A series of investigations have been conducted into the properties of N 2 O silicon oxynitride gate dielectrics, and the various methods of their growth. One of the principle advantages of these oxides is their resistance to interface state generation. This is linked to the presense of nitrogen near the substrate interface, where it is triply bonded to silicon. It is also demonstrated that during N 2 O-based furnace growth, the total concentration of NO x species varies strongly with the flow rate of N 2 O. This has been correlated to the temperature profile of the furnace, which can be affected by the exothermic decomposition of N 2 O. This property has been exploited to controllably adjust the rate of nitrogen incorporation by up to a factor of three. Although nitrogen incorporation during furnace processing is generally stable, it is shown that atomic oxygen is capable of removing previously incorporated nitrogen. Sources of atomic oxygen include the decomposition of N 2 O during RTP treatment, N 2 O processing in a high flow rate furnace, or from ozone annealing.


The peak value and pulsation amplitude of the self-excited oscillating pulse cavitation jet nozzle are essential indices to evaluate the jet performance. We established a simulation model of the jet process of the nozzle to investigate the evolution mechanism of the inner and outer flow fields. We used the chamber fillet, chamber diameter, chamber length, and outlet-tube diameter as the design variables, and the peak value of the striking force and the amplitude of the pulsation of the striking force as the target variables. The collaborative optimization design method of the nozzle was determined by combining the orthogonal test method, the back propagation neural network, and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm. As indicated by the results, when the inlet pressure was 3 MPa, the factors ranked as follows in terms of their effects on the jet performance of the nozzle: the chamber fillet, the outlet-tube diameter, chamber diameter, and the chamber length. To verify the feasibility of the collaborative optimization method, the nozzle was fabricated via 3D printing, and the simulation model was verified by testing. This study provides support to the development of design theory for self-oscillating pulsed cavitation jet nozzles.


the development of gemstone therapy (ratnacikitsā) the origins of which can be traced back to the Carakasam. hitā (c. 100 BC-100 AD) and which is still practised in modern-day India. Dagmar Wujastyk deals with the use of mercury preparations in Āyurvedic rejuvenation therapy (rasāyana).3 She comes to the conclusion that—despite early mentions from the seventh century onwards—mercury played a prominent role in these recipes only after the twelfth century under the influence of the alchemistic literature. Based on the astonishing fact that some classical Tibetan medical sources describe "mercury" (ngülchu) obtained from plants, animals, or human garments, Barbara Gerke analyses pre-modern classifications of minerals and materia medica. The third section bears the title "Power and Devotion". Another interesting example of a revival of the old concept of therapeutic benefits of metals and stones associated with deities is presented by Antoinette E. DeNapoli, who draws on her own ethnographic field research. Female ascetics (sādhus) recommend their followers such holistic therapies in the context of what the author calls "experimental Hinduism". Eleanor Nesbitt discusses in her paper the relationship between Sikhs and iron and its exaltation in metaphor. As the base of swords and other weapons indispensable in a belligerent environment, it was especially praised by the sixth and tenth Gurūs. In the first article of the section "Body and Embodiment", Deeksha Sivakumar deals with the role of (mostly mineral-based) makeups in the classics Rāmāyan. a and Mahābhārata. Cosmetics were described in both epics as helpful in the context of marital relationships. Mattia Salvini analyses the metaphorical use of gems in Buddhist literature, such as the term ratna (Sanskrit: "precious stone or metal", but also "whatever is excellent within a specific class") applied to the "Three Jewels", i.e. the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sam. gha. Another focus is on ratnaśāstra, the science of beneficial gems. Ana Bajželj explains the Jain concept of "earth-bodied beings" in the context of Karmic retribution and gives outlines of ontological, physical, and metaphysical theories described in ancient texts by members of this religion. firstname.lastname@example.com


principal may select any one of a dozen or more reading systems for use in his school. The obvious result is a great lack of uniformity even among neighboring schools. The absence of uniformity in a large city is especially significant to pupils who are compelled to transfer from one school to another. Frequently such children are subjected to a different reading system with each change. For example, a pupil may have used a synthetic method in the first school and an analytic method in the second, or he may have gone partly through the Elson primer and transferred to a school using the Winston primer, with an entirely different vocabulary. Consequently, the recommendation was made that a uniform system of reading be adopted for the city. It was the opinion of the writer that transfers of children from school to school are frequent and that pupils who have transferred constitute a considerable percentage of any given class. The section of Philadelphia in which the investigation was made -locally known as District Five-is one of the ten school districts into which the city is divided for administrative purposes. This district was selected merely because the writer happens to be located there. The district contains twenty-one elementary schools with an enrolment of about twenty-five thousand children, approximately one-half of whom are in the first four grades. The population of the district is heterogeneous-white and black, American and foreign, rich and poor-almost every social level and financial standing being represented among the residents and reflected in the schools. With the authorization of the district office, a copy of the following letter was sent to each school in the district.


