Abstract A narrow stripe (GaAl) As/GaAs laser is described, which has low source noise, high linearity and an expected life in excess of 20,000 hours. It has a short coherence length compared with a self-focused or refractive index guided laser giving very good modal noise performance. It is suitable for all digital systems and all but the most demanding amplitude modulated analogue systems.


Patients' enduring interest in tumescent liposuction and noninvasive procedures indicates there's a fertile market for manufacturers to explore, an expert says.


Eric Thompson (1948:19) was correct in observing an "excessive preoccupation" with death in the art of Cotzumalguapa. Skeletal beings and death gods outnumber all other figures portrayed in the corpus of over 200 sculptures known from the city and its region. The number constantly increases, and several examples of great interest have turned up in recent years. In this article, we describe four sculptures found in the last decade that have enriched the repertory of mortuary depictions known from Cotzumalguapa. At the same time, we present an iconographic review of these and other representations in an In This Issue:


Objective To describe the techniques and the results of double bundle anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction under arthroscope using eight strands of hamstring tendon. Methods Forty - nine cases of ACL ruptures were taken reconstruction with eight - stranded hamstring tendon in a two - bundle and four - tunnel way under arthroscopy from October 2005 to October 2010. Taking four strands of semitendinous tendon to replace anterior medial bundle, four strands of gracilis tendon to build posterior lateral bundle, through double bone tunnels of tibia and femur, the ligaments were fixed using aesculap implant of braun company. Or taking four - strand of gracilis and semitendinous tendon from one side to reconstruct AM bundle, four - strand of gracilis and semitendinous tendon from the other side to reconstruct PL bundle, the grafts were fixed using Endobutton on femur side and bioscrew on tibial side. The clinical results were evaluated according to Lysholm rating scales. Results All the patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months(mean, 18 months). Except one case was infected, the other 48 cases were satified with function rehabilitation. Pivot shift test was one degree positive in 3 cases, Lachman test was one degree positive in 3 cases, and anterior drawer test was one degree positive in 2 cases, proving good results of stability of the knee. The Lysholm score increased from (50± 7 ) before operation to (93 ± 7 ) after operation, there was significant difference ( P 〈 0. 01 ). Conclusions Reliable stability can be obtained after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using eight strands of hamstring tendon.

Key words:
Knee joint ;  Arthroscope ;  Anterior cruciate - ligament ;  Tendon ;  Double bundle reconstruction


The Party's purpose is to serve the people heart and soul.Since its founding 90 years ago,this purpose has never been wavered or changed.But this does not mean that this purpose has been exactly implemented at any time and under any circumstances.At present,on the issue of carrying out the Party's purpose,we are encountering some difficulties,plights or troubles,which attributes to the erosion of Western decadent ideas and the reoccurrence of the Chinese traditional feudal ideology.The lack of ideological understanding is also due to the imperfection of system and mechanism.Carrying out the Party's purpose well is the only proper way to attain the people's trust.


An investment officer at a community bank recently told me that he kept hearing and reading about "swap spreads" and "the swaps curve" and really didn't know exactly what those things were. He was right to ask since a great deal of financial analysis these days relies on the swaps market as a source of information about expectations for interest rates, credit risk and bond market behavior. I was quick to explain that interest rate swaps are primarily the domain of money center banks, super-regionals, and large financial institutions. It really doesn't make sense for small community banks to engage in interest rate swaps for a number of reasons including minimum size requirements, high transaction costs, and burdensome accounting issues. Nonetheless, some basic understanding of the swaps market is worthwhile.


: The application of logarithmic amplifier utilised to drive digital ideal CMOS inverter including the application of voltage level shifter has been simulated using pspice. In the proposed paper for the three stages of circuit, the transient analysis have been simulated by making use of SPICE software. Therefore SPICE found as a general purpose circuit analyzer that simulates electronic circuits and can perform various analysis on electronic circuits. By employing pspice, the evaluation of the circuit has been proposed in this paper to exhibit an innovative approach to drive the CMOS inverter. Also this paper describes about the significance of symmetric wave provided as input to the CMOS inverter by which the influenced factors of designing IC will get minimized by the consideration of the feature size.


A method for detecting a rollover situation of a vehicle (1), in which a rollover situation only in response to a lateral acceleration (ay) of the vehicle (1) and a roll rate (RR) about a longitudinal axis of the vehicle (1) is determined.


SUMMARY A general theory of singularities in sampling distributions, given previously for statistical functions on a Euclidean space, is here extended to functions on a hypersphere; in particular, to distributions of ratios of quadratic forms. The parent distributions chiefly considered are normal and nonsingular. The theory expresses the density of a sampling distribution as the sum of a singular function and a smoother remainder. Cases are adduced in which the remainder vanishes: in more general cases, approximations to the remainder may be based on moments or other supplementary information. Numerical illustrations of approximations based mainly on singularities are given for distributions of noncircular serial correlation coefficients with known mean in samples of sizes 5 and 10. An appendix extends Hotelling's expansion for a sampling distribution near an end of its range, and provides an integral remainder and bounds for this remainder.


Insufficient breast milk intake from a mother to their babies may cause a poor infant growth. We have conducted a research on mixture of klabet seed extracts (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and kelor leaf extract ( Moringa oleifera Lamk .) (1:1) for increasing breast milk production in nursing mothers and nutritional supplement for infants. The study is a completely randomized design. We used white rats ( Rattus novergicus), Wistar strain, as many as 50, that were divided into 5 dose groups for the acute toxicity testing and 40 rats in 4 dose groups for the sub-chronic toxicity testing.The acute toxicity testing of fenugreek seed extracts and moringa leaf extracts (1:1) results in a pseudo value LD50 >4,000 mg/200g bw, therefore we classified the materials to practically non-toxic (PNT). For the subchronic toxicity testing, the result showed a normal state on liver and kidney function.


A report describing the methodology behind an implementation pathway for the Community Resource Person innovation being implemented by the Technical Support Unit (a large-scale collaboration between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Uttar Pradesh government) in Uttar Pradesh, India.


RESEARCH DATA SHOW THAT AGGREGATE TYPE IS A VITAL FACTOR IN PAVEMENT FRICTION AND LIMESTONE AGGREGATES TEND TO POLISH MORE READILY THAN OTHER AGGREGATES. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN POLISH SUSCEPTIBILITY EXIST AMONG LIMESTONES AND THESE DIFFERENCES ARE RELATED PRIMARILY TO THE NON-CARBONATE OR ACID INSOLUBLE CONSTITUENTS IN THE ROCK. SINCE 1946, THE VIRGINIA HIGHWAY RESEARCH COUNCIL HAS ACCUMULATED A LARGE NUMBER OF PAVEMENT FRICTION MEASUREMENTS AND INFORMATION ON AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS. BASED ON THESE DATA, IT APPEARS THAT A SIMPLE RELATIONSHIP EXISTS BETWEEN THE TOTAL ACID INSOLUBLE CONTENT OF VIRGINIA LIMESTONES AND THEIR POLISH RESISTANCE AS EVALUATED BY STOPPING DISTANCE NUMBERS. FROM THIS RELATIONSHIP AND OBSERVATIONS ON TRAFFIC VOLUMES, TENTATIVE GUIDELINES FOR USING LIMESTONES IN PAVEMENT SURFACES ARE PROPOSED. THIS INVOLVES USING LIMESTONES WITH INCREASINGLY HIGHER INSOLUBLE FRACTIONS IN PAVEMENT SURFACES CARRYING PROGRESSIVELY GREATER TRAFFIC VOLUMES. IT IS THOUGHT THAT CERTAIN RELATIVELY IMPURE LIMESTONES MAY BE USED IN PAVEMENTS CARRYING UP TO 10,000 VEHICLES PER DAY. IF SELECTED LIMESTONES CAN BE USED IN PAVEMENT SURFACES, CONSIDERABLE ECONOMIES WILL RESULT, BECAUSE MANY STATES ARE EITHER EXCLUDING OR CONSIDERING EXCLUSION OF ALL LIMESTONES FROM PAVEMENT SURFACES. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT OTHER STATES CARRY OUT SIMILAR STUDIES RELATING PAVEMENT FRICTION TO LIMESTONE AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS, PARTICULARLY THE INSOLUBLE CONTENT. THUS THE TENTATIVE GUIDELINES SUGGESTED HERE MAY BE REFINED AND FOUND USEFUL OUTSIDE VIRGINIA. /AUTHOR/


Using an iterative rain‐cell tracking method to identify and track mesoscale convective system (MCS) precipitation during the warm seasons (May–October) of 2015–2020, we reveal the seasonal variation in the spatiotemporal distribution, rainfall characteristics, and the life cycle of MCS precipitation in different months over North China. Notable MCS precipitation centers are located around mountain slopes and downstream areas. The diurnal peak of MCS rainfall is manifested as a southeastern delay from afternoon in mountainous regions to midnight or morning over downstream plains. In May and June, MCS rainfall is distributed on the hillside of Taihang–Yan mountains and the Shandong Peninsula. MCS precipitation gets an early evening peak on mountain slopes and a nocturnal maximum over the North China Plain (NCP). In July and August, the MCS activities extend to NCP, and another MCS precipitation center exists over the Luliang Mountains in western North China, under the seasonal march of the monsoon flow. The local diurnal peaks to the east of 114°E are generally later than in May and June, and MCS precipitation gets a peak during midnight to early morning over the NCP. MCSs in July and August feature the strongest intensity. In September and October, the MCS precipitation shifts to high terrain of the Taihang Mountains and its west, with an early afternoon peak. MCSs have the largest size and the fastest propagation speed in September and October, but with the weakest intensity. Compared with short‐lived MCSs, long‐lived MCSs have stronger precipitation intensity, larger rainfall area, and faster propagation speed. In addition, the life cycle of long‐lived MCS precipitation represents asymmetric development and decay. Long‐lived MCSs occur with more pronounced upper troposphere warming and low‐level anomalous southwesterlies. Meanwhile, higher specific humidity in the low‐ and mid‐level troposphere provides a more favorable environment for the maintenance of MCS precipitation.


