Process industry is characterized by the existence of several, usually competitive, technical solutions that can be used to achieve a certain result. In this paper competing technologies for the treatment of lean VOC-air mixtures are compared on the basis of more relevant operational parameters: the energy consumption , the out-of-service time and monetary risk. Two systems has been compared in this paper: a catalytic fixed-bed reactor in which the heat recovery is guaranteed by a heat exchanger – traditional plant, and a "intensified" plant, where a catalytic reverse-flow reactor is installed, able to achieve and internal heat recovery through the periodical reversal of the flow direction. The decisions-making would require a full picture of the plant behaviour in regime conditions, but also during transients deviations following a failure and the related recovery actions. This picture can be obtained through the Integrated Dynamic Decision Analysis, that generates the full set of possible sequences of events that could result in plant unavailability, with their probability of occurrence and the effect on energy consumption. Results are expressed in terms of out-ofservices times, that for operatively sake have to be minimized of energy absorbed by each piece of equipment and cost for the VOC treatment. Outcomes evidenced the pros and cons of the two plants. The "traditional" plant guarantees a better continuity of service, but also higher operational costs. The "intensified" plant shows lower operational costs, but a higher complexity, with a need of more level of protection to obtain a comparable out-of-service time. The quantification of risks and benefits allows the comparison between competing technologies to be performed on a complete picture of the behaviour of the plants, promoting a more effective decision-making process.


I study whether or not countries' macroeconomic characteristics are systematically related to their currencies' exposure to the downside market risk. I find that the currency downside risk is strongly associated with the local inflation rate, real interest rate and net foreign asset position. Currencies of countries with high inflation and real interest rates and negative net foreign asset position (debtor countries) are more exposed to the downside risk whereas currencies of countries with low inflation and real interest rates and positive net foreign asset position (creditor countries) exhibit "safe haven" properties. The local real interest rate has the highest explanatory power in accounting for the cross-section of currency exposure to the downside risk. This suggests that the high currency exposure to the downside risk is a consequence of investments in high-yield risky countries and flight from them in "hard times".


: This paper examines how (Liquefied Petroleum and Natural Gas (LPG) gas is used in Nigerian households. The World Bank and Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) Statistical Bulletin were used to gather yearly dataregarding the level of LPG produced and consumed including kerosene for a period of 36 years (1986 to 2022). Results from the study showed that LPG was high (6.903 million barrels), but consumption was lower (3.18 million barrels). On the other side, after 36 years, kerosene consumption in Nigeria (6.2030 mbbls) outpaces its production (4.0532 mbbls).Therefore, LPG consumption will inevitably rise over time. Consequently, it is expedient forthe domestic energy market of Nigeria to enact policies to ensure that every Nigerian home use LPG. If consumers switched to LPG, the government wouldn't have to spend as much money subsidizing the price of kerosene for the domestic energy market in Nigeria. To increase the use of LPG as a domestic fuel in Nigeria, this paper is important for both the Nigerian government and investors. The outcome of this study


A crucial task for the Double Chooz reactor antineutrino experiment is the thorough study of the different backgrounds in the detector. Newly developed background reduction techniques minimize the impact of the backgrounds on our sensitivity. Moreover, only a precision and accuracy measurement of the residual background would allow to measure the mixing angle θ13 with high precision. Neutrino coincidence signals are imitated by signals produced in several others physics processes: accidental coincidences of single events (accidental background), as well as correlated events induced by cosmic muons, including stopping muons, fast neutrons and spallation isotopes Li9/He8. The Double Chooz collaboration has developed several techniques to reduce these backgrounds without introducing significant signal inefficiency reduction, and has managed to reject 86% of accidental background, more than 50% of Li9 and He8 and more than 80% of fast neutrons and stopping muons. Residual backgrounds are quantified with precision: the estimations for their final rates are 0.97+0.41 −0.16 Li9/He8 per day, 0.60 ± 0.05 of fast neutrons and stopping muons per day and 0.070 ± 0.005 the accidental background per day. These estimations are used as input for the fit to the measured positron spectrum used to determine θ13. The fit outputs are compatible with the estimated values for all backgrounds.


The internet is often an unregulated pathway that can lead to the introduction of invasive species. Surveillance of internet-related sale or trade activities can reduce the movement of potentially invasive species and serve to lessen the risk of an introduction. The Invasive Species Internet Monitoring System automates the process of searching the internet for suspect sites (e.g., internet storefronts, chat rooms, etc.) involved in the sale or trade of targeted species. Additionally, this software system incorporates data management features that permit the archiving of suspect website content, assists subject matter experts in evaluating sites for risk, send informational emails to website owners and can track sites for compliance. This software system is currently being used by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine and the Smuggling, Interdiction and Trade Compliance Program to search for websites selling regulated insects, weeds, mollusks, fruits and vegetables, and for animals and animal products that have the potential to carry Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.


Though much of the mass media does not yet seem to be aware--and surely most Jews, Christians, and Muslims are likewise unaware--Islam is now beginning to join the global/local interreligious dialogue on a massive scale. Two international events stand out: the extraordinary, dialogical A Common Word between Us and You, issued in 2007 by 138 Muslim scholars; (1) and Saudi King Abdullah's commitment in 2008 to interreligious dialogue. (2) Starting three decades earlier in 1978, like a John the Baptist "voice crying in the wilderness," the International Scholars Abrahamic Trialogue (ISAT) helped in its way to lead to this "tipping point" of the amazing entry of Islam--perhaps analogous in magnitude to the 1965 Vatican II entry of Catholicism--into interreligious dialogue. Out of the shadows into the blazing "desert" sun! I. The Origin of ISAT "No peace among nations without peace among religions; no peace among the religions without dialogue among the religions." Thus began the February, 1989, address of Catholic theologian Hans Kung at the UNESCO Conference in Paris on world peace and dialogue among religions. It was precisely this concept that earlier underlay the establishment of the long-term Jewish-Christian-Muslim scholarly dialogue known as ISAT, which was preceded by an earlier national version in the United States in 1978, which met until 1984, twice a year for three days each time. (3) That first ongoing scholars' Jewish-Christian-Muslim dialogue (trialogue), consisting of a total of twenty Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholars, was sponsored by the Kennedy Institute of Ethics at Georgetown University, then directed by Sargeant Shriver, and organized by Eugene Fisher and Leonard Swidler. After an intense search for other funding, Swidler was able to launch in April, 1989, another ongoing trialogue sponsored by the Journal of Ecumenical Studies and the National Conference of Christians and Jews, this time international and annual--hence, the name International Scholars Annual Trialogue was adopted. It changed its name in January, 2008, because of the shift in frequency, to "International Scholars Abrahamic Trialogue," still retaining the same acronym, "ISAT." It held its first, very successful, three-day meeting in April, 1989. The effects of such a long-term "fundamental research and dialogue" approach to the interrelationship among the three "Semitic" religions are difficult to predict. We do know, however, that the long-term fundamental research and dialogue approach to the interrelationship between Protestantism and Catholicism in Germany in the 1950's had a profoundly positive effect on the revolutionary changes that Protestant-Catholic relations have undergone since the early 1960's. (4) One cannot guarantee such positive results in the much more complex Jewish-Christian-Muslim relationship, but one can guarantee that without such an approach in a long-term manner positive developments in their relationship will not come about, it would also insure the continued undermining of the world peace process. ISAT was composed of thirty scholars, ten from each of the three religious traditions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The composition of ISAT remained basically the same, though different local participant-observers were invited to each annual meeting. Every effort was made to include in ISAT representatives of the major divisions of each of the three religions--and to include female scholars as well as male. The importance of having the same scholars meet regularly is that only after certain basic understandings have been achieved and personal trust has been won can dialogue move beyond the superficial level. That is what has been happening in this interreligious "think tank"--"basic research" has been going on here. As in basic research in the physical sciences, immediate applicability is not the primary focus but laying the necessary foundation for any future practical developments. …


The defence policy of the Netherlands and Belgium has changed substantially following the end of the cold war. Both countries suspended conscription early on and actively participated in many (UN) peacekeeping missions. Both countries also experienced traumatic events that influenced their defence policy: in Ruanda for the Belgians in 1994 and in Bosnia (Srebrenica) for the Dutch (1995). Drastic budget cuts and the integration of the new, but small, professional armies within new NATO and EU defence structures (CSDP and NRF) are also themes with which both countries struggled. Both countries embraced pooling and sharing and cultivated European defence cooperation, especially within Benelux but also with Germany, the UK, and increasingly with other partners. Simultaneously they also attached much value to their ties with the USA. The Dutch furthermore attach great importance to the development of the international legal order and the safeguarding of the flow of trade by sea.


Photoemission measurements have been carried out for Bi2Sr2CaCu2-xSnxO8+? system with conventional x-ray photoemission spectroscopy for core-level spectra and synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy for valence band. With Sn doping, all core levels shift differently in binding energy, and the intensity near fermi energy becomes smaller in valence band. From the experiment, we can deduce that the shifts of all core levels and valence bands may involve some other mechanisms, such as electrostatic effects, in addition to binding energy referencing effects. We argue that the chemical environment plays a crucial role in the electronic structure of high-temperature superconductors.


PURPOSE: To provide a preparation method of N-methyl morpholine oxide in high yield without adding a catalytic substance while largely decreasing the production amt. of nitrosamines as a by-product. CONSTITUTION: The preparation method of N-methylmorpholine oxide features that N-methylmorpholine is oxidized in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at 50 to 100°C under 0.1 to 0.8 MPa with a hydrogen peroxide soln. and/or methanol soln. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Thermal dephasing due to ultraviolet pump absorption in beta- barium borate and lithium triborate crystals has been investigated. Interferometric measurement of optical path difference under thermal loading provides a method of estimating the average-power-scaling potential of these crystals.


