Industrial packaging contains the parts of final products and is used in the handling and transport of them from the component supplier to the manufacturing company. An increased interest and emphasis on industrial packaging is necessary if the associated potential benefits in terms of costs, efficiency and effectiveness of packaging related activities are to be realized (related activities are those that have an impact on or are affected by the use of packaging). The fundamental conditions for these resource savings opportunities start in the actual development process of industrial packaging. On the whole, insight into how to bring about these savings, or even that there are savings to be made (and in terms of what), has not yet been acknowledged or clearly understood from the point of view of manufacturing companies. In the research presented, two case studies were conducted at companies that are active world-wide. The first study encompasses two manufacturing companies; one in the automotive industry and one in the electronics industry. The second study encompasses three packaging suppliers delivering industrial packaging to these and other industrial segments. The purpose of this research is to describe deficiencies of the industrial packaging development processes and to explore potential changes dealt with in the same. It was found that the establishment of interdepartmental collaboration between the stakeholders of industrial packaging in the areas of logistics, engineering/design, packaging and purchasing was favorable in terms of spreading knowledge of the activities and hence objectives of each of the stakeholders involved. This can in turn remedy the dominance of certain objectives over others, especially when the overall beneficial situation of efficiency and effectiveness of the stakeholder activities is not taken into account. The results indicate that the objectives of manufacturing companies' purchasing functions to decide on the most cost effective packaging solution were often found to downplay the objectives and priorities of other stakeholders' activities in the supply chain. Another finding was the value of early supplier involvement, which was acknowledged by both actors as being important in terms of resource efficiency. Although the packaging suppliers argued that there has been an improvement in the timing of involvement, they claimed that manufacturing companies most frequently still involve the packaging suppliers at a late phase in the development process of industrial packaging. These research findings can be used as support for further research into aspects that impact the developmental process of packaging, especially as regards industrial packaging directed to intermediary customers. This research raises the importance, from a systems perspective, of acknowledging these customers' needs as well as other stakeholders' needs. To practice the findings of this research favor manufacturing companies interested in developing their packaging development strategy with particular emphasis on industrial packaging used for transport and handling. The research especially raises the importance of integrative and collaborative efforts among functional units. (Less)


Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that attacks the cervix causedby HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). Health Profile in 2010 states that thepercentage of cervical cancer is 19.70% per 10,000 populations. Forearly detection of cervical cancer is through examination of IVA or inIndonesian means Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid. IVA is a newmethod of early detection of cervical cancer by applying acetic acid(vinegar) into the cervix which is relatively cheap and effective. Data inthe Community Health Center of Karanganyar until 2010 obtained thenumber of 137 patients were positive with IVA. The number of patientswho have already done colposcopy were 32 patients, kreoterapy were 137patients and biopsy were 4 patients.This study was to determine the characteristics of fertile agewomen who had done (IVA) in Community Health Centre ofKaranganyar.This research was conducted using descriptive type of observationalresearch. The total sample were 76 respondents that taken by usingstratified random sampling technique for fertile age women who haddone IVA in the Community Health Center of Karanganyar in 2010.The data were collected by using questionnaires. Data analysis wasperformed using SPPS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version16.0.The results of 76 respondents showed that most respondentswere in the range of 30-40 years old (52.6%). The highestpercentage for the educational background were for primary/secondary education or the equal schools were 76.3%. The highestlevel of knowledge was in the enough category (40.8%). In marital statuscategory, the highest percentage was in one time married (88.2%),the highest percentage parity was responden that have two children,based on the use of contraceptive usage, the highest percentage usedinjective contraception (26.3%). Mostly the respondents indicatednegative with IVA (92.1 %).Keywords: Cervical Cancer, IVA, Characteristics of Fertile Age Women


Agricultural residues, particularly those from poultry activity, may have a negative impact, contributing to soil, water and air pollution. The composting process is an alternative to this. The objective of this work is to reuse these residues and evaluate the composting process at the laboratory level in four treatments: poultry manure + straw (P + S), poultry manure + straw + ash (P + S + A), poultry manure + straw + eggs (P + S + E), and poultry manure + straw + eggs + ash (P + S + E + A),all of them in the adequate proportions so that the carbon:nitrogen ratio is suitable for composting (C/N < 20). Additionally, for comparative studies, a semi-industrial pile level of 20 m 3 under environmental conditions and a bioassay of the final compost were carried out to measure its phytotoxicity. In order to evaluate the composting process, the physical and chemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], organic matter [OM], nitrogen [N] and C/N ratio) were analyzed, with their respective analysis of variance of multiple range, to determine the effect of the treatments; to compare the means, the least significant difference test was used at a level of significance of p ≤ 0.05. The results obtained from the different mixes of substrates during the time the compost was done, showed a good agronomic quality, not presenting concentrations of phytotoxic compounds that affect crops; therefore, it can be used as organic fertilizer and cultivation substrate.


Very probably. The chances of seeing twins are higher now than ever. Since the 1980s the twinning rate has increased by a third from 9 to 12 per 1000 deliveries, says a global overview in Human Reproduction .1 About 1.6 million twins are born each year worldwide—that's one in every 42 newborns.

A major reason is the growth in medically assisted reproduction including in vitro fertilisation (IVF), as well as ovarian stimulation and artificial insemination. They started in wealthier countries in …


The effects of various kinds of inorganic salts upon the physical properties of silica gel heated in the range up to 1200°C were studied. We measured the polymorphic behavior by means of X-ray diffraction, the simultaneous measurement of the differential thermal analysis, and the thermogravimetric analysis, and the specific surface area by means of the BET N2 method and by means of studying the water-adsorption capacity. The cationic impurities which were found to have strong effects upon the physical properties mentioned above are Na+, K+, Ca2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Sb3+. Cations such as Al3+, Cr3+, Mn3+, and Co2+ were shown to have weak but positive effects upon the physical properties of silica gel.


Wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have long been considered a serious threat to MANET's routing. Most of the existing proposals rely on GPS devices and require that the node's clocks are synchronized. Such constraints naturally lead to limitations of applicability since GPS does not operate well in obstructed areas, and clock synchronization in MANET is not always accurate. In this paper, we propose an efficient and simple way to detect wormhole attacks, using a technique called reference broadcast. GPS devices are not required, and clocks do not need to be synchronized. In fact, no particular assumption is made on the communication equipment. We show that our solution can be easily implemented, using either the well-known routing protocol OLSR or any neighbor discovery protocol. Our solution also exhibits a high degree of accuracy in detecting wormhole attacks.


Abstract : The report covers the work performed toward the development of a 48 ampere-hour zinc/air battery system conforming to the Electronics Command Technical Requirement SCL 6895 amendment 1 dated April 20, 1967. This requirement called for the development of a versatile battery system capable of delivering 48 ampere-hours within a weight restriction of 15 pounds and conforming to the standard line battery cross section. The standard line battery cross section (length 12 in, width 4 in, height 9 in) represents a size designation for a new military family of batteries. Batteries have been designed, fabricated and tested. The battery weight is 14.8 pounds and the system has a maximum current capability of 10 amperes. This system has been tested on three duty cycles at various ambient temperatures (0F, 70F and 125F). These tests have indicated that full capacity can be obtained at room temperature on a battery having up to 150 hours of operation. Repeated cycling of the battery beyond this point results in an increased loss of water evaporation from the cells and a lowering of the electrochemical performance. This loss of water can be replenished by a simple water addition to all cells and full capacity is obtained. Re-addition of water also has the advantage that full capacity can be delivered at the high temperature point (+125F). Life studies have been performed at LML and indicate that a battery life in excess of 600 hours is obtainable at the present time. (Author)


The most effective pretreatment method for the detection of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the nanofiltration (NF) by effectively intercepting DON into the concentrated solution, thus increasing the proportion of DON in solution so that achieving accurate detection of DON. The existing NF pretreatment technology for detection of DON has the problem of low accuracy and unclear separation mechanism of mass transfer upon the NF membranes. Based on the problems of NF membrane, the polyether sulfone (PES) composite NF membrane was modified by mesoporous carbon and the basic performance parameters of the modified PES composite NF membrane were characterized by Static contact angle (SCA), Zeta potential, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the optimum doping amount of mesoporous carbon is in the range of 0.5%–1.0%. Furthermore, the pore size of NF membrane could be controlled effectively by changing doping amount of mesoporous carbon, so as to guide the improvement of membrane pore structure. After the pretreatment of mesoporous material modified PES composite NF membrane, the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)/total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) could be reduced to 0.55–0.65 and the pretreatment effect was also affected by screening effect and electrostatic effect. The best retention performance of amino acids is the 1.0%C modified membrane which retention rate of the amino acid is between 32.3% and 94.7%, and the membrane loss of the four amino acids is much smaller than other membranes. The mass transfer process of NF membrane was simulated by steric‐hindrance pore (SHP) model, Teorell–Meyer–Sievers (TMS) model, and Electrostatic Steric‐hindrance (ES) model respectively. According to the simulation software designed by ourselves, the dominant effects of screening and electrostatic effects are simultaneously affected by the pore structure of membranes and the size of the contaminant molecules.


Nowadays, large amounts of renewable energy have been installed around the world, while the abundant renewable energy are often located in remote areas, and are transmitted to consumer centre through transmission networks. However, the power transmission will be commonly interrupted when the power transmission networks are destroyed under different disasters. Thus, how to transmit energy from renewable energy based power station (REPS) to microgrid becomes an essential problem. In this paper, we firstly transfer the renewable energy into hydrogen trough hydrogen storage system; then, transport the hydrogen to microgrid through transportation network. The mobile hydrogen truck can delivery hydrogen between REPS and microgrids multiple times. By the proposed framework, a multi-energy supply microgrid optimization model is built firstly; then, a real transportation network is adopted to delivery hydrogen; third, calculate the truck travelling time at each time; last, microgrid runs the operation strategy based on the arrived hydrogen. The simulation results demonstrate that using mobile truck can efficiently transport renewable energy to microgrids and improve the energy utilization.