Designed as a complete study of the circumstances which led to the building of Castle Howard, the author describes the physical appearance of the architecture and gardens in relation to reasons underlying both the decision to build the castle and the architectural plans which developed.


Embodiments are directed to determining whether one or more physical user interactions are present, at a wireless communication device, that indicate a near-future potential communication session resource request. Before the determination, a communication interface of the device is in a dormant state characterized by the device not being permitted to engage in a communication session with a wireless communication network. The device transitions the communication interface, after the determination, from the dormant state to an active state. In the active state, the device performs one or more actions to reduce a delay associated with a transmission of the potential communication session resource request in the event that the potential communication session resource request is actually transmitted by the device. For example, in the active state, the device can power-up or wake-up a radio bearer or modem to reduce a delay before transmission of the potential communication session resource request.


In view of forming umbos on inner surface of N80-1 Φ139.7mm×7.72mm casing by casting billet,the electron microscope was applied to analyze the causes,and some large inclusions were found out around umbos.The inclusions were formed to umbos through piercing,rolling and sizing.Therefore,the main measure of eliminating the defect was decreasing the inclusion amount.


Two types of the absorption chillers, the single and half effect cycles, can operate using low temperature hot water. The advantage of the single effect over the half effect cycle is the higher COP but the single effect has a narrower temperature operating range. The half effect has the capability of using lower hot water temperature but the lower COP increases operating cost and requires investing a larger cooling tower. A detailed computer model was written for the single and half effect cycles based on heat transfer coefficients for the inside and outside tubes of each component [generator, absorber, condenser, and evaporator], energy, mass, salt balances, and rate equations. The single effect component model was calibrated with known data from a US absorption chiller manufacturer. The cooling tower was modeled using the analogy approach, calibrated and validated with performance data from a cooling tower manufacturer. Capacity and dollars per ton were used to determine lower limits on the firing temperature. The results show that at 225F (107 C) at 2000 gpm (7570 L/min) of hot water, the cost to maintain capacity starts to change for the single effect cycle. At 205F (99 C) the cost to maintain capacity increases rapidly. The half effect cycle can maintain capacity at temperatures as low as 185F (82 C) hot water at 2000 gpm (7570 L/min) without a large increase in capital investment. The capital cost for the half effect chiller system is 200 $/ton (57 $/kW) more than the single effect, using hot water temperatures above 200 F (93 C). The single effect cycle can only be competitive with an electric centrifugal chiller if the heat source is free or a combination of high electrical cost with a low cost of heat.


Traditionally, the theory of algorithms has focused on the analysis of worst-case instances. While this has led to beautiful results and a thorough understanding of a wide variety of problems, there are many problems for which worst-case analysis is not useful for empirical or real-world instances. A rapidly developing line of research, the so-called beyond worst-case analysis of algorithms (BWCA), considers the design and analysis of problems using more realistic models or using natural structural properties. The goals of BWCA are to design realistic models and new theoretical algorithms which perform well in practice, as well as to explain why preexisting algorithms that do well in practice perform better than worst-case analysis suggests. In other words, the goal of BWCA is to bridge the gap between theory and practice. In this thesis, we propose to continue this line of work by making contributions in several areas. Specifically, we focus on three main problems and models. • Clustering is one problem that has benefitted greatly from BWCA. Using the perturbation resilience assumption proposed by Bilu and Linial (2011), we design robust, efficient algorithms that output near-optimal clusterings on the stable parts of the data. We consider center-based objectives such as k-median and k-means, as well as symmetric and asymmetric k-center. • Clustering has many varied applications in practice, and an algorithm may have drastically different performance between two applications. To reconcile this fact, we consider the algorithm configuration problem, in which a clustering application is represented by a distribution over problem instances, and the goal is to find the best algorithm for the (unknown) distribution. This model was first studied theoretically by Gupta and Roughgarden (2016). We define rich, infinite classes of agglomerative clustering algorithms with dynamic programming, and then show tight bounds on the pseudo-dimension of these classes, which leads to computationaland sample-efficient algorithm configuration. • As datasets become larger and larger, distributed learning becomes more prevalent. Motivated by the fact that similar datapoints often belong to the same or similar classes, we propose data-dependent dispatching that takes advantage of such structure. We provide new dispatching algorithms which cast the problem as clustering with important balance and fault-tolerance conditions. Finally, we provide general and robust distributed clustering algorithms under worst-case and beyond worst-case analysis. January 10, 2018 Proposal Draft


This paper examines working principles of doubly-fed and full-power wind turbines and compares their performance, focusing on features of ABB's PCS6000 intended for full-power wind turbines as well as its real-world application.