Remote sensing provides timely and reliable information about urban areas and their changing patterns. Detection of urban change is an important factor that affects the supply of food supply, water supply, etc. Detection of land use and land change is essential in order to understand the current situation and plan for the future to avoid scarcity. In this work, we proposed two new framework called Tensor - Deep Stacking Network (TDSN) with back propagation and Deep Stacking Convolution Neural Networks (DS - CNN) for land cover change detection. Changes are detected between the year 2005 and 2015 in the month of September over the Hutong area, Beijing, China. The work has been validated by using Sentinel 2 (4 bands cirrus, water vapor, coastal aerosol, red edge band) and Landsat 8(11 bands) satellite image. All the bands from Landsat −8 image are pan-sharpen to 15m resolution to get more accurate classification result. Bands in the Sentinel −2 satellite image are used to remove cloud present in the raw satellite image. The classification accuracy of proposed work are compared with the traditional classification algorithm Support Vector Machine (SVM). The accuracy of proposed work is 12% is improved in compare to traditional algorithm.


Traffic signals and traffic flow models have been studied extensively in the past and have provided valuable insights on the design of signalling systems, congestion control, and punitive policies. This paper takes a slightly different tack and describes what happens at an intersection where the traffic signals are malfunctioning and stuck in some configuration. By modelling individual vehicles as agents, we were able to replicate the surprisingly organized traffic flow that we observed at a real malfunctioning intersection in urban India. Counter-intuitively, the very lawlessness that normally causes jams was causing traffic to flow smoothly at this intersection. We situate this research in the context of other research on emergent complex phenomena in traffic, and suggest further lines of research that could benefit from the analysis and modelling of rule-breaking behaviour.


Complex fluids flow in complex ways in complex structures. Transport of water and various organic and inorganic molecules in the central nervous system (CNS) are important in a wide range of biological and medical processes [C. Nicholson and S. Hrabětova, "Brain extracellular space: The final frontier of neuroscience," Biophys. J. 113(10), 2133 (2017)]. However, the exact driving mechanisms are often not known. In this paper, we investigate flows induced by action potentials in an optic nerve as a prototype of the CNS. Different from traditional fluid dynamics problems, flows in biological tissues such as the CNS are coupled with ion transport. It is driven by osmosis created by the concentration gradient of ionic solutions, which in turn influence the transport of ions. Our mathematical model is based on the known structural and biophysical properties of the experimental system used by the Harvard group [R. K. Orkand, J. G. Nicholls, and S. W. Kuffler, "Effect of nerve impulses on the membrane potential of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia," J. Neurophysiol. 29(4), 788 (1966)]. Asymptotic analysis and numerical computation show the significant role of water in convective ion transport. The full model (including water) and the electrodiffusion model (excluding water) are compared in detail to reveal an interesting interplay between water and ion transport. In the full model, convection due to water flow dominates inside the glial domain. This water flow in the glia contributes significantly to the spatial buffering of potassium in the extracellular space. Convection in the extracellular domain does not contribute significantly to spatial buffering. Electrodiffusion is the dominant mechanism for flows confined to the extracellular domain.


Literature innovation must face reality actively. First, it must face social reality, trying to produce realistic works of epic qualities, pay due regard to lower class and the disprivileged masses and develop the national spirit. Secondly, it must face the reader's reality, trying to achieve the unity of literary fashion and its eternity, the unity of its social benefits and economic ones, and automatically adjust itself to the reader's increasing taste. Thirdly, it must face the reality of literary composition itself, taking the marginalization of literature seriously and paying close attention to the changes in literary style and writing techniques.


As background of the Hui nationality mainly distributive region, the present situation of national economic development and effective factors are analyzed. It is important that cultivate external environment to develop national economy and strengthen the ability of self-development. It is put forward that feature economy is the key to realize the skipping type of development.


Dose of histamie -* Asthma is associated with abnormal reactivity ofthe airways to inhaled substances. Non-specific reactivity to irritants such as tobacco smoke or dusts may be a fundamental abnormality in asthma. It is investigated in the laboratory by inhalation ofmethacholine, histamine, or citric acid, and most patients labelled as asthmatic show bronchoconstriction with an abnormally low concentration ofsuch agents.


Video communication has become a crucial part of our everyday lives due to its ease of use and applicability. Also, the demand for video streaming services has grown exponentially due to the recent Covid19 situation. Over the years, researchers have formulated different algorithms and architectures for effective video streaming. Due to the presence of a large variety of algorithms, system designers are often unable to decide the most optimum video streaming architectures for effective system design. In this work, some of the most recent and effective streaming architectures and algorithms are discussed along with their performance metrics. This will assist readers in deciding the most optimum algorithms and architectures for their application. Along with the algorithmic comparisons, this text also recommends certain improvements in the reviewed algorithms for further improving their performance.


By the end of this section, you will be able to: • Distinguish between systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure • Describe the clinical measurement of pulse and blood pressure • Identify and discuss ve variables a ecting arterial blood ow and blood pressure • Discuss several factors a ecting blood ow in the venous system Blood ow refers to the movement of blood through a vessel, tissue, or organ, and is usually expressed in terms of volume of blood per unit of time. It is initiated by the contraction of the ventricles of the heart. Ventricular contraction ejects blood into the major arteries, resulting in ow from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure, as blood encounters smaller arteries and arterioles, then capillaries, then the venules and veins of the venous system. This section discusses a number of critical variables that contribute to blood ow throughout the body. It also discusses the factors that impede or slow blood ow, a phenomenon known as resistance. As noted earlier, hydrostatic pressure is the force exerted by a uid due to gravitational pull, usually against the wall of the container in which it is located. One form of hydrostatic pressure is blood pressure, the force exerted by blood upon the walls of the blood vessels or the chambers of the heart. Blood pressure may be measured in capillaries and veins, as well as the vessels of the pulmonary circulation; however, the term blood pressure without any speci c descriptors typically refers to systemic arterial blood pressure that is, the pressure of blood owing in the arteries of the systemic circulation. In clinical practice, this pressure is measured in mm Hg and is usually obtained using the brachial artery of the arm. 1 Components of Arterial Blood Pressure Arterial blood pressure in the larger vessels consists of several distinct components (Figure 1 (Systemic Blood Pressure )): systolic and diastolic pressures, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. 1.1 Systolic and Diastolic Pressures When systemic arterial blood pressure is measured, it is recorded as a ratio of two numbers (e.g., 120/80 is a normal adult blood pressure), expressed as systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure is the higher value (typically around 120 mm Hg) and re ects the arterial pressure resulting from the ejection ∗Version 1.3: Jun 19, 2013 10:29 am -0500 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://cnx.org/content/m46635/1.3/ OpenStax-CNX module: m46635 2 of blood during ventricular contraction, or systole. The diastolic pressure is the lower value (usually about 80 mm Hg) and represents the arterial pressure of blood during ventricular relaxation, or diastole. Systemic Blood Pressure Figure 1: The graph shows the components of blood pressure throughout the blood vessels, including systolic, diastolic, mean arterial, and pulse pressures.


This paper overviews the constitutive modeling of creep-plasticity to address various metallurgical changes such as anisotropy, Bauschinger effect, hardening, softening and flow kinetics. In case of a long hold cycle the elastic strain converts into plastic strain and drops the yield point at a variable decreasing rate and is a variable. In this work total strain is separated in terms of viscoplastic or creep strain which is dealt within the framework of unified approach, however, the transformed elastic into plastic strain is dealt within the elastic-plastic approach. Drucker-Palgen and Ziegler's yield or failure criterion has been taken in this study with Euler's time stepping to modeling by finite element and boundary element analysis. In non-linear condition tangential stiffness conditions are employed and represented in standerd form as, K = [Sigma] [unkown symbol] [[B].sup.7] [D] [B] dv. The stiffness decreases for non-linear viscoplastic cases and when strain rate becomes tolerable the next tine increment is applied. The constitutive equation of Drucker-Palgen will be coded in a package to handle high temperature strain controlled low cycle fatigue data. However, an extension of this approach to two dimensional cases will also remain a future task.


Data compression or source coding has been playing an important role in many areas in daily life. There are several audio encoders available with various methods. Each audio encoder works at a certain range bitrate depending on the signal model used and the method implemented. Based on literature reviews it is to know that there are only a view of audio encoder working at bit rate below 16 kbit/s, especially for music signals. The togetherness in having harmonically components between the audio signals and frequency modulated signals is the basic idea of proposing the perceptual encoder based on FM signal model. In estimating and extracting FM parameters, the psychoacoustic model is used to exploit the perceptual nature of humans ears. The errors of FM modeling is distributed below the masking curve of psychoacoustic model. The developed encoder allows sending music signals on the GSM channel. The developed encoder has four cascaded main processes, namely sinusoid components extraction, harmonic components separation, FM parameters estimation, and FM parameter encoding. The simulation results show the proposed method is successful to encode some audio signal types.