Aero variable-frequency generators are employed in current airplanes to provide high power for increasing loads. Due to nonlinear characteristics of electrical material, an induction machine works at saturated state when aero power frequency is lower than its rated frequency. As a result, saturated machines generate harmonic current to the line of aircraft power system. To satisfy the requirements of power quality, current harmonic of induction machines should be restrained. The flux density and saturation factors are adopted in the study to analyze saturation state of induction machine and relevant current harmonic. Current harmonic components are investigated in terms of the degree and position of saturation. The airworthiness standard DO-160G for airborne equipment is referenced to assess the current harmonic influence on aircraft power quality.


This paper proposes a fast algorithm for two-dimensional Otsu threshold algorithm that overcomes the disadvantage of computational complexity. Firstly,in order to reduce the variables for calculation,a formula to determine threshold is derived. Secondly,an iterative method is used to eliminate redundant computation. Finally,using wavelet decomposition in combination with the diagonal firstsearch strategy,the threshold of image segmentation is obtained. Compared with original two-dimensional Otsu algorithm,the computation of the proposed fast algorithm is reduced by 4 orders of magnitude and,compared with iteration-based query algorithm,its computational time is reduced by 50% or more. The results of image segmentation based on the above-mentioned algorithms are barely different.


Protein-protein interactions among nearest neighbours or between two distant proteins play major role In the development and spatiation of an organism. To understand the basic rules that govern these interactions various physlcal approaches are taken whlch are inadequate to describe the in-vivo situation. Generation of a phenotypic mutation in a protien and then looking for it's suppressor may allow to map the interacting partners without perturbing the system very much from it's original phenotype. This review aims to list various such studies and addresses the future course that can be persued.


To view a PDF of this First Cut, click here. Author:  Jim Lundy Topic: Collaboration Issue:  Who are the collaboration providers and how will they evolve? Summary: Telligent acquires Zimbra from VMWare to round out its unified social collaboration platform...


Thermalisation of TiCl 4 and two equivalents of a phenol in toluene is found to be the best preparative method for quantitative yields of a variety of dichlorobis(phenoxo) complexes. [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 4 CMe 3 -4) 2 ] (1) is monomeric in benzene, a phenoxo-bridged dimer in the solid state and undergoes coordination expansion with 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbipy) to give [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 4 CMe 3 -4) 2 (dmbipy)] (2). Also monomeric are [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 2 Me 3 -2,4,6) 2 ] (3) and [TiCl 2 (O-C 6 H 3 iPr 2 -2,6) 2 ] (5) which expand their coordination with dmbipy to give [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 2 Me 3 -2,4,6) 2 (dmbipy)] (4) and [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 iPr 2 -2,6) 2 (dmbipy)] (6). In contrast [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 2 {CMe 3 } 2 -2,6-Me-4) 2 ] (7) is only partially formed by the thermolysis reaction and does not coordinatively expand with dmbipy. [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 Me 2 -2,4) 2 ] (8) is monomeric in benzene and reacts to form [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 Me 2 -2,4) 2 -(dmbipy)] (9). [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 {CMe 3 } 2 -2,4)2] (10) forms along with the tri-phenoxo complex [TiCl{OC 6 H 3 (CMe 3 ) 2 -2,4} 3 ]. [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 CMe 3 -2-Me-6) 2 ] (11) is monomeric in benzene and forms [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 CMe 3 -2-Me-6) 2 (dmbipy)] (12). 2-Phenylphenol and 1-napthol form [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 4 Ph-2) 2 ] (13) and [TiCl 2 (OC 1 0 H 9 ) 2 ] (14) which are monomeric in benzene. DFT calculations give structural parameters for monomeric [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 5 ) 2 ] (15) in good agreement with the X-ray data for [TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 3 Me 2 -2,6) 2 ]. Each oxygen of the phenoxo ligand in 15 acts essentially as a 2π donor to titanium and there is substantial p π (O)-p π *(C=C) backbonding with the phenyl ring, which is absent in [TiCl 2 (OCH 3 ) 2 ] (16). The global minimum for the dimer [(TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 5 ){μ-OC 6 H 5 }) 2 ] is in almost perfect agreement with the crystal structure obtained for [(TiCl 2 (OC 6 H 5 }{μ-OC 6 H 5 }) 2 ] or [(TiCl2(OC6H4CMe3-4}{μ-OC 6 H 4 CMe 3 -4}) 2 ] (1). The dimerisation energy for 15 is -26.2 kJ.mol - 1 .


An approach to printed dipole antenna design using the artificial neural network (ANN) modeling technique is presented in this article. Three important antenna‐layout dimensions are used to capture critical input/output relationships in the ANN model. Once fully developed, the ANN model has been shown to be as accurate as an EM simulator and much more efficient computationally in antenna design optimization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.


Endoscopic studies show that the prevalence of oesophageal varices in cirrhotic patients is about 60%, while at 5 years probabilty to develop oesophageal varices reach 83%. In patients with oesophageal varices 20% experience a first upper gastrointestinal bleeding per year, which have a 30% mortality. It¨s estimate that about 40% of cirrhotic patients die for variceal bleeding. Objectives: 1. To describe the most frequent causes of oesophageal varices and the functional state (Child) of patientes who founded that in endoscopic evaluation. 2. To evaluate the complications, effectivity of endoscopic treatment and mortality in patientes with variceal bleeding. Material and methods: this is a descriptive study. We took all patients who experienced an upper GI endoscopy and found oesophageal varices, between 1 October 2000 and 31 December 2001. We determined the most frequent diagnoses, complications and mortality of these patients and applicate frequency distribution in percentage. Results: we collected 50 patients, of which 26 had a diagnostic endoscopy and 24 had a therapeutic endoscopy, for a total of 83 endoscopies, 55% male with 52 years old average . The grade of the varices is greater in the group of therapeutic procedures (Grade III Vs. Grade II of NIEC clasification). Ascitic fluid infection was present in 5% of diagnostic group Vs. 25% in therapeutic group. Endoscopic control of bleeding was reached in 97.5% of cases, 63% with banding, 29% with esclerotherapy and 8% with combined therapy. Reebleding was present in banding 46%, esclerotherapy 57% and 50% with combined therapy. The mortality in therapeutic group was 30% Vs. 0% in the diagnostic group and most of these patients had grade III varices (70%), ascitic fluid infection (86%) and Child C clasification (100%). Conclusion: mortality in patients with oesophageal varices is related directly with the self grade, advanced Child and presence of ascitic fluid infection.


The high-saline cadmium in the soil was determined by GFAAS under the suitable conditions.It was found that high-saline situation will lead to serious interference,and difficult to achieve satisfactory results,which was eliminated by atomization at lower temperature to improve the sensitivity as well as the precision and convenience and protect the graphite tube to reduce the production cost.The detection limit is 0.003μg/L and the relative standard deviation(n=12) is 5.28%.


This study explores which measures of public school quality the housing market values. Both a traditional hedonic house price estimation and a hedonic corrected for spatial autocorrelation are used. Proficiency tests, expenditure per pupil and the pupil / teacher ratio are consistently capitalized into housing prices. Teacher salary and student attendance rates are also valued, but these results are sensitive to the estimation technique employed. Value-added measures, the graduation rate, teacher experience levels and teacher education levels are not consistently positively related to housing prices, so researchers should probably avoid using them as public education quality measures.


Mhaskar-Saff found a kind of universal behavior for the bulk structure of the zeros of orthogonal polynomials for large n. Motivated by two plots, we look at the finer structure for the case of random Verblunsky coefficients and for what we call the BLS condition: α n = Cb n + O((b∆) n). In the former case, we describe results of Stoiciu. In the latter case, we prove asymptotically equal spacing for the bulk of zeros. A recurrent theme of Ed Saff's work has been the study of zeros of orthogonal polynomials defined by measures in the complex plane. So I was happy that some thoughts I've had about zeros of orthogonal polynomials on the unit circle (OPUC) came to fruition just in time to present them as a birthday bouquet. To add to the appropriateness, the background for my questions was a theorem of Mhaskar-Saff [25] and the idea of drawing pictures of the zeros was something I learned from some of Ed's papers [32, 21]. Moreover, ideas of Barrios-López-Saff [4] played a role in the further analysis. Throughout, dµ will denote a probability measure on ∂D = {z ∈ C | |z| = 1} which is nontrivial in that it is not supported on a finite set. Φ n (z) (resp. ϕ n (z)) will denote the monic orthogonal polynomi-als (resp. orthonormal polynomials ϕ n = Φ n /Φ n). I will follow my book [34, 35] for notation and urge the reader to look there for further background. A measure is described by its Verblunsky coefficients α n = −Φ n+1 (0)


This Note describes transient wall temperature measurements made on a 15° total-angle cone at zero incidence in an airstream of Mach number 6·8. The skin of the model was sufficiently thin to allow it to reach zero heat transfer conditions within a running time of one minute. In order to reduce effects of longitudinal heat conduction during a run the electroformed-nickel skin of the model was made with graded thickness, and as a result fairly uniform temperature distributions along the surface were obtained at all times in both the laminar and turbulent regions. Values of heat transfer, calculated from the wall temperature-time histories using the thin-wall 'heat pulse' assumption, together with recovery temperature are compared to theoretical estimates using the intermediate enthalpy method.


