The puerarin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (PUE-LNCs), composed of labrafac, lipoid and water, were prepared with a phase inversion procedure. The formulation was optimized by simplex lattice design and characterized for its size, zeta potential and in vitro drug release. The results showed that the PUE-LNCs performed a homogeneous typical core-shell structure under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were 56.61 ± 0.27% and 2.62 ± 0.12%, respectively. In vitro drug release revealed the PUE-LNCs showed a controlled-release manner in both artificial simulated gastric juice (pH 1.0) and artificial simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). Based on the aforementioned results, it should now allow a promising tuning for further applications of LNCs as a drug delivery system for puerarin.


Sardinella aurita is the main species exploited by small-scale fisheries in northeastern Venezuela and represents an important source of low cost protein in the Venezuelan market. Due to natural variability its economic, social and ecological relevance this resource is under a regular monitoring program to obtain biological information and fishery. In this context, in this study growth parameters (L ∞ and K) of the von Bertalanffy growth equation and total mortality (Z) were estimated from length frequency data. We used modal decomposition of length frequencies and then monthly growth increments to estimate L ∞ and K by the method of Fabens (1965). Parameter estimates were obtained for the total study period (L ∞ = 326 mm and K= 0,66 year -1 ) and for three subperiods: 1) 1990-1995 (L ∞ = 375 mm and K= 0,45 year -1 ); 2) 1996-2001 (L ∞ = 348 mm and K= 0,62 year -1 ) and 3) 2002-2008


A survey is presented of works on creation and investigation of semiconductor lasers during 1957 – 1977 at the P.N. Lebedev Physics Institute. Many of these works were initiated by N.G. Basov, starting from pre-laser time, when N.G. Basov and his coworkers formulated principal conditions of creation of lasers on interband transitions in semiconductors. Main directions of further works were diode lasers based on various materials and structures, their characteristics of output power, high-speed operation and reliability.


The increase of competitiveness among culinary business makes it become a prospect of business development. Meanwhile, recognizing Malang is the second largest city in East Java, which has many tourists both domestic and foreign, the density of activities became the cause of consumers in Malang could not have enough time to prepare food. Therefore, they tend to buy food from Rumah Makan or Traditional Restaurant. Based on those phenomena, it will be an opportunity for culinary business. Thus, it should have a competitive advantage. One proper way is to create a positively unforgettable experience for consumers. Creation of experience that can touch the feelings and emotions of consumers which make consumers feel happy, satisfy and will have a positive impact on loyalty. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the influence of Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate, the variable Experiential Marketing Customer Satisfaction, while also analyze and explain the effect of Customer Satisfaction to Customer Loyalty. The hypothesis in this study are among other variables of Experiential Marketing that includes Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate, have a significant influence on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction significant influence on Customer Loyalty. This research is explanatory, using a quantitative approach with survey method. This research method to distribute questionnaires to 100 customers, analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as path analysis (path analysis). The results of this study are all variables Experiential Marketing that includes Sense, Feel, Think, Act and Relate, which have a significant influence on Customer Satisfaction and prove that Customer Satisfaction has a significant influence on Customer Loyalty.


The present research aims to compare the entrepreneurial intention of university students before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. For this purpose, some dimensions were analyzed, such as the availability of this target audience to undertake an activity at their own risk, the preference for a future while employed by others, their perception of the values that society places on entrepreneurship, and the entrepreneurial abilities/skillsets. A comparative study of a quantitative nature was used, associating two samples composed of students of higher education in Portugal, the data were obtained before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis of the results permits us to conclude: (1) in the circumstances of macroeconomic changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, entrepreneurial activity does not decrease; (2) respondents are less interested in being employed by others and more attracted to being entrepreneurs; (3) there is a growing concordance with the values that society places on entrepreneurship; and (4) there is now a greater aptitude for entrepreneurial activity. The present research is original, as it compares data obtained in different contexts of economic and social stability. It contributes to theory and practice, in the sense that it points to conclusions in the opposite direction of other studies carried out in situations of disasters of another nature, and can serve as a reference for the development of strategies to promote entrepreneurship, within higher education institutions and official entities to publicize and promote new public policies.


The invention relates to a diode electrical property test system, which comprises: a constant current driving module for producing stable current for the tested diode; a D/A switching circuit for controlling the analog quantity of the given constant current driving module; a capacitor for providing a power supply of transient heavy current for the constant current driving module; a capacitor charging management module for managing the charging of the capacitor and detecting the state of the capacitor; an A/D conversion adaptation circuit for sampling the voltage of both ends of the tested diode and converting the voltage into the digital quantity which is transmitted to a microprocessor; the microprocessor; an I/O module; a keyboard circuit; a communication module; a display module; and a power supply circuit. The diode electrical property test system of the invention has advantages of low energy consumption, large output amplitude, free setup of testing parameters, high testing accuracy and fast testing speed.


5 Axially chiral biaryls, as exemplified by 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL), are key components of catalysts, natural 6 products and medicines. These materials are synthesized conventionally in enantioenriched form through metal7 mediated cross coupling, de novo construction of an aromatic ring, point-to-axial chirality transfer or an 8 atropselective transformation of an existing biaryl. Here, we report a highly enantioselective organocatalytic 9 method for the synthesis of atropisomeric biaryls by a cation-directed O-alkylation. Treatment of racemic 1-aryl-210 tetralones with a chiral quinidine-derived ammonium salt under basic conditions in the presence of an alkylating 11 agent leads to atropselective O-alkylation with e.r. up to 98:2. Oxidation with DDQ gives access to C2-symmetric 12 and non-symmetric BINOL derivatives without compromising e.r. We propose that the chiral ammonium 13 counterion differentiates between rapidly equilibrating atropisomeric enolates, leading to highly atropselective O14 alkylation. This dynamic kinetic resolution process offers a general approach to the synthesis of enantioenriched 15 atropisomeric materials. 16 Atropisomerism is a phenomenon whereby restricted rotation about a single bond leads to the formation of 17 stereoisomers. Atropisomerism is a key feature of many natural products, drug molecules and catalysts, and is of 18 increasing importance in all of those fields. Consequently, new methods for the enantioselective synthesis of 19 atropisomeric compounds and especially biaryl derivatives are extremely valuable. The utility and importance of 20 this class of stereoisomer is exemplified by 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL), which represents a privileged architecture 21 in synthetic chemistry. Conventionally, atropisomeric biaryls are synthesised in enantioenriched form through 22 metal-mediated cross coupling, de novo construction of an aromatic ring, point-to-axial chirality transfer or an 23 atropselective transformation of an existing biaryl (Figure 1a). There are also a growing number of metal-free 24 atropselective biaryl syntheses that span these strategic approaches. 25 26 Figure 1. Strategies for the enantioselective synthesis of biaryls. a, Previous approaches to the enantioselective synthesis of biaryls 27 include (i) metal-mediated cross coupling, where enantioselectivity arises in the formation of the biaryl C-C bond, (ii) point-to-axial chirality 28 transfer, where an existing stereocentre in the molecule influences atropselectivity, (iii) atropselective transformation of an existing biaryl by 29 desymmetization, kinetic resolution or dynamic kinetic resolution and (iv) [2+2+2] cycloaddition, where a chiral catalyst controls the union 30 of two fragments to generate a new aromatic ring. b, Previous ammonium salt catalysed amino acid synthesis by enantioselective C31 alkylation of a glycine Schiff base derivative. c, A new approach to the enantioselective synthesis of atropisomeric biaryls by a counterion32 directed O-alkylation. 33 X Y


The paper deals with the Chinese-international education cooperation. The brief overview of structure and current state of international education programs are given. On the example of the Far Eastern State Transport University, the experience of implementing a joint Russian-Chinese educational program for students involved in electric power and electrical engineering education programs is considered. Examples of successful scientific work of Chinese students during their studies in Russia are given.


The present invention is to deliver improved body cleansing performance, describes a user to gently provide a smooth feel oil-in-water emulsion composition for those wiping the moisture, the composition from 0.001% to 5% including emollients, surfactants, parabens antibacterial and sedatives.


Subject: Compulsory English
Course/Class: TYBA
Semester: Term IInd
Paper No: 3017
Topic: The story The Selfish Giant as a story of transformation of selfish Giant into selfless one.
Author is Head Dept of English, MVP Samaj's KGDM Arts, Commerce and Science College Niphad Taluka Niphad Dist. Nashik


Abstract Molecular weight distributions in poly(vinyl chloride) resins have been determined from simple viscosity measurements. Ratio of 11% solution viscosity to intrinsic viscosity yielded a figure which has been correlated with molecular weight distributions obtained (1) from the ratio of weight-average to number-average molecular weights and (2) from gel permeation chromatography. Ratio of viscosities is thus a useful short-cut technique for obtaining approximate molecular weight distributions in poly(vinyl chloride) resins which have 0. 77 < [η] < 1.15 and 1. 6 < ROM < 2. 8.


Combining ability of eight diverse genotypes for yield and foliar disease resistance traits was estimated to assess the type of gene action governing the yield and disease resistance traits and to identify genotypes suitable for use as parents in breeding for high yielding associated with foliar disease resistance. Twenty-eight F1s (excluding reciprocals) from an eight parental diallel cross and their parents were evaluated in a randomized block design. Data were recorded on sixteen traits including morphological, yield and yield traits and foliar disease resistance traits. Highly significant GCA and SCA effects recorded for almost all the studied traits, but the SCA effects were lesser than the GCA effects indicated the additive type of gene action suggested that the selection for high yield and for foliar disease resistance should be effective in early generations. Strong association between parental means and GCA effects for yield and disease resistance traits suggested that the per se performance of the parental line could be used as a predictor of the capability of a line to transmit the foliar disease resistance and yielding traits to its progenies. The parental lines, GPBD 4 and ICG (FDRS) 79 were found to be suitable as good donors in a foliar disease resistance breeding program.


