresses or marginalizes.


Resumen en: This article discusses the mobilizing work of a disability organization, at the local chapter level. I have spent about a year following the work of a ch...


abstract: To evaluate the application of coronary CT angiography in diagnosing myocardial bridge. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients were diagnosed on coronary CT angiography based on the abnormal course of coronary artery using 16-slice CT scanner, 7 of them underwent conventional x-ray coronary angiography and 10 of them underwent coronary MRA using 3D breath-holding FIESTA sequence. The efficiency of CTA, MRA and x-ray coronary angiogram in diagnosing myocardial bridge was compared. Results: Thirteen tunneled vessels located in myocardium of the 12 patients were detected on CTA, 4 of them could be detected on conventional x-ray angiogram with typical findings. MRI failed to detect the myocardial bridge excepted for 3 suspected vessels. Conclusion: Coronary CT angiography enables an accurate diagnosis of the myocardial bridge and could give a reasonable explanation to the myocardial ischemia.


Common solvents used for aromatic extraction from aliphatics typically degrade into toxic compounds, while green alternatives perform poorly compared to the state-of-the-art solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a novel solvent type made of hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA). DES have been applied in various applications, including advanced separations. In this study, DES were studied experimentally and using the Conductor-like Screening Model (COSMO) to separate benzene from cyclohexane as model compounds for an aromatic:aliphatic system. Both equilibrium and kinetic studies were performed to determine the liquid liquid equilibrium (LLE) and mass transfer rate for the DES-based separation. Selected HBAs including tetrabutylammonium bromide (N4444Br), tetrahexylammonium bromide (N6666Br), choline chloride (ChCl), and methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (METPB) were paired with HBDs including ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly). COSMO was used, with adjustments to reflect DES specific interactions, to predict the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE). COSMO results showed that ChCl and N6666Br-based DES extracted too little benzene or too much cyclohexane, respectively, to be considered for experimental evaluation. Overall, the COSMO model predictions for LLE of EG-based DES were very accurate, with root-mean-square deviations (RMSD) below 1% for both N4444Br:EG and METPB:EG. The glycerol systems were less accurately modeled, with RMSD's of 4% for N4444Br:Gly and 6% for METPB:Gly. The lower accuracy of glycerol system predictions fmay be due to limitations in COSMO for handling glycerol's influence on polarizability in the DES that is not seen in EG-based DES. Mass transfer kinetics were determined experimentally for DES and the results were fit to a first order kinetics model. METPB:Gly had the highest mass transfer coefficient at 0.180 min−1, followed by N4444Br:EG at 0.143 min−1. N4444Br:Gly and METPB:EG had the lowest mass transfer coefficients at 0.096 min−1 and 0.084 min−1, respectively. It was found that mass transfer rate was not directly related to maximum benzene solubility, as N4444Br:EG and METPB:Gly had the highest and lowest benzene removal, respectively, but had similar mass transfer coefficients.


Many neurodiverse individuals experience isolation in adult life with a significant percentage reporting never engaging in long term romantic relationships. Such social isolation can result in critical behavioral and mental health problems such as anxiety, addiction, and depression. Online socialization platforms can aid in relationship building as they are void of many complexities present in face-to-face communication. We conducted an exploratory study (N=10) with neurodiverse and neurotypical young adults to investigate how to design online socialization platforms that enables creating and maintaining lasting relationships, especially for neurodiverse individuals. We focused on understanding their experiences surrounding online socialization platforms, challenges in using them, and unmet needs. To elicit requirements, we designed a prototype socialization platform, Connection. Our findings reveal that there is indeed a great desire for such platforms among neurotypical and neurodiverse individuals.


Extensive studies have been made on the synthesis and crystal growth of nonlinear optical materials over the past decade because of their potential applications in the field of telecommunications, optical signal processing and optical switching. Optical nonlinearity of the crystals with O–H bond has been extensively studied (Xue et al 1996, Xu et al 2008). Crystallization of a molecule into a noncentrosymmetric structure can be achieved either by attaching to it suitable substituents which cause a steric hindrance, or by combining it with another molecule that has a favourable crystal structure (Jain et al 1981).


Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious issue of sickness and rise in global fatality rates. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is the first-line therapy in patients with COPD with respiratory fialure (RF). Tri-level positive airway pressure (Tri-PAP) is new challenging mode of noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Objectives To compare between two modes of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation [bi-level positive airway pressure (Bi-PAP) and Tri-PAP] and to spell out outcomes, complication, and predictors of favorable outcome of NIV in patients with COPD with respiratory failure. Patients and methods This prospective comparative study was accomplished on 30 patients with COPD with respiratory failure, who were subjected to NIV (Bi-PAP or Tri-PAP) and standard conventional therapy. Arterial-blood gases (ABGs) (initially, 6 h, and finally) were analyzed. NIV outcomes, complications, and predictors of success were encountered. Results Patients were categorized according to managerial therapeutic NIV into Bi-PAP (n=15) or Tri-PAP (n=15) groups. Initial, 6-h, and final ABGs analyses (pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, and O2 sat) and NIV outcomes (successful or failed weaning) were analogous, without considerable variation between both Bi-PAP and Tri-PAP groups. pH showed crucial advancement after 6 h of initiation of Tri-PAP NIV. Terminal ABG interpretation (pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and O2 sat) had better outcomes than initial and 6-h ABG analyses of Tri-PAP NIV group. Irritations and ulcerations of nasal bridge, dry nose or mouth, nasal congestion, hypotension, and PaCO2 increase were the most hazardous events in both Bi-PAP and Tri-PAP NIV groups. Shorter duration of NIV, lower BMI, higher pH, and lower PCO2 (initially, 6 h, and final ABGs) as well as higher O2 saturation (in final ABG) were predictors of successful weaning in NIV (Bi-PAP and Tri-PAP) groups collectively. Conclusion Bi-PAP and Tri-PAP are appropriate mode of NIV in patients with COPD with RF with minimal complication and better outcomes. Tri-PAP had no superiority of utilization than Bi-PAP mode. pH and PCO2 are the powerful predictors of favorable NIV outcomes.


In this article we demonstrated the study results of durability quality of cement paste containing waste solar PV cells. The conclusions were made on effect of this cement replacement. The use of ground solar cells on the durability properties of cement-based composite was investigated. As a result, we identified the factors affecting the durability for those of cement mortar specimens which predefined and made in lab.


Congenital myopathies are a heterogeneous group of inherited muscle disorders defined according to the characteristic morphologic lesions observed in the patient muscle biopsies. These lesions could be protein aggregates, cores, and an increased number of central nuclei. The clinical phenotype consists of hypotonia and muscle weakness from infancy, variably associated with other clinical characteristics. There is no specific treatment for these conditions. The congenital myopathies with protein aggregates are a subgroup of congenital myopathies characterized by aggregations of proteins in muscle. Morphological analysis of muscle can distinguish between nonspecific protein aggregations and/or well-defined inclusion bodies, patches or clusters. Mechanisms leading to protein aggregation still remain not completely elucidated. A deep morphological analysis could help in elucidating the events responsible for this phenomenon. Numerous gene loci or gene mutations have been identified in more than 20 forms of congenital myopathies.


A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Co (II) by using N (o hydroxy benzylidene) pyridine 2 amine (NOHBPA) as an analytical reagent. NOHBPA has been synthesized and characterized by elemental and spectral analysis. NOHBPA extracts Co (II) quantitatively (99.78%) into ethylacetate an aqueous solution of pH range 8.5 – 9.5. The ethylacetate extract shows an intense peak at 520 nm (λ max). Beer's law is obeyed over the Co (II) concentration range of 0.1 10 μg/ml. The sandell's sensitivity and molar absorptivity for Co NOHBPA system is 0.007142 μgcm-2 and 8250.82 L mole1cm-1 respectively. The composition of extracted species is found to be 1:2 (Co: NOHBPA) by Job's Continuous Variation and Mole Ratio Method. Interference by various ions has been studied. The proposed method has been successfully applied for determination of Co (II) in Pharmaceutical samples.


