Due to their prominent role in the production of electromotive force, three-phase induction motors are found in a wide variety of industrial applications. However, these motors are subject to a range of defects which can hinder them from functioning properly. Accordingly, this paper proposes the use of an artificial neural network method to detect and classify bearing faults in three-phase induction motors which are connected directly to the power grid. After embedding the proposed method in a digital signal processor, laboratory tests were conducted on the motors by employing practical conditions of unbalanced supply voltages and applying a wide range of load torque to the shaft. Analysis were performed in the time domain, based on acquiring the voltage and current amplitudes in the motor supply and by using a half-cycle of the voltage grid. For further validation of the proposed embedded system, field tests were conducted on factory where motors are used in the sugarcane ethanol industry.


The electronic energy levels of benzene below 7 eV have been investigated in an electron impact experiment. Vibrational structure has been resolved for the first three singlet–triplet transitions and the second triplet state has been separated from the overlapping first singlet state. Energies of the vibrational bands of the observed singlet–triplet transitions are (strongest band underlined) S0→T1, 3.67, 3.79, 3.89, 3.98 eV; S0→T2, 4.63, 4.73, 4.85, 4.95 eV; S0→T3, 5.58, 5.69, 5.81 eV. The previous result of Lassettre et al. [E. N. Lassettre, A. Skerbele, M. Dillon, and K. Ross, J. Chem. Phys. 48, 5066 (1968)] which suggested that two electronic states are involved in the 6.2 eV region scattering has been confirmed. These results together with ultraviolet absorption data allow the construction of a rather detailed energy level diagram for benzene up to 7 eV.


Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (POSSUM) for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer and to analyze whether POSSUM can predict the long-term outcome in these patients. Such a scoring system could be useful to aid in the decision between surgical and endoscopic palliation. Methods: Between January 1993 and December 2004, 241 patients were found to have unresectable pancreatic cancer during exploratory laparotomy and underwent a double bypass procedure consisting of a gastrojejunostomy and a hepaticojejunostomy. Results: Overall, 64 of 240 patients (27%) had one or more complications after bypass surgery and 4 patients (2%) died. POSSUM predicted morbidity in 114 patients (47%). The observed:predicted (O:P) ratio for morbidity was 0.56 and the model had a significant lack of fit (p < 0.001) using a goodness-of-fit analysis. The overall median survival was 7 months. The POSSUM scoring system was, however, an independent predictor of survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Overall, POSSUM overpredicted morbidity but was an independent predictor of survival.


In this paper, we demonstrate that trace amounts of P addition can activate the sintering of carbonyl powder and influence the magnetic properties of the sintered materials. Fe-x P (x = 0, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6 wt.%) samples were fabricated by doping carbonyl powder with different amounts of Fe3P. They were sintered at 1000 °C in argon for 2 h. The sintering of the Fe-0 wt.% P sample was interrupted by the ferrite-austenite transformation at 912 °C due to the low diffusion rate of the austenite. The addition of P can stabilize the ferrite, and suppress the ferrite-austenite transformation. Therefore, all the P-containing samples shrank continuously throughout the whole sintering process, which showed improved sintering densities compared to the P-free sample. However, the sintering density did not increase monotonously with increasing P content. The Fe-1.4 wt.% P and Fe-1.6wt.% P samples easily got oxidized during sintering, and the densification process was thus influenced by the P-containing oxide particles. As a result, the Fe-1.2 wt.% P sample exhibited the highest sintering density (7.664 g/cm3) and the best magnetic properties (coercive force 172 A/m).


1: Introduction. 2: Linear Programming. 3: Single-Variable Optimization Techniques. 4: Unconstrained Multivariable Optimization. 5: Constrained Optimization. 6: Monotonicity Analysis and Johnson's Method. 7: Probabilistic Design Optimization. 8: Further Topics in Optimization.


A composite adaptive model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed to mitigate model mismatches due to parameter uncertainties and disturbances in controller designs for DC-DC boost converters. First, a model-based feedforward compensator based on a cascade proportional-integral (PI) MPC controller was developed as a current reference to improve the dynamic response performance. Then, an observer was employed to construct an accurate model and thereby avoid overcompensation and poor prediction due to model mismatch. Finally, a finite control set MPC was implemented to select a suitable switching state with which to realise output voltage regulation. Compared with a traditional PI MPC, the proposed controller has a rapid dynamic response, and compared with an unknown offset free MPC, the proposed controller is well suited to a simplified model. The proposed methods and benefits were validated by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by experiments on an NI Compact RIO rapid control prototype test bench.


Six new species of Endogonaceae are described, Acaulospora appendicula, A. longula, A. mellea, A. morrowae, Glomus manihotis, and Entrophospora colombiana. Acaulospora ap? pendicula is an unusual species that forms chlamydospores and thin-walled accessory cells similar to those formed by species in the genus Glomus. In addition, observations on the occurrence of Acaulospora foveata in Colombia and some characteristics of this fungus not included in the original description are presented. A dichotomous key to all described species of Acaulospora is presented.


The aim of the study was to compare the shear bond strength of porcelain to three commercially available cobalt-chromium alloys. There were studies evaluating shear bond strength between porcelain and nickel chromium alloys and hence this study was conducted to evaluate shear bond between cobalt-chromium alloys. Our objective is to evaluate the pattern of bonding of porcelain to cobalt-chromium alloys and also to compare the shear bond strength of porcelain with cobalt-chromium alloys. A total of 30 samples, each 10 samples of Castco, Wironit, and Girobond NBS cobalt-chromium alloy were subjected to porcelain (Vita V60 i-Line) firing. After the porcelain firing, all the samples were then tested for the shear bond strength by using the Instron (Universal testing machine). After testing the samples, the data were tabulated and analysed using one way ANOVA test (p<0.05) using the SPSS software. The mean shear bond strength of Wironit alloy on porcelain when evaluated was 9.9 with standard deviation of 1.92. The mean shear bond strength of Castco alloy on porcelain was 11.9 with standard deviation of 3.5. The mean shear bond strength of Girobond NBS alloy on porcelain was 9.9 with standard deviation of 3.1. From the above results, it was concluded that the Castco alloy achieved significantly higher bond strength compared to the other two. Given the sample size, we conclude that Castco has superior bond strength over Wironit and Girobond NBS. In future, research relating to the tensile and compressive bond strength between porcelain and cobalt-chromium alloy can be considered.


This paper aimed to evaluate the method of making rational decision derived from the philosophy of Kant as a foundation paradigma of public decisions and, more specifically, of legal decisions. Based on the communicative action theory of Jurgen Habermas, the question is  if  the  transcendental  model  of  decision-making  meets  the  democratic  demands. Methodologically, the qualitative research was based on doctrinal sources about the theme, promoting a legal and critical analysis. Habermas' communicative bias raises the hypothesis that Kant's transcendental method, which influenced so much the theory of justice and Law, entails the adoption of an objective posture by the decision maker, something incompatible with the need for broad participation and the intersubjectivity prescribed by democracy . It was concluded that the public decision-making process must overcome the transcendental, decisionistic  and  instrumental  models,  adopting  pragmatic  model,  which  is  more intersubjective and communicative, therefore more consistente with the participatory bias of democracy.


Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are of fundamental importance for the human body, and the knowledge of their existence can facilitate very important tasks like drug target developing and therapy design. The high-throughput experiments for detecting new PPIs are costly and time-consuming, stressing the need for new computational systems able to generate high-quality PPIs predictions. These systems have to face two main problems: the high incompleteness of the human interactome and the lack of high-quality negative protein-protein interactions (i.e. proteins that are known to not interact). The latter is usually overlooked by the PPIs prediction systems, causing a significant bias in the performances and metrics. In this work, we compare methods for simulating negative knowledge using highly reliable training and test sets. Moreover, we measure the performances of two state-of-the-art systems when very reliable settings are adopted.


The invention discloses a system and a method for utilizing low-temperature flue gas afterheat of an electrolytic bath. The system mainly comprises a heating system, a cooling system, a dust collecting device and a fume extractor, and utilizes energy cascade utilization, low-temperature afterheat recovery and a heat exchanger to absorb heat by classification from low-grade flue gas for cooling, heating and heat using of technological process. The method includes the following steps: when the low-temperature flue gas afterheat of the electrolytic bath passes through the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is used for absorbing the heat in the flue gas, and converting the absorbed heat into liquid or steam to utilize, the dust collecting device is used for collecting dust in the flue gas after heat release and temperature reduction, and then the flue gas after dust collection is exhausted by the fume extractor. The invention solves the problem of utilization of the low-temperature flue gas afterheat of the electrolytic bath, realizes continuous supply of cooling and heating, can improve the dust collecting system efficiency of the electrolytic bath, save energy, lower consumption, reduce pollutants discharge, expand utilization ways of afterheat and reduce the production cost of enterprises, and has remarkable economic, environmental and social benefits.


Is it possible to read metatheatre? If so, to what extent was metatheatre part of the playreading experience in early modern England? Focusing on "paratexts" to a range of plays printed in England in the early seventeenth century, from printed character lists to manuscript marginalia, this article investigates implied and actual readers' responses to the self-reflexive qualities of playbooks, whether or not those qualities are intentional. In doing so, it argues that early modern printed playbooks prompted "performative" reading practices through which readers actively reflected on the relationship between the realand play-worlds, and enacted their own roles in the production of metatheatre. While Stephen Purcell proposes in this special issue that metatheatre is a "game ... that can be played only in [theatrical] performance" (19), I contend that certain forms of metatheatre are accessible through—and sometimes even dependent on—the interplay between different agents of meaning-making (dramatists, stationers and readers) on the "paper stage" of the printed book. Such an approach offers a new methodological framework and uncovers a neglected body of evidence for the analysis of metatheatre in early modern drama, including character and errata lists, printing errors in Shakespeare's First Folio, and readers' marks. Metatheatre, I suggest, needs to be re-assessed from the perspective of book history as well as theater history, and especially intersections between the two. Early modern metatheatre was largely experienced through the conspicuous mixing of media, manifestations of the theatricality of the book and the bookishness of theater.