PurposeThis article wants to propose deeper insights and clarifications into the effects of organizational politics which have been at the center of many debates in decision-making literature. For a long time, the debate focused on the negative effects of organizational politics and how to avoid them. This article wants to explore the positive effects of organizational politics and see how this impacts the consensus process in teams moderated by organizational change.Design/methodology/approachThe article model and propositions are grounded in the organisational politics literature. The analysis builds on the "positive" politics literature which has been gaining steam in the last two decades and links this with the consensus literature.FindingsThe article proposes an integrated model which clearly shows how the three core concepts influence each other through the four proposed hypotheses. Organizational politics can help to create more consensus in a team decision-making process, and this can have a positive effect on team performance.Originality/valueThe article aims to expand insights of organizational politics on decision-making by putting the light on possible positive effects of organizational politics. The article addresses the theoretical gap of how organizational politics can impact the consensus process.


This study was intended to analyze the consilience of Caudal Autotomy as a managerial Strategy, emerges to explain the biological phenomenon of Autotomy and its application as transformational in the organizational context process, as well as describe in the documentary panorama, organizational environment in order to characterize the events on the field where they develop the experiences of these spaces was based on assumptions of Kadi and De Pelekais (2014), Dempsey (2009), Sagarin (2013) Robbins (2013), Davis and Newstrom (2003), among others. This research falls under the line management in organizations, within the potential line of human factors, defined as an empirical study – of type analytical, explanatory, non-experimental, and positivist. A direct observation instrument was applied in private organizations. It was concluded that the strategic effect of the organizational autonomy of managers, usually see the mechanism of Defense as the first aspect to be considered to face a situation of threat in an environment, and scenting rooms enables the generation of unpredictable behavior, but a certain order is preserved in such a way that it allows the development strategies for modification of certain conditions with the prediction of some behavior that is beneficial for organizations, employ a distractor effect for their survival in the market, that represent a defensive advantage to their opponents, taking action to preserve its normal state of development and gain advantage.


1 In view of big passenger flow volume and high passenger risk at transfer stations during the 2 peak period, this paper studied the coordination method of urban rail transit network 3 transportation organization from the perspective of capacity matching. The change law of 4 passenger flow was analyzed, and the calculation methods of train remaining carrying capacity, 5 waiting passenger demand and the largest number of people gathered on the platform were 6 determined. The concept of capacity coordination degree (CCD) was proposed, used to 7 describe the matching degree between traffic demand and transport capacity of each line. Based 8 on this, taking the optimal comprehensive CCD of the transfer station as the goal, the first train 9 departure time and train departure interval as decision variables, and guarantee of passenger 10 safety within station as the main constraint, a nonlinear integer programming model of train 11 service plans collaborative optimization was established, and the genetic algorithm was 12 designed. A case study of a two-line intersecting network was carried out. The results show 13 that, after the use of capacity coordination scheme, the total number of running trains increases 14 by only 1, the number of remaining passengers reduces by 68.44%, comprehensive CCD is 15 closer to 1, and the largest number of people gathered in big passenger flow directions 16 decreases by 11.77% and 19.68%, respectively. Transport supply can better meet the passenger 17 demand in all directions, effectively improving the interests of both passengers and operators. 18 19


ABSTRACT CD97 is a member of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors. Alternatively spliced forms of CD97 bind integrins α5β1 and αvβ3, decay accelerating factor, or dermatan sulfate. CD97 is expressed on myeloid cells at high levels and a variety of other cell types at lower levels. Little is known about the physiological function of CD97. To begin dissecting the function of CD97, we evaluated the immune response of CD97 null mice to systemic infection by Listeria monocytogenes. CD97 null mice were significantly more resistant to listeriosis than matched wild-type mice. A major determinant of the difference in survival appeared to be the comparatively more robust accumulation of granulocytes in the blood and in infected livers of CD97 null mice within 18 h of inoculation, correlating with a decrease in the number of bacteria. CD97 null mice also displayed a mild granulocytosis in the nonchallenged state. Because there is a strong suggestion that CD97 functions in an adhesive capacity, we examined the migratory properties of granulocytes in CD97 null mice. In chimeric animals, CD97 null and wild-type granulocytes migrated similarly, as determined by inflammation-induced emigration from the bone marrow and accumulation in the peritoneum. Granulocyte development in the bone marrow of CD97 null mice was comparable to that of wild-type mice, and CD97 deficiency did not appear to stimulate granulocytosis secondary to peripheral inflammation and resultant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction, unlike various other models of adhesion deficiencies. Our results suggest that CD97 plays a role in peripheral granulocyte homeostasis.


Objectives: This study aims to describe and analyze household businesses and formulate a domestic business strategy implemented by women in Indonesia during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Design / Methodology / Approach: This study uses a quantitative approach by using numberic data to prove the hypothesis Research was conducted in May 2021. The sample is determined by purposive sampling with the criteria of research samples by conducting business for a minimum of 1 (one) year and the population of Indonesia is indicated by the address on the Identity Card. To provide solutions to this study, this study uses SWOT analysis which is an analysis used to identify various factors to formulate the company's strategy (Taghavifard et al., 2018).
Findings: The results showed that based on SWOT analysis the position of household businesses is in the second quadrant namely ST (Strength-Threats). ST (Strength-Threats) strategy is a strategy that uses the power of the household business to overcome the threat.  With a focus on marketing mix that includes product, price, place and promotion, the strategy carried out by household businesses is to diversify products, diversify product sizes, increase stock / sales volume by expanding market share, maintain inter-goods services without additional costs and increase promotions through whatsapp as a promotional media that is considered very effective.
Urgency: This study has a high level of urgency especially in the household business sector managed by women. The Covid 19 pandemic has devastated the world economy, not least in Indonesia. Women-run household businesses in Indonesia are trying to survive in the midst of an uncertain economy. To achieve this, it is necessary to know what strategies should be taken to keep household businesses alive in this pandemic era.


Mixed-Integer Formulations for Power Production Problems The unit commitment problem is a complex mixed-integer nonlinear program that originates in the field of power production. Although it arises in a monopolistic system, there is still great attention to this problem even in a free-market regime, where it constitutes only a subproblem of larger ones. Historically, it was usually solved by Lagrangian relaxation methods. However, the advances achieved by commercial solvers of mixed-integer (linear and convex) programming problems have made such approaches an attractive option. T. Bacci, A. Frangioni, C. Gentile, and K. Tavlaridis-Gyparakis present the first mixed-integer nonlinear programming formulation with a polynomial number of both variables and constraints that describes the convex hull of the feasible solutions of the unit commitment problem with a single thermal generation unit, comprising all typical constraints and convex power generation costs. Proving that the formulation is exact requires a new result about the convex envelope of specially structured functions that can have independent interest. This new formulation for a single power generation unit is used to derive three new formulations for the general unit commitment problem whose effectiveness has been tested against the state-of-art formulation.


The effects of conservation treatments on photographic material are a growing concern to many photographic conservators; this concern has been expressed in recent conference proceedings and Journals* . P1 at i num photographs are particularly at risk to acid catalyzed degradation as a result of their fundamental process. The alternative process utilises ferric salts and acid clearing of the images. These two materials can be problematic and may cause the image-holding paper substrate to yellow, changing the visual relationships and impact of the image. Due to their physical composition, "traditional" paper conservation treatments have usually been considered appropriate. However, they have exhibited some unexplained reactions to washing. On occasion, when washed to reduce the discoloured degradation products, the pristine and inherent lustrous surface quality of the photograph has been irretrievably altered. This may very well be the result of a combination of effects: change in the surface quality of the paper, loss of materials important to the paper qualities (ie. sizing), and loss or changes in the platinum distribution. In this research project, I propose to study the effect of aqueous immersion washing times on the distribution of platinum metal in the substrate. This will be done with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis of bulk and nzanagement system and a LINK@ ANIOOOO x-ray and microanalysis instrument. The spectral data will be mathematically analysed and plotted with Microcal8 Origin 4.1. The morphological and spectral information wi I I be compared with densi tomet ry interpretation gained by scanning samples with an UMAXB Powerlook I1 scanner with the image analysis program UTHSCSA 8 1w;age Tool and Inzage-Pro Plus version 4 ,froni Media Cybernetics. Samples will be prepared according to the historical formulas used by photographers at the turn of the century, and will be artificially aged to replicate the characteristic yellow discoloration.


A patient had recurrent falls and vertical gaze limitation at age 61. Purposeless groaning began 4 years later, when he was still ambulant and conversing appropriately, and increased over time (video at Neurology.org). Groaning has been reported previously in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy, when patients have lost ambulation.1 The behavior is thought to reflect frontal-subcortical dysfunction resulting in disinhibition and perseveration.1,2 Studies of frontal-subcortical dementias suggest that the frontal signs result from a disruption of the extensive connections between the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia and other subcortical structures.2 Proper recognition of this entity is important to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatments.1


This paper investigates the main determinants of the market-assessed sovereign risk premium in Romania, measured by the Option-Adjusted Spreads, from 2003 to 2013. The results show that the dynamics of sovereign spreads can be explained by both risk aversion indicators and macroeconomic fundamentals. Domestic fundamentals are found to be significant in explaining those spreads.