Objective To observe the changes of neurons and synapses in hippocampus CA1 zone in amyloid protein precursor( APPswe) / presenilin( PS1dE9) double transgenic mice( AD model),and to review the influence of curcumin on the cognitive function in APPswe / PS1dE9 double transgenic mice.Methods All APPswe /PS1dE9 double transgenic mice( 9 months old) were randomly divided into model group,rosiglitazone( 10 mg / kg / d) group,and high-dose( 400 mg / kg / d),mid-dose( 200 mg /kg /d) and low-dose( 100 mg / kg / d) curcumin groups( high-dose group,mid-dose group and low-dose group,each n = 6),and C57 / BL6J mice with the same age and genetic background were assigned into the normal control group. All groups,except normal group,were intragastrically given relevant medicinal respectively once a day for 6 months. The changes of hippocampus ultrastructure were observed with transmission electron microscope( TEM). Results The structure of hippocampus neutrons and neuropils were normal in normal group. In model group,neuron pyknosis,higher electron density,increase of lipofuscin( LPF) and lipid droplet in cytoplasm,and degeneration of neutrons in varying degrees were observed in the hippocampus CA1 zone,and myelinic degeneration,decrease and structural abnormality of synapses,and increased aggregation of synaptic vesicles were observed in neuropils. In curcumin groups the number of synapses increased and the above mentioned changes were ameliorated compared with model group. Conclusion Curcumin may improve the learning and memory abilities in APPswe /PS1dE9 double transgenic mice through increasing the number of synapses and changing hippocampus ultrastructure.


Thallium chloride, KRS-6, and KRS-5 crystals were grown. Their bulk optical losses at wavelengths of 5?6 and 10.6? were (3?5)?10?5 cm?1 (13?22 dB/km). For KRS-6 crystals a relationship was established between the bulk absorption coefficients and the concentrations of various impurities.


this paper is about how to strengthen the construction of the Communist Party of China under the guidance of the idea of three representatives. That is weshould strengthen the grass roots and the quality of all the carders and party members, the members of the Communist Party of China should be the model and leaders of the mass.


After a joint effort by armed militia from the countryside supplemented by popular uprising in and around the Somali capital, Mogadishu, Somalia's once powerful military regime collapsed in 1991. The opposition against the regime has been mounting for decades in the country's interior. Nonetheless, the various factions that ousted the regime failed to overcome their internal disagreements on sharing power and they embarked on the most costly tragic civil war Somalia ever experienced.
The concept of state and its relationship to a society is relevant for many developing countries, including Somalia. The dominant understanding for statehood today is the western state form. It is described as a state with various institutions that are engaged in collective authority and decision making. The presumption is a central authority that monopolises power. In order for the state to be viable, legitimacy should be sought from the governed. The more legitimacy a state can garner from the society, the more stable and consistent the state becomes. Although state-society relationship is relevant for Somalia, it is more precise to talk about a central political system that brings groups together.


AbstractMobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is currently one of the most used instruments in road inspections to collect geometric and radiometric data. Different strips of the same area are common and bring problems in data registration related to the inaccuracies of global navigation satellite systems. This paper shows a methodology for automatic and robust data registration. It is based on segmentation of highly reflective data (i.e., road signs) and avoids the use of control points manually marked, typically used in the traditional techniques. The data set must be acquired under favorable climatological conditions. Root-mean-square errors in registration show values around 2 cm, while if the high-reflectivity segmentation is not used values higher than 8 cm are obtained.


The traditional view is that angiotensin I1 is the principal culprit in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). However, it is now appreciated that aldosterone is a second culprit and that the harmful effects of aldosterone are additional to the harmful effects of angiotensin 11. This is important because the chronic suppressive effects of ACE inhibitors on aldosterone levels in heart failure are weak, variable and unsustained. Indeed we have recently shown that both aldosterone and plasma angiotensin I 1 are elevated in many CHF patients who are being treated with chronic ACE inhibitor therapy [ I ] . In our patients, 38 'I/o had an elevated aldosterone while only 15 % had an elevated plasma A11 level. The important clinical point is that there is plenty of residual aldosterone around for this to be a potential problem even in the presence of an ACE inhibitor. What therefore are the harmful effects of aldosterone in CHF? Interestingly, it is now recognised that aldosterone exerts major effects on all the principal mechanisms which produce cardiac death.


The utility model discloses a shock absorbing strut for the undercarriage of an airplane, which is telescopic. The outer cylinder of the shock absorbing strut is provided with a piston which can move up and down; the lower end of the piston is provided with the inner cylinder of the shock absorbing strut; a shock absorbing device is arranged between the piston and the shock absorbing strut; the top and the bottom of the outer cylinder of the shock absorbing strut are provided with two oil holes which are connected with a hydraulic control system. Since the utility model is telescopic, the lifting of the airplane is telescopic as required. Therefore, the utility model can expand the practical elevation range of the lifting of the airplane and is beneficial to the extended modification of a fuselage.


ONTROVERSY exists as to the incidence c and degree of hypotension following administration of d-tubocurarine (dTC) to anesthetized patients. Some investigators report decreases in blood pressure1,? after dTC, while others find no change, or state that depression is too little to be of clinical significance.3~~ To date, no study has evaluated the influence of changes in anesthetic depth on hypotension following intravenous dTC. This report describes blood pressure changes after dTC administration to the same patient at light and deep levels of halothane-oxygen anesthesia during controlled ventilation and surgical operation.


The Ikaros gene encodes a zinc‐finger transcription factor required during early B cell development, as B‐lineage cells are absent in mice lacking Ikaros. Here we describe a novel Ikaros‐targeted mouse line carrying a β‐galactosidase reporter in which low amounts of Ikaros proteins remain expressed. In homozygote animals, B cells are absent during fetal development, but develop postnatally from a reduced pool of precursors. In vitro, the proliferation and differentiation of B‐lineage progenitors are severely impaired. These defects are attenuated in vivo, but bone marrow B cells display an unusual pattern of cell surface marker expression and show decreased transcript levels for TdT, Rag‐1, Rag‐2 and λ5. These abnormalities suggest a partial block atthe proB cell stage of differentiation. In the periphery, mature B cells exhibit a lower activation threshold but form fewer germinal centers in response to antigenic stimulation. Our results show that Ikaros controls multiple aspects of B cell differentiation and function.


Industrial structure research is an important approach to regional economic system research,among which industry is the key part.The paper,comprehensively analyzes the evolvement of industry structure and characteristics of industrialization course in Wuhu City by making use of the Shift-share Method and location quotient method.The results show that the development of industry in Wuhu City has been accelerated and comprehensive competition power has been strengthened,and the traditional dominant industrial sections have been replaced by newly-rising industrial sections and industry system including several backbone sections has been developed and industrialization course of Wuhu City is entering the all-around developing status.At the end,present industry structure system in Wuhu City has been constructed and existing problems and development orientation in the evolvement of industry structure were put forward.


This paper deals with the problems of involving invalids of the Great Patriotic War through rehabilitation in the postwar life of society. It points out that after the Great Patriotic War invalids rehabilitation was a complex of events for employment, professional education, health recovery and social adaptation in the region as well as in the whole country. On the one hand, there were many mechanisms of solving war invalids problems. On the other hand, the government was very active in using administrative and financial resources. The public activities were also invaluable, they included board Trustees, patronage organizations, months, creative institutions of public inspectors. The author has come to the conclusion that the war invalids solved their material and everyday problems and felt their importance and necessity in the society because professional and medical rehabilitation helped them to promote state tasks in solution of making up working resources. However, during Stalinism period the problems of war rehabilitation werent solved in spite of those social practices.


The innovation ability of college students is the goal of higher education.It is one of the important approaches to this goal to hold various disciplinary contests.Furthermore,it is also in accord with the guidelines advanced by Chinese Ministry of Education in promoting quality engineering.Finally some measures are proposed as to how to boost and organize disciplinary contests in colleges and universities.


The study of the formation and development of karst phenomena and their rock relief using laboratory plaster modeling has again proven useful and informative. We continued the study of subsoil karren that forms under tight, poorly permeable contact with soil and of rain flutes formed by water at various temperatures. We determined the pattern of the reshaping of plaster tubes that are wider at the flow inlet than at the outlet end. The results are a significant contribution to explaining the formation of high ceiling niches and pockets in karst caves. The third experiment was carried out in phreatic conditions where water in a flume was forced to flow between layers of different composition. During the experiment, we observed the typical development of channels between pure plaster layers (uniform limestone beds), between plaster layers with added Portland cement reinforced fragments (breccia beds), siporex (slowly dissolving beds) and between three different layer types. Key words: laboratory modeling, karst, rock relief, subsoil karren, rain flutes, caves.


The problem of budgeting and approaches to budgeting with reference to branch of individual wooden housing construction is considered in article. Models of budgeting and production cost prices calculation at the enterprises of house-building branch are resulted.


Social economy was destroyed and the life of the people was in poverty in Guangxi after the War of Resistance Against Japan, Guangxi was badly in need of recuperation and multiplication but, in the successive years Guangxi famine and pestilence were so prevalent that this situation astonished the whole nation, and this situation not only further deepened the suffering of the victims of a natural calamity but also led to social disruption and serious consequence.


