Online recommendation systems play critical roles in enhancing user experience by helping them find the most interesting videos from a vast amount of content. However, the existing recommendation modules and video transmission modules in the industry often operate independently, resulting in the recommendation model providing some videos that cannot be transmitted within the specified deadlines successfully. This can lead to an inferior watching experience for users and resource waste for video providers. To address this, we propose a novel framework called NetRec, which for the first time optimizes the recommendation quality by jointly considering the network transmission. We accomplish this by re-ranking the top-N videos obtained from the recommendation system and selecting the top-M (M is approximately half of N) videos that provide the maximum overall revenue, e.g., video playing time while considering the network status. The entire system comprises network measurement, video quality estimation, and multi-objective optimization modules. Real-world Internet results show that our framework can increase users' video playing time by 20% to 160%. Furthermore, we provide several promising directions for further improving the video recommendation quality under our NetRec framework, which jointly considers the network for the recommendation.


Communicating scientific research on social media has become increasingly popular in recent years. While most current studies focus on global science discussed in global platforms, global top research discussed in local social media platforms were seldom studied. Our research collects data from Nature WeChat Official Account, which is one of the most famous global scientific brands in China. Statistical results show that there is very weak negative correlation of usage counts of the same articles with different languages between WeChat and Web of Science(WoS). To better understand what Chinese social media users' interest about global science, the Top100 articles in both platforms are further explored. Our content analysis shows that the articles to highlight the surprising facts of the paper without professional terms in titles are more attractive for local social media users than WoS users. And the agenda settings by WeChat account also have obvious impact on social media users' attention.


Objective To investigate the role of genetic polymorphisms of chromosome 18q11.2 on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Chinese Han population.Methods 578 cases and 756 controls from Jiangsu Province were recruited in this study.Tag single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in the 100Kbp up and down stream of rs4331426 on chromosome 18q11.2 were genotyped by using the TaqMan-based allelic discrimination system.Results Genetic variation of the SNP rs4331426 was rare among Chinese than that in the African population.No significant difference of both genotypes and allele frequencies of selected tag SNPs were found between cases and controls,either before or after adjusting for potential confounders.However,haplotypes we constructed within this block were found to be associated with the altered risks of pulmonary tuberculosis.For instance,haplotypes AG and GA could decrease the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis as compared to the common haplotype AA(rs8087945-rs12456774).The adjusted odds ratio(95% confidence interval) were 0.34(0.28~0.42) and 0.21(0.16~0.28),respectively.Conclusions Susceptibility locus of rs4331426 couldn't be validated in the Chinese Han population.However,haplotypes on chromosome 18q11.2 might contribute to the susceptibility of pulmonary tuberculosis.


The research aims to determine the effect of brand image and service quality to customer loyalty with satisfaction as an intervening variable on the user JNE service in Padang town. The research uses purposive sampling technique. The member of sample used eighty respondent. The type of data used is primary data through questionnaires . Data analysis method used is multilevel regression analysis . Hypothesis testing using t-test statistical test to prove the influence of brand image and service quality to customer loyalty with satisfaction as an intervening variable on the user JNE service in Padang town .The results of this study found that brand image have a significant effect on customer loyalty . Then the brand image and service quality significantly influence customers' satisfaction . Customer satisfaction as an intervening variable does not affect the relationship of brand image and service quality on customer loyalty.Researchers advice to companies in order to further improve the company Parties attention to customers PT.JNE to support customer satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords: Brand image, service quality, costumer satisfaction,costumer loyalty.


A description of the logic circuits goverring the sequence of steps in the operations of the automatic activation analysis system is presented. The automatic system is able to resolve the gamma spectrum of single and mixed radioisotopes with relatively long half lives, with a precision of 10%. A continuing effort through the use of the automatic activation analysis in the area of remote lunar analysis is described. A first generation remote activation analysis system is discussed and the results from the analysis of simulated lunar samples are given. These samples were processed in a geometrical configuration similar to what is expected on actual lunar exploration. (H.G.G.)


Objective:To analyze the radiotherapy results and prognostic factors of the adolescent with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) retrospectively.Methods:From Jan 1990 to Dec 1997,49 patients under 30 years old with NPC were treated in our department,which included 31 males and 18 females with the median age of 23.2 (range between 5 and 30) years.All patients were treated with conventional radiotherapy.Total dose delivered to the primary tumor and metastatic cervical lymph nodes was 44~70 Gy in 5~8 weeks.The dose of normal neck ares was 30~44 Gy in 3~5 weeks.Re- sults:With a median follow-up of 84 (14~152) months,the overall 5-year survival rate was 59.2%.The 5-year survival rates of patients with T_(1-2) and T_(3-4) were 74.1% and 40.9% (P<0.025).The 5-year survival rates of patients with N_(0-1) and N_(2-3) were 81.3% and 48.5% (P<0.05).Conclusion:The radiotherapy can achieve good results in adolescent NPC patients.T and N Stage are important prognostic factors.


ABS TRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of situational anxiety, stress and depression on 24hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorization (ABPM) in patients with hypertension. Material and Methods: Three hundred twenty-six medically treated hypertensive patients were included in the study. According to their 24-hour ABPM results 162 patients were categorized as dipper hypertensives, 164 patients were categorized as non-dipper hypertensives. All patients completed self-report questionnaires which include General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) form TX-I and STAI form TX-II before ABPM. STAI FORM TX-I questionnaire was repeated after ABPM. Results: GHQ and STAI FORM TX-I score of the non-dipper group were statistically significantly higher than the dipper group. Following ABPM, there was a statistically significant decrease in STAI FORM TX-I score in non-dipper group. A positive correlation was found between age and STAI FORM TX-I score (r=0.531, p=0.0001). There were significant differences in GHQ-12 and STAI FORM TX-I scores among groups according to education level (F=6.175, p=0.003 and F=5.877, p=0.003, respectively). Post hoc analysis revealed that the significance was due to the differences between group 3 (university level) and group 1 and 2 (elementary school and high school level). STAI FORM TX-I scores of the patients differed significantly in terms of their socioeconomic status (F=5.9701, p=0.003). Patients with higher socioeconomic status had lower STAI FORM TX-I scores compared to the middle and poor socioeconomic status. Conclusion: Situational anxiety, especially in elderly, poor and lower-educated patients might be a factor for non-dipping phenomenon.


Two related topics are studied in this paper—profit measurement and fair premium calculation. To measure profits created by a policy during its life time, we compare its ending assets, after all losses, expenses and taxes are paid, with a breakeven value. Fair premium is so calculated as to make the market value of ending assets zero. Both the breakeven ending assets and fair premium are calculated under market equilibrium conditions, and are given in closed-form formulas. The breakeven value of ending assets is a crucial link between profit measurement and pricing, and between loss discount rates and the cost of capital. It also used to measure profit generated by policies separately from that generated by capital investment.


This study was carried out over the experimental fields of Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture Gümüşdere Campus. Experiments were conducted with 3 different irrigation water salinity levels (S1=0.25 dS/m – control/tap water, S2=1.5 dS/m, S3=3.0 dS/m) and 4 different leaching ratios (LF1=10%, LF2 =20%, LF3 = 35%, LF4=50%) in randomized plots factorial experimental design with 3 replications. Totally, 36 (3×4×3) lysimeters were used in present experiments. Plant height, fresh and dry herbage yield and total ash content of alfalfa plants were analyzed. With increasing salinity levels, plant height, fresh and dry herbage yields decreased and total ash contents increased. Positive effects of leaching applications were observed, but this effect was not found to be significant. The main reason for this situation may be the necessity of a good drainage system for a good leaching application.


This paper presents a new exact algorithm for finding two node-disjoint paths of minimum total weight in optical switched networks with wavelength-continuity constraint. Unlike previous heuristic algorithms developed for this purpose, our algorithm is not based on the Suurballe algorithm. Instead, it is based on Dijkstra algorithm modified to work on a dual path. We show that our algorithm can find optimal node-disjoint paths in much smaller time than using an exact ILP algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation results.


In microgravity, atoms can be prepared to a lower temperature and manipulated with a longer time. The Cold Atom Physics Research Rack (CAPR) in Chinese Space Station, which aims to prepare quantum degenerate gas for deep cooling and quantum simulation in microgravity, has been designed, realized, and validated. We built an integrated CAPR, consisting of a physical system, an all-fiber 780 nm laser system and a low phase noise 1064 nm fiber laser system, and an electrical driving and controlling system. With the CAPR, a 87Rb quantum degenerate gas with 1.2 × 105 atoms and a temperature below 30 nK was achieved on ground. In this article, we also show the robustness of the rack, based on the experimental results before and after the simulation of the vibration and impact during the launch.


This study examined the associations between mothers' predisposition to show rejection sensitivity and children's cognitions regarding peer rejection and their social self-perceptions. It also explored whether these associations were mediated by mothers' behaviors in situations that might suggest their children were rejected by peers. Participants were 122 Jewish Israeli mothers and their kindergarten children (50.82% female; MChild age in months = 67.52, SD = 6.35). Mothers completed the Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire and reported their likely behaviors in scenarios suggesting the rejection of their children by peers. Children were interviewed using the response evaluation scale for the rejection stories in the Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version and the peer acceptance subscale of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Results revealed indirect links between mothers' rejection sensitivity and children's maladaptive response evaluations and lower social self-perceptions, through fewer supportive maternal behaviors. These findings highlight the need to consider parents' dispositions and behaviors in the context of their children's peer interactions for a more complete understanding of the development of children's social competence.