THE THINKING OF animals is commonly studied in terms derived from and appropriate to linguistic behavior, a kind of behavior which seems peculiar to or at least to reach its most elaborate form in Homo sapientian culture, particularly in the subculture thereof-academia-where this research most often takes place. This looks like anthropocentrism doubly applied: researchers assimilate communication of other species to their own preferred mode of expression; they view this mode as the most perspicuous, if not the sole, medium for the origination and communication of ideas. This view of the primacy ofHomo sapientian discourse in the articulation and perpetuation of thought is part of a longstanding philosophical tradition, one which has reasoned its way to seeing, inter alia, an essential dichotomy between thought and action, between "the mental" and "the physical." Mentation is viewed as taking place along linguistic lines: thoughtful behavior can be shown


Many medical books have deemed Yinshi(ST 33) as the moxibustion-prohibited-point in the past dynasties.However,moxibustion on Yinshi(ST 33) to treat diseases was not rare in the present clinical.So this paper made an indepth exploration on this taboo based on the summary of common reasons of moxibustion prohibited.It is thought that the heat syndrome was forbidden to apply moxibustion,in order to prevent vascular and nerve damage,infection and affect appearance.Abdomen and lumbosacral portion of pregnant woman and the body parts of hair growth were forbidden to apply moxibustion.The opinions as ancient physicians' misdiagnosis,inheritance of later generations and so on were not enough to clarify the reasons for making Yinshi(ST 33) as the moxibustion-prohibited-point.At last,the conclusion lacking a scientific basisas 'forbidden to apply moxibustion on Yin shi(ST 33)' was obtained,and there was no harmto apply moxibustion on Yinshi(ST 33).


(57) How a small opening bored in the body of the Abstract patient, In the surgical procedure the material insert a significant amount is desired, introducing continuous filaments of required length in the body. The introduced material, tissue expansion of the body cavity, occlusion of the vessel, serves to introduce into the body designated position of the diagnostic or therapeutic agent. Apparatus for carrying out the method includes a feeding mechanism for feeding the filament by applying a sufficient force to the filaments to push the filaments through a conduit at a desired position. In one embodiment, to supply the force required to send a filament, a cannula reciprocates, the system comprising a gripper which is synchronized with this movement is utilized.


Abstract This paper contributes to the smallholder agriculture commercialisation literature by applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour in an under-researched developing country context. The study examines the influence of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on the Scaling-Up intent among smallholder village chicken (free-range or indigenous) farmers in North-western Zambia. Additionally, gender differences regarding commercialisation intent are examined. Based on a quantitative correlational design utilising 556 smallholder farmers' primary data from a structured questionnaire, statistical correlation and student's T-test models were employed. The findings indicate that attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control have unique positive significant effects on commercialisation practices intention (CPI) and CPI in turn positively influences commercialisation scaling-up intention (CSI). Additionally, the study found significant gender differences in all aspects of the model except for subjective norms. Despite the study being cross-sectional and based on one district in Zambia, the findings have important implications. For policymakers and enterprise support institutions, understanding the socio-psychological factors of smallholder farmers is important before introducing any interventions to promote the commercialisation of the village chicken. Additionally, there is a need to encourage farmers to adopt commercialisation practices in livestock management, investment and marketing. This would increase the chances of transitioning from subsistence to commercial farming. In terms of narrowing the gender gap in participation, there is a need for policymakers to tailor interventions that would help improve the attitude of women towards commercialisation and to reduce the perceived barriers. The study pioneers application of the TPB in this context.


Double-water tank is simulated by using hardware-in-loop simulation platform in this design. Semi-physical simulation is realized by the computer, SIMULINK and using QuaRC. On this basis, the monitoring operating of double-water tank can be realized by PLC. First the controlled object is analyzed the model to build the physics model on SIMULINK, communicate with PLC by means of data sampling module and monitor the change of liquid level by WinCC configuration software, design and build remote computer process control system, complete control system experiment result analysis.


A combination of factors is making service integration and management, also known as SIAM, an integral contributor to businesses that flourish today. To begin with the increasing adoption of cloud technologies, agile automation, and strategic innovation as well as collaboration of IT outsourcing and service towers has made it challenging for organizations as they now must deal with multiple service providers. The limited integration of multiple vendor processes and tools leads to unstructured governance and stakeholder management, as well as lack of service-level agreement alignment resulting in low customer satisfaction scores. This paper provides an overview of SIAM, the challenges that it can help address, and the various models that a business can choose to implement SIAM based on their unique needs.