Measures of the status of women and their potential for equality with men may be derived from women's position in five major spheres of activity — sexual relationships, reproduction, homemaking and child-care, economic production, and political decision making— and from the degree of functional independence among these spheres of activity. Some commonly used statistical indicators of the status of women in the United States from 1900 through the early 1970s are evaluated as measures of progress toward equality between the sexes, defined here as the abolition of the social division of labor based on gender, and some new measures are proposed.


High vacuum triboelectric testing of space materials was required to identify possible Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) concerns for the astronauts in space during electronics board replacement on the Hubble Space Telescope. Testing under high vacuum conditions with common materials resulted in some interesting results. Many materials were able to charge to high levels which did not dissipate quickly even when grounded. Certain materials were able to charge up in contact with grounded metals while others were not. An interesting result was that like materials did not exchange electrostatic charge under high vacuum conditions. The most surprising experimental result is the lack of brush discharges from charged insulators under high vacuum conditions.


To explore the pollution characteristics of dust-fall in Baoshan district of Shanghai,atmospheric dust-fall samples were collected and analyzed in three seasons of Baoshan district.The assessment of dust-fall pollution was performed with single-factor pollution index and air pollution index.Results showed that dust flux of Baoshan was 3.4—52.5 g·m-2·month-1 during the study period.Total dust flux in spring was higher than that in winter,and with the lowest dust flux in autumn.In terms of the dust-fall polluted areas,it was the following:springwinterautumn,with 48.7% of the observed area polluted in spring.As far as the polluting level was concerned,the highest level was present in winter,viz.the heavily pollution grade.Among the different functional areas,dust-fall flux and dust-fall pollution grade were the highest in industry area,indicating that the particle introduced by industry is the main source of air dust fall.


A theoretical and experimental study was carried out on the use of measurements of the pixel admittances in a TFT active matrix liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) for automatic testing of such displays. Series and parallel equivalent circuit models were used to model the admittances of individual pixels. Transmission line theory was used to model the effect of panel line resistances and shunt capacitances on the admittance measurements at various locations on the panel. The results of experiments taken on a TFT active matrix substrate with 480 gate and 1920 drain lines showed that individual pixel admittances could be measured with a standard deviation of less than .001pF and .05nS. The measurements also showed that the series circuit pixel measurements could measure TFT on conductance with a standard deviation of less than 0. lnS. Measurements along a gate and along a drain showed that the transmission line model accurately predicted the variation in pixel admittance measurements across a panel. The use of a transfer admittance method for panel measurements and for diagnosing defects on a TFT-LCD substrate has been shown. A test system using the transfer admittance method to quickly and automatically test and diagnose defects and characteristics of TFT-LCD panels is described. Thesis Supervisor: John L. Wyatt Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT Thesis Supervisor: Henry P. Hall Title: Senior Staff Scientist, GenRad


Abstract Hierarchical decomposition is considered to be one of the most powerful and offective tools to deal with complexity. Hierarchical system theory, which deals with system decomposition and coordination, can be used to decentralize and reduce the computational efforts requirements for many large-scale problems. This is achieved by decomposing the original system problem into several lower order easier to handle sub-problems, which are then coordinated such that the overall system objectives are met. In this work a hierarchical system theory approach to the discrete-time system identification problem is considered for stochastic large-scale system applications. A set of sequential discrete-time hierarchical identification algorithms, suitable for known and unknown system noise moments, are first obtained using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach with covariance matching and maximum likelihood (ML) methods. This is conducted in a two level hierarchical structure with two principles of coordination. ...


Introduction: Although the impact of sex on patient outcomes for heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been reported, it is still unclear whether this impact is applicable for elderly patients with HFpEF. This study was conducted as a secondary analysis from a large randomized controlled trial—The Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial (TOPCAT)—to evaluate the impact of sex differences on the baseline characteristics and outcomes of HFpEF patients who were older than 70 years. Methods: Baseline characteristic of elderly patients were compared between men and women. Primary outcomes were cardiovascular (CV) mortality and HF-related hospitalization, whereas secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and all-cause hospitalization. Cox regression models were used to determine the effect of sex differences on patient outcomes. Results: A total of 1,619 patients were included in the study: 898 (55.5%) women and 721 (44.5%) men. Age was similar between women and men. Women had fewer comorbidities but worse cardiac function than men. The rate of primary outcomes was lower in women than in men (18.4 vs. 27.5%; p < 0.001), including rate of CV mortality (8.9 vs. 14.8%; p < 0.001) and HF-related hospitalization (13.4 vs. 18.2%; p = 0.008). All-cause mortality was also lower in women than in men (15.6 vs. 25.4%; p < 0.001). After adjustment for baseline characteristics, Cox regression analysis showed that female sex was a protective factor for CV mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40–0.73], HF-related hospitalization (HR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55–0.93), and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.47–0.75). Although spironolactone significantly reduced the rate of all-cause mortality in women even after adjusting for baseline characteristics (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48–0.96; p = 0.028), no significant multivariate association was noted between sex and treatment effects (p = 0.190). Conclusion: Among elderly patients with HFpEF, women had worse cardiac function but better survival and lower HF-related hospitalization rate than men. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT00094302 (TOPCAT). Registered October 15, 2004, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00094302.


Recent research has illustrated privacy breaches that can be effected on an anonymized dataset by an attacker who has access to auxiliary information about the users. Most of these attack strategies rely on the uniqueness of specific aspects of the users' data - e.g., observing a mobile user at just a few points on the time-location space are sufficient to uniquely identify him/her from an anonymized set of users. In this work, we consider de-anonymization attacks on anonymized summary statistics in the form of histograms. Such summary statistics are useful for many applications that do not need knowledge about exact user behavior. We consider an attacker who has access to an anonymized set of histograms of K users' data and an independent set of data belonging to the same users. Modeling the users' data as i.i.d., we study the composite hypothesis testing problem of identifying the correct matching between the anonymized histograms from the first set and the user data from the second. We propose a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test as a solution to this problem and show that the solution can be identified using a minimum weight matching algorithm on an K × K complete bipartite weighted graph. We show that a variant of this solution is asymptotically optimal as the data lengths are increased.We apply the algorithm on mobility traces of over 1000 users on EPFL campus collected during two weeks and show that up to 70% of the users can be correctly matched. These results show that anonymized summary statistics of mobility traces themselves contain a significant amount of information that can be used to uniquely identify users by an attacker who has access to auxiliary information about the statistics.


It is well known that some part of solar energetic particles (SEP) escape up into solar wind. We calculate the expected space-time-energy distribution of these particles in the Heliosphere in the periods of great SEP events. On the basis of investigations of cosmic ray (CR) nonlinear processes we estimate also the spacetime distribution of solar wind matter. We calculate the generation of neutral pions from nuclear interactions of SEP with the upper corona and solar wind matter, and then GR fluxes (from decay of neutral pions). We found the expected space distribution of GR emissivity and how it changed with time. Then we calculate the expected time variation of the angle distribution and spectra of GR fluxes. It is shown that by simultaneously observations in different directions of GR generated by SEP interactions with upper corona and solar wind matter can be obtained information on SEP energy spectrum in source, on mode and parameters of SEP propagation, what may be useful also for radiation hazard forecasting.


Endemic in Paris and other cities, and epidemic in the countryside once or more a decade, smallpox was a major cause of death and disability in eighteenth-century France. This paper seeks to add to an understanding of the French experience of inoculation by examining the career of Simeon Worlock, who won celebrity through his success in curing and inoculating smallpox in Paris, Brittany and Saint-Domingue in the 1770s. All the studies of inoculation in the French-speaking world make mention of him, generally identifying him as Sutton's father-in-law and one of the first English inoculators in France. There is some confusion and misapprehension, however, about the man, his background and connections, and the skills that brought him celebrity. A new focus on his career provides insights on smallpox therapy, the practicalities of inoculation, the role of the government and police, the operations of the medical market-place, the relationship of professional medicine and broader cultures of healing, and the role of the print media and the public sphere. It also presents some little used source material that offers new perspectives and engaging detail on the social and emotional lives of people living in the shadow of smallpox.


PurposeThis research investigates the effect of mergers and acquisition (M&A) transactions in the pharmaceutical sector. The study assesses the short-term value creation or destruction for shareholders of pharmaceutical companies involved in M&A activities on the acquiring side.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis is carried out by applying the event study methodology in order to define the cumulative abnormal return for each transaction observed. Then, the correlations between abnormal returns and economic metrics are determined building a multiple regression model. These metrics refers to the acquirer, target or to the deal itself.FindingsEvidence show a short-term value creation for shareholders of pharmaceutical companies involved in M&A transactions on the acquiring side. On the one hand, the analysis suggests a negative correlation between the value creation and the acquiring firm's level of indebtedness. On the other hand, the value creation is positively correlated with target's metrics such as Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA) and Research and Development (R&D) intensity. Value creation is also tied to deal-specific characteristics regarding the cash used in the transaction and the comparative extent of the deal.Practical implicationsThis analysis allows to predict returns around an announcement day considering the described indicators of value creation or destruction. M&As play a key role in the strategy implementation as reaction to exogenous shocks and endogenous needs.Originality/valueThis study enriches the literature of corporate finance applied to the pharmaceutical sector. Indeed, this industry is gaining increasing relevance in the M&A panorama. Thus, the related dynamics need to be assessed considering the uniqueness of the pharmaceutical sector in terms of regulation, stakeholders and social impact.