Abstract It is shown that a probability measure on a homogeneous space Γ\G which is invariant under a subgroup H < G which is epimorphic in a subgroup L < G is invariant under L. When L = G we obtain a subgroup H such that for any lattice Γ < G its action on Γ\G is uniquely ergodic.


Extreme value modelling is widely applied in situations where accurate assessment of the behavior of a process at high levels is needed. The inherent scarcity of extreme value data, the natural objective of predicting future extreme values of a process associated with modelling of extremes and the regularity assumptions required by the likelihood and probability weighted moments methods of parameter estimation within the frequentist framework, make it imperative for a practitioner to consider Bayesian methodology when modelling extremes. Within the Bayesian paradigm, the widely used tool for assessing the fitness of a model is by using posterior predictive checks (PPCs). The method involves comparing the posterior predictive distribution of future observations to the historical data. Posterior predictive inference involves the prediction of unobserved variables in light of observed data.. This paper considers posterior predictive checks for assessing model fitness for the generalized Pareto model based on a Dirichlet process prior. The posterior predictive distribution for the Dirichlet process based model is derived. Threshold selection is done by minimizing the negative differential entropy of the Dirichlet distribution. Predictions are drawn from the Bayesian posterior distribution by Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (Metropolis-Hastings Algorithm). Two graphical measures of discrepancy between the predicted observations and the observed values commonly applied in practical extreme value modelling are considered, the cumulative distribution function and quantile plots. To support these, the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of model efficiency, a numerical measure that evaluates the error in the predicted observations relative to the natural variation in the observed values is used. Finite sample performance of the proposed procedure is illustrated through simulated data. The results of the study suggest that posterior predictive checks are reasonable diagnostic tools for assessing the fit of the generalized Pareto distribution. In addition, the posterior predictive quantile plot seems to be more informative than the probability plot. Most interestingly, selecting the threshold by minimizing the negative differential entropy of a Dirichlet process has the added advantage of allowing the analyst to estimate the concentration parameter from the model, rather than specifying it as a measure of his/her belief in the proposed model as a prior guess for the unknown distribution that generated the observations. Lastly, the results of application to real life data show that the distribution of the annual maximal inflows into the Okavango River at Mohembo, Botswana, can be adequately described by the generalized Pareto distribution.


The article offers a comparative analysis of Ovid's stories of Narcissus and Pygmalion. The analysis highlights the intertextual link between the two narratives, and uses it as the basis for comparison, focusing on the single aspect: who creates what, and how. The paper concludes that what is at stake in the two texts at a fundamental level can be found in the sphere of aesthetics


In this paper, based on the recently introduced concept of time‐varying media, an alternative approach is presented for controlling the compression ratio of an optical pulse in the near‐infrared regime via two all‐dielectric transmissive metasurfaces consisting of a zigzag array of silicon‐based elliptical nanodisks. Upon introducing in‐plane asymmetries and under normal incidence, the supported symmetry‐protected bound‐state in the continuum resonant mode collapses into two Fano resonances, which can be spectrally overlapped to satisfy the first Kerker's condition. To acquire an amplified signal, the desired chirp is applied to the incident pulse via a purely temporal waveform that modulates the optical response of the first layer, while the required group delay dispersion is imparted to the phase‐modulated pulse by the second metasurface in order to compress its temporal distribution. Following such a configuration, the temporal duration of the output pulse decreases from 25 to 15 ps, leading to a peak intensity enhancement of 50%. On account of time‐varying features of the first metasurface, the instantaneous frequency of the chirped light can be controlled dynamically, giving rise to the active tuning of the peak intensity from 0% up to 200%.


In this paper we establish existence and uniqueness for bounded weak solutions of an elliptic-parabolic Neumann problem. We also describe the asymptotic behavior as t —> oo.


To study the effects of Tempering process at different temperature on the mechanical properties of medium carbon steel. These standard specimens were examined at 1000 0 C temperatures and soaking for 2 hours in a muffle furnace and quenched in oil. Then these specimens were carried out for Universal Izod testing machine for toughness, Rockwell hardness method for hardness testing and universal tensile testing machine for tensile test. After testing of the specimens, the hardness and tensile strength and yield strength was decrease and proportionally elongation, ductility and toughness increase. So it improved mechanical properties of medium carbon steel and modified by tempering process. The medium carbon steel is used at different purpose and application as per the requirement. Tempering is Heat treatment processes which can change and improve mechanical properties of medium carbon steel. KeywordsTempering process, Hardness, Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Toughness, Medium carbon steel I. INTRO DUCTION This brief g lossary of heat-treating terms has been adopted by the American Foundry men's Association, the American Society for Metals, and the American Society for Testing and the Society of Automotive Engineers [1].Heat treatment is a process to change certain characteristics of metals and alloys in order to make them more suitable for a particular kind of applicat ion [2] by controlling the rate of d iffusion and the rate of cooling within the microstructure by changing the molecular arrangement and grain size at d ifferent phases of a material [3].Heat treatment is the term used for any process employed which changes the physical and somet imes chemical properties of a metal by either heating or cooling[4].Heat treatment techniques include annealing, case hardening, precip itation strengthening, tempering and quenching[5, 6]. Heat treating can modify mechanical p roperties such as strength, hardness, ductility, toughness, an d wear and corrosion resistance [4, 6, 7]. The large number of service requirements and amount of alloys available make fo r a considerable variety of heat treating operations. Steel can be treated by intense heat to give it different properties of hardness and softness [4, 7]. Th is depends on the amount of carbon in the steel like in Mild steel up to 0.4% carbon, in Medium carbon steel up to 0.8% carbon, and in High Carbon Steel up to 2% carbon [4, 5, 7].Mild steel and medium carbon steel do not have enough carbon to change their crystalline structure and consequently cannot be hardened and tempered. Medium carbon steel may become slightly tougher although it cannot be harden to the point where it cannot be filed or cut with a hacksaw (the classic test of whether steel has been hardened) [4].If steel is heated until it g lows red and is quenched in clean water immediately, it becomes very hard but also brittle. But, if the red hot steel is allowed to cool slowly, the resulting steel will be easier to cut, shape and file as it will be relat ively soft. However, the industrial heat treatment of steel is a very complex and precise science [6]. Bolts, rods, crankshafts, Axles, gears and tunings in the automotive industry are generally made by medium carbon steel [8]. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Most widely used engineering metals and alloys are the ferrous metals and their alloys in form of wrought iron, cast iron, carbon steels, alloys steels etc. steel is malleable alloy of iron and carbon [9]. Two d ifferent grades of Steel (one with copper and another without copper) have been used .Current work reports and analyze result of mechanical testing performed on various heat treated samples of two grades of steel. The samples are tempered at 200°C, 400°C and 600°C for 1 hr. Heat treated samples were then mechanically tested for hardness (Rockwell) ,tensile propert ies (ultimate Strength, ductility) and the microstructure, The comparison of mechanical properties and microstructure of two grades of steel has also been studied. The results revealed that steel with copper has high hardness, ultimate tensile strength and low ductility [10].The steel was heated to the austenizing temperature of 830 0 C. The steel was then rapidly quenched in water and tempered at 480 0 C. The result shows that the steel developed has excellent combination of tensile strength, impact strength and ductility which is very attractive for structural use [ 1].Quenched part has to be tempered, so as to impact some toughness and ductility. The reports and analyses results of mechanical testing was performed on variously heat treated medium carbon steel samples, to arrive at an optimum heat treatment strategy for judicious combination of hardness and tensile properties. The optimum heat t reatment strategy was found to be at tempering temperature o f 250oC for well balanced mechanical properties [11].The best combination o f hardness, strength, toughness and strain to fracture was achieved with the use of an initial co ld ro lling and two cycles of inter crit ical annealing at 770 0 C[12] .The conditions International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development (IJAERD) Volume 2,Issue 2, February -2015, e-ISSN: 2348 4470 , print-ISSN:2348-6406 @IJAERD-2015, All rights Reserved 186 of heat treatment consisted of isothermal quenching of the specimens to a temperature range of 250 to 550°C, where they were held fo r 600 and 1800 s. Increasing the carbon concentration to 0.55% in TRIP-type steels makes possible to obtain very high strength properties without a deterioration of the ductility. The retained austenite of the 19% volume fraction can be obtained after the isothermal quenching of the steel to a temperature of 250°C [ 13].Samples of medium carbon steel were examined after heating between 900oC980oC and soaked for 45 minutes in a muffle furnace before quenching in palm o il and water separately. This behaviour was traced to the fact that the carbon particles in palm oil quenched samples were more uniform and evenly distributed, indicating the formation of more pearlite structure, than those quenched in water and the as-received samples [14].Representative samples of as-ro lled medium carbon steel were subjected to heat treatment processes which are; Quenching, Lamellae Format ion and Tempering in the following order (Q + Q + L + T), (Q + L + T) and (L + T). The steel was heated to the austenizing temperature of 830 °C and water quenched. Mechanical tests were carried out on the samples and the results shows that the steel developed has excellent combination of tensile strength, hardness and impact strength which is very good for structural applicat ions [2]. III. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Tempering process Martensite formed during the quenching process is extremely hard and brittle, and lacks toughness. Thus these steels are not suitable for some application requiring impact resistance. Hence, a secondary heat treatment process called ̳Tempering' is carried out on quenched steels, to achieve the necessary toughness an d ductility by marg inally sacrificing hardness. This process also relieves the internal stress es thus improving the ductility [15]. First, the metal substrate is heated to the whole work piece to a specific area. This focus area will becomes red or white-hot before long. The hardness of the metal lessens while the toughness increases. Once the work piece has been adequately heated, it is cooled in water. Steam exhausts from the heated work piece, and the metal grows incredibly brittle . This process is fast process and quick cooling will result in brittle metal. Next, the cooled metal is reheated and concentrated directly on the focus area. The heated metal is p laced on a steel surface to cool in furnace. The piece cools by heat transfer from the work piece to the steel surface metal. Once this piece is completely cool, the piece has increased toughness and is considered tempered. The in itial heating stage, it creates austenite which is the combination of iron and carbon. When steel gets above a certain temperature (730°C), it becomes austenite. When the austenite steel is submerged in water, or quenched, it becomes martensite. Martensite is a hard and brittle crystalline structure so it reheated to reduce the hardness [16]. B. Chemical composition The materials used for this research work are Medium carbon steel with the chemical composition shown in Table 1 Table 1. Chemical composition of the medium carbon steel sample Element C Si S P Mn Ni Cr Mo Fe Avg. content 0.35 0.20 0.04 0.03 0.70 0.08 0.05 0.01 Rest of Fe (Balanced) C. Mechanical properties testing methods 1. Rockwell Hardness Testing: Hardness is a characteristic of a material, not a fundamental physical p roperty. It is defined as the resistance to indentation, and it is determined by measuring the permanent depth of the indentation. More simply put, when using a fixed force (load) and a given indenter, the smaller the indentation, the harder the material. Indentation hardness value is obtained by measuring the depth or the area of the indentation using one of over 12 d ifferent test methods. The Rockwell method measures the permanent depth of indentation produced by a force/load on an indenter. First, a preliminary test force (commonly referred to as preload or minor load) is applied to a sample using a diamond indenter. This load represents the zero or reference position that breaks through the surface to reduce the effects of surface finish. After the preload, an addit ional load, call the major load, is applied to reach the total required test load . This force is held for a predetermined amount of time (dwell time) to allow for elastic recovery. Th is major load is then released and the final position is measured against the position derived from the preload, the indentation depth variance between th e preload value and major load value. This distance is converted to a hardness number [17]. 2. Universal testing machine: Te


