Significance Somatic mutagenesis is fundamental to the development and evolution of cancers. APOBEC3B (A3B) is a cellular deaminase, which is overexpressed in cancers and believed to be an important cause of cancer-associated mutations. The factors responsible for A3B up-regulation are unknown. Interestingly, a germ-line deletion polymorphism exists, such that a significant proportion of the global population does not express A3B protein. Using large human cancer datasets, we show that A3B expression is strongly associated with cellular proliferation. Furthermore, we identify a pattern of immune activation related to hypermutation in tumors arising in A3B deletion carriers suggesting that these patients could respond differently to immune-directed therapies. These results provide important context for the ongoing study of A3B as a therapeutic target or biomarker. Genomic sequencing studies of breast and other cancers have identified patterns of mutations that have been attributed to the endogenous mutator activity of APOBEC3B (A3B), a member of the AID/APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases. A3B gene expression is increased in many cancers, but its upstream drivers remain undefined. Furthermore, there exists a common germ-line deletion polymorphism (A3Bdel), which has been associated with a paradoxical increase in breast cancer risk. To examine causes and consequences of A3B expression and its constitutive absence in breast cancer, we analyzed two large clinically annotated genomic datasets [The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC)]. We confirmed that A3B expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics and adverse outcomes and show that A3B expression is highly correlated with proliferative features (mitosis and cell cycle-related gene expression) in breast and 15 of 16 other solid tumor types. However, breast cancers arising in homozygous A3Bdel individuals with A3B absent did not differ in these features, indicating that A3B expression is a reflection rather than a direct cause of increased proliferation. Using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we detected a pattern of immune activation in A3Bdel breast cancers, which seems to be related to hypermutation arising in A3Bdel carriers. Together, these results provide an explanation for A3B overexpression and its prognostic effect, giving context to additional study of this mutator as a cancer biomarker or putative drug target. In addition, although immune features of A3Bdel require additional study, these findings nominate the A3Bdel polymorphism as a potential predictor for cancer immunotherapy.


The following article is devoted to the screen images of violence in the silent cinema of 1900-1920. The author compares the aesthetics of early costume dramas, screen biographies of Jesus Christ and films about the First World war – and detects shared visual motifs and methods of narration. The reflection on violence turns out to be an important component of the cinema language formation. Keywords—silent cinema; visual image; Bible story; costume drama; military theme


A method for the estimation of pregnanediol in liquor amnii has been devised. It consists of extraction of the liquor with Delsal's reagent, evaporation of the solvent and partition of the residue between water, hexane and toluene. An internal standard of radioactive pregnanediol is added to the aqueous phase which is submitted to hot acid hydrolysis under toluene overlay. After hydrolysis the pregnanediol is further purified as in the method described by Klopper, Michie and Brown (1955). This includes chromatography on columns of aluminium oxide first as the free steroid and then as the diacetate. A chromatography standard of androstenedione is added to the eluate containing pregnanediol diacetate. After removing an aliquot for radioactivity measurement the steroids are determined by gas‐liquid chromatography. The data on the reliability of the method are given.


An embodiment provides a luminance compensation method and apparatus of the present invention is a self-luminous display, technical field relates to a display device, a self-luminous display device capable of reducing work time after the light emitting element of each region difference in attenuation, to avoid self-luminous display apparatus displays mura phenomenon after working long hours lumpy. Luminance compensation method comprising: obtaining a self-luminous display device prestored compensation coefficient table, the table includes a compensation coefficient of the compensation coefficient of the N zones, wherein the temperature compensation coefficient is larger than the area of the reference zone temperature is less than G, the temperature is lower than the reference temperature area greater than the area of the compensation coefficient G; compensating for the luminance of the N region in the image display area according to each compensation coefficient table. Embodiment of the present invention, the luminance compensation apparatus according to a self-luminous display.


The invention provides a drug composition. The drug composition contains biologically active fraction PMF and subfraction PMFK with effective quantity obtained from dry camel urine with a document number of PM701, is used as an anticancer agent, is selected from an anticancer compound PM701 and selectively targets a cancer cell without influencing a normal cell. The external application drug composition is used for skin diseases, burn and hypotrichosis.


In L.M. Montgomery's journals, the figure of Isabel, a spinster schoolteacher who stalked the writer, works to establish Montgomery's own love for women as normal in an era in which pathologizes women's same-sex friendships. Moreover, Montgomery's "heterosexualizing" of herself maintains the centrality and legitimacy of her own long-standing female attachments.


Expensive handling, the low efficacy of downy mildew management strategies and the strong relationship with weather conditions place great im- portance on this disease in producing roses for export. This research was aimed at studying the pathogen's biology to understand its relationship with tempe- rature and host variety in laboratory conditions. Sporangia of Peronospora sparsa from rose leaves with sporulation were collected in sterile water. A 30,000 sporangia per millilitre suspension was used for ino- culating healthy detached leaves from 'Charlotte', 'Classy' and 'First Red' varieties grafted onto 'Ma- netti' and 'Natal Briar' rootstocks and others rooted directly. The research was carried out at 10, 14, 18 and 22 oC with regulating 12-hour periods of light and dark. The sporulation index (SI) and sporangia production per cm 2 leaflet were evaluated after seven days' inoculation. Classy presented the shortest latent period in this study whilst the longest was observed in 'First Red'. Temperatures higher than 18 oC were fa- vourable for pathogen sporulation. The highest SI was observed in the 'Classy' variety, 'Charlotte' presented a medium value and 'First Red' showed the lowest SI at the different temperatures evaluated. Variations in latent period and sporulation intensity were specific according to variety and temperature.


Candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum is an obligate primary endosymbiont harboured by whiteflies including the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). A survey of C. portiere endosymbionts was conducted by using polymerase chain reaction with universal primers for 16SrDNA within Pakistani whitefly population collected from different cotton growing areas of the Punjab, further analysed by cloning of the PCR products, RFLP analysis. Finally sequences were obtained from commercial labs and phylogenetic analysis were done of all the detected C. portiera clones. This is the first report regarding the identification of C. protiera from the Pakistan. The C. portiera was detected almost in all the samples of whiteflies from 16 different locations of Punjab, Pakistan. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the primary endosymbionts, their host specificity and their diversity across the world. © 2016 Friends Science Publishers


Based on research methods and approaches including questionnaire,oberservation,induction and mathematical statistics,this paper makes an analysis of the current situation of 200 non-PE-major college students participating in extracurricular physical excercises in Shangqiu Normal University.According to the suvey,students in Shangqiu Normal University have realized the necessity of extracurricular physical excercises,while their excersice time and frequecy still cannot meet the the specified standard of the State Educational Commission.Besides,they pefer to do exercises together with friends and classmates,and male students favor intense and exciting team sports,while female students prefer less-confrontational sports or individual sports.


Code-switching, a natural phenomenon that consists of alternating two or more languages in bilinguals' discourse, has traditionally been examined in its oral production. Much attention has been devoted to its form, meaning, and grammatical patterns. However, very little research has focused on code-switching in writing. After the turn of the millennium, it seems obvious that technology has rapidly transformed the more traditional means of communication and written expression. More specifically, blogs (short for web log) now serve as a publicly accessible personal journal for an individual. Typically updated on a daily or weekly basis, blogs often reflect the personality of the author. Montes-Alcala (2000) analyzed a bilingual individual's journal and examined code-switching in a private diary. The author found that code-switching in a personal manuscript was not uncommon, perhaps due to its confidentiality. How has the Internet affected this type of bilingual texts? Do we encounter language switching in public journals as well? Due to the relative novelty of this mode of communication among bilinguals and monolinguals alike, research on code-switching in the Internet is quite scarce to date. This paper analyzes bilingual blogs in an attempt to take a further step in the lessinvestigated area of Spanish-English written code-switching. The research question is twofold. First, I inquire whether bilingual individuals would freely switch languages when writing in a public journal. Then, I attempt to explain when and why they do it. The underlying hypothesis is that their writing will display social functions similar to those found in oral code-switching research, given that this type of text serves as a means of interaction among bilingual individuals. Furthermore, I intend to expose the cultural nature of code-switching, a component that has often been overlooked in the search for grammatical and pragmatic constraints. The analysis includes data from several Spanish-English bilingual blogs where the language choices reveal how bilingual individuals live in between two worlds, two cultures, and two languages they can and must use to fully express themselves.


This article briefly discusses the changing profile of registrants with the General Dental Council and some of the challenges that exist to maintaining specialists. We highlight the potential for collaborating with overseas centres able to deliver specialist training and education.


X-ray pulse height spectra of the most active cool stars in the Hyades cluster obtained with the Einstein IPC cannot be satisfactorily fitted using isothermal thin plasma emission models. Addition of a second isothermal component provides acceptable fits. However, a more physically meaningful set of coronal parameters is provided by models which consist of an ensemble of loops wih a single maximum temperature, but with the temperature distribution within the loop determined by loop physics. Such models have been successfully fitted to the IPC pulse height spectra. Constraints on loop parameters are discussed for the F-G dwarfs BD + 14 deg 693, BD + 14 deg 690, BD + 15 deg 640, and 71 Tau. Models with a large variation of loop cross section from base to top do not fit the data. A consistent physical description is an ensemble of small high-pressure loops of similar maximum temperature which dominate the coronal X-ray spectrum.