The quasi-plastic-hinge approach proposed by Attalla et al. in 1994 for material nonlinear analysis is formulated using the total form expressions, which is generally computationally inefficient as numerical integrations and finite-difference schemes are required to obtain the elastic-plastic flexibility coefficients. To overcome the above drawback, the quasi-plastic-hinge approach is formulated in an incremental form for beams with uniform cross sections, by which the elastic-plastic flexibility coefficients are explicitly given. The procedure is directly extended to nonuniform beams through use of different moment-curvature relations for the two ends of the beam, or indirectly through subdivision of the beam into a number of inner segments. The elastic-plastic flexibility coefficients derived for both cases are also explicitly given. For comparison, three steel frames composed of nonuniform cross sections are studied, from which the accuracy of the proposed approaches for treating frames with uniform and nonuniform cross sections is verified.


After this heat insulator has been heated for 24 hours at 1400°C, the percentage of the total capacity of air holes 400 nm or less in diameter relative to the total capacity of all of the air holes is 5% or greater, and the thermal conductivity at 1000°C as measured by cyclic heating is less than 0.15 W/(m・K).


Technical, immunologic, and patient care advancements have improved transplant outcomes, but geography and organ transportation remain impediments to access to transplantation. Organs are moved using a complex network of couriers, commercial aircraft, and transplant personnel. Reliance on commercial aircraft schedules and couriers add cold ischemia time (CIT) and may prohibit transplantation altogether.1 Private charters can be used, however this comes at great expense. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To increase the success rate of pediatric intussusception reduction by gas barium or air enema,probe into the influencing factor in intussusception reduction,have good understanding of acute pediatric intussusception reduction by gas barium or air enema and sum up its therapy experience. Methods We treated 100 cases of pediatric intussusception,and gas barium or air enema was used in each half of the cases. Results Ninty-five cases were successful and 5 cases failed among which there were 3 cases of air enema reduction and 2 cases of gas barium reduction. Conclusion Gas barium reduction is superor to air enema reduction and the former provides a more accurate method to make an exact diagnosis of intussusception. Gas barium or air enema makes a majority of intussusception reduction successful by using X-ray,which is quicker,safer and cheaper,with a good chance of success with few complications and avoidance of the pain of surgery.


This work explores the use of metal-air electrochemical system to evaluate porous electrode properties i.e. specific surface area and pore volume density. Porous zinc electrodes are prepared from an acidic, chloride electrolytic bath of varying supporting electrolyte (NH4Cl) formulation to produce electrodeposits of distinctive properties. Nitrogen physisorption at 77 K is utilized to evaluate the specific surface area and pore volume density of the electrodes. The zinc electrodeposits prepared from all electrolytic bath formulations are then assembled into zinc-air cells as the anodic electrode and characterized according to their limiting current density and discharge capacity. It is found that the variation in limiting current density matches that of BET surface area and the trend for discharge capacity follows that of pore volume density.


The aims of this research were to elucidate the process and financial aspect of making boiled noodles in small scale industry Wahyu Agung Jaya Malang. Data was collected through observation and interview. Materials used for making boiled noodles were flour, tapioca, water and NaCl. The processes were mixing, pressing, dividing, boiling, cutting, drying, cooling and packing. The factory has a standard to controlling the process to produce good quality of product. Sanitation was applied in facilities, machines, employess and other facilities. NPV, IRR and PBP values were 69.261.988,98.; 0,41 or 41%; and 3 years and 4 months. Production capacity were 360 kg noodles/day


The study aims to describe the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program at an Oil and Gas State Company PT Pertamina EP Asset 3 Cirebon in Klayan Gunung Jati Cirebon as well as the image from the surrounding society toward the company due to the programs. The techniques of collecting the data were survey and interview. The results of the research show that there are several programs regarding the implementation of CSR programs in the field of education, social, health, religion, sport, economy, and environment. The programs have built up positive image toward the credibility of the company since the programs bring and create positive atmosphere and friendly environment for the community surrounding the company as the manifestation of corporate social responsibility. Keywords—Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); assumption


Small bowel malignancies are rare entity, with adenocarcinoma being one of common type along with neuroendocrine tumours. Associated with Crohns, celiac disease, FAP and HNPCC. Jejunal adenocarcinoma produce vague symptoms, accounting for late presentation leading to difficult and delayed diagnosis in favour of poor prognosis. Diagnosis is established by CECT abdomen and CEA levels. Ro resection with regional lymphadenectomy and jejunojejunal anastomosis is preferred followed by adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Here we presenting a 68 years old male, anaemic with vague abdominal pain for 3 months, CECT showed malignant wall thickening involving 10 cm of proximal jejunal loop with no enlarged lymph nodes and CEA was elevated. Proceeded with laparotomy, an irregular hard mass of 10×10 cm involving 20 cm of jejunum with transverse colon infiltration with multiple mesenteric nodes found, composite resection with jejunojejunostomy and colocolic anastomosis done. Histopathology showed poorly differentiated jejunal adenocarcinoma with colonic infiltration with reactive nodes and post operatively on day 7, patient developed seizures and weakness of left upper and lower limbs, MRI brain showed solitary metastasis 2×2 cm in right frontal region and PET CT showed brain metastasis and multiple intraabdominal lymph node, lung and prostate metastasis, planned SBRT for brain metastasis and palliative chemotherapy. Lymph node, liver and peritoneum are common site of metastasis for small bowel adenocarcinoma, very rarely brain metastasis can occur in short time and to be considered if neurological symptoms occur pre and postoperatively.


A general adsorption isotherm has been previously proposed by us and applied to zeolites and metals. The isotherm is based on a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution function for the energy of the adsorption sites and on the Langmuir isotherm for each set of homotactic sites. The general isotherm is explored further, and is applied to the adsorption of noble gases on metal films in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The general picture of adsorption on metals and on zeolites as it emerges from such considerations is discussed and the predicted behaviour of the differential heats of adsorption is compared to the predictions of the Dubinin Radushkevich isotherm.


The report describes the explorations to design a new keeper for Tech United. The performance of the current robot was disappointing and one of the reasons that Tech United lost the finals at the world championship last year. The goal of this report is to provide suggestions for the design of a new keeper.


Summary Research in this article is focused on the analysis of the character of the European Economic Area. It presents a common market for thirty states from European Union (27) and European Free Trade Association (3) established by the Agreement on the European Economic Area. When regarding the size, EU is the bigger player in this relationship compared to EFTA States. On the other side, regarding the principles of international law, parties are equal to each other. These initial thoughts raised author´s interest to find out, whether this economic integration model is symmetric or asymmetric in its nature, regarding its contracting parties. Article provides an answer to this question as well as an insight on the consequences of such regime.


Mixed inferences are a problem for truth pluralism, a doctrine which aims at combining truth assessability and anti-realism with respect to allegedly non-descriptive sentences, such as moral sentences. It seems that truth pluralists have to give up the classical account of validity. Against this,JC Beall suggests that truth pluralists can adopt the account of validity usedin many-valued logics: validity can be defined as the conservation of designatedvalues. The problem, I argue, is that there is ground to believe that on this account sentences which are true in one or other way also fall under a generic truth predicate. I also argue that mixed conjunctions make for a further problem for truth pluralism, and more particularly for Beall's version of it. Finally, I consider the deeper worry that the distinction between truth which does and truth which does not entail realism is inferentially irrelevant.


This bachalor work offers basic survey of permanent sustainable development, its history and application. The main attention is localized to indicators of the permanent sustainable development. It explains the mening of indicators and enumerates indicators requirement. One part of this work is concerned with air pollution and the influence of temperatures to number of air emissions.


Xishanyao formation of Shanle Block in Tuha oilfield has the characteristics of high hardness,strong abrasive property,low penetration rate,less single drilling footage etc.In this paper,the application of core analysis technique was described in domestic and international.The core data was obtained by experiment in Tuha Oilfield Shanle Block.Based on the studying core data analysis and breaking way of Tuha oilfield Shanle block,a better program was designed to increase the drilling rate.


Free-space optical (FSO) communication possesses the advantages of high security, large information capacity, high-speed transmission, small terminal size, low power consumption, easy and flexible deployment, etc. It is a promising communication technique, and could be an alternative to optical fiber communication and traditional radio frequency (RF) communication. One of principal challenges that FSO faces is the susceptibility of the atmospheric channel, which is turbulent in nature. After the optical signals propagate over the atmospheric channel, their wavefronts suffer from deleterious perturbation, thus resulting in degradation in the performance of the FSO. This knowledge with respect to FSO links helps to optimize the system design and reduce the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence. The atmospheric coherence length of FSO links reflects the atmospheric turbulence effects, and it is one of the key parameters of FSO systems. Measuring the atmospheric coherence length, as a result, is of great interest as well as importance to the FSO community. In this paper, several methods associated with atmospheric coherence length measurement are reviewed.


Abstract The forward discrete ordinate method (DOM) has been reformulated to include effects of a weak inhomogeneity of a medium. The modification is based on an expansion of the direct beam source term. This treatment of the source term is similar to the gradient correction (GC) method, presented in the first part of the paper for the diffusion approximation. The same requirement on the scales of variations applies to the current method: length of horizontal variations of optical properties of the medium should be large in comparison to the mean radiative transport length. The modification has another important advantage in that it permits obtaining particular solutions for both infrared and direct beam radiative transfer in one computational step. An effective algorithm for solving inverse radiative transfer problems has been developed following the above reformulation. This algorithm modifies the DOM using Newton's iterative scheme in order to find a solution of the inverse problem. The algorithm conve...