Abstract : This report presents a semi-empirical (non-Gaussian) model for the obscurants that may be generated by military activity. These include smoke and obscuring aerosol munitions, dust clouds generated by non-nuclear explosive munitions, and dust generated by military-like vehicles. The field data and some laboratory experiments are discused, and numerous validations are provided.


Technological gadgets, methods, and accomplishments that make use of the most recent and advanced IT advances are examples of cutting-edge technology. "Cutting edge" is a term commonly used to describe the most advanced and forward-thinking companies in the IT industry. The term "cutting-edge technology" is used to describe the most advanced and up-to-date technological features, as opposed to "bleeding-edge technology," which is so novel that it presents risks to consumers. While the term "technology" is most often associated with computer and electronic devices, it can refer to advancements in virtually any field. The author of this paper has properly cited the most up-to-date cutting-edge research.


Abstract:This article argues that Romance in Marseille marks a significant shift in Claude McKay's approach to primitivism, one that necessitates a reconsideration of his reputation—based on his two novels of the late 1920s—as perhaps the Harlem Renaissance's foremost proponent of "strategic primitivism." Tracing the development of McKay's primitivism from Home to Harlem (1928) and Banjo (1929) to his most recently published novel, this essay suggests an evolution along philosophical, political, and stylistic lines. Romance in Marseille deconstructs the primitive/civilized binary, forgoing the antiracist potentialities of primitivism for the utopian possibilities of international Marxism, interracial collaboration and queer love.


The determination of the single scattering phase functions of Jupiter's clouds and a thin upper haze by Tomasko et al. was refined and extended to seven latitudes in blue and red light. The phase function is well-constrained by the Pioneer 10 and 11 photometric data sets. Multiple scattering models were computed to match the limb darkening at each latitude at up to 15 phase angles from 12 deg to 151 deg. Ground-based observations were used for absolute calibration and to extend the data to lower phase angles. The phase functions were parameterized using the double Henyey-Greenstein function. The three Henyey-Greenstein parameters and the single scattering albedo were determined using a non-linear least squares method for the haze and the clouds below. The phase functions derived for the northen zone and belt are remarkably similar to the phase functions of the corresponding regions in the south, with most of the differences in brightness of the northern and southern features resulting from minor differences in single scattering albedo. Analysis of the Equatorial Region is complicated by the presence of numerous small features, but the phase function required is generally similar to that seen in the more homogeneous regions. Details of the phase functions of the haze and clouds are presented, and the differences between the cloud phase functions at low and high latitudes in red and blue light are discussed.


One useful automatic wiring machine to which terminals easily connected to the head and a manufacturing method for producing a high at the terminals of the magnetic head supporting substrate. In the magnetic head, a pair of conductive portion of the core (2, 3) formed on a surface of the binding and protrude therefrom. Cutting the conductive portion in the thickness direction, as the resulting cutting surface terminals (17, 18).


With only 3,200 tigers left in the wild, protecting the remaining habitat of this big cat is critical to preventing extinction. However, human overpopulation is putting pressure on these remaining fragments like never before, resulting in habitat loss and poaching. India, the country that holds more than half of the world's remaining tigers, is also the second most populous nation on earth. GIS was used to (clockwise from right) present an overview of all Tiger Conservation Landscapes (TCLs) in India compared with major cities, demonstrate the pressures surrounding three TCLs in the Bay of Bengal area as a case study, and show how many cities are within 50 miles of a TCL. Using this information, conservationists and government officials can prioritize which TCLs to protect when planning infrastructure and development projects in such a way that these sanctuaries are not encroached upon, as well as work on preserving and creating corridors of habitat between the different TCLs to allow for gene flow and combat inbreeding. A TCL is defined as "a block or cluster of blocks of habitat meeting a minimum size threshold specific to habitat-type, where tigers have been present in the last 10 years and are not known to be extirpated". The NGO Panthera defines the different types of TCL classes as follows: • Global Priority: Highest probability of persistence of tiger populations over the long term. • Regional Priority: Moderate probability of persistence of tiger populations over the long term. • Long-term Priority: Questionable persistence of tiger populations over the long term. • Insufficient Data: Insufficient information to make a determination of the conservation priority of the habitat area. Population Pressures on Tiger Habitat in India By: Andrew Ireland Cities within 50 Miles of TCLS


In future UAV-based services, UAV fleets will be managed by independent service providers in shared low-altitude airspace. Therefore, Conflict Detection and Resolution (CDR) methods that solve conflicts, i.e. possible collisions, between UAVs of all service providers are a key element of the Unmanned Aircraft System Traffic Management (UTM) system. We present a top-to-bottom algorithmic system with an extension to UAV operations of ORCA, a state-of-the-art algorithm in robotics. Then, using extreme-conflict situations, we empirically determine optimal parameter values for our adapted ORCA, and we observe a better performance compared to the standard use of ORCA. Finally, using realistic UAV traffic situations for delivery, we perform extensive simulations to study the potential occurrence and distribution of collisions, and to assess safety parameters for CDR.


The formation constants of the complexes of D-, L-, DL-, and meso-tartaric acid (H2L) with the hydrogen ion and the oxovanadium(IV) cation, [VO]2+, have been measured potentiometrically at 25.0 °C and I= 0.10 mol dm–3(K[NO3]). The enthalpy changes on formation of the protonated tartaric acids have been measured calorimetrically under identical conditions. The existence of binuclear complexes of both optically active and, to a lesser extent, meso-tartaric acids with [VO]2+ has been confirmed. With active tartaric acids the major species at pH >6 is [(VO)2{D(or L)-L}2H–4]4–, but with meso-tartaric acid this species is of minor importance as a result of conformational differences. The binuclear complex [(VO)2(D-L)(L-L)H–4]4– is significantly more stable than [(VO)2-(D-L)2H–4]4–. This may be explained as resulting from conformational differences.


Glucose Oxidation Using Oxygen Resistant Pyranose-2Oxidase for Biofuel Cell Applications Samet Sahin*, Thanyaporn Wongnate, Pimchai Chaiyen, Eileen H. Yu* Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, NE1 7RU, UK Department of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence in Protein Structure and Function Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand. firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com


for accompaniment by strings, the more remarkable ensembles are Vejvanovský's serenades and balletti for strings with trumpets and piffari. Pavel Vejvanovský and the Kroměříž Music Collection is a conventional archival study supplemented with musically sensitive analyses—in other words, it is precisely what its subject requires. It is also a labor of love, with clear facsimile reproductions and color photographs taken by its author. There are some infelicitous signs of revision from previous work, with unnecessarily repeated sequences of information, but these should be placed on the balance sheet against a remarkably idiomatic translation no more given to error than most anglophone academic presses. Without the Kroměříž collection, we would have markedly less documentation than we do of the Imperial Hofkapelle and of music in Salzburg during the last half of the seventeenth century—and thus we would have to leave very much more of our understanding of that century's Italian musical migration northward, to say nothing of its interaction with the northern sensibilities it encountered, to the orbit of Paris and Versailles. Vejvanovský and Biber are incalculably valuable examples of that interaction, the rediscovery of which furthered here, has altered our perceptions of Central-European Catholic Baroque culture. Author, press, and translator deserve our gratitude.