Ancient mythology, literary fiction, and modern science fiction films all recount a similar cautionary tale: human ingenuity gives rise to a powerful invention, but through human fallibility and, in some tellings, venality, the invention becomes a monster and turns on its creators. Perhaps the most famous example is Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, in which Dr. Frankenstein's attempt to fashion a living man from the dead remains of others succeeds, only then to go horribly awry. Such stories are timeless because they warn of *340 the dangers of indelible features of human nature: hubris and short-sightedness. Recent large-scale catastrophes such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Gulf oil spill and the 2011 tsunami-induced radiation leakage at the Fukushima nuclear power facility are only the latest reminders of the limits of human ingenuity and the continuing relevance of the Frankenstein story.But if the unintended consequences of human ingenuity can sometimes prove disastrous, at other times, they may turn out to be felicitous. We are all familiar with accidental inventions like penicillin, Post-it Notes, and the microwave oven. Spandrels are a more whimsical example. A spandrel is the space between a curved arch and a rectangular boundary; although an artifact of architecture and geometry, since ancient times, artists and architects have used spandrels to enhance the beauty of buildings. We see a similar process in nature: evolution, or in the case of human culture, our own artifice, retrofits organs and capacities that were originally selected for one purpose to serve some very different purpose. Feathers evolved as insulation but proved useful for flight. Evolutionary biologists debate the causal origins of sophisticated human language, but it certainly did not evolve to enable the writing of sonnets or the delivery of lectures on law. The late *341 evolutionary biologist Stephen Jay Gould popularized the term "exaptation" to refer to this phenomenon, expressly analogizing it to spandrels in architecture.So much for literature, science, and art. Let me turn now to something about which I am more qualified to express an opinion: law. The law contains numerous examples of retrofitting. Legal institutions, doctrines, and texts that were originally thought to serve one purpose can come to serve quite different purposes.


In article the interest of museologists to a problem of historical prototypes of a virtual museum as a collection of a large number of images is analyzed. It is possible to study this question on the basis of wide historical material which chronologically covers the period from the XVI th to the XX th century. Collections of images, making a basis of some collections, and the works devoted to phenomena of collecting and museum are also important.


In a recent meta-analysis of attitude-behavior research, the authors of this article found a strong overall attitude-behavior relationship (r = .79) when methodological artifacts are eliminated. The trend in A-B research, however, is to conceive of behavioral intentions (BI) as a mediator between attitudes (A) and behaviors (B). In this study, it is hypothesized that (a) A-BI correlation would be higher than A-B correlation, (b) BI-B correlation would be higher than A-B correlation, (c) A-BI correlation would be higher than BI-B correlation, (d) the variation in BI-B correlations would be greater than that of A-BI, and (e) attitudinal relevance would affect the magnitude of the A-BI correlation. A series of meta-analyses, integrating the findings of 92 A-BI correlations (N = 16,785) and 47 B-BI correlations (N = 10,203) that deal with 19 specified categories and a variety of miscellaneous topics was performed. The results were consistent with all five hypotheses. The theoretical and methodological implications are discussed.


The authors are members of the famed Manchester Mummy Team who carried out the first phase of the Manchester Egyptian Mummy Project from 1973 to 1979, producing educational material on the subject of Egyptology and mummified remains. (Authors: A. R. David; R. A. Rawcit; H. Jarvis; I. Isherwood; E. Tapp; P. Stanworth; K. Wildsmith; T. Flaherty; T. J. Haig; F. Filce Leek; I. A. Fletcher; R. A. H. Neave; C. Pettit; G. Fildes). Two books were published. The present book is an extension of their work. After completing their human mummies collection to represent a fair selection of the different types of mummificaiton ranging from the twelfth dynasty to the Roman period, a time-span of some 2000 years, they built on the results of the previous research and developed their radiology and pathology techniques, made use of the science of serology for the first time, investigated an extensive collection of dry skulls to give a unique account of the dental profession in Ancient Egypt, used endoscopy as a means of obtaining tissue for histology without unwrapping and dissecting the mummy, and developed virtually non-destructive techniques of investigation involving the use of x-rays. The information obtained has been organized into an International Mummy Databank. The Manchester Museum, as a university institution, had access to the complex specialized equipment used in advanced medical radiological investigations that provided detailed information not obtainable in former times, when most of the radiographic work on mummified remains had to be undertaken in museums or at archaeological sites using portable x-ray equipment and with the limitations of the local electrical supplies and processing facilities. The radiographic equipment and the various techniques used (photofluorography, tomography, three-dimensional observation and two-dimensional radiography) are described and the results of the studies given. This team's work resulted in the adoption in forensic studies of some of the techniques they devised, such as fingerprinting rigid hands, and the knowledge obtained from scientifically reconstructing the three-dimensional heads of three of the mummies has since been of benefit in plastic surgery. -- AATA


A new method for the synthesis of 2-substituted N-H benzimidazoles was achieved in one step by reaction with Na2S2O4 via a reductive cyclo dehydration of o-nitro anilides in water. It was observed that Methanol or Ethanol could also be used as co-solvent. This method provides facile access to a series of 2-substituted N-H benzimidazoles (la-ln) containing various functional groups in good to excellent yields.


We extend Turaev's definition of torsion invariants of 3-dimensional manifolds equipped with non-singular vector fields, by allowing (suitable) tangency circles to the boundary, and manifolds with non-zero Euler characteristic. We show that these invariants apply in particular to (the exterior of) Legendrian links in contact 3-manifolds. Our approach uses a combinatorial encoding of vector fields, based on standard spines. In this paper we extend this encoding from closed manifolds to manifolds with boundary.


The scanning characteristics of a certain class of Aperture Coupled Fed Fragmented Microstrip Antennas are presented. This type of antenna exhibits relatively wide-band performance and its scanning characteristics are investigated.


Samples of crystalline and amorphous technetium(IV) oxide were synthesized and their structures characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and various chemical methods. Synthesis and characterization of the crystalline product was straightforward; however, the stoichiometry of the amorphous solid could not be determined unambiguously. Enthalpy of solution measurements for the dissolution of these solids in acidic Ce(IV) solutions were also determined. The value for the crystalline product was used to calculate °(Tc02(cr), 298.15 K) = ( 4 5 8 ±6) k j · mol '. This value, along with an estimate of the S°(Tc02(cr), 298.15 K) yielded an estimate of the J ,G 0 (Tc0 2 ( c r ) , 298.15 K) (404 ± 8 ) k j · mol '. This value indicates crystalline technetium(IV) oxide is more stable than previously estimated.


Monetary policy has been shown to influence the risk-taking behaviour of banks in Europe and North America. Africa has however received limited attention in this regard. This study contributes to the monetary policy and bank risk-taking literature for sub-Sahara Africa by examining a panel of commercial banks from 2001-2015 for different types of risks. We find that monetary policy significantly influences bank risk-taking both statistically and economically, but the effect differs across the types of risks. Bank size and profitability are important in determining how effective monetary policy impacts risk-taking. The effects are stronger for countries without exchange rate controls. In terms of policies, monetary authorities intending to pursue expansionary monetary policy must remedy the risk-taking response by banks.


sensitive to cultural needs. A thorough analysis of preand postcolonial cultural influences is intended to increase the awareness of the health promoter. The author defines culture from an international perspective, underlinging its importance in empowering the individual and the community in health promotion. He delves into the history of Eurocentric explanation of health and introduces the concept of the 'restricted family', as practiced in Europe, opposed to the 'extended family' in African nations. The implications of these two family types are critically analysed and policy issues are highlighted to improve health education.


Isovaleric acidemia secondary to isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare disorder of organic acid metabolism occuring in <1/200,000 live births. Since 1977, we have treated 7 patients with a low-protein diet and glycine, 250 mg/kg/day P.O., to enhance conversion of isovaleric acid to the readily-excreted conjugate, isovalerylglycine, and thereby reduce the burden of the toxic isovaleric acid. The long-term results of this glycine treatment on the frequency of ketoacidotic episodes (KA) and the developmental outcome are shown in the following table:Although plasma glycine was markedly elevated in all, no ill effects secondary to glycine Rx were noted in any of the patients. Glycine Rx did not eliminate ketoacidotic episodes, but all acute toxic states were easily controlled with fluid, alkali and by increasing the dosage of glycine. Most importantly, none of the patients with neonatal or infantile-onset disease treated by 4 months of age were developmentally delayed or mentally retarded.


A new system has been developed to capture tritiated water vapor that normally would be released to the environment during glove-box operations. Columns of silica gel are connected to the exhaust lines, and essentially all the tritium released in the box is captured. The silica gel initially of for absorbing tritiated water. This means that the silica gel can to the exhaust line for an indefinite period of time and still be ready active


This presentation is concerned with the efficient and accura te simulation of engineering problems where the coupling between the mechanical and electromagnetic behaviour of an object is important. Such problems arise in a wide range of applications including MEMS, smart materials, general electrical machines and MRI scanners to name but a few (eg [4]). In this initial study we shall restrict consideration to electromagnetic behaviour that can be described by electrostatics and mechanical behaviour that can be described by linear elasticity. Furthermore, we shall rest rict consideration to two dimensional problems. The extension to more general problems is envisaged as part of ongoing future work. The boundary value problem of electrostatics can be stated as, find the electrostatic potential φ such that


BACKGROUND
The subject of subdural empyema (SDE) is reviewed on the basis of experience with 45 cases.

METHODS
Records of 45 patients with SDE were analyzed. There were 35 males and 10 females in the series. The majority of the patients were either infants (22.2%) or in their second and third decade of life (37.8%). For supratentorial SDE, craniotomy was done in 5 cases (11.1%). In six cases (13.3%) two burr-holes and in the rest of the cases multiple burrholes were done to evacuate the empyema. Craniectomy was done in three cases (6.7%), of which two had posterior fossa SDE. All patients received appropriate preoperative and postoperative broad-spectrum antibiotics.