Previous pathway engineering work demonstrated that the desosamine biosynthetic pathway in Streptomyces venezuelae could be converted to an efficient mycaminose biosynthesizing pathway by replacement of DesI with the hexose 3,4-ketoisomerase Tyl1a. In this work, FdtA, a ketoisomerase homologous to Tyl1a which catalyzes conversion of the Tyl1a substrate to the C-4 epimer of the Tyl1a product, was used to replace DesI. The ability of desosamine pathway enzymes DesV, DesVI, DesVII, and DesVIII to accept substrates with inverted C-4 stereochemistry in the mutant expressing FdtA resulted in formation of macrolide derivatives bearing 4-epi-d-mycaminose, a sugar heretofore unobserved in Nature. Interestingly, minor glycosylated macrolides bearing another non-natural sugar, 3-N-monomethylamino-3-deoxy-d-fucose, were also produced by this mutant. An explanation for the formation of these unexpected new compounds is presented, and the implications of this work for combinatorial biosynthesis of new antibiotics are d...


Bainbridge, Eric. Heaven and Earth. 2001. Middlesborough: Cleveland Arts. Unpaginated. No price given, paperback. ISBN: 0 954047 50 8. Blank, Rebecca and Haskins, Ron (Eds). The New World of Welfare. 2001. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. 514 pp. US$22.95 paperback. ISBN: 0 8157 1011 9. Brakman, Steven, Garretsen, Harry, Van Marrewijk, Charles. An Introduction to Geographical Economics. 2001. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 350 pp. £22.95/US$32.95 paperback. ISBN: 0 521 77967 7. Cole, Alistair and John, Peter. Local Governance in England and France. 2001. London: Routledge. 192 pp. £55.00 hardback. ISBN: 0 415 23942 7. Crane, Jonathan (Ed.). Social Programs That Work. 2000. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 336 pp. US$14.95 paperback. ISBN: 0 87154 174 2. European Network for Housing Research. Newsletter 4/01. Gävle, Sweden: European Network for Housing Research (ENHR). 32 pp. No price given, paperback. ISSN: 1014 8027. Findings. January 2002. York: The Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 4 pp. No price given, paperback. ISSN: 0958 3084. Fulton, William. The Reluctant Metropolis: The Politics of Urban Growth in Los Angeles. 2002. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 407 pp. £13.00 paperback. ISBN: 0 8018 6506 9. Gallagher, Tom. Outcast Europe: The Balkans, 1789–1989. From the Ottomans to Milosevic. 2001. London: Routledge. 314 pp. £55.00 hardback. ISBN: 0 415 27089 8. Gerstle, Gary and Mollenkopf, John (Eds). E Pluribus Unum? Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation. 2001. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 424 pp. No price given hardback. ISBN: 0 87154 306 0. Governo do Estado do Paraná. Programa Paraná Urbano: Mais qualidade de vida a todos os paranaenses. Onder quer que eles se encontrem [More quality of life for all the people of Paraná. Wherever they may live]. 2001. Paraná, Brazil: Governo do Estado do Paraná. 119 pp. No price given hardback. No ISBN number. Jacobs, Allan B., Macdonald, Elizabeth, and Rofé, Yodan. The Boulevard Book: History, Evaluation, Design of Multiway Boulevards. 2001. London: The MIT Press. 257 pp. £27.50 hardback. ISBN: 0 262 10090 8. Jones-Correa, Michael (Ed.). Governing American Cities: Inter-Ethnic Coalitions, Competition, and Con ict. 2001. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. 212 pp. US$32.50 paperback. ISBN: 0 87154 415 6. Journal of Regional Science. Vol. 41, No. 4, November 2001. Tucson, AZ: Department of Geography and Regional Development of the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona and Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell. 577–836 pp. No price given, paperback. ISSN: 0022 4146. The J. Paul Getty Trust. The J. Paul Getty Trust Report. 2001. Los Angeles, CA: The J. Paul Getty Trust. 116 pp. No price given, paperback. No ISBN number. Kennedy, Catherine, Lynch, Emily, Goodlad, Robina. Good Practice in Joint/Multi-agency Working on Homelessness. 2001. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Central Research Unit. 52 pp. £5.00 paperback. ISBN: 0 7559 3290 0. ISSN: 095


This paper explores lay perceptions of health. The purposes of this study are, how women attribute the causality of their symptoms and what kind of coping behavior they think is useful to relieve their symptoms, whether the etiologies related to their coping behavior, and what variables relate to their etiologies and intentions to relieve their symptoms. The subjects were 243 women aged 45-55, randomly sampled throughout Tokyo. Results showed that women's belief system about their symptoms are more internal, such as age or menopause, than external, such as family and community stress. The two most common coping behaviors that women believed beneficial were taking some rest and thinking posi tively. Even after adjusting for the type and the severity of their symptoms, their etiologies were associated with the usefulness of their coping behavior. Some variables related to the eti ologies of symptoms were predictive. However, unpredictable associations were also observed. The research suggests that it is useful to identify relationships of middle-aged women with family, community and even the wider society as well as symptoms themselves to accelerate the relief of symptoms. Also, the results showed that the more social contacts a woman had, the greater the number of coping behaviors she had. It is suggested that social networks in obtaining medical care and information are important when they are ill.