Pipeline network analysis(PNA) is a kind of the numerical method to determine the fluid properties such as pressure, flow rate and so forth of the flow through a pipeline network. In terms of the efficiency and economy, the setup of PNA is very important and necessary for calculations of loss, capacity and so forth in the real field pipeline networks. But it is very difficult for us to make resonable PNA model because real pipeline networks are generally very complex and huge. Especially, one of the major problems is that the steady state data could not be obtain in the real field pipeline networks because the networks are always on use. So, in this study, we tried to set up the procedure which can make the reasonable PNA model using unsteady state data in real fields.


Recebido para publicação em 25 de julho de 2012. Aceito em 12 de dezembro de 2012. 189 The main objective of this work was to evaluate the acceptance of jelly and nectars made from araza (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh) and papaya. The following percentages of araza and papaya were, respectively, used: 50:50; 40:60; 30:70 and 20:80. For both pulps and products the variables studied were: acidity, pH, total content of soluble solids. Acceptance tests were conducted for the developed products. An inverse relation was observed between the papaya proportion and the soluble solids content and titratable acidity. The jelly made with skin araza presented higher levels of soluble solids, higher pH and lower titratable acidity compared with those obtained with fruit without the peel. Higher concentrations of papaya pulp improved the acceptance of nectar and jelly in all formulations. It was observed an increased in the acceptance when using araza with skin, until levels of 45% of papaya for the jelly and 24% for the nectar. This was probably due to specific sensorial attributes of the araza skin and it is an indicator for future researches.


The temperature rises at the surface of diagnostic ultrasound transducers in air and in contact with a tissue-equivalent phantom have been compared. Twenty-five transducers from seven different manufacturers were studied in imaging and pulsed Doppler modes. Comparisons were made between the temperature rise at 200 s 'in air' and 'on phantom' using two standard tissue mimicking materials (TMMs). Temperature rises in contact with the phantom (ΔTp) were always lower than those in air (ΔTa). Using a phantom that included a 1·5-mm silicone rubber layer to mimic the skin, the relative temperature rises ΔTp/ΔTa varied from 43 to 87 % with an average of 60%. The two TMMs gave comparable temperature rises despite their different compositions. Relative temperature rise depended slightly on frequency (2·5% MHz−1) and was higher on average in imaging mode than in pulsed Doppler mode. Linear relationships were observed between temperature rise and acoustic power, and relative temperature rise and silicone rubber thickness (∼11.5% mm−1). The phantoms gave rise to broadly similar temperature rises to those on skin, although the 1·5-mm silicone rubber skin-mimic layer may give a slight over-estimate of temperature rise for some transducers.


As social organizations independent of government and private sector,NGOs can play important roles in natural disaster rescue and post-disaster reconstruction.Based on the excellent performance of various types of NGOs home and aboard in the Sichuan 5.12 earthquake rescue,this article summarizes their important roles in mobilizing and collecting so-cial resources,offering flexible and effective social aiding services for disaster area people and etc.,analyzes their develop-ment difficulties and regulation issues in china,and puts forward some relevant policy suggestions.


Spherical crystallization and crystal agglomeration have been used to optimize compact crystals and functional properties of powders. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of spherical crystallization of acetylsalicylic acid crystals and crystal agglomeration of Manihotesculenta starch on direct compression tablet. Typical spherical crystallization using three solvent system of water–ethanol-carbon tetrachloride was used to produce spherical acetylsalicylic acid. Salting-out agglomeration of gelling in water and salting in ethanol was used to produce starch-xerogel from Manihotesculenta starch. The modified products were qualified using FT-IR analysis. The analysis results showed that modification did not alter chemical nature of the products. Acetylsalicylic acid tablets were formulated using spherical-crystallizedacetylsalicylic acid with 5 and 10% w/w starch-xerogel respectively, and using acetylsalicylic acid with 5 and 10% w/w of starch, and microcrystalline cellulose respectively. The physicochemical properties of the tablets were evaluated. Astatistical 23 factorial design of the tablet properties at 5% level of significance showed that the effects of the variables are different. Theacetylsalicylic acid tablets formulated from direct compression of spherical-crystallizedacetylsalicylic acid with 5 % w/w starch-xerogel produced quality tablets comparable to standard tablets from direct compression of acetylsalicylic acid with10 % w/w microcrystalline cellulose. Spherical crystallization and crystal agglomeration optimized the compact crystals of starch and acetylsalicylic acid, and improved direct compression properties of the crystals, and drug release from tablet.


The theory of Li Yu′s opera theory is divided into two parts according to the logical order from the play writing to the stage performances: lyric music part and rehearsal part.Li Yu skillfully and organically combines the two.When commenting the play writing,it always parades around the core of the performance;and when saying opera performances,he premises the script creation of quality with the uniqueness of his distinctive Identify of the art of opera theory as the reflection standard of stage performances of opera.


The invention discloses the spanner that the docking of a kind of tool turns to handle structure, it comprises one first lever and one second lever docks with the use angle changing Wrench head that is pivoted relative to each other with its end male-female engagement, wherein, this is first years old, a locating part buckle is provided with spacing between second lever, mutual slippage when avoiding this two lever to rotate and throwing off, and this first, there is between second lever a clamping piece blocking fix, the force blocking direction of this clamping piece be along vertical this first, one radial direction of the second lever end bearing of trend is carried out blocking and is fixed, and it is crossing with the direction of this spanner spinning force, efficient hardening first, the locating effect of the second lever, reach and obviously promote the object that tool docking turns to the operational stability of the spanner of handle structure.


The invention provides a method and device for controlling a bionic robotic fish joint. The method includes: obtaining a difference value between a current first angle and a preset second angle of a bionic robotic fish joint; according to current output power of a joint motor and the current first angle of the bionic robotic fish joint, using a fuzzy controller to adjust a current proportionality coefficient of a PID controller, thereby obtaining an adjusted proportionality coefficient, the joint motor being used for driving the bionic robotic fish joint; according to the adjusted proportionality coefficient, performing PID control on the difference value, thereby obtaining standard torque; and controlling the joint motor to drive the bionic robotic fish joint, enabling torque of the bionic robotic fish joint to be the standard torque, and executing a step of obtaining the difference value again. Through the scheme provided by the invention, propulsive efficiency of a robotic fish can be improved.


thlrough a satisfactory educationial career. In these circumstances I maintain that every osteopatl, chiropractor, or other cultist who wislhes to pr-actise in this country ought to go through similar couirses of instructioln before being licensed to practise the healinig art. In this coninexion it appears to me that instead of the Legislature making possible the licensing of osteopaths in a very limited form of practice, the Medical Acts ought to be so strenigthened that it would not be possible for the community to be treated by them or anly other unqualified charlatan or quack. From a practical point of view it appears to me that the members of the community ought to be educated as to the real position and the nature of the practice of osteopaths, chiropractors, and other cultists. This might be effected by making instruction in general and personal hygiene compulsory in our sclhools. A small textbook on the subject should be available, and it ought not to be impossible to arrange that a course of instruction on this subject should be given in all our elementary schools. The Legislature, through its Education Acts and by its medical officers, makes periodical examinations of school children as regards their general health, teeth, mentality, and so on. If this is possible, surely it would be an easy matter to arrange that a course of instruction such as outlined above should be given by its medical officers. In a similar manner a course of instruction should be given in our secondary and public schools, and an appropriate textbook provided. By means of instruction of this kind at an early stage 'of an individual's career he might be taught to have a definite and correct opinion as regards disease and the proper methods of its treatment. Some people have advocated that the medical profession should undertake a scheme of propaganda by film, lecture, and otherwise for the education of the public and their protection from uniqualified medical practi-tioners. This might be very desirable, but it does not appear to me that it ought to be carried out necessarily by some organization or other of the medical profession, since this profession would lay itself open to the criticism that it is a trust which is trying to protect itself. It should be Adone, if considered advisable, either by the General Medical Council in a manner similar to that carried out for the education of the community in dentistry by the Dental Board, or by the Ministry of Health. Perhaps the latter body is the imor'e correct one for this purpose, since the General Medical Council is primarily concerned with education and registration; and unless provision is made for the purpose does not possess the necessary funds.