Abstract 657 Background: Tumor suppressor p53 is a powerful growth suppressive and pro-apoptotic molecule frequently inactivated in cancer by gene mutations or defective signaling. TP53 mutations are rare in hematopoietic malignancies but activity of wild-type p53 is frequently blunted by ATM inactivation, CDKN2A (INK4A–ARF) deletion, or over-expression of MDM2. Activation of p53 by antagonism of its negative regulator MDM2 has been proposed as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Small-molecule MDM2 antagonists, the Nutlins (Vassilev et al. Science, 2004), have been used to validate this concept preclinically in solid tumors (Tovar et al., 2006) and acute/chronic leukemias/lymphomas (Kojima et al, 2005 and 2006, Rassidakis et al). RG7112 is a member of the Nutlin family of MDM2 antagonists with identical mechanism-of-action as nutlin-3 but improved potency and pharmacological properties. Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia who had adequate organ function were eligible. RG7112 was administered orally every day for 10 days followed by 18 days of rest. Primary objectives were to determine MTD and DLT, secondary PK, PD and clinical responses. Stratum A included AML, ALL, BC CML; stratum B included CLL and SLL. Cohorts of 3 patients at each dose level were escalated separately on the 2 strata. Dose escalation and de-escalation was based on NCI-CTCAE version 3.0 toxicity grades. Results: To date, 47 patients (27 AML, 3 ALL, 1 CML-BC, 13 CLL, 2 SLL, 1 T-PLL) have been treated with RG7112. Starting dose was 20 mg/m2/day, present dose is 810 mg/m2/day for stratum A and 1920 mg/m2/day for stratum B, with continuing escalation. Ten patients experienced moderate to severe nausea and/or vomiting, requiring anti-emetics, with 3 requiring dose modification or discontinuation. One patient had Grade 3 hyponatremia. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data demonstrate an approximate linear increase in plasma drug exposure with dose, despite PK variability. Peak concentration occurred 3–6 hours post dose with a half-life >24 hours. The p53 transcriptional target and secreted protein, MIC-1 (macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1), was evaluated as a pharmacodynamic marker of p53 activation (Yang et al., 2003). An increase in serum MIC-1 was seen at RG7112 concentrations of >1 μg/mL. Stabilization of p53 protein and induction of other p53 target genes was also observed, including CDKN1A/P21, BAX, NOXA, PUMA, FAS. Starting at 360 mg/m2, evidence of clinical activity has been observed: one patient with relapsed AML achieved complete remission (CR) that is ongoing for more than 9 months and decreased WBC and apoptosis induction were seen in CLL/SLL patients. Enrollment is ongoing and will be updated. Conclusions: We here report the first clinical trial of an MDM2 antagonist, RG7112. The molecule is well tolerated with continuing dose escalation. We provide proof-of-principle by demonstrating p53 stabilization, activation of p53 targets and the p53 pathway. One CR has been observed in AML and reductions in lymph node/spleen size and circulating leukemia cells in CLL/SLL. Future single agent and combination studies of RG7112 in leukemias are warranted. Disclosures: Andreeff:Roche: Research Funding. Padmanabhan:Roche: Research Funding. Strair:Roche: Research Funding. Kirschbaum:Roche: Research Funding. Maslak:Roche: Research Funding. Hillmen:Roche: Research Funding. Vassilev:Roche: Employment. Nichols:Roche: Employment.


Attention is called to the usefulness of the Doppler effect in introducing the idea of invariance with respect to coordinate transformation. The invariant property of the phase of a sound wave with respect to Galilean transformation is applied to several Doppler effects including that resulting from transverse motion of source and detector in a moving medium.


Ice scour is still a phenomena of great concern in the development of offshore oil and gas fields located in a cold ocean environment. Ice scour could also create problems for power cables or pipelines which pass through inland waters such as the Great Lakes. Cables, pipelines, and wellheads are in danger offshore. Direct impact between ice and a subsea installation will most likely cause damage. A seabed installation, such as buried pipeline, might be subjected to additional loading or intolerable displacements through close proximity of an ice keel. The question still remains as to how deep is safe. -- In an attempt to further understand the ice scour process, a series of four physical model tests was carried out at Memorial University's scour tank facility. The first two tests were conducted in a clean, dry silica sand while the remaining two were conducted in the same sand in a submerged state. The objectives of this experimental program were to measure forces and pressures on the model, to measure the response of the soil in the testbed, and, most importantly, to measure displacements in the testbed below the scour. -- The measured results compare well with computed values. The results have also been compared with previous works and models. The analysed experimental results show that there is seabed response and displacement up to 3 1/2 scour cut depths below the unscoured testbed surface. Finally, it was observed that the scouring process was similar for tests in both the dry and submerged state; measured forces and loads less for the submerged tests.


This paper reviews the recent progress in material synthesis and processing based on mechanical activation approaches. Material processing based on mechanical alloying and attrition has been widely used to prepare metastable phases, amorphous alloys, composites, and nanostructured materials. The most recent progress made in mechanical activation is the development of a new process that integrates mechanical activation and thermal activation to produce novel materials as well as conventional materials. The integrated mechanical and thermal activation (IMTA) process represents one of the most exciting recent advancements and holds great promise for commercial viability. Examples of enhanced reaction rates and synthesis of nanocrystalline materials are provided to illustrate the progress brought about by the IMTA process.


In this work, room-temperature-processed amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated with high-k HfLaO as gate dielectric for synaptic devices. By raising the indium content in the a-IGZO film via co-sputtering and treating the HfLaO gate dielectric in an Ar plasma, the TFT with In1.0Ga3.0Zn0.4O2.1 presents excellent electrical characteristics: a high intrinsic carrier mobility of 45.8 cm2 V−1·s−1, a small threshold voltage of 1.93 V, a small hysteresis of −0.015 V, and a small subthreshold swing (SS) of 0.21 V dec−1. Although the oxygen vacancies in the In1.0Ga3.0Zn0.4O2.1 TFT are increased to produce a high carrier mobility, memristive behaviors are hardly observed under zero gate bias due to their occupied states. Various conductance modulations and synaptic plasticities are achieved under a 2-V drain spiking voltage and a small gate bias of 1 V due to migration of oxygen ions and emptying/detrapping of oxygen vacancies in the In1.0Ga3.0Zn0.4O2.1 film, resulting in a concurrent emulation of neurotransmitter and neuromodulator through exploiting the native three-terminal structure of the TFT.


ABSTRACT Using data from a 2001 survey of a representative sample of Northern Cheyenne reservation residents, this paper examines use of a variety of food sources, nutritional health and risk factors, diabetes risk factors, and food insecurity. Results indicate that substantial proportions of the respondents had high levels of nutritional risk, food insecurity, and diabetes risk. Importantly, those using community emergency food sources and informal economic strategies to meet food shortages were more likely to be food insecure. Those with higher nutritional risk and lower nutritional health were also more likely to be food insecure. Finally, being younger, educated and using wages to obtain food increased the risk for diabetes.


THE WELL-KNOWN AUTHOR OF VOICES FROM CHERNOBYL TALKS TO BELORUSSKAIA DELOVAIA GAZETA, THE LAST INDEPENDENT DAILY IN BELARUS, JUST BEFORE THE ELECTIONS ON 19 MARCH


Ali Javad porphyry Cu-Au deposit is located 20 Km
north of Ahar city in Arasbaran metallogenic zone which is considered as a part
of Alp-Himalayan mineralization belt. Magmatism in this area began in Late Cretaceous, followed by extensive
magmatism in Cenozoic and Quaternary periods. Porphyry
type mineralization developed in Ali
Javad quartz monzonitic porphyry stock and Eocene pyroclastic and volcanic
country rocks. Ali Javad porphyry intrusion has shoshonitic nature and shows
characteristics of volcanic arc granitoids that it is have been emplaced
in a post-collision tectonic setting.
Alteration zones at the deposit demonstrated zoning which is comparable with
Lowel-Guilbert model proposed for quartz-monzonite type porphyry copper deposits. Phyllic, argillic, silicic and propylitic alteration zones were observed at
the surface while potassic alteration zone
could be observed at depth in drill core samples. Mineralization was
recognized both as supergene and hypogene, the latter was as veins, veinlets and
disseminations. Dominant hypogene minerals were chalcopyrite, bornite,
molybdenite, pyrite and magnetite while chalcocite, covellite and limonite were
dominant supergene minerals. Four mineralization zones were observed in the deposit as leached, transitional, supergene and
hypogene zones. Average grades were 0.75% for copper and 1.86 ppm for
gold with 81.5 Mt proved reserve for copper and 37.8 Mt for gold.