Purpose. Approximately 9% of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients harbor variants in the transmembrane activator and CAML interactor gene, TACI, which contribute to CVID development. We found identical compound heterozygous TACI variants (C104R and A181E) in kindred of which one sibling had severe CVID with refractory auto immunity, and a second sibling remained asymptomatic. This study investigated possible differences in B-cell phenotype and function that could explain this divergent clinical expression. Methods. C104R and A181E TACI variants were identified through Sanger sequencing. Phenotypic evaluation of the lymphocyte compartment was performed by flow cytometry analyses. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) from the index patient, asymptomatic sibling, and controls were generated. Intracellular TACI expression was determined, and activation-associated calcium flux capacity was measured. In vitro stimulation assays and RT PCR were performed. Results. Both intracellular levels and surface expressed TACI protein were higher in the asymptomatic sibling than the CVID patient as were TACI-triggering-induced mRNA expression AID and production of Ig class-switched antibodies. In analogy, the asymptomatic sibling displayed enhanced Toll-like receptor 9 expression and signaling, suggesting a compensatory immune mechanism. Conclusions. Posttranscriptional regulation of TACI protein and cross-talk with TLR9 signaling may contribute to phenotypic diversity between individuals with TACI variants.


I want to say up front that I'm here under false pretenses. I'm not a Dewey scholar or a philosopher; I'm a sociologist doing history in the field of education. And the title of my lecture is a bit deceptive. I'm not really going to talk about what college is good for. Instead, I'm going to talk about how the institution we know as the modern American university came into being. As a sociologist, I'm more interested in the structure of the institution than in its philosophical aims. It's not that I'm opposed to these aims. In fact, I love working in a university where these kinds of pursuits are open to us: where we can enjoy the free flow of ideas; where we explore any is - sue in the sciences or humanities that engages us; and where we can go wherever the issue leads without worrying about utility or orthodoxy or politics. It's a great privilege to work in such an institution. And this is why I want to spend some time examining how this institution developed its basic form in the improbable context of the United States in the nineteenth century. My argument is that the true hero of the story is the evolved form of the Ameri- can university, and that all the good things, like free speech, are the side effects of a structure that arose for other purposes. Indeed, I argue that the institution—an intellectual haven in a heartless utilitarian world—depends on attributes that we would publicly deplore: opacity, chaotic complexity, and hypocrisy. I tell this story in three parts. I start by exploring how the American sys- tem of higher education emerged in the nineteenth century, without a plan and without any apparent promise that it would turn out well. By 1900, I show how all the pieces of the current system had come together. This is the historical part. Then I show how the combination of these elements created an astonishingly strong, resilient, and powerful structure. I look at the way this structure deftly balances competing aims—the populist, the practical, and the elite. This is the sociological part. Then I veer back toward the issue raised in the title, to figure out what the connection is between the form of American higher education and the things that it is good for. This is the vaguely philosophical part. I argue that the form serves the extraordinarily useful functions of protecting those of us in the faculty from the real world, protecting us from each other, and hiding what


INTRODUCTION 180 I. HISTORY OF SECTION 74 OF THE INTERNAL; REVENUE CODE 182 A. The Original Section 74 182 B. Athletic Achievements 185 C. The Current Section 74 187 II. THE PROPOSED BILL 189 III. THE POLITICAL DEBATE 190 IV. ARGUMENT 193 A. What makes Olympians more worthy of a tax benefit than other athletes, or more generally, than all American citizens? 193 B. Olympians do not come home to an "extra" tax bill . 196 C. The proposed bill is contrary to the nation's goal to reduce the deficit 199 V. CONCLUSION 201


The invention discloses an alignment process for an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) position and azimuth determining system. The method combines the operating principles of a DII-180-degree calibration prism and the IMU position and azimuth determining system to verify the internal relation between the DII-180-degree calibration prism and the IMU position and azimuth determining system in space rotation process. According to the mounting type of the DII-180-degree calibration prism and the geodetic using condition of the IMU position and azimuth determining system, factors for influencing the precision of the position and azimuth determining system are determined, and a process method for eliminating the factors for influencing the precision of the position and azimuth determining system is provided. Finally, the simple, reliable and efficient high-precision alignment process method is developed.