RESULTS
There was good recovery in 35 (77.8%) patients, six patients (13.3%) had moderate disability, two patients (4.4%) had severe disability, and two (4.4%) died. Three patients who developed recollection at operation site required evacuation of residual SDE. Median follow-up was 3(1/2) years (range 4 months to 3(1/2) years).

CONCLUSION
Emergent evacuation of SDE using multiple burr-holes and irrigation of the subdural cavity with saline for 24 hours results in a satisfactory outcome in cases with SDE.


The use of collagen scaffolds and stem cells for obtaining a tissue-engineering complex has been an important concept in promoting repair and regeneration of the bone tissue. Such units represent important steps in the development of an ideal scaffold-cell complex that would sustain new bone apposition. The aim of our study was to perform a histologic evaluation of the healing of critical-sized bone defects, using a biologic collagen scaffold with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, in comparison to negative controls created in the adjacent bone. We used 16 Wistar rats and according to the study design 2 calvarial bone defects were created in each animal, one was filled with collagen seeded with adipose-derived stem cells and the other one was considered negative control. During the following month, at weekly intervals, the animals were euthanized and the specimens from bone defects were histologically evaluated. The results showed that these scaffolds were highly biocompatible as only moderate inflammation no rejection reactions were observed. Furthermore, the first signs of osseous healing appeared after two weeks accompanied by angiogenesis. Collagen scaffolds seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be considered a promising treatment option in bone regeneration of large defects.

https://revmaterialeplastice.ro/pdf/POP TUDOR 4 18.pdf


The hydrologic calculation in the plain area is of great significance under the present condition of the ecological environment reconstruction.By the test of the imitated rain,the article researches some rainfall runoff features of the plain area which the slope is less than 3‰,the changing regulation of runoff coefficient under the steady rainfall condition,puts forward the calculation principle of the rainfall runoff this area by using the maximum runoff coefficient method and makes a calculation of the runoff for the process of rainstorm under the unsteady or natural condition.The result shows that:(1)Calculating the runoff process that changed the rain strength through the imitates rain test and comparing the calculated number to the fact number,the average value of the relative errors is 6.43%;(2)Calculating the runoff process of natural rainfall,the error from the examples are 5.9% and 10.9%.


Firms employ different governance structures in interfirm relationships depending on the varying levels of contractual risks. However we know little about how such governance structures shape the path through which firms build capabilities. In this study I propose a theoretical model examining the different capability building processes of various governance structures guiding collaborative relationships. I categorize two types of capabilities that are fundamental in cooperative relationships: contract design capability and coordination capability. As firms accumulate collaborative experience from prior alliances, they build these capabilities along different trajectories. These learning paths are further moderated by technological diversity in partners' prior alliance experiences. This study contributes to the alliance research by proposing the learning processes embedded in governance structures of interfirm relationships, and connecting transaction cost economics with organizational learning theory and the resource-based view.


According to feature models of pulmonary nodules,regions of interest (ROI) were classified to detect pulmonary nodules.Firstly,an ant colony algorithm was utilized to form the primary rule set,and then the primary rule set was modified to confirm the final rule set based on the correlation degrees of the condition elements.Secondly,the features in the final rule were modeled,and the features variables were defined to represent the features in the final rule set.Thirdly,an ant colony algorithm was used to classify ROI based on each feature variable value and population characteristic of ROI.The center of classification was determined by the model that imitated the aggregation of dead bodies by ants,and the model of ants looking for food was used to classify.The experiment results indicate that this approach for detecting pulmonary nodules has a high sensitivity,and it can provide doctors with helpful information for diagnosis of pulmonary cancer.


An apparatus and method for providing program guide information to the end user. The apparatus and method based on a set of the selected channel to map portions of the grid database, and then using the new channel from the database and one of the substituents selected channel to the channel display elements of the display is incremented periodically. The apparatus and method is provided: acquisition (302) for the program content information of a plurality of broadcast channels; an output (406) first video image, the video image represented by the first time of the first portion covers the plurality of channels span a program content; outputting the first image after a period of time, the output (406) covers the second video image represented by the contents of the program time of the second portion of the plurality of channels span, from a second portion comprising a plurality of channels, not including at least one channel in the first portion.


Interest in the relation of plants to deposition of calcareous charged water as travertine, tufa or sinter has existed at least since the time of Vergil and Pliny. Most of the studies have been concerned with currently active springs, and discussion has tended to center around the role of bacteria and algae, primarily, in producing deposition or at least in increasing precipitation of calcium carbonate from calcium bicarbonate (Agardh, 1827; Cohn, 1862; Weed, 1888; Meunier, 1899; Jones, 1914; Kellerman and Smith, 1914; Emig, 1917; et al.). In some cases other plant structures such as leaves, twigs, wood, etc., have been noted. The Little Sur travertine terraces in Monterey County, California, are interesting not only in terms of their formation and related geologic history, but also because the plant fossils give additional evidence regarding the distribution of the closed-cone pine forest along the central coast of California during the Pleistocene. The travertine outcrop was discovered by Durham during a class field trip in October, 1958, and collections were made at that time as well as during a similar trip the following year. Additional collections and reconnaissance studies were made by both authors later in the second year. Durham is responsible for the geologic observations and discussion herein. Thanks are due to Robert Simmonds for running the amino acid tests on the gastropod shells and to Allyn B. Smith for identifying the shells. Likewise appreciation is expressed to H. L. Mason for criticizing the manuscript and to Jack Wolfe for checking the determination of fossils as well as for criticism of the manuscript. Most of the plant fossil specimens are located in the Paleobotanical Collections of the Department of Botany, University of Illinois. Duplicate specimens are deposited in The Museum of Paleontology, University of California at Berkeley. Voucher specimens for description of the modern vegetation are in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Illinois.


A 66-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after CT incidentally revealed a tumor in the pancreatic head. Contrast-enhanced CT showed a multifocal and microcystic tumor of around 45 mm in the pancreatic head that was enhanced in the early phase. This imaging also showed a tumor of around 10 mm with poor contrast enhancement in the pancreatic body that was accompanied by pancreatic duct dilation. Pancreatic serous cystadenoma (SCA) in the pancreatic head and carcinoma of the pancreatic body were diagnosed, and total pancreatectomy was performed. Histopathological examination showed that both tumors were SCA. SCA is a benign tumor that generally occurs as a single lesion and is not associated with pancreatic duct stenosis. Multiple SCA is rare. SCA larger than 4 cm has been found to be more likely to cause subjective symptoms and is suitable for surgery. A tumor in the pancreatic body accompanied by stenosis of the main pancreatic duct may also be pancreatic carcinoma. For these reasons, we selected total pancreatectomy in our case.


Acute management of people who have had a myocardial infarction (MI) has changed dramatically, with more people surviving. More effective treatment, including percutaneous coronary intervention, raises questions about the relevance of current recommendations on secondary prevention. Concerns have arisen about the need for the antiplatelet regimens mandated by coronary stent insertion in people who have an independent need for warfarin. New data are also available about how to increase attendance for cardiac rehabilitation programmes, about existing drug treatments and lifestyle advice, and new antithrombotic agents.

The impact of shorter stays in hospital on the changes in acute management have emphasised the importance of primary care in secondary prevention. General practitioners and nurses are now responsible for most of this activity, specifically the promotion of cardiac rehabilitation programmes and the prescription and monitoring of ongoing drug therapy. This also requires effective communication between hospital and primary care, ensuring that clear management plans are relayed in a timely way.

These considerations have led to a revision of the 2007 guideline on secondary prevention after an MI.1 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).2

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets.

### Cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiac rehabilitation should be offered to all people who have had an MI and should be provided in different settings (such as in the person's home) and at different times of the day to ensure that people can attend and complete the programme.


I have a question and a concern related to Dr Craik's May editorial.1 She was not very specific in stating what criteria are being …


A given impedance load can be made matched to a transmission line by elementary stub tuner movements in a Smith chart. We now show that a given patch antenna can be made matched and broadband, by a similar stub tuner movements through replacing the impedance load with the center of the impedance locus loop of the patch.


Silica gel column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract of Vincetoxicum stocksii resulted in the separation of three new rarely occurring natural products; [4-(4-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)phenyl] carbamic acid (1), bis[di-p-phenylmethane]ethyl carbamate (2), methyl 2-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate, stocksiloate(3), along with five known compounds; 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,-propanetriol (4), feruloyl-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (6), apocynin (7) and vincetomine (8). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established with help of 1D, 2D-NMR techniques and high resolution mass spectrometry, whereas, compound 3 could only be characterized tentatively by 1D, 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1 is new compound while 2 is synthetically known but never been reported from natural source. The known compounds were identified due to 1D NMR analysis and in comparison with the literature values. Compounds 1-3 were found inactive in an anti-urease assay.


AbstractMeasurements have been made of the diffusion rates of nickel in a series of iron-nickel, iron-manganese, and iron-chromium alloys in the f.c.c. phases. Some measurements were also made for the b.c.c. phase of the iron-chromium alloys. The results show the variation in diffusion rates with composition. No anomalies were observed. A negative contribution to the entropy change during the diffusion process is needed to explain the results for the b.c.c. alloys.