Three experimental poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers have been spun and then drawn at three different temperatures(70°C, 90°C, and 110°C) in such a way that the drawn fibers possess different orientations and crystallinities but retain the same diameters. Wide angle X-ray diffraction and birefringence measurements have been used to characterize orientation and crystallinities of the fibers. The influence of fine structure on the torsional fatigue behavior of the melt spun and drawn PET fibers has been studied by subjecting them to 1.7 Hz torsional cyclic deformation at various amplitudes. Fracture morphology was found to be strongly influenced by the degree of orientation and crystallinity. Highly oriented and crystalline structures tended to separate into a highly fibrillated structure. Fibers of low draw ratio exhibited initial deterioration of the surface structure with the generation of transverse cracks (perpendicular to the fiber axis). Subsequent torsional loading of the structure generated an increase in longitudinal cracks which finally resulted in the catastrophic failure of the fiber. The extent of fibrillation was found to be a function of draw ratio (orientation) and crystallinity. The amplitude of torsional strain was also found to have an effect on the intensity of fibrillation and the number of cycles to fiber failure.


In their report "Radiation tolerance of complex oxides" (4 Aug., p. [748][1]), Sickafus and colleagues note in the last paragraph "that compounds with the fluorite structure are especially stable in a displacive radiation damage environment," and they propose that complex oxides that have a


This paper explores the origin, contextualization and the various interpretations of the concept of multifunctionality with specific reference to agricultural and rural policy development in Ireland. The literature indicates that there are a multiplicity of interpretations of the term itself which are used to support specific perspectives, ranging from agricultural protectionism to its conceptualization as a vehicle for a more sustainable agriculture and rural development. It is argued that, in Ireland, a rural development construct similar to one of the current interpretations of multifunctionality has existed since the 1960s, but its subsequent development has been impeded by the adjustments necessary to conform to mainstream EU agricultural policies. While aspects of multifunctional agriculture have emerged in Ireland in recent years (environmental quality, pluriactivity, agri-tourism, forestry and artisanal food production), public policy has had a mixed impact on their evolution and development. Ambivalence remains in agricultural and rural policy which simultaneously exhorts farmers to meet the growing demands from society for the "non-productive" functions of agriculture while also advocating measures to improve competitiveness in a more globalized market. Notwithstanding the ideological primacy and electoral importance attributed to the small farm sector in Ireland, it is the competitiveness agenda which has gained most from policy reforms to date. The fragmented and intermittent nature of policy support directed at a sub-set of multifunctional activities suggests they are viewed as a 'palliative'—i.e. a means by which less-competitive producers can survive a hostile market. The shift towards a 'decoupled' agricultural support environment will provide added scope for a more comprehensive conceptualization of multifunctionality but will require significant adjustments to existing administrative structures and institutional arrangements.


Internationalization can play a pivotal role in the success of small firms. This learning project was aimed at upper-level undergraduate or graduate students studying international business or internationalization. Acting as consultants and project managers, students were required to identify and address potential opportunities and challenges for small firms in the internationalization process. The project combined classroom learning with a field trip to enable students to contextualize their theoretical knowledge. The project spanned three weeks, with tasks before, during, and after the field trip. Working in teams, students developed cultural, social, and creative problem-solving competencies. A local microbrewery was selected as the context in which to implement this project. However, the project's principles could be applied to various regional and local small businesses that produce specialized craft products.


Between 1990 and 1995 in Australia, the use of abdominal hysterectomy decreased from 78 to 57% of all hysterectomies. This was due to an increase in the use of vaginal hysterectomy from 22 to 35% and the introduction of laparoscopic hysterectomy, which accounted for 8% of cases in 1994–95. Surgeons skilled in hysterectomy techniques perform abdominal hysterectomy in less than 10% of cases, because of their high rates of use of vaginal or laparoscopic hysterectomy or of both. At 4–8%, general utilization of laparoscopic hysterectomy is low in the UK, USA and Australia, and limitations in learning laparoscopic hysterectomy technique are evident. Strategies to simplify the technique have developed but their general application has yet to be demonstrated.


Ralph swallowed the last of the beer, then tipped the can upside-down and caught the last few drops like snowflakes on his tongue. He crushed the can between his palms and tossed it over his shoulder, where it landed with a tinny clatter among the growing mounds of trash under the trailer. He stood and stretched, his joints cracking and popping the way they always did after a coast to coast haul. He bent to stroke his beagle's smooth head. "What do you think, Tripod?" he asked the small threelegged dog. "It'll be dark soon. Time to get started?" Tripod stood and shook, then hopped over to the large plywood sign, "Deer Meat—Cut & Wrapped," leaving behind a brief yellow streak on the faded white paint. Not much point leaving the sign up anymore, Ralph thought. His deer-cutting sideline pretty much disappeared not long after Millie. Ralph tried freeing the sign, but it held firm, so he left it. The last slice of sun disappeared behind a distant hillside, the sky glowing angrily crimson. It was strangely quiet, Ralph thought, for such a pleasant fall evening. There were no buzzing chain saws cutting firewood for winter, no whining dirt bikes or four-wheelers. A silver truck chugged up the gravel road, followed by clouds of swirling dust. As it neared the trailer, the driver sped up, turning his head to look at anything but Ralph. Before his Millie disappeared, Ralph remembered, the neighbors would visit from time to time or wave as they passed. They had all adored Millie, called her a saint. Ralph laughed bitterly at the thought, remembering how he'd met Millie at a Cleveland truck stop where she'd worked as a Lot Lizard, as the truckers called them. Thirty bucks a pop. Mother Nature had been kinder to Millie than was to most. The extra pounds put on those first few years they were married made her look womanly instead of girlish, and she looked better scrubbed clean than she did tarted up. Millie eased into her new life. She clipped


Abstract The complex polymorphic behaviour of four syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) samples have been analysed by means of DSC and WAXD techniques. Two samples (sPP1, sPP2) were synthesised via metallocene polymerization by using the ansa-zirconocene Ph2C(Cp)(9-Flu)ZrCl2 as catalyst. Finally, two additional specimens with different molar masses (sPP1-Fr1, sPP1-Fr2) were prepared from the most syndiotactic sPP1 sample by temperature gradient extraction. The WAXD analysis shows that together with the orthorhombic form I, form II can coexist in a variable but small proportion depending on both the chain features and the processing conditions. The relative contribution of the disordered and the ordered types of form I is also dictated by molar mass, configurational microstructure as well as processing conditions. The observed changes in the thermal properties as measured by DSC and in the mechanic-dynamical relaxations of the samples, on slowing the crystallisation rate down, can be rationalised in terms of two concurrent processes, namely the perfection undergone by the crystals and the segregation of the amorphous phase.


The present invention relates to a method of obtaining a liquid wild ginseng extract having the increased active component content and a wild ginseng having the improved storing properties to be stored for a long time at the same time. The method for obtaining a liquid wild ginseng extract and a wild ginseng at the same time according to the present invention comprises the steps of: pressing a wild ginseng vacuum packed with water by 200-400 Mpa for 7-13 minutes; pressing the treated wild ginseng by 0.05-1.50 Mpa for 3-7 minutes to obtain a wild ginseng processed product; and separating a liquid wild ginseng extract and the wild ginseng from the wild ginseng processed product.


In our previous study of the HNO* (1A″) luminescence in gaseous mixtures of H2, NO, and Hg illuminated by intensity‐modulated 253.7 nm light, we have observed two distinct rates of luminescence decay. Involvement of two distinct HNO* precursors, presumably H atoms and HgH radicals, was therefore indicated. The slower of the two luminescence decay rates provided the 298 K value of the rate of reaction H+NO+M→HNO+M, for M=H2. In the present study a more detailed analysis has been made of the potential effects of secondary processes in this reaction system on the measured values of the rate constants. It has been found that intensity of luminescence is approximately proportional to mole fraction of H2 and inversely proportional to total pressure and the interference from secondary processes is at a minimum at large NO mole fractions or high total pressures. Under these conditions the following values of the rate constants were obtained at 298 K: kH+NO+H2=1.55×1010 and kH+NO+NO=1.91×1010 l2 mol−2 s−1; i.e., N...


Authors analyzed practice of formation of anti-corruption policy, development in theRussian higher education institutions. The theoretical approaches to concept of the academic corruption are for this purpose generalized considering corruption as: illegal act of the particular person allocated with a certain status in the educational environment; form of economic behavior of the subject of educational process; the certain norm approved by society enshrined in conditions of vacuum of traditional values at teachers and students. As a result, the conclusion about need of an integrated approach not only to understanding, but also to the counteraction of corruption in the educational environment including both measures of preventive character, and regulatory measures is drawn. Authors carried outthe comparative analysis of anti-corruption programs and the plans of the Russian educational institutions for definition of the optimum directions of anti-corruption activity.


In this study, we used a citrate reduction method and electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to prepare hybrid nanocrystalline TiO2/Au films and applied it to the photoelectrode of dye-sensitised solar cell. The films and solar cells were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), I-V characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. In the FE-SEM analysis, TiO2/Au hybrid layers have the porous structure that is advantageous in the dye-loading capacity. The results of EDX reveal that the TiO2/Au hybrid layer contains 0.28 wt% gold nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the TiO2/Au hybrid films contain TiO2 anatase and rutile phase, and Au peaks. Under sunlight simulator (AM 1.5 100 mW/cm2) illumination, the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitised solar cell with TiO2/Au hybrid layer is obviously higher than that of TiO2 film. In the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ...