In order to explore the influence factors of permeability during heap leaching of Yangla copper ore in China, falling head permeability test was applied to draw a comparison between the permeability of various samples, and then permeability evolutionary law of the sample ore from leaching heap was analyzed under different ore size or compaction degree. Finally, acid leaching experiments was carried out to reveal the influential mechanism of heap blockage on its permeability. The data show that the permeability coefficient of washed ore is 12.7 times than that of raw ore; permeability coefficient with the compaction degree 38.3% is only 3.78% of that in natural state; Chemical blockage brings about a fall of permeability coefficient by 93.5%, and earlier physical blockage leads to the decrease of it by 43.2%. Results show that much argillaceous fine particles in ore heap with high mud content can result in decreased permeability coefficient; and permeability coefficient of the samples decreases significantly with increased compaction degree. In addition, chemical blockage is the main reason for penetration deterioration.


This paper presents very recent results of an experimental programaimed at disclosing the loading rate effect on the fracture behavior of a highstrength concrete. Twenty notched beams were tested using a hydraulic servocontrolledtesting machine at five loading rates spanning six orders of magnitudein the loading point displacement rate (loading rate), from 1.74


Considering the 14th Triennial Congress of the IEA theme: "Ergonomics for the New Millennium", we explore the emergence of powerful microprocessors with the potential to be used anyone regardless of age, gender, location, nationality, or time considerations. This paper explores sensory evaluation methods using an experimental Portable Information Terminal (PIT) platform to meet the requirements of medical doctors in hospitals. We use various aspects of multimedia access to evaluate user need to employ the PIT.


The article compares the studies of phonological oppositions, specifies the conditions of occurrence of opposite relationship between phonemes, and identifies and systematizes formal signs of phonological oppositions. The study confirms the existence of lacunar oppositions and offers a method of their identification. Phonological oppositions are classified in terms of ways to neutralize them. The distinction between phonological and phonosemantic oppositions is made.


Functional grammar pays much attention to discourse analysis,among which lexical cohesion plays an important role.Researches concerned mainly focused on the relations between the two items within the same domain,such as synonymy,antonym,hyponymy,and collocation,while paying little attention to the lexical cohesion in larger text,where there are more than two items lying in different domains.The cognitive-oriented linguistics takes the way of human's thinking as metaphorical.It means that metaphor is empirical.It is a partial mapping from the source domain to the target domain,by which,the concept in the target domain can be cognized and understood.Summing up,the introduction of metaphorical concept to the cohesion theory can reinforce the interpretation of the phenomena and the mechanism of lexical cohesion in different domains occurring in larger text.


To study effect of β amyloid protein(βAP, 4 μg in 1 μL, injected into each side of hippocampus at d 28) on learning and memory in the aging rats induced by D galactose(D Gal, ip, 50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 , for 42 d). The behaviors of rats were measured by using open field, Y maze and one trial passive avoidance response, and the lipofuscin content in cerebral cortex were measured by spectrofluoro photometer. The results showed that D Gal and βAP alone significantly decreased the spontaneous activities and responses to novel environment in the open field, and remarkably attenuated the abilities of learning memory, increased the lipofuscin content in cerebral cortex. The combination of D Gal and βAP enhanced the above mentioned effects, which suggests that they are cooperative in impairing learning and memory.


In situ straining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments were performed to study the propagation of the shear bands in the Zr_56.3Ti_13.8Cu_6.9Ni_5.6Nb_5.0Be_12.5 bulk metallic glass based composite. Contrast in TEM images produced by shear bands in metallic glass and quantitative parameters of the shear bands were analyzed. It was determined that, at a large amount of shear in the glass, the localization of deformation occurs in the crystalline phase, where formation of dislocations within the narrow bands are observed.


ABSTRACT This essay discusses how diagrammatic modes of representation are a distinct subset of images that coevolved with the scientific project to visually embody key ideals from the philosophy of science. In making diagrammatic art, artists have found various means to appropriate, exaggerate and subvert this set of characteristics unique to the diagram as part of their processes of creation and production. This is in an approach that I refer to as Romantic Objectivism. As a practicing artist with a background in biomedicine, my drawing and sculptural praxes are presented as an ongoing project to develop a visual poetics of science beyond its purely factual and functional modes, in the spirit of the Romantic-period German scientist, philosopher and poet Novalis, and his recently rediscovered, unfinished project, the Romantic Encyclopedia.


The forms differentiated within the genus Peromyscus may roughly be classified according to degree of distinction as local races, subspecies or geographic races, species, species groups, and subgenera. Different subgenera and different species groups, so far as they have been tested in this genus, are completely intersterile. Within the truei species group two included species are partially intersterile. In two other Peromyscus species groups the included species are potentially interfertile, but in nature are separated partly by geographical and partly by psychological (sexual) barriers, so that no interbreeding occurs. Within any given species of Peromyscus all the subspecies, so far as they have been tested, are potentially interfertile, but in nature some adjacent subspecies are separated by geographical, by ecological or by sexual barriers. Sexual isolation seems in this genus to be of especial importance in speciation.


Concrete civil infrastructure often suffers severe damage to its internal structure due to insufficient durability in high and cold complex environments, affecting the service life of the infrastructure. Therefore, a novel method based on nanofillers for self-healing concrete is proposed to optimize the durability mix proportion of high-performance concrete in complex high and cold environments, which improves the strength recovery rate of concrete. Moreover, a concrete durability prediction model based on particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM) and improved NSGA-II (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II) algorithm was proposed to quickly and accurately determine the optimization scheme of self-healing concrete mix proportion. First, the model employs PSO-LSSVM to achieve highly accurate predictions of relative dynamic elastic modulus and chloride ion permeability coefficient, which are key indicators of the concrete durability. Subsequently, the predicted regression functions for concrete durability are utilized as fitness functions, and the improved NSGA-II algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal mix ratio for durable concrete. Finally, the Pareto frontier solution set is processed using the ideal point method selection approach to determine the optimal concrete mix ratio scheme. To assess the self-healing ability of the proposed concrete, a concrete durability test study is conducted. Experimental research shows that the durability of the proposed self-healing concrete has been significantly improved. The optimized PSO-LSSVM model demonstrates excellent generalization capability. The coefficient of determination between the predicted and actual values in the test dataset is 0.9357, and the root-mean-square error is 0.10267. Building upon this, the enhanced concrete durability prediction model based on the NSGA-II algorithm proves to be highly effective in predicting the optimal concrete mix proportion scheme. The predicted values of chloride ion permeability coefficient and relative dynamic elastic modulus of the proposed model differ from the actual experimental values by 1.29% and 0.59%, significantly better than the other prediction models.


Detecting plagiarism in programming classes is a laborious task for instructors. Many methods have been proposed to reduce the physical strain on them, most of which measure algorithmic or structural similarity between a pair of source codes and are accurate in finding similar source codes. However, two important issues are yet to be discussed. Firstly, the similarity is not always caused by plagiarism; it could be caused by coincidence. Secondly, instructors might feel the burden of asking students if they have plagiarized someone's source code, and students might feel the burden of being asked. In this paper, we introduce our novel index for source code plagiarism detection, which can be utilized to check the cause of the similarity outputted from existing methods, report the result of questionnaire investigation with 89 freshmen in our junior college, and discuss the possibility of reducing psychological burdens in source code plagiarism detection with our method.


Objective: The aim of study is to investigate the relationship between neuropeptide Y (NPY) and insulin resistance which is important in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between May 2012 and May 2013. The study included 45 patients with PCOS and 44 healthy controls at productive age. Insulin, fasting blood sugar, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testestorone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), cortisol, estradiol, and NPY levels were measured at early follicular phase in patients with PCOS, while, insulin, fasting blood sugar, prolactin, DHEA-S, TSH, cortisol, and 17-OH progesterone levels were measured in control group. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were calculated and antrepometric measures were recorded. Pelvic ultrasonography was performed. Results: Fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR scores showed insulin resistance to be higher in obese patients with PCOS when compared with healthy controls and patients with normal weight PCOS. NPY levels were found to be higher in obese-overweight patients with PCOS than the values observed in healthy controls and in patients with normal weight but they were not statistically significant (P>0.05). NPY levels did not differ in patients with and without insulin resistance. Conclusion: No correlation was dedected between insulin resistance and NPY levels but NPY levels were higher in overweight PCOS patients.


Throughout the pandemic and in conditions of 'lockdown', in which the authors could not meet in person, Alexandra Antonopoulou and Eleanor Dare adapted their long-term collaborative writing project, The Phi Books (2008–), to the constraints of pandemic quarantine, in the second lockdown deploying their own chatbot and AI image generator as new collaborators. Given the complexity of such a mediated experience, in which fears around surveillance, corporate control, glitch and signal loss (not to mention illness) have been consistently present, how might we theorize the encounters and complex processes of mediation we experienced online, as writers and academics but also as friends? What, if anything, have we learnt from our collaboration being mediated by one or two corporate platforms? This article elucidates the author's patterns of interpretation and resistance as mediatized and informed by embodied experiences. It also discusses the role of third-party agents, which the authors term 'Coagulagents' (coagulant and agents), serving to destabilize or deterritorialize the familiar presumptions of their work.


In this paper, an endfire circularly polarized (CP) antenna is proposed and designed based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons coupled-line. Spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) structures located on two orthogonal substrates serve as both a coupled line and a radiator. This structure provides phase quadrature and polarization orthogonality required by the circular polarization. The simulated axial ratio is stable below 3 dB and the return loss is over 15 dB from 8.8 to 9.6 GHz. Peak gain is 8.14 dBic at 9 GHz. This structure can be fed by only one coaxial connector which greatly reduces the design complexity and the space occupation of the feeding structure. This is significant especially in the circularly polarized array design.