The invention relates to a device (14) for changing the jet shape of flowable products, in particular foods, comprising: an inflow region (16) for the inflow of the flowable products, an outflow region (17) for the outflow of the flowable products, and a plurality of channels (18) for conducting the flowable products, wherein each channel (18) comprises an inlet (19) associated with the inflow region (16) and an outlet (20) associated with the outflow region (17), wherein the inlets (19) jointly form an inflow surface (30), which lies in the inflow region (16) and has a width (B) and a height (H), and wherein the outlets (20) jointly form an outflow surface (32), which lies in the outflow region (17) and which has a width (B') and a height (H'). In order reduce splattering during the filling of packages having a cross-section that is not rotationally symmetrical, the outflow surface (32) according to the invention is not rotationally symmetrical.


This project will define how the international standards prescribed by the United Nations interfere in the culture of a country, and the role of cultural relativism about the obligations stipulated by the organization, in this case a relation about Iran. The fact that Iran is ruled under an Islamic fundamentalist regime comprises a framework of intense complexity, characterized by economic, political, social, ideological and religious that combines in varying proportions to create situations, often leading to conflicts in the international arena. The acts justified by Islam do not apply to the minimal rights considering to the human dignity that it has been stipulated by the United Nations. Thus, the debate between universalism versus relativism, is filtered to an analysis between the Western versus Islam conceptions and taking into account historical, culture and social facts, these two communities differ themselves in a way of how to analyze the international arena as well as the value of people s role at the society Through resolutions issued by UN mechanisms, the project will define how the acts are committed by Iran. Such mechanisms dictate how human rights are treated in this country, and recommendations are made to implement the principles present in the obligations accepted by Iran, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and the Convention on the Rights of Children. Besides the evaluation from the perspective of these four agreements, the UN will assess how, in other aspects, is the situation of human dignity in the old Persia.


The invention relates to an overcurrent protection device of a starter. The overcurrent protection device of the starter comprises a pull-up transistor, an input sampling transistor, and a control transistor, wherein a grid electrode of the input sampling transistor is electrically connected with a control terminal of the overcurrent protection device, a source/drain electrode is electrically connected with a grid electrode of the pull-up transistor, and a drain/source electrode is connected to ground. A grid electrode of the control transistor is electrically connected with a control signal terminal, a source/drain electrode is electrically connected with the grid electrode of the pull-up transistor, and a drain/source electrode is electrically connected with a high level terminal. A drain/source electrode of the pull-up transistor is connected with the high level terminal, and a source/drain electrode is electrically connected with an output terminal of the overcurrent protection device.


The embedded software systems are first designed and validated by high level models such as MATLAB/Simulink functional models. However, implementing a Simulink functional model on multicore architecture is not trivial. Designers might need first to select an adequate multicore architecture that provides a higher performance for a given Simulink model. Hence, it is important to have a set of performance metrics at hand that assist the designers to select the adequate architecture. This paper presents an approach to evaluate the performance of a given Simulink model running on multicore architecture. For this purpose, a given Simulink model is mapped to synchronous dataflow graph, the graph is then scheduled with objective to minimize it iteration period, resulting in performance metrics such as speedup and efficiency. Based on these metrics, an industrial Simulink models is analyzed and a fitting multicore architecture is proposed.


This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of a 2,5-bis(phenylacrylonitrile)thiophene based two-photon dye, designed to show enhancement in fluorescence quantum yield in nanoaggregated form. Strong solvatochromism has been observed and explained by the favoritism of locally excited (LE) or internal charge transfer (ICT) state depending on the solvent polarity. Aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles have been prepared and investigated regarding their optical properties which were correlated to the LE and ICT state and the molecular structure of the aggregates.


Through examining the historical facts as well as analyzing the works written by Ba Jin and Zhao Chao-gou,this paper centers around the theme of to be honest and,furthermore,from diverse perspectives discusses their sincere and noble friendship for over half a century.As is revealed by the paper,to be honest is not only the key to the confluence of the two true hearts,but also the basic of essence and destination of their friendship.


The evolution of dental caries prevalence in Brazilian capitals was analyzed by me- asuring average percent difference in each city from 2003 to 2010. Between 2003 and 2010, we observed an average decline in the DMFT values in the fluoridated capitals (-8.6%) and an ave- rage increase of approximately 12.8% in non-fluoridated capitals. We concluded that fluoridation of public water supplies remains as a strategic measure for preventing dental caries in Brazilian capitals, despite concomitant exposure to multiple sources of fluoride. It should not only continue but be expanded as part of health equity-based public policies.


Use of clove, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Merr. & Perry), oil as a cost-effective anaesthetic for routine tasks in handling cultured marine fish. Several trials of clove, Syzygium aromaticum L. (Merr. & Perry), oil's efficacy as an anaesthetic wereconducted on Mediterranean yellowtail Seriola dumerili Risso, 1810, sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus, 1758, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758, dentex Dentex dentex Linnaeus, 1758 and sharp-snouted seabream Diplodus puntazzo Cetti, 1777. This product was found to be effective in all species at a dosage of about 40 ppt in seawater, causing total anaesthesia in fish after 3-6 min, with a recovery time of 2-5 min. No undesirable side effects were observed. Clove oil was found to present a number of advantages over other commonly used anaesthetics, including high efficacy at low doses, cost-efficiency, non-toxicity, potential positive side effects, and no need for a withdrawal time for selling the fish after its use.


There is little debate over whether technological change affects work processes and tasks. Yet, exactly how this happens is not at all clear. This study asks the question: How have information technologies changed the nature and distribution of work and workplace relationships in voluntary sector organizations? The authors conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with 23 respondents in three nonprofit agencies in the capital region of New York State that had an extensive history of involvement in contracting relationships with multiple government bureaucracies. The results indicate that the autonomy and flexibility associated with much of the work performed by the nonprofit labor force influence how information technology affects workplace processes and relationships. Employees with widely varying backgrounds fill newly defined IT jobs. Job satisfaction, workload, and the distribution of power have been altered in a number of complex ways. Responses regarding technology and the relationship between nonprofits and government are also explored.


Collection and treatment of saliva Parotid saliva (5ml each) was collected in ice-chilled test tubes from several individuals of about 21 years of age , utilizingd ouble walled suction cups with sour candy stimulation14). The specimens were immediately lyophilized. Subsequently , the dried parotid saliva was dissolved in 0.8ml of distilled water. The insoluble residue was removed by centrifugation (18 ,000•~g) for 30 min at 4•Ž, and the supernatant fraction was used for electrophoresis. Occasionally , the supernatant fraction was fractionated by a column of DE 32 (0.8•~30cm) equilibrated with 0.01 M NH4HCO3 in order to obtain basic components. The breakthrough fraction from the column was also used for electrophoresis.


Security is a challenging issue in resource-constrained applications, e.g. in an embedded system. This study focused on practical lightweight fault-tolerant strategies for hardware implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to mitigate the-reliability issue of secure architectures. In this work, a-fault-tolerant architecture called configurable fault-tolerant AES (CFTA), and its variants, called robust CFTA (R-CFTA), R-CFTA+, high throughput CFTA (HT-CFTA), HT-CFTA4R, HT-CFTA8R, and HT-CFTA+, are introduced. Proposed approaches exploit the-inherent parallel architecture of AES for employing redundancy at low cost. CFTA and HT-CFTA can tolerate all single permanent and transient faults in the-AES blocks and also all multiple permanent and transient faults in the-same block. R-CFTA upgrades the-fault-tolerant aspect of CFTA and HT-CFTA and it is also able to tolerate all single- and multiple-transient faults in two AES functional blocks during a round. The proof is provided to show the fault masking ability of provided architectures. Furthermore, R-CFTA+ and HT-CFTA+, which are suitable for high-security sensitive applications are suggested. In addition, the proposed fault-tolerant designs are implemented on both field programmable gate array and application-specific integrated circuit platforms, and their implementation area, frequency, and throughput are discussed and compared with other related works. Moreover, system-efficiency, as an important design metric, is reported for proposed structures.


Memory access delay has been a major influence on microprocessor systems performance recently. On-chip cache memory application dramatically reduces this delay. Cache prefetching method is one of the basic ones to give the most effective use of memory cache. In the present study we analyze the effect of one of the types of prefetching, especially, the Markov one, on the whole microprocessor-based system performance. The results obtained make it possible to come up with recommendations for the choice of Markov prefetcher parameters setting for both computationally intensive task and data-rich applications.


The floral composition, community structure and species diversity of Keteleeria fortunei natural forest in Yongchun, Fujian province were explored by the method of community investigation in this paper. Altogether there were 131 species of vascular plants from 60 families and 111 genera in this Keteleeria fortunei community, and Phanerophytes (including liane plants) accounted for 71.75% of the total species. The floristic analysis of geographic element indicated that pan-tropic elements were the dominant, and community structure was complicated. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of herb layer was the highest (2.2451) in this community.


When the destination information input by the user according to the determined route, the vehicle speed and current vehicle speed real-time traffic information is determined for each link in the route, each link is calculated using traffic: The present invention discloses a method of using a determined travel time route, comprising and determining each route in the total time, and route information to notify the user when used. The present invention also discloses a device for determining the route using the traveling time, comprising: a first determining unit for determining a route based on the destination information input by the user; receiving means for receiving real-time traffic information; a second determination unit , real-time traffic information according to the vehicle speed and current vehicle speed as each link in the route; calculation unit for driving each link when a calculation; third determination means, each driving direction is determined by a total; notification unit for the route to information and notify the user when used. The present invention greatly facilitate the users.