This paper presents the impact on the distribution line losses due to embedded generation. Studies were performed using SynerGEE simulation model on the selected feeders, where significant Embedded Generations (EG) are connected. Initially, a study was conducted assuming a hypothetical feeder with constant load and different level of EG capacity. It is seen that depending on the location of the load along the feeder and the EG capacity, the losses on the feeder will vary. Hence an attempt was made to identify the optimum EG capacity that will result in minimum allowable loss on a feeder. Thereafter, studies were performed on actual feeders with load variation and EG capacity variation. Daily load pattern for each feeder was assumed to be similar, but actual maximum demands were measured feeder wise. Historical monthly Plant Factor (PF) data was analyzed and used in actual simulation studies. It is concluded that excessive losses occur during low load condition and also during higher generation from EGs. Hence, appropriate measures are required in the longer term to absorb higher generation from EGs to minimize the losses in the distribution feeders. Introduction Ceylon Electricity Board allowed the development of embedded generation in mid 1990s, mainly private mini hydro power plants, whose installed capacity is less than 10 MW. At present there are around 140 power plants with an installed capacity of 290MW, located in the hill country. All the embedded generation is governed by the Standardized Power Purchase Agreement (SPPA) and energy is purchased through a standardised tariff. One of the main objectives of developing Embedded Generation is to promote the renewable energy contribution to the national grid in accordance with the government policy. During the past two decades, several major power plants were commissioned and to analyze the impact on the distribution system loss, a case study was carried out on selected feeders in the Ratnapura Grid Substation (GS). It is observed that in certain feeders of the Ratnapura GS, the power flow is negative, because the generation from the minihydros are greater than the local loads, which results in negative power flow. That is, power flows from the feeder towards the GS and flows back into the transmission system. In order to analyze the impact of such generation on the distribution losses, feeders attached to Ratnapura GS were selected for further analysis. Theoretical Analysis Hypothetical analyses was carried out to visualize the distribution line losses with respect to the location of the load along the feeder and the EG was fixed at the end of the feeder. For this analysis, a 20km long single circuit line with Lynx conductor consisting 10MW constant spot load was considered, which is fed by a GS and also by an EG. Simulations were carried out using the SynerGEE model. In order to analyze the loss variation in respect of both feeder load and amount of generation, a ratio was defined, that is percentage of feeder load with respect to the mini hydro generation. (Feeder Load/Embedded Generation "L/EG"). In this analysis, location of the load along the feeder was moved from GS end to the EG end by keeping the ratio between Demand and Embedded Generation (L/EG) constant.(Refer Figure 1). Thereafter, the same analysis was carried out for different "L/EG" ratios to calculate the distribution line loss reduction as a percentage of EG output. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/slemaj.v18i2.17 SLEMA Journal, Volume 18, No. 2, September 2015 24 Figure 1 Typical Arrangement of Load and EG The study was performed for "L/EG" ratios for 1, 0.5 and 2.0 and the line loss variation is shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 shows the line loss reduction compared with the case where there is no EG. Figure 4 shows the line loss reduction as a percentage to EG value. Figure 2 Line Loss Vs Location of Demand from the GS Figure 3 Line Loss Reduction Vs Load Centre Figure 4 Loss Reduction as a Percentage of EG Output Distribution losses would be minimum if the EG is closer to the load centers. • From the above analysis, the following could be perceived. • L/EG ratio ≥ 1 to minimize the cumulative line losses, • Excess EGs, that is higher than the feeder load, would result in increased distribution line losses, • Optimum EG capacity will depend on existing locations of load centers, their load levels and geographical locations of EGs. Other issues such as voltage rise due to excessive EG are not considered in this analysis. However, above hypothetical analysis is different from the practical scenario. In actual situation, the daily demand on a feeder varies with the time. That is, during off-peak time, the demand on the feeder is very low. Furthermore, actual generation from EG varies depending on the rainfall. In addition geographical distribution of loads along the feeder and EG necessitates that such analysis be carried out using computer aided models, and in this case SynerGEE model was used. 0 200 400 600 80


To verify the extracted protein components by earthworms—lumbrokinase,and the impact on thrombosis and thrombolytic with lumbrokinase,the experimental method adopted animal experiment for pharmacology studies.First,taking 30 male rats and dividing them randomly into five groups,named as blank control group,positive control group,low- dose group,middle- dose group and high- dose group. Through the small animal thrombosis instrument modeling,then the five groups were given normal saline( 1. 0ml /kg),low- dose injection( 0. 3mg /kg),middle- dose injection( 0. 6mg /kg),high- dose injection( 1. 2mg /kg) and positive drug injection( 1. 1ml /kg). Method of administration is intravenously administered per day for consecutive 15 days. After 15 days,we measured blood thrombin time( TT),plasma recalcification time( RT) and the maximum platelet aggregation rate and stripped the neck artery thrombosis and measure the thrombus weight. The results showed that lumbrokinase can effectively extend the RT,TT for the blood of rats,and it also has significant effect on thrombolysis. And these effects are dose- dependent relationship with the lumbrokinase. The experiment concluded that the lumbrokinase is likely to have a role in prolonging thrombus formation time and dissolving the external thrombosis smaller.


Objective To investigate the neurobiological basis of hypnotic state. Methods Sixteen patients with neurosis were recruited. EEG was recorded before and after hypnotic state was induced. Results The alpha wave showed a slower frequency and a higher amplitude in hypnotic state than in baseline state(P0.01). ConclusionChanges in the EEG background rhythm are the neurophysiological basis of hypnotic state.


Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the high-frequency, low-penetrant genetic variations play important roles in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Although each genetic variant confers modest effect on breast cancer risk, the multiple genetic variants can cumulatively result in considerable effects on breast cancer over decades. This review summarizes the study strategies on the most common genetic polymorphisms, single nucleotide polymorphisms, mainly including candidate gene approach and genome-wide association study (GWAS). The authors briefly introduce their research works as well as some other studies performed among Chinese Han women. The future challenge of genetic polymorphism association study is to identify the causal variants and elucidate their molecular mechanisms.


Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide is shown to exert carcinogenic effects in rodents; however, its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we showed the effect of cypermethrin on protein expression involved in neoplastic transformation in mouse skin. Comparative protein expression profiles between untreated control and cypermethrin‐treated mouse skin were explored using 2‐DE. A total of 27 spots that were statistically significant (p<0.05) and differentially expressed in response to cypermethrin exposure were identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF and LC‐MS/MS. Among them, six up‐regulated proteins (carbonic anhydrase 3 (Ca 3), Hsp‐27, S100A6, galectin‐7, S100A9, S100A11) and one down‐regulated protein (superoxide dismutase [Cu‐Zn] (Sod 1)) are associated with cancer‐related key processes. These selected dysregulated proteins were further validated in 2‐DE gels of mouse skin treated with known tumorigens (benzo‐[a]‐pyrene, 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate and mezerein), respectively. Comparative studies showed that Ca 3, S100A6, S100A9, S100A11 and Sod 1 are specific for stages of development and progression of tumors whereas Hsp‐27 and galectin‐7 are specific for tumor promotion stage by cypermethrin in mouse skin. Furthermore, these chosen proteins confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were consistent with changes in 2‐DE check. This proteomic investigation for the first time provides key proteins that will contribute in understanding the mechanism behind cypermethrin‐induced neoplastic transformation.


Every year, the United States evaluates the protection of intellectual property rights in foreign markets in the context of its Special 301 review. U.S. trading partners that are found to provide inadequate protection are designated as priority countries. This article quantifies the increase in U.S. receipts of royalties and license fees from countries after they were designated as Special 301 priorities, using an econometric model of U.S. royalty receipts from 33 countries over the period 2001–2008. The priority designations between 2001 and 2007 are associated with a cumulative $5.4 billion increase in annual U.S. royalty receipts.


This book introduces selected new developments in historical materialism. Its central argument is that we need to develop new approaches to international political economy (IPE) and international relations (IR) through the elaboration of historically integrated, dialectical forms of explanation, appropriate to the conditions of the late twentieth century. In this introduction I sketch some of the main ideas, issues and research questions which relate broadly speaking to the reconstruction of historical materialist theories of IR. The contributions to this book offer a range of different approaches within a broadly shared perspective. An anonymous reviewer called the perspective which informs most of the contributions the 'new Italian school' of IR. In chapter 1, I use the epithet 'Italian' with some irony, hesitation and deference to our two Italian contributors (Giovanni Arrighi and Enrico Augelli). As will become apparent, the essays here are inspired by the problems raised not only in Antonio Gramsci's writings but also those of other authors, such as Karl Marx, Fernand Braudel, Karl Polanyi, Robert Cox, and others, for example, working in the Amsterdam School of International Relations (see the chapters by Otto Holman and Kees van de Pijl). In other words, Gramsci's notes on IR need to be linked to a reconstruction of historical materialist thought in a broad sense, so as to avoid a new intellectual sectarianism.


The effective strategic management of the competitiveness of domestic enterprises directly depends on the understanding of the development prospects, mission, and vision of the company's future by top management and employees. Due to the modern conditions of a rapidly changing business environment, we have to find new ways of competitive advantage management and new strategies to be successful. The development of modern economic science is focused on the creation of universal methods and management tools and techniques that could ensure the competitive development of enterprises. However, the rapidly changing business environment is the reason for the occurrence of barriers, such as the absence of a clearly defined strategy, misunderstanding of tools and methodologies, inability to foresee prospects for developing, inertia caused by excessive bureaucratization of the management system.


Optical fiber technology is considered now for communication and sensing applications in various radiation environments, like space and nuclear industry. We report on results from an on-going experimental program, which aims at using multiplexed Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), essential photonic components, for in-pile temperature monitoring in a nuclear reactor. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that multiplexed FBG-sensors are used in such conditions.


I love America. If you can't find the fetish of your
choice here, it doesn't exist. And to prove my point, this
guy is getting half nakid, horny chicks to climb all over
the company signs of some the biggest hitters in the world
famous Silicon Valley -- home of the digital revolution.


This study aims to examine the influence of Corporate Governance Characteristic consisting of Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, Institutional ownership, and management ownership on the Effective Tax Rate (ETR). This study is an empirical research with the purpose of sampling techniques in data collection. Secondary data obtained from financial statement bank enterprises listing on the Stock Exchange during the year 2011 to the year 2013. Multiple regression analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17.00 for windows. The result of this study that the variables that affect the effective tax rate is independent commissioner, audit committee, and ownership of manajerial. While variable that did not affect the effective tax rate is institutional ownership. Keywords: Effective tax rate, Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee, Institutional Ownership, and Management Ownership.


A rubber composition for a mountain-climbing boot outsole is provided to have excellent frictional force by using styrene-butadiene rubber having good frictional force and wear resistance and asphalt pitch having good frictional force. The rubber composition for a mountain-climbing boot outsole including butyl rubbers in raw material rubbers comprises 5-15phr of asphalt pitch and 30-60phr of silica, based on 100phr of raw material rubbers including 90-10phr of butyl rubbers and 10-90phr of styrene-butadiene rubbers. The styrene-butadiene rubbers contained in the raw material rubbers have a styrene content of 35% or higher.


Effective system is the fundamental guarantee for the prevention of corruption,and to strive to create a rational structure,scientific configuration,tight procedures,effective system of control is the key to curbing university corruption.Universities should adhere to the basic principles of the current norms,system,effectiveness,seriousness and construct a basic framework of system of preventing corruption that contains democratic decision-making,standardized management and effective supervision,etc.It should also establish and improve the assurance system in place and effective operational mechanism.