Prototype partitioning is an often-overlooked step in the product development process that has great potential for improving project success. This paper discusses the importance of applying a systematic prototype partitioning strategy to a product development project. Quite often, prototypes are chosen based on historical reasons, with the premise that requirements are rigid and inflexible. Alternatively, a method is proposed here for prescribing a partitioning strategy that is tailored to the specific characteristics of a project and is based upon the three components of requirement flexibility: cost, schedule, and performance. By considering the realistic flexibility in these requirements, strategic prototyping decisions may be made to promote the success of a development project. Three product development applications illustrate the proposed method: the Black & Decker SnakeLight™, a senior-level design project at the United State Air Force Academy, and the product development of a new umbrella concept based on compliant components.© 2004 ASME


Seismic surveys along Nankai trough have revealed that the out-of sequence thrusts (OSTs) are commonly developed within the accretionary wedge branching from seismogenic subduction plate boundaries. The OSTs are also recognized in on-land accretionary complexes as large thrust faults cutting paleo-thermal structures. The Nobeoka fault is one of the OSTs recognized in on-land accretionary complex, the Shimato Belt, Kyusyu. The fault bounds the northern and the southern Shiamnto Belt and the gap in paleo-thermal temperature is up to 70 degree C. The Nobeoka thrust strikes almost EW at coastline close to Nobeoka city. The Cretaceous Makimine formation and Paleogene Kitagawa formation are located at the hanging wall of the fault, comprising mainly of pelitic schist. The footwall of the fault is the Paleogene Hyuga formation composed mainly of shale. A lot of micro-faults are well developed just below the thrust for a few hundred meters to the south. Those micro faults are considered to be related to the Nobeoka thurst because slip direction and sense of the micro-fault is consistent with that of the Nobeoka thrust. The micro-faults are commonly accompanied with mineral veins of quartz and ankerite. Yamaguchi et al. (2010) suggested that the differences of mineral veins are possibly related to the seismic cycle. In this study, we conducted stress inversion analysis for the micro-faults to examine the change in stress, which might be related to the seismic cycle. We divided the micro-fault into two as a micro-fault with quartz vein and that with ankerite veins. From the micro-fault, we obtained the slip direction from slicken lines and slip sense by slicken steps. We used (hough inversion method) by Yamaji et al. to estimate the stress for each. The stress ratio (F) is expressed as (sigma2 - sigma3) / (sigam1 ? sigma 3). Two stress orientations and three stress orientations are observed in the results for ankerite veins and quartz veins, re-spectively. For ankerite veins, SE oriented and relatively higher dipping sigma3 with axial extension of F and SE oriented and relatively lower dipping sigma1 with axial compression are identified. For quartz veins, SE oriented and relatively higher dipping sigma3 with axial extension, NE oriented and almost horizontal sigma1 with triaxial stress ratio, and NW oriented and lower dipping sigma1 with axial compression are observed. After examination to detect reasonable stresses from them, we concluded that the NW-SE oriented and lower dipping sigma1 with axial compression is the most adequate stress for ankerite and quartz veins. In comparison between the two stresses for ankerite veins and quartz veins, the angle of sigma1 is relatively higher in quartz veins and the stress ratio is also larger for quartz veins. Those differences between them are pretty well consistent with the dynamic Coulomb model suggested by Wang and Hu (2006). The model predicts that the stress within accretionary wedge can be change with seismic cycle, horizontal sigma1 with axial compression at the co-seismic slip and relatively higher dipping sigma1 with relatively triaxial stress in inter-seimsic period. The result from the study can be explained by the dynamic Coulomb wedge model.


The invention discloses a method for asymmetric synthesis of levorotation menthol. The method comprises the following steps: citral is taken as an initial raw material, a dihydropyridine derivant is taken as a negative hydrogen source, chiral amine serves as a chiral auxiliary agent for catalytic and asymmetric hydrogenization synthesis of dextrorotation citronellal, the dextrorotation citronellal is catalyzed by Lewis acid for ring-closing synthesis of levorotation isopulegol, and the levorotation isopulegol is subject to catalytic hydrogenation to finally produce the levorotation menthol. The total yield of the levorotation menthol produced by adopting the method is larger than 60 percent, and the ee (enantiomeric excess) value is larger than 90 percent. The method has the characteristics of mild reaction conditions, simple synthetic process, simplicity in catalyst preparation, convenience in catalyst recovery and the like and is suitable for large-scale industrial production of levorotation menthol.


Most children will love dinosaurs, whether in a book, as fossils, in museums or in cartoons. They are the perfect topic and resource for endless outdoor activities that can easily be linked to all areas of learning.


The new method of pitch detection based on morphological filtering and Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT)was proposed.Noisy speech signals were filtered by the morphological filter to remove noises and highlight pitch,and then HHT was employed to get the Hilbert-Huang spectrum and calculate instantaneous energy and its derivative.The moment of glottal opening and closing can be located accurately through mutation of instantaneous energy,so variation of pitch periods can be tracked accurately.Compared with other traditional methods of pitch detection,the proposed method truely describes the non-stationary and non-linear characteristics of speech signals,and its analysis on voice signals is an adaptive process.The experimental results show that the method gives strong noise immunity and can accurately detect pitch of speech signals in low SNR.


Formulation of the problem. When designing waveguides, spatial solutions are often in demand. However, from a methodological (including educational) point of view, mostly linear-extended structures with various sectional shapes are considered. The aim of this work is to consider a waveguide as a structure composed of segments bent in a plane with a certain radius. On the other hand, this solution is common for a plane-oriented waveguide path and, in the case of an infinitely large radius, converges to a solution for a straight waveguide. Practical significance. The presented solution of the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic waves in an annular (segmentedannular) waveguide can be considered as a methodological basis for calculating a spatially oriented rectangular waveguide path. A step-by-step solution of the Helmholtz equation for a bent rectangular waveguide is presented; a methodology for determining the parameters of the electromagnetic field in a bent homogeneous waveguide is given. Expressions are derived for determining the parameters of the electromagnetic field components for waves of type E and H. General solutions are obtained that converge at an infinitely large bending radius to harmonic functions characteristic of solutions as applied to rectilinear waveguides. This technique can be applied both for analytical evaluation or numerical calculation and spatial modeling of waveguide parameters, and for designing the waveguide path as a whole. The presence of relatively simple analytical expressions greatly facilitates the task of analyzing and optimizing the waveguide path and building software and computing systems for their assessment, modeling and development.


A new baby. A cancer diagnosis. A parent or child with a serious illness. These are common events that require a worker to take an extended leave from work. Most everyone at some point will experience a period during which they need time to heal or to care for a loved one. Yet, for many workers, taking time from work means losing wages and, for some, it means losing their job. The United States remains an outlier when it comes to paid leave. Most countries provide paid maternity leave and most advanced industrial countries offer extended paid medical and parental leaves. In 2015, only 12% of all U.S. workers had access to paid family leave from their employers, 38% had access to short-term disability leave, and 65% had paid sick leave.


An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of vermicompost on the growth, yield and nutrient contents of cucumber grown under the glasshouse conditions. This experiment was performed in completely randomized design with five replications. The base medium (control) was selected to be a mixture of 75% farm soil with 25% sand that had been substituted with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% by volume of cow manure vermicompost. The highest leaf area, stem numbers, stem and root dry weight, fruit yield, and chlorophyll content were resulted from substitution of base medium with10 and 20% vermicompost that were significantly different from control (P≤0.05). Further, increase in the vermicompost content of the base medium, reduced the stem height, leaf area, stem dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Plant yield was the lowest in the 50% and 60% vermicompost medium. Shoot macro and micro-nutrient content such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, and copper increased significantly in response to the increase in vermicompost ratio from 0 to 60%, therefore, the lowest and the highest of these nutrient contents were observed in the control and 60% vermicompost, respectively, and even in some cases, nutrients content reached the toxic levels.


Solitary nodule of thyroid can present in wide spectrum ranging from true solitary nodule or dominant nodule or ectopic thyroid tissue and have a varied presentation and diagnostic and therapeutic modalities differ from patient to patient. The aim of the study is to review the incidence data, observe clinical presentation, rate of malignant nodules, confirm role of surgery as the therapeutic tool and role of histopathology in managing the patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study of solitary nodule of thyroid patients presenting in Department of General Surgery at Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, between period of 3 yrs between June2015 to June2018. Results: Out of 112 patients who presented as goitre 22 patients was found to have SNG of these 15 cases were SNG and 7 cases had multinodular goitre. In true SNG group 2 patients had malignancy of these 12 patients was treated with Total thyroidectomy, 6 patients with hemithyroidectomy and 2 patients, with small nodule is treated conservatively and 2 patients not willing for any treatment. Conclusion: In this study 11.4% of SNT is found to be malignant and males are more prone for malignancy and more common among extremes of age. FNAC is a gold standard investigation and accuracy of diagnosing SNT is 94% Hemithyroidectomy acts as diagnostic method as well as minimal and therapeutic procedure in SNT. A selective surgical policy should be practised to resect SNT.


A novel super-polished adaptive bimorph mirror has been developed, which provides variable focal distance and local figure control in the sub-nm range. The optic has the potential to generate distortion-free beams and enable dynamical focusing and wavefront control. We present results of this optic, including ex-situ characterisation of the surface topography using the Diamond-NOM, and in-situ investigation using synchrotron light at Diamond's B16 Test beamline. The wavefront properties of the mirror have also been studied using at-wavelength metrology methods based on X-ray speckle tracking.


Due to the need for energy conservation in buildings and the simultaneous benefit of cost savings, the development of a low firing rate load modulating residential oil burner is very desirable. One of the two main requirements of such a burner is the development of a burner nozzle that is able to maintain the particle size distribution of the fuel spray in the desirable (small) size range for efficient and stable combustion. The other being the ability to vary the air flow rate and air distribution around the fuel nozzle in the burner for optimal combustion at the current fuel firing rate. In this paper, which deals with the first requirement, we show that by using pulse width modulation in the bypass channel of a commercial off-the-shelf bypass nozzle, this objective can be met. Here we present results of spray patterns and particle size distribution for a range of fuel firing rates. The results show that a desirable fuel spray pattern can be maintained over a fuel firing rate turndown ratio (Maximum Fuel Flow Rate/Minimum Fuel Flow Rate) of 3.7. Thus here we successfully demonstrate the ability to electronically vary the fuel firing rate by more than a factor of 3 while simultaneously maintaining good atomization.


The aim of this diploma thesis is to acquaint readers with problems regarding to know-how protection. The work solves problems dealing with a posible of know-how protection in the society. The work is divided into two main parts both theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part I acquaint readers with concepts, reasons and a substance of know-how protection. In the practical part I present offered mays of know-how protection by detective services. I try to outline here a model way of know-how protection in the setting of the concrete society. I have drawn my evaluation from given methods.