: This study tries to find out the factors that influence the changes of students" writing ability. Several factors can affect students" academic writing. It can come from culture, education, social aspects, and cognitive aspects. Those factors are too broad to be discussed in this study. Finally, the author tries to describe the factors that are just related to the teaching process. They are materials, media, classroom activities, classroom management, teaching strategy, and teacher"s approach. This is a descriptive qualitative study where the data for the research were collected through interview to students. The indicator of interview questions was based on the factors that may influence teaching and learning process. The result of study shows that the factors that influenced the change of students" writing ability involved materials, media, teacher"s approach, amount of practice, and students" interaction.


This paper develops a spatial platform for economic agglomerations that can represent a hierarchical structure of cities, towns, and so on. A global system models geographical distribution of a system of cities, while population size and local geography of each city are modeled by an individual square lattice network. The mechanism of economic agglomeration is described by economic geography models with the replicator dynamics. As a major theoretical contribution of this paper, we elucidate the bifurcation mechanism of the mono-centric distribution in a square domain. Such bifurcation expresses how satellite places appear around a large city. This bifurcation behavior, called sustaining bifurcation, is different from symmetry-breaking bifurcation studied in nonlinear mathematics, and is not given much attention in economic geography, despite its importance. An air-network of cities with the seven largest hub airports in USA is employed as a realistic example, and is modeled as a global–local system comprising a series of local square lattices with different sizes connected by an equidistant economy. This system for an economic geography model displays successive sustaining bifurcations occurring many times leading to gradual emergence of satellite places around a large city.


2-Carboxyanilineazo salt and 2 hydroxyanilineazo salt were synthesized,and new azo reagent 4 (2 carboxyanilineazo) pyrogallol and 4 (2 hydroxyanilineazo) pyrogallol were synthesized through coupled reaction of 2 carboxyanilineazo salt and 2 hydroxyanilineazo salt with pyrogallol.IR,UV and fluorescence spectrum of the two azo pyrogallol reagents were studied.


The authors apply recently proposed persistence change tests to inbound tourism series in order to evaluate whether their properties have changed over time. By using quarterly series of the number of overnight stays in hotel accommodation and similar establishments in the Algarve, from 1987:01 to 2008:03, they gathered evidence of persistence change in all series. In particular, a change from I(1) to I(0) was detected for some countries, while for others the direction change was not clear-cut. These results have implications from a policy perspective and shed light on the generally accepted conviction that policy decision processes should not ignore the fact that, in general, tourism inbound series display mean reverting behaviour, being only temporarily affected by external shocks.


lexicon and extended notes are particularly valuable. It now remains for the social and cultural significance of this work to be compared with that of a rapidly increasing number of similar manuscripts that have recently come to the attention of scholars in many lands. The popular literature in Fulfulde, by contrast, is concerned with more mundane events, although principles of conduct are frequently espoused either overtly or covertly. The content and style of the Camerounian riddles differ little from those known among the Ful6e elsewhere in the Sudan. Dialectical differences between Garoua and Maroua are apparent, as are other linguistic changes and cross-language borrowings, which Lacroix has extensively documented elsewhere. The authors' introductory essay discusses differences in child and adult speech, but the process by which language changes with maturation is not of central concern to them. They assert that riddles have ethnographic value in that they determine or reflect the psychological attitudes of the speakers towards themselves, others, and the non-social milieu. Unfortunately, however, this provocative suggestion is only slightly documented. Those who may venture into the area of socio-linguistics, ethno-linguistics, and binary oppositions will be grateful for the initiative which has made both these collections of valuable texts easily available. CH. FRANTZ


The altering of man's surroundings has occurred since the dawn of civilization. Those assuming the responsibilities for executing such changes have invited the confidence and expectations of the public. This invitation has been nurtured by those furnishing the services by evolving an aura of professionalism, which has included the expectation of reliable results. In the last few years such expectations have often not been satisfactory to the society in which it operates. This has thus led to loss of confidence in the profession. Future professional practice will not be the same now unless results are improved, rapidly changing technological effects are recognized and addressed, young engineers are convinced of the role and importance of professionalism, and society is satisfied with the results.


Flowability of Bulk Solids – Definition and Measuring Principles. The flowability of bulk solids has to be known for many practical applications. The present paper describes how the flowability is defined and on which physical properties it depends. Experimental determination of the flowability using a shear test is demonstrated. Conditions influencing measuremed results are described. Finally an overview of various methods used for characterization of the flowability of bulk solids is given.


Limb pain is very often reason for consulting a physician. Inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases have to be distinguished. The arthritis may play the central role in inflammatory joint diseases. The arthritis may also mimick underlying systemic inflammatory disorders. Non inflammatory causes of limb pain in children and adolescents are more frequent. "Growing pains" should be recognized. Although many causes of limb pain are no emergency, it is necessary to exclude infectious diseases and malignomeas, which require immediate intervention. A tertiary care center should be responsible for treatment and observation of children and adolescents with chronic diseases of the limbs.


The present study aims to evaluate the APSIM-Maize model performance to use it as a decision-making tool to help improve production rates, reduce production costs and assess the potential impacts of climate change on crop yields in the Northeast of Brazil. The crop, soil and weather data used in the simulations were obtained from field experiments carried out in maize crops in 2008 and 2011 in two different edaphoclimatic regions in Alagoas State, Northeast Brazil. The approach we used explored the ability of APSIM to simulate growth variables and soil water dynamics of a maize variety (AL Bandeirante). During parametrization, we made some adjustments regarding the variety and soil organic matter to attain a better representation of the growth and soil water dynamics, respectively. The APSIM-Maize model predicted the leaf area index with a RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) ranging between 0.14 and 1.06 cm2 cm-2 and the biomass production with an RMSE between 2.30 and 3.34 Mg ha-1. The volumetric soil water content was satisfactorily predicted with RMSE ranging between 0.02 and 0.08 mm mm-1. Results showed that this model is a useful tool for decision-making, which can be potentially used as a support in climate risk management and policies, aiming to improve regional production, provided it has been previously validated with independent datasets.


Context aware environment u-health service is to provide health service with recognition of a computer. The computer recognizes that a patient can contact real life in many context. Context aware environment service for recommend have to definition of context data and service recommendations related to factors shall be identified. In this paper, Context aware environment of u-health service will be provide context data related to identifies recommendations factors using multivariate analysis method and recommendations factors creation to decision tree, association rule based decision model. health service recommend for significantly context data can be distinguish through recommendation factors of identify. Also, context data of patient can know preference factors through preference decision model.


This study aims to determine the effect of roast time on the organoleptic characteristics of nutmeg tea. The experimental design carried out in this study was a randomized block design (RBD), which is arranged in a factorial consisting of 2 factors with three replications. The factor used was the roast time (S), which consisted of 4 levels, namely S1 (20 minutes), S2 (25 minutes), S3 (30 minutes), S4 (35 minutes), and part of the nutmeg (P) which consisted of 2 levels, namely P1 (fruit skin) and P2 (pulp) to obtain 24 experimental units. The response variables analyzed included organoleptic responses (color, taste, and flavour), both hedonic and hedonic quality. The results showed that the roast time, the nutmeg part, and the interaction between the two affected the color, taste, and flavour of both hedonic and hedonic quality. The nutmeg skin treatment and roasting time were 25 minutes; on average, the panellists responded to 3.96 (very like) color, 3.32 (like), flavour and 2.80 (like) taste hedonic. In hedonic quality, the treatment took 25 minutes, and the skin nutmeg, on average, the panellists responded to 3.35 color (tea-colored), 3.24 flavour (nutmeg flavor) and 2.56 taste (slightly nutmeg taste).


The electron-excited K alpha 1 and K alpha 2 X-ray spectra of the metals Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu have been investigated with the aid of curved-crystal spectrometry, and are compared with respect to asymmetry indices and FWHM values. Three alternative approximations have been applied in the calculations, i.e. one symmetric lorentzian per line, two symmetric lorentzians per line and two skew lorentzians per line. Fractional contributions to the extra non-line intensity from the multiplet structure, the skewness effect and from radiative Auger processes have been evaluated, indicating that the multiplet structure is of major importance for Cr and Fe, while radiative Auger processes are dominant for Ni and Cu. The three effects yield about the same magnitude of extra non-line intensity in the case of Co. The radiative Auger processes give a relative intensity of approximately the same magnitude, i.e. approximately 8% of the main line peak intensity, for all the elements in question and for both the alpha 1 line and the alpha 2 line.


Is medical or surgical evacuation for missed abortion (MA) preferred by women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)? Which factors are determining for the women's preference?

 Sixty-seven percent of the participants preferred surgical evacuation. Side effects and a history of unsuccessful medical evacuation in their first MA were determining factors.

 Guidelines currently recommend medical rather than surgical evacuation after MA. The success rates defined as adequate evacuation of the uterine cavity after MA without further intervention are reported to be 80% and 97% for medical and surgical evacuation, respectively. Medical evacuation is associated with heavier and longer duration of bleeding and higher intensity of pain. Surgical evacuation increases the risk of uterine perforation and Asherman's syndrome. Studies have found that women are more satisfied and have better subsequent mental health when they can decide themselves which method they would choose.

 An online questionnaire was sent October 5th, 2022, to 157 RPL patients who had experienced both medical and surgical evacuation for MA admitted to a center for RPL between January 2016 and September 2022. Eighty-seven (55.4%) patients completed the survey before deadline after being sent reminders. Sixty (69%) of the women had received a medical evacuation and 27 (31%) surgical evacuation for their first MA.

 The mean age of the respondents was 37 years (SD ± 0.5) and they had had at least three pregnancy losses. The questionnaire featured questions regarding the women's experiences with medical and surgical evacuation, preferred evacuation method if they would have another MA, and determining factors for their preference. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Analyses were conducted to determine associations between potential determining factors for preferred evacuation method.