A combined process of a mechanical ball milling and liquid glycerin (C3H8O3) treatment of boron (B) powder has been conducted to enhance the superconducting properties of MgB2. The individual aims of the mechanical milling and the glycerin treatment were to reduce the grain size of the MgB2 and to achieve homogeneous carbon (C) incorporation into the MgB2, respectively. Four kinds of B powders of as-received, glycerin treated, 2 h milled and 2 h milled + glycerin treated were prepared. MgB2 bulks were fabricated by an in situ process using the prepared B powders. According to our experimental results, the mechanical ball milling was effective for grain refinement, and a lattice disorder was easily achieved by glycerin addition. It was found that the critical current density (Jc) values were enhanced in the samples with milled B or glycerin-treated B only. In the MgB2 bulk prepared with both milled and glycerin-treated B, the Jc was further increased to 1.27 × 104 A cm−2 at 5 K and 8 T due to a higher grain boundary density and a greater C substitution. The upper critical field and irreversibility field were also further enhanced by a combined treatment process of the B powder.


An offshore Wind Farm is being constructed by the Belgian company C-Power on the Thorntonbank, a 20 km long sand bank in the North Sea located some 30 km off the Belgian coast, near the border with the Netherlands (see figure 1). In total 60 latest generation 5MW wind turbines, bringing the total power capacity of the project to 300 MW, are planned. This project will eventually provide 1000 GW·h of energy, which represents 1/3 of Belgium's 2010 renewable energy target and enough to provide electrical power for 600,000 Belgians for an entire year.


The purpose of this paper is to solve two fundamental tasks, i.e., to design the pipeline model with sufficient adequacy and reproducibility, and to solve the inverse problem for the transition from the experimental data on the magnetic field in the measurement area directly to the pipeline characteristics, which are necessary for mapping pipes location and finding coordinates of welds. The paper presents a mathematical ideal pipeline model in the geomagnetic field without considering the pipe material. The solution of the direct and inverse problems are described, and the directions of the model development and methods of data interpretation are presented.


THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES THE INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE CHOICE OF TRANSPORT POLICIES AND DEFINES THE NEW FACTORS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN THE ORGANIZATION OF A PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORK FOR MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES. THIS WOULD ENSURE A BETTER ADAPTATION OF THE NETWORK TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE PUBLIC. EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN ILLUSTRATING THE FLEXIBILITY OF THIS TYPE OF NETWORK WHICH CAN BE EXTENDED AS THE CITY GROWS.


Objective To evaluate the applicability of several formulas for gluomerular filtration rate(GFR)evaluation based on serum CystatinC(CysC)in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods According to the method of laboratory appliance reseach,three hundred and four hospitalized CKD patients(162 males,142 females,aged from 14-year-old to 80-year-old)in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University hospital dating from October 2010 to October 2011 were selected.


A history of the Lewis Research Center in space fluid management technology program is presented. Current programs which include numerical modeling of fluid systems, heat exchanger/radiator concept studies, and the design of the Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility are discussed. Recent analytical and experimental activities performed to support the Shuttle/Centaur development activity are highlighted.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the direct and indirect relationship between board gender diversity and corporate tax avoidance using corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a mediating variable.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a panel dataset of 200 French firms listed during 2007–2018 period. The direct and indirect effects between board gender diversity (BGD) and tax avoidance were tested by using structural equation model analysis.

Findings
The results indicate that the presence of women on corporate boardrooms negatively affects tax avoidance. The greater the proportion of women in boards, the lower the likelihood of tax avoidance practice. In the mediation test, CSR appears to partially mediate the link between women on boards and corporate tax avoidance. Additional analysis shows that the social dimension of CSR produces this mediating effect.

Practical implications
The results have practical implications for companies in regulating the composition of their boards. To benefit from diversity, firms have to increase women's percentage in their boards of directors. Also, investors are encouraged to pay attention to the percentage of female directors when investing and purchasing shares.

Social implications
This study proved empirically that the higher proportion of female directors significantly reduces the possibility of tax avoidance either directly or indirectly through enhancing CSR performance. The findings show that firms with gender diversified boards are more likely to get involved in CSR for hedging against the potential consequences of aggressive tax avoidance practices. In light of the above results, firms are well-advised to strongly apply the policy encouraging or mandating women as board members to take advantage of their expected benefits.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper consists in proposing the establishment of both direct and indirect relationships between BGD and corporate tax avoidance through CSR. Unlike prior studies that have been examining the direct relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate tax avoidance, this study went further to investigate the indirect relationship between these two constructs. This study also differs from prior studies as it examines the effect of BGD on each of constituting pillars of CSR, namely, environmental, social and governance. To date, an extensive part of CSR research has used the combined score of CSR, but the effects on different CSR pillars remain little investigated.


To write about the modernist novel, as opposed to the Victorian novel, say, or the Edwardian novel, is to write not only about the possibilities of the genre, but about its perceived impossibility. The possibilities were evident enough. From about 1890 to about 1930, the novel was as popular as it had been during the Victorian period, and newly diverse. According to Henry James, in 1899, it was a universally valid form, "the book par excellence"; according to Ford Madox Ford, in 1930, it was indispensable, "the only source to which you can turn to ascertain how your fellows spend their entire lives." And yet there was also a feeling, more prevalent among writers than among critics, that the novel as traditionally conceived was no longer up to the job: that its imaginary worlds did not, in fact, correspond to the way one's fellows spent their entire lives. The feeling was most fully and influentially articulated by T.S. Eliot, when he argued, in "Ulysses, Order and Myth" (1923), that the novel had effectively "ended" with Flaubert and James: that the very formlessness which had once made it the adequate "expression" of a previous age, an age not yet formless enough to require "something stricter," now prevented it from expressing a modernity characterized above all by the loss of form.


Chemistry education has become more important because of
economic, environmental, and social challenges. Society needs a
workforce with generally higher levels of science and
technology literacy for all students and support for highly
gifted individuals. Therefore it is necessary to establish a
new paradigm of science (chemistry) education. Using the
PROFILES-project curricular Delphi study on science education,
we focused on the identification of the views on chemistry
education by stakeholders and what priority should be preferred
in their opinion as a base of a new paradigm.


It has happened much too often that propaganda without the guidance of accepted criteria has seemed to be the chief basis employed in the establishing of a junior college. For several years it has been the privilege of the writer to have been called in by various communities and school officials to study their needs or their problems with reference to the junior college, sometimes to make a study regarding the desirability of establishing a junior college, sometimes to study the wisdom or method of continuing a junior college already established. The chief purpose of such investigations has been to assemble and present the essential facts involved so that the community might employ a factual basis in determining the best course to pursue or the best decision to make. It is most encouraging that, when the facts and conditions have been placed before the people or their representatives in an adequate way, they prove quite competent to consider the relative merits of the problem and reach what usually seems to be the best decision. After carefully considering the desirable features of this type of college, the feasibility of its support, and the further responsibilities attendant upon its establishment, communities have frequently decided that it would be better to defer immediate action and thus avoid the disadvantage of unwarranted haste in establishing a local


Objective To know the HBsAg positive rates and the anti-HBs level of children aged 1-7 years old in Yancheng City,and to evaluate the immune effect since carrying out EPI of Hepatitis B vaccine.Method HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested to the children from 1998 to 2004 of birth by the method of multistage stratified and randomized sampling,and the low response and no response persons among the tested children were boosted with Hepatitis B Vaccine.Results 2477 children aged 1-7 years old were tested and the HBsAg positive rates was 0.61%.The anti-HBs positive rates was 62.4%.The anti-HBs positive rates and GMC in different years old groups had highly significant difference,and they were decreased gradually with the ages increased.When 310 children of low response and no response were boosted with CHO recombinant vaccine(10 μg,20 μg) and recombinant yeast-derived vaccine(5 μg,10 μg),the anti-HBs positive rates and GMC of 20 μg CHO recombinant vaccine were highest,and the anti-HBs positive rates was 96.3% and GMC was 301.65mIU/mL,but 5 μg recombinant yeast-derived vaccine was lowest,and the anti-HBs positive rates was 90.7% and GMC was 203.10 mIU/mL.Conclusion The HBsAg positive rates in Yancheng City was lower averagely than the rates in the whole nation.The anti-HBs positive rates and GMC were decreased gradually with the ages increased.The anti-HBs positive rates aged 3 years old group was decreased to 56.6%.It is necessary that the effect of recombinant yeast-derived vaccine(5 μg) was evaluated further in the children,so that the children in the proper years old was boosted with Genetic Engineering Hepatitis B Vaccines above 10 μg(CHO cells or yeast-derived),and into prevent Hepatitis B at any time.


Magnetic properties of bulk sediment samples taken from three cores from the Scotia Sea, Antarctica were determined using a fully-automated variable field translation balance. Fine-grained detrital magnetite is identified as the principal carrier of remanence in these Upper Quaternary sediments which were deposited under the influence of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Inferred magnetite grain-size is consistent with published bulk grain-size data for these cores. Pseudo-single domain grains characterize Holocene samples, and larger, multi-domain grains occur in glacial samples from two of the cores, whereas samples from the northernmost core site show dominantly multi-domain behaviour.


Uncertain time series is chronological sequence overtime where each period is described by an uncertain variable. In this paper, we investigate the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalized estimation method to determine the unknown parameters in the uncertain autoregressive model, and the autoregressive model order can be simultaneously obtained for a pre-given thresholding parameter λ. Besides, an iterative algorithm based on local quadratic approximations for finding the penalized estimators is provided. Based on the fitted autoregressive model, the forecast value and the future value's confidence interval are given. Besides, the sum of the squared error approach to select the optimal λ is discussed. Finally, some examples are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method by the comparative analysis.