Got coordinates in your data? Feeling lost in space? Spatial data arise in a wealth of scientific fields; their stochastic structure poses unique analytical challenges that are different from most modeling and prediction methodologies. SAS/STAT® 9.22 introduces exciting updates to the SAS suite of spatial procedures to augment, simplify, and streamline spatial analysis in one and two dimensions. All spatial procedures offer a wider variety of correlation models than before. Automated semivariogram modeling in the VARIOGRAM procedure reduces the time and effort required to select a suitable correlation structure. Item stores enable you to pass the semivariance information seamlessly to the KRIGE2D procedure for prediction or to the SIM2D procedure for simulation. Option-rich ODS Graphics plots give you the full picture for diagnosing your spatial data and visualizing your prediction and simulation results. The presentation demonstrates these new features and discusses key elements and underlying complexities of stochastic spatial analysis. With this knowledge, you can take full advantage of the latest features for your studies with spatial attributes.


Recent research (Renner, Peinke and Friedrich 2001 J. Fluid Mech. 433 383) has shown that the statistics of velocity increments in a turbulent jet exhibit Markovian properties for scales of size greater than the Taylor microscale, λ. In addition, it was shown that the probability density functions (PDFs) of the velocity increments, v (r), were governed by a Fokker–Planck equation. Such properties for passive scalar increments have never been tested. The present work studies the (velocity and) temperature field in grid-generated wind tunnel turbulence for Taylor-microscale-based Reynolds numbers in the range 140⩽Rλ⩽582. Increments of longitudinal velocity were found to (i) exhibit Markovian properties for separations r⪆λ and (ii) be describable by a Fokker–Planck equation because terms in the Kramers–Moyal expansion of order >2 were small. Although the passive scalar increments, δ(r), also exhibited Markovian properties for a similar range of scales as the velocity field, the higher-order terms in the Kramers–Moyal expansion were found to be non-negligible at all Reynolds numbers, thus precluding the PDFs of δ(r) from being described by a Fokker–Planck equation. Such a result indicates that the scalar field is less Markovian than the velocity field—an attribute presumably related to the higher level of internal intermittency associated with passive scalars.


Many industries such as pharmaceuticals, food processing, petrochemicals handle combustible powders. It is estimated that at least 70% of the dusts handled in industry are combustible, but the potential for the ignition of dusts by electrical apparatus is being largely ignored in India.


As an effort to develop the teaching profession, Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) emphasizes the importance of collaborative and continuous learning assessment based on the principles of collegiality and mutual learning to build a learning community. Based on discussions with the head of Darussholihin Islamic Boarding School (Ponpes) NW Kalijaga, East Lombok, principals of MTs-SMP, MA-SMA, and Vocational Schools fostered by Ponpes Darussholihin NW Kalijaga, it was revealed that: mathematics is one of the subjects that most students are less interested in. MTs-SMP, MA-SMA, SMK fostered by Ponpes Darussholihin NW Kalijaga, as well as most mathematics teachers still have difficulty planning and implementing learning strategies that can guide students in finding mathematical concepts, principles, and problem solving. To solve these problems, assistance is needed, through LSLC activities for school mathematics teachers at Ponpes Darussholihin NW Kalijaga, in order to resolve problems related to the implementation of mathematics learning. This service activity is carried out by utilizing several methods, namely: lectures, questions and answers, discussions, and providing assistance when mathematics teachers carry out the LSLC steps, including Plan, Do, See, and Re-design activities. Through mentoring activities carried out from September 18 to October 2, 2021, it was concluded that mentoring activities could: i) improve the understanding and skills of Mathematics teachers in schools at Ponpes Darussholihin NW Kalijaga in designing (plan), implementing (do), reflecting (see), and re-design of learning as regulated in the 2013 curriculum; ii) increasing collegiality among mathematics teachers at the Darussholihin Islamic Boarding School's fostered schools, NW Kalijaga.


ON 231 was observed with BeppoSAX in May and June 1998, following an exceptional optical outburst which oc- cured in April-May. We measured the X-ray spectrum from 0.1 up to 100 keV. In both occasions the spectrum had a concave shape, with a break detected at about 4 and 2.5 keV, respec- tively. We interpret the steeper component at energies below the break as due to synchrotron emission and the extremely flat component at energies above the break as due to inverse Compton emission. This is so far the best example in which both the synchrotron and the Inverse Compton component are detected simultaneously and with the same instruments in the X-ray spectrum of a blazar. We detect a decrease of the X-ray flux of about 30% below the break between the first and the second observation, and smaller variability amplitude between 4 and 10 keV. During the May observation we also detected a fast variability event with the flux below 4 keV increasing by about a factor of three in 5 hours. Above 4 keV no variabil- ity was detected. We discuss these results in the framework of synchrotron self-Compton models.


One case of discoid lupus erythematosus with secondary lips squamous cell carcinoma was reported here.The patient was female,62 years old.The face and the right hand back suffered from discoid erythema for 30 years;the upper lip has cauliflower-like proliferation for one year,enlarging rapidly in three months.Biopsy from discoid erythema lesions showed hyperkeratosis,spinous layer atrophy,flattening epidermal apophysis, basal cell in liquefaction and degeneration and dermal layer with lymphocyte in focal infiltration.Biopsy from cauliflower-like proliferation lesions showed that a wide distribution of tumor cell nests formed in epidermis, within which the epidermal cells appeared mild atypical change,and there was pathological karykinesis and formation of substantial keratinizing beads.Inflammatory cells infiltrated in tumor mass.The patients was diagnosed as discoid lupus erythematosus with secondary lips squamous cell carcinoma.


Abstract The possibility, for various forms of corrosion, of dimensionally scaling tests with respect. to space and time is analysed. Existing standard test nlethods are examined for correlation of corrosion rate with specimen size and time. Existing literature is reviewed and evaluated from a theoretical basis and conclusions with regard to scaling procedures are collated in a final summary.


We explore the characteristics of a source of anti-bunched microwave photons. This source has been developed by Max Hofheinz's and its stationary properties have been characterized. In order to fully characterize this source when operated with pulse excitation, we modify the experimental setup and develop new numerical tools to extract the time resoled first and second order photon correlation function. We demonstrate that the emission is well synchronized with the pulse. Moreover we show the influence of several parameters and restrain their parameter space where a single photon emission can occur. Finally we demonstrate the existence of anti-bunched microwave photon emission from our sample and propose a way to optimize these parameters.


Comparative analysis shows that the degree of fragmentation in the engineering education system in contemporary France is far greater than in countries with comparable social and economic structures. This article is a first attempt to analyse this peculiarly French characteristic. It takes the reader back to the 1870s when the French engineering education system embarked upon this process of fragmentation. Indeed, from the Second Industrial Revolution (1870–1914) up to the present, the needs of the French economy in terms of specialized engineers were systematically met, not by overhauling existing institutions, but by creating new (smaller) ones which took their place in an increasingly fragmented and overtly hierarchical system. Why did the French engineering training system evolve in this way? I attempt to answer this question in two different stages. First, I provide an historic account of the main developments in French engineering education between 1870 and the present time. In the second more theoretical part of the article, I use insights provided by 'path dependency theory' to propose a global (albeit partial) explanation for the fragmentation of the French engineering educational system.


The plumages, morphological characteristics and occurrence of the populations of Cisticola juncidis in Australia are reviewed. Three subspecies are recognized and redescribed; one, laveryi, is described as new, differing from norrnani in its heavier dorsal streaking in eclipse plumage and from other subspecies in the presence of well-marked cinnamon mirrors in the tails of females in nuptial plumage. Morphological differences between C. juncidis and C. exilis in Australia are summarized; shape of wing is critical in separating the two species in eclipse plumage.


Risk-adjusted momentum returns are usually estimated by sorting stocks into a regularly rebalanced long-short portfolio based on their prior return and then running a full-sample regression of the portfolio returns on a set of factors (portfolio-level risk adjustment). This approach implicitly assumes constant factor exposure of the momentum portfolio. However, momentum portfolios are characterized by high turnover and time-varying factor exposure. We propose to estimate the risk exposure at the stock-level. The risk-adjusted return of the momentum portfolio in month t then is the actual return minus the weighted average of the expected returns of the component stocks (stock-level risk adjustment). Based on evidence from the universe of CRSP stocks, from sub-periods and size-based sub-samples, from volatility-scaled momentum strategies (Barroso and Santa-Clara 2015) and from an international sample covering 20 developed countries, we conclude that the momentum effect may be much weaker than previously thought.


Banks lack an effective filtering method of inventory financing.On this basis,this article introduces the decisiontheoretic rough set to inventory financing filtering.In the case of the optimal investment of delay decisions,the paper establishes a decision-making model based on the contrast between the thresholds under the minimum expected losses and the prior probability.In the model,the loss functions are determined by the income and expenditure of the investment decisions.Thus the decision threshold is confirmed,and then the priori probability is obtained by establishing information table from historical data.The bank's optimal decision is get through the contrast between the threshold and the priori probability.Numerical example shows that the model is of certain significance to bank's investment decisions.


The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxidase activity (PA) were measured in mouse uterus during the perimaturation period (4-8 weeks of age) and the estrous cycle. The onset of maturation was accompanied by a spurt in PA but not in H2O2. Neither H2O2 nor PA varied significantly during the estrous cycle. These results differ from those reported in the rat where positive correlations for both with the estrogen state of the uterus were observed.


The patient was a 60-year-old woman dentist who earlier had been healthy and had not had any skin problems. She had worked as a dentist for 32 years, when she started to get fingertip dermatitis and hardening and cracking of the fingertips, typical of acrylics allergy (Fig. 1). At the time when her skin problems started, she had used the following dental acrylics: "All-Bond 2," "Bisfil-2B," "Fortify" (all from Bisco Dental Products, Itasca, Illinois), "Scotchbond," "Z 100," "Vitremer," "Express" (all from 3M, St. Paul, MN), "Paladur" (from Kulzer, Germany), and "Fuji" (from GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Four months later, she was sent to us for investigations. Patch testing was performed on the back with 2-days' occlusion as previously described.'̂ '̂ The patch test substances were from Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Malmo, Sweden), Trolab, Hermal Kurt Herrman (Relnbeck/Hamburg, Germany), and Epikon (Helsinki, Finland). Four of the patient's "own" dental products, used at work, were tested at 1%. Readings were done on days 2, 3, and 4 (Table 1).