 A significantly higher intensity of pain was experienced, and analgesics were required for a significantly longer period after a first medical evacuation compared to a first surgical evacuation (p < 0.001 and p = 0.006). Bleeding, pain, sick leave, and mental discomfort had a significant impact on the choice of another evacuation method at the time of next MA in women who experienced a medical abortion first. As many as 40% had experienced failure of the first medical evacuation with need for subsequent surgical evacuation for complete evacuation; this was confirmed by consulting the patient's medical records. The odds ratio (OR) for preferring medical evacuation at next MA was 3.3 if the women had given birth before (p = 0.011). The OR for preferring medical evacuation at next MA was 0.3, if the women had received medical evacuation for their first MA (p = 0.015). There were no statistically significant associations between preferring medical evacuation and the following factors: BMI, age at first evacuation and menstrual pain. Two thirds (66.7%) of the women would prefer surgical evacuation for their next MA, while the remaining women (33.3%) would prefer medical evacuation.

 The response rate of 55.4% was lower than expected 70% which implicates a risk of sampling bias such as a predominance of patients with a history of complicated evacuations responding to the questionnaire. Due to the retrospective design, recollection bias could also impact the results.

 In this study population, medical evacuation was associated with a stronger experience of side effects and a higher failure rate than expected, which may explain why more women preferred surgical evacuation for their next MA. This may suggest current evacuation recommendations for MAs should become more individualized than currently.

 Not applicable


Superconducting cables have been under development for transmission and distribution applications for many years. This paper will discuss an innovative Tri-Axial design in which all three electrical phases are placed concentrically on one cable core. The triax HTS cable was installed at American Electric Power and placed in service August 2006. The cable is rated 13.2 kV, 3.0 kA.


The helix TWT in which the dielectric supports with varying along area of interaction ε are used is suggested. The law of varying ε have maintained the necessary for high efficiency distribution of slowing of helix with constant pitch.


The invention belongs to the field of molecular biology, and discloses an siRNA segment capable of inhibiting mouse TLR9 expression and a vector built on the basis of the segment. A sequence of the siRNA segment is 5'-UGUAAGAACUUCAAGUUCA-3'; two Oligo single strands of which two corresponding ends have BamHI and Hind III restriction enzyme cutting sites are synthesized according to the sequence, and are annealed continuously and connected to the vector to build an interference vector pSilencerTM4.1-siRNA9.1. Specific examples, such as RT-PCR, western blot and the like, validate that the interference vector can be used for inhibiting the expression of a mouse Raw264.7 cell TLR9 and block a signal channel caused by the TLR9 successfully and specifically. Therefore, the siRNA9.1 sequence and the interference vector obtained by the siRNA9.1 sequence can be used for obtaining a large number of mouse cells with low TLR9 expression cells and blocking the TLR9 signal channel economically, fast and conveniently.


Today, smart cities represent an effective digital platform for facilitating our lives by shifting all stakeholders toward more sustainable behavior. Consequently, the field of smart cities has become an increasingly important research area. The smart city comprises a huge number of hybrid networks, with each network containing an enormous number of nodes that transmit massive amounts of data, thus giving rise to many network problems, such as delay and loss of connectivity. Decreasing the amount of such transmitted data is a great challenge. This paper presents a data overhead reduction scheme (DORS) for heterogeneous networks in smart city environments that comprise five different methods: median, nonlinear least squares, compression, data merging, and prioritization. Each method is applied according to the current status of quality of service. To measure the performance of the proposed model, a simulation environment is constructed for a smart city using network simulation package, NS2. The obtained results indicate that DORS has the capability to decrease the size of transmitted data in the simulated smart city environment while attaining a notable performance enhancement in terms of data reduction rate, end‐to‐end delay, packet loss ratio, throughput, and energy consumption ratio.


Neutron-induced fission cross sections for {sup nat}Pb and {sup 209}Bi were measured with a white-spectrum neutron source at the CERN Neutron Time-of-Flight (n{sub T}OF) facility. The experiment, using neutrons from threshold up to 1 GeV, provides the first results for these nuclei above 200 MeV. The cross sections were measured relative to {sup 235}U and {sup 238}U in a dedicated fission chamber with parallel plate avalanche counter detectors. Results are compared with previous experimental data. Upgraded parametrizations of the cross sections are presented, from threshold energy up to 1 GeV. The proposed new sets of fitting parameters improve former results along the whole energy range.


In this letter, a new compact two‐pole band‐pass filter (BPF) based on an asymmetric short‐circuited spurline resonator is presented. The filter is modeled by means of a new multimodal circuit model for a microstrip to three‐line‐microstrip cross, which allows a rigorous study of a very generic new family of filters. A BPF centered at 1.9 GHz has been designed, measured, and simulated using this multimodal model. A good agreement between measurements and simulations has been obtained. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1328–1331, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25161


Natural gas is gaining popularity as a fuel for automobile applications. In
order to procure all the benefits of using natural gas, dedicated engines optimised for this
fuel are needed. It is necessary to validate multi-dimensional models of combustion of
natural gas in SI engines as such models provide a powerful tool in designing engines
and optimising them for this fuel and for studying the emission of pollutants.
The multi-dimensional CFD code, KN A-IT, has been used in this study,
with necessary modifications and additions. Several combustion models commonly used
for SI engine modelling in CFD environments were evaluated. It was concluded that
flamelet combustion models are more suitable for engine combustion modelling as
engine combustion, in almost all cases, lies within the flamelet regime of combustion.
One such flamelet model, the Fractal Flame Model (FFM), was improved, implemented
and validated for simulating the turbulent phase of the combustion process in a spark
ignited, natural gas fuelled engine. The model validation was done by comparing predictions
with experimental data for the base line case. This validated model was then used to study
the effects of engine operating parameters and combustion chamber geometry on engine
performance and emissions thus providing a suitable analytical background for the
designing of dedicated engines optimised for natural gas. This parametric study was
performed over a range of air/fuel ratios, with ignition timing, compression ratio and
engine speed as the variable parameters. The trends predicted were used to assess the
predictive capabilities of the FFM.
Eddy break up model (EBUM) was used to compare the predictions by the
FFM and these comparisons indicated that the FFM resulted in better agreement with
experiments. The predicted trends of engine performance and pollutant formation with
the FFM agree well with those found in the literature. This indicates the strength of the
FFM as a combustion model for natural gas fuelled SI engines.
The effects of the combustion chamber geometry and exhaust gas
recirculation on engine performance and pollutant formation were numerically studied
and the trends obtained agree with experimental data available. The Renormalisation
Group Theory (RNG) k-e turbulence model was compared with the standard k-e model
and no significant effect on results was found.


This paper describes an approach to investigate and develop a hybrid control scheme for vibration suppression of a vehicle suspension system. Initially, an active force control (AFC) scheme is developed for the motion control of the system. This is then extended to incorporate a feed forward controller based on an input shaping (IS) technique for the control of vibration of the suspension system that could in turn lead to the enhancement of the riding performance of the vehicle. Simulation results of the response of the suspension system with the proposed control scheme are presented in time and frequency domains. The performance of the hybrid control scheme with AFC and IS control are particularly assessed in terms of the level of vibration reduction.


Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 × rates generally was less than that with 3/4 × rates, which was lower than or similar to that with 1 × rates. Wild oat biomass was often reduced less with 1/2 × rates than 1 × rates. However, reducing herbicide rates generally did not influence grain yields or net economic return. Grain yields and net economic return were generally greater in herbicide-treated plots than in the nontreated control.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Marketing Mix Decisions Against Consumers In Purchasing Products Daihatsu Xenia at PT. Astra Daihatsu Malang. And to analyze the presence or absence Influence Marketing Mix Variables most dominant in influencing the consumer's decision to buy a car daihatsu xenia. Sampling technique with "purposive sampling" so that the number of samples taken 93 respondents. This research was carried out by spreading the questionnaires to the respondents consumers PT. Astra Daihatsu Malang. To analyze Effect of Marketing Mix Variables such, the data analysis method used is quantitative analysis, the validity test, reliability test, normality test, the classical assumption, t test and F test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the analysis of data, showed that: Marketing Mix Variables consisting of price, product, promotion and place to have a significant influence on consumer decisions in purchasing products Daihatsu Xenia at PT. Astra Daihatsu Malang. From the results of partial correlation analysis revealed that the variable products have the most dominant effect in influencing consumer decisions in purchasing products daihatsu xenia car at PT. Astra Daihatsu Malang. Keywords: influence of product, price, place, promotion and purchasing decisions


The article presents the results of investigations of the flora of small rivers within the city of Saratov (Yelshanka, Nazarovka, 1st Gusyolka, and 2nd Gusyolka). The species composition of aquatic plants of the streams studied is represented by 37 macrophyte species belonging to 23 genera, 17 families and three divisions (Charophyta, Polypodiophyta, and Magnoliophyta). The families Potamogetonaceae, Cyperaceae and Lemnaceae predominate by the number of represented species. The values of the Menchinik index indicate that the greatest floristic diversity is characteristic of the Yelshanka and Nazarovka rivers (3.1 and 3.4, respectively). The species composition of aquatic plants of the studied rivers within the urban area has a low similarity coefficient with the flora of rivers with relatively low anthropogenic load. Hydrophytes are the most numerous ecological group (22 species). According to the Paley–Kownacki dominance index, among the macrophytes of the studied rivers, most species are subdominant (57.28%) (Potamogeton perfoliatus, Typha angustifolia, Lemna trisulca, etc.). 37.18% (Phragmites australis, Potamogeton pectinatus, Lemna minor, Ceratophyllum demersum) belong to dominants, and the rest (11.54%) is defined as subdominants of the first order. Exceptional predominance is characteristic of Ceratophyllum demersum and Phragmites australis, which acted as dominants in all studied rivers. A significant part of the rivers is characterized by a low degree of overgrowth by hydrophilous vegetation, from slightly overgrown to not overgrown. The main types of distribution of aquatic and riparian-water vegetation are belted and fragmentary. Macrophyte communities are characterized by a simplified structure (one- or two-tiered), with absolute predominance of one plant species and the presence of two to four associated species with low values of projective coverage. The results of our calculations of indices (macrophyte index for small rivers (Sm), Indice Biologique Macrophytique in Riviere (IBMR)) based on the structural parameters of macrophytes showed that the studied rivers have a satisfactory ecological status.