Oliver Maurhart, Christoph Pacher, Chi-Hang Fred Fung, and Momtchil Peev Security & Communication Technologies, Center for Digital Safety & Security, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Donau-City-Str. 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria 2Optical and Quantum Laboratory, Munich Research Center, Huawei Technologies Düsseldorf GmbH, Riesstr. 25-C3, 80992 Munich, Germany *email@example.com , https://sqt.ait.ac.at/software/projects/qkd


Fluorescence near-®eld scanning optical microscopy (FL-NSOM) is used to probe the nanoscale structure in stained phospholipid monolayers deposited on glass substrates at moderate surface pressures. The FL-NSOM images reveal new liquid-expanded (LE) and liquid-condensed (LC) domains, including one-to-one correlation between  ̄uorescence contrast and ®lm topography. In particular, ®lms of the phospholipid DPPC stained with DiIC12 exhibit multilayer structures that are observed within the solid phase domains and have LElike  ̄uorescence signals. These features are attributed to clusters of dye molecules resulting from the localized collapse of the ®lm upon compression. Such collapsed features are also observed in supported ®lms of 100% DiIC12 deposited at high surface pressure. In these ®lms, spatially-resolved spectroscopy shows that the collapsed structures are amorphous based on the  ̄uorescence spectrum while the molecules within the solid phase of the ®lm have a  ̄uorescence spectrum indicative of molecular aggregates. q 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.


1 The cellular events underlying atherosclerosis include the accumulation of lipid‐laden monocytes in the neointima. This process is associated with the expression of adhesion proteins and chemokines by the endothelium, in a manner similar to that seen after the administration of pro‐inflammatory cytokines to endothelial cells. 2 The processes that limit endothelial responses to proinflammatory cytokines are, therefore, the subject of this paper. Evidence is presented that the cytokine TGF‐β exerts a tonic inhibitory influence on endothelial responses. Furthermore, the smooth muscle cells adjacent to endothelial cells have a similar effect to exogenous TGF‐β and this suggests that these two cells form a functional interactive unit. Finally, the atheroprotective lipid fraction, high‐density lipoproteins (HDL), also inhibits endothelial activation. The mechanism of effect of HDL that appears separate from its traditional role in cholesterol transport may yield novel insights into atheroprotection.


Due to the innate weakness of maximum likelihood training, a maximum mutual information based training was introduced into the training of Gauss mixture models(GMMs) and the evolution strategy is applied directly to implement the training. During the evolution the mutual information between the models and the training data is used to evaluate the fitness of an individual. The experimental results indicate that the speaker identification system is superior to the traditional expectution maximization (EM) algorithm.


This study aimed to investigate the influence of calcium and magnesium supplementation on the skewing of sex ratio and placental genes expression in New Zealand White Rabbits. A total of 25 rabbits were allocated to 5 groups; each treatment group was supplemented with Ca and Mg; T1 (0.4% and 0.01%), T2 (0.6% and 0.02%), T3 (0.8% and 0.03%), and T4 (1.0% and 0.04%) respectively, while the C group was provided with regular feed and subjected to three breeding. The T3 group produced a female-biased litter and hence, the F1 female kits (n=12) of T3 and C group was provided same supplementation management. At 21 days of gestation, three animals from each group were sacrificed and placental samples were collected, the remaining animals were allowed for full-term delivery. The selected F1 produced female-biased litter with elevated serum Ca and Mg concentrations and reduced sodium and cholesterol levels. A total of 15 genes related to mineral absorption, placental development and immunity were selected to study the influence of diet on sex and placental gene expression. The expression of genes such as PEG10, SOD1, SLC30A, TLR4, AR, and TRPM6 was high in the treatment placenta compared to the control. RTL1, ESR2, CALM2, and TRPM6 upregulated in the treatment female placenta. The study concluded that the intake of 0.8% Ca and 0.03% Mg could lead to the production of more females and upregulation of some placental genes could serve as the molecular mechanism in response to intake of the minerals and fetal sex.


Cloud computing has changed the whole picture that distributed computing used to present such as  Grid computing, server client computing. Despite Cloud offers great benefits, it also introduces a myriad of security threats to the information and data which is now being ported from on-premises to off-premises. These security threats must be overcome in order to get full benefit from this new computing exemplar. This paper identifies the importance of awareness behaviour in context of information security for cloud. We investigate four important factors of security awareness behaviour that should be considered when organisations intend to improve their security toward cloud computing environment based on awareness-focused programs. Finally we conclude that a well-structured awareness program that positively affect the level of self-efficacy, security practice care behaviour, security awareness technology behaviour and intention will improve the level of total information security in cloud computing environment


Objectives : This study is clinical report of one atopic dermatitis patient with exudate.Methods : We treated a 16-year old woman patient with acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, herbal bath, aroma cream therapy and western medicine. The improvement of the patient was evaluated by SCORAD INDEX and photography.Results : The SCORAD Index score of admission day at hospital was 73.5, and the SCORAD INDEX score of discharge day was 11.4. Amount of exudate and the score of oozing were decreased.Consults : The complex treatments of korean medicine and western medicine was effective to improve of atopic dermatitis patient with exudate. And the influence of weather condition to prognosis of atopic dermatitis with exudate was observated. It is necessary to have more observations and case reports.


The invention relates to the technical field of electric transmission line lightning protection grounding, in particular to a conductive concrete module grounding grid suitable for an electric power pylon. An existing grounding grid is buried in a radiation mode through metal material electrodes, a grounding body is large in occupied land area, and materials are prone to corrosion. Conductive components are mixed into ordinary concrete so that conductive concrete grounding modules can be prefabricated, the conductive concrete grounding modules are arranged around a foundation pit of the electric power pylon in a centralized mode, an electrode outgoing line of each conductive concrete grounding module is connected with a secondary connecting wire in parallel, then, all the secondary connecting wires are connected to a main connecting wire in parallel, and therefore the grounding grid of a parallel type three-dimensional network structure is set up. The conductive concrete module grounding grid has the advantages that the grounding modules are manufactured through the conductive concrete and are distributed in a three-dimensional and parallel mode, the defect that metal electrodes are prone to corrosion and other defects are overcome, the service life of a grounding device is prolonged, manufacturing cost and maintenance expenses are reduced, the conductive concrete module grounding grid is convenient and safe to construct, and meanwhile the occupied land area and the influences on the surrounding environment are reduced.


X-ray drive asymmetry is one of the main seeds of low-mode implosion asymmetry that blocks further improvement of the nuclear performance of "high- foot" experiments on the National Ignition Facility2. More particularly, the P2 asymmetry of Au's M-band flux can also severely in fluence the implosion performance of ignition capsules2. Due to the higher opacity of Uranium than Au at temperatures ~300eV, U hohlraums are being more widely used to achieve high temperature X-ray drives at NIF. Its M-band flux, however, is much harder and more asymmetric than that of Au hohlraums. Here we study the P2 asymmetry of U's M-band flux and its effects on ICF ignition targets, and explore the methods of smoothing Au and /or U M-band flux P2 asymmetries by mid- and/or high-Z dopants in ablator. Our results show (1) mid- or high-Z dopants absorb hard x-rays (M-band flux) and re-emit isotropically, which helps to smooth the asymmetric M -band flux arriving at the ablation front, therefore reducing the P2 asymmetries of the imploding shell and hot spot; (2) the smoothing effect of Ge-dopant is more remarkable than Si-dopant because of its higher opacity in M-band than the latter; and (3) placing the doped layer at a larger radius in ablator is more efficient. Applying this effect may not be a main measure to reduce the low-mode implosion asymmetry, but might be of significance in some critical situations such as Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) experiments very near the performance cliffs of asymmetric x-ray drives.


As the organizer of the trial, the judge's quality is directly associated with the fulfilling of judicial justice. This essay which takes Guiyang as an individual case indicates the current condition that the judges' quality is rather low and analyzes the reasons that cause the problem. It also puts forward some reasonable suggestions for improving the judges' quality. It is necessary to do some research in order to improve the judges' quality of our country.


Cuffless blood pressure monitoring is critical for the prevention and early diagnosis of a wide variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, cuffless blood pressure estimation devices suitable for home healthcare applications still suffer from numerous technological limitations. In this paper, we propose a novel method to continuously estimate blood pressure from the pulse morphology of the photoplethysmographic signals, acquired by a commercial oximeter. We conducted cold-pressor tests for 70 healthy subjects, simultaneously acquiring the photoplethysmograms from the oximeter and the continuous blood pressure from a commercial sphygmomanometer as a reference. The shape of each pulse was extracted, normalized, and regressed with the reference blood pressure using support vector machines. The performance of the regression model for each subject was evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation. Results showed that the predicted values from the regression model were highly correlated with the reference measurements from the commercial device. The mean correlation coefficients were 0.748, 0.754, and 0.775 for systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, respectively. The mean errors were 0.043 mmHg, 0.011 mmHg, and 0.008 mmHg, with standard deviations of 5.001 mmHg, 3.689 mmHg, and 4.140 mmHg for systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures, respectively. These results suggest high feasibility of the proposed method to be employed in wearable medical and home healthcare devices.