The ice-filled caldera of Mount Wrangell, Alaska, provides an unusual opportunity to examine the interaction between a glacier and an active volcano. The caldera acts as a giant calorimeter, preserving a rough balance between snow precipitation at the glacier surface and bottom melting. In April 1982 we sounded the glacier using an airborne 840 MHz pulsed radar (Narod B B, Clarke G K C 1983 UHF radar system for airborne surveys of ice thickness. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 20(7): 1073–1086). The data were recorded on magnetic tape, then computer processed and plotted as depth, rather than time, sections. In addition to mapping ice thickness, we detected extensive internal layers presumed to have been deposited during past eruptions of Mount Wrangell. The challenge of interpreting these internal reflectors inspired us to develop a unified interpretation model that incorporates both glaciological measurements and phenomenological equations for firn and ice. The interpretation model yields the variation with surface-normal depth z of temperature T, heat flux q, ice pressure p, density ρ, surface-normal component of flow velocity w, down-slope component of flow velocity u, depositional age ta, two-way wave travel time τ2, and two-way propagation loss P2. The following system of linear differential equations is integrated using the Runge-Kutta method: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 together with physical property relations such as the following 10 11 12 13 14 The boundary conditions on the integration variables are T(0) = Ts,T(h) = TM, p(0) = 0, ρ(0) =ρs, w(0) = ws, u(h) = uB, t a(0) = 0, τ2(0) = 0, and P2(0) = 0, where Ts is surface temperature, TM is bottom temperature, ρs is surface density, ws is surface-normal velocity measured at the glacier surface, and uB is sliding velocity. The remaining variables are thermal conductivity K, specific heat capacity c, flow-law constant B0, creep activation energy Q, universal gas constant R, shape factor F, surface slope α, flow-law exponent n, gravity acceleration g, empirical constants m1, m2, and p* from Benson's firn-densification law (Benson C S 1962 Stratigraphie studies in the snow and firn of the Greenland ice sheet. SIPRE Research Report 70), ice density ρI, surface value of two-dimensional flow divergence Δ0 = (∂u/∂x + ∂v/∂y)s, relative dielectric permittivity ∈, free-space electromagnetic wave velocity v0, propagation loss rate D,T0 = 273.16 °K, thermal conductivity of ice K.I, loss-law constant D0, and activation energy for propagation loss E. The units of temperature and density in the above equations are respectively K and kg m−3. Preliminary modelling has yielded an age-depth relationship for internal reflecting layers that roughly matches the known eruption record for Mount Wrangell and extends the volcanic history by more than 200 years. High signal absorption rates restrict interpretation of the caldera geometry. Reflections from the bed are not consistently detectable beyond a depth of approximately 350 m, suggesting a loss rate of 7–8 dB per 100 m of path length. The anomalous losses are attributed to abnormally high concentrations of ionic impurities and scattering sources.


Butsudan production companies have a major problem, namely that the production process has been delayed so that it is difficult to meet production targets on time. The problem is because the scheduling system used is not optimal. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study is to minimize the makespan value by determining the right sequence of jobs. In this study, the method used is the Heuristic Pour Algorithm, Branch and Bound, and NEH. Based on the results of the calculation using the company method, the makespan is 9.958,4 minutes, and the Heuristic Pour method is obtained by the makespan value of 9.461,1 minutes with job sequence J3-J2-J1-J4, the Branch and Bound method obtained by the makespan value of 9.717,3 minutes with job sequence J3-J1-J2-J4, the NEH method obtained the makespan result of 9.846,5 minutes with job sequence J2-J4-J1-J3. So using the proposed method can minimize makespan by 111,9 minutes to 497,3 minutes or about 8 hours.


This paper examines two concepts which are central to contemporary standard setting in occupational health and safety (OHS) regulation, and explores the differences and similarities between these concepts – the notion of 'reasonably practicable' which qualifies the 'general duties' and some other provisions in the Australian OHS standards, and the risk management requirements typically found in OHS regulations and approved codes of practice (advisory standards in Queensland).


The existing literature concerning the translation of political discourse in Thailand remains limited. To encourage more research in this area, this paper proposes a model for analysing the translation of political texts in the Thai context. Drawing upon Munday's (2012, 2018) appraisal approach to translation and Schäffner's (2004, 2012) analysis of the political context around translation, this paper offers a two-level methodology for investigating the Thai-English and English-Thai translation of political texts. The case of US President Biden's 2021 inaugural address was chosen for testing the model. The findings reveal that the two Thai news agencies translated only some parts of the speech, resulting in a selective re-presentation of Biden's political discourse. The ideological presentations of the two Thai versions are strikingly different: one representing a faithful portrayal of the original standpoint and the other with a stronger attitude in numerous ideology-laden terms. This paper also discusses the epitextual and contextual elements of the translations in question.


Background: Apical surgery is often a last resort to maintain an endodontically treated tooth with a persistent periapical lesion. The present study was conducted to assess cases of apical surgery. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 126 patients who underwent apical surgery of both genders. Apical surgery was performed following standardized process. Patients were recalled regularly for 1 year to record treatment outcome. Results: Age group 10-20 years had 20, 20-30 years had 32, 30-40 years had 40, 40-50 years had 19 and >50 years had 15 patients. The difference found to be significant (P< 0.05). The reason of periapical surgery was missing root canal in 53 cases, material beyond apex in 50, broken instrument in 13 and unknown in 10 cases. The difference found to be significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that indication of apical surgery was missed root canal, broken instrument and maximum cases were seen in 30-40 years of age.


Reviews several recent developments in the computer‐based analysis of reliability data. Starting from the traditional Weibull analysis, presents a description of developments which improve and extend the range of reliability analysis. These include: a five‐parameter distribution model for multiple failure modes; a goodness of fit test for data with suspended items; and a model selection technique which identifies the preferred distribution model, taking account of the number of failures, the number of suspensions and the number of parameters estimated from the data.


In this paper, we present the optimum objective function for snatch weightlifting using genetic algorithm optimization. Therefore, it would be possible to study snatch weightlifting more accurately, because the biomechanical parameters in this movement including the body trajectory and forces and torques acting in the joints, depend on the objective function. In this study, kinematics and dynamics equations of movements and three well-known objective functions as total kinetic energy, total torque and total power for biomechanical model of weightlifter using Lagrangian formulation have been obtained. In the results the optimal body trajectory has been obtained using mentioned three functions separately as objective functions and kinematics, dynamics, maximum tolerated torques and balance maintenance equations as constraints and also the barbell trajectory as input to optimization algorithm. The optimum objective function has been presented comparing the three analytical trajectories and the experimental trajectory, which has been calculated using infrared camera. The optimization showed us the trajectories generated by total power have the best convergence to the experimental trajectories.


In recent years, roadside safety research efforts have focused on the utilization of computer simulation technology to gain a better understanding of the behavior of roadside safety devices when subjected to vehicular impact. The objective of this project was to utilize the resources of the Center for Transportation Computational Mechanics to support the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) roadside safety research. The selection of roadside safety features to be modeled and simulated under this project was made in consultation with TxDOT personnel. Priority was given to modeling systems in support of ongoing, TxDOT-sponsored roadside safety projects. When design problems were identified through simulation or crash testing, researchers examined various design modifications to address the deficiencies and improve impact performance of the system. The results of the simulations were used to develop recommended improvements for full-scale crash testing and potential implementation. Three distinct roadside safety issues were investigated with the aid of computer simulation. An alternative to the popular T6 tubular W-beam bridge rail was developed to address problems with vehicle instability observed in full-scale crash testing. A retrofit connection to TxDOT's grid-slot portable concrete barrier was developed to limit dynamic barrier deflections to levels more practical for work zone deployment. Finally, crashworthy mow strip configurations were developed for use when vegetation control around guard fence systems is desired to reduce the cost and risk associated with hand mowing.


The internet is used increasingly as a platform both for free expression and e-commerce. The internet has unique security and privacy risks. Such risks include the threat of criminal cyberattacks, including hacking and doxing. Internet users have a variety of attitudes towards the security and privacy risks involved with using the internet and distinct concerns and behaviors with regard to expressing themselves online. In order to mitigate the security and privacy risks of the internet, some internet users spend valuable time thinking about and configuring the security settings of their devices. They may also have different attitudes towards personal spending of money for cybersecurity products and services. This article presents a survey of research and describes a research model to address these issues. Latent factors are proposed for expression reluctance, attitude toward personal cybersecurity purchasing, and attitude toward time expenditure on cybersecurity. The authors also present the results of an analysis using two of the factors.


* Laboratory of Macromolecular and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelkrim Khattabi Ave. PO Box 549, Marrakesh, Morocco ** Lignocellulosic Materials Research Center, Quebec University Trois-Rivieres, 3351 des Forges Blvd. PO Box 500, Trois-Rivieres, Canada *** CNRS – Limoges University, Science of Ceramic Processing and Surface Treatments, UMR 7315, European Ceramic Center (CEC), 12 Atlantis St., F-87068 Limoges Cedex, France ✉Corresponding author: F. Brouillette, email@example.com


Several studies report the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) and their compounds. However, the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar roots are limited. In this study, we compared the anticancer effect of Glycyrrhiza cultivar (Wongam and Shinwongam) extracts with G. glabra and G. uralensis extracts in breast cancer cell lines. Freeze dried Glycyrrhiza root extracts were dissolved in cell culture media at 2 mg/mL and filtered by 0.2 μm filter. Glycyrrhiza root extracts were serially diluted at the concentrations of 10 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, 800 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL and 2000 μg/mL. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of Glycyrrhiza root extracts and the cell viability was measured using MTT assay. In MCF-7 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with Wongam and showed significant difference with Shinwongam at 1000 μg/mL (G. glabra 101.2% and Shinwongam 82.68%) and 2000 μg/mL (G. glabra 83.07% and Shinwongam 54.05%). G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at 2000 μg/mL (G. uralensis 66.48% and Wongam 95.02%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In MDA-MB-231 cells, G. glabra showed no significant difference with both Wongam and Shinwongam. G. uralensis showed significant difference with Wongam at 2000 μg/mL (G. uralensis 72.59% and Wongam 93.47%) and showed no significant difference with Shinwongam. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that G, glabra and G. uralensis compared with Wongam, and Shinwongam at low concentrations (10 μg/mL~800 μg/mL) display similar cytotoxic potency.