Photocatalytically active cobalt-doped ZnO (Co: ZnO) hexagonal nanoparticles have been prepared by hydrothermal process. X-ray diffraction, SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed that the dopant ions substitute for some of the lattice zinc ions, and furthermore, that Co2+ ion exists. The as-prepared Co: ZnO samples have an extended light absorption range compared with pure ZnO and showed highly efficient photocatalytic activity, only requiring 120 min to decompose ~90% of MB dye under sun light irradiation. The results indicated that a strong electronic interaction between the Co and ZnO was present, and that the incorporation of Co promoted the charge separation and enhanced the charge transfer ability and, at the same time, effectively inhibited the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers in ZnO, resulting in high visible light photocatalytic activity.


Based on nonlocal piezoelasticity theory, dynamic stability of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes (DWBNNTs) conveying viscose fluid is studied by incorporating Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory, and cylindrical shell theory. The surface stress effects are considered based on Gurtin–Murdoch continuum theory. The DWBNNT is embedded in visco-Pasternak medium and the nonlinear van der Waals forces between the inner and outer surface of the DWBNNT is taken into account. Using von Kármán geometric nonlinearity, the governing equations are derived based on Hamilton's principle. In order to obtain the dynamic instability region of DWBNNT, incremental harmonic balance method is applied. The detailed parametric study is conducted, focusing on the combined effects of the nonlocality, surface stress, fluid velocity, and surrounding medium on the dynamic instability region of DWBNNT. Furthermore, dynamic instability region of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory, and cylindrical shell theory are compared to each other. Numerical results indicate that neglecting the surface stress effects, the difference between dynamic instability region of three theories becomes remarkable.


Analytical modelling computational methods damage mechanisms and failure prediction fracture characterization and notch effect delamination buckling and compressive loading toughened composites, impact and applications.


Abstract Let K be a compact metrizable group and Γ be a finitely generated group of commuting automorphisms of K. We show that ergodicity of Γ implies Γ contains ergodic automorphisms if center of the action, Z(Γ)={α∈Aut(K)∣α commutes with elements of Γ} has descending chain condition. To explain that the condition on the center of the action is not restrictive, we discuss certain abelian groups which, in particular, provide new proofs to the theorems of Berend [Ergodic semigroups of epimorphisms. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.289(1) (1985), 393–407] and Schmidt [Automorphisms of compact abelian groups and affine varieties. Proc. London Math. Soc. (3) 61 (1990), 480–496].


In this paper,we consider discrete-time delay risk model under constant interest.The integral equation with ultimate ruin probability was obtained.Furthermore,The expressions of the distribution of the surplus were derived immediately before ruin occur and the distribution of the last time of ruin,which describle the severity of ruin.


To pursue men's suit comfort and to obtain the basic data for the design of comfort men's suit, based on human body engineering,the subjective evaluation of suit wearing measurements was carried out. Both normal standing and motion postures were measured and the comfort levels of the subjective evaluation from the feelings of clothing pressure were compared.It is aimed to carry out the correlation between the men's suit clothing pressure and subjective evaluation from these results.


The invention provides a synthetic method for isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside, namely, the synthetic method for IPTG. The synthetic method comprises the following steps of reacting 5-acetylgalactosamine as a raw material with thiourea so as to obtain acetyl S-galactose isothiourea fluoro salt, then reacting with pyrosufite so as to obtain acetyl S-galactose, reacting with isopropyl bromide, and finally carrying out deacetylate so as to obtain the target compound isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. In the whole reaction process, 5-acetylgalactosamine and isopropyl bromide are taken as the main raw materials, and isopropyl mercaptan which smells bad and has toxicity is not needed, so that harm to human body health and environment is avoided effectively; and furthermore, the synthetic method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation, high yield, high purity and the like, and is applicable to industrial production.


As a result of research, this study reached the following conclusion as to the Kinyeo costume as a living costume. 1. The Kinyeo costume was erotic and extravagant on Kinyeo's occupational characteristics. Kinyeos dressed themselves
with different types of costume from those of general women, that is, dressed up short and narrow Jogoris, derwears in duplicates, making them look affluent Chima
2. Kinyeos generally wore hair in the style of Uneun-Mori with Gache inserted, and wore headdresses like Changeui, Seugae-Ghima, Karima, Cheoneui, Chunmo, Ayam and so on in addition to it.
3. In the decorative regard, Kinyeos wore gold, silver and jewel accessories as a token of the characteristic of extravagant slave in the social status, and used a dark make-up of Bundae(that of powder and eyebrows).
The Kinyeos' luxury of costume like this, sufficed to be an subject of envy to all dasses of women induding noble women. Thus, then women produced the silhouette of up narrow and down wide style with a simple Jogori and a affluent Chima, some of noble dass women would imitate the Kinyeos' style of costume.
The women's dressing behavior to imitate the Kinyeos' style has been fixed as our costume culture. Thus, Kinyeos' simple and artless Jogoris and affluent Chima have been handed down to the present though they are not so extreme as those of the late Chosun.


In this paper, we examine many real world examples of information granules, and construct a granular deductive reasoning system for these domains. Objects are ordered pairs; the first element is an assertion (to call logical formula) and the second is a semantic set corresponding to the assertion. So the granular language and its model involve both logic and set theory. So-called logic means that the reasoning obeys the syntax in logical language; So called set theory means that the operations corresponding to semantic sets of logical formulas obey the methods in set theory. The evaluation of truth values and the computation rule of granular formulas are established.


Sarcomas represent 10%–15% of cancers in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients, and survival for those with metastatic disease or relapse is poor. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibition has improved outcomes in multiple tumor types, but data in advanced sarcomas, particularly within the AYA population, are limited.


Jar test and numerical simulation were conducted to study the hydraulic condition's influence on the flocculation by changing the impeller's geometry,which the impellers located in the vessel.The turbidity range of water sample is 45~450 NTU.The flocculants is poly-aluminums chloride(PAC).The CFD(computational fluid dynamics) software-FLUENT was used to simulate under different hydraulic conditions.The turbulence kinetic energy k and the effective energy dissipation e were introduced as criterions to evaluate flocculation effects and interpret the complex phenomenon in the course of flocculation.The influence of hydraulic conditions on flocculation can be interpreted by the turbulence kinetic energy k and the effective energy dissipation e.


Purpose:Thisstudywasconductedtofindperceivedhealthstatus,ADL,depression,andlifesatisfactionamongthe rural elderly and to explore differences according to gender and the stage of exercise change. Methods:This is an exploratory survey study. The subjects were 365 elders consisting of 140 men (38.4%) and 225 women (61.6%) in arural areainKorea. Datawerecollected fromDecember, 2006 toJanuary, 2007using astructuredquestionnaire. ThedatawereanalyzedbyPearson'scorrelation,t-test,ANOVA,andScheffe'stestusingtheSPSS/WIN10.0.Results: Themeanscoresof perceivedhealthstatusandADLwereloweranddepressionwashigher inwomenthaninmen. Therewere statistically significant differences inperceivedhealth statusaccordingto the stageof exercisechange. Alsothere weresignificant differencesin the scores of ADL, depression, andlifesatisfaction accordingtothestage ofexercisechange.Conclusion:Thetailoredexerciseseemstodecreasedepressionwhilepromotingphysicalhealth statusandlifesatisfactionamongtheruralelderly.Wesuggestconsideringtheclient'sintentionandmotivationwhen developing exercise programs.


The invention relates to a butene hydroformylation catalyst composition, in particular to a catalyst which takes rhodium-triaryl phosphorus complex and at least a diphosphite ester additive as the butene hydroformylation to synthesize valeraldehyde. By adopting the additive such as the diphosphite ester in the catalyst composition, the activity of the Rh(I)/ triaryl phosphorus catalyst and the ratio of valeric aldehyde to isovaleric aldehyde in the product are improved to lead the mole ratio of valeric aldehyde to isovaleric aldehyde to be more than 50, the service life of the diphosphite ester ligand is obviously prolonged, the dosage of the triaryl phosphorus is decreased, and the industrial production cost of the butene hydroformylation is lowered.


An analysis of 7.5 years of data in the high-energy starting event sample has been recently published by the IceCube collaboration. The hottest spot in a search for neutrino sources was found far above the Galactic plane and is thus, at first sight, difficult to reconcile with a Galactic origin. In this work, we calculate the cosmic ray (CR) density around nearby, young supernova remnants assuming anisotropic diffusion. Combining the obtained CR densities with the matter distribution deduced from extinction maps, we find two prominent hot spots: One of them is close to the most significant point in the IceCube search for point sources, with an intensity corresponding to two neutrino events.


The process of femoral impaction grafting requires vigorous impaction to obtain adequate stability but the force of impaction has not been determined. This process has been reported to result in femoral fractures with rates reaching 16%. The aims of this study were to determine the threshold force required for femoral impaction grafting, to determine the affect cortical thickness, canal diameter and bone mineral density (BMD) have on this threshold force and to measure subsidence of an Exeter prosthesis following impaction at the threshold force. Adult sow femurs were prepared and placed through a DEXA scanner and the BMD and canal diameter measured. Thirty five femurs were impacted with morsellised bone chips and an increasing force of 0.5kN was applied until the femur fractured. Using callipers the cortical thickness of the bone was measured along the fracture line. Once the threshold force was determined 5 femurs were impacted to this threshold force and an Exeter stem was cemented into the neomedullary canal and a 28mm Exeter head attached. Axial cyclic loading was performed between 440N (swing phase of gait) and 1320N (stance phase of gait) for 150,000 cycles at a frequency of 3Hz. The position sensor of the hydraulic testing machine measured the subsidence. 29 tests were successfully completed. The threshold force was found to be 4kN. There was no significant correlation between the load at fracture and the cortex: canal ratio or the bone mineral density. Following impaction with the maximum force of 4kN the average subsidence for the 5 femurs was 0.276mm (range 0.235 – 0.325mm). In this animal study the threshold force was 4kN. Minimal axial subsidence of the implant occurred when impacting the graft with this threshold force. We therefore achieved a stable construct without fracture which is the ultimate goal for the revision hip surgeon.