1) Collection of acidic intrusive rocks, schists and other basement rocks, and Eocene Nummalites is one of the most remarkable results of the recent research cruises in the Philippine Sea. 2) Pr"Cenozoic island arc activity, such as regional low pressure metamorphism, volcanism, and acidic intrusion occurred and formed non-oceanic crust of the Daito Ridge Group Region. These rocks suffered upheaval and suksequent erosion, and then overlain by the shallow sea sediments con- taining IVummalites and other foraminifers. Differential subsidence occurred in the Oligocene andlor the Miocene. After then, whole Daito Ridge Group Region sunk 1000-20oo m. Activities of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, such as volcanism, acidic intrusion, and upheaval occurred in the Eocene and the Oligocene. This ridge also sunk at least 600 m, since Late Miocene. It may be assumed that the Kinan Seamount Chain has not appearod before the development of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. 3) Based upon the results of the recent studies, maturity of the island arcs and ridges is suggested. Tertiary


In modern conditions of electronic warfare, effective protection of information and control complexes of aircraft (AC) from the destructive effects of external interference is impossible without the use of innovative solutions in the field of creating new composite materials (CM) with radio-absorbing properties. This scientific area is inextricably linked with the issues of predicting the properties of these materials. A wide variety of design solutions to protect aircraft "electronics", as well as a wide range of electromagnetic and mechanical effects, require the creation of functional materials for specific operating conditions. Thus, the developers of functional materials must have an effective tool to predict the properties of the CM being created. Solutions can be based on mathematical models that allow predicting the properties of CM and subsequently optimizing their composition. The article discusses the identification and verification of mathematical models of the mechanical characteristics of CMs based on BASF polyurethane with the addition of both untreated and processed ferric iron oxide as a filler, with subsequent optimization of the characteristics and determination of the corresponding CM composition with radio-absorbing properties. Experimental studies have been carried out, which confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical models.


The present research work called: "Satisfaction of the inhabitants of the Carigan parish with respect to the fulfillment of the exclusive competition of urban roads by the GAD Municipal de Loja, year 2018", has as main purpose to determine citizen satisfaction in relation to the provision of the public road service, generated by the delegation of the exclusive competition of urban roads to the Municipal GAD of Loja, said service seen from a perspective of solution to citizen needs.
The objectives are to determine the road needs of the inhabitants of the Carigan parish, analyze the compliance actions of the Municipal GAD of Loja to solve them and determine citizen satisfaction based on expectations and perceptions.
For the fulfillment of objectives, instruments such as citizen surveys, interviews with neighborhood leaders and the urban road coordinator of the Municipal GAD of Loja were used, methodologically based on the analysis of citizen expectations and perceptions of the important attributes (dimensions) of the service.
The results obtained show that there are four main road needs of citizens, centralization of actions of the Municipal GAD of Loja in a certain type of work and perceptions below expectations, with a gap of -2.19 generating citizen dissatisfaction.
It is concluded that the dimensions of Responsiveness and Durability are considered the most important for the citizens, and the latter is also the most Unsatisfied, in addition that the budget that the Municipal GAD of Loja manages to carry out works is limited.


On May 14, the people of Belarus Republic answered the four questions of the referendum held under the order of President Alexander Lukashenko. Over 75% of the popula tion said "yes" to the state symbol resembling (but not equal to) the symbol of the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic: the flag with a wider red and a narrow green stripe, the latter decorated with a traditional Belorussian ornament, but without a gold hammer-and-sickle and star, and the heraldic with rye ears filled with grain on both sides. The armed horseman with a Greek Catholic cross on his shield, and the vertical red-white-red stripes of the flag adopted three years ago appeared to be quite unpopular. The overwhelming ma jority (83%) of the population also supported the idea that the Russian language, along with Belorussian, should become an official language of the republic. Third, by a margin of 82.4%, voters supported the actions of the President of Belar us aimed at economic integration with the Russian Federa tion. Finally, the people of Belarus expressed their support for the President's right to dissolve the Parliament, in case of systematic or grave violation of the Constitution. The last question was approved by 77 .6% of the voters. The elections to the Belorussian Parliament, conducted simultaneously with the referendum, were not completed because of a high requirement of voter participation for the results to pe considered legitimate (50%, and not 25% as in other post-U.S.S.R. states including Russia). The second round of elections will be held in December. But in 48% of the districts where the elections were completed, they


received financial support for equipment, clinical trials, attending meetings, or giving occasional postgraduate lectures from the following pharmaceutical companies who make long-acting b2agonists or theophylline: GlaxoWellcome, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Innovata Biomed, Novartis, Aventis, and 3M Healthcare. Correspondence to: Brian J. Lipworth, MD, Professor of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY; e-mail: email@example.com


A giant rhinocerotoid is described for the first time south of the Black Sea, in Turkey. The single specimen, a fragmentary radius referred to Paraceratherium sp., originates from conglomerates nearby at Gozukizilli, in the Cankiri–Corum Tertiary basin. These layers correspond to the Lower member of the Kizilirmak Formation. The same locality (Gozukizilli-2) yields also the small rhinocerotid Protaceratherium sp., cf. P. albigense (Roman, 1912). Three other mammal localities (Gozukizilli-1, in the Lower Member of the formation, with several rodent species; Tepe 641 and Kizilirmak, in the Upper Member, with a diversified micro- and macro-mammal fauna) allow us to refer the Kizilirmak Formation as a whole to the Late Oligocene. All the observed taxa have strong Asian and/or European affinities, which precludes any geographical insulation for this part of Anatolia during the Late Oligocene. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 152, 581–592.


In order to solve the problems of multiple variables and strong coupling in BTT(bank-to-turn) missile control,a backstepping algorithm suitable for the BTT missile autopilot controller was proposed.Based on the peculiarity of BTT missile,the nonlinear model of missile was built up.Then,the missile model was translated into a feedback block model to realize the backstepping design.A special nonlinear synthetical backstepping method was applied in design of the control law for BTT missile,which added neural networks to solve the uncertainties problems,and the adaptive tuning rules were derived using the Lyapunov stability theorem.This method can implement the decoupling design of controller and track the command signals well.Simulation was made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


One of the geographical areas where the effects of climate change manifests itself clearly is the coastal zone. Cities and municipalities on the coastline assume that the current efforts to protect the coast from the impact of climate change in the short and medium term will be sufficient. There is a genuine problem concerning stakeholder awareness and durable partnerships. Apart from the ("imposed") interventions, additional efforts are limited. The measures are primarily aimed at the "sea side" and implemented as grey infrastructure while measures should also be considered in the corresponding urban littoral area. We note that the need to make more use of climate adaptation, for example (fresh) water storage and retention areas, are rarely included in spatial plans and permits. Climate change is, unfortunately, not seen as an opportunity to progress new urban coastal landscapes and spatial innovations. In each of the ten cities and municipalities on the Flemish coastline (northern part of Belgium), there are ongoing projects on climate change adaptation and innovation. Nature based solutions (NBS) are essential when implementing a sustainable and resilient coastal area. These include hard and soft measures to raise the weakest areas of the coastline to a higher safety level, the possible adaptation of the morphological situation at the seaside, adaptive and robust town scaping. Due to the uniqueness of the urban zone, area-specific tailoring is preferable. These are the key elements of the INTERREG 2Seas project "Sustainable And Resilient Coastal Cities" (SARCC) in which nature based solutions (NBS) are demonstrated.


The single flagellum of African trypanosomes is essential in multiple aspects of the parasite development. The FLAgellar Member 8 protein (FLAM8), localised to the tip of the flagellum in cultured insect forms, was identified as a marker of the locking event that controls flagellum length. Here, we investigated whether FLAM8 could also reflect the flagellum maturation state in other stages. We observed that FLAM8 distribution extended along the entire flagellar cytoskeleton in mammalian infective forms. Then, a rapid FLAM8 concentration to the distal tip occurs during differentiation into early insect forms, illustrating for the first time the remodeling of an existing flagellum in trypanosomes. In the tsetse cardia, FLAM8 further localizes to the entire length of the new flagellum during an asymmetric division. Strikingly, in parasites dividing in the tsetse midgut and in the salivary glands, the amount and distribution of FLAM8 in the new flagellum was seen to predict the daughter cell fate. We propose and discuss how FLAM8 could be considered as a meta-marker of the flagellum stage and maturation state in trypanosomes. Summary statement The trypanosome protein FLAM8 displays a dynamic and stage-specific distribution during the entire parasite cycle, representing a novel marker of the flagellum stage and maturation state.


Objective To investigate the expression of SLC1A5 in primary colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa,and to analyze the relationship between SLC1A5 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Methods The expression of SLC1A5 in carcinoma tissues and normal mucosa was examined by a set of tissue microarrays and the method of immunohistochemistry. The potential relationship between SLC1A5 expression and clinicopathological features was also analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of SLC1A5 in colorectal cancer tissues was 88. 75%,which was significantly higher than in normal tissue( P 0. 05). The expression rate in the patients with metastasis was also significantly higher than that in those with locally advanced disease( P 0. 05). However,no correlation between SLC1A5 expression and age at surgery,sex,the depth of invision,lymph node metastasis,or differentiation grade was found( P 0. 05). Conclusion SLC1A5 maybe a promotive factor in the process of distant metastasis.


Over the next decade, Baby Boomers will be reaching retirement age in large numbers and the U.S. will be undergoing one of the most significant demographic shifts in its history. This demographic shift has important implications for the role of higher education as a provider of lifelong learning and for the changing composition of postsecondary institutions. Using data from the 2005 National Household Education Survey, the results of this study informs the higher education community about this emerging student market segment as a way to help us better respond to older adults' demand for formal learning in postsecondary institutions.