Simultaneous measurement of temperature and force using a single fiber Bragg grating based on broadened reflection spectrum is proposed and demonstrated. The wavelength peak shift and the bandwidth broadening with the change of temperature and force allow discrimination between the temperature and force effects. Standard deviation errors of 1.8°C and 0.16N have been obtained with temperature and force ranges of up to 20~100°C and 0~8N, respectively.


Summary of Literature Review: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is regarded as more effective treatment than conservative care, but additional fracture could cause complications during follow up. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 43 patients who had only one vertebral compression fracture after one vertebroplasty. The number of patients who had additional compression fracture within one level from the operated vertebra were 23 cases (Group I); beyond two levels from the operated vertebra were 20 cases (Group II). We compared the onset period of additional compression fracture, the degree of osteoporosis, age, level, restoration of vertebral body height and kyphosis between the two groups. Results: The onset period of additional compression fracture was 18.7±28.1 months in Group I and 42.7±39.4 months in Group II, showing significant difference between the two groups. Group I had more cases of previous vertebroplasty on thoraco-lumbar vertebra than Group II. The restoration rate of vertebral body height of Group I was 42.3±40.9% and that of Group II was 22.8±21.6%, which shows significant difference between the two. Conclusion: Adjacent vertebral compression fracture after vertebroplasty can occur earlier than non adjacent one. We need to pay attention to the patients who had higher restoration rate of vertebral body height after vertebroplsty as they are more prone to having additional adjacent compression fracture.


Pancuronium decreases the minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of halothane in humans, while atracurium has a metabolite, laudanosine, which is a known cerebral stimulant. To determine if these muscle relaxants significantly alter cerebral function, their effects on cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), intracranial pressure (ICP), EEG, and the cerebral energy state were studied in halothane-anesthetized dogs. Group A dogs (n = 6) were maintained at 0.86% end-expired (1.0 MAC) halothane. Thereafter, a sequence of 1) pancuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1; 2) reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine plus glycopyrrolate; and 3) pancuronium 0.2 mg.kg-1 produced no changes in CMRO2 CBF, ICP, or EEG. Group B dogs (n = 6) also were maintained at 0.86% end-expired halothane and received the following in sequence: 1) atracurium 0.5 mg.kg-1; 2) reversal of neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine plus glycopyrrolate; 3) atracurium 1.0 mg.kg-1; and 4) atracurium 2.5 mg.kg-1. There were no changes in CMRO2, CBF, or ICP; EEG evidence of cerebral arousal occurred in only one dog with the final dose of atracurium. Group C dogs (n = 6) received tetracaine spinal anesthesia and the minimal halothane concentration (mean ± SE = 0.69 ± 0.03% end-expired) that would maintain an "anesthetic" EEG pattern. Each Group C dog received the following in sequence: 1) atracurium 1.0 mg.kg-1, and 2) atracurium 2.5 mg.kg-1. EEG evidence of cerebral arousal occurred in all six Group C dogs. Arousal was not accompanied by significant increases in CBF, CMRO2, or ICP. In Groups B and C, neuromuscular blockade always preceded arousal. Once arousal occurred, the EEG never returned to the asleep pattern. Cerebral stimulation by atracurium in the dog is modest in magnitude, is probably independent of the neuromuscular effects of the drug, and is presumed to be secondary to the metabolite laudanosine.


Mining development has resulted in resource destruction which as the representative of the destruction of land resources, landscape destruction in Dachang tin-polymetallic orefield , total size of destruction of land resources have exceed 90hm ,geological hazards caused by the performance of surface subsidence, collapse, landslides and tailings dam-break, forming Xinzhou's surface subsidence area and extend its landslides, etc; Environmental pollution caused by the performance of factor of excessive heavy metal pollution ,such as Cd, As, Zn, Hg, Sb, Pb which come from surface water, groundwater and soil , especially seriously affected by surround area of both of the tailings and rock waste. The changes of geological environment not only undermine the ecological environment in mining and affect the sustainability of mining development, but also affect the methods implemented, which including mining geophysical prospecting, geochemical prospecting and exploration of deep geological


Walk in the front door of Milwaukee's gay-friendly Alliance School and at first it doesn't seem all that different from many big-city high schools. Metal lockers line the hallways of the old cinderblock building, once home to a city recreation program. Interspersed with the lockers are colorful student artwork and fliers taped to the walls and classroom doors. Before and after school and during passing periods, students crowd the hallways, jostling and calling out loudly to each other, even as others make little to no eye contact. Teachers threading their way through answer questions about homework and order kids to class. Students drift into the office asking for bus passes. Lockers, one after another, slam shut. But, look and listen more closely, and the unique characteristics of Alliance emerge. Its vibe: laid-back but edgy. No bells signal the beginning and end of class periods. Students talk freely on their cell phones and address teachers by their first names. But many of the flyers and wall posters carry messages urging "peace" and "respect." Some students seem wary of a visitor in the building, with more than one asking, "Are you a sub?" And even by the almost anything goes sartorial standard of today's high school, many Alliance students stand out for their wildly flamboyant, unconventional style. To be sure, plenty of boys are wearing jeans, some carrying skateboards or basketballs under their arms. But it's not unusual to see them talking to other males wearing multiple earrings and dramatic, perfectly applied eye makeup. Some girls are dressed as if for a fashion show runway, wearing three-inch heels and glittery tops. Others express themselves through rainbow-hued hair, multiple body piercings, or a long, black trench coat. Teachers eventually clear the halls, curbing off-color and rude comments. And students know that once they get to class, cell phones must be silenced and used only to take emergency calls. Yes, there are rules. But, on a day last fall when a substitute teacher ordered a student out of her classroom for refusing to take off his hat, regular staff members rolled their eyes at what was clearly viewed as an overreaction. "Why would I waste my time worrying about students wearing hats in class given the problems they're facing, the issues they're dealing with?" asked English teacher Paul Moore, one of the school's founding teachers. "What we need to be doing is establishing relationships with these kids and making sure they feel safe and accepted. Only then can we can expect them to be in a position to learn." A safe haven Moore and his colleagues at Alliance face the daunting task of meeting the social/emotional and academic needs of a group of students whose sexual orientation puts them in what some say is society's last unprotected class. The school opened in 2005 as a teacher-led charter school operating under the auspices of the Milwaukee Public Schools. The school's lead teacher is Tina Owen, a former MPS instructor whose vision shaped Alliance as a safe haven for students who had been bullied or discriminated against not only because of their sexual orientation, but also their beliefs, abilities, or appearance. Several students transferred to Alliance after being bullied at their neighborhood schools for their conservative Christian views, and some academically oriented students taunted for being nerdy enrolled at Alliance seeking the chance to study in peace. Still other students say they were driven out of their neighborhood schools by unrelenting criticism of their weight, clothing choices, or body odor. When it opened, Alliance was one of only two high schools in the country (the other, New York City's Harvey Milk High School) explicitly designated as gay-friendly. Four years later, it was expanded to include grades six through eight, making it the first and only such school in the country to serve middle school students. Alliance is small--it has 172 students, 12 full-time, and six part-time faculty and staff. …


Herein, we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of the novel tris(4-(2,2-difluoro-6-methyl-2H-1λ3,3,2λ4-dioxaborinin-4-yl)phenyl)amine trimeric probe (A2) via the reaction between triphenylamine (1), acetic anhydride, and BF3·OEt2 implying the twelve new bond formation in a one-pot manner. This highly fluorescent compound in solution (φ up to 0.91 at 572 nm) and solid state (φ = 0.24 at 571 nm) showed a better solvatofluorochromism than its analog monomeric A1 due to symmetry-broken charge transfer, which is consistent with high solvent dipolarity (SdP) response in Catalán's multiparametric regression. Notably, A2 had a high sensibility and selectivity for CN− or F− in solution (LODCN−/F− = 0.18/0.70 μM), and CN− can be discriminated from F− by the reaction of A2 with 3.0 equiv. of CN−. In addition, A2 was impregnated on filter paper to prepare test strips that were applied to naked-eye qualitative sensing of CN− or F−. Finally, the octupolar system in A2 allows for better action of two-photon excitation cross-section values when compared with that of the dipolar structure in A1. These findings provide further information for the design of new efficient two-photon absorption dyes.


The Oscan law of the Tabula Bantina ( TBO ), the longest Oscan text found to this date, is the product of a politically significant time in Roman history in which the Italian socii revolted against, and tried to assert independence from, Rome. In spite of this, the TBO largely reads like a Roman law, particularly in vocabulary and phrasing. The aim of this article is to reveal the extent to which the TBO was influenced by Latin legal language. It will identify several remarkable syntactic, stylistic and epigraphic aspects of this Oscan law and compare them to conventions in the Latin legal register.


To the Editor: Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, a newly discovered tick-borne infection originally described in the upper Midwest,1 has recently been reported in 29 patients from Westchester County, New York.2 We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine 173 host-seeking ticks (Ixodes scapularis) collected from vegetation in Westchester County for the presence of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, as well as the agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. After extracting DNA from dissected tissues, we used the 23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) primers of Schwartz et al.3 for B. burgdorferi and the 16S rDNA primers of Pancholi . . .