The virus which has first appeared in China and called COVID-19 has spread to all around the world in a short span of time. In order to avoid spreading the virus, most of the countries have taken some measures. In this context, some of the business places have been closed and some sector activities have been stoped. Flights are cancelled, wedding venues, restaurants and cafes are closed temporarily. It is inevitable that all these occurrences lead to some legal problems. In this article, the effect of COVID-19 to the debt relationships are reviewed. The possible results of the violation of the debt relationship by the debtor are examined. In this context, a general consideration is made within the scope of the obligations law's general rules that are applied to all the debt relationships, such as the force majeure, the adjustment of contracts and the default. Considering their importance, rent contracts, private school contracts and construction contracts are separately discussed.


Abstract : The goal of the experiment was to produce nonlinear optical phase conjugation (NOPC) in fluorescein-doped boric acid glass and in BSO, and to use two-wave mixing (TWM) in BSO to transfer energy between laser beams. Next, the parameters that affect these processes were to be examined. The parameters measured for phase conjugation were the power and intensity of the various beams, angles between the beams, orientation of the BSO crystal, sample thickness and concentration, polarization and wavelength of the incident beams. A Argon Ion and a HeCd laser were used in the experiment. Phase conjugation was produced in BSO at all wavelengths available; 441.6 nm, 457.9 nm, 476.5 nm, 488.0 nm, and 514.5 nm. In fluorescein-doped boric acid, phase conjugation was produced at all wavelengths but 514.5 nm.


The methodical and physical bases of the use of active thermography as a high-performance non-destructive method of control and defectoscopy of materials during thermovision monitoring of technological equipment at NPP objects are considered. The data of experimental research confirm the efficiency of the use of thermal and low-frequency electromagnetic activators in the thermographic defectoscopy. The features of the application of dynamic thermography and the influence of external activation sources on the thermal appearance of structural inhomogeneities and defects in materials are investigated. It is shown that the application of special methods of processing thermal images that take into account the amplitude-frequency and morphological features of thermoanomalies, allows to control the thermal display of energy-absorbing structures and defects, provide the possibility of their identification against the background of false thermoanomalies.


The recognition of continuous, natural signing is very challenging due to the multimodal nature of the visual cues (fingers, lips, facial expressions, body pose, etc.), as well as technical limitations such as spatial and temporal resolution and unreliable depth cues. On the other hand, signing gestures are designed to be robustly discernible. We therefore argue in favor of an integrative approach to sign language recognition that aims to extract sufficient aggregate information for robust sign language recognition, even if many of the individual cues are unreliable. Our strategy to implement such an integrated system currently rests on two modules, for which we will show initial results. The first module uses active appearance models for detailed face tracking, allowing the quantification of facial expressions such as mouth and eye aperture and eyebrow raise. The second module is dedicated to hand tracking using color and appearance. A third module will be concerned with tracking upper-body articulated pose, linking the face to the hands for increased overall robustness.


In order to fulfil the task of changing the students' ways of learning in the curriculum reform,and to strengthen learning ability of learners,we should attach more attention to the improvement students' self-efficacy and cyclic model of self-determinative learning.


A quantitative GLC determination of each α-[4-(1-oxo-2-isoindolinyl)phenyl]propionic acid enantiomer in human plasma after oral administration of the racemate is described. After extraction and purification of the extract through partition steps, the substances were converted to the diastereoisomeric amides via the acid chlorides. These derivatives were separated and quantitated by GLC. The sensitivity limit is 0.3 μg of each enantiomer/ml plasma. In the concentration range of 0.62–5.00 μg/ml plasma, the percent recovery (± standard deviation) of the d- and l-enantiomer was 67.51 ± 3.11 and 67.44 ± 3.14, respectively, whereas the coefficients of variation of the ratios between these recoveries and those of the internal standard were 1.03 and 1.05%, respectively.


The computer requirements of a Department of Radiotherapy are indicated. A computer system is being developed which will meet these requirements. The system presently incorporates both an on-line tumor registry and an interactive, graphicallyoriented, treatment-planning capability. The system uses a dedicated PDP 11 computer. With this system the radiotherapist will query the registry for plans associated with maximum success in similar cases. He will then interactively adapt this plan to the needs of a specific patient.


In this study, the effects of C/P ratio, SRT, temperature and nitrate concentration on the phosphorus removal efficiency of KSDeN™ process (KOWACO-Ssangyong DeNutrient process) was investigated with a pilot plant, which is fed with the grit chamber effluent of `J` MWWTP (Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process). During the operating period, T-P removal efficiency was more than 80% at C/P ratio (TCOD_Cr/T-P ratio) of 35 or above, and it was higher at relatively low temperature and high C/P ratio. At SRT (Sludge Retention Time)`s of 3-28 days, phosphorus removal efficiency increased up to 90% until the SRT reached 20 days. The phosphorus removal efficiency decreased rapidly with more than 20 days of SRT, which showed that the optimal SRT is 20 days for the T-P removal of KSDeN™ process. Effluent T-P concentration increased with increasing temperature. It is considered that the competition on organic compounds between PAOs (Phosphorus Accumulating Organisms) and denitrifiers resulted in lowering T-P removal by activating nitrifiers at 15℃ or above. The release of phosphorus was influenced by nitrate concentration in anaerobic/anoxic tank. When the nitrate concentration was higher than 2 ㎎/L, the release of phosphorus was disturbed by denitrifiers. SCOD and PO^3-_4-P profile with each reactors of KSDeN™ process showed typical behavior of phosphorus release and luxury uptake by PAOs.


Peripheral nerve blocks can be used routinely in an outpatient setting. The innervation of the face and the technique we use to perform nerve blocks are reviewed. We present four cases of skin cancer and one of rhinophyma in which nerve blocks were used to minimize the discomfort associated with local anesthesia.


The autoregressive Cauchy estimator uses the sign of the first lag as instrumental variable (IV); under independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) errors, the resulting IV t-type statistic is known to have a standard normal limiting distribution in the unit root case. With unconditional heteroskedasticity, the ordinary least squares (OLS) t statistic is affected in the unit root case; but the paper shows that, by using some nonlinear transformation behaving asymptotically like the sign as instrument, limiting normality of the IV t-type statistic is maintained when the series to be tested has no deterministic trends. Neither estimation of the so-called variance profile nor bootstrap procedures are required to this end. The Cauchy unit root test has power in the same 1/T neighborhoods as the usual unit root tests, also for a wide range of magnitudes for the initial value. It is furthermore shown to be competitive with other, bootstrap-based, robust tests. When the series exhibit a linear trend, however, the null distribution of the Cauchy test for a unit root becomes nonstandard, reminiscent of the Dickey-Fuller distribution. In this case, inference robust to nonstationary volatility is obtained via the wild bootstrap.


Background. ICD-11 implementation will start in early 2022 in WHO member countries, including Russia. This process should be preceded not only by the official translation and wide distribution of ICD-11 statistical classification and diagnostic guidelines but also by clinicians training. For recent years ICD-11 development and innovations in the diagnosis of mental disorders were in the focus of attention of mental health professionals in all over the world.
Objectives. This online survey aimed to identify the current views of the Russian psychiatric community on the upcoming implementation of ICD-11.
Methods. A survey was composed in a Google form and circulated through the website of the Russian Society of Psychiatrists and other professional networks. Statistical and narrative analysis was provided. The sample was represented by 148 psychiatrists working in inpatient or outpatient clinical settings.
Results. Expectations for the classification of mental disorders reported by the respondents were wider than the current purpose of ICD-10. In general, the Russian psychiatrists expressed their interests to forthcoming ICD-11 implementation. Positive attitudes to ICD-11 innovations were associated with the familiarity with the ICD-11 draft.
Conservative or negative views were related to longer years of clinical experience. Early carrier psychiatrists were more practically oriented than old school clinicians.
Conclusion. This survey may help to promote the ICD-11 by focusing on its advantages for clinical practice and develop targeted training programs.


SOME softgels PROTECTED DESCRIBED WITH 1 to 20 mg / cm2 of an enteric ESSENTIALLY PROTECTOR weighing 60 to 90% of a copolymer 1: 1 acid methacrylate and acrylate methyl or ethyl or ethyl methacrylate or methyl and 10 TO 40% plasticizer selected from the group consisting TRIACENTINO CITRATE triethyl phthalate dibutyl or mixture thereof, WITHOUT THE NEED FOR A SUBPROTECTOR, and optionally an additional protective WITH 1 TO 10 MG / CM2, comprising 60 to 90% by weight of a cellulose derivative ES hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or cellulose HIDROXIPROPLILO or mixture thereof, and 10 to 40% of a plasticizer selected from a cONSISTENT GROUP TRIACETINO, polyethyleneglycol with a molecular weight of 400 to 3350, pROPYLENE GLYCOL, dibutyl phthalate, CITRATE triethyl glycerin and diacetylated monoglycerides or mixture. DESCRIBED preparation method.


A Q-switched fibre laser operating at 1500 nm is proposed and demonstrated. The laser uses a saturable absorber (SA) based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to generate Q-switched pulses, while a 30-m-long depressed-cladding erbium-doped fibre (DC-EDF) provides the necessary gain in the desired wavelength region. The proposed laser has lasing and pulsed thresholds of 30 mW and 50 mW respectively, along with a maximum output power, pulse energy and peak power of 0.5 mW, 7.6 nJ and 2.2 mW. Additionally, the output of the system also has a maximum repetition rate of 59.4 kHz with the shortest pulse duration measured at 3.4 μs. The output pulses are smooth and uniform, with no indication of self mode-locking.