An analytical expression for the scattering profiles from a disordered melt of symmetric, nonuniformly labeled A−B diblock copolymers is derived using the multicomponent random phase approximation. The expression is simple and contains one additional, temperature-independent constant that is a measure of the ensemble-averaged deviations of the scattering lengths of the two blocks from their mean values. The kind of nonuniformity considered here is a natural consequence of many of the popular synthetic routes used to obtain deuterium labeled block copolymers. Small-angle neutron-scattering experiments were conducted on a block copolymer obtained by saturating the double bonds of an anionically synthesized polydiene precursor with deuterium. The scattering data from our block copolymer in the disordered state are qualitatively inconsistent with all of the previously published theories on block copolymer thermodynamics. The data are, however, in quantitative agreement with the proposed expression. This enabl...


The "two‐step" strategy composed of Pickering emulsion method and supercritical batch foaming technology is successfully conducted to prepare the microcellular polycaprolactone (PCL)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)/carbon black (CB) conductive composites. Benefitting from the segregated CNC/CB networks established in the PCL matrix, the obtained microcellular conductive composites can present improved electrical and mechanical performance, and uniform foam structures. The percolation threshold (φc) is estimated as low as ~0.84 wt%, and the minimum tensile strain and strength belonging to the foamed composite with 10 wt% of CB content still maintain 15% and 3.95 MPa, respectively. This study hopes to provide an attempt to prepare microcellular conductive composites with great comprehensive performance.


Background: To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) at a Semi-Urban teaching hospital in Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: A thorough history, clinical examination and Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography (TTE) was done for all the live birth, children up to 18years of age and patients between 18 to 25 years, who were referred or presented to the Department of Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar (AP), over a period of 5 years from July 2008 through June 2013. Those suspected to having a CHD or referred in our department, were further evaluated with: Clinically, Twelve-Lead-Surface Electrocardiography, Chest Radiography and the diagnosis was confirmed by TTE. Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography, M-Mode, Color flow doppler and Spectral doppler echocardiography was done in all patients in the various views. Results: Total 13,554 patients were examined and underwent TTE. Out of 13,554 patients 116 were identified as having congenital heart diseases, thus giving a prevalence of 8.55 per 1,000 live births. Isolated Ventricular septal defect (28.44%), isolated atrial septal defect (18.10%), Patent ductus arteriosus (10.34%), isolated congenital pulmonary stenosis (6.03%) and tetralogy of Fallot's (6.03%), were the commonest defects observed and confirmed by TTE. TOF was the main cyanotic CHD (6.03%), with the prevalence of 0.51% per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD and PDA were more prevalent in males. TOF and Complete A.V. Canal defect was prevalent in females. All small size muscular and perimembranous VSD was closed spontaneously. Spontaneous closure rate of 75.00% in Muscular VSD and 52.17% in perimembranous VSD was observed. Spontaneous closure rate of Ostium secundum type ASD was 53.33%. Conclusions: The prevalence of CHD at a tertiary teaching hospital (CAIMS, Bommakal, Karimnagar, AP, India), is 8.55 per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD, PDA are the most common acyanotic and TOF was the commonest cyanotic congenital heart defects respectively. Non-Invasive Cardiac diagnostic technique (like TTE) plays major in the diagnosis of CHD. When clinical evidences lead to suspicion of congenital heart defect, an echocardiography should be performed immediately.


In order to improve the breeding efficiency of Capsicum annuum L.,using 60Co-γ to radiate callus of Capsicum annuum L.,the new regeneration plant was induced and an in vitro culture system was built.The result of gradient radiation indicated that the radiation dose of 20 Gy is the optimum dosage to ensure a high survival rate in the premise,it also can creating enough mutation.The results of study on induced new plant regenerate from callus showed that breeding by combination method of irradiation and tissue culture can obtain rich variant,increase choice and shorten breeding cycle.


Medical as well as surgical treatment of Benign prostate hyperplasia, despite a long history of credentials and conduct, still poses a challenge to medical fraternity in terms of finding satisfactory cure of the disease. This clinical study was done to evaluate the synergetic therapeutic and clinical effect of the Kanchnara Guggulu with Vir-tarvadi Gana Kashaya in the management of Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 28 patients of BPH vis-a-vis Vatashthila were studied, who were randomly selected. Modified Boyarsky scoring system and International prostate symptoms score was taken for subjective assessment. Ultrasonically assessed weight and size of prostate and post voidal residual urine were criterion for objective evaluation. The total IPSS was improved by 76.17% from 25.785 ± 3.224 to 6.142 ± 2.304. The reduction in symptom score was highly significant (t = 32.249, p < 0.001).The score of "quality of life" had shown 80.58% improvement. The prostate weight was reduced by 3.01% from the mean value 48.978 ± 16.457 gm to 47.5035 ± 17.314 gm. The reduction in volume of post voidal residual urine from 47.893 ± 42.99 ml to 10.678 ± 16.129 ml was noted. The result shows that the action of drugs Kanchnar Guggulu and Virtarvadi Gana Kashaya are not only over physiologic component but also over the anatomical component of pathogenesis.


Studies of the formation and evolution of young stars and their disks rely on the knowledge of the stellar parameters of the young stars. The derivation of these parameters is commonly based on comparison with photospheric template spectra. Furthermore, chromospheric emission in young active stars impacts the measurement of mass accretion rates, a key quantity to study disk evolution. Here we derive stellar properties of low-mass pre-main sequence stars without disks, which represent ideal photospheric templates for studies of young stars. We also use these spectra to constrain the impact of chromospheric emission on the measurements of mass accretion rates. The spectra in reduced, flux-calibrated, and corrected for telluric absorption form are made available to the community. We derive the spectral type for our targets by analyzing the photospheric molecular features present in their VLT/X-Shooter spectra by means of spectral indices and comparison of the relative strength of photospheric absorption features. We also measure effective temperature, gravity, projected rotational velocity, and radial velocity from our spectra by fitting them with synthetic spectra with the ROTFIT tool. The targets have negligible extinction and spectral type from G5 to M8. We perform synthetic photometry on the spectra to derive the typical colors of young stars in different filters. We measure the luminosity of the emission lines present in the spectra and estimate the noise due to chromospheric emission in the measurements of accretion luminosity in accreting stars. We provide a calibration of the photospheric colors of young PMS stars as a function of their spectral type in a set of standard broad-band optical and near-infrared filters. For stars with masses of ~ 1.5Msun and ages of ~1-5 Myr, the chromospheric noise converts to a limit of measurable mass accretion rates of ~ 3x10^-10 Msun/yr.


Summary This study compares some in vivo pharmacological properties of CY 216 and of its ACLM and BCLM components having a molecular weight above and below 5.4 kDa respectively. The anti-factor Xa/anti-thrombin ratio of these compounds determined in a rabbit plasma system were 2.5 and 1.2 for CY 216 and ACLM respectively while BCLM was devoid of anti-thrombin effect. After bolus intravenous injection, continuous infusion and subcutaneous administration, the clearances of anti-factor Xa activity generated by ACLM were, on the average, 2 and 1.5 times higher than those generated by BCLM and CY 216 respectively. The clearances of the anti-thrombin activity were comparable for CY 216 and ACLM, and higher than those of the antifactor Xa activity. The duration of the antithrombotic effect was investigated in the Wessler model after a single subcutaneous injection of 1000 anti-factor Xa units of one of the compounds. Using thromboplastin as thrombogenic stimulus, the most efficient agent was ACLM and the antithrombotic activity was essentially correlated to the circulating anti-thrombin activity. Using human serum as thrombogenic stimulus, ACLM and BCLM were more efficient than CY 216 and the antithrombotic activity was mainly correlated to the anti-factor Xa activity. The ability of the 3 compounds to inhibit venous thrombosis growth was compared: they were found equipotent and the antithrombotic effect was independent of the anti-thrombin activity. The pro-haemorrhagic properties were compared in the rabbit ear model. The activity of the 3 compounds were comparable and significantly less prohaemorrhagic than unfractionated heparin. These results suggest that the haemorrhagic potential of unfractionated heparin and of LMWH is independent of the anti-thrombin and anticoagulant activity, but related to the molecular weight. These observations indicate that factor Xa inhibition is a valuable target to prevent and to treat venous thrombosis and that the anti-factor Xa activity of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) largely contributes to its antithrombotic effect.


Apart from model organisms, 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) are among the most studied insects in evolution and ecology. They are attractive subjects because they predictably emerge in large numbers; have a complex biogeography shaped by both spatial and temporal isolation; and include three largely sympatric, parallel species groups that are, in a sense, evolutionary replicates. Magicicada are also relatively easy to capture and manipulate, and their spectacular, synchronized mass emergences facilitate outreach and citizen science opportunities. Since the last major review, studies of Magicicada have revealed insights into reproductive character displacement and the nature of species boundaries, provided additional examples of allochronic speciation, found evidence for repeated and parallel (but noncontemporaneous) evolution of 13- and 17-year life cycles, quantified the amount and direction of gene flow through time, revealed phylogeographic patterning resulting from paleoclimate change, studied the timing of juvenile development, and created hypotheses for the evolution of life-cycle control and the future effects of climate change on Magicicada life cycles. New ecological studies have supported and questioned the role of prime numbers in Magicicada ecology and evolution, found bidirectional shifts in population size over generations, quantified the contribution of Magicicada to nutrient flow in forest ecosystems, and examined behavioral and biochemical interactions between Magicicada and their fungal parasites and bacterial endosymbionts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Online Reputation Management is a novel and active area in Computational Linguistics. Closely related to opinion mining and sentiment analysis, it incorporates new features to traditional tasks like polarity detection. In this paper, we study the feasibility of applying complex sentiment analysis methods to classifying polarity for reputation. We adapt an existing emotional concept-based system for sentiment analysis to determine polarity of tweets with reputational information about companies. The original system has been extended to work with texts in English and in Spanish, and to include a module for filtering tweets according to their relevance to each company. The resulting UNED system for profiling task participated in the first RepLab campaign. The experimental results prove that sentiment analysis techniques are a good starting point for creating systems for automatic detection of polarity for reputation.