Identity construction is a complex issue, especially for Hongkongers. Due to historical reason, Hongkongers are regarded to have multiple languages and dual identities, which is hybridity of Chinese (eastern) culture and English (western) culture. Based on the method of narrative inquiry, this study explores how a young generation Hongkonger constructs her identity in a post-colonial context and provides evidence of Hongkonger's hybrid identity. On the one hand, Hongkongers desire permission to be accepted in the certain cultural communities. On the other hand, they are excluded by both the Chinese community and the English community from a cultural point of view, which leads to localism in Hongkong. As a result, they are like cultural orphans wandering in the cultural "in-between" space.


Objective To observe the protection of D-amphetamine on rat brain after focal cerebral ischemia.Methods The unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) models were established by using Koizumi's method.TUNEL was applied to detect quantitatively brain cell apoptosis at 1st,3rd and 6th week after operation.Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR were respectively used to detect the expression of growth-associated protein 43(GAP-43) and GAP-43 mRNA around ischemic area.Results Apoptosis of brain cells reduced evidently in the group treated with D-amphetamine.GAP-43 protein detection demonstrated statistically significant increase in immunoreaction product as determined by optical density measurements in D-amphetamine treated group compared with the group without any agent treatment.The same results appeared in RT-PCR product.Conclusion D-amphetamine can reduce brain cell apoptosis and promote GAP-43 expression.


Acetacetic derivatives of fullerene were obtained by the reaction of C-60 with acetacetic ester, after separation with silica gel column chromatography, in good yields. Fullerenols with 13-15 hydroxyl groups were-isolated as the by-products of this reaction. Detailed experimental conditions and the structural characterizations of these new compounds were discussed.


Design service sectors is developing in full swing and playing an increasingly important role in industry's up-grading in China. Design service sectors, as an emerging industry, has been becoming the focus abroad, but in China, the research on design starts relatively late and lack mature theoretical system. In this paper, we discuss the meanings, development mechanism of design service sectors and finally point out the future directions for research in the fields.


Tumors of the glomus body of the jugular bulb are the most common neoplasm involving the middle ear (1) and in some cases have an autosomal inheritance pattern. Most often, patients present in the fifth or sixth decade of life with a unilateral hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, or mixed), pulsating tinnitus, and at least one cranial nerve palsy. In approximately 25% of cases, patients will also complain of pain or vertigo. Examination often reveals a reddish-blue pulsating mass behind the inferior portion of the tympanic membrane, which blanches with insufflation and will bleed intensely upon biopsy (2). Some tumors secrete excessive catecholamines, which can cause hypertension, tachycardia, and additional surgical risk. Glomus jugulare tumors were first described by Rosenwasser (3) in 1945, and although they can be slow growing, they can have significant invasion into the skull base and brain. In rare cases, these tumors have also been shown to metastasize.


A discussion of a paper with the aforementioned title by Gazetas and Uddin, published in this journal (Volume 120, Number 11, November 1994), is presented. Discusser Jansen states that in some embankments, a distinct preexisting slide surface like the authors' model may be difficult to detect and delineate because many dams undergo general deformation rather than well-defined displacement. Jansen offers the view that the complexity of seismic forces, as well as dam and foundation conditions at the time of an earthquake, cannot be represented precisely by numerical techniques, although they are necessary to assess potential behavior. Several sets of computations with varying parameters are advisable to cover the possible ranges of seismic loading and embankment and foundation response. No closure is offered by the authors.


Information type is complex diversity in accord with their characteristics including in arid area. Patterns of information linkage are studied in different matters,such as,between organisms and water, and between plant and animal, etc.The characters and process of the information transfer are also expounded, which is significant importance for understanding the mechanism, pattern, and tendency of building up models for restoration of the degraded arid environment. Based on investigation and analysis,ecological information characteristics have been pointed out,such as,multi-variate,multi-source,scale,compound,multi-dimension,complexity and systemic feature,and so on.Information flow and its simulation in arid environment also has its special features.


The article substantiates the approaches to determining the sources of the budgetary and tax potential of the united territorial communities, outlining the prospects for its rational formation and implementation, based on the assessment of the resources available in the field of service and/or in the ownership of the territorial communities and based on their fiscal capabilities, as well as the achieved level of efficiency implementation. It has been proven that the source of the budget and tax potential is a set of resources that are in the service sector and/or owned by the territorial communities, have the ability to accumulate within a certain time and under the existing conditions and can be transformed into tax, non-tax and other revenues to the budget of the territorial communities, in accordance with the decisions made by the community and intended to finance the implementation of its own and delegated powers and also solving the task of socio-economic development of the territory. Such territorial community's resources include: natural resources (primary natural resources, ecosystems); physical resources (integrated property complexes, movable property, immovable property); institutions (enterprises, institutions and organizations that are communally owned by the territorial communities, business entities (individuals, legal entities), business associations, clusters, etc.); human resources and social capital. Based on the analysis and assessment of indicators of local budget revenue generation, it was established that such revenues are generated at the expense of revenues from own sources, the specific weight of which has been growing significantly in recent years, and inter-budget transfers. A fundamental analysis of the components of the revenues of the territorial communities from its own sources, based on the assessment of the resources available in the field n the ownership of the territorial communities, shows that the rate of growth of own revenues of local budgets is inextricably linked with the decentralization of power and the reform of local self-government and the corresponding financial decentralization, which is an effective factor in stimulating local self-government bodies to increase revenues to the budgets of local government on the basis of effective use of available resources, as well as finding reserves to fill them and increasing the efficiency of tax payment administration. During the study, the main problems related to the ineffective management of the resources of territorial communities and leading to a decrease in the budget and tax potential were identified. Measures aimed at solving existing problems are proposed.


AA Dor is a close, totally eclipsing, post common-envelope binary with an sdOB-type primary and an extremely low-mass secondary, located close to the mass limit of stable central hydrogen burning. Within error limits, it may either be a brown dwarf or a late M-type dwarf.
We aim to extract the secondary's contribution to the phase-dependent composite spectra. The spectrum and identified lines of the secondary decide on its nature.
In January 2014, we measured the phase-dependent spectrum of AA Dor with XSHOOTER over one complete orbital period. Since the secondary's rotation is presumable synchronized with the orbital period, its surface strictly divides into a day and night side. Therefore, we may obtain the spectrum of its cool side during its transit and of its hot, irradiated side close to its occultation. We developed the Virtual Observatory (VO) tool TLISA to search for weak lines of a faint companion in a binary system.
We identified 53 spectral lines of the secondary in the ultraviolet-blue, visual, and near-infrared XSHOOTER spectra that are strongest close to its occultation. We identified 57 (20 additional) lines in available UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph) spectra from 2001. The lines are mostly from C II-III and O II, typical for a low-mass star that is irradiated and heated by the primary. We verified the orbital period of P = 22597.033201 +/- 0.00007 s and determined the orbital velocity Ksec = 232.9 (+16.6 / -6.5) km/s of the secondary. The mass of the secondary is Msec = 0.081 (+0.018 / -0.010) Msun and, hence, it is not possible to reliably determine a brown dwarf or an M-type dwarf nature.
Although we identified many emission lines of the secondary's irradiated surface, the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio of our UVES and XSHOOTER spectra are not good enough to extract a good spectrum of the secondary's nonirradiated hemisphere.


In relation to the question of by what means the Belarusian newspaper "Nasa niva" conceptualizes Belarusian national space, and, simultaneously, Belarusian national literature the article discusses the profiling and function of Polish literature and writers within the newspaper. An analysis of the corpus of translations and of the selection and evaluation of authors and literary phenomena reveals strategies of dissimilation (getting visible) and, more important, of appropriation of literary resources (gaining dignity). Discursive strategies of ikonifying and hybridizing discern representatives of Polish literature as either Polish 'proper' ("close but alien"), or as Polish 'improper' (actually Belarusian). Thus, the presentation of Polish literature is part of "Nasa niva"'s general strategy to conceptualize and establish a Belarusian literary tradition.


The ray method is used to calculate the SEM (singularity expansion method) poles of spheroids based on the concept of orthogonal decomposition. As an example, the calculated results are used to verify the correctness of the computing model, which extends the ray method for calculating SEM poles from two-dimensional scatterers to three-dimensional ones.<<ETX>>


Mixed phase vanadium oxide thin films with high temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) are made on Si and Si3N4 substrates using a new method. The tests indicate that the square resistance and TCR of the vanadium oxide thin film (50 nm) are 50 kΩ and 0.021 K-1 at room temperature, respectively. 


We detail an extensive characterisation study on a previously described dual amperometric H2O2 biosensor consisting of H2O2 detection (blank) and degradation (catalase) electrodes. In vitro investigations demonstrated excellent H2O2 sensitivity and selectivity against the interferent, ascorbic acid. Ex vivo studies were performed to mimic physiological conditions prior to in vivo deployment. Exposure to brain tissue homogenate identified reliable sensitivity and selectivity recordings up to seven days for both blank and catalase electrodes. Furthermore, there was no compromise in pre- and post-implanted catalase electrode sensitivity in ex vivo mouse brain. In vivo investigations performed in anaesthetised mice confirmed the ability of the H2O2 biosensor to detect increases in amperometric current following locally perfused/infused H2O2 and antioxidant inhibitors mercaptosuccinic acid and sodium azide. Subsequent recordings in freely moving mice identified negligible effects of control saline and sodium ascorbate interference injections on amperometric H2O2 current. Furthermore, the stability of the amperometric current was confirmed over a five-day period and analysis of 24-h signal recordings identified the absence of diurnal variations in amperometric current. Collectively, these findings confirm the biosensor current responds in vivo to increasing exogenous and endogenous H2O2 and tentatively supports measurement of H2O2 dynamics in freely moving NOD SCID mice.