Although much research exists on scaffolding in reading instruction, confusion about the construct persists. In this commentary inspired by a recent article in Reading Research Quarterly, we argue for the importance of contingency—that is, responsiveness to student thinking—in reading comprehension scaffolding. We begin by defining two sometimes nebulous constructs: scaffolding and comprehension. We then argue that the dynamic, contextual, and affective nature of comprehension calls for a focus on contingency in scaffolding interactions because the requisite assumptions of preplanned scaffolding can obscure students' emergent comprehension. To focus on contingency, three implications for research follow. First, research designs could separate interactional scaffolding from planned scaffolding so as to directly investigate the construct. Second, collaboratively analyzing video data of scaffolding interactions is an effective tool for teacher educators and researchers. Finally, researchers should consider refining, building on, or comparing their findings with existing frameworks to illuminate both the transferable and the idiosyncratic dimensions of contingent scaffolding. This could also include studying students' discursive moves in addition to teachers' utterances, which might offer a new lens on how teachers adjust scaffolds in moment-to-moment interactions. These implications lay a foundation for a research agenda that goes beyond assumptions about students built into planned scaffolding and tackles the challenges of contingent comprehension scaffolding.


Studies on the development of teaching materials have been dominated by a pedagogical orientation to develop learning objectives, strategies, and evaluation. Not many studies have been carried out on the scientific structure of teaching materials. This study tries to examine the relationship between Islamic education teaching materials in the sub-chapter of Al-Qur'an based on the authoritative Qur'anic exegesis. Studying Islamic education teaching materials from the reference sources aims to ensure the quality of the teaching materials. By focusing the study on analyzing the materials about the stories and models of the prophet Adam and Ayub, through the critical discourse analysis method on how the sources are used, and how the context of the material is presented, the results of this study reveal that the materials teaching of Islamic education, about the story of prophet Adam and Ayub, do not refer to the books of Qur'anic exegesis. The explanation model is textual. Partial values are provided, such as the repentance of the prophet Adam and the patience of Ayub. Therefore, this study recommended that the development of Islamic education teaching materials in the chapter of the prophet stories refer to the authoritative Qur'anic interpretation books so that the materials are richer, better in quality, and actual.


: The objective was to identify you main types of infections related to health care and some types of prevention making a parallel with the trans pandemic period of COVID-19. It is a literature review, with a narrative, descriptive and reflective character, using different methodological resources to contemplate the proposed objectives. It is essential that there is a deep national discussion about what concrete action must be in the interest of the Brazilian State for the prevention of infections related to health care, especially in a pandemic context. The debate between the segments of government representation, health institutions, health workers and system users are an element key at resilience of those challenges.


The fragmentation of mixed NO2+˙(H2O)n cluster ions has been monitored as a function of n. Three separate patterns of behaviour are observed where the clusters lose either H2O or HONO2(nitric acid) and these reactions are discussed within the context of existing studies on the role of NO2+ in stratospheric chemistry.


The design of aluminization systems for the MMT Conversion 6.5 m mirror and the Columbus Project 8 m mirror has led us to reconsider many of the design issues and tradeoffs for such systems. Coating of the large honeycomb mirrors will be done in situ on the telescope with a portable bell jar forming the front half of a two-stage vacuum system. The mirror cell forms a "dirty" vacuum behind the mirror to eliminate excess force on the glass. A multi-ring source geometry has been proposed to allow a 1.0 m spacing between the mirror surface and the sources thereby minimizing the size of the vacuum chamber. Evaporation source models have been developed to optimize the number of sources, ring spacing, and high incidence angle emission to achieve better than 5% rms deviation in coating thickness over the diameter. Code results are compared to empirical thickness profiles measured at the University of Arizona's (UA) Sunnyside 2.0 m coating facility. Cryoadsorption pumps are considered for reasons of economy, quality of vacuum, pumping speed, and reliability. The interaction of the cryopumps and getter pumping with the pumping/cleaning/deposition cycle is studied. Glow discharge cleaning is discussed and the results of deposition tests in 10' Torr residual argon are given. Electrical requirements are estimated and a novel transformer design may decrease the current entering the chamber from 12,000 A to less than 600 A.


This study examines entrepreneurs in the Buddhist socio-cultural setting of rural villages of Thailand. Avoiding conflict is a cultural norm and business challenge for Buddhists, who have social and ethical obligations to present oneself as avoiding 'clashes' at any cost, particularly in a rural environment that is fraught with uncertainty and the 'triple jeopardy' effect. A total of 178 rural small business respondents from 31 Buddhist provinces with different economic development were obtained through interview-based field research using a survey questionnaire administered in-person on-site. Although the Buddhist context fosters peace loving entrepreneurs, it was found that non-financial success matters more, 'reactive' actions were taken in response to competition instead of aggressive preemptive actions, and there was positive correlation between proactiveness, risk-taking and innovativeness. This suggests the need to consider alternative models of socio-economic development that offer a more holistic and balanced approach for rural Buddhist entrepreneurs.


The genesis and ultrastructure of microconidia of Botrytis cinerea Pers. were studied, using TEM and SEM.

Microconidia are produced in flask-shaped, terminal or lateral phialides. The first microconidium develops holoblastically, subsequent microconidia are formed enteroblastically, in basipetal succession from a fixed conidiogenous locus.

Mature microconidia are characterized by a two-layered spore wall covered by mucilage, a single, sickle-shaped nucleus, one or two large lipid bodies, a few mitochondria of the cristae-type, ribosomes, sparse endoplasmatic reticulum close to the plasmalemma and a small amount of cytoplasma. The basal septum which is surrounded by a collar-like rim is perforated by a simple central pore with a pore plug.

Differences in genesis and ultrastructure of microconidia compared with macroconidia are discussed in relation to the function of these two spore types.


Composite tool manufacture is a complex technological behaviour that arose in the Middle Stone Age. The hafting of stone tools to handles or shafts seems to depend on the use of glue or adhesive. Chemical and microscopic analysis of glue or adhesive residues on lithic artefacts show the origins of these residues to be from various plant and animal sources, although attributing these residues to specific species has been problematic for various reasons. Experimental evaluation of the efficacy of glue for composite tool manufacture is a valuable method to identify possible sources of residues found on lithic artefacts. Various plant sources of glue have been identified in historical accounts, but some are yet to be identified in the archaeological record or need to be tested for their efficacy. The botanical remains of the genus Watsonia are particularly well represented in the archaeological record, where it is thought to have been foraged as a food source by Stone Age hunter-gatherers. During field observations, Watsonia underground storage organs (USOs) have been found to produce exudate. We test the efficacy of this exudate as a hafting glue for stone tools. Our results indicate that Watsonia exudate is nearly as effective as resin from Vachellia karroo (previously Acacia karroo) trees. These results lay the groundwork for identifying glue as part of composite tool technological components in the archaeological record that may not yet have been identified by other analytical methods, and highlight the role USOs might have played in human technology.


1. Introduction 2. An Acoustic Basis for Palatal Geminate Behavior in Spanish (by Baker, Gary K.) 3. Mapping the Patterns of Maintenance versus Merger in Bilingual Phonology: The Preservation of [a] vs. [a] in Frenchville French (by Bullock, Barbara E.) 4. New Tendencies in Geographical Dialectology: The Catalan Corpus Oral Dialectal (COD) (by Clua, Esteve) 5. Output-to-output Correspondence and the Emergence of the Unmarked in Spanish Plural Formation (by Colina, Sonia) 6. Mapping French Pronunciation: The PFC Project (by Durand, Jacques) 7. Phonological Variability in the Laboratory: Word-naming in Bidialectal Spanish Speakers (by Gerfen, Chip) 8. Constraint Re-ranking in Three Grammars: Spirantization and Coda Devoicing in Peninsular Spanish (by Gonzalez, Carolina) 9. Mid Vowels and Schwa in Eastern Catalan: five non-Barcelona Dialects (by Herrick, Dylan) 10. The Nominal Stress System of Romanian (re)revisited (by Iscrulescu, Cristian) 11. Proto-Romance Stress Shift Revisited (by Jacobs, Haike) 12. Final -m in Yucatan Spanish: A Rapid and Anonymous Survey (by Michnowicz, Jim) 13. Stressed Enclitics? (by Ordonez, Francisco) 14. How To Do Things Without Junk: The Refunctionalization of a Pronominal Subsystem between Latin and Romance (by Smith, John Charles) 15. Subject Index


The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of arrhythmias were examined, using continuous 24-hour ECG monitoring, in 25 patients with dilatation cardiomyopathy. Supraventricular extrasystole was found in 100% of patients with the sinus rhythm, and ventricular extrasystoles, in 94% of patients, being most commonly associated with poor prognosis (polytopic extrasystoles in 84%, paired extrasystoles in 60%, and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia in 40%). Disorders of atrio-ventricular conductivity were recorded in 47.6% of patients with the sinus rhythm, 23.8% of those showing a permanent 1st-degree block, and the rest, a transient block of the 1st--3d degree. It was demonstrated that arrhythmias could serve as a permanent sign of dilatation cardiomyopathy, being most commonly of a complex nature and associated with poor prognosis.