The seeds of panicum miliare (English-little
millet; Kannada-Save; Tamil-Samai, Telugu
-Samalu; Hindustani-Shevan) are of some
importance in certain regions of Madras,
Hyderabad and Mysore States. It is a short
duration crop which thrives even in areas of low
rainfall and on poor soil. The yield of the grain
is about 500 lb. per acre on an average but in
good seasons it may go up to Soo lb. (5). The
grain is usually husked and the husked grain is
either cooked in the same way as rice or is
ground and made into pudding or cakes.
The chemical composition of a sample of little
millet has been reported by Ranganathan, et al. (z).
Apart from this the nutritive value of the grain has
not so far been studied by animal feeding experiments.
In the present note, studies on the nutritive
value of little millet as compared with wheat are
reported.


Abstract— The growing use of digital technologies across various sectors and daily activities has made handwriting recognition a popular research topic. Despite the continued relevance of handwriting, people still require the conversion of handwritten copies into digital versions that can be stored and shared digitally. Handwriting recognition involves the computer's strength to identify and understand legible handwriting input data from various sources, including document, photo-graphs and others. Handwriting recognition pose a complexity challenge due to the diversity in handwriting styles among different individuals especially in real time applications. In this paper, an automatic system was designed to handwriting recognition using the recent artificial intelligent algorithms, the conventional neural network (CNN).
Different CNN models were tested and modified to produce a system has two important features high performance accuracy and less testing time. These features are the most important factors for real time applications. The experimental results were conducted on a dataset includes over 400,000 handwritten names; the best performance accuracy results were 99.8% for SqueezeNet model.


This paper analyzes the technological efficiency of companies in the European Union (EU). Our extensive database covers more than 4 million firm/year observations from many EU countries including both manufacturing and service sectors in 2001-2007. Methodologically we apply a model of a stochastic production productivity frontier. We show that: the economic signifikance of company age is negligible, the higher the debt the greater the efficiency, bigger companies are less efficient, and a medium-level concentration of the market benefits companies. Majority ownership, in contrast, does not lead to higher efficiency, but a combination of majority and minority ownership has a positive disciplinary influence leading to higher efficiency. As to the origins of ownership, it does not seem that foreign-(co-)owned companies imply greater efficiency in old European countries, whereas foreign ownership is a significant driver of efficiency in new EU members through FDI.


Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) subjected to adverse pressure gradient (APG) at Reτ = 834 is performed to investigate large-scale influences on vortical motions. For comparison, DNS data of a zero pressure gradient (ZPG) TBL at Reτ = 837 is analyzed. The spanwise energy spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuations show that the large-scale energy above 400 z    (λz/δ ≈ 0.5) is significantly enhanced in the APG TBL. Large-scale streamwise velocity fluctuations (uL) is extracted by employing a long-wavelengthpass filter with a cut-off wavelength of 400. z    Two velocityvorticity correlations ( z v   and ), y w   which represent the advective vorticity transport and vortex stretching, respectively, are conditionally averaged with respect to uL to explore the extension of large-scale influences on the vortical motions. The velocity-vorticity correlations are directly related to the skin friction coefficient (Cf). The total Cf in the APG TBL is reduced by 28% from that in the ZPG TBL. The skin friction induced by z v   and y w   contribute negatively and positively to the total Cf respectively. In the APG TBL, the negative contribution of z v   decreases 29.6%, while the positive contribution of y w   slightly increases about 7.0%. Under the intense negative and positive uL ( 2 L u    and 2), L u    the contribution of z v   in the APG TBL is enhanced 8.33 and 2.72 times compared to the ZPG TBL. The skin friction induced by y w   increases 1.8 times only under 2 L u    in the APG TBL. The enhanced largescale motions in the outer region strongly modulate the vortical motions. In particular, the low-speed structures augment the contribution of the advective vorticity transport and the contribution of the vortex stretching is enhanced under the influence of the high-speed structures in the APG TBL. INTRODUCTION One of important features in APG TBLs is an increase of large scales in the outer region: e.g., a strong secondary peak in the premultiplied energy spectra of the streamwise velocity fluctuations (Harun et al. 2013; Lee 2017). Large-scale structures (LSSs), scale with Ο (δ), where δ is the boundary layer thickness, play an important role in the production of turbulent kinetic energy and the transport of momentum. LSSs contain about half of the turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress in turbulent flows (Guala et al. 2006; Balakumar & Adrian 2007). LSSs with strong energy in the outer region extend to the near-wall region as footprints (Hutchins & Marusic 2007a). Hutchins & Marusic (2007b) observed that amplitudes of three velocity fluctuations and the Reynolds shear stress are attenuated under negative largescale fluctuations at y+ = 15 in the instantaneous fluctuating signals. To measure a degree of amplitude modulation (AM) influences, Mathis et al. (2009) introduced AM coefficient, which is the correlation between the large-scale fluctuations and filtered envelope of small-scale fluctuations. Using the AM coefficient, the AM influences of LSSs on small scales were investigated for the streamwise velocity fluctuations (Mathis et al. 2009) and for the cross-stream components (Talluru et al. 2014). Since the outer energy carried by the large scales is enhanced in APG TBLs, the degree of the AM for the streamwise components is enhanced compared to ZPG TBLs (Harun et al. 2013; Lee 2017). Given that the footprints of large-scales low-speed structures is narrower than that of the low-speed structure (Hwang et al. 2016), the influence of outer large-scale lowand high-speed structures is asymmetric in the near-all region (Agostini & Leschziner 2014; Hwang et al. 2016). This difference is related to the near-wall spanwise motions induced by the associated largescale circulations, which are congregative and dispersive (Hwang et al. 2016). Ganapathisubramani et al. (2012) statistically investigated the AM influences on the small-scale streamwise velocity fluctuations with respect to the strength of large scales and showed that the amplitude of the small scales in the near-wall region is attenuated or amplified under the negative of positive large scales, respectively. Since the near-wall vortical structures are related to the small-scale velocity fluctuations, the vortical motions could be affected by the outer large-scale structures and thus the large-scale influences on the vortical motions could be enhanced in APG TBLs. Recently, Yoon et al. (2016a) derives an expression for the skin friction coefficient (Cf), which quantifies the contributions of the velocity-vorticity correlations ( z v   and ) y w   to the skin friction. The correlations z v   and y w   are interpreted as the advective vorticity transport and vortex stretching (Tennekes & Lumley 1972). The streamwise vortical structures are a major part of the self-sustaining process since they create or amplify the near-wall streaks via the lift-up process (Kim 2011). Although the vortical motions play a crucial role in near-wall turbulence, most studies in the APG TBLs have not dealt with the influences of LSSs on the vortical motions. In the APG TBL, the streamwise


This paper presents the measurement results of a MMIC power amplifiers (PA), based on InAlGaN/GaN HEMT technology, for Ka band applications. The three-stages MMIC is operating within a bandwidth of [25-31]GHz and demonstrate over this bandwidth a saturated output power of 40dBm. Each stage uses 8x50µm gate width HEMTs fabricated with a 0.15µm gate length on 70µm thick SiC substrate.


The stability of BN thin film coatings (2--5 nm thick) on MgO and TiO2 substrates was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The samples were heated in air for at least 16 hours at temperatures ranging from 773 K--1273 K. On MgO supports, the BN thin film coating was lost by 1073 K due to a solid state reaction with the substrate leading to formation of Mg2B2O5. No such reaction occurred with the TiO2 substrate and the BN was stable even at 1273 K. However, the coating appeared to ball up and phase segregate into islands of near-graphitic BN and clumps of TiO2 (rutile). The oxidizing treatment appears to promote the transformation from turbostratic BN to graphitic BN. 7 refs.


Rational approximation for realization of fractional operator has been an area of intensive research work since last few decades. The basic reason for this increasing interest among the researchers and scientist is primarily due to its interdisciplinary nature of this operator in various fields of science and engineering for accurate modeling of many natural and physical processes. Many researchers have proposed different methods of rational approximations of fractional operator and its analog and digital realization using active and passive electronic components has been discussed till date. The scope of this paper is mainly limited to the survey of different analog realization techniques of the fractional operator and their implementation using passive electronic components.


We describe self-starting passive mode locking of a cw inhomogeneously broadened laser and compare its characteristics with those of a passively mode-locked homogeneously broadened laser using different Nd-doped glasses as the active material. Broadband gain media with homogeneously broadened transitions are found to be superior to those broadened inhomogeneously for passively mode-locked lasers.


A method for operating a scrubber (10) in-sink comprising a sink (16) having a bight (20) forming a chamber (30) washing, and a recirculation system (38, 172, 114) liquid for spraying liquid through the wash chamber to wash any dishes therein, characterized by comprising method operations of: first upon initiation of the overall process (300) determining the level of liquid in the chamber (20 ) and drain fluid from the chamber (20) if the liquid level is greater than a first predetermined level and run a wash cycle based on the determined level of liquid.