In this paper, we formulate a natural conjecture on the location of mixed Tate motives in Voevodsky's triangulated category of motives over $\mathbb{Q}$. This conjecture is almost certainly well-known to practitioners. Nevertheless, motivation for making it explicit comes from the phenomenon of mirror symmetry in the theory of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Given a mirror pair $(M,W)$ of Calabi-Yau threefolds, the prepotential of the complexified Kahler moduli space of $M$ (which has flat coordinate $t$) has an expansion that contains a constant term $-\,Y_{000}/6$ and a cubic term $-\,Y_{111}\,t^3/6$. The number $Y_{111}$ is always a non-zero integer. On the other hand, in all cases where it has been computed, $Y_{000}$ is of the form (after an integral symplectic transformation) $$-3\, \chi (M) \,\zeta(3)/(2\,\pi\,i)^3$$ In the situation where $W$ has a one-dimensional deformation space, this paper uses mirror symmetry to deduce that the dual of the limit mixed Hodge structure at the large complex structure limit of $W$ contains an extension of $\mathbb{Q}(0)$ by $\mathbb{Q}(3)$ whose period is the coset of$-\,(2\,\pi\,i)^3 \, Y_{000}/(3\,Y_{111})$ in $\mathbb{C}/(2\,\pi\,i )^3\,\mathbb{Q}$. When the deformation space of $W$ forms part of a one-parameter algebraic family defined over $\mathbb{Q}$, this computation provides evidence for the motivic conjecture as well as a motivic interpretation of the occurrence of $\zeta(3)$ in mirror symmetry.


Dupilumab is a human monoclonal antibody that has recently been approved for the treatment of mild-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab inhibits the interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 signalling by binding specific subunits of the receptors. IL-4 is involved in the regulation of both innate and adaptive intestinal immune system, thus its possible role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been investigated. Several polymorphisms of IL-4 have been found in patients with IBD. Furthermore, the crucial role of IL-4 has been demonstrated in Th2-driven models of colitis as well as in Th1-related models of this disease. Finally, many studies have shown the increased production of IL-4 in two models of experimental colitis: the dextran sulphate sodium – related colitis and the oxazolone-related colitis. In the latter, a dual antagonist of IL-4/IL-13 has proved to ameliorate the course of the disease. In conclusion, IL-4 antagonists might play a role in the treatment of IBD, especially in ulcerative colitis, which shows a classic pattern of Th2-related disease. and suggests


Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of hydrological extremes, producing more droughts and heavy rainfall events globally. How warm‐season precipitation extremes will change over the Central U.S. is unclear because most coarse spatial resolution global climate models inadequately simulate hydrological extremes resulting from convective precipitation. However, the higher spatial resolution from dynamical downscaling potentially enables improved projections of future changes in extreme rainfall events. In this study, we downscaled two models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project‐Phase 5 (CMIP5) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model for one historical period (1990–1999), two future periods (2040–2049, 2090–2099) in a midrange emissions scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5), and one period (2090–2099) in a high emissions (RCP8.5) scenario. The diurnal cycle, extremes, and averages of precipitation in historical simulations compare well with observations. While the future change in the total amount of precipitation is unclear, model simulations suggest that summer rainfall will be less frequent, but more intense when precipitation does occur. Significant intensification of the heaviest rainfall events occurs in the models, with the greatest changes in the early warm season (April). Increases in total April–July rainfall and the enhancement of extreme rainfall events in the RCP8.5 2090s are related to a stronger Great Plains Low‐Level Jet (GPLLJ) during those months. Conversely, late warm‐season drying over the North Central U.S. is present in nearly all future simulations, with increased drought in August–September associated with a slight weakening of the GPLLJ. Simulated trends generally increase with stronger greenhouse gas forcing.


This study, which consists of two phases, explores the relationships between religion and coping with stress within the framework of interpersonal and intrapersonal communication. Both pastors and congregational members (n = 855) were surveyed about their perceptions of the role of religion in managing and coping with stress. A focus group involving five members of the clergy was implemented to conduct phase II of the research. This thesis examines how church relationships (i.e. with God, the pastor, and among congregational members) affect our abilities to function through stressful times. For phase I, a modified RCOPE survey (Pargament, Smith, Koenig, & Perez, 1998) was used to measure positive and negative patterns ofreligious coping methods. Positive strategies, identified as turning to God, during critical events and negative strategies were identified as turning away from God during times of crises. The positive patterns consisted of religious forgiveness, seeking spiritual support, collaborative religious coping, spiritual connection, religious purification, and benevolent religious reassessment. The negative patterns were defined by spiritual discontent, punishing God reassessments, interpersonal religious discontent, demonic reassessment, and reassessment of God's power. Results of the study revealed that individuals who have experienced some type of religious conversion and ministers made more use of the positive rather than the negative religious coping strategies. However, converts and ministers utilized both positive and negative religious copng strategies-e.g., Talking to God, Support, Punishment, and Expectancy Violation. Religious Coping Strategies 3


The utility model relates to a pencil sharpener which can easily replace a sharpening core. The pencil sharpener comprises a main frame, the sharpening core which is arranged on the main frame and a force transmission device which is connected with the sharpening core, wherein the sharpening core comprises a core frame and a knife blade which is arranged on the core frame. The utility model is characterized in that the sharpening core is respectively connected with the main frame and the force transmission device in the modes of convenient disassembly and nestification, wherein the nestification connection can be a connection of a shaft and the other shaft and can also be the connection of a bulge and a clamping groove. Because the sharpening core is respectively connected with the main frame and the force transmission device in the modes of convenient disassembly and nestification, when the sharpening core is damaged, the damaged sharpening core of the utility model can be easily taken out from the main frame and a good sharpening core can also be easily arranged on the main frame.