Objective To investigate the correlation between serum adiponectin level and severity of coronary artery lesion. Methods The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 112 patients whom had received coronary arteriongraphy (CAG) were measured. Among them,58 cases had acute coronary artery syndromes(ACS)(ACS group), 25 cases had stable angina cordis(stable angina cordis group) and 29 cases had non-coronary disease (control group ). The severity of coronary artery lesion was evaluated by the number of stenosis vessel and Gensini score. All the patients were divided into single vessel lesion group (24 cases),double-vessel lesion group (26 cases ), triple-vessel lesion group (33 cases) by extent of disease; and 0- 1 score group (29 cases),2-20 scores group (28 cases),21-40 scores group (30 cases), >40 scores group (25 cases) by Gensini score. Results The serum concentrations of adiponectin in ACS group were lower than those in control group and stable angina cordis group[(6.43 ± 4.22 ) mg/L vs. ( 12.68 ± 6.47 ), (9.94 ± 8.48 ) mg/L]( P < 0.01 or < 0.05 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in control group were higher than those in single vessel lesion group, double-vessel lesion group and triple-vessel lesion group[( 12.68 ± 6.47 ) mg/L vs. (8.80 ±6.23), (8.04 ±5.93), (6.43 ±5.12) mg/L](P <0.01). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in single vessel lesion group were higher than those in triple-vessel lesion group (P< 0.01 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 0-1 score group[.( 12.68 ±6.47) mg/L]and 2-20 scores group [(8.74 ± 6.68) mg/L]were respectively higher than those in 21-40 scores group[(7.64 ± 5.32) mg/L]and > 40 scores group[(6.32 ± 5.46 ) mg/L](P < 0.01 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin in 21-40 scores group were higher than those in > 40 scores group(P< 0.05 ). The serum concentrations of adiponectin were negatively correlated with the log of Gensini score (r = -0.584,P < 0.01 ). Conclusion The decrease in serum adiponectin might reflect the increase in severity of coronary artery lesion.

Key words:
Coronary disease; Adiponectin; Gensini integration


In Sensor Network, topography and stability of the environment is absolutely important. For stable environment, connectivity and reliability has to be maintained in network communication. Proposed System involves robotic sensor which offers new solutions to maintain connectivity. It includes four phases i) message sharing ii) failure node location identification iii) Selecting highest energy path iv)Moving neighbor nodes using MRSN. Grid based routing algorithm and heartbeat message sharing is developed in the proposed system. Presence of the node is indicated by the heartbeat message. Wireless connection can be established by sensing the heartbeat sharing message. Heartbeat message is shared to the neighbor node to identify if and when the neighbor node fails or is no longer available. Grid based routing algorithm is suitable for location-based application and it is used to restore the network connectivity with efficient time delay. The proposed algorithm is efficient in finding the location of the failure node. The failure node is analyzed by using heartbeat message sharing. An efficient highest energy path is selected to recover from failure. Also in case of cut vertex movement of neighbor nodes by MRSN are used to handle the connectivity restoration problems with minimized message overhead. Proposed work is efficient in avoiding obstacles, and it is efficient in reducing the movement distance in the restoration process.


The distributions for highly volatile financial time-series data are playing an increasingly important role in current financial scenarios and signal analyses. An important characteristic of such a probability distribution is its tail behaviour, determined through its tail thickness. This can be achieved by estimating the index parameter of the corresponding distribution. The normal and Cauchy distributions, and, sometimes, a mixture of the normal and Cauchy distributions, are suitable for modelling such financial data. The family of stable distributions can provide better modelling for such financial data sets. Financial data in high-volatility markets may be better modelled, in many cases, by the Linnik distribution in comparison to the stable distribution. This highly flexible family of distributions is better capable of modelling the inflection points and tail behaviour compared to the other existing models. The estimation of the tail thickness of heavy-tailed financial data is important in the context of modelling. However, the new probability distributions do not admit any closed analytical form of representation. Thus, novel methods need to be developed, as only a few can be found in the literature. Here, we recall a recent novel method, developed by the authors, based on a trigonometric moment estimator using circular distributions. The linear data may be transformed to yield circular data. This transformation is solely for yielding a suitable estimator. Our aim in this paper is to provide a review of the few existing methods, discuss some of their drawbacks, and also provide a universal (∀α∈(0,2]), efficient, and easily implementable estimator of α based on the transformation mentioned above. Novel, circular-statistics-based tests for the index parameter α of the stable and Linnik distributions are introduced and also exemplified with real-life financial data. Two real-life data sets are analysed to exemplify the methods recommended and enhanced by the authors.


The car-following model is one of core models in Advanced Vehicle & Highway Systems (AVHS). The car-following model has been developed in aspects such as human factor and reduction error rates. However, the consideration of safety depending on weather condition has not been completed yet. In this paper, therefore, changes of driving condition for car-following due to different road condition were dealt with, and optimal safety distance corresponding to road condition such as dry, wet and snowy were computed. The GMIT(GM Model with Instantaneous T) model was picked over for simulation of adaptive cruise control applied the suggested optimal safety distance. As the results, the 1.7 times longer safety distance was required for wet road condition than dry road condition, and the 5.6 times longer safety distance was required for snowy road condition.


In this study, Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles are modified with EDTA and used as a selective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ and Cd2+ heavy metals. The Fe3O4@SiO2-EDTA nano composite is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. Nanoparticles are separated by an external magnet after the adsorption process. Adsorption equilibrium is achieved in 60 min, and the maximum removal of metal ions is obtained at pH 7. Isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption data fit well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities are 79.4 and 73.5 mg/g for Cu2+ and Cd2+, respectively. In addition, adsorption kinetic data agree with pseudosecond-kinetic order for both tested metal ions. Also, the adsorption process efficiency is investigated in the presence of K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ cations at the optimal conditions. This study indicates that the Fe3O4@SiO2-EDTA is a rapid, efficient, and reusable sorbent to remove Cd2+ and Cu2+ cations from contaminated aquatic solution.


This paper attempts to establish that integrating author study and language arts instruction is a feasible and effective approach to holistic language development of English majors in freshmen and sophomore classes, and that picture storybook writer/illustrator studies particularly meet the needs of freshmen and sophomore English classes. Then it uses a Maurice Sendak study as an example to discuss how to design an author study. Discussions are devoted to the choice of genre, author and titles,as well as activities and their goals and a detailed agenda on a daily basis.


The spontaneous combustion risk of Jurassic coal in Northwest China is special and different from that of permo-carboniferous coal. TG-FTIR experiments of a typical Jurassic coal sample in north Shaanxi was carried out to identify the grading, gas graduating and oxidation kinetics characteristic, under four heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C·min –1 in an air atmosphere. The coal oxidation process of Jurassic coal at low temperature could be divided into two stages, mass loss stage and mass gain stage. The changing rules of apparent activation energy in the coal oxidation process at low temperature were determined by FWO and Kissinger methods. The model-fitting mathematical approach was used to identify the reaction kinetics mechanism functions at two oxidation stages of Jurassic coal in northwest China.


The design and organisation of this large and richly detailed exhibition is reminiscent of John Claudius Loudon's schemes for public gardens. Like Victorian public museums these were intended to promote that blend of instruction and enjoyment encapsulated in the reformist motto 'rational recreation'. Loudon planned walks for the gathering of information on themes such as natural history and geology from the labelled specimens along the way.·The main part of the exhibition describes the British garden chronologically and is itself laid out as a garden walk with flowers and lawn (both real and artificial), statues, ornaments, seats and bowers. The exhibition is described as a celebration of a thousand years of British gardening. Our knowledge of the first five hundred years is meagre and only a small corner is devoted to its documentation. There is an excellent book of the exhibition edited by John Harris, which is not really a catalogue but a collection of twenty-six informative and beautifully illustrated essays on the various themes of the exhibition. These range from the iconography of the Renaissance garden to the evolution of garden tools. The exhibition has also prompted the publication of a most handsomely illustrated Garden Alphabet} and SAVE's latest candidate for a survival strategy, ElYsian Gardens. * Garden history is a recent subject. The book and the exhibition for the most part escape the limitations of stylistic chronology and antiquarianism. Key events in the history of gardening are related to and used to illuminate broader and better known historical developments. Renaissance pleasure gardens were destroyed by Parliamentarians along with other emblems of monarchy and superstition. During the Commonwealth the ideology of gardening was more secular and utilitarian gardens were appraised as the product of science and honest toil. We are reminded that changes in intellectual outlook are never sudden or complete. John Evelyn wrote Sylva to encourage the planting of timber for naval use but he also believed in astrology and thought that planting should be done at a certain phase of the moon. The inventor of the lawn mower worked in a Stroud woollen factory and based his design on that key


Exercise has been shown to be a beneficiary in pts with systolic heart failure. Yet little data regarding heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) are available. We compare the influence of two exercise modalities on cardiac parameters and functional status in pts with HFPEF.

Methods: 139 pts with HFPEF NYHA IV, 65±12 years (43 female) were randomized to three groups in order to receive resistance (RT, n=47) or aerobic (AT, n=47) training for 4 weeks or passive group (PG, n=45). Medications (ACEI, β-blockers, Ca2+ channel lockers, diuretics) were evenly distributed in groups.

The study started after one week pre-training adaptation. Aerobic training (AT) was performed on treadmill four times per week with 30 min duration (excluding 5 min warm up and cooling down) and 70% maximum oxygen uptake. Resistance training (RT) was implemented as a weight lifting of 10 predetermined exercises of the upper and the lower body (2 set of 10 repetitions) for the same duration and frequency with the intensity of 50% of the one repetition maximum.

EchoCG parameters as EF, indexes of LV EDV, ESV, maximal LA volume (LAVI), E/Em septal, LV diastolic wall strain (DWS) as (PWs – PWd)/PWs, as well as NTproBNP levels were obtained at the onset and the end of the study. Baseline parameters were comparable between groups.