These notes are being written in Cambodia, in March, 1965. Bangkok airport as I passed through was shrill with American jet-fighters; on the observation deck of the airport a small group of United States officers was watching the planes disappear into the heat-hazed skies of late spring. The atmosphere is heavy and the voices of the Thai air-hostesses tense; soon the storms of summer will sweep across Southeast Asia. Beyond the eastern frontier of Cambodia, the United States is steadily escalating the South Vietnamese war; massive air attacks against targets north of the 17th parallel are under way.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Objective Probing the curative effect of Naloxone in cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation(CPCR) for all kinds of cardiopulmonary arrests by different cause of disease.Methods The patients who are under cardiopulmonary arrests with cardiac or/and cerebral vascular disease,in all kinds of poisoning,in shock,injured by electricity,stifled or with no obvious cause were divided into two groups in random.Each group had 25 samples.The patients in one group were treated with Naloxone;those in the compared group were not.Both of the two group members were treated with external chest compressions,endotracheal intubations,machine ventilation,defibrillation,drugs by I.V.routes(Epinephrine,Atropine,Lidocaine and so on),supporting and suiting remedy to the illness.The patients of the group with Naloxone were given Naloxone I.V.dripped in 5% glucose or 0.9% sodium chloride injection(250ml).Then we observed the reactions in CPCR of two group patients.Results There are 17 patients made successful recoveries in the group with naloxone(the success ratio:68.0%),while there were 10 patients made successful recoveries in the compared group(the success ratio:40.0%).The success ratio in resuscitation of the group with naloxone was obvious higher than that in the compared group.There was a remarkable difference between the two groups by dealing through statistical method.Conclusions Naloxone can work efficiently when applied in CPCR for cardiopulmonary arrests.It can enhance the success ratio in CPCR remarkably.


Objectives: Postgraduate training programme leading to MD (Medicine) encourages trainees to do research during their training period and a research project is a mandatory component for senior registrar training period in General Medicine. Postgraduate trainees' perceptions towards clinical research and factors associated with their enthusiasm to participate in research were assessed in the present study. Method: A self administered questionnaire was sent to 110 trainees between March 2011 and June 2011 to collect descriptive data on resources available for research, perceptions and research productivity. Results: Response rate was 72%. Of the senior registrars, 71% were of the view that the research should be a mandatory component in training programme. Non availability of a research curriculum and lack of financial support were the two main institutional barriers to undertaking research identified by the trainees. Lack of time due to heavy clinical commitments and inadequacy of research training were identified as the two main personal obstacles. The opportunities for trainees to receive formal training and the research productivity were found to be inadequate. Conclusions: In order to achieve maximum benefits from the research component, it should be supported with a formal training in research, research curriculum, protected time and good mentorship. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jccp.v42i1-2.4549 Journal of the Ceylon College of Physicians, 2011, 42 , 16-20


The objective of this research was to study the genetic dissimilarity among sixteen cotton cultivars. Nine agronomic and fiber technology characters were evaluated. Considering these data, it was estimated the Mahalanobis' distance (D2ij) between a pair of genotypes, the number of varieties groups found in Tocher s technique and the plot of the first two canonical variables, as well as the relative contribution of each character. Based on D2ij, the most divergent cultivars were BRS Jatoba and FM 977. The multivariate methods were congruent in their results. The ascendant order of importance of the evaluated characters were: length uniformity; reflectance; lint yield; lint strength; yellowness; micronaire; upper-half mean length; lint percentage and plant height.


Introduction: The oral cavity is a rare location for the development of primary malignant melanoma. The most common primary lesion sites are the palate and gingiva. Cutaneous malignant melanomas constitute the majority of cases. Non cutaneous malignant melanomas are mainly seen in choroidal layer of the eye, mucosal surface of the upper respiratory tract, gastro-intestinal & genito- urinary tract.. Primary malignant melanoma originating in the oral cavity is a very rare entity ranging from 0.2% to 8.0% of all malignant melanoma cases. Case Presentation: A 60 year old female hindu patient from a rural background presented to our hospital with the complain of a dark coloured lesion in the tongue for 3-4 months. There were no cutaneous lesions suggestive of malignant melanoma over the rest of her body. The biopsy of the tongue lesion revealed a histopathology consistent with primary malignant melanoma which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry.MR scan of tongue and neck was performed. Chest radiograph, abdominal sonography and computed tomography of chest and whole abdomen revealed no definite distal metastatic lesions. She received composite resection of the tumor on the right side of the tongue and right functional neck dissection followed by radiotherapy. Conclusion: The principle treatment for primary tongue melanoma is wide surgical excision. Early diagnosis will be promoted by careful oral examination and early biopsy of pigmented and non-pigmented masses. We reviewed the published reports in the English literature since 1970 and fewer than 30 cases of primary tongue melanoma were presented. We present a case report and a review of the relevant literature.


A new variational principle that applies to a wide class of electromagnetic problems is presented. This principle has the distinctive characteristic of always producing linear algebraic equations when the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is applied using a trial field composed of a linear combination of variational parameters. The new technique is applied to a general class of antenna problems, and is specialized to the case of a dielectrically coated slot antenna. Experimentally observed admittance values at X band are presented and compared with theoretical predictions.


With the development of the network, internet security is becoming a hot research topic. The vulnerabilities existed in protocol implementations may be exploited by malicious attackers and cause serious problems. So it is necessary to do research in the vulnerability mining of network protocol. This paper presents an efficient approach for detecting the flaws of network protocols based on fuzzing. A fuzzer is built by extending an intelligent tool-Sulley, aiming to test the FTP and modify its weaknesses which are unable to solve the loop structure. Then, we apply the way to three FTP servers. The results show that the approach can easily find vulnerabilities of protocol implementation.


The three papers in this section adopt different approaches to the issue of music in evolution and its relationship to behaviors of species other than humans. McDermott and Hauser present the results of an empirical study that demonstrates that tamarins exhibit neither a preference for consonant over dissonant musical sounds nor an aversion to a sound that humans find extremely unpleasant, concluding that a preference for consonant over dissonant sounds may be a species-specific—and musicspecific—trait in humans. Merker gives a general account of the developmental trajectory of vocal learning in birds in the context of a discussion of ritual—as opposed to instrumental—behavior, rooting an account of the origins of music in the human capacity for highly developed conformal or imitative behavior. Fitch provides a broad and original treatment of the evolutionary origins of music that makes insightful use of comparative data; in the course of his discussion, he identifies a crucial and as yet virtually unexplored research question, that of the origins of human rhythmic behaviors, suggesting that "African ape percussive behavior...may...indicate a potential precursor of human instrumental music." McDermott and Hauser explore continuities in "musical" perception between nonhuman species and humans by investigating whether tamarins are sensitive to a distinction between consonant and dissonant sounds. In part, this is motivated by findings that human infants reliably discriminate between consonant and dissonant sounds, and that this capacity might well be innate. However, from the fact that human infants are capable of distinguishing between types of sounds, it does not follow that such discriminations necessarily reflect mature musical (or, for that matter, linguistic) usages that may in part be the consequence of processes of enculturation. As has been demonstrated,1 infants may exhibit sensitivities to aspects of musical structures, to which adults who have extensive (though informal) musical experience in particular cultures may not be sensitive. In order to investigate cross-specific perceptual continuities that would bear on the issue of the roots of the human faculty for music, it would seem necessary to identify classes of perceptual sensitivities that are essentially musical within a wide range of cultures. Alternatively, one might seek to distinguish contexts for the exercise of perceptual judgment that reflect commonalities of cross-cultural musical practices and investigate the existence of analogues of such contexts in the behavioral ecologies of nonhuman species.


We examined the efficiency of farm-to-plant milk collection in western Ohio. Results suggest that mileage reductions of 10% are possible by reordering farm stops while collecting loads of milk. A further 3% reduction is possible by moving dairy farms between loads. When examining efficiencies, guaranteed lowest mileage (GLM) and heuristic algorithms were used to generate schedules. Heuristic algorithms account for about 80% of the mileage reductions identified by GLM algorithms. GLM algorithms are computationally feasible for ordering farm stops while collecting milk loads. However, heuristic algorithms must be relied on for moving dairy farms between loads.


In this research a successfull analysis of the monthly mean of Khassa Chay stream flow record for the period (1941-2001) was adopted, then the Markove Autoregressive AR model was fitted to the resulted stochastic component of the seies, then suitable tests were done to detect the order of the model. Also another decision whether the parameter of this model should be constant or periodic was decided after testing the model. The parameters of this model were found and used to generate the monthly flow for 56 years ahead. It was concluded that Markove AR scheme is adequate to describe the structure of the monthly mean Khassa chay stream flow and the periodic type of this model is more realistic than the constant type because the high sensitivity to errors.