In light of the powerful light manipulation ability of holographic metasurfaces, optical imaging with wavelength multiplexing and polarization multiplexing is performed in this paper. The metasurface is composed of identical rectangular nanoholes etched in silver film. Three imaging effects, including the in-plane color imaging, three-dimensional wavelength-encrypted imaging, and polarization-multiplexing wavelength-encrypted imaging, are realized. The designed metasurface has compact structure, and the obtained image has lower noise. The simulation and experiment results give the verification. Multiple images, including spatial multiplexing, wavelength multiplexing, and polarization multiplexing, exhibit immense potentialities of metasurfaces, and this work is helpful for expanding the applications of metasurfaces.


The purpose of this study is to prevent the stick, scuffing, scratch between piston and cylinder, is to contribute the piston design such as piston profile, clearance by calculating reaction force by over-lap of piston skirt, as measuring the temperature distributions of cylinder wall. The experiment has been peformed to obtain data during actual engine operation. Temperature gradient in peripheral and axial distributions of cylinder wall according to torque and speed of engine were measured by use of an 800cc class gasoline engine. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1) The temperature of cylinder wall at TDC was about higher than temperature of cooling water. 2) The rear side temperature of top dead center was (1/4 load) in axial distribution, whereas the rear side of midway position temperature was . 3) The temperature of cylinder wall increased in according to rising temperature of cooling water. 4) The thrust side temperature of cylinder wall was about in all load test. 5) The rear side temperature of top dead center was (1/2 load) in peripheral distribution, it was about higher than thrust side temperature.


OBJECTIVE: Utilizing cardiac MRI to explore the hypothesis that late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) may be associated with a higher prevalence of cardiomyopathy than currently described in the literature.
BACKGROUND: Unlike the infantile form of Pompe disease that has known cardiovascular sequela, the association of cardiovascular pathology with the adult onset form continues to be a subject of debate. Our recent unpublished data suggests that patients with muscular dystrophy undergo a unique form of cardiac remodeling, distinct from other known forms, and that cardiac MRI may be a more sensitive method for detecting cardiomyopathy in these patients. To our knowledge there are currently no similar studies using cardiac MRI to investigate the cardiac function of patients with LOPD.
DESIGN/METHODS: In this case report of two patients with LOPD, we utilized cardiac MRI to detect changes in the following cardiac parameters; left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV), and left ventricular mass (LVM).
RESULTS: The two patients examined had subtle but significant changes in one or more of the measured cardiac parameters. The first patient, a 32 year old woman, had a low normal LVEF (62[percnt], NR* 62-72[percnt]), an increased LVEDV (146.3 mL, NR 73-199 mL), an increased RVEDV (139.2 mL, NR 82-130 mL), and a decreased LVM (75.2 gm, NR 99-151 gm). The second patient, a 30 year old man, had a reduced LVEF (57[percnt], NR 62-72[percnt]), a normal LVEDV (124 mL, NR 106-166 mL), a normal RVEDV (167 mL, NR 122-192 mL), and a decreased LVM (88 gm, NR 147-209 gm).
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiac dysfunction found in this case series suggests that cardiomyopathy in patients with LOPD may be more prevalent than previously recognized and deserves further investigation.
*NR = normal range, based on Dallas Heart Study. Disclosure: Dr. Bryarly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nations has received personal compensation for activities with Hilton Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Mammen has received personal compensation for activities with PhaseBio Inc. as an scientific advisor. Dr. Trivedi has nothing to disclose.


HAZARDOUS AREAS SOIL EROSION: AN APLICATION BY GEOPROCESSING This geoenvironmental study developed at the municipality of Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro State, shows problematic areas (hazardous areas Soil Erosion ). Electronic data processing was done through SAGA/ UFRJ software, where was prepared a diagnosis study of the main issues at municipal level was performed. Conventional techniques and methods such as field surveys, map and Landsat TM image interpretations were used. Thematic maps generated were then used to perform an environmental analysis.


The data acquisition of temperature,primary gas density and other parameters which existed in the gas drainage pipeline of the gob is achieved by taking advantage of PLC control technology,and real time adjustment of vacuum air pump,water circulating pump,cooling fan and major pipe electromotion regulating valve and other devices is achieved.The technological requirements and control logic table of PLC control technology is given,and it has a good run results.


The image of schooling tends to be benign, lulling parents and guardians into an assumption of safety for at least 6 hours each weekday. The complement to safety as an imagined state of schooling contains incidents of school violence and tragedy that feed communities' and parents' primeval fears about the well being of their children. The consequences of imagined safety, along with panic resulting from incidents of school violence or other lapses in school safety, yield school policies and rules that, perversely, may exacerbate community fears. Under the 2001 federal law known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the consequences of a public accounting for school safety may have generated more opportunities for public fear and panic as opposed to increasing conditions for school safety and security. The article concludes with strategies, rather than the blunt legislative approach to policies, for mediating public fears by ensuring genuine school safety.


The term martensitic is used for a diffusionless structural phase transformation β→α M which is associated with a considerable amount of lattice variant shear: γ βα ≃0.2. This reaction is defined as reversible if the reverse reaction α M →β faultlessly restores the original parent crystal β. Sets of factors are established which favour the reversible (or irreversible) mode. Hysteresis is due to lattice friction acting on the moving β/α M -transformation interfaces during a transformation cycle. It can vary by several orders of magnitude. Analogies are indicated between ferromagnetic and martensitic hysteresis


The present study aimed to clarify the effect of steaming temperature on ascorbic acid (AsA) contents and the characteristics of low temperature steaming (LTS) method, compared to LTS under vacuum and boiling as cooking methods. We analyzed the total AsA contents in sweet potato, broccoli and potato subjected to 60-90℃ steaming conditions. The results showed that steaming at low temperature resulted in low AsA loss. In addition, we analyzed the total/reduced AsA and antioxidant properties in the three vegetables treated with LTS, LTS under vacuum and boiling. These analyses demonstrate that LTS is able to achieve low AsA loss and has greater utility than boiling.


March and Simon's (1958: 50) assumption that search happens within a "benign environment" has become taken-for-granted in organizational studies. The implications of making this assumption are not widely theorized, investigated, or even discussed, and yet, it often appears to have been unwittingly imported into explanations of organizational learning. March and Simon acknowledged that this assumption was not realistic—our work builds on theirs by investigating the origins and consequences of a non-benign search environment. We draw on in-depth qualitative research at a Fortune 500 mining firm to show how perceptions of social risk problematize the assumption of a benign search environment. Causal links are drawn between role equivalence, performance comparisons, and rivalry for social status to explain how social risk is generated and why it can lead actors to view the intraorganizational search environment as non-benign. These perceptions help create what we describe as a "paradox of local equivalence" that leads actors to search for nonlocal solutions. Our causal logic provides a new way of understanding the phenomena of nonlocal search; complements explanations of nonlocal search founded on myopia in organizational learning; and shows how the micro-foundations of existing search models can be adapted to better explain organizational learning. In doing so, this study contributes to recent efforts to improve behavioral explanations of search and learning by bringing the notion of intraorganizational conflict back to center stage in this important area of organizational theory.


Subject
 The social and environmental implications of Africa's rising energy demand.

 Significance
 Africa's energy development poses fundamental social and environmental challenges. Rapid population growth combined with industrialisation and urbanisation imply large increases in energy demand, much of which is expected to be met by fossil fuels, undermining sustainability goals. Yet increased energy use is critical for the economic development of a continent much of which still has to move away from a dependence on traditional biomass and gain modern levels of access to electricity.

 Impacts
 The poor state of electricity infrastructure will retard large-scale electrification, encouraging recourse to off-grid renewables.
 Weak infrastructure will also increase the degree to which future energy demand is met by fossil fuels.
 Distributed solar and micro-solar use will expand most rapidly where mobile banking has already penetrated.


It has been carried out that a conceptual study to apply the hybrid power system for a compound rotary-wing UAV. Basically, the hybrid power system consists of engine, motor&generator, battery and controller. The hybrid system divided into two that are series-hybrid and parallel-hybrid, and the performance characteristics have been investigated along with the system configuration. In general, the series-hybrid system design is simple, but the parallel-hybrid system design is complex to fit the operation mode of the vehicle so the power can be supplied more effectively than the series-hybrid.