Results: Both exercises interventions significantly improve E/Em and NTproBNP levels compare to baseline and PG end-study parameters which remained unchanged (E/Em: AT 13.9±2.2 vs 11.6±1.3, p<0.05; RT: 13.7±2.1 vs 9.4±1.2, p<0.03; NTproBNP: AT 1592±193 vs 923±62 pg/ml, p<0.05; RT 1587±191 vs 531±37 pg/ml, p<0.02) without changes in EF, EDVI and ESVI. The RT group reduced E/EM, NTproBNP in greater degree compared with AT group (E/Em 11.6±1.3 vs 9.4±1.2, p<0.05; NTproBNP 923±62 vs 531±37 pg/ml, p<0.05). Also in RT group LAVI reduced in a greater degree compare with AT (29±4 vs 34±6, p<0.05) whereas in PG remained unchanged. DWS significantly improved in both AT and RT to a greater degree in RT (0.37±0.3 vs 0.31±0.2, p<0.05) without changes in PG. 37 pts (78%) in RT and 38 pts (80%) in AT improved their functional status compare with baseline as assessed on 9 min self-powered treadmill test peak VO2 consumption (AT: 13.7±1.4 to 18.3±1.6 ml/kg/min, p<0.05; RT: 13.6±1.4 to 18.6±1.7 ml/kg/min, p<0.05).

Conclusion: Both exercise modalities are beneficial in hypertensive pts with HFPEF. RT appears to be a better choice probably because of better improvement of LV diastolic function and alteration of LA remodeling.


We show that in (2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics an external magnetic field applied to a finite density of massless fermions is screened, due to a (2+1)-dimensional realization of the underlying two-dimensional axial anomaly of the space components of the electric current. This is shown to imply screening of the magnetic field, i.e., the Meissner effect. We discuss the physical implications of this result.


The availability of smart phones and the wide spread use of GIS consumer products on smart phones has given rise to a substantial expectation of GIS applications on mobile platforms. This talk examines three of the mobile operating systems (OS) and the GIS development options for those OSs. This talk details our experience with using Google's Android, Microsoft's Phone 7, and Apple's iOS for pervasive and mobile GIS application development. The comparisons of the development environment for the three main smart phone platforms is done by developing similar GIS visualization, data collection, and real-time reporting applications. The talk discusses the development choices for each platform, our choice of the development options for the applications, and the lessons learned from the application development. The talk outlines the pros and cons that were discovered for three mobile platforms for the applications that we developed and discusses the conclusions of the comparison.


Homology groups are important topological invariants of discrete structures. In this paper we present efficient algorithms for the computation of all the homology groups of a structure imbedded in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space, as well as an efficient algorithm for the computation of the $(n - 1)$st homology group of a structure imbedded in an n-dimensional Euclidean space.


A review of issues and controversy surrounding F-ratio denominator degrees of freedom (DDF) in linear mixed models. The presentation will look at the history of denominator degrees of freedom as well survey their use in various statistical packages.


In this letter, we have studied the temperature dependence of retention time of SiGe dot floating-gate flash memory with different tunnel oxide thicknesses, and compared the difference of the activation energy between them. The results showed that the electrons are stored in the deep trap states in semiconductor quantum dot floating gate after programing, and those states are localized at few hundred meV below the semiconductor conduction band.


1 "He talks about music in a way that no one else does; he is never pedantic (hardly!) or even terribly analytical" (Gillespie 69). This quote by Richard Wernick describes the simple, unassuming nature of his dear friend, the revolutionary twentieth century composer, George Crumb. Crumb's unique conception of music pervades his entire compositional voice. As Wernick explains, "When George says, 'gee, garsh, look at how Beethoven does...' it is almost guaranteed that he has perceived something in a way that is original and different" (Gillespie 69). With this in mind, can there be any better way to speak of Crumb's music than to take up the same unassuming approach? His redefining usage of timbre, form, instrumentation, and tonality are most significant because they conjure rich emotional associations. Although a theoretical analysis of Crumb's compositional techniques is useful in determining that none of his striking tonal effects are accidental, the larger scheme of his works reveals the heart of his compositional style. The most characteristic elements within this framework are Crumb's usage of extended performance techniques, the correlation between instrumental and vocal lines, and the repertoire of devices he employs to depict a text or mood. Madrigals, Book I is replete with examples of Crumb's individual style although it has not been as frequently analyzed as, for example, Makrokosmos I and II, Vox Balaenae, and the Vietnam War allegory Black Angels. The chamber set for soprano, vibraphone, and contrabass has a stirring overall effect despite the sparse instrumentation and brevity that make it ideal for concise analysis. "The Madrigals are, like all of Crumb's music, more about meaning than technique" (Walsh 6). This meaning, based on lines of poetry by Frederico García Lorca, is set in a world of mystery and imagination. "Dark and disquieting, (the Madrigals) are music made when reason sleeps" (Walsh 6).The set stems from Crumb's upbringing in the chamber music tradition and his desire to create new methods of expression. His effectiveness as a communicator is surprising given his meek demeanor. "George is a study in contradictions and opposites. Personally he presents himself rather gently, with wit and introspection. Musically, the George one encounters is often unabashedly lyrical and poetic, or, just as often, savage and demanding" (DeGaetani 28). Crumb was born in Charleston,West Virginia on The Radical Compositional Approach of George Crumb in Madrigals, Book I RACHAELE LAMANNA


Zea mays (sweetcorn) seedlingsattain an asymmetricdistributionof the growth hormoneindole-3-aceticacid (IAA)within 3 minutesfollowinga gravitystimulus. Both freeand esterifiedIAA (that is total IAA) accumulateto a greaterextentin the lower halfof the mesocotylcortex of a honzontallyplacedseedlingthanmtheupper half. Thus, changesin the ratio of free IAAto ester IAAcannot accountfor the asymmetncdistribution. Our studiesdemonstratethereis no de novo synthesisof IAA in youngseedlings. Weconcludethat asymmetric IAAdistributionis attainedby a gravity-induced,potential-regulated gating of the movementof IAA from kernel to shootand from stele to cortex. As a workingtheory, whichwe call the PotentialGatingTheory,we proposethat perturbationof the plant'sbioelectricfield, inducedby gravity, causesopeningand closingof transport channelsin the plasmodesmata connectingthe vascularstele to the surroundingcortical tissues. This results in asymmetricgrowthhormonedistributionwhichresults in the asymmetricgrowthcharacteristicof the gravitropic response.


The multiple isomorphous replacement method of determination of non-centrosymmetric crystal structures is the one often used in protein crystallography. For this we require a minimum of three crystals, namely (i) the native protein (ii) the native protein with a group of heavy atoms and (iii) the native protein with a group of heavy atoms at locations different from those in crystal (ii). The isomorphism existing between crystals (ii) and (iii) is called semi-isomorphism. In this paper we derive higher moments of simple functions of normalized X-ray intensities from two semi-isomorphous crystals and show how these can be used to test the isomorphism of the common group of atoms in the two crystals. The theoretical results are also verified using a few hypothetical structures.


When communities are both participants and partners in research, effective human subjects protections must address both individual and group risks. With the introduction of the new National Institutes of Health Roadmap in 2003, there has been a growing emphasis on translational research. Translational research challenges current human subjects protections guidelines that were written in the 1970s and were focused on the protection of the individual participant in a clinical drug trial. Community engagement requires a critical examination of the range of risks that may arise when communities are both participants and partners in research, in order to promote appropriate and effective protection of human subjects as individuals and members of communities. Given that the principal investigator has ultimate responsibility for ensuring the ethical integrity of the research, researchers should be aware of the human subjects protections delineated in the federal regulations that must be fulfilled and the other entities that can help ensure human subjects protections.


Background and Purpose In Norway, as well as other industrialized countries, mortality from stroke has declined over the past decades. Data on stroke morbidity are lacking. This study was conducted to determine the incidence, case fatality, and risk factors of stroke in a defined Norwegian population. Methods During the period 1994 to 1996, a population-based stroke registry collected uniform information about all cases of first-ever and recurrent stroke occurring in people aged ≥15 years in the region of Innherred in the central part of Norway (target population 70 000), where the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors was screened in 1984 to 1986 and 1995 to 1997. Results During the 2 years of registration (September 1, 1994, to August 31, 1996), 432 first-ever (72.8%) and 161 recurrent (27.2%) strokes were registered. The crude annual incidence rate was 3.12/1000 (2.85/1000 for males and 3.38/1000 for females). Adjusted to the European population, the annual incidence rate of first-ever stroke was 2...


Evidence of land use impacts of recent major rapid transit improvements are reviewed and conclusions drawn concerning the extent and nature of such impacts and the conditions under which they have occurred. Transit improvements studied are primarily post-World War II in origin. American and Canadian examples are stressed, although European experience is teated briefly. Virtually all major modern American and Canadian rapid transit investments are included, covering conventional rapid rail, commuter rail, light rail and bus/busway. In addition to conclusions on general patterns of land use impact and causes, research recommendations and Federal policy implications are drawn.


The A' EXperiment (APEX) is designed to search for new vector bosons that have small couplings to charged particles. Such vectors can arise naturally from a small kinetic mixing of a new "dark photon" (A') with the photon - one of the very few ways in which new forces can couple to the Standard Model - and have received considerable attention as an explanation of various dark matter related anomalies. A' bosons are produced by radiation off an electron beam, and could appear as narrow resonances with small production cross-section in the QED e+e− spectrum. We plan to search for an A' using the CEBAF electron beam at energies of 1-4 GeV incident on 0.5-10% radiation length multi-foil tungsten targets, and measure the resulting e+e− pairs using the High Resolution Spectrometers and a septum magnet in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. With a 33-day run, APEX will explore the region 50 MeV < mA′ < 550 MeV with couplings alpha'/alpha down to 10−7. This proceeding summarizes the experiment, test run results, and comment...