As the biggest contributor for global environmental concerns construction industry has under gone through many transformations in the recent pass. During last quarter of the millennium principles for building design has been re interpreted forcing the design processes to evolve accordingly. Standards were introduced globally to evaluate the performance of the buildings considering its life cycle. There are many aspects covered in these standards and embodied energy of a building is one of the factors accepted by most of the accepted standardization systems. Salvaged material of dilapidated buildings has gone through its intended life span making it minimal when it comes to calculating embodied energy of the material. This study is a review of an experimental construction project which explored the potentials using salvaged material for contemporary construction. The emphasis is given to practical implementations affecting the practice using quantities as a parameter. Methodology is of few steps. Initially an unpretentious tabulation of building material demand is estimated in accordance with British Standards. Second step is to identify the potentials opportunities to use salvaged materials based on theoretical parameters. Conventional construction cost of an item is taken down as an upper sealing limitation to use any material. If the salvaged product is expensive than the conventional material it is to be taken as a limitation which excludes the usage of the material. Finally, the construction of the house is to go ahead. The materials which actually used are also tabulated against estimate with reasoning for the deviations. The outcomes are mixed results, which revealed unexpected potentials and limitations Keywords— Salvaged Materials, Contemporary Construction, Architecture


The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic radiology has raised fears for the future of the radiology workforce, but on the contrary it opens an exciting new frontier for the specialty. Taking two examples: Stanford's ChexNet software boasts the ability to detect pneumonia on chest X-rays more reliably than consultant radiologists, the first 'superhuman' software to achieve this; while Qure's qER triages head computed tomography to ensure that …


Abstract
Identifying people, whether through facial or biometric recognition, is associated with
services that are beginning to be deployed around the world, whether in a public place, a
large or small business, or even a simple condominium, for greater control. and organization
in the active environment. However, the process to accomplish this type of task requires
the involvement of new technologies, skilled people and adequate financial investment.
Regarding costs, you can have a variation according to the purpose of the application and
its place of operation, from a small bakery, to a large football stadium, for example. The
main objective of this work is to analyze different types of facial detection and recognition
algorithms for Facial Biometrics activity, aiming to show the interaction and differences of
these algorithms. Some facial recognition algorithms have been used for comparisons and
their advantages, comparative results are combined with other facial recognition methods,
such as Haar Cascade with KNN or even using SVM, or decision tree, etc. Python and
its associated OpenCV recognition libraries and the Dlib and Face Recognition facial
recognition library, which has a sharper, more market-oriented accuracy, will be available
as part of this work. . To generate the results, images recorded by the author and public
databases available on the internet were used.


ABSTRA C K This study aims to determine the People's Participation On Kenagarian River Forest Function in Betong District of New Kamang Sijunjung district .This research is qualitative . A qualitative approach is the process of research and understanding based on the methodology menyelididki a social phenomenon and human issues . In this approach , researchers have emphasized Socially constructed reality , the close relationship between researcher and subject diteliti.Metodologi in this study is the people who live around the forest fringe villages Betong River .The results of the study found that : 1 ) the low public knowledge about the function of Betong River Forest , then sued the government in disseminating to the public over the River Betong . 2 ) community Betong River showed a fairly good attitude towards the forest , and river communities Betong in the present study aims to determine the People's Participation On Kenagarian River Forest Function in Betong District of New Kamang Sijunjung district .This research is qualitative . A qualitative approach is the process of research and understanding based on the methodology menyelididki a social phenomenon and human issues . In this approach , researchers have emphasized Socially constructed reality , the close relationship between researcher and subject diteliti.Metodologi in this study is the people who live around the forest fringe villages Betong River .The results of the study found that : 1 ) the low public knowledge about the function of Betong River Forest , then sued the government in disseminating to the public over the River Betong . 2 ) community Betong River showed a fairly good attitude towards the forest , and it has begun to membenah themselves in terms of their attitudes towards the forest and they begin to develop forests in Betong kenagarian River by planting rubber . 3 ) Betong River community show action on forest functions quite well , one of them with a rubber plant . And that in limiting the amount of plantation and land clearing for plantation forests in order to pay attention to forest ecosystem function properly maintained .


Abstract Strontium-isotope ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) analysis of first-molar enamel of 70 adult individuals interred at Grasshopper Pueblo, Arizona, when coupled with a variety of other lines of evidence, reveal a complex pattern of immigration and settlement at the site. Thirty-three of the individuals pattern as local (most likely having been born at Grasshopper), and 13 others originate from the region immediately surrounding the site. The remaining 24 individuals are of non-local, extra-regional origin. Recent 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analysis of rodent bone from archaeological sites in several regions surrounding Grasshopper—including the Tonto Basin, Payson area, Mogollon Rim, and Chevelon Valley, as well as prehistoric human bone from the Walnut Creek/Cherry Creek region—reveal potential matches for all of the nonlocal individuals. It is suggests that immigrants at Grasshopper likely derived from the Chevelon Valley, at least two localities from the central Mogollon Rim region, and possibly the Payson area at the western edge of the Mogollon Rim. Migration occurred throughout the occupational history of the site, but patterns of migration clearly changed through time. The structure of migrations likely followed the internal frontier model of Kopytoff (1987). A number of inferences that have been postulated for Grasshopper regarding ethnicity, diversity, and social and community organization are evaluated and supported.


This study investigated the survival of three Salmonella serotypes (S. Brandenberg, S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium) on beef trimmings during simulated commercial freezing, frozen storage for 9 months and subsequent abusive slow thawing and refreezing conditions. This was achieved by plating samples monthly and after thawing and refreezing on nonselective Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and selective Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar (XLD) and incubating both at 37C for 24 h to determine Salmonella counts, aerobic counts and the presence, if any, of sublethal injury of this pathogen. Two freezing temperatures (-18C or -35C) to simulate slow or rapid freezing respectively, and two inoculation levels (10 3 cfu g -1 or 10 5 cfu g -1 ) were used. Aerobic counts and counts of all the Salmonella serotypes did not change significantly (p>0.05) during frozen storage or for any of the other treatments applied in this study. This finding was attributed to the insulating nature of the subcutaneous fat layer in this manufacturing cut. These results are important with respect to food safety associated with ground beef processing. Trois serotypes de Salmonelles (S.Brandenberg, Dublin, et Typhimurium) sont etudies dans des morceaux de boeuf destines a etre haches apres avoir ete exportes, lors de la congelation, l'entreposage au congelateur pendant 9 mois, puis la decongelation-recongelation abusive. Des prelevements ont ete faits mensuellement. Le nombre des differents serotypes ne varie pas au cours des differents traitements et de l'entreposage. La couche de gras souscutanee joue le role d'isolant dans ces decoupes industrielles.


Due to the explosive development of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) technology worldwide, the UAS is becoming increasingly relevant for applications in both military and civilian fields. Good progress in the number and scope of unmanned aerial vehicles utilization has led to a high demand for pilots/operators of unmanned aerial vehicles. Thus, this profession began to gain in popularity in aviation. First, this article outlines the UAS classification considering the ICAO standards as well as unique characteristics. Futhermore, taking into consideration the current requirements for the qualification of the UAV pilot/operator issued by the aviation authorities of the USA, Great Britain, China and Russia, general and special qualification requirements, such as professional qualities, medical requirements, psychological screening, training requirements, operation and cooperation experience, are analyzed. In addition, based on the differences between the training of manned aircraft pilots and UAV pilots, the syllabus and methods of training inclusive of a human factor and physiological health are considered, which is of vital importance for selecting and training the UAS pilot/operator.


(57) Abstract: The present invention has the following characteristics, namely: 1) for example prostaglandin, release increased compared to normal monocyte-derived cells, and normal monocyte-derived inflammatory and immune stimulating cytokines release increased compared to the cells, and for example the CD80, on their membrane, there was reduced compared to normal monocyte-derived cells, and / or, 2) at least one, monocyte cell division not It incorporated in the presence of exogenous nucleic acids, present in the nucleus, indicating the concerns monocyte derived cells was suppressed. Monocyte-derived cells can become active substance in a pharmaceutical composition.


Sudden falls are known as the second cause of accidental injury deaths by the world health organization. In this paper effective parameters caused in human balance are analyzed in order to prevent fall. As experimental examples, effect of the parameters on human balance during standing and gaiting were investigated. For this purpose, a database is gathered. These information were recorded while 30 student balances were affected by the parameters changing in both standing and gaiting situation. In the specified pattern, the effect of vision, vestibular system and muscle strength were studied in both standing and gaiting, individually. Furthermore, in order to study the human balance while using a cell phone in gaiting, several experiments were extended. The results show the influence of the parameters on human balance. Although, men had better balance rather than women while standing but women were shown beter balanve while using a cell phone in gaiting.


The study evaluated the value of the contract of the Lublin Regional Health Board per 1 physician's and 1 nurse's post in the hospitals of the Lublin region in four basic departments. According to the usage of existing staff resources, the evaluation revealed significant differences in the average contract value per 1 physician's and 1 nurse's post in the selected departments. The differences are observed in the departments of the same and of different specialties, therefore they create different conditions for potential intensity of work in the examined units.


Fifty chemicals were tested for mutagenic activity in post‐meiotic and meiotic germ cells of male Drosophila melanogaster using the sex‐linked recessive lethal (SLRL) assay. As in the previous studies in this series, feeding was chosen as the first route of administration. If the compound failed to induce mutations by this route, injection exposure was used. One gaseous chemical (1,3‐butadiene) was tested only by inhalation. Those chemicals that were mutagenic in the sex‐linked recessive lethal assay were further tested for the ability to induce reciprocal translocations. Eleven of the 50 chemicals tested were mutagenic in the SLRL assay. These included bis(2‐chloroethyl) ether, 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether, 1‐chloro‐2‐propanol, dimethyl methylphosphonate, dimethyl morpholinophosphoramidate, dimethyloldihydroxy‐ethylene urea, 2,2‐dimethyl vinyl chloride, hexamethylphosphoramide, isatin‐5‐sulfonic acid (Na salt), isopropyl glycidyl ether, and urethane. Five of these, including 1,4‐butanediol diglycidyl ether, 2,2‐dimethyl vinyl chloride, hexamethylphosphoramide, isopropyl glycidyl ether, and urethane, also induced reciprocal translocations. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Sclareol (7) and manoyl oxide (8) have each been converted into the (-)-enantiomers of the naturally occurring diterpenoids 12,15-epoxylabda-8(17),12,14-trien-16-yl acetate (2) and pumiloxide (1).