A large number of papers have been published on supersonic nozzle design since Prandtl and Buseman first applied the Method of Characteristics in a paper published in 1929. This study explores a method by Evvard and Marcus published in 1952 for 2D supersonic wind tunnel nozzle designs. Based on the Method of Characteristics, this nozzle design method achieves continuous wall curvature avoiding disturbances to the supersonic flow field and providing the curvature continuity needed for variable Mach number flexible-walled nozzles. In the current study, the method is found to be capable of creating perfectly uniform test section air flow for a fixed-block nozzle design for supersonic Mach numbers ≤ 5.5. Moreover, simultaneously achieving perfect flow uniformity, smooth curvatures, and single inflection point, the nozzle contours for the range of Mach numbers can span a common length which is required in a flexible-walled nozzle. In addition, the current study also develops a visualization capability to inspect the characteristics network and resultant nozzle flow field. It is discovered that as the accelerating Mach numbers turn constant and uniform in the rhombus region, the accompanying compression (right-running characteristic) waves become perfectly linear and their reflections remain so downstream. No wave cancellation is implemented or observed, which differs from the description in other design methods.


For production of the therapeutic radionuclides 64Cu, 140Nd and 192Ir new cross section data are reported, all measured using the stacked‐foil technique. In the case of 64Cu, the 66Zn(d,α)64Cu reaction was investigated radiochemically over the energy range of 5 to 14 MeV using highly enriched target material. From the measured excitation function the thick target yield of 64Cu was calculated as 6.6 MBq/μA⋅h. A comparison with other production routes is given. For production of 140Nd, both natCe(3He,xn)140Nd and 141Pr(p,2n)140Nd processes were studied. For the 141Pr(p,2n)140Nd reaction the results are consistent with the literature data in the early rising part of the excitation function; at higher energies, however, our values differ considerably. The yields of 140Nd via these reactions amount to 22 and 128 MBq/μA⋅h, respectively. The excitation function of the 192Os(p,n)192Ir reaction was measured from 6 to 20 MeV and the yield of 192Ir was calculated to be 0.16 MBq/μA⋅h.


THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF A VEHICLE DURING AN OFF-THE-ROAD MANEUVER DEPENDS ON MANY ROADWAY AND VEHICLE PARAMETERS. OF PRIMARY IMPORTANCE ARE SUCH FACTORS AS SPEED AND EXIT ANGLE, SLOPE STEEPNESS, SLOPE OF THE DITCH, AND OTHER RELATED GEOMETRIC AND OPERATIONAL FEATURES. THIS RESEARCH APPROACH TO INVESTIGATING ROADSIDE TRAVERSALS INVOLVED USE OF THE HIGHWAY-VEHICLE-OBJECT STIMULATION MODEL IN CONJUNCTION WITH 24 FULL-SCALE VEHICLE TESTS. THIS PAPER PRESENTS THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY. INCLUDED ARE DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FULL-SCALE METHODOLOGY AND A DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OBTAINED. TENTATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PRESENTED FOR DESIGN OF V-DITCHES AND SMALL-RADIUS ROUND DITCHES FOR VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF SIDE AND BACK SLOPE.


Nesidiocoris tenuis (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a predator of some major pests of Solanaceae crops, yet it is scarcely used in biological control because it also feeds on plants and may damage crops. The study of N. tenuis biology may promote the ability to use it as a biological control agent. Because N. tenuis, like some other insect taxa, oviposits into plant tissues, its eggs are hard to detect. This limits our ability to study N. tenuis – plant interactions. We therefore looked for a staining method for plant‐embedded eggs, which will allow their detection within tomato plants, a common host of N. tenuis. We first used lactophenol solution with acid fuchsin to stain eggs inside tomato foliage. Because of the high toxicity of lactophenol, we later substituted lactophenol with a lactoglycerol solution, which was found to be similarly efficient. Five minutes immersion in the staining solution at 80°C followed by a two‐minute soak in hot water made the eggs stain deep red, while the foliage became transparent and was stained weak red. Eggs within leaves were easily visible under 10–30× magnification with sub‐stage lighting; top‐lighting was needed for the detection of eggs embedded in less‐transparent tissues such as stems. This rapid staining method improves the ability to study some important biological aspects of N. tenuis, such as its fecundity. Also, the elimination of phenol made the method cheaper and safer to use. Finally, this method may be adapted for other arthropod–plant systems.


The Environmental Law can be considered as the symbol of our days and the precaution principle may be considered one of its more precious elements since it is a rule based on a typical element of post-modernity, as are the dangerous aspects of scientific


The addition of distributed PV sources to low voltage distribution networks instigate issues to various operational parameters of the network. With modern smart inverters having controllable settings for voltage and power injection these issues can be alleviated. An Intelligent method utilising smart inverter functionalities of a PV source in a distribution network is proposed in present work to minimise, the power import from the grid, reduce network losses and minimise the magnitude of voltage violation. The optimal settings depend on load and generation variables. In order to reduce computational complexity, a scenario-based method is used to handle these stochastic components in the system. A Non-Sorted Genetic Algorithm (NSGA) is used for optimising the smart inverters parameters. The proposed scheme is envisaged to be realised by a Distribution Management System (DMS) which measures and coordinates all the smart inverters within the distribution feeder.


Computer simulation of radar imagery was used to investigate spaceborne stereo radar. The major conclusions reached are that stereo pairs representing different angles of incidence with the same look-direction appear best and that the angles of incidence and stereo intersection angle be matched to the slope and relief of terrain. A parametric tradeoff analysis was performed for eleven different angles of incidence over three different model areas. The eleven angles spanned the range from small-to large-incidence angles. The three model areas were selected as typical of relatively flat, moderately rough, and mountainous terrain. The stereo pair judged best for each model area are included.


As SRAM-based field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are introduced in safety- or mission-critical applications, the availability of suitable Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools for predicting systems dependability becomes mandatory for designers. Nowadays designers can opt either for workload-independent EDA tools, which provide information about system's dependability disregarding the workload the system is supposed to elaborate when deployed in the mission, or workload-dependent approaches. In this paper, we compare two tools for predicting the effects of soft errors in circuits implemented using SRAM-based FPGAs, a workload-independent one (STAR) and a workload-dependent one (FLIPPER). Experimental results show that the two tools are complementary and can be used fruitfully for obtaining accurate predictions.


Protein digestion trials were conducted with 4 moose (Alces alces) fed isocaloric diets varying in crude protein from 8 to 16%. Maintenance requirement for nitrogen was 0.627 ? 0.073 g/kg BW075/day. This represented a minimum dietary crude protein content of 6.8 ? 0.8%. Each additional unit of ingested nitrogen resulted in 0.346 ? 0.140 units increase in retained body nitrogen and 0.561 ? 0.140 units increase in urinary nitrogen loss. Metabolic fecal nitrogen was 0.457 g/100 g dry matter consumed. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 51(2):352-357 Moose are an important species in Alaska, valued both aesthetically and as a source of meat. As human populations increase, competition for the moose resource will intensify, thereby requiring imaginative and scientifically reliable management. Recent studies (Moen 1973, Robbins 1973, Wallmo et al. 1977, Hobbs and Swift 1985) advocated predicting habitat carrying capacity for ungulates based upon an understanding of animal nutrition. The concept of biological carrying capacity balances nutritional requirements of the animal with the nutrients supplied from the vegetation. Crude protein and digestible energy have been considered as the most frequently limiting nutrients supplied by the range forage (Moen 1973, Wallmo et al. 1977). Available literature concerning nutrient requirements, metabolic rates, and digestive capabilities for deer (Odocoileus spp.) is extensive. The literature is replete with information on food habits of moose (Peek 1974), but studies of their nutritional requirements are rare (Hjeljord et al. 1982, Renecker and Hudson 1985, Schwartz et al. 1986). We examined protein digestion in moose to better understand their protein requirements and to facilitate predicting carrying capacities of the ranges they oc-


Organizations increasingly set up multiteam projects for the development of highly complex products. While team research has emphasized the importance of team-internal processes for smaller scale projects, we know little about collaborative processes (especially between teams) in such large-scale projects. This study utilizes a multi-informant longitudinal research design on a product development project (39 teams, 36 months) in the European automotive industry investigating collaboration between and within teams. The results of the study demonstrate that interteam coordination, project commitment, and teamwork quality as rated by the team members at Time 1 (Month 12; end of concept phase) are significantly correlated to project managers' ratings of overall team performance at Time 3 (Month 36; end of project). The process variables measured at Time 2 (Month 24; end of design phase) display generally weaker correlations with team performance at Time 3. Multiple regression analyses further detail the effects of collaborative processes within and between teams on different measures of team performance (i.e., overall performance, quality, budget, schedule). The results show that collaborative processes during the project have predictive properties in regard to later team performance and can serve as early warning indicators. Furthermore, the results of this study provide support for our hypotheses predicting positive relationships between interteam coordination, project commitment, and teamwork quality. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.


In theory, and under some quite strong assumptions, there exists a tight quantitative relationship among the following four fundamental economic concepts: (1) "wealth"; (2) "income"; (3)"sustainability"; (4) "accounting". These four basic concepts are placed in quotation marks here because a necessary first step will be to carefully and rigorously define what exactly is meant by each concept. In this paper, I review what is known about this important four-fold quantitative relationship in an ultra-simplified setting. I identify some basic applications of this simplified economic theory of wealth and income (and sustainability and accounting). While the contents of this paper are expressed at a very high level of abstraction and require many restrictive assumptions, I believe that the fundamental four-fold relationship it sharply highlights is useful for conceptualizing, at least in principle, what is "wealth" and what is its theoretical relationship to "income,""sustainability,"and "accounting."