A lens that provides more satisfaction to a wearer. The present invention relates to a method for determining a pair of spectacle lenses, by measuring the deflection of the sagittal plane for near vision relative to the wearer's standard sagittal plane. An optimization target is then selected as a function of the measured deviation. The lens is determined by optimization with the selected target. In this way, a lens is obtained in which the near field perceived by the wearer is symmetric with respect to the midline. Thus, a wearer with a displaced sagittal plane obtains a larger near field of view, resulting in easier binocular vision and improved visual acuity. [Selection] Figure 4


The success of a Raman spectroscopy device in cancer detection lies in its ability to acquire high‐quality Raman signals from samples and to employ efficient classification algorithms in analysing spectral data. Portable Raman systems enabled with artificial intelligence tools are well adaptable to clinical settings and for accuracy for community‐level rapid screening. Here, we developed a robotic Raman device with a high‐efficiency Raman probe, validating it against endometrial cancers detecting high‐grade, low‐grade cancers and normal classes. Algorithms like principal component analysis‐discriminant analysis, and support vector machine were compared against the deep learning methodology; convolutional neural network (CNN) with and without data augmentation. Eventually, the system could classify high‐grade, low‐grade and normal tissues with an F1‐score of 91%, 94% and 97%, respectively. CNN with data augmentation proved to be the most dependable classifier that works well even in the presence of high background noise. Thus, we demonstrate a unique portable Raman device with AI tools for high‐sensitivity Raman analysis of endometrial cancer.


OBJECTIVE--To measure the delays between onset of symptoms and admission to hospital and provision of thrombolysis in patients with possible acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN--Observational study of patients admitted with suspected myocardial infarction during six months. SETTING--Six district general hospitals in Britain. SUBJECTS--1934 patients admitted with suspected myocardial infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Route of admission to hospital and time to admission and thrombolysis. RESULTS--Patients who made emergency calls did so sooner after onset of symptoms than those who called their doctor (median time 40 (95% confidence interval 30 to 52) minutes v 70 (60 to 90) minutes). General practitioners took a median of 20 (20 to 25) minutes to visit patients, rising to 30 (20 to 30) minutes during 0800-1200. The median time from call to arrival in hospital was 41 (38 to 47) minutes for patients who called an ambulance from home and 90 (90 to 94) minutes for those who contacted their doctor. The median time from arrival at hospital to thrombolysis was 80 (75 to 85) minutes for patients who were treated in the cardiac care unit and 31 (25 to 35) minutes for those treated in the accident and emergency department. CONCLUSION--The time from onset of symptoms to thrombolysis could be reduced substantially by more effective use of emergency services and faster provision of thrombolysis in accident and emergency departments.


A series of events culminating in a day at 'dragon school' were experienced by the children at one primary school in South East London. By Annette Rawstrone


Abstract The present article analyses the role of the District Policing Partnership Boards conceptualized by the Patten Report as a pivotal aspect of policing reform in Northern Ireland. It argues that, as originally envisaged, these Boards possessed a participatory capacity to transform rigid institutionalized relations of power between state and society. In outlining their potential the article aims to highlight the difference between traditional consultation mechanisms and more communicative‐based participatory policing. The article analyses the reasons why this more radical model was rejected and examines the impact of this on the operation of District Policing Partnerships. It concludes that the consultative mechanisms that emerged have so far contributed little to the structural transformation of police–society relations in Northern Ireland.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among common respiratory pathogens circulating in the community. DESIGN: Survey of common respiratory pathogens isolated from nasal discharges. SETTING: 117 childcare centres and kindergartens in metropolitan Melbourne between May and July 1991-1993 and 42 from sociodemographically matching suburbs in Sydney between May and July, 1993. SUBJECTS: Children aged six years and under with nasal discharge. OUTCOME MEASURES: Resistance to penicillins, erythromycin and tetracycline among isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus. RESULTS: A total of 2286 nasal discharge swabs were collected. Amoxycillin resistance was detected in 99 of 711 isolates of H. influenzae (13.9%) and penicillin resistance in 781 of 834 isolates of M. catarrhalis (93.6%), 342 of 375 isolates of S. aureus (91.2%), and 30 of 781 isolates of S. pneumoniae (3.9%). Of 86 strains of H. influenzae type b isolated, 20 (23.3%) produced beta-lactamase. Penicillin resistance tended to become more common among isolates of H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae during the three-year period. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic resistance, mediated by beta-lactamase or altered penicillin-binding proteins, among respiratory pathogens carried by preschool children was significant and possibly increasing. This highlights the impact of prescribed antibiotics in the community and the folly of prescribing the limited store of antibiotics for viral infections.


A 72-year-old white female presented to the emergency department of a peripheral hospital in October, 1968 with acute respiratory distress requiring emergency tracheostomy under local anesthetic. She had a history of increasing dyspnea and hoarseness of four months duration accompanied by a productive cough. Her past illnesses included an inguinal hernia repair 18 years previously, a ruptured gangrenous appendix six years previously, and removal of a papillary transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder three years prior to admission. She admitted she had smoked 20 cigarettes per day for over 40 years.


The one-dimensional simulation results of the reflection of electromagnetic fields from moving or vibrating perfectly conducting planes are presented in this report. The computational results are obtained by the characteristic-based method with the application of the characteristic variable and relativistic boundary conditions. For the purpose of easy observation of relativistic effects on the reflected electromagnetic waves, the perfect conductor is set either to travel constantly or to vibrate sinusoidally such that the extreme instantaneous velocity is 10 or 20% of the speed of light. The theoretical Doppler shift values are used to examine the accuracy of numerical method. The computational results and the exact values are in good agreement.


Inexpensive method of fabricating cryostats uses polyurethane, super insulation, fiber glass, and cardboard/plywood. Cryostat weighs 1/10 of Dewar, occupies about same volume, is easy to handle, requires no metal parts, and can be formed into virtually any configuration.


The present study is primarily aimed at assessing the microbial quality of cow milk samples sold by dairy farms and milk vendors in Dire Dawa Town. A total of 30 cow milk samples were collected and examined. The average total aerobic bacterial count (TABC), coliform count (CC), Escherichia coli count (EC) and spore forming bacterial count (SFBC) of milk samples obtained from dairy farms were 5.84±0.629 cfu/ml, 4.13±0.757 cfu/ml, 3.64±0.776 cfu/ml and 4.798±0.745 cfu/ml, respectively. Whereas, the corresponding values of milk samples obtained from milk vendors were 9.137±0.885 cfu/ml, 6.198±0.418 cfu/ml, 5.001±0.44 cfu/ml and 6.392±0.154 cfu/ml for TABC, CC, EC and SFBC, respectively. On the other hand, the respective values for pasteurized milk samples obtained from the distribution center of Hamdael farm were 5.425±0.103 cfu/ml, 4.079±0.076 cfu/ml, 2.516±0.055 cfu/ml and 4.257±0.091 cfu/ml. TABC, CC, EC, and SFBC of milk samples obtained from milk vendors were significantly higher (P<0.05) than milk samples obtained from dairy farms. The pathogenic bacteria detected from milk samples of the dairy farms were Salmonella spp. 3(18.75%) and Staphylococcus aureus 4(25%) and the corresponding values for milk samples obtained from milk vendors were 5(41.7%) and 6(50%) respectively. However, Streptococcus pyogenes were not isolated from any of the milk samples. The present study showed that dairy farm milk producers and milk vendors follow poor milk handling practices.


A finite element method is applied to study the coupling of a single photon emitter in nanodiamond to surface plasmons of a silver nanowire. Sensitivity of this system to different parameters is explored. Novel applications for the coupled system are proposed.


Epilepsy is one of the common neurological conditions characterized by recurrent episodes of epileptic ts. Parents of children suffering from
Epilepsy face many social and psychological problems. The aim of the study was to explore the lived experiences of parents of children suffering
from Epilepsy. Purposive sampling technique was used and twenty four parents of children suffering from Epilepsy were interviewed. Data was
collected by taking in-depth interviews of parents of children suffering from Epilepsy. Recording of interviews was done by audio recorder.
Verbatim were prepared, from which sixteen themes and forty seven subthemes were identied and described.The result highlighted that parents of
children suffering from Epilepsy had various types of experiences they use various measures to treat Epilepsy including ayurvedic medicines,
homeopathic treatment and also go to various witch quacks and temples. Parents of children suffering from Epilepsy passes through the stages from
where they have to face many types of problems like psychological problems, social problems, family problems, nancial problems and
occupational problems. There is a need to create awareness about Epilepsy on a nation-wide basis to dispel the misconceptions and stigma through
effective and robust programs with the aim to lessen the disease burden.


Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been considered the gold standard required to address the value of a new intervention, in terms of efficacy and safety, by comparing it with the standard of care (control), and therefore generate the highest level of evidence (1).


The article reports on the case of a 34 year old woman, user of oral contraceptives (OCs) for 13 consecutive years. The patient underwent uterine curettage for metrorrhagia; the histopathologic study of the curetted material showed the presence of a cervical adenocarcinoma. A biopsy done 20 days after curettage confirmed the presence of an endocervical adenocarcinoma. This case is interesting because of the young age of the patient, whereas average age at appearance of adenocarcinoma is 48. A review of the published literature reveals an increase in the number of reported cervical adenocarcinomas, or 8.5% to 10.7% of all types of cervical cancer. The principal symptom of cervical adenocarcinoma is bleeding, in 90% of cases; other symptoms may be abundant cervical mucus and pelvic pain. The relation between cervical adenocarcinoma and individual factors such as age and parity is not clear. A direct relationship between OC treatment and cervical carcinoma, especially prolonged OC use, has often been suggested but never proven. Treatment for cervical cancer consists of pelvic and intracavitary irradiation followed by hysterectomy in stage 1 and 2 of the disease, and irradiation only in stage 3 and 4 of the disease. Survival rate varies from 100% at stage 1 to 28.8% at stage 3.