A linear robust method to design power system stabilizers for multimachine power systems is presented. The method is of quantitative feedback theory type. The robustness of the system is tested both for short circuit disturbances and for abrupt and permanent changes in the load parameter of the multimachine power network. The results are compared in simulation with a standard design from the literature.


In this study, I have examined the representations of domestic workers in a number of Arabic mid-century and contemporary novels, using feminism and intersectionality as my overarching framework. I employed several scholarships of feminism such as Marxist and postcolonial feminism to examine the discourse on working-class women. The initial assumption of this study is that there is a noticeable invisibility of domestic workers in Arabic novels. If these characters manage to find their way into a text, they are typically ahistorical figures whose subjectivity is not centered. Among the Arabic novels I have examined, I found that the tradition of underrepresenting domestic workers appears in iconic texts of the mid-century. In Naguib Mahfouz' Trilogy, domestic workers function as either signs of class, subaltern figures, or loyal servants. In The Open Door of Latifa al-Zayyat and Sha'rawi's Muthakkirat of Huda Sha'rawi, working-class characters are used as the others who emphasize the superiority of upper and middle-class communities. In contemporary novels, however, this tradition no longer seems to be the norm; domestic workers are given more space in the narrative. The new generation of Arab writers tackles more issues related to marginalized groups, such as slavery, anti-Black racism, and sexuality. Most of these texts speak to the notion of intersectionality that calls for the examination of representations of women from multiple dimensions of oppression. Al-Bahriyyat by Omima Alkhamis and Wojhat al-Bawsala by Noura al-Ghamdi, for instance, tackle the matter of slavery as a multi-faceted form of oppression that involves gender, class, and color rather than one-dimensional oppression be it patriarchy or color alone. I also find that contemporary novels such as Najwa Bin Shatwan's Zarayib al-'Abeed and Samar Yazbek's Ra'ihat al-Qirfa provide distinctive narrative regarding interracial and cross-class relationships. Such relationships are perceived in these texts as a means of class mobility and empowerment for working-class female characters. Nevertheless, dominant stereotypes of domestic workers are still popular as shown in some texts such as Ali Badr's Papa Sartre and Fatiha Murshid's Almulhimaat.


Tom Ford Three-piece Wool Suit, The Suave Aesthetic Of This Two-button Three-piece Wool Suit From Tom Ford Is Unmissable. The True Master Tailoring And Sleek


Managing large software projects is intrinsically difficult. Although, high software quailty is a definite must, other issues like time and cost play major roles in large software development. For example, if a software company can produce the highest quality products but cannot predict how long and how much it is going to cost, then that company will not have any business. Software metrics are one answer to those problems. Software metrics are the measurement of periodic progress towards a goal [3]. Metrics are used to indicate various problems in a development process. Currently, there are a large number of documented metrics. However, there does not exist one perfect formula to to satisfy every development's quality and productivity. The key to a good software metrics program is to be able to identify the specific goals of the development and be able to assist in reaching these goals. I will addres this concept through the development of specific measurements and analyses that will improve the quality of a specific system, the Mission Data System (MDS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. I will attempt to identify certain software metrics that can help JPL reach their development goals. To accomplish this I have created the Hackystat Jet Propulstion Laboratory Build System (hackyJPLBuild). This system measures and analyzes the build system of MDS. The research question of this thesis is, is it possible to collect data from a build process of a large scale software project, in order to understand, predict, and prevent problems in the quality and productivity of the actual system. To evaluate this research question I will conduct three case studies: (1) can the hackyJPLBuild system accurately represent the build process of MDS, (2) can threshold values indicate problematic issues in MDS, and (3) can hackyJPLBuild predict future problematic issues in MDS. Initial results of case study 1 indicate that hackyJPLBuild can accurately represent the build process of MDS. In fact, hackyJPLBuild has already identified some pontetial flaws in the MDS build process. Case studies 2 and 3 have not been conducted yet.


The effect of a black hole state evolution on the Hawking radiation is studied using the final state boundary condition. It is found that theormodynamic or statistical mechanical properties of a black hole depend strongly on the unitary evolution operator $S$ which determines the black hole state evolution. When the operator $S~$ is random unitary or psudeo random unitary, a black hole emits thermal radiation as predicted by Hawking three decades ago. On the other hand, it is found that the emission of Hawking radiation could be suppressed when the evolution of a black hole state is given by the generaor of the coherent state.


In this paper I am describing the outline of a graduate course on "Real-Time Medical Graphics" in a computer science curriculum. As interest for computer graphics using medical data has been increasing, we will see an increasing amount of similar courses. Therefore this paper takes a look at how such a course can be integrated with the current recommendations of computer graphics educators.


Five new polyoxometalate-based metal organic frameworks, [Cu4(ppz)4(PO4)]·[CuBr2] (1), [Cu4(ppz)4(MoO4)2(H2O)]·2H2O (2), [Cu(Hppz)(Mo2O7)] (3), [Cu2(ppz)2(Mo3O10)] (4), and [Cu6(ppz)6(PMo3VMo9VIO40)] (5) (Hppz = 2-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyrazine), have been hydrothermally synthesized and fully characterized, in which a planar Cu2(ppz)2 dimer acts as a secondary building unit (SBU) and provides up to six potential binding sites. In virtue of the strong Jahn–Teller (JT) effect of Cu(II) ions, the potential binding sites in the Cu2(ppz)2 SBU can facilely be occupied by auxiliary oxygen-donor anions and/or outward pyrazine nitrogen atoms of neighboring SBUs. The auxiliary oxygen-donor anions in compounds 1–5 range from simple phosphate and molybdate, zonal Mo2O72– and Mo3O102– to a spherical three-electron reduced Keggin anion [PMo12O40]6–, respectively. Compound 1 contains an unprecedented 3D (4,6)-connected cationic open framework [Cu4(ppz)4(PO4)]+ with 1D channels filled by linear CuBr2– anions, where the Cu2(pp...


This paper proposes a test of the collective model of the household behavior. Theapplied model admits both interior and corner solutions on working hours (Donni (2003)).Each household member has his or her individual preferences; the household choices arePareto optimal and defined by the sharing rule describing the intra-household decisionmaking.This is the first paper in analysing the sharing rule stability in the framework of thecollective model. The test is carried out using Russian data from the RLMS (RussiaLongitudinal Monitoring Survey). The episode of the financial crisis of 1998 is exploited toinvestigate the stability of the sharing rule. The empirical model is based on the recent paperof Blomem (2004) which is generalized to allow the sharing rule to vary across years.The results show that the sharing rule parameters changed drastically between theperiods before and after the crisis. Thus, a modification in the household behaviour iscaptured, which could not be done using a traditional unitary model. The hypothesis of thestability of the sharing rule parameters can not be accepted in the context of changing socialor economic environment.


Malaria is one of the most deadly infectious diseases in the world. The malaria burden is characterized by 207 million cases and over 627,000 deaths annually. The consistent morbidity and mortality underscore an urgent need for the development of next-generation antimalarials. In this paper, we propose a network mining approach to uncover the protein-protein associations that are implicated in important cellular processes including DNA repair, genome integrity, transcriptional regulation, and pathogenesis.


The so-called weighted occupation time process Y associated with some critical measur-evalued branching process is considered. Y has absolutely continuous states provided that the dimension of the phase space is small enough. The corresponding density functions form a random process η. In some cases there exists a critical dimension such that η. considered in the space-time diagram, is a self-similar random non-negative field. This self-similar field is infinitely divisible but not stable.


Circulating movement is the vitality of venture capital and financial risk of venture capital can't be compensated without convenient exit ways.In order to promote the venture capital industry in China,it is significant to study the obstructions and factors that restrict the exit of venture capital.This paper introduced the main exit ways of venture capital,revealed the factors that restrain the exit of venture capital in China and offer several suggestions concerning this issue.


Abstract : A large-tilt-angle lifting-surface theory is developed for tilt-wing and tilt-propeller/rotor V/STOL aircraft. The method is based upon an inclined actuator disc analysis in which closed-form solutions are obtained for the velocity potential at large distances behind the actuator surface. Both the normal velocity and the nonlinear pressure boundary conditions are satisfied exactly across the slipstream interface. The inclined actuator disc analysis is combined with a discrete-vortex Weissinger-type lifting surface theory. Wing- propeller combinations at arbitrary wing angle of attack, propeller tilt angle, and thrust coefficient are considered. Multiple slip-stream effects including slipstream rotation are introduced. Agreement between theory and experiment is shown to be satisfactory for small slipstream inclination angles. However, at large angles the theory (with an undeformed, but displaced, slipstream and wake) predicts significantly lower downwash angles in the tail region than shown by the test data, possibly due to slipstream deformation and wake roll-up. Use of only one-half the calculated wake displacement gave improved agreement at these conditions. However, insufficient data are available for making a general evaluation of the theory at large angles. Extensive digital computer results are given in chart form, showing span loading, downwash angle, stability parameter, and dynamic pressure at arbitrary points behind the wing for V/STOL configurations with two and four slipstreams.