It is known from the ubiquitous presence of plastic additives in the environment (air, water and land) worldwide, that the human body anywhere (including the Arctic) is bombarded by these compounds daily. It is not surprising then there is ubiquitous presence of plastic additives in human bodily fluids around the world, facilitated by the numerous pathways of these organic compounds into our bodies. It has been shown that Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates upset the hormonal balance in the human body, more in some than in others. In particular, BPA has been demonstrated to cause an adverse effect on sperm and fertility. The United States Food and Drug Administration has expressed "concern about the potential effects of Bisphenol A on the brain, behavior, and prostate gland in fetuses, infants, and young children." Additionally, that endocrine disruptors can cause phenotypes to form, foretell consequences in the fields of environmental contaminants, evolutionary biology and disease pathology. There is thus suspicion that occurrences of homosexuality, lesbianism and transgender characteristics can partly be attributed to these modern environmental contaminants (introduced by mankind). Research needs to be done to establish this suspicion.


The present study investigates the causality-in-variance between macroeconomic variables and the stock market in Singapore from November 1990 to March 2013. This study utilizes the [Sanso, A, V Arago and JL Carrion (2004). Testing for change in the unconditional variance of financial time series. Revista de Economia Financiera, 4, 32–53.] test to detect the structural break in variance; a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) process to model volatility; and the cross correlation function (CCF) causality method. The results demonstrate that the most important macroeconomic causes of stock market volatility in Singapore is exchange rate volatility. The findings provide preliminary insights on risk elements for policy makers monitoring the stability of financial markets by providing insights about volatility spillovers and risk transmission between the stock market and macroeconomic variables in Singapore.


The present study aims to investigate the tribological behavior of electroless Ni-P-W coating under engine oil lubricated condition to ascertain its suitability in automotive applications. Coating is deposited onto mild steel specimens by the electroless method. The experiments are carried out on a pin - on - disc type tribo tester under lubrication. Three tribotesting parameters namely the applied normal load, sliding speed and sliding duration are varied at their three levels and their effects on the wear depth of the deposits are studied. The experiments are carried out based on the combinations available in Taguchi's L27 orthogonal array (OA). Optimization of the tribo-testing parameters is carried out using Taguchi's S/N ratio method to minimize the wear depth. Analysis of variance carried out at a confidence level of 99% indicates that the sliding speed is the most significant parameter in controlling the wear behavior of the deposits. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction techniques. It is seen that the wear mechanism under lubricated condition is abrasive in nature.


1. Using the tight‐seal whole‐cell recording technique, we studied the effects of noradrenaline (NA) on the spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents (IPSCs) of stellate and Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar slices. 2. In both types of cells, NA (10 microM) induced a marked increase in the frequency of the IPSCs. This effect was observed both in the absence and in the presence of TTX in the saline bathing the cerebellar slices. 3. The NA‐induced increase in frequency of IPSCs and miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) in the two cell types was mimicked by bath applications of isoprenaline (10 microM) and of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin (20 microM). Neither phenylephrine nor clonidine changed the frequency of IPSCs in stellate or Purkinje cells. 4. In stellate cells, the beta‐agonists and forskolin had variable effects on the amplitudes of both IPSCs and mIPSCs. None of these compounds altered the amplitude of mIPSCs in Purkinje cells. 5. The responses to local applications of GABA to Purkinje cells were unchanged by bath applications of beta‐adrenergic agonists or forskolin. A decrease in the response to GABA after treatment with these agents was observed in half the stellate cells examined. 6. We conclude that the major effect of NA on stellate and Purkinje cells is an increase in the frequency of occurrence of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents. This action is exerted through the activation of beta‐adrenergic receptors and is probably mediated by an intracellular mechanism involving cAMP. The beta‐adrenergic modulation of IPSC frequency takes place at the presynaptic level and may involve a change in the process of transmitter release.


Summary Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in a wave tank under regular water waves propagating and breaking on a 1=15 sloping beach. To obtain more accurate measurements, the domain from the initiation of the breaking to the swash zone is splited in fourteen overlapping windows. The full field is reconstructed at each time step by gathering the fourteen synchronized PIV fields. We measured then the complete space-time evolution of velocity field over the whole surf zone. From these data the ensemble-period-average and phase-average components of the flow with their associated fluctuating parts were computed. Moreover using the light intensity of the PIV images and velocity measurements, we estimated the void fraction in each point of the surf zone and at each time step. INTRODUCTION : EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHOD Experiments were conducted in the Ecole Centrale wave tank in Marseilles. The glass-windowed tank is 17m long and 0:65m width. The water depth in front of the wavemaker is about 0:705m. A polyvinyl 1/15 sloping beach was mounted on the bottom. The beach, which is about 13m long, is partly made with transparent glass in order to let the laser light sheet cross vertically the beach from the bottom to the free surface. To characterize the wave field, water elevation was measured with a set of six resistive wave gauges. Velocity field in the water was measured with a PIV technique. In the foam generated during the breaking event, seeds were not clearly visible. Then, the PIV intercorrelation algorithm was not really based on particle displacements, but much more on micro-foam structure and bubble displacements, as explained in (1). In this experiment, the length of the surf zone was about 3 m long. In order to retrieve the full velocity field all along this distance, we made camera PIV measurements in fourteen different locations ranging from the incipient breaking location up to the swash zone. The size of the PIV images was 37x37 cm 2 . We synchronized PIV image acquisition and wave gauge data using the same time trigs and duration acquisitions for all experiments. This synchronization allowed us to reconstruct, at each time step, a full velocity field covering the entire surf zone. Such experimental measurements and analysis are very time consuming and only one paddle condition for regular waves was conducted. The wave period was T = 1:275s and the surf similarity parameter was ‡ = 0:28. The breaking process starts with a plunging phase, followed by successive splash-up, then the wavefront moves into a roller propagating towards the shore. The PIV acquisition rate was 10Hz, so with the chosen wave period, the duration of 51 successives PIV velocity field corresponds exactly to 4 wave periods. Consequently all the PIV velocity fields separated by 51 PIV time steps were exactly in phase. By averaging the instantaneous fields corresponding to each phase, the phase-average field and its corresponding fluctuating part were obtained. The different terms that appear in the fluctuating kinetic energy propagation equation can be also estimated (2). We estimated at each time step, the void fraction in each point of the domain by means of light intensity image analysis and vertically-integrated velocity considerations in the domain. We used light scattering theory with a Lambert law to relate void fraction with light intensity.


By integrating the concepts of self-certified public key and signcryption,a secure and efficient self-certified signcryption scheme from bilinear pairings is proposed.It can guarantee the confidentiality and authenticity when the message is transmitted and prevent certificate authority to personate the user.The verifier can verify the authenticity of public key and validate signcryption simultaneously.The scheme is more efficient than the existing ones in terms of communication overheads and computation cost.It have more practical value in applications of E-commerce and other fields.


Artificial Searching Swarm Algorithm (ASSA) is a new optimization algorithm. This paper presents two type behaviors rules of searching swarm, and discusses the performance of the algorithm based on the different rules. By analyzing the simulation results, an improved ASSA with mutative searching step is proposed. The function simulation tests prove that the improved algorithm implements better performance than that of original algorithm in both searching precision and convergent speed.


The main objective of this paper is to examine the effect of Trading Volume on excess return using the Fama-French three factor model of listed companies in Kenya. The research study employed a Quantitative research design to analyses the effect of Trading Volume on excess returns in Nairobi Security Exchange (NSE) during the period 2006 to 2015. Secondary data was used for this study. The study utilized descriptive statistics, correlation, unit root test, Heteroscedasticity, and Autocorrelation test as diagnostic tests. The regression results revealed that Market premium and Value premium (HML) and Trading Volume have a high explanatory power while the size premium (SMB) has a low explanatory power.


The last nineteenth century was, in many senses, a modernization period characterized by the irruption of the crowd in the life of European societies. A large number of books, articles and novels appeared at this time just to explain this new fact. Damiano Palano's book, (Il potere della moltitudine. L'invenzione dell'inconscio collettivo nella teoria politica e nelle scienze sociali tra Otto e Novecento) is a deep and extensive study of this intellectual production motivated by the impact of multitude in European consciousness.


The early Early Cambrian strata within the bounds of Guizhou Province are almost predominated by black shale deposition. Recently, however, the authors have found a section consisting of a set of mudstones interbedded with limestones at the basement of the Cambrian at Yingping, Fuquan County, Guizhou Province, which provides favorable conditions for the study of marine geochemical characteristics of the early Early Cambrian. The characteristics of intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary at Yingping, Fuquan County, Guizhou Province, can be correlated with those of global carbon isotopic anomalies at the same time on a global scale, corresponding to the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies near the Neoproterozoic/Cambrian boundaries at the bottom of the Xiaowaitoushan Member, Huize, Yunnan Province, at the top of the Tsagaan Oloom Formation of Mongolia and at the top of the Salarmy Gol Formation of Siberia, as well as those observed in southwestern United States, Iran, Amman, Poland, Newfoundland, the Great Britain, Canada, etc. Negative carbon isotopic anomalies can be used as the important basis for the division of the Precambrian/Cambrian boundaries. There have been found 8 m-thick black shales and cherts below the intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies in this profile. In the black shales there have been found large amounts of fossils such as Bradorida, gernus Archotuba, indicating that during the period of sedimentation of black shales under anaerobic conditions there would be large quantities of organic species living in the sea. But in the section of grayish-green mudstones interbedded with limestones with intense negative carbon isotopic anomalies almost no organic fossil has been found. This may imply that the anaerobic event seems to have little bearing on the mass extinction near the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary, whereas the intense negative carbon isotopic anomaly event appears to be more closely related to the mass extinction occurring near the Preca


A clean technology for producing sodium saccharin was established by conducting overall modification of the conventional technology,and the modified technology was applied in industrial production of sodium saccharin.It has been found that the new technology is advantageous in that the raw materials and energy sources can be recycled and reused more efficiently,and the wastewater is qualified in terms of Chinese national standard for discharge.At the same time,the castoff and its treatment charge is decreased;the clean producing ability is improved greatly;the economic benefit,social benefit and environmental benefit are remarkable.This indicates that the new technology can be well used to save energy,reduce consumption and pollution,and increase efficiency for production of sodium saccharin.