The Mirai attacks of 2016 have shown the devastating DDoS potential of compromised IoT devices (primarily IoT cameras and DVRs), when nearly half a million of these devices were used to launch some of the largest and most devastating DDoS attacks recorded to date. One would hope that a full year later, the users and administrators of Internet-facing IoT devices have taken at least the basic measures towards reducing the likelihood that their devices get recruited as facilitators/executors of direct or reflected DDoS attacks. Unfortunately, the results of our recent study involving real-world IoT cameras and DVRs are rather discouraging as they show that: 1) with the existence of publicly accessible IoT search engines, such as Shodan, it has become easier than ever for hacker to discover and compromise IoT devices, of any kind and anywhere in the world, and 2) a significant number of these devices are inadequately protected against TCP-SYN floods and DDoS reflection - either by means of firewalls or at the OS-level. The aim of this article is to serve as a wake-up call to the users and administrators of Internet-facing IoT devices, and alert to the need to better protect these devices form being coopted by hackers for purposes of DDoS attacks.


The paper researchs the cause-effect relationship between economic growth and stock market development in Vietnam by using vector error correction model (VECM). The results prove that there is a long-term relationship between Vietnamese economic growth and its stock market. Besides, the Granger causality test illustrates that there exists a unidirectional relationship which Vietnamese stock maket development will cause Granger - causality to the economic growth. Thanks to its market capitalization size, Vietnamese stock market performs its role in funding for the economy. But there is not enough evidence to conclude that the stock market's liquidity and turnover ratio which can cause Granger causality to its economic growth. The other findings show that there is only a small contribution ratio of the stock market to the economic growht by using variance decomposition of GDP. Finally, the paper also implies about policies for Vietnamese Government in improving the stock market's liquidity and turnover ratio to contribute for the economy in the future.


The invention discloses a vehicle tracking navigation method and a mobile terminal. The method comprises the following steps that: the mobile terminal periodically transmits a query request to a vehicle comprehensive control center; the mobile terminal receives response information returned back from the vehicle comprehensive control center, wherein the response information comprises the current GPS (Global Position System) information of the target vehicle obtained by the vehicle comprehensive control center, and the map information marked by the current GPS information; and the mobile terminal dynamically displays the map information on a display screen. The mobile terminal comprises a transmitting module for periodically transmitting the query request to the vehicle comprehensive control center, a receiving module for receiving the response information returned back from the vehicle comprehensive control center, and a display module for dynamically displaying the map information on the display screen. In the method, the mobile terminal and the vehicle comprehensive control center are in communication data interaction, and by the manner of displaying the dynamic map, the mobile terminal user can know the latest running position of the target vehicle tracked by the user in real time.


Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation, and single-crystal structure analyses are described for a number of CuI and CuII co-ordination compounds with the ligand 1,8-bis[bis(1′-methyl-benzimidazol-2′-ylmethyl)amino]-3,6-dioxaoctane (L). The compounds have the general formulae Cu2(L)X2Y2·xS, Cu(L)Y, Cu2(L)(CO)2Y2, Cu2(L)(Z)Y3, and Cu2(L)X2, where X = F, Cl, Br, or I; Y = ClO4, BF4, CF3SO3, Cl, or Br; Z = bridging anion like benzotriazolate; and S = solvent. Single-crystal structures of three CuII compounds, [Cu2(L)F2][BF4]2·2H2O·H2OBF3(1), [Cu2(L)Cl2]Cl2·6H2O (2), and [Cu2(L)Br2][CF3SO3]2·EtOH (3) have been determined using diffractometer data. All three compounds contain the dinuclear unit [XCu(L)CuX]2+ in which the ligand L bridges the two Cu–X fragments. However, the intramolecular Cu ⋯ Cu distances are very large (i.e. larger than 575 pm). The intermolecular Cu ⋯ Cu contacts are much shorter, being 481, 388–488, and 398–405 pm, for (1), (2), and (3), respectively. Ligand-field, e.s.r., n.m.r., and i.r. spectra have been used to characterise all the compounds. The ligand-field maxima all agree with square-pyramidal CuII with a CuN3XO chromophore in which X = F, Cl, or Br, respectively. The e.s.r. spectra indicate that exchange effects (intermolecularly) are important, resulting even in exchange-narrowed signals. Only the compounds Cu2(L)(Z)Y3 exhibit e.s.r. spectra typical for dinuclear CuII systems. The observed νCO bands at ca. 2 100 cm–1 for the CuI–CO adducts agree with end-on CO co-ordination.


Ruptures of the social fabrics accompany China's rapid pace of development and its integration into the global market, severing the connection between cultural memory and history. Increasingly abstracted into economic, administrative, and exchange processes, the matrix of meaning and values that used to connect individuals to society and the past to the present has lost its self-evidence and cohesive power. In the emergent society of consumption and mass media the older Marxian notion of history as social and political practice is receding from public purview and China's past is being dissolved into spectacles. The 1980s critique of the grand narrative was taken over by the liberal-consumerist erasure of history under the spell of global capital. Cultural production has exhibited a downturn to the immediate and the everyday, to consumptive practices and frivolous pleasure. In opposition to this there arose a striving for renewed engagement with history, an intensified attempt to seek possibilities in the past for understanding and responding to swift changes. Wang Anyi's fiction epitomizes a serious engagement with history. This essay focuses on the mythical motif in Wang's fiction that draws on memory, associated with legend, folklore, and tradition, to critique the accelerative thrust of modern history. The novel Reality and Fiction (Jishi yu xugou) represents a poignant attempt to invoke a primordial history steeped in myth. The short story 'Marriage of the Fairies' ('Tianxian pei') illustrates the way memory can be a strong resource that binds a group into a community under the exigency of change as well as a critique of modernity.


Scientific data on the length of parturition stage, placental weight, and the number of placentomes in Ongole (PO), Simental Ongole (SimPO), Limosin and Ongole (LimPO) breeds in Yogyakarta Province are not yet known. This research aimed to study parturition stage, placental weight, and placentomes number on beef catlle in small holder farm. This research was carried out on small farmers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. There were 22 PO, 7 simpo, and 4 limpo cattle. The first study determined length stage of parturition. The second study determined the weight of the placenta and the number of placentomes. Data collected were analyzed descriptively. The results of first stage in PO, SimPO, and LimPO cattle were 73.7, 44.5, and 62. 9 hours. The duration of second stage in PO, SimPO, and LimPO cattles were 58.1, 78.7, and 24.5 minutes. The duration of third stage in PO, SimPO, and LimPO cattle were 4.3, 4.8, and 3.5 hours. The placenta weight in PO and SimPO cattle showed that the average of placenta weight was 4.1 and 3.6 Kg. The number of placentomes in PO, SimPO, dan LimPO cattle were 92.5, 92.8, and 102.6. This research showed that the average of stage I in PO was longer than SimPO and LimPO, stage II and stage III in SimPO was longer than PO and LimPO. In addition, the average of placenta weight in PO was heavier than SimPO and LimPO cows. The average number of placentomes in LimPO was higher than PO and SimPO cattle.


Background: Medical and diagnostic applications of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) are increasing, especially in operating rooms (OR). Since NIRS is an optical technique, radio frequency (RF) interference from other instruments is unlikely to affect the raw optical data, however, NIRS data processing and signal output could be affected. Methods: We investigated the potential for three common OR instruments: an electrical cautery, an orthopaedic drill and an imaging system, to generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) that could potentially influence NIRS signals. The time of onset and duration of every operation of each device was recorded during surgery. To remove the effects of slow changing physiological variables, we first used a lowpass filter and then selected 2 windows with variable lengths around the moment of device onset. For each instant, variances (energy) and means of the signals in the 2 windows were compared. Results: Twenty patients were studied during ankle surgery. Analysis shows no statistically significant difference in the means and variance of the NIRS signals (p < 0.01) during operation of any of the three devices for all surgeries. Conclusion: This method confirms the instruments evaluated caused no significant interference. NIRS can potentially be used without EMI in clinical environments such as the OR.


with the secondary circuit and relay protection which take part in protection, measurement and monitoring of primary equipment are also in the process of continuous optimization, so as one important signal which provides alarm information for operating personnel, accident total signal should draw the attention of professional personnel of relay protection. In one substation, protection cabinet of transformer compartment is configured by UR series L30 short lead protection device, operation box and 86 trip block relay of GE company; after the protection trips, 86 trip block relay takes action and cuts off the control circuit, but Positioning relay (HWJ)/(Jump relay) TWJ cannot act normally to feed back the location of circuit breaker, which results in the accident total signal always cannot be given out normally. This paper will carry out technical analysis on secondary circuit and come up with solution.


The general purpose of the Community Development Programme in India is to induce village communities (through extension methods and offer of financial and technical assistance) to participate actively, and to take initiative ultimately, in matters which directly concern their welfare. The approach to community development administration has been to create within each district separate administrative units for rural planning and development called blocks; to give each block a unified organization consisting of government personnel specially trained to work with village people; to provide each block with assured funds according to the provisions of schematic budgets formulated by the Government of India; to establish it as the common agency for all development departments working in rural India; and to ensure its efficient working through a series of co-ordinating committees and controlling authorities at the district, state, and national levels. National objectives have been stated in the five-year plans in terms sufficiently flexible to allow adjustment within each state to suit local circumstances.