The invention more particularly relates to improved light extraction efficiency, ultra-thin organic light-emitting device manufacturing method as well, the present invention relates to an ultra-thin organic light-emitting device manufacturing method which can dramatically reduce the thickness. To this end, the present invention, the polymer material coating step of coating a polymer material on a support; Frit coating step of coating a frit paste on the polymer material; Heat treatment and separation steps of the heat treatment at a temperature at which the polymer material that is decomposed separating the support and the substrate made of a frit wherein the frit paste is heat-treated; And a first electrode, an organic emitting layer and second electrodes an ultra-thin organic light-emitting device manufacturing method comprising a device layer forming step of forming an element layer in turn comprising a a surface of the frit substrate that was in contact with the polymer material to provide.


The paper studies hybrid solution methods for a general class of arc routing problems arising in the context of garbage collection. Important differences of basic local optimizers for arc oriented compared to node oriented problems are worked out. The initial problem is split into its routing (sequencing) and clustering part. For both problems meta-procedures that make use of the modified local search procedures are proposed. The routing part is a well defined problem called Mixed Rural Postman Problem with Turn Penalties. For this problem an Evolutionary Algorithm is implemented and compared to known solution methods. It is able to provide the best known solution quality at the expense of high computational effort. The clustering part is shown to be very application dependent. To offer a flexible modeling of the problem a multi-agent-system using the formerly presented local search operators is proposed.


Dear Editor, We would like to comment on certain issues pertaining to phthalates in the paper by Rudel et al. titled "Identification of Selected Hormonally Active Agents and Animal Mammary Carcinogens in Commercial and Residential Air and Dust Samples."1 The paper is useful in its contribution to the body of data on phthalates in indoor air. However, the paper may perpetuate some misunderstandings about phthalates, in part because a number of recent publications and other activities were not considered. We believe that the information below would be of interest to readers of the Journal, in part because it bears on future publications of this type. Additionally, we believe your readers would be interested to know that, at least with respect to phthalates, the recommendations of Rudel et al. have already been implemented, and have, in fact, been substantially completed.


The invention relates to an electronic landmark device. The electronic landmark device comprises a single chip microcomputer system, a FLASH erasing and writing inlet, a UART circuit, an IrDA encoding and decoding device, and a FSK wireless transmitting module. The FLASH erasing and writing inlet is connected with the single chip microcomputer system. One end of the UART circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer system, and other end of the UART circuit is connected with one end of the IrDA encoding and decoding device. The other end of the IrDA encoding and decoding device is connected with an infrared LED. The FSK wireless transmitting module is connected with the single chip microcomputer system. According to the electronic landmark device of the invention, positioning can be realized without relying on a GPS satellite. By cooperating with electronic maps on terminal equipment, functions, such as navigation, positioning, etc., can be realized. The electronic landmark device of the invention has advantages of simple structure and low cost and is convenient to popularize and apply.


To measure postmortem burden of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TDP‐43 (FTLD‐TDP) or tau (FTLD‐Tau) proteinopathy across hemispheres in primary progressive aphasia (PPA) using digital histopathology and to identify clinicopathological correlates of these distinct proteinopathies.


Neurological diseases in older persons are often accompanied by balance dysfunction. This often implies a major decrease of independence for the affected persons. Balance dysfunction caused by age or neurological impairment can be seen in unsupported standing as well as in locomotion. Up to now, assessment and change of performance are documented by functional measures. Meanwhile, biomechanical measures are available for objective measurement, for example: Sensors for balance and gait analysis, force plates and mats for gait analysis. Despite this diversity of measures, research is focused on the development of one sensor to measure unsupported standing, walking and sit-to-stand transfer.


The marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus) is an important species that is widely distributed across the marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific. Several kinds of DNA markers, such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been used to assess the population genetic characteristics of this species in previous studies. However, there have been no genetic profiling studies to cover the entire distribution. Here, six highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were applied to 18 populations across a spatially large area (from the Sea of Japan in the north to the South China Sea in the south). The results showed that the whole population exhibits high, stable genetic diversity, low relatedness and large effective population size. There was very weak genetic differentiation overall and no isolation by distance occurred among the populations, which may be attributed to significant contemporary gene flow, each generation. The above results may lead us to infer that the recent S. marmoratus population structure could be considered as one large integrated population. The present study will be beneficial to population conservation and fisheries management of S. marmoratus and will lead to better insights into the genetic characteristics of other species that belong to the Sebastidae family.


Abstract We study the stability of the zero solution of an impulsive set differential system with delay by means of the perturbing Lyapunov function method. Sufficient conditions for the stability of the zero solution of impulsive set differential equations with delay are presented.


CBFV were studied in the internal carotid arteries through the anterior fontanelle with a pulsed Doppler in 23 infants (mean BW= 1500 ± 144g) before and after SURF. The time averaged Mean Flow (MFV), Mean Systolic (SFV) and Mean Diastolic (DFV) of the CBFV were calculated. End Diastolic (EDV) and Peak Systolic CBFV were also measured. CBFV, arterial blood pressures (BP), arterial blood gases, & FiO2 were measured approximately 10 min before and after a 10 min instillation of SURF. After SURF the infants as a group showed a drop in the EDV (p=0.04) and a decrease in the pH and BE (p=0.04, both). However, MFV increased 20% after SURF in 11 infants and dropped 18% in 12. 3/12 developed reverse diastolic flow. Before SURF, the 12 infants who dropped the MFV had pH 7.29 and the 11 infants with an elevation of the MFV during SURF 7.34 (p= 0.04). The 11 infants who increased the MFV dropped the pH during SURF (7.34 vs 7.31; p=0.045). Incidence of IVH was 30% (5gr I-II and 2gr III). Two infants enlarged previous IVH and 4 developed new IVH after SURF (mean time at diagnosis = 44 ± 8 hrs after SURF). All these 6 infants were in the group who dropped the MFV during SURF. The risk of IVH was higher in the 12 infants who dropped the MFV during SURF than in the 11 infants who increased the MFV (p=0.02). Before SURF, the 6 infants who bled had a lower pH (p= 0.05), a lower BW (p=0.05) and required higher FiO2 (p=0.04) than the 17 infants who did not bleed after SURF. However, during SURF these 6 infants had a higher % drop in BP and in all CBFV (p=0.01, both) than the 17 infants who did not bleed after SURF. SURF administration is associated with profound changes in CBFV depending upon preexisting clinical conditions. Infants who drop MFV shortly after SURF have a higher risk of developing IVH or increasing previous IVH within 48 hours.


In order to inherit the art of Chinese blue and white porcelain,it introduced its development and evolution course in previous dynasties such as Tang,Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing.Through analysis of form,color and rhyme of Chinese blue and white porcelain,it discussed the unique cultural connotation in China.


Field experiments were conducted during 2001–01 and 2001–02 on Typic Haplustept at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur to assess the effect of nutrient application through different sources in maize-wheat cropping sequence. It showed that application of 100% of recommended NPK (90, 30 and 15 kg ha−1) + FYM (10 t ha−1) and 150% of recommended NPK were superior treatments. These two treatments produced 3.40–3.42 t ha−1 of maize and 4.05–4.08 t ha−1 of wheat. After two years of experimentation, it was found that the application of 100% NPK through FYM 10 t ha−1 and fertilizers, 100% NPK + FYM 10 t ha−1 and FYM 20 t ha−1 significantly improved the organic carbon content of soil. A marked buildup of available P content of soil was recorded by applying 100% NPK + FYM @ 10 t ha−1, 100% NPK through FYM @ 10 t ha−1 and fertilizers, FYM @ 20 t ha−1 and 150% NPK, while the available K content was not significantly affected by the treatments. The available soil Zn and S also declined over the years of experiments except when these elements were added to the soil with 100% NPK.


This project is in accordance with the low carbon c ommunity theory of "cradle to cradle", putting forw ard the low carbon community planning strategy of "Sixmac syste m", overcoming the problems from six different aspe cts including the land utilization of the community, sp atial arrangement, road transport, natural environm ent, energy use and implementation management, making further i mplementation of the theories' design philosophy, a nd it also brings forward the specific low carbon requirements , which guarantees the construction of the low carb on community, and it also would have the direct and de monstration effect on the construction of the low c arbon community in the future.


Specifically designed programs of sprint and endurance running were used to comparison of each training effect on muscle fibers and those of capillary supply. Wistar strain male rats (42 days after birth) were trained by treadmill for 10 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle were histochemically studied. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The body and muscle weight of the rats in both training groups were significantly smaller than those of the control group. 2) The sprint training caused hypertrophy of muscle fiber, but the endurance training did not. 3) The endurance training group showed the higher value in the number of capillaries per fiber (CF ratio), per mm2 (CD), around each fiber type (CC) than control group. And the endurance training group showed the lower value in the distance of diffusion than sprint training group and control group. 4) The sprint training group showed the higher value in CF ratio and CC than control group, but not so high as endurance training group. These results suggest that training effects are specific to the type of training program used. (J. Physical Fitness Japan 1983, 32 : 311-319)


A two-dimensional Lennard-Jones model of an amorphous alloy is shown to have a sharp configurational potential-energy threshold. When the model alloy has a total potential energy at this threshold it is fluidlike and changes in atomic configuration yielding both macroscopic flow and microscopic diffusion can be made without energy increase. Atomic configurations with total potential energy below this threshold are elastic solids at T=0. This model is analogous to granular materials, such as sandpiles and self-organized critical systems, where a relatively sharp threshold separating solidlike states from fluidlike states is an important feature. This energy threshold is compared with threshold energies found by quenching high-temperature supercooled liquids to the nearest stationary configuration.