This study is to test the practicability of vermicomposting of sugarcane bagasse and banana stem using Eudrillus eugeniae (African nightcrawler) and also to determine
the rate of degradation of each waste. Fresh sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was mixed with soil at five different ratios namely 1:9, 1:4, 3:7, 2:3 and 1:1. These mixtures were then introduced with ten Eudrillus eugeniae in each container. This procedure was repeated for the banana stem as well. The vermiculture from each treatment were analysed for conductivity, ORP, TDS, C/N ratio, salinity and pH. The results obtained indicated that all mixture of SCB was completely degraded after 42 days wherelse it took 21 days for the complete degradation of banana stem. The fastest degradation was observed for the ratio of 1:9 which was 14 days for SCB and 10 days for banana stem. The degradation rate via vermicomposting was 2.38 x 10-3 kg per day for
sugar cane bagasse and 4.76 x 10-3 kg per day for banana stem. This study indicate that banana stem has better degradation properties using Eudrillus eugeniae compared to SCB in the ratio of 1:9. It can be concluded that the best ratio for vermicomposting of both SCB and banana stem was 1:9.


Creative thinking skills are needed by someone to face the challenges in the 21st century. A learning model is needed that can facilitate students to hone their creative thinking skills. Science learning must emphasize student activities through inquiry, one of which is the Community of Inquiry (CoI) learning model. Creative thinking skills in this study consist of aspects of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the CoI learning model using LINE on high school students' creative thinking skills in renewable energy concept. The method and design used in this study was a quasi experimental non-equivalent control group design. Participants involved in this study consisted of 61 students who were determined by purposive sampling technique with the characteristics of class X MIPA students who have an account and are accustomed to using the LINE application. CoI learning using LINE was applied to the experimental class, while the control class carried out conventional online learning. Sources of research data were obtained from creative thinking test instruments, student response questionnaires, and observation sheets of learning model implementation. The test instrument for students' creative thinking skills was given as a pre-test and post-test. The results of the pre-test data analysis showed that the students' initial creative thinking skills in the control class and the experimental class were the same and were in the low category. After the learning was carried out, the average post-test score of the experimental class was higher than the control class and there was a significant difference in the mean. The N-gain score of the experimental class was included in the moderate category, while the control class was included in the low category. So, it can be concluded that the application of CoI learning using LINE affects creative thinking skills in renewable energy concept.


Quantum‐dot technology is bringing wide color gamut to LCDs, giving them a leg up on another advantage that once belonged to OLEDs.


Abstract:Using the American Community Survey (ACS) to generate Public-Use Microdata Samples, the authors explored differences in common occupations and income levels of Black and White men and women with paired educational backgrounds. Findings revealed that higher paying occupations were more common among White men and women, even with educational parity with Black men and women. In addition, compared to lesser educated White people, lesser educated Black people were more likely to be unemployed, have lower paying occupations, and live below the national poverty rate. Policy implications for correcting education-attainment discrepancies among Black people in the United States are discussed.


This  paper  presents  the  development  of  a  computational  model  to  simulate  the adsorption of water in a fixed bed, comparing the performance of zeolite 4A and silica gel type 'A'. A variation of the Langmuir isotherm for zeolite 4A and Tóth isotherm for the silica gel were used; Linear Driving Force (LDF) model was used for adsorption rate with an overall coefficient temperature dependent.  The  model  is  composed  of  five  partial  differential  equations associated  with  mole  fraction  of  water,  temperature,  pressure,  superficial velocity  and  water  loading.  Method  of  lines  (MOL)  was  used  with  the  function ODE15S of Matlab® to solve the system. As response variables the characteristic time interval of the breakthrough curve, asymmetry, maximum temperature  and  pressure  drop,  through  a  two-level  factorial  scheme  were  evaluated.  Adsorbent  was  the  most  influential  variable  on  the  response variables.  Zeolite  has  the  highest  rate  of  adsorption  due  to  the  shape  of  the  adsorption  isotherm,  but  has  a  lower  water  retention  loading  and  increased  resistance to mass transfer.


A volcanic explosion is one of the largest energy release phenomena on earth. The ash fall can seriously affect human activity. Thus, the monitoring and prediction of ash fall is very important. Unfortunately, visible light cameras cannot be used to observe eruptions that occur at night and/or when skies are cloudy. Several researchers have investigated the applicability of meteorological radar to the monitoring of the spatiotemporal distribution of eruption clouds, including the ash. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data provide a useful alternative to meteorological radar for detecting volcanic plumes (e.g. Ohta and Iguchi, 2015). Recently, the GSI and Tohoku University have developed a nationwide (>1200 sites) real-time crustal deformation monitoring system (REGARD), based on kinematic GNSS analysis, to determine the coseismic fault model of large earthquakes. We will discuss the possibility of the real-time volcanic plume monitoring using GNSS phase residual and SNR data based on the REGARD system.


Recently Bean et al. (1) compared isoelectric focusing/immunoblotting/laser densitometry (IEF/IB/LD), Axis %CDT TIA, and Axis %CDT HPLC for the determination of CDT. This study shows shortcomings that need further discussion.

1. The three methods, as presented in Materials and Methods in that paper, are not semiautomated. The statement that "similar results are obtained on an array of turbidimetric instruments … " on page 987 cannot be deduced from the data presented. None of the 10 analyzers mentioned was tested in this study, and appropriate references are not given. Thus, the title does not reflect the content of the paper.

2. On page 983, the authors state that "inclusion of the trisialotransferrin fraction increases the accuracy in the diagnosis of sustained alcohol usage." However, on page 988, the discussion ends with "whether the inclusion of the trisialotransferrins results in improved efficacy of the test awaits further analysis… "

3. Predictive values, diagnostic sensitivities, and specificities strongly depend on the definition of false positives and negatives and patients' sex and liver function (2). However, no information is given on how daily alcohol consumption for groups 1–4 was verified. Furthermore, groups 2–4 combine men and women (with and without alcohol-induced liver disease). Although gender-specific upper reference limits of CDT are described in detail and generally accepted (2), the authors establish gender-nonspecific cutoffs without giving any reasons for this procedure.

4. The study illustrates the need for a unified definition of CDT. On page 983, the IEF/IB/LD is said to summarize asialo-, mono-, and disialotransferrins as CDT; on pages 984, 987, and 988, only asialo- and disialotransferrin. %CDT TIA analyzes asialo-, mono-, di-, and 50% of trisialotransferrin; %CDT HPLC mono-, di-, and 50% of trisialotransferrin but not asialotransferrin (pages 984–985). IEF/IB/LD measures partially iron-loaded, %CDT TIA, and %CDT HPLC iron-saturated isotransferrins. Thus, CDT values …


The classical Hadamard-Hermite inequality requires that the measure be a symmetric and positive. We prove versions which require neither of these conditions. Furthermore, we prove that no such theorems exist with less restrictions than ours, ie. they are best possible.


The relationship between the GOP and the Christian Right became so fundamental to the party's success that Republicans constantly had to maintain a sense of urgency regarding the country's moral compass. Moreover, to retain the loyalty of southern white religious voters, the GOP not only prioritized social conservative policy issues like gay marriage, but it also repackaged "secular" issues regarding the environment, the economy, and even war as issues of religious-political concern. By doing so, the GOP created a religious-partisan brand that dissolved denominational differences, overcame third-party challenges from Christian Right leaders, and softened the Christian authenticity litmus test for candidates. To that end, the religiosity of the contemporary GOP is not solely a reflection of the rising saliency of moral issues; rather, via the Long Southern Strategy, almost every issue became part of the evangelical cosmology in a spirit of Christian nationalism inherent in southern white identity.


Abstract Tracing the history of the Kowie River in the Eastern Cape, Jacklyn Cock writes: "For me, the Kowie … connects a personal and a collective history, the social and the ecological, the sacred and the profane" (Writing the Ancestral River. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 2018, p. 4). She goes on to detail the initiation and induction practices of the Xhosa people indigenous to the Kowie, and then the historical dispossession of these people after the Battle of Grahamstown in 1819. The colonial construction of a harbour in 1838 was, much later, followed by the capitalist development of a marina in 1989. These "developments" caused both ecological damage to the Kowie and economic devastation for the Xhosa. In this article, Cock's book is juxtaposed against another river-based text, Dominique Botha's debut novel False River (Cape Town: Umuzi, 2013), which centres on the farm Rietpan in what was formerly the Orange Free State. Because water is so scarce in South Africa, rivers are divided and violently contested. Botha's text shares with Cock's book not only a history of colonialism in which indigenous people are dispossessed, but also an ecological vision that offers social solutions to this violence. Cock writes: "Perhaps we can connect with our very different histories through our ancestors, and with nature and justice through rivers" (144–45).


After analyzing Internet communication features,the AR model and adaptive linear neural network model are(adopted) to predict the uncertain Internet time-delay.The simulation results for time-delay prediction illustrate that the AR model and the adaptive linear neural network provide two kind of promising ways to predict the Internet time-delay.The resulting statistics of simulation experiments also show that the adaptive linear neural network has a better prediction performance than AR model.


A new nonlinear generalized guidance law is presented and evaluated which is called generalized State-Dependent Riccati-Equation trajectory shaping guidance (GSDRETSG). The guidance law obtained by the solution of the State-Dependent Riccati-Equation regulator problem can achieve to hit the target in an arbitrary specified direction with high accuracy. To ensure a successful hit and high precision in the desired impact angle we propose two guidance logics for the practical application in engineering. The performance of the proposed guidance law is investigated using one application case. It is demonstrated that the GSDRETSG law is capable of producing trajectories satisfying the permissible range of the miss distance and the terminal impact angle. In addition, user can adjust the design parameters to get particular performance objectives and even schedule them as the functions of the missile-target distance for different weapon conditions.


The manifestations of U.S-Japan"honey moon"are: the U.S.gave a lot of help to the recovery and development of Japan's economy;Jap a n followed America's economic strategy in Asia and the Pacific faithfully;both conspired to seize and enjoyed Asian Pacific markets together;both were mutually beneficial and concessive in bilateral economic relation. The reasons of the "honey moon"formed are :the result of "a treaty signed under coercion";strat egic need on each side;strong complement each other in economy. The characterist ics of the "honey moon"are:pronounced political and military colour;unequal p ositions in the relation.