Purpose: The fruits of Limonia acidissima Linn are used traditionally in India for the treatment of tumours, asthma, wounds, cardiac debility and hepatitis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing activity of the methanol extract of its fruit pulp (MELA) in incision, excision and dead-space wound models. Methods: Albino rats of either sex were divided into four groups, viz, wounded control, wounded rats administered standard drug, nitrofurazone (2 %), and wounded rats administered MELA 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In incision wound model, wound breaking strength and epithelization period were evaluated, while in excision wound model, wound contraction was studied. In dead-space wound model, granulation tissue dry weight, hydroxyproline levels in dry granulation tissue, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels in wet granulation tissue were estimated. Granulation tissue was subjected to histopathological examination in order to determine whether there was healing by formation of collagen in the wound tissue in extract-treated animals. Results: Increased wound breaking strength, decreased epithelization period, increased wound contraction, increased granulation tissue weight and hydroxyproline concentration were observed in the various groups, compared with the control group. Also, increased activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, i.e., higher SOD and catalase levels, were seen in extract-treated groups when compared to controls. Wound healing activity was statistically significant (p Keywords: Limonia acidissima, Wound healing, Antioxidant enzymes, Wound models, Hydroxyproline.


This article engages critically with recent social theorising about local development, with illustrative examples from Icelandic peripheral settings. People in resource–based localities have attempted to cope with the transformations of late modernity in various ways. Such coping strategies consist of reflexive social practices which simultaneously produce and make use of social capital. A view of social capital as embedded in practice is advanced: instead of considering it as being a quantitatively measurable property of individuals, communities or even nations, we suggest a qualitative, interactionist approach. Seen in this way, the analytical concepts of coping and social capital are helpful for understanding current trends from resource–based towards cultural economies. Tourism is one such trajectory which has become particularly significant in Iceland. Examples of coping and social capital are provided in the article, obtained from the authors' studies of tourist operators in two Icelandic localities.


Based on the need of work safety supervision and control for major hazards,the whole framework and the structure of software and hardware of safety management and monitoring information system for major hazards were designed.Furthermore,a standard safety management and monitoring information system was developed,including the subsystem of major hazard identification,safety evaluation and gradation,remote real-time monitoring,E-maps based on GIS,GPS positioning,emergency plan and command,site locating and safety planning etc,which provided an advanced tool for establishing the information system of major hazard control based on Internet.This system has been widely applied in major risk declaration and registration in Jiangsu province,Shandong province and Hebei province etc with good effectiveness.


MAISON&OBJET presents a cutting-edge platform that is in line with the developments in the market and suited to your specific needs.


This study sought to develop a model that can predict banks' profitability and help the corporate governing bodies of financial institutions to define strategies that address possible adverse scenarios. The partial least squares approach to structural equation model (SEM) was used to process data on the 100 largest banks in the world by volume of assets, between 2011 and 2015, as well as macroeconomic variables of the countries in which the banks were headquartered. A model able to predict the banks' profitability was created using the latent variables of capital adequacy, operations, asset quality, size, and profile of the countries in which the banks were based. The model also relied on indicators of these concepts, namely, 30 accounting, financial, and economic ratios. The results have important practical implications since they enable banks' corporate governing bodies to make decisions on issues such as size, location, or solvency and facilitate predictions of banks' profitability. In addition, the approach applied (i.e., SEM analysis) contributes to improving the methodology used in studies of the banking sector as a result of the information that the proposed model provides.


The deformation star product of smooth functions on the momentum phase space of covariant (polysymplectic) Hamiltonian field theory is introduced.


MANDOLIN (MANagement and Diagnosis Of Large Information Networks) is an expert system structure for large communication networks. It integrates the concepts of data-driven inference, goal-driven inference, truth maintenance, Dempster-Shafer uncertainty handling, and event-driven simulation into a distributed framework. MANDOLIN is a system that is able to diagnose and control communication networks.
The structure of MANDOLIN is driven by the requirements of large communication networks rather than the requirements of any specific network.


Vitiligo is a skin disease characterized by acquired depigmentation, which is mainly manifested as white patches on the skin, mucosa or hair, affecting patients' mental health and quality of life. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex, easy to diagnose and difficult to treat. Single target is difficult to cure or control the disease, it is necessary to intervene from different targets. The rise of network pharmacology makes it possible to find the target of vitiligo from different levels. In this paper, the pathogenesis of vitiligo was summarized from different perspectives with neuroendocrine immunity as the main line, and the potential targets of vitiligo were screened and discussed under the guidance of network pharmacology, so as to provide new ideas for the basic research and treatment of vitiligo.


In 2004, virus-like symptoms consisting of yellow rings in older leaves were observed in the foliage of
Mandevilla sanderi grown from shoots in the province of Catania (Sicily, Italy). The plants were tested for virus
presence using DAS-ELISA, mechanical inoculations to the host, RT-PCR and SSCP. Serological tests detected Cucumber
mosaic virus (CMV) in all symptomatic leaf samples. The virus was mechanically transmitted to 11 of the 15
host species tested, including some of the Chenopodiaceae and Solanaceae families; indicator plants showed symptoms
typical of CMV subgroup I. RT-PCR, SSCP and cloning were employed to characterize this CMV isolate, and to
make clear its genetic relationship with selected CMV-isolates from other countries. From this analysis, CMV-M.
sanderi appeared closely related to AY153419 (CMV-PIM-SP-BR; subgroup IA) (nucleotide identities higher than
98%) from Brazil. The virus was transmitted by sap inoculation to healthy M. sanderi plants. As far as we know this
is the first report of virus infection in M. sanderi and it then appears that this ornamental shrub is a new natural
host of CMV.


Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processes commonly lead to the formation of polycrystalline thin films due to the effects of island nucleation and growth. Scanning probe Methods such as Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) or Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) are widely used for the characterization of the film surface. The topographic data obtained from these measurements can be converted to roughness values, Power Spectral Densities (PSD's) or correlation functions. It is the objective of this paper to evaluate the possibilities to characterize the polycrystalline template which generates the film surface solely by quantities derived from topographic data. For this purpose roughness values, PSD's and correlation functions of polycrystalline Al-Films deposited on glass substrates and from simulated surfaces are compared. The main factors which influence the shape of PSD's and correlation functions are determined and possible connections between the constitution of the polycrystalline template (e. g. shape and size-distribution of the crystalline domains) and the film roughness are discussed.


Analyzing the trend of the complication and autonomy of conmmunity organizations, this paper discusses four disadvantages in the development of community, and on the basis of corresponding theories, it puts forwards some new ideas on the construction of community organizations.


INTRODUCTION The expanding therapeutic armamentarium available for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as multiple compounds in clinical development inevitably raises questions as to their impact on patient outcomes at the dawn of 2022. We must be cautious in making direct efficacy comparisons between clinical trials conducted today vs 20 years ago; patients in clinical trials now are generally more refractory to treat, with multiple prior drug exposures, longer disease duration and subject to more stringent trial endpoints. Notwithstanding the aforementioned caveats, it is a reasonable assumption that we have not observed transformational efficacy with the advent of newer agents over the last 10 years. Most advanced treatments report clinical remission rates at 1 year ranging between 30% and 50%, suggesting we may have reached a therapeutic ceiling through use of single agents. Multiple pathways drive the immunemediated inflammatory process and agents effective for luminal disease may not be effective for extraintestinal manifestations or concomitant immunemediated disease (IMID), necessitating the use of additional agents. 6 Furthermore, using cumulative surgical resection rates as a surrogate for bowel damage, some studies report that these rates are similar in the prebiological versus postbiological era. Several different inflammatory pathways orchestrate the development and progression of IBD and other IMIDs, and the existence of more than one cytokine pattern is one explanation of why we may have reached a therapeutic ceiling. The concept of targeting multiplecytokines which act on shared disease pathways among IMID is well described by the reduction of entheseal inflammation in patients with IBD and concomitant psoriatic arthritis receiving the interleukin12 and interleukin23 inhibitor ustekinumab. Furthermore, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, such as tofacitinib, targeting a wide range of cytokine hubs are effective in reducing the deregulated trafficking of immune effectors involving both the joints and the gut. With this in mind, the concept of advanced combination treatment (ACT) based on the use of at least two biological agents, or a biologic and a small molecule drug simultaneously, may be a promising strategy in patients with refractory IBD, in those patients at high risk of developing complications, or in patients with a concomitant uncontrolled IMID. This article will focus on the available literature on combination of advanced therapies and discuss current concepts, practical recommendations and future directions for patients with IBD.