Several requirements analysis techniques widely used in safety-critical systems are being adapted to support the analysis of secure systems. Perhaps the most relevant system safety techique for Intrusion Detection Systems is hazard analysis.


Traditional Iranian cities have an orthogonal network of streets which does not conform to the maze of irregular, twisting lanes postulated for the ideal Islamic city. The grid system did not develop from an outgrowth of streets around rectangular religious buildings or from the orientation of Iranian houses to maximize seasonal usage, but rather it is due to irrigation systems. The orthogonal network of water channels corresponds to the slope of the land. Passageways follow these channels to reach various plots of cultivated land. Cities have expanded along the existing streets and water channels. The basic morphology of traditional Iranian cities was created by houses filling in adjacent rectangular fields and orchards.


Estimating human pose in static images is challenging due to the high dimensional state space, presence of image clutter and ambiguities of image observations. In this paper we propose a method to automatically segment human subjects in images, based on dominant colors, and given the face captured by a face detector. The posture is estimated using a 2D model combined with anthropometric data. Experimental results showed that the proposed technique performs well in non trivial images.


By interview and questionaire investigation,the exploration and utilization of national folk sport's curriculurn resources for ethnic colleges is investigated and analysed.It shows that there are abundant national folk sport's curriculum resources as well as great demands among students in Northwest University for Nationalities.Although some teachers have taken advantage of teaching methods for class naturally or half unconsciously,there are some restrictive factors.On the basis of results,the strategy of exploring physical education curriculum rescources with ethnic characteristics is investigated.Furthermore,what we do is targeted for providing reference for physical education curriculum reform in ethnic colleges and universities.


Education can determine the formation of learners" character, personality, and manners. Therefore, education is considered to be the most responsible for juvenile delinquency among students like brawl, drugs and free sex. Those deviances and crime indicate the low moral, manner and character of the nation. responding that phenomenon the government through the Ministry of National Education made a new effort of establishing character education model to improve the character and manner of learners. This does not mean that previously there was no character education, however today"s government emphasizes systematic character education. In this regard, teacher is the key factor of the successful implementation of character education because teacher makes direct interaction with learners. Teacher is required to prepare learning device and he then implement character education in the classroom. However, most of teachers still do not understand how to prepare Lesson Plan of character education let alone to carry it out. On the other hand, an education system that is supposed to be successful in establishing character building is the educational system in pesantren or madrasa. In principle, implanting characters is more effective through habituation and good example that is more likely pesantren or boarding school that is directly supervised by the teacher.


A collaborative filtering hybrid recommendation algorithm based on the idea of optimal combination prediction (BEST-CF) is proposed, and the effectiveness of BEST-CF is verified on Movielens 100K data set using the optimal combination of the user-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm (User-CF) and the item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm (Item-CF). Experiments results show that the BEST-CF algorithm significantly improves the rating prediction accuracy and can enhance the recommendation quality.


The introduction of magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) materials represents an intense field of research nowadays and the quest to reach above-room-temperature ordering temperatures is still underway. Intrinsic ferromagnetism was discovered in 2017 in CrI3 and Cr2Ge2Te6 in the monolayer form with low Curie temperatures. An alternative method to introduce magnetism into conventional 2D materials is substitutional doping with magnetic impurities similarly to three-dimensional diluted magnetic semiconductors. The case of Mn-doped transition metal dichalcogenide (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2) monolayers is very interesting because combining out-of-plane ferromagnetism and valley contrast leads to ferrovalley materials. In this work, we focus on the incorporation of Mn in MoSe2 by molecular beam epitaxy on graphene which has been rarely addressed up to now. By using a multiscale characterization approach, we demonstrate that Mn atoms are incorporated into the MoSe2 monolayer up to 5 atomic percent. However, when incorporated into the film, Mn atoms tend to diffuse to the grain edges forming undefined MoxMnySez phase at grain boundaries after completion of the MoSe2 monolayer. This segregation leaves the crystalline and electronic structure of MoSe2 unmodified. Above 5%, the saturation of Mn content in MoSe2 leads to the formation of epitaxial MnSe clusters.