Objective The literature study the setup errors of head and neck, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
 tumors by megavoltage fan-beam CT based image guidance in TOMO-HD to provide the margin
 enlarging from clinic target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) in treatment
 planning system of TOMO-HD.
 Methods 103 patients with head and neck (30 patients), thoracic (42 patients), abdominal
 and pelvic (31 patients) carcinoma were enrolled. Megavoltage fan-beam CT based image
 guidance in tomotherapy-HD was used to acquire CT scan before every treatment. The
 left-right (X), superior-inferior (Y), anterior-posterior (Z) and rotation (Fy) setup
 errors of patients can be obtained from the tomography image automatically restructured
 by the system. Calculating the systematic error and the random error in the three
 dimensions and check whether the setup data accord with the normal distribution or
 not, then acquire the data expand in the three directions.
 Results According to 2 593 fan-beam CT scans, the shift errors (µ ± s) in X, Y, Z and Fy
 (rotation) of three study group were [(−0.31 ± 2.16) mm, (1.09 ± 3.56) mm, (2.36 ±
 2.27) mm, (0.29 ± 0.96)°] (head and neck tumor), [(−0.98 ± 2.95) mm, (0.45 ± 6.86)
 mm, (3.79 ± 2.47) mm, (0.18 ± 0.60)°] (thoracic cancer) and [(−0.86 ± 2.85) mm, (−1.59
 ± 6.91) mm, (5.77 ± 2.40) mm, (0.20 ± 0.68)°] (abdominal and pelvic carcinoma). The
 systematic errors (Σ) and random errors (σ) in X, Y, Z dimensions of patients with
 head and neck, thoracic, abdominal and pelvic tumors were (1.06 mm and 1.84 mm), (1.93
 mm and 3.43 mm), (2.41 mm and 2.71 mm), (1.10 mm and 2.56 mm), (3.79 mm and 5.46 mm),
 (1.38 mm and 1.99 mm) and (1.39 mm and 0.87 mm), (4.98 mm and 5.69 mm), (1.19 mm and
 2.05 mm), respectively.
 Conclusion It is recommended as a reference for image guidance in TOMO-HD according to the frequency
 distribution of setup errors, for patients with head and neck, chest and abdominal
 and pelvic tumors, the maximum range of motion in three dimensions are (5.00, 5.00,
 5.00) mm, (6,63, 17.25, 16.00) mm and (6.49, 16.24, 13.60) mm.
 摘要: 目的 利用 TOMO-HD 螺旋加速器的 MV 级扇形束 CT 研宄头颈部、胸部、腹盆部肿瘤在放疗中的摆位误差, 为 PTV 边界的外扩提供数据支持。
 方法 采用 TOMO-HD 螺旋断层系统分别对 30 例头颈部、42 例胸部和 31 例腹盆 部肿瘤患者每次放疗前行 MV 级扇形束 CT 扫描, 系统自动重建图像并与治疗计划
 CT 图像进行配准, 获得患者左右 (X 轴)、头脚 (Y 轴)、腹背 (Z 轴)、沿Y轴方向的旋转 (Fy) 方向的摆位误差。计算出X、Y、Z方向的系统误差(Σ)
 和随 机误差(σ)并对摆位误差进行正态性检验, 计算出 PTV 的各方向外扩边界。
 结果 共行 2 593 次扫描, 头颈部、胸部、腹盆部患者在 X 轴、Y 轴、Z轴、Fy 方向 (沿 Y 轴方向的旋转) 的摆位误差 (µ ± s) 分别为 [(−0.31
 ± 2.16)mm、(1.09 ± 3.56)mm、(2.36 ± 2.27)mm、(0.29 ± 0.96)°], [(−0.98 ± 2.95)mm、(−0.45
 ± 6.86)mm、(3.79 ± 2.47)mm、(0.18 ± 0.60)°] 和 [(−0.86 ± 2.85)mm、(−1.59 ± 6.91)mm、(5.77
 ± 2.40)mm、(0.20 ± 0.68)°]。头颈部、胸部、腹盆部患者在 X 轴、Y 轴、Z轴方向的系统误差(Σ)和随机误差(σ)分别为 (1.06 mm 和
 1.84 mm)、(1.93 mm 和 3.43 mm)、(2.41 mm 和 2.71 mm)、(1.10 mm 和 2.56 mm)、(3.79 mm 和 5.46
 mm)、(1.38 mm 和 1.99 mm) 和 (1.39 mm 和 0.87 mm)、(4.98 mm 和 5.69 mm)、(1.19 mm 和 2.05
 mm)。
 结论 根据不同部位的摆位误差频数分布, 头颈部、胸部、腹盆部不同 部位肿瘤患者的靶区在三维方向上最大运动范围参考值为 (5.00, 5.00, 5.00)mm, (6.63,
 17.25, 16.00)mm 和 (6.49, 16.24,13.60)mm, 推荐以此作为图像引导参考。


The present invention provides a slide structure of a vehicle seat capable of ensuring smooth sliding at any position in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. The slide structure comprises a stationary outer rail, a movable inner rail, a parallelogram link mechanism and a vehicle widthwise direction orientation adjusting mechanism, wherein the stationary outer rail and the movable inner rail are engaged, in a case where said seat cushion is positioned to be the most front position, a front end of said movable inner rail protrudes forwardly from a front end of said stationary outer rail, while, in a case where said seat cushion is positioned to be the most rear position, a rear end of said movable inner rail protrudes rearwardly from a rear end of said stationary outer rail; one end of the parallelogram link mechanism is pinned to the cushion seat, while the other end of the parallelogram link mechanism is pinned to the movable inner rail; and the vehicle widthwise direction orientation adjusting mechanism can adjust the relative positional relationship in the widthwise direction between the movable inner rail and the front link or the rear link in such a way that the shear load transmitted from the front link or the rear link passes through the shear center situated to be inner in the widthwise direction of the side surface of the movable inner rail, thereby avoiding generation of a torque relative to the movable inner rail.


Introduction: The demand for radiological examination has increased tremendously despite paucity of referring clinicians' knowledge on radiation protection. Reasons to justify these referrals vary. Consequently, the aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between clinicians' knowledge of radiological imaging dosage to their referral justification and guideline. Materials and Methods: Structured questionnaires were developed with four sections (Section 1, sociodemographic data; Section 2, justification for imaging referral; Section 3, knowledge of radiation dose to patients; Section 4, effect of irradiation). The questionnaires were administered at a previous Nigerian Medical Association National Conference, which took place at Lagos in 2013. Sections 3 and 4 were scored and rated. Results: The respondents gave plausible reasons to refer patients for radiological evaluation despite the observation that majority of them were unaware of the existence of referral guidelines and had poor knowledge on radiation. Only 16 (12.2%) of the respondents had a fair score on knowledge about radiation dose to patients while 110 (84.0%) had poor score. Five (3.8%) of the respondents had good score. Similarly, on identifying effect of radiation, 10 (7.6%) had good score, 4 (3.1%) fair score, and 117 (89.3%) poor score. Conclusion: Most of the referrals of patients for radiological evaluation by the respondents were not based on the standard guidelines. Therefore, it is pertinent that referral guidelines should be developed and implemented and clinicians should be educated and trained on radiation protection.


To investigate the effects of the dendrimer backbone on catalysis, a series of monomeric and dendritic SCS-pincer Pd-complexes was synthesized and tested in two different Pd(II)-catalyzed reactions. To this end, the three novel polar PAMAM dendrimer-immobilized SCS-pincer Pd-complexes 3, 4, and 5, and the two apolar carbosilane dendrimer-immobilized complexes 7 and 8 were compared to three monomeric analogues 1, 2 and 6. These complexes were investigated in the cross-coupling reaction between vinyl epoxide and styrylboronic acid and the auto-tandem reaction of cinnamyl chloride, hexamethylditin, and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The differences in catalytic rate and product selectivity for these complexes are described and discussed. For the cross coupling reaction, the PAMAM dendrimer-immobilized complexes were found to give a similar reaction rate, but a higher product selectivity than their monomeric counterparts. The carbosilane complexes showed a lower reaction rate and similar product selectivity. These observations are explained in view of dendrimer aggregation and peripheral group backfolding.


Static elastoplastic analysis is a widely used method to evaluate the seismic performance of structures. The project example in this paper is the high-rise frame-shear wall structure of the second phase (Yongsheng homeland) of the Baisha resettlement area in Zhengdong New Area. The three-dimensional integral model is used to calculate the force of the building under earthquake using the static elasto-plastic analysis method. Analysis was conducted to obtain the stress conditions of high-rise buildings against plastic deformation, and the sequence of the plastic hinges, and the unfavorable floors of the high-rise structure were identified, which provided guidance for the design of such structures.


Pulses from the streamer chambers, taken from the wires and/or from read-out strips, provide triggers and tracking information. Here we are not concerned with the triggers, but assume a trigger has been formed, and we describe the read out of x (parallel to the wire) and y signals for each streamer chamber to give location information for particle trajectories.


ABSTRACT A process for identifying professional development needs and planning teacher inservice programs involved the participation of 4 university professors, 4 local administrators, and 20 physical education teachers in 2 workshops. Each of the four groups was asked to "brainstorm" (for 20 minutes) the question, "What do you see as the strengths/concerns of current professional development activities in physical education?" and group leaders recorded remarks. Each participant then rated the listed strengths and concerns on a scale of "strongly agree," "moderately agree," or "slight or no agreement," and reactions were recorded. Workshop organizers categorized reactions into clusters of similar statements (goals, communication, administration, resources, etc.), which then were listed on a transparency showing exactly what the participants had said. Interpretations by the organizers were confirmed and clarified by the group. A second workshop meeting focused on concerns identified by the group, and participants again divided into four small groups, ranked the concerns, and "brainstormed" to identify possible actions and agencies that could help alleviate these concerns. Results were presented at a final session and additions, deletions, and revisions were made based on the group reaction. (JD)