Multiple regression method is used in this article to research the relationship between indicators of economic transformation and three industries' output value, in order to analyze the relationship between economic transformation and three industries and extent that the economic transformation affects the industrial development. In this article the data of Beijing from 1996 to 2006 is used for analyzing, and the result display that marketization degree is the main reason that affects the primary industry and the secondary industry, and the tertiary industry is great influenced by marketization degree, the degree of openness and Government Intervention.


Plant reproductive phenology is generally viewed as an individual's strategy to maximize gamete exchange and propagule dispersal and is often considered largely dependent on patterns of floral initiation. Reproductive phenology, however, can be affected by proximate responses to pollinators, parasites and herbivores which could influence floral longevity or fruit development time. We examined the influence of insect interactants on within‐plant reproductive phenology in the fig–fig wasp nursery pollination mutualism in Ficus racemosa (Moraceae). Most figs support a wasp community comprised of a mutualistic pollinator, with several host‐plant‐specific non‐pollinating herbivorous gallers and parasitoids. These wasps reproduce within enclosed inflorescences called syconia, which develop into fruit after pollination. While different wasp species oviposit into syconia at varying times during its ontogeny, all wasp progeny are constrained to exit syconia simultaneously just prior to fruit ripening. Developing larvae of early‐ovipositing wasps may hasten syconium ontogeny through formation of earlier and larger nutrient sinks, whereas larvae of late‐arriving parasites may lengthen syconium ontogeny to complete their development successfully. Seeds are also important nutrient sinks. The number of seeds and the type and number of developing wasps may therefore be expected to influence syconium development times, thereby affecting the reproductive synchrony of syconia on a plant. Observations on naturally pollinated and parasitized syconia indicated that their seed and wasp content affected syconium development time. Experimental manipulations of syconia to produce only seeds or various combinations of wasps confirmed this finding. Early‐ovipositing galler progeny reduced syconium development times, while gallers ovipositing concurrently with pollinators had no effect on syconium development. Late‐ovipositing parasitoid progeny, the presence of only seeds within the syconium, or delayed pollination increased syconium development time. The differential development of syconia, which was influenced by mutualistic or parasitic progeny, accordingly contributed to within‐tree reproductive asynchrony. Synthesis. Individual reproductive units in fig trees called syconia, which also function as brood sites for pollinating and parasitic fig wasps, have plastic development durations dependent on pollination timing and species of wasps developing within them. Syconium development times are a likely compromise between conflicting demands from developing seeds and different wasp species.


Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophyte which is transmitted directly and indirectly. In immunodepressed subjects it is characterized by a particular localization and invasive course. This article reports a case of dermatophytis of the lower limb combined with onychomycosis in an eleven-year-old child suffering from AIDS. The diagnosis of dermatophytis with Trichophyton rubrum was made following clinical biological radiographic and mycological exams conducted after tuberculosis was diagnosed and treated without observable improvement. The diagnosis of Trichophyton rubrum being confirmed the patient was put on antifungal treatment. The authors suggest that Trichophyton rubrum represents 70% of the strains of dermatophytes isolated. In immunodepressed subjects it can lead to lesions which may involve all parts of the body while in immunodepressed terrain it is quickly extensive and invasive. According to these authors dermatophytoses rank among the five cutaneous infections encountered most often during HIV infection; they represent certain particularities characterizing an absence of typical clinical symptoms or onychomycosis of proximal localization and rapid and profound expansion. In conclusion the authors confirm that the location in the ungual process and the high frequency in HIV-positive subjects as well as the course in these patients make Trichophyton rubrum an opportunistic fungus.


The NASA Exoplanet program and the Cosmic Origins program are exploring technical options to combine the visible to NIR performance requirements of a space coronagraph with the general astrophysics requirements of a space telescope covering the deep UV spectrum. Are there compatible options in terms of mirror coatings and telescope architecture to satisfy both goals? In this paper, we address some of the main concerns, particularly relating to polarization in the visible and throughput in the UV. Telescope architectures employing different coating options compatible with current technology are considered in this trade study.


This study aims to establish a ELISA method to quantify the total protein( TP) in milk and to evaluate its application in identification of the adulterated milk. Here,αs-casein( αs-CN) standard sample was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbits for preparing anti-αs-CN polyclonal antibody( Pc Ab). The result showed that the titer of Pc Ab was 1∶640,and the linear range of the detection of αs-CN was 25 ~ 600 ng / ml with correlation coefficient of 0. 999 5 and the recovery rate between 96. 6% and 105. 2%. The contents ofαs-CN and TP in milk from 8 different resources ranged from 0. 008 4 to 0. 009 2 g / ml and from 0. 029 2 to 0. 029 8g / ml detected by milk analyzer and kjeldah method. The percentage of αs-CN to TP stayed constant at 0. 3,which led to the successful development of αs-CN-based ELISA for detection of TP in milk. The ELISA method showed better sensitivity and specificity than the other two approaches in four milk samples which were diluted with water and artificially added with urea,BSA and melamine,respectively. The content of αs-CN was independent of nitrogen additives. In conclusion,the established ELISA method was suitable for analyzing the TP content in the milk and milk products.


Objective:To investigate the expression of B lymphocyte stimulator(BlyS)in the renal tissues of patients with primary Sjgren syndrome(pSS).Methodology:All patients,who diagnosed as pSS and admitted to our hospital,were retrospectively analyzed.Renal biopsy was performed on 34 patients.The expression of BlyS in the renal tissues was detected by indirect immunofluorescence.The renal tissues from 5 healthy people were selected as normal controls.One way ANOVA analysis was used for the statistics.Results:Immunofluorescence revealed that BlyS was expressed in the inflammation cells distributed in both renal interstitium and glomerulum,but there was hardly no BlyS expression in normal controls.The expression density of BlyS in patients with hypergammaglobulin was significantly higher than that in patients with normal serum IgG(P0.05).Conclusion:BlyS was expressed in the inflammation cells distributed in both renal interstitium and glomerulum The expression of BlyS in the renal tissues of pSS patients was significantly higher than that of normal controls.The level of serum IgG affected the expression level of BlyS in renal biopsied sections.


Objective To evaluate the Loneliness of rural left-behind children in Guizhou Province,and analyze the influencing factors of Loneliness to provide evidence for improving the mental health of rural left-behind children. Methods Children's Loneliness Scale(CLS) and Adolesecent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC) was used to investigate the 1416 selected children in a mountainous area in Guizhou Province.Result Children Left Behind ,compared with non-left-behind children have higher level of loneliness. The main influencing factors included gender,whether the one-child ,family economic status and father's educational level.Conclusions In order to balance the environmental changes on the psychological impact of left-behind children,left-behind children's parents should enhance the concern of the psychological health of their children to make up for the losses arised from their role of absence.


Composite materials would be damaged unavoidably in process during which it Is used or produced. Composite materials are used broadly in the aeronautics and astronautics, so it is important to test those damage. A new damage localization method is proposed to locate damage using lamb wave. This method uses HHT algorithm to extracts damage character and identify the location based on energy attenuation of the tested signal. Finally, the proposed method to damage identification is verified with experiment. The result of research shows that the method of locating the damage position could be very effective when it is used in testing composite materials.


Observation was made on the expression of HO-1 and CO system in different periods of hepatic cirrhosis in rats.Models of rats with hepatic cirrhosis of different stages induced by CCl_4 were established,then the rats were divided into 4 groups:1 in early stage,12 cases;2 in mid-stage,11 cases;3 in later stage,11 cases;4 under control group,10 cases.Respectively blood from portal vein was taken to test the density of CO in it,liver tissue was taken to observe the expression of HO-1.CO density increases in the mid-stage,expression of HO-1 in liver tissue is up-regulated in the rats with hepatic cirrhosis.HO-CO system plays an important role in portal hypertension.


Objective To study the application of laparoscopic technique in abdominal type cryptorchidism pediatric. Methods The clinical data of laparoscopic surgery in 120 cases who with abdominal type cryptorchidism were retro-spective analyzed from January 2004 to December 2011. Results 5 cases were diagnosed with testicular dysplasia, removal of residual testis; 5 cases diagnosed with testicular deficiency but unable to undergo surgery treatment; 81 cases underwent laparoscopic Ⅰ fixation testicular descent; 29 cases installment Fowier-Stephens routine surgery. It followed-up of 1 to 2 years postoperative, there was no retraction, testicular atrophy, necrosis and other complications occurred. Conclusion The application of laparoscopic treatment of abdominal type cryptorchidism pediatric, with accurate positioning and small surgical injury, spermine free fully, high surgical success rate, less postoperative complications etc, it can be used as a treatment of choice for pediatric celiac cryptorchidism type.


Podded propulsion ship is a new type of electric propulsion ship, through the detailed analysis of its characteristics of the mechanism, the maneuvering mathematical model of MMG(mathematical model group) mechanism was established, and it explained the podded electric propulsion ship has a better maneuverability. The actual podded propulsion ship course control was given a detailed introduction, on this basis, course controller based on LADRC (linear active disturbance rejection control) was designed, and it got a good result.


Objective To observe the effects of delayed and rescue percutaneous coronary stent on Creactive protein levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods The 52 patients with AMI and defeat of thrombolysis were studied successively. The first 32 cases (group A) were diagnosed as failed of thrombolysis according to the dynamic change of ECG and myocardium enzyme. The another 20 cases (group B) were diagnosed as failed of thrombolysis according to the dynamic change of ECG and myocardium enzyme and according to coronary angiography at 90min after thrombolytic therapy. Then coronary stent was implanted in the "crime vessel". Serum C-reactive protein(CRP) concentrations of venous blood samples were determined before thrombolytic therapy and on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd and 7th after thrombolytic therapy or rescue percutaneous coronary stent implantation respectively. Results There were no significant differences on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd after thrombolytic therapy in group A (P0.05), compared with preceding serum CRP concentrations. Serum CRP concentrations were closed to normal level on the 7th after thrombolytic therapy and reduced obviously compared with that of preceding thrombolytic therapy (P0.01). Serum CRP concentrations were higher than that of preceding thrombolytic therapy on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd after the procedure of rescue percutaneous coronary stent implantation in group B (P0.01). There were no significant differences between two groups in the serum CRP concentrations on the 7th after thrombolytic therapy (P0.05). Conclusion Serum CRP concentrations increase obviously after rescue percutaneous coronary stent implantation. It may be related to local inflammation reaction or local injury of intima.