This paper describes a research and development program which resulted in the development of methods for carrying out drilling operations in waters where icebergs are present. The scope of the work is large, and the description is general rather than technically detailed. It is intended as an example of how research and planning can provide new techniques and equipment by the time they are needed, so as to avoid the costly mistakes which can easily be made in new operating regions.


The aims of this research are to find out that extent parents are involved in their children reading comprehension at home and to know the factors trigger the communication between parents and the English teacher toward the students reading comprehension. By using the qualitative research this study described the research finding using a triangulation technique to gather the data from the questionnaires, interview, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from 10 parents and one english teacher at SMA Negeri 1 Lampasio. The data analysis indicates two things. The first, parents role toward the students' reading comprehension is Low. It was found by the result of questionnaire that showed there were 10%-20% parents involved in their child reading comprehension at home. The second, the factors triggers the communication between parents and the English teacher were progress report that given by the English teacher to parents used an examination sheet and the same living place between parents and the English teacher.


The full-length cDNA encoding a translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) has been isolated from cDNA library of Jatropha curcas L, denoted as Jc-Tctp1 with GenBank accession number EF091818. The Jc-Tctp1 is 1 410 bp in length that contains a 507 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 168 amino acid residures. The predicted structure of Jc-TCTP1 appeared to be consist of an α-helical core and a β-sheet core, which are composed of 3 major α-helices and 4 major β-sheets, respectively. A homologous microtubule binding (MTB) domain as well as a calcium binding (CaB) domain can also be identified from the predictions. The Jc-TCTP1 amino acid sequence is highly homologous to other TCTPs, such as from Hevea brasiliensis (93%), Elaeis guineensis (90%), Glycine max (85%), Oryza sativa (84%), Populus trichocarpa (85%), Lycopersicon esculentum (84%), Picea sitchensis (77%), Arabidopsis thaliana (80%) and Zea may (77%). The semi-quantitative RT-PCR results have shown that Jc-Tctp1 expression was the highest in the stem, endosperm atⅠstage and embryo of Jatropha curcas tissues, and the lowest in the endosperm at stage Ⅱ and flower, demonstrating a pattern of temporal and spatial specific expression. This might related to certain divergence in the phylogenic analysis of plant TCTP sequences where the selected monocots were not forming a separate cluster.


Fast tool servo technology plays important roles in manufacturing complex free-form surfaces for the modern optics industry. However, its stroke length is restricted to few tenths of microns due to the limited expansion of piezoelectric actuator. A long-stroke fast tool servo may be one of the possible ways to increase the stroke length for fulfilling the surface height requirement. This article proposes a novel approach to increase the stroke length. This article describes a novel fast tool servo diamond turning method with layered tool trajectories to extend the limited stroke length without modifying an existing fast tool servo system. The proposed method has successfully extended the effective fast tool servo stroke length to about fivefold of its maximum possible stroke length.


Abstract : An essential part of almost all air defense simulation models is the visibility subroutine. This subroutine performs the necessary computations and provides the data required to determine whether or not enemy aircraft or missiles may be detected by the air defense system radars. That is, whether or not they are within radar range and if they are masked by terrain irregularities and/or the curvature of the earth. The MAVD program is a new approach to the visibility subroutine and provides a completely general and, in many cases, a more accurate visibility subroutine. The Allocation program provides a systematic, objective method for computing the optimal deployment of any air defense system. (Author)


The paper is concerned with the problem that the service entity only has the partial field of vision in the grid service,and causes the service to be restricted for application.A mechanism of the macro self-organization evolvement workflow based on the D-S evidence theory is proposed,which is based on the entity network interactive behavior,solves the entity confidence level measure,transmission and combination questions by the D-S evidence theory,and expands the control rule of the confidence level in the D-S evidence theory,proposes the proportion trust control rule.The experimental result shows that the workflow performance has been enhanced by the way.


The present bibliograplucallist is a continuation of Hendrickx, So, Anal)1ical Bibliography of the Prehistory and the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt and NOlihern Sudan_ Egyptian Prehistory Monographs 1, Leuven, 1995Pre,ious additions have been published in Archeo-Nil 6 (996): 85-121; 7 (997): 151-168 and 8 (998): 129-147_ Similar to those ad(litions, the list is di'ided in two parts_ The first consists of publications which appeared between 1994 and 1998, while the second pali is made up by older publications wluch were pre,;ously unknown to me_ The numbering is continued from the original volume and the previous additions. Encyclopedic works and smailnotes relating to recent archaeolOgical activities have been treated as separate entries which of course enlarges the corpus considerably, but proved to be usefull ~ith regard to the site register. Off-prints, lists of publications or other bibliograplucal information were kindly put at our disposal by: B. Adams; A. AnseIin; B. Barich; L Bavay;). Billen; ).J. Castillos; G. Dreyer; C. Ede Ltd.; ).M. Eisenberg; C. Favard-Meeks; P.M. Fischer; R.E l'riedman; V.Hallier; U. Hartung; D. Huyge; A.H.Joffe;). Kahl; W. Kaiser; A. Kamel; E.C. Kiihler; B. Midant-Reynes; S.H_ Savage; S.]. Seidlmayer; K Sowada; S.P.1lltundzic; E.C.M. van den Brink; W. Van Neer; P. Van Peer; P.M.; Vermeersch; R. Vernet; 1. Watrin; F. Wendorf; J. van Wetering; D. Welsby; T.A.H. Wilkinson. Additions to this bibliography will continue to be published yearly in Archeo-Nil. Therefore, it would be most useful if scholars would send their publication lists, off-prints and additions or corrections to the author:


Abstract : Seabed drifters (SBD's) are inexpensive, current-following drogues widely used in oceanographic studies. This report gives new methods for interpreting SBD results, especially for coastal applications. The general forces responsible for SBD movement are described and contrasted with those responsible for moving sediment on the sea floor. Specific recommendations include that a prerelease desk study be done to rank the transport at the site of any contemplated SBD application. This ranking will help indicate how useful SBD's may be and provide the basis for selecting an experimental design appropriate for the site. A typical SBD design might include repeated releases of batches of SBD's from a number of stations during varying conditions. Recovery patterns will indicate the relative importance of spatial and temporal variations in the currents. Proper SBD interpretations include assessment of potential human and natural influences on the recovery patterns. Natural dispersion can be divided into a mean (or deterministic) component and a diffusive (or random) component. A methodology is given for quantifying these components. It is shown that the mean displacement of materials suspended in bottom water can exceed 100 km in a few days during a frontal passage or storm. It is important to understand large variations in the mean and random components of displacement to improve predictions of the likely fate of bottom materials. Better predictions can help maximize beneficial uses for dredged materials and minimize adverse effects from accidental ocean discharges that may be unrelated to dredging. (Continued) Bottom currents, Drogues, Onshore transport, Coastal Alabama, Fate of dredged materials, SBD(Seabed Drifter), Dispersion Longshore currents, Tracer


The synthesis of the 2-fluoroallylic ethers, esters, and alcohols involves the isomerization of the gem-fluorohalocyclopropanes to 2-fluoroallylic halides followed by nucleophilic substitution of a halide with an O-nucleophile.


Abstract This paper presents a historical outline of how Sápmi cultural heritage has been taken into consideration in EIAs within the Swedish Sápmi region. Since the first EIAs were drafted in Sweden in the late 1990s, the assessment of Sami cultural heritage has exclusively been limited to tangible heritage. Components, which the Sami people consider vital elements within their cultural heritage, such as traditional knowledge, biological heritage, and oral history, have not been taken into consideration. Since 1998, the Swedish National Heritage Board has allocated funds for the support of Sami cultural heritage with four support programs between 1998 and 2012. These programs focused exclusively on tangible cultural heritage. In 2010, the Swedish Sami People's National Association published guidelines on how Sami land use should be integrated into the EIA process. The document includes a clear presentation of the Sami people's worldview and clarifies what they consider their cultural heritage. The following year Swedish Sami Ragnhild Svonni, representing the same organization at the Swedish National Heritage Board's annual conference, spoke about the Sami people and their cultural heritage. Nonetheless, EIAs nowadays are still compiled with a rigorously objectified and westernized point-of-view with little consideration to the Sami people's worldview.