The article is devoted to construction and research of dynamic stochastic model of park of aircrafts. A stochastic is enclosed in all of natural characteristic exploitations of this set of apparatuses: times of flight and landing, possibility of receipt of damage on flight, including the past recovery air apparatus; times of repair. The estimations of total possible flights are got for the any fixed interval of time.


Recent years have seen a growth in the number of works (both scientific and popular) devoted to the comprehension of technology, to its influence on contemporary life, to the analysis of the crisis of technogenic civilization, and to the search for ways to overcome it. While in the 1960s and 1970s practical work in this field was confined to the forecasting of scientific and technological development, at the turn of the twenty-first century we can already speak of the establishment of a truly new practice that includes institutions for the assessment of technology and various projects aimed at working out a new understanding of and attitude toward technology. Although the pioneer in this field, D. Efremenko writes, was the U.S., where the Office of Technology Assessment was created in 1972 under the aegis of the U.S. Congress and worked quite effectively right up to 1995 (when the Republicans closed it down for political reasons), since the 1990s the leading position in technology assessment has, undoubtedly, belonged to Germany. In 1999, there were 573 research organizations in fifteen countries of Western Europe that were engaged in technology assessment. Of these, 360 organizations were German. "It is also necessary to note that by comparison with 1991 the number of organizations for technology assessment in the Federal Republic of Germany has doubled, and the number of technology assessment projects has almost doubled. However, this tendency is


This study aims to analyze the use of Instagram as a moderating variable between Geography learning outcomes and disaster preparedness in high school level students. The study conducted in Langsa City, Aceh Province, with a sample of research from public high school's students in Langsa City. The sample selection technique is random purposive sampling. The Data analyzed by linear regression test with moderating variables using IBM SPSS 22. The results showed that the use of Instagram did not increase the impact of learning outcomes on disaster preparedness. This is evidenced by the significance value of the variable use of Instagram by 0.231 which is greater than 0.05. However, Geography learning outcomes variable has a large influence on disaster preparedness (p value = 0.00 and adjusted R2 = 0.660 = 66%). The recommendation of this study is the utilization of Instagram needs to be studied in order to help students learn more optimally in Geography subject.


The invention relates to a method and an installation for the automated production of a vacuum structure for manufacturing a composite component fibers, wherein first a plurality of layers of material is provided not made for the vacuum structure, being assembled the same by automated assembly equipment to form a structure of empty prefabricated layers, automatically confeccionandose material layers by a cutting device according prescribed geometry data.


A semi-stochastic approximation procedure is considered for the minimization of a convex mean value function F(x) = Ef(x,ω) subject to x∊D. Here Dis a closed convex subset of Rr f=f(x,ω) is a random function on Rr P D denotes the projection of Rronto Dand ρ n >0 is a step size. Furthermored n denotes either a stochastic search direction, e.g. a negative stochastic(quasi-) gradient, of Fat X n or if available a (deterministic) descent direction for Fat X n . Having already sufficient conditions for the almost sure convergence of semi-stochastic approximation procedures to an optimal solution x ∗of the basic minimization problem minimize problem minimize F(x) s.t. x∊Dthe problem is now to find estimates for the speed of convergence of this hydride procedure In the case of a fixed rate of stochastic, deterministic steps taken in (1), we find the asymptotic representation Where is the mean square error of the pure stochastic and semi-stochastic approximation procedure and(X n) respectively. MoreoversQ 1,Q 2ar...


Abstract In the cleaning field of the cosmetics industry, amino acid surfactants with low irritation and degradability have attracted more and more attention. However, in the actual application system, the amino acid type surfactant has the application difficulty that is not easy to thicken. In this study, the surface activities and application of the surfactant mixtures containing the cationic surfactant dodecyl tri-methyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) and anionic amino acid surfactant sodium lauroyl glutamate (SLG) (cationic/anionic amino acid surfactant system) were systematically studied, which will provide theoretical guidance for practical applications. First, the surface tension of the cationic/anionic amino acid surfactant system was measured, and the CMC value, interaction parameters, Gibbs free energy and other data were obtained. From this, the behavior characteristics of the adsorption and aggregation of SLG and DTAC in the solution can be judged. Then through dynamic light scattering instrument, rheometer, polarizing microscope, etc., we analyze the phase behavior of the cationic/anionic amino acid surfactant system under different compound ratios and different concentrations, and draw a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. Finally, the influence of the length of the hydrophobic chain of cationic surfactants on the phase behavior of amino acid surfactants was investigated. Experiments have found that the addition of cationic surfactant DTAC can significantly reduce the CMC value of the SLG system, and the CMC changes with the increase of the SLG ratio as follows: first decrease and then increase. The interaction parameters show that DTAC and SLG have a strong interaction. Contrary to the phenomenon of precipitation after the compounding of conventional cationic/anionic surfactants, the compounding of DTAC and SLG increases the solubility, reduces the Krafft point of SLG, and increases the application performance. At the same time, the problem of difficult control of the viscosity of the amino acid surfactant system has also been better solved. DTAC and SLG form a worm-like mixed micelle, which has a higher and controllable viscosity. Finally, it was found that changing the hydrophobic chain length of cationic surfactants has a direct effect on the viscosity of the system. Graphical Abstract


The scent consultant and artist Sissel Tolaas once collected sweat samples from men subject to anxiety attacks and encapsulated them in a special paint that she applied to the walls of an MIT gallery for her 2006 installation, The Fear of Smell and the Smell of Fear...


Dental curriculum in India needs to focus on clinical training of the students in workplace. With the rise of outcome-based education, competency-oriented systematic training with a multidimensional evaluation happens to be the need of the hour. The institutions and regulatory bodies should shift the focus of examination-oriented preparation of students to clinical-oriented training and evaluation.[1] Dr. RM Harden way back in 1984 has identified the strategies to impart training in workplace and equip the students with necessary skills to be a good decision maker and an effective clinician.[2] He has differentiated traditional approach to his approach by recommending a necessary shift needed from teacher centeredness to student centeredness, discipline based to integrated, information gathering to problem-solving, hospital based to community based, standard to elective, and opportunistic to systematic. In the literature, we see lot of deliberations on such strategies.[3-6] However, in the Indian scenario, we find that traditional system of education is still in practice. Owing to the economic situation, students may not have an exposure of rendering a better treatment plan which may be expensive. The student may choose a compromised plan with the limitations. Some institutions have implemented comprehensive clinical training of students. SPICES guidelines as proposed by Dr. RM Harden was used in the construction of curriculum for dental interns in an institution in India to evaluate the outcomes by the primary investigator. The time of intervention was from the year 2017 to 2018 for the regular and supplementary batches. O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E


 ABSTRACT APC solution is designed to coexist in parallel with existing systems, such as MES, ERP as well as DCS, complementing them. Moreover, without the presence of a properly functioning of DCS, it is premature to talk about the transition to APC. APC solutions integrate with existing distributed control systems (DCS) for optimal plant control. The idea of the model is to build a mathematical representation of the controlled process and integrate this model in the control loop in real time mode. It is worth saying that in addition to mathematical models, which are the "calling card" of the solutions offered on the APC market, APC also uses other methods of modern automation. One example of the effective using of APC in process is stabilization problems, which can be solved using the classic PID control, but by using a modern APC solution, the problem can be solved more efficiently, for example, by not just stabilizing the process, but stabilizing it in a technologically feasible and at the same time the most cost-effective state of equilibrium. This process is called "stock removal by


This article addresses the question whether companies from emerging economies create shareholder value through foreign acquisitions. The popular business press usually views these foreign acquisitions very positively. The stock markets have often reacted negatively to the acquisitions. The management always claims that the acquisition is in the long term strategic interests of the firm. This article attempts to shed light on these conflicting positions: short term versus long term, and financial versus strategic logic. Using a mix of stock market reaction for a small sample and three in-depth case studies, I conclude that large foreign acquisitions from India have not created shareholder value. The causes of this under-performance are: too little integration, agency problems, and easy capital. Finally, I use a case study to illustrate a successful approach to foreign acquisitions: significant synergies, reasonable price, and deep integration.


Aim  The flowering plant family Proteaceae is putatively of Gondwanan age, with modern and fossil lineages found on all southern continents. Here we test whether the present distribution of Proteaceae can be explained by vicariance caused by the break‐up of Gondwana.


Women's access to, use of and control over land and other productive resources are essential to ensuring their right to equality and to an adequate standard of living. In this paper, I argue that the improvement of women's right to own land definitely translates into the economic well being and empowerment of women. I further critically examine this right under the current Ugandan legal regime and the evidence of this right's neglect by the authorities. Finally measures that can be taken to address this situation are discussed.