Abstract : Conventional finite-element models are based on displacement or velocity fields which are at least continuous. However, it is known that perfectly plastic materials may exhibit discontinuities of the tangential velocity component along certain lines. In this investigation, a two-dimensional finite element model is proposed which will allow for such discontinuities. A regular pattern of triangular elements is assumed. The elements are assumed to be rigid and across the line separating any two adjoining elements the normal displacement component is continuous, but a discontinuity may exist in the tangential component. The defining equations--compatibility, equilibrium and constitutive--are developed with the aid of the Principle of Virtual Work. Prandtl's punch problem is solved under plane strain conditions. Comparison is made with existing analytical and other numerical solutions, in order to evaluate the merits of allowing for discontinuities. (Author)


The frequency hop code pulse signal is a new form of pulse compression radar signal, and is of great analysis value. Ambiguity function is a useful tool for designing waveform and analyzing the radar signal. It is complicated to compute ambiguity function of frequency hop code signal and difficult to draw the ambiguity figure. This paper presents a method of computing the ambiguity function via convolution integral and drawing the ambiguity figure by using the Matlab language .


The adequacy of power generation should be properly evaluated to facilitate the reliable operations of power systems under uncertainties. More recently, wind power has attracted significant attention primarily because it does not consume fossil fuels and is environmentally benign. However, the output from wind turbine generator (WTG) can not be precisely predicted due to the intermittent nature of wind resources. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) based search procedure is adopted to accomplish the adequacy assessment for power generating system including wind turbine generators. The most probable failure states are sought out, which contribute significantly to the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation (LOLE), loss of load frequency (LOLF), and expected energy not supplied (EENS). A modified IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS) is used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Social structures and practices that entail discrimination based on ascribed attributes violate the prohibition of discrimination, a proclaimed human right fundamental for modern societies, and thwart the postulated meritocratic attainment of social positions based on equal opportunities. This article documents the results of a survey of firms with regard to their criteria for vocational training candidate selection which show that meritocratic principles are not being upheld within the scope of vocational training. Rather, they provide evidence for the discrimination of juveniles with a so called 'migration background' that reaches beyond the effects of discrimination during years of school education. In particular, this is apparent for Muslims whose discrimination is frequently openly admitted and considered to be socially acceptable. Furthermore this article argues that discrimination related to the offering of apprenticeships can be understood as resulting of derived processes whose basis is the perception of immigrants as being problematic strangers.


The article proposes a new, non destructive technique for the cleaning of large wooden surfaces, like antique parquet floors, employing dry ice jet, carbon dioxide and liquid nitrogen compresses. These are non-destructive methods at low cost. The techniques are patented under the name of CryoMaxII and Cryorush. This work was initiated in response to the need of removing dirt, wax, adhesives and overpaint forming layers on wooden surfaces without the use of solvents and mechanical means. The principle is based on the rapid cooling of the support which had been kept at room temperature. The cold provokes a series of contractions and cracks on accumulated surface layers. Three methods have been tried and tested: Dry ice jet; Dry ice microparticles; Cold compresses.


Kierkegaard and the Paradox of Religious Diversity. By George B. Connell. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans Publishing, 2016. xiii + 188 pp. $30.00 (paper).Spren Kierkegaard, hailing from a virtually homogenous nineteenth-century Lutheran Denmark, may not be the first resource that theologians and scholars of religion turn to for insight on navigating twenty-first-century questions about religious diversity. George Connells fine study, however, should make us reconsider. The third publication in the "Kierkegaard as a Christian Thinker" series edited by fellow Kierkegaard scholars C. Stephen Evans and Paul Martens, Kierkegaard and the Paradox of Religious Diversity will compel anyone interested in pluralism, religious violence, and the meaning of truth claims to (re)meet Kierkegaard on new terms.In the last two decades, a host of Kierkegaard scholars have successfully challenged the traditional caricature of Kierkegaard as an apolitical and asocial individualist. Connell's study continues this reconsideration of Kierkegaard's pertinence for politics and society. What is new in this work, however, is a comprehensive consideration of Kierkegaard's relevance for contemporary religious diversity. In his conclusion, Connell tells his readers that he is writing in August of 2014, just as ISIS has seized large areas of Iraq and has persecuted religious minorities in the process. "It is impossible not to ask whether the logic of absolute commitment leads to such atrocities," he contends (p. 181). What are we to do, then, with Kierkegaard's insistence on the absolute commitment of faith?This question is related to the underlying theme of the book. Connell argues throughout that Kierkegaard's paradoxical ability to hold the universal and the particular together in tension offers resources for constructively responding to diversity. Absolute faith commitments, according to this paradoxical framework, do not have to precipitate religious terrorism, and can instead serve to encourage global peace and justice. "Kierkegaard s significance for the issue of religious diversity," Connell maintains, "is his ability (ironically) to say both/and to the either/or of commitment versus respectful openness" (p. 180).Each of the five chapters of Connell's work addresses an aspect of what he calls this "root paradox." In chapter 1, he notes that while Kierkegaard did not discuss a multitude of religious Others in his corpus, he did repeatedly take up the role of "pagans" and Jews. Particularly valuable here is Connell's insight that we must consider Kierkegaard's treatment of religious Others in light of his tripartite scheme: Pagan-Jew-Christian. The relationship between truth claims and religious pluralism is the subject of chapter 2, in which Connell insightfully examines Kierkegaard's "phenomenology of moods" as it maps to the categories of exclusivism, inclusivism, and pluralism, and then argues that Kierkegaard's use of humor is helpful for thinking about the ambiguous relationship between truth claims and diversity.Chapter 3 is a previously published article on examining Fear and Trembling through Danish film. …


China is rich in rape, its yield and acreage is the biggest in the world. In order to ensure the drying quality, improve the drying efficiency, and reduce the drying energy consumption, a new method to dry rapeseed was proposed under the low-temperature and dehumidification conditions. Designed a low-temperature and dehumidification drying system, carried out some contrasting experiments under low-temperature(45, 55, 65℃) and high temperature(80, 105, 120, 150℃), established the low-temperature and dehumidification drying mathematical model of rapeseed and tested its reliability. The results showed that the drying mathematical model of rapeseed fitted the Page model; drying temperature and relative humidity were the two main factors influencing the drying efficiency under the same wind speed condition; near-infrared analysis results showed that protein and oleic acid content increased slightly under the low-temperature and dehumidification condition; the germination rate experiments showed that the germination rate of low-temperature dehumidification drying was significantly higher than that of the high temperature.


Rachel Parker is a Lecturer in Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. She was awarded her PhD from the Department of Government at this institution in 1997. Her research is in the area of comparative business systems and comparative industry policy, with her recent work focused on the political and social inuences on the structure and organization of business. Her work has appeared in Journal of Public Policy and in Australian Journal of Political Science. She is co-author of the book Government, Business and Society (1999) and co-editor of Business, Work and Community, to be published by OUP in 2001.


The bounds of Birnbaum (1942) and Sampford (1953) for the upper tail area of the normal distribution are extended to the upper tail of the t-distribution. Numerical and theoretical comparisons are made with the bounds of Peizer and Pratt (1968), Wallace (1959) and Soms (1977).


The link between export and economic growth has been interesting and rich source of debates among economists and many other scholars. Particularly looking depth into the logical disagreement of the scholars; it is revolves mainly around whether export-led growth hypothesis or growth-led export hypothesis hold true in the explicit circumstances for different countries. And this divergence is also the foremost purpose of this work in that the causal relationship between sectors' export and output growth in Ethiopia examined using secondary time series data collected from national bank of Ethiopia, ministry of finance and economic development and World Bank development indicator data base. VECM model used and its result reveal, in the long run the existence of unidirectional causality which run from economic growth to agriculture, industry and service export disjointedly however in the short run it reveal the existence of unidirectional causality which runs solely from economic growth to service export, in other word  growth-led export hypothesis supported in case of Ethiopia. Therefore, to further develop and diversify export in Ethiopia, economic growth needs to be strengthening and diversified. Keywords : export, economic growth, econometrics, VECM model and causality. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/11-3-04 Publication date: February 29 th 2020


Objective\ To obtain full\|length cDNA of radiation induced new gene RIG1 based on its EST fragment. Methods\ Based on non\|cloned cDNA library,enhanced nested RACE PCR and biotin\|avidin labeled probe for magnetic bead purification was used to obtain full\|length cDNA of RIG1. Results\ About 1 kb of 3′ end of RIG1 gene was successfully cloned by this set of methods and cloning of RIG1 5′ end is proceeding well. Conclusion\ The result is consistent with the design of experiment.This set of protocol is useful for cloning of fu11\|lengh gene based on EST fragment.\;


This paper studies at the single period on-time delivery model of multi-suppliers,which is based on the Supply Hub.Under the stochastic demand time,suppliers choose the optimal delivery time by themselves in purpose of cost minimization This paper analyzes the optimal delivery time of different suppliers in the situation of information sharing and information isolation.By comparing the effect of optimal delivery time at the cost of suppliers and service level to manufacturer,We demonstrate that it could effective reduce the cost and improve the service level when suppliers adopte cooperation.We find out the optimal delivery policy of suppliers in context of information sharing and also a policy raised by Supply Hub.


The paper analyzes the process USA, EU and Japan have gone through in developing biotechnology and the achievements they have made, and makes a research on industrial policies they have taken in encouraging and promoting the development of biotechnology. The research is of great meaning and it offers some reference for Chinese government to make out concerned industrial policies in developing biotechnology.