The boundary layer approach in the contact interface is an important development for the study of the visco-elastic materials in various contact conditions. The information of boundary condition data-base reflect complex properties of visco-elastic material with various impact conditions. In this paper, the application of computer simulation and related numerical result on the contact boundary-layer has been discussed. Numerical results and the asymptotic estimates were calculated. It is presented by the software which are consistent with the boundary-layer analysis in our previous papers. Therefore the contact interface has been analyzed with the asymptotic method in comparison with the stochastic computing. Keywordscrash; non-Newtonian; FEA simulations; Contact Boundary-layer;


THOMAS NAGEL has argued that 'true liberalism' excludes appeals to conceptions of the good in political argument. According to Nagel, liberalism's impartiality is grounded not in skepticism but, rather, in its commitment to 'epistemological restraint.' As he puts it, 'We accept a kind of epistemological division between the private and the public domains: in certain contexts I am constrained to consider my beliefs merely as beliefs rather than as truths, however convinced I may be that they are true, and that I know it.' Nagel's notion of epistemological restraint has been roundly criticized by perfectionist liberals and advocates of liberal neutrality alike. In fact, even Nagel has come to reject the epistemological argument—in part, because of the epistemological asymmetry that it presupposes. In this paper, I offer an answer to Nagel's critics, one that makes the notion of epistemological asymmetry coherent. In so doing, I show how to defend liberal neutrality without embracing skepticism. I structure the paper in the following way: Section II lays out the critique of epistemological restraint; Section III defends the coherence of this notion; and Section IV considers an objection to the analysis developed in Section III.


The present invention discloses a blend of polylactic acid-based material and method for preparing the foamed material therefrom, and method, the main component of the blend material, PLA elastomer mass ratio of (70 to 90) :( 30 ~ 10), and the elastomer mass and PLA is actually registered, the chain extender is a mass fraction of 0.2 to 2.0%; the preparation method is the PLA blends, elastomer and mechanically mixed chain extender to form a pre proportioning mixing and then melt blended premix was fed into a reactor extruder, to obtain a polylactic acid based blends. The method of preparing the foamed material is made of polylactic acid-based blends placed in an autoclave chamber, a supercritical fluid through the foam, or the resulting material is added to polylactic acid-based blended injection molding machine or extruder machine, by a supercritical fluid foaming. The resulting blend of the present invention, a material not only has high toughness and strength while also maintaining the original polylactic acid material.


Youth, parties and drinking is a well-known mix. Most often it is social and fun. A sense of freedom can be present: You can do things that are prohibited in other circumstances. But sometimes things go wrong, boundaries are crossed, and someone ends up violated. This chapter explores such situations: sexual assaults that happen at parties or related to social drinking situations among youth. The aim is to understand the types of experience they represent for the victim: In what sense was the incident a violation? The empirical basis for our analysis is women's narratives about party-related sexual assaults in their youth. The analysis points towards four main types of experience: manipulative assaults, opportunistically exploited vulnerability, situational appeal (effervescence) and scripted entrapment. These experiences are differentiated by the victim's degree of agency in the sexual interaction and her interest in the assailant(s) or the social situation per se. We suggest that victims' understandings of what happened to them hinge on how their experience relates to these dimensions. However, this is not the whole story. Victims' interpretations of sexual assault situations are also impacted by their perception of the assailant's position in the gender market: Situations involving assailants with low socio-sexual status are more often recognized as assaults.


The design of real-time systems for safety-critical applications depends heavily on the normal operation of system, in critical conditions. In these applications, among of real-time tasks, a critical task must be immediately scheduled at its arrival time immediately; otherwise, it leads to a system failure and disasters in safety-critical applications. A major problem in real-time systems included critical tasks, is unpredictable arrival of these tasks. To resolve the problem, a kind of scheduler, called "super scheduler", is employed. The problem can be more complex, in a hierarchical real-time system. A hierarchical real-time system consists of several realtime sub-systems, called "components". Hence, using super scheduler for each component of the system, needs to special considerations. On the arrival of a critical task, the super scheduler preempts the currently running tasks and alters the priority of all existence tasks. When the critical task is completed, the preempted tasks are executed in their new priority order. This guarantees the completion of the critical and almost all other non-critical tasks before their deadlines, and therefore the stability of the component. To guarantee the stability of a hierarchical real-time system, all its components should be stable. This paper presents a model to guarantee the stability of a hierarchical real-time system included a critical task in each component. Moreover, a fault tolerance method has been applied for all components. Evaluation results show that the proposed technique improves the stability of a hierarchical real-time system included critical tasks by decreasing the number of tasks which miss their deadline.


The author analyses the novels by Ivan Turgenev in which his ethnical and aesthetical views were fully reflected, and the forthcoming analysis of the novels by Turgenev brings the influence of Friedrich Schiller` ideas upon Turgenev`s world outlook and artistic method, the collusion of the proximity of moral philosophic and aesthetic positions of the German and Russian writers. The article traces the evolution of Turgenev`s orientation to Schiller`s literary tradition. Most Schiller`s reminiscences in Turgenev`s work play a merely literary role. The connection between the two writers is expressed through similarity of themes and ideas, the speech manner of positive characters and the portrayal of love in its various manifestations. «Schiller`s reflections» in works of the Russian classical writer enable emphasising the idealistic aspect of Turgenev`s writing. Re-evaluation of philosophical and poetic idealism makes Turgenev connect Schiller`s imagery with reminiscences of the past and romantic outburst. The images of idealists in Turgenev`s works are based on Schiller`s concept of detachment, perceived as a slogan. Turgenev often portrays Russian Schiller-based philosophy as an everyday phenomen of the late 1830s-early 1840s. Schiller in Turgenev`s work is introduced in the real political and social context of the new times.


Alternative technical concepts (ATCs) have yielded innovative solutions to complicated design issues in a wide range of highway projects. Through ATCs, proposers are allowed to suggest modifications to a contract requirement to provide a project design equal to or better than the one described in the solicitation. However, the realization of such benefits requires a well-structured ATC mechanism, and the project's solicitation documents need to be drafted in a manner that clearly communicates the owner's project goals and ensures fairness and confidentiality to competing contractors. This paper describes the submittal, evaluation, approval, and review procedures currently followed by state transportation agencies to implement ATCs. The study employed a survey that was sent to all state departments of transportation (42 of which responded), in addition to a content analysis of the solicitation documents of 65 ATC projects from 24 agencies. The paper finds that care must be taken to ensure that competing contractors are not discouraged from pursuing ATCs as a result of onerous documentation requirements for ATC submittals. The results also show that the ATC submittal procedures should provide detailed guidance on the conduct and character of one-on-one meetings with competitors, the content of a responsive ATC submittal, and the procedures for the rectification of errors, omissions, and ambiguities. The document should also be clear about what constitutes an ATC and describe the ATC evaluation and review process, as well as the process for presenting proposed ATCs. The ATC evaluation criteria should be known when the solicitation is first published.


Nowadays, the University remains to be a place of reflexion, nevertheless inside the historical process, it should play a role as an organization of services because, as an institution, it manages academically information to render individual and general services to the country and community. It is required a managerial and not a mere administrative University which focus its attention toward the total quality as well as the education of executive students and toward the re-estructuration of their roles. The managerial University centred in the total quality brings important benefits to the University as an Institution. This makes the University be able to continue with the fulfillment of its aims and direct at the future without forgetting that the University, as an Institution of spirit, as a place of dialogue, and as a place of entertainment of the history, become in a "cold factory" of professionals, technical services and even of different products. In this review, we scheduled the principles developped in the Faculty of Medicine from San Fernando in cosidering their true potentials in order to make the organizational and aducational changes, and incorporating them into plans as an educative and pedagogical philosophy typical of our faculty in order to continue to be a leader in medicine.


The compressibility of natural clays is influenced by numerous factors: strain rate, temperature, sampling disturbance, stress path, and some restructuring factors. The first part of the paper reviews the effects of these factors, in particular of strain rate and temperature. The influence of drainage conditions on the effective stress-strain curves followed in various subelements of a consolidating clay layer is also discussed. In a second part, in-situ conditions are considered. In the overconsolidated range, and at the preconsolidation pressure, the behavior is influenced by most of the aforementioned factors, and can be compared with laboratory test results only on the basis of a semiempirical approach. In the normally consolidated range, major factors are strain rate and temperature, and their effect can be evaluated. In some cases, however, structuring phenomena can exist and decrease the viscous effects. Finally, practical conclusions concerning the evaluation of long-term settlements are given.


Teachers, administrators, researchers, reformers, government leaders, parents, and others have long extolled the benefits that computer-based learning could have in schools: Educational video games, often referred to as "edutainment" or "serious" games, could make learning fun and motivating, especially for today's students. Computers offer a way to customize instruction and allow students to learn in the way they are best wired to process information, in the style that conforms to them, and at a pace that matches their own. Computer-based learning on a large scale is also less expensive than the current labor-intensive system and could solve the financial dilemmas facing public schools. For all these reasons and more, taxpayers, philanthropies, and corporations have spent more than $60 billion to equip schools with computers in just the last two decades. And yet the machines have made hardly any impact. As Stanford professor Larry Cuban has documented, computers have merely sustained how schools already operate. Computers typically sit quietly, unused, in computer labs and in the back of classrooms. True, students do research on the Internet; they type up reports using word processing programs; they might even construct multimedia presentations with them. Teachers sometimes use them to present content. And schools teach computer skills. But computers have not fundamentally transformed the way learning is accomplished or how the classroom operates. Computers do not deliver instruction. The teacher is still at the center of the classroom. And research shows that students who have access to computers in school don't necessarily perform better on standardized exams. That schools have gotten little back from their investment in technology should come as no surprise. Virtually every organization does the same thing schools have done when implementing an innovation. An organization's natural instinct is to cram the innovation into its existing operating model to sustain what it already does. This is the predictable course, the logical course--and the wrong course. The way to implement an innovation so that it will transform an organization is to implement it disruptively--not by using it to compete against the existing paradigm and serve existing customers, but to let it compete against "non-consumption," where the alternative is nothing at all. The Disruptive Innovation Theory To convey what we mean, we first need to explain what disruption is. In every market, there are two trajectories: the pace at which technology improves and a slower pace at which customers can utilize the improvements. Customers' needs tend to be relatively stable over time, whereas technology improves at a much faster rate. Products and services that are initially not good enough for the typical customer ultimately pack in more features and functions than customers can use. We call innovations that sustain the leading companies' trajectory in an industry sustaining innovations. Some are dramatic breakthroughs, while others are routine. Airplanes that fly farther, computers that process faster, and televisions with incrementally or dramatically clearer images are all sustaining innovations. Importantly, it does not matter how technologically challenging the innovation is. As long as the innovation helps the leaders make better products that they can sell for better profits to their best customers, they figure out a way to do it. On occasion, however, we see a disruptive innovation. A disruptive innovation is not a breakthrough improvement. Instead of sustaining the leading companies' place in the original market, it disrupts that trajectory by offering a product or service that actually is not as good as what companies are already selling. Because the disruptive innovation is not as good as the existing product or service, the customers in the original market cannot use it. Instead, the disruptive innovation extends its benefits to people who, for one reason or another, are unable to consume the original product, so-called non-consumers. …