Novel polymerizable photochromic liquid crystal materials containing either the 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3'-[3H]naphth[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine] group or the 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3'-[3H]pyrido[3,2-f][1,4]benzoxazine] group as the photochromic moiety, and the biphenylene unit as the mesogenic moiety, were synthesized. Thermal and physical properties of the compounds were examined using differential scanning calorimetry, optical polarizing microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The photochromic compounds containing both photochromic and mesogenic moieties showed metastable mesophases; These tended to crystallize with time and on heating. The crystallization behaviours were strongly dependent on the structure of the terminal group of alkylene spacer and the position of the spiro-oxazine bound to the mesogen.


Traditional manual sorting operation is not suitable for the development of Chinese logistics. For better sorting packages, a QR code recognition technology is proposed to identify the QR code label on the packages in package auto-sorting system. The experimental results compared with other algorithms in literatures demonstrate that the proposed method is valid and its performance is superior to other algorithms.


The physics-chemical character,the disinfection mechanism,and the synthetic method of bromochlorohydantoin were summarized.On the base,the synthetic technological parameters of bromochlorohydantoin were studied.As the primary quality indexes,the bromine and chlorine content and yield were tested.The effects of pH,the ratio of raw materials,temperature,time etc.on the quality of products were estimated and the optimum technological conditions were determined.Bromochlorohydantoin prepared under the optimum conditions has the bromine and chlorine content of more than 96%.And bromochlorohydantoin average yield is 97.30%,which reaches the quality requirements of the similar products at home and abroad.


The model order selection in signal processing problems has often been addressed by employing the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the minimum description length principle (MDL). The popularity of these criteria partly stems from the intrinsically simple means by which they can be implemented. They can, however, produce misleading results if they are indiscriminately utilized. A case in point is the problem of model order selection of sinusoidal signals embedded in Gaussian noise. Following the Bayesian methodology, for these signals we derive a model order selection criterion whose general form is similar to the AIC and MDL. It contains both, the log-likelihood and the penalty terms, the latter of which is modified and more appropriate for the selection of sinusoidal-signals. Simulation results are provided, and they disclose remarkable improvement in our selection rule over the MDL and AIC.


The electron transfer (ET) properties of π-electron conjugated quasi-one-dimensional molecular wires, consisting of polyene, [>CC<]n (n = 1–11), including β-carotene, is investigated using ab initio molecular orbital theory within Koopmans theorem (KT) approach. The ET coupling matrix element, VDA, for 1,3-trans-butadiene molecule calculated with the KT approach shows excellent agreement with the corresponding results obtained with two-state model. The calculated values of VDA for the polyene oligomers exhibit exponential decrease in magnitude with increasing length of the wire. However, the decay curve exhibits three different regimes. The magnitude of the decay constant, β, decreases with the increase in length of the wire. A highly delocalized π-electron cloud in the polyene chain appears to facilitate retention of the electronic coupling at large separations between the donor and acceptor centers. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009


More and more applications make use of hardware resources that are available all over the network at different physical places and that are the property of unknown persons or organizations. One of the major problems of such a configuration is that it requires a mutual trust between the owner of the application to be executed and the owners of the resources that execute the code. Both can be dangerous for the other. In this paper, we present the distributed secure platform that we have set up to solve this problem and some application domains where it can be helpful to enforce security.


Real-time 1O<inf>2</inf> detection in photodynamic therapy(PDT) is meaningful but difficult. Chemiluminescence(CL) method has a high signal/noise ratio on in vivo 1O<inf>2</inf> detection. Results indicate there was a remarkable relationship between tumor cure rate and CL.


Direct tip position regulation of flexible manipulators is one of the most challenging control tasks. There are mainly three problems to be addressed in order to achieve good performance. The first two control problems arise owing to the unstable zeros and complex poles in the system nominal part which is dominated by a transfer function. The third problem is the existence of unstructured uncertainties owing to the truncation of high-order resonance modes and system nonlinearities. Because of the above difficulties and in particular the non-minimum-phase nature, tip regulation task of flexible manipulators is usually solved indirectly: direct control of joint angle and suppression of the flexible link vibration. The aim of this study is to investigate the direct approach for tip regulation. Since the tip transfer function contains unstable zeros and the first few dominant flexible modes (complex poles), a reference model of the same order is selected which does not have any finite zero but all negative real poles. In order to force the system to follow the reference model in the presence of the unstructured uncertainties, a variable structure controller is adopted in which the switching surface is derived from the reference model. When in sliding mode, the system performs as the reference model. Hence there will be no vibration and the tip position regulation can be achieved when the system approaches steady state. To improve the system responses further, an adaptation law with dead-zone scheme is combined with the variable structure controller. Simulation results show that link vibrations have been eliminated and the control profile is fairly smooth.


The construct of pro-social rule breaking occupies an important, but largely neglected position within exi-sting frameworks of organizational deviance Pro-social rule breaking (PSRB) is a form of constructive de-viance characterized by volitional rule breaking in the interest of the organization or its stakeholders.Usi-ng survey data collected from 252 employees in different organizations in China,the researchers empirically examines the relationship between transformational leadership and employee's pro-social rule breaking and the mediating role of job autonomy. Results indicate that transformational leadership is positively rel-ated to pro-social rule breaking,job autonomy fully mediates the relationships between transformational le-adership and employee's pro-social rule breaking. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. A set of future research directions are offered.


In this study, we collected two subsequent swabs from 7 immunocompetent up to date vaccinated healthcare workers undergoing mild symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and applied a next generation sequencing approach to establish the intra-host dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 quasispecies. Data obtained show that complex dynamics of viral quasispecies occur over a short period of time in patients infected with BA.1 and BA.2. as compared to patients infected with BA.2.3 and BA.5. The low frequency of quasispecies in BA.2.3- and BA.5-infected patients supports the hypothesis that these omicron sub-lineages are adapted to vaccine-elicited immune responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of comprehensive treatment to the congenital nystagmus.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 221 simple nystagmus patients.Methods All paitents were given best corrected glasses.The range of the glasses were narrowed using a black tape sticking to margin of the glass to form a peep hole.The diameter of the peep hole was ≥2.5 cm.All the patients were also treated with the grating red watching Haidinger brush.Those patients whose best corrected visual acuity was less than 0.2,were treated with widest grating,and training to watch a sighting-target with diameter ≤5 cm and located at 3 me-ters away,6 minutes once.The patient whose VEP latency was abnormal was given oral lutein.The patients were followed up at 1 month,3 months,6 months and 2 years after first visit.The visual acuity,amplitude and frequency of nystagmus at each visit were compared.Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity,amplitude and frequency of nystagmus.Results The average best corrected visual acuity improved from 0.40±0.12 to 0.92±0.17 at 3 months follow up.The frequency of nystagmus decreased from 180±30/min to 150± 20/min,and the amplitude of nystagmus dereased from 3±1 mm to 2±1 mm.Conclusion The comprehensive treatments,including peep hole,optical training and oral medicine,are effective in treating nystagmus.


Several interesting planetary missions are either enabled for significantly enhanced by nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) in the 50 to 100 kW power range (SP‐100 class). These missions include a Pluto Orbiter with a 10‐year flight time and several years of operational life in orbit versus a ballistic very fast (13 km/s) flyby which would take longer to get to pluto and would have a very short time to observe the planet. (A ballistic orbiter would take 36 years to get to Pluto.) Other missions include a neptune Orbiter /Probe, a Jupiter Grand Tour orbiting each of the major moons in order, a Jupiter polar orbiter, and a multiple asteroid rendezvous orbiting six selected asteroids. This paper discusses several of the potential missions and compares the Nuclear Electric Propulsion option to the conventional ballistic approach on a parametric basis.


This paper discusses methods of analysing grain boundary structure in a commercial alloy system using transmission electron microscopy of thin foils. The results illustrate how the fine scale structure of grain boundaries may be analysed by employing weak beam imaging techniques and grain boundary diffraction effects.


A centralized trust-based collusion attack strategy in conjunction with an integer linear programming is proposed to compromise the decision of the fusion center in a two-phase energy efficient collaborative spectrum sensing (CSS) strategy, namely EE-CSS, which was discussed in [1]. The proposed strategy aims to attack only when it is likely to compromise the decision of the fusion center (FC). The results show that the proposed collusion attack can impact the global false alarm and miss detection probabilities drastically. A mitigating strategy based on cross-correlation of sensing reports is proposed to identify the secondary users with unusual behavior and to eliminate them from the decision making process at the FC.


The possibilities that a general autonomous and deterministic dynamical system offers as a model for a single species population is explored in detail. As an application of the algorithm derived from this study, the model is successfully adapted to several concrete situations.


A G-equivariant spin c -structure on a manifold gives rise to a virtual representation of the group G, called the spin c -quantization of the manifold. We present a cutting construction for S 1 -equivariant spin c -manifolds and show that the quantization of the original manifold is isomorphic to the direct sum of the quantizations of the cut spaces. Our proof uses Kostant-type formulas, which express the quantization in terms of local data around the fixed point set of the S 1 -action.