(57) ABSTRACT Method for encoding and decoding a picture signal for detecting and correcting errors in a new structured GOB according to a data partition technique, method for encoding a picture signal, including the steps of (1) grouping picture information of one block group into respective information regions of each block, and partitioning to relevant regions, and (2) forming a partition table having length information of the partitioned regions of the grouped respective infor mation regions.


Introduction : The traditional model of nuclear family has been through a changing process into the society causing impact at the routine of Brazilian families in different ways of arrangements or family models. Objective: The aim of this research was to detect and characterize models and arrangements of families of people with cleft lip and palate assisted by a teaching hospital. Patients and Methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using a structured interview, besides the documental search. T e sample was composed of 353 subjects with ages ranging from three to 1 1 years, among a universe of 2,823 cases from all regions of Brazil. Results: Regarding family models and arrangements, the nuclear family was predominant (63.5%), followed by the reconstituted family (13.9%), extended family (13.6%), and single-parent family (9.1%). This shows the diversity in the process of restructuring and inclusion of new values in society . The impact of cleft lip and palate collaborated with the occurrence of changes in family dynamics (65.4%). However , it was not the only factor , since there was the influence of other factors (59.2%) resulting from social, cultural and economic phenomena that affect the lifestyle. The social work support was evidenced both in family dynamics (26.3%) and in the process of rehabilitation (98.6%). Conclusion: The family has an important role in the process of rehabilitation. The work related to the family is one of the main demands of the social worker practice, and it is known as essential to the interdisciplinary team. Descriptors: Family Characteristics; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Social Work. Pós-doutora em Serviço Social pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo-PUC Assistente Social, Especialista em Serviço Social na Área da Saúde e Reabilitação pelo Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo-HRAC


Program plagiarism is one of the most significant problems in Computer Science education. Most common plagiarism includes modifying comments, reordering statements, and changing variable names. Such simple changes, however, require excessive string comparisons. This paper presents a lightweight program similarity detection model. Unlike other detection models, our model avoids globally involved string comparisons. String matching is only involved locally when comparing control sequences. To this end we use XML and Levenshtein distance algorithm. The XML's tree-like representation reduces intensive string comparisons for the simple modifications. Levenshtein distance algorithm makes our model reliable for logic changes. Our approach is based on the XPDec model and is capable of distinguishing a flat structure from a nested structure of control sequences. Such improvement will lead to simple and reliable implementation of program similarity detection systems.


The most important function of road markings is to guide road users; therefore, their visibility, in relation to retroreflectivity (RL), plays an essential role in the markings' performance at nighttime. Researchers have applied field experiments to determine the minimum acceptable levels of markings' RL. However, field studies usually involve a large investment of time, personnel, space, and budget. This paper presents a preliminary study that adopted virtual reality (VR) techniques to establish an immersive driving environment for the RL analysis of yellow markings. The objective is to evaluate the minimum required marking visibility for road users, especially senior drivers, while driving at nighttime. The brightness feature created in the VR model does not simulate the optical behavior of markings' glass beads, but it simulates the marking's visibility in relation to detection distance at each test drive. This is an alternative method to correlate the field RL and the VR simulation model through the equivalent detection distances that were recorded by the observers who participated in both field and VR driving tests. The relationship between the field markings' RL, 80 to 130 mcd/m2/lx, and simulated markings' brightness was successfully established with its limitations of RL between 80 and 130 mcd/m2/lx. Three age clusters are involved in this study, namely 20–30, 40–50, and 60+ years old, with 30 people in each cluster. The simulation study found that the driver's behavior in relation to reaction time is highly related to age cluster but not driving speed or RL. The average reaction times for the three age clusters are 0.438 s, 0.499 s, and 0.522 s, respectively. However, the perception reaction time 2.5 s was considered while calculating the required RL for markings. Results found that the minimum required yellow markings' RL increases with driving speed, and it requires 80 mcd/m2/lx for 50 km/h and 130 mcd/m2/lx for 65 km/h to satisfy the 85 percentiles of the driving population in Taiwan.


Bobkingite, ideally Cu 2+ 5 Cl2(OH)8(H2O)2, is a new mineral from the New Cliffe Hill Quarry, Stantonunder-Bardon, Leicestershire, England. It occurs as very thin ( 45 mm) transparent plates up to 0.2 mm across, perched on a compact fibrous crust of malachite and crystalline azurite attached to massive cuprite. Crystals are tabular on {001} with dominant {001} and minor {100} and {110}. Bobkingite is a soft pale blue colour with a pale-blue streak, vitreous lustre and no observable fluorescence under ultraviolet light. It has perfect {001} and fair {100} cleavages, no observable parting, conchoidal fracture, and is brittle. Its Mohs' hardness is 3 and the calculated density is 3.254 g/cm 3 . Bobkingite is biaxial negative with a = 1.724(2), b = 1.745(2), g = 1.750(2), 2V gmeas = 33(6)8, 2Vcalc = 528, pleochroism distinct, X = very pale blue, Z = pale greenish blue, X^a = 228 (in b obtuse), Y = c, Z = b. Bobkingite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, unit-cell parameters (refined from powder data): a = 10.301(8), b = 6.758(3), c = 8.835(7) AE , b = 111.53(6)8, V = 572.1(7) AE 3 , Z = 2. The seven strongest lines in the X-ray


The number of options owners of intellectual property confront in how best to exploit the inherent value of an innovation has expanded. New strategies for exploitation have developed in response to the greater fragmentation and overlap of the property rights needed to successfully commercialize new innovations. Although acting independently (go it alone) remains an option and can be enhanced with stealth, collaboration strategies are becoming the norm. The success of a selected collaborative strategy depends largely on a firm achieving or gaining the necessary freedoms to exploit its IP. This chapter reviews the different strategic options and develops a decision framework that can be used to help determine the conditions under which different collaborative strategies are optimal in dealing with fragmented property rights. It concludes by discussing the implications for management practice and research.


A b s t r a c tAn idea of using 1:1 comparison for 10:1 and 1:10 impedance transfer is described in the paper. Results of measurements performed for 10:1 transfer of inductance are discussed. The results achieved prove that using 1:1 comparator bridge and applying proposed procedure is possible to transfer unit to the objects of 10 times smaller values with relative uncertainty only a little higher than uncertainty estimated for 1:1 comparison.


Purpose: To investigate intraocular pressure (IOP) changes due to different serum level heights by using Tonopen in acquired globes from the Iran Eye Bank (IEB). Methods: In this interventional prospective case series, serum were infused into 18 normal globes acquired from IEB by using 21G needle inserted in vitreal space through optic nerve head to change the IOP by different fluid level heights from the globe surface. IOP of globes were measured and recorded by Tonopen over the sclera and over the cornea at different serum level


Significant associations between human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐A and ‐B alleles and CD8+ T‐lymphocyte numbers have been reported in the literature in both healthy populations and in HFE‐haemochromatosis patients. In order to address whether HLA alleles themselves or alleles at linked genes are responsible for these associations, several genetic markers at the MHC class I region were typed on a population of 147 apparently healthy unrelated subjects phenotypically characterized for their CD8+ and CD4+ T‐lymphocyte numbers. By using a machine learning approach, a set of rules was generated that predict the number of CD8+ T‐lymphocyte numbers on the basis of the information of the D6S105 microsatellite alleles only. We demonstrate that the previously reported associations with HLA‐A and ‐B alleles are due to the presence of common long (up to 4 megabases long) haplotypes that increased in frequency recently due to positive selection and that encompass a region where a putative gene contributing to the setting of CD8+ T lymphocytes is located, in the neighbourhood of microsatellite locus D6S105, in the 6p21.3 region.


Fossvhi. P. 1986. T h e duration of the first two yolk sac stages in herring (Clupea trare~zgus I,.) larvae. FiskDir. Skr. Set-. HauUnders., 18: 77-82. Artifically fertilized and naturally spawned herring eggs from the local herring stock in Lit~dispollene, north of Bergen, Norway, were hatched at 9°C in 1978 and at 6°C in 1979. T h e purpose was to calculate the duration of the first two yolk sac substages. All thc larvae hatched in 1978 were in substage l a (DOYI.E 1977). I11 1979, hocve\;er, 73% ancl 27% of the hatched larvae were in substages l a and Ib, respectively. The duration of substage l a is alIiectecl both by the amount of yolk present at hatching and by the temperature. The duration of substage l a was 1 day in 1978 and 1.2 days in 1979. The duration of substage l h is only affected by the temperature and was 1.2 days in 1978 and 3.3 days in 1979. Genetic differences between the Lindss herring and the Clyde herring may account for the difercnt durations of the first two yolk sac substages. This experiment demonstrates the importance of hatching experiments in connection with spawning stock abundance investiaations.