Sexually transmitted disease spread, emerging organisms, antimicrobial resistance, and other ID topics from 2019 make up this Patient Care final challenge.


Microwave and optical remote sensors were flown over fresh and weathered crude oil released from a surface research vessel and also over a slick formed on the sea by frozen oleyl alcohol cubes released from a helicopter. For the crude oil experiments, microwave radiometric measurements at 1.43, 2.65, 22, and 31 GHz are reported, along with the variable incidence angle scattering measurements at 13.9 GHz. For these experiments, unusual depressions in the L-band brightness temperature were observed, possibly related to dispersants applied to the crude oil. Similar depressions, but with much larger values, were observed over the oleyl alcohol monomolecular slicks. Images obtained at 31 and 22 GHz were used to infer oil volume, yielding values which bound the known amounts spilled. Ku band measurements obtained in repeated passes over crude oil slicks are also discussed.


The emergence of climate change from background variability is a useful metric for identifying changes in local climate which may affect people and ecosystems. Studies have found that equatorial regions, which are typically poorer, experience clearer climate change emergence over the observational record and in model projections. Here, we perform the first analysis of people's experienced climate change relative to background variability, and we examine where people have already lived through an emergence of local warming. We calculate signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios and combine these with demographic data to compute local emergence of warming over human lifetimes. Younger people have typically experienced less clear emergence of a climate change signal over their lifetimes to date. Over a given time period, tropical, lower-income areas have experienced higher S/N than extratropical and typically higher-income areas. However, this is counter-balanced by the younger populations of these areas such that the median experienced S/N ratio is similar between the wealthiest and poorest parts of the world. Given projected ageing of low-income regions, it is imperative that substantial climate action is taken to avoid local climates becoming unrecognizable within human lifetimes.


How can a young woman taste the commercial delights of the city without circulating as public property (a prostitute) rather than private (wife or potential wife)? Haywood addresses this question in The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless (1751). Like Fantomina (1725) and Book V of The Female Spectator (1744), it reveals her sustained narrative interest in the free speech that prostitutes, unlike gentlewomen, enjoyed with men. Betsy associates closely with several whores, and Haywood likely named her to suggest the interdependence of the heroine and the whore. Similarly named, Betty Careless (d. 1752) was a celebrated prostitute active in Haywood's Covent Garden milieu. William Hogarth, Henry Fielding, Richard Graves, and many less reputable writers ensured Careless's posthumous fame, which endured as long as and along with Haywood's own. How Careless's name circulated from Oxford to Cambridge, from the Holy Club to the Demoniacs, illuminates the hazards Betsy faces and even Haywood's critical fortunes. Prostitution was conspicuous in Haywood's society, and crucial scenes in Betsy Thoughtless, including some satire of Trueworth, turn on the double standard that rationalized it. It provides an indispensable context for the novel and for understanding Haywood's typical blend of conventionality with shrewd gender analysis.


Large-scale migration in contemporary society underscores the need to learn about the complex experience of leaving home and relocating within or beyond one's own country. Separate consideration of various types of stressors associated with geographic moves is called for, because these are likely to be associated with different (but mutually exacerbating) correlates and consequences, perhaps leading to comorbidity. Homesickness (HS) is a frequent component of relocation, known to be related to certain adjustment difficulties and health problems, as well as clinical disorders. However, an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of scientific investigations of HS is lacking. Therefore, this article systematically reviews empirical research on HS, focusing on temporary sojourns from home. Fifty-five articles that conformed to adequate design and methodological criteria were identified in the literature. These studies reveal indicative patterns of findings relating to the prevalence, consequences, predictors, and prevention/treatment strategies for HS. Gaps in knowledge about phenomena and manifestations associated with HS are also discussed. Importantly, it is demonstrated that the inclusion of stressors in the new place when assessing HS limits understanding. We suggest theory-guided directions for future research.


This article outlines the semi-automated extraction of dictionary examples used in the compilation of a professional online dictionary of wine tasting. Named OenoLex Bourgogne, this dictionary was started to respond to the demand for a lexicographic information tool from the French wine industry of Burgundy, the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne.


As perennial Christian ideals, virginity and chastity were frequent themes in medieval religious discourse. Male religious were frequently virgins and were expected to cultivate chastity; however, women not men were usually the focus of such discussions. But some monastic writers did draw on those models when considering their own spirituality, and it is worth knowing how they were understood and enlisted in those instances. To this end, I investigate five eleventh- and twelfth-century monks who wrote about monastic virginity or chastity: Anselm of Canterbury, Guibert of Nogent, Rupert of Deutz, Bernard of Clairvaux, and AElred of Rievaulx. In my analysis, I uncover each author's perception of virginity/chastity. Thus, I reveal that Anselm's Deploratio is not about lost physical virginity or even sexual sin per se; it is a spiritual meditation driven by his immense fear that sinners would be forever damned. Guibert's work exposes what a treatise on virginity could become in the hands of an adolescent struggling with sexual desire and steeped in lessons taught by his monastery. Rupert's tract on virginity and masturbation portrays male virginity as tangible and potent. In so doing, it erects a barrier defending Rupert's work as an exegete against detractors. For his part, Bernard teaches that what matters most is chaste humility. He also consistently links virginity with pride and false holiness, a strategy possibly linked with a battle between white and black monks. Finally, AElred produces a model of monastic perfection that is terrifically masculine, distinctively different from virginity, and perfectly suited for his audience. In addition to uncovering each monk's unique perception of virginity and chastity, I call attention to similarities and differences in their thought and make conclusions based on those observations. Overall, I have found not only that virginity and chastity did matter to some medieval religious men but also that the way they handle those ideals can be tremendously revealing.%%%%PhD


Electrodermography (EDG) / Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) indicates the psychophysiological of emotion, EDG is an emerging signal used in the field of emotion classification aside from Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrocardiography (ECG). The Empatica E4 wearable device was used in collecting EDG signals and employed as the method in capturing the test subject's physiological signal of their skin activity. This experiment had 10 participants that use a Virtual Reality (VR) headset for viewing video stimuli in 360 degrees while collecting the EDG signals. Python with Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used in processing the 10 subjects' data. This paper aims to compare the accuracy of the SVM experiments with different parameters, different settings based on the data retrieved from the wearable. The emotions were classified into four distinct quadrants with inter-subject classifications yielding an accuracy of 54.3%, and intra-subject classification yielded an accuracy of 57.1% to 99.2%. The presented results show that it is possible to achieve results with higher accuracy when parameter tuning. Hence, promising results were demonstrated for emotion prediction in four quadrants using wearable EDG technology in virtual reality environments. This paper provides two contributions, the use of EDG signals in emotion prediction, and the parameter setting to increase the accuracy for SVM classification.


Producer interest in using livestock guardian dogs (Canis lupus familiaris; LGDs) to protect domestic cattle (Bos taurus) is driven by expanding large carnivore predator populations and increased public concerns regarding lethal predator control in North America. However, few resources exist to guide livestock producers regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle. This paper summarizes published information and personal ranch experiences regarding the use of LGDs to protect cattle, describes livestock-producer identified challenges to more widespread adoption of this method to deter predators, and provides guidelines for introducing pups to LGD-naïve cattle herds. I recommend more extensive research on the use of LGDs with cattle, increased development of programs to place LGDs with cattle herds, as well as educational efforts targeting resource managers, livestock producers, and the general public.


HTTP request splitting is a new concept where the TCP connection and data transfer phases are dynamically split between servers without using a central dispatcher or load balancer. Splitting is completely transparent to the client and provides security due to the inaccessibility and invisibility of the data servers. We study the performance of mini Web server clusters with request splitting. With partial delegation in which some requests are split, throughput is better, and response times are only marginally less than for an equivalent non-split system. For example with partial delegation, for a four-node cluster with a single connection server and three data servers serving 64 KB files, and for a three-node cluster with two connection servers and a single data server serving 4 KB files, the respective throughput improvements over non-split systems are 10% and 22%, with only a marginal increase in response time. In practice, the throughput improvement percentages will be higher and response time gaps will be lower since we ignore the overhead of a dispatcher or load balancer in non-split systems. Although these experiments used bare PC Web servers without an operating system/kernel for ease of implementation, splitting and clustering may also be implemented on conventional systems.


Cleary-Goldman and d'Alton discuss the implications of a new study in PLoS Medicine examining the risk of fetal death in uncomplicated monochorionic diamnotic twin pregnancies.


The invention relates to a method for detecting a movement (17) of a parked parked vehicle (2), comprising: - detecting a movement of the vehicle (2) described movement variable (18), - integrating the amount of movement (18) in response to a direction of movement of the vehicle (2) to a path of movement (43), and - deciding on the movement to be detected (17) if the path of movement (43) satisfies a predetermined condition (44).


This paper analyzes the application of rhyming device in English advertisements and proposes some effective translating strategies based on Nida's translation theory of "Functional Equivalence.


Astaxanthin accumulation by Phaffia rhodozyma is strongly dependent on the dissolved oxygen concentration. Two-phase fermentation system with the addition of oxygen vector was applied to enhance oxygen transfer. The addition of oxygen carrier, soybean oil, obviously improved the astaxanthin yield, whereas high concentration of carrier showed somewhat inhibition to the yeast growth and astaxanthin formation.