S ufficient-cause models represent biologic interactions (including synergism) in the form of coparticipation of factors in a sufficient cause 1–3 (causal coaction). In this issue of the journal, VanderWeele 1 provides new results relating sufficient-cause models to regression models. These results reinforce the point that concepts of biologic interaction do not in general correspond to the concept of statistical interaction, because the latter is only the need for a product term in a statistical model. 4,5 They further underscore that, without strict assumptions, sufficient-cause interactions do not correspond to interdepen-dence of effects in potential-outcomes (counterfactual) models. I will examine the practical relevance and limitations of using epidemiologic regressions to study interactions, however the latter are defined.


Objective To detect the change of γδT lymphocytes in peripheral blood(PB), the expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 in synoviocytes, and the expressions of MHC-I and NF-κB in chondrocytes of collagen-induced arthritis model rats, in order to discuss the role of γδT lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods The experimental Wistar rat model of CIA was set up by intradermal injection of emulsion of bovine type Ⅱ collagen, the success rate of steeing-up models was evaluated by arthritis index(AI), rats were grouped randomly into two groups. The percentage of γδT lymphocytes in PB was detected by flow cytometry, the expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 in synovial fluid were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of HSP60, HSP70, MHC-I and NF-κB in synoviocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with normal group, the percentage of γδT lymphocytes in the total lymphocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) markedly decreased(P0.01), the expressions of TNF-α in synovial fluid increased (P0.05) and IL-10 decreased(P0.05), the expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 in synoviocytes increased(P0.05), and the expressions of MHC-I and NF-κβ in chondrocytes and osteocytes increased(P0.05) in CIA model group. Conclusions The change of cytokines in synovial fluid, and the up-regulation of HSP60, HSP70 and MHC-I in joint would help to activate the γδT lymphocytes, which would lead to the destruction of joint.


This contribution addresses a new approach for the domain-spanning system specification for the design of advanced mechatronic systems. Therefore two basic methods will be introduced: a language for the holistic specification of advanced mechatronic systems and a concept for the reuse of once successfully proven solutions in form of solution patterns. For both methods software tools have been developed. Moreover, a concept for the integrated tool support for the conceptual design of advanced mechatronic systems based on the coupling of these both methods and their respective software tools will be presented.


We introduce a method for computing homology groups and their generators of a 2D image, using a hierarchical structure, i.e. irregular graph pyramid. Starting from an image, a hierarchy of the image is built by two operations that preserve homology of each region. Instead of computing homology generators in the base where the number of entities (cells) is large, we first reduce the number of cells by a graph pyramid. Then homology generators are computed efficiently on the top level of the pyramid, since the number of cells is small. A top down process is then used to deduce homology generators in any level of the pyramid, including the base level, i.e. the initial image. The produced generators fit on the object boundaries. A unique set of generators called the minimal set, is defined and its computation is discussed. We show that the new method produces valid homology generators and present some experimental results. 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of key informants on a national support programme for the development of new care models (NCM) in England (2015/2016–2017/2018). It focuses on the perceived facilitators and barriers affecting the development and implementation of the NCM programme and offers some insight into the role of national level support in enabling local integration initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
A set of 29 interviews were carried out with a variety of respondents at the national level (including current and past programme leads, strategic account managers, advisors to the programme and external regulators) between October 2017 and March 2018, and analysed thematically.

Findings
A set of facilitative elements of the programme were identified: the development of relationships and alliances, strong local and national leadership, the availability of expert knowledge and skills, and additional funding. Challenges to success included perceived expectations from the national Vanguard programme, oversight and performance monitoring, engagement with regulators, data availability and quality, as well as timetables and timescales. Crucially, the facilitators and challenges were found to interact in dynamic and complex ways, which resulted in significant tensions and ambiguities within the support programme.

Research limitations/implications
While the sample was drawn from a range of different senior players and the authors ensured a diverse sample associated with the NCM support programme, it inevitably cannot be complete and there may have been valuable perspectives absent.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrates that the analysis of facilitators and challenges with respect to the national support of implementation of integrated care initiatives should move beyond the focus on separate influencing factors and address the tensions that the complex interplay among these factors create.


FIELD: information technologies. SUBSTANCE: with the help of access provision to jointly used area without server through visual representation, system visualises content available to other members of the group. Access is sometimes provided through distribution of metadata or other unique identifying sign related to jointly used area, to all members of group. EFFECT: expansion of functional resources, due to provision of network interaction between group members. 12 cl, 20 dwg


The ITRS (international technology roadmap for semiconductors) predicts aggressive scaling down of device size, transistor threshold voltage and oxide thickness to meet growing demands for performance. Such scaling will result in an exponential increase in leakage current and large variability in threshold voltage both within and across dies. Device counts will increase from about 0.2 B/chip today to approximately 10 B/chip in a decade. This 50/spl times/ increase in device count will increase not only the active power dissipation, but also the standby or the quiescent power. Hence, designers are required to use innovative aggressive power management strategies to meet the power constraints. The exponential increase in leakage, the device parameter variations, and aggressive power management techniques are expected to severely impact the way integrated circuits are tested today. This paper explores test considerations for the scaled CMOS circuits in the nanometer regime.


Due to the lack of natural water resources and high consumption of water in industries, desalination systems are good options to supply water demands, especially in regions with a water crisis. If these wastes are used in thermal desalination cycles, in addition to improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption, the production of environmental pollutants can also be reduced. In this paper, the multi-stage flash brine recirculation (MSF-BR) system of the Abadan refinery is investigated from energy-exergy-exergoeconomic viewpoints. In addition, the effects of top brine temperature (TBT), number of stages and ambient temperature on the performance of the system are evaluated. The results at maximum brine temperature show that with increasing the TBT, the exergy efficiency, gained output ratio (GOR) and distillate water production increase by 34%, 47% and 47%, respectively. It is also found that if the number of stages in the heat rejection section increases to more than six stages, GOR will decrease. The exergoeconomic analysis results reveal that the relative cost difference increases by 94% with an increase in the number of stages. Finally, it is concluded that by using the waste heat of a refinery complex for heating steam to run the desalination system, there is a 9103 $/year cost savings due to energy consumption reduction and 193 × 104 $/year cost savings due to CO2 emission reduction.


A 60 GHz frequency discriminator was developed to analyze the transient frequency behaviour and chirp of pulsed Gunn and IMPATT oscillators. The bandwidth and resolution of the discriminator amount to. 7 GHz and about 5 µV/ (mW.MHz). To watch centerfrequency and chirp simultaneously while shaping the bias pulse simplifies the tuning procedure of pulsed oscillators significantly. In this manner the chirp of a 5W / 100nsec IMPATT oscillator was tuned to below +- 20 MHz.


With the emergence of unmanned robotic systems, there is a greater push for a robust and stable means of teleoperated control. Teleoperation is extremely useful in two major ways. First, a remotely control robot may be able to enter an environment which is dangerous or inhabitable by a human operator. This scenario pertains to autonomous vehicle or hazardous waste management applications. Secondly, robot manipulators are capable of detecting and compensating for environmental interactions and making more precise and consistent movements then their human counterparts. Transmission delays are an unavoidable part of remote communications which are typically compensated by adding compliance causing a deleterious effect on 'transparent' perception of the remote environment. Maintaining the stability of the overall teleoperation scheme at a minimal loss of performance is the basis of this text. It studies the application of a bilateral teleoperation framework using a nonlinear control and energy based stability theory to overcome these limitations.


Undesired polymerization of (meth)acrylatoalkoxysilanes during their industrial preparation and handling is accomplished by avoiding contact with surfaces containing more than 1% by weight of iron.


There are seven texts often cited by Christians to condemn homosexuality: Noah and Ham (Genesis 9:20–27), Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:1–11), Levitical laws condemning same-sex relationships (Leviticus 18:22, 20:13), two words in two Second Testament vice lists (1 Corinthians 6:9–10; 1 Timothy 1:10), and Paul's letter to the Romans (Romans 1:26–27). The author believes that these do not refer to homosexual relationships between two free, adult, and loving individuals. They describe rape or attempted rape (Genesis 9:20–27, 19:1–11), cultic prostitution (Leviticus 18:22, 20:13), male prostitution and pederasty (1 Corinthians 6:9–10; 1 Timothy 1:10), and the Isis cult in Rome (Romans 1:26–27). If the biblical authors did assume homosexuality was evil, we do not theologize off of their cultural assumptions, we theologize off of the texts we have in the canon. The author attempts to introduce some new arguments into this long-standing and passionate debate.


A process of research in the field of livestock in the national and global levels and the animal, which has resulted in the analysis from the field of industrial design on the opportunities to intervene to reduce the environmental impact of this activity.


In this paper, a comprehensive and detailed introduction about anion detection technology development for mining and metallurgy industry was given. The demand from mining and metallurgy industry for advanced anion detection technology was analyzed. The main cutting-edge anion detection technologies were summarized. Some ion chromatography methodologies which have broad application prospects were discussed with emphasis. In addition, the protocols for sample pre-treatment and removal of impurity interference were described. Finally, an outlook for anion detection technique development trend for the application in mining and metallurgy industry was presented.