Although rectal bleeding affects up to 15 percent of all adults, only a minority seek medical help. This community-based study mailed questionnaires to 2000 adults in two British general practices to determine why some patients choose not to …


Summary In a judgment of 1 April 2011, the UK's Competition Appeal Tribunal ("CAT") allowed the appeals brought by three companies (and certain subsidiaries) in the construction recruitment…


Fungal infections are prevalent in a tropical country like India. Pharmacotherapy of fungal disease has been revolutionized by the introduction of relatively less toxic oral drugs, com- bination therapy, and new formulations of older agents. However, data regarding antifungal drug usage patterns in India must be more present. Hence, this study was planned to study the prescribing pattern and to compare the cost of antifungal drugs in patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital. It was a cross-sectional, observational study carried out at GCS Hospital, Ahmedabad, from April 2021 to Sept 2021. Prescriptions of 130 patients were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel version 2013. A total of 213 antifungal drugs were prescribed to 130 patients. Most patients, 81 (62.3%) were from the 18-40 age group. Combined antifungal treatment (Oral + Topical) was prescribed in 77(59.2%). The most common class of antifungal drugs was imidazole 107 (50.23%), and clotrimazole was the most familiar drug. The most common indication for antifungal therapy was tinea cruris (45.38%). An average of 3.75 drugs were prescribed per prescription, of which 1.63 were antifungal drugs. Combined treatment of oral and topical antifungal drugs was common in dermatological practice. However, the cost of the treatment can be reduced by prescribing generic drugs.


This research aims to evaluating the digital library's interface of
Muhammadiyah UniversityYogyakarta. The type of this research is quantitative
descriptive. The subject of the research in this study were the active students or
usersas member of the library of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University. The
object of the research in this study is the evaluation of the digital library's
interface. The method of collecting data through questionnaires which applies
likert scale of four alternative answer. Meanwhile the supporting data are
collected from interview, observation and documentation. The population of this
research are all members in the library of Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta University,
which the number ofstudents in the university is 20,429. Samples technique are
used samples saturated with 100 students from calculated by the Taro Yamane's
formula. The Sampling wasselected by sampling incidental technique. This
research resultedas the interface evaluation is 2.92 that categoryzed is good. The
highest value obtained indicator is a visual sequence and the user's focus with
result 3.11, meanwhile the lowest value obtained indicator israte of errors by
userswith result 2.7. Researcher suggest that Muhammadiyah University
Yogyakarta's library is to hold a digital library user education and to fix
suitability of the digital library's interfaces with media such as Smartphone.


We have developed a new practical method for quantifying metallic contaminants with concentrations as low as 109 atoms/cm2 on silicon wafer surfaces. It is named "VPT-TXRF" and uses vapor-phase treatment (VPT) with a total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis (TXRF) system. VPT can change the form of metallic impurities on the surface from thin-film type to particulate type and thus the detected X-ray intensity is increased because of the inherent nature of TXRF, namely, the angular dependence of fluorescence yield. By this method, high sensitivity was achieved within a practical measuring time of 500 s, while maintaining the original surface contamination distribution of the wafers. We are convinced that this method will become the most useful monitoring method for the critical process contamination of the future ultra-large-scale-integration (ULSI) manufacturing line.


A nanoporous metal–organic framework (MIL-100(Fe)) has been synthesized by dry gel conversion for the first time from metallic iron and trimesic acid in the absence of any acid (excluding organic linker), salt, or fluoride.


Cardiovascular responses to isoflurane–nitrous oxide–oxygen anesthesia were studied in 32 older patients undergoing surgical operations. In half of the patients, anesthesia was induced with isoflurane alone, in the remainder, with isoflurane and thiopental All were intubated and mechanically ventilated to maintain normal Paco Stroke volume, heart rate, cardiac output, systemic resistance, systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, and central venous pressure changes were generally similar to those found by other investigators in patients not undergoing surgical operations, except that we observed an increased systemic resistance. A decrease in stroke volume was counterbalanced by increases in pulse rate and systemic resistance, so that the total effect on cardiac output and arterial pressures was negligible. The cardiovascular responses that we found suggest that isoflurane may counteract primary myocardial depression by autonomic mechanisms similar to those seen with diethyl ether anesthesia.


Flue gas desulfurization using iron in Fenton's reagent,Fe/H2O2,to remove SO2 has been demonstrated. The effects of varying the mass concentration of H2O2,dosage of Fe,gas flow rate and inlet volume fraction on desulfurization efficiency were studied using a simple bubbler designed in our laboratory. High desulfurization levels were observed even when the mass concentration of H2O2 was only 6 g/L. The optimum dosage of Fe was found to be 4.2 g/L. The removal efficiency of SO2 was above 99% when the gas flow rate was 400 L/h,and was unaffected by the inlet volume fraction. Similar results were demonstrated in a ring packed tower experiment.


Cell adhesion between surfaces of cells and to extracellular matrices represents a fundamental mechanism in tissue organization and influences the biological behaviour and the architecture of tumors. We investigated the expression of various adhesion molecules in normal skin (n=5), nevi (n=29), and malignant melanoma (n=10) by immunohistochemistry. Special attention was paid to the correlation between adhesion molecule expression and the respective architectural features, e.g. UV‐induced morphological changes, and the arrangement of melanocytes in congenital nevi. In nevi, a single erythemagenic close of UV‐light did not influence the influence expression of melanocytes, but results in an upregulation of α3β1‐ and α6β1‐integrin within the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. This suprabasal labelling was associated with an increased number of suprabasal melanocytes in UV‐irradiated nevi which were detected with HMB‐45 antibody. Nine of 10 congenital nevi demonstrated a labelling of α4β1‐integrin only in melanocytes of the deeper dermis. This integrin previously has been associated with high tumor thickness and the clinical outcome in melanomas. The integrin profile observed in melanomas differed in part from that seen in nevi with expression of β2‐and β3‐integrins in some cases. The results may indicate a correlation between adhesion molecule expression and histopathological findings in melanocytic lesions.


In the tricyclic nucleoside 7-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)-7H-imidazo[1,2-c]pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,3]triazine, C11H12N6O4, the conformation of the N-glycosyl bond is intermediate between anti and high anti [χ = −103.5 (3)°]. The ribofuranose moiety adopts a 3T2 sugar pucker (S-type sugar) and the conformation at the exocyclic C—C bond is ap (gauche–trans). Molecules of the title compound form a three-dimensional network via three medium–strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (one O—H⋯N and two O—H⋯O bonds).


Identical repetition composes drudgery that results in burnout. But besides identical, there can be repetition of daily routine, and also can be continuing creative novelty. We must dissolve burnout by turning identical repetition into regular routines of creative novelty. This essay is thus composed of three sections, drudgery, repetition, and creativity.


Small is big: Is Nanoamorphous Better than Amorphous Solid Dispersion and Nanocrystalline in Pharma? Keat Theng Chow1, David Cheng Thiam Tan2, and Rajeev Gokhale3 1Abbott Laboratories, Established Pharmaceuticals Division, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island 627833, Singapore 2Drug Product Development, Research and Development, Abbvie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA 3*Roquette Singapore Pte Ltd., 11 Biopolis Way, Helios # 05-06, 138667, Singapore


The enduring goal of social studies is citizenship education. This position paper discusses the challenges confronting the achievement of this goal in the implementation of the social studies curriculum at the Senior High School (SHS) level in Ghana. It identifies challenges such as the development hurdles of social studies in Ghana, notions of the "good citizen", and the way the subject is conceptualized, taught and examined at that level. It argues that even though social studies is not the only subject that imparts citizenship education to learners, its unique thrust and approach make it ideally appropriate to perform such a task. However, it acknowledges the fact that if social studies is to effectively deliver citizenship education, particularly at the SHS level, certain fundamental changes need to be made in the way the subject is conceptualized, taught and examined.


This paper analyses ethical aspects of care within the context of public health educative actions by highlighting the practice of nursing professionals from reflections and inquiries regarding the ethical dimension of care. The ethical relations of care imply human relationships and, consequently, complex relations. Therefore, it is necessary that each subject be respected and welcome according to his/her needs what requires the construction of ties, between the professional and the patient, regulated by ethics and respect. Finally, it is pointed out that ethics in nursing pervades a holistic view of the human being what allows the nurse to recognize his/her competences and responsibilities with the patients. It is up to these professionals to take over their commitment as health educators within this process of social reconstruction by struggling for the fulfillment of public health policies and by overcoming the assistance practice and by rescuing the quality in the attendance of the population by means of competent, responsible and humanized nursing care.