This paper studies metaphor in informative medical texts for non-specialists and,
more precisely, the problem of the translation of metaphor from a source language
(SL) (German in this case) into a target language (TL) (English and Spanish).
Metaphor is the asso ci a tion of two or more ideas throu gh their co m m o n
ch a ra cteri s ti cs or similari ties wh i ch re sult in a new linguistic expre s s i o n .
Metaphor is very common in info rm a tive medical text s , t h ou gh at first sight it
might seem it is not. The study of a brief text and its translation will show which
devices are put into play by the translator to convey the semantic and pragmatic
meanings of the source text (ST) in the target text (TT) and which mechanisms
and alternatives can be us ed in the t ranslation of metaphors. Our conclusion wil l
ref l e ct on how three different languages share the same co n ceptual sys tem and
hence the same conceptual metaphors in relation to the subject "health" and how
it is possible to transfer these concepts from one language to another.


Abstract Purpose: To investigate the mortality, quality of life and functional limitations of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with and without joint contractures 3.3 years after discharge from the hospital. Methods: 155 consecutive patients admitted to a primary care referral centre ICU for 2 or more weeks with information on joint range of motion formed a retrospective cohort. The EuroQol and a Joint Contracture Questionnaire were administered to the cohort survivors. Results: Fifty patients returned the questionnaires, 57 did not return the questionnaire, and 48 were deceased. The patients who had died presented significantly more joint contractures in the ICU than the respondents and the non-respondents (p = 0.003 and p = 0.006, respectively). More respondents who reported limitations in their mobility on the EuroQol had joint contractures in ICU 13/18 (72.2%) compared to respondents who did not have contractures 7/21 (33.3%; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Joint contractures in ICU were associated with higher mortality. Patients who spent 2 weeks or more in ICU and developed joint contractures identified more difficulty with mobility 3.3 years after discharge; joint contractures may impose irreversible disability. A strategy to identify and treat joint contractures in ICU may prevent long-term functional limitations. Implications for Rehabilitation The presence of joint contractures was associated with higher mortality more than 3 years after discharge. Joint contractures that developed in ICU were associated with disability for mobility more than 3 years after ICU discharge. Monitoring, detection and early rehabilitation may be critical in treating joint contractures before they become irreversible. These results support prospectively tracking contractures of large joints in the continuum from ICU to hospital to home.


Lists and briefly describes a large set of "sealed tube experiments," each of which requires less than five minutes to set-up and clean-up, requires less than five minutes to run, provides dramatic results observable by a large class, and illustrates important chemical concepts.


The authors have reported that several strains of halophilic archaea, including Hc.morrhuoe NRC16OO8 (NCMB746) and Hf. mediterranei R4 ATCC33500, produced extracellular halophilic proteases on agar plates containing 3 to 4 M NaCl (1). Later investigation showed that ten more unidentified halophilic archaeal strains recently isolated from saline samples exhibited extracellular protease activities. Since several complete and partial sequences of 16S rRNA encoding genes have been reported from halophilic archaea, the authors sequenced the genes of the above mentioned two species to enrich the 16S rRNA data base for the future use for the identification of the halophilic archaeal isolates. Four primers were synthesized, 20 nucleotides long each, designed from very conserved regions of 16S rRNA of halophilic archaea (sense, 1-20 and 688-707: antisense, 720-739 and 1453 —1472, numbering according to ref.2 for Halobacterium cutirubrum 16S rRNA), and used in PCR for the amplification of rDNA, approximately 740 and 785 bp. The partially overlapping rDNAs were sequenced by the dideoxy method with dye-labelled M13(-21) universal-primers using ABI373A DNA sequencer. The result is shown in Figure 1 in an aligned form with a total of 164 substitutions including 5Ns. On the other hand He. morrhuae NRC 16008 16S rRNA differed from that of Hc.morrhuae ATCC17082 (3) in only 12 bases except for 5Ns, while there were 24 substitutions between Hf. mediterranei and Hf.volcanii (4).


The OPERA experiment aims at measuring for the first time neutrino oscillation in appearance mode through the detection of ντ in an almost pure νμ beam produced at CERN SPS (CNGS), 730 km far from the detector. The ντ appearance signal is identified through the measurement of the decay daughter particles of the τ lepton produced in CC ντ interactions. Since the short-lived τ particle has, at the energy of the beam, an average decay length shorter than a 1 mm, a micrometric detection resolution is needed. The OPERA apparatus is hybrid, using nuclear emulsion as high precision tracker and electronic detectors for the time stamp, event localization in the target and muon reconstruction. The Emulsion Cloud Chamber technique fulfils the requirement of a microscopic resolution together with a large target mass. The kinematical analysis allowed by this technique is described. 1 The ECC in the OPERA experiment The short-lived τ lepton (cτ = 87.11 μm) is identified by its characteristic decay topologies either in one prong (electron, muon or hadron) or in three-prongs; its short track is measured in a target made of 1 mm thick lead plates (target mass and absorber material) interspaced with nuclear emulsion films (high-accuracy tracking devices). The films are made of two 45 μm emulsion layers on each side of a plastic base of 200 μm. This detector is historically called Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC). OPERA has a modular target with units (called bricks) consisting of 57 emulsion films [1] interleaved with 56 lead plates. The transverse dimensions are 12.8 × 10.2 cm and the thickness along the beam z direction is 7.9 cm (about 10 radiation lengths). The weight is 8.3 kg. The OPERA experiment contains 150000 bricks in total. The scanning of emulsion films is performed with two different types of automatic microscopes: the European Scanning System (ESS) [2, 3] and the Japanese S-UTS [4]. Microscope systems have comparable performances ensuring a scanning speed two orders of magnitude greater than that of the systems used in the recent. The spatial and angular resolution is of the order of ∼1 μm and 1 mrad, respectively. In order to reduce the emulsion scanning load, interface films (Changeable Sheets, CS [5]), between the electronic detectors and the bricks are used. They consist of tightly-packed emulsion film doublets, glued on the downstream face of each brick. CS doublets are removable without opening the brick. All tracks measured in the CS are sought in the most downstream films of the brick and followed back until they disappear in three consecutive films. The stopping point is considered as the signature either for a primary or a secondary vertex. The existence of the vertex is then confirmed by scanning a volume of about 2 cm around the stopping point. 2 Topological and kinematical analysis The ECC allows a very precise position determination of the primary neutrino interaction vertex. The track impact parameter distribution of the reconstructed tracks with respect to the reconstructed vertex position is shown in Figure 1.


Our work presents a new approach to developing, analyzing, and proving correctness of programs intended for execution on a quantum computer. We provide tools to write quantum as well as classical specifications, develop quantum and classical solutions for them, and analyses various properties of quantum specifications and quantum programs, such as implementability, time and space complexity, and probabilistic error analysis uniformly, all in the same framework. The work also develops a formal framework for specifying, implementing, and analyzing quantum pseudo-telepathy: an intriguing phenomenon which manifests itself when quantum information theory is applied to communication complexity.


I review recent progress in exploring the formation times of spheroidal stellar populations (elliptical galaxies and large spiral bulges) using spectrophotometric techniques. A quickly growing body of evidence shows that although massive spheroids can form at early times, there are strong environmental dependencies, and major transitions in star formation histories and even morphologies are detectable to surprisingly small redshifts (z � 0.2). These features are consistent with neither the strict monolithic collapse nor hierarchical merging scenarios. Restframe UV observations are a promising means of improving our understanding of spheroid evolution.


We present a method for generating higher-order finite volume discretizations for Poisson's equation on Cartesian cut cell grids in two and three dimensions. The discretization is in flux-divergence form, and stencils for the flux are computed by solving small weighted least-squares linear systems. Weights are the key in generating a stable discretization. We apply the method to solve Poisson's equation on a variety of geometries, and we demonstrate that the method can achieve second and fourth order accuracy in both truncation and solution error for these examples. We also show that the Laplacian operator has only stable eigenvalues for each of these examples.


The invention relates to a method for regenerating a in an exhaust line (3) of an internal combustion engine (1) arranged in the particulate filter (4), in particular in a motor vehicle, - in which a regeneration process is started when a with a particle loading of the particle filter (4) correlating load signal reaches a predetermined limit, or exceeds, the load signal from a pressure drop signal to one of an exhaust gas flow during the flow of the particulate filter (4) correlated overcome pressure drop, and is generated from a mass flow rate signal that correlates with an the particulate filter (4) flowing through the mass flow, and / or - in which to start the regeneration process, an exhaust gas temperature upstream of the particulate filter (4) by means of a control loop is controlled to a predetermined target value, wherein control parameters of the control loop correlated as a function of a mass flow signal flowing through a the particulate filter (4) mass flow, continuously at a timing of the controlled system to be adapted.


problem should really be attacked by the methods used by Mr. Soper in studying bhe frequency distribution of partitioning a population into a stated number of categories )f variable content. Dr. Isserlis thought no conclusion could be drawn from the small correlations of 0'12 + 0'13 found between mean ages and numbers notified, apart from the fact of all the variations being in one direction. To a layman it seemed natural that a big epidemic should involve higher mean age in the same way that a larger army meant a higher mean age of soldiers during the war.


This study aims to determine the effect of different types of gases, initial pH, and the fermentation duration to
cell biomass, pH, reducing sugar concentration, and ethanol concentration that was produced from fermentation
of the Spirogyra hyalina hydrolysates to become ethanol using Zymomonas mobilis. Fermentation performed
under anaerobic conditions with the variations of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas in the space fermenter. The
results showed that different types of gases, pH, and the fermentation duration give an effect on the cell
biomass, pH, reducing sugar concentration, and ethanol concentration that was produced from fermentation of
Spirogyra hyalina hydrolysates using Zymomonas mobilis. The highest levels of ethanol and biomass achieved
by Zymomonas mobilis in the presence of hydrogen gas. It means that the hydrogen gas that was injected into
the fermenter space can act as a reducing agent for the formation of NADH. NADH in the cell metabolism of
Zymomonas mobilis functioning for the formation of ethanol.