This study examined farmers' perception of their level of participation in Public Agricultural Extension Service (PAES) in Soddo-zuria Woreda in Southern Ethiopia vis-a-vis seven selected farmers' characteristics; namely, sex, age, educational status, wealth status, farming experience, experience with extension and frequency of contact with extension agents. For this study, 225 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire. The study showed that farmers in Soddo-zuria Woreda perceived their level of participation to be low, and had significant correlation with sex, educational status, wealth status and frequency of contact with extension agents. Female, illiterate and poor farmers' perception of participation in the PAES was found to be lower than their male, literate and resource-rich counterparts. In a regression analysis, sex, educational status and wealth status explained 42.2% of the variance in farmers' perceived level of participation in the PAES, with educational status alone contributing about 35%. To enhance farmers' participation in the PAES, the Soddo-zuria Woreda Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development need to properly mainstream gender, combine pro-poor development strategies and integrate literacy programmes into the routine extension activities.

 Key words: Ethiopia, farmers' perception, farmers' participation, public agricultural extension, gender disparity.


This article borrows from the work of Clausewitz to posit two general approaches to the pursuit of limitation in war, one being political and the other technical. The political approach seeks to control escalation via consensual arrangements with the adversary, while the technical approach seeks to forestall escalation by peremptorily destroying the enemy's military capability. It is argued that the 'Revolution in Military Affairs' (RMA) instantiates the second, technical, approach to war limitation. By exploiting advanced technology, the US armed forces hope to limit the costs of war by defeating their adversaries in a rapid, decisive manner. The problems associated with this approach are discussed in relation to the nature of the conflicts that the US is likely to face in the foreseeable future. The article concludes by suggesting that such conflicts will require that more attention be paid to the political sources of limitation in war.


In order to reduce the cost of electric power, efforts have been made to increase utilization efficiency by means of load leveling. Sodium-sulfur (NAS) batteries offer an effective way of accomplishing this, storing excess power at night for use during the daytime. To charge and discharge efficiently, NAS batteries must be kept above 300°C, but if they become too hot due to resistance loss, etc. their lifetime is reduced. Thus to obtain efficient operation over the long term they must be provided with suitable means of controlling temperature. The on-off temperature control available from ordinary heaters, including auxiliary heaters, and heat radiation from the container (casing), however, are inadequate. The authors therefore set about to provide a heat-radiating mechanism suited to the characteristics of the NAS battery. As a result they have developed this high-temperature variable-conductance heat-pipe (VCHP) for NAS batteries, which provides ample temperature control capability and improved charge/discharge efficiency. This paper provides a description of the VCHP.


The transmission of electromagnetic radiation through the nonlinear one-dimensional photonic bandgap structure with different configurations are comparatively studied. It is found that the quarter-wavelength thickness arrangement gives rise to a wide window in the visible wavelength range. The modulated superlattice scheme only produces a number of narrow windows. The scheme using random layer thickness is expected to open a very wide window by making use of film nonlinearity when the number of layers is sufficient large. These nonlinear devices can be fabricated by using available materials.


It has already been reported by the authors [K. Kitahama, K. Hirata, H. Nakamatsu, S. Kawai, N. Fujimori, T. Imai, H. Yoshino, and A. Doi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 634 (1986)] that the formation of diamond was confirmed in an ArF excimer laser‐induced chemical vapor deposition experiment using acetylene as a carbon source. However, a careful reexamination of the reflection electron diffraction photographs afterward reveals that the deposit is something other than diamond. Raman spectra of the deposit were compared with those of other homologous substances. It is concluded that the structure of the deposit consists of individual graphite layers which are randomly translated parallel to the layers and rotated about the normal of the layers, although separations between individual graphite layers are kept constant. The structure is identical with that of the material known as a ''heat‐treated carbon black.''


The form of reconstruction for very small amplitude sinusoidal vibration is described with any amount of the frequency shift of the reference beam. The important result is that the reconstructed ir...


The invention discloses a long-life urban slate landscape road paving structure and belongs to the field of municipal engineering. The long-life urban slate landscape road paving structure comprises a slate layer and a soil foundation, and is characterized in that a lime stabilized soil layer, an asphalt macadam sealing layer, a flexible asphalt stabilized macadam foundation layer (LSPM-25) and an asphalt sand layer are sequentially paved between the soil foundation and the slate layer from bottom to top. Compared with the prior art, the long-life urban slate landscape road paving structure has the characteristics that underground water can be quickly drained; the using performance is not influenced; the service life is prolonged; the influence on traffic caused by maintenance is reduced. The long-life urban slate landscape road paving structure has good popularization and application values, and can be widely applied to design and construction of an urban slate landscape road.


How has this administrative change affcted the healthcare providers behaviour? Using a unique longitudinal database with 145 million stays, I study the dependence of the severity classification associated with hospital stays on a financial incentive, as well as the resulting budgetary reallocations. The classification of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) in France changed in 2009. The number of groups was multiplied by 4. Controlling for pathology indicators and hospital fixed e↵ects, I unambiguously demonstrate that a finer classification led to an "upcoding" of stays. Because of a fixed annual budget at the national level, these results directly imply that the upcoding led to a budget reallocation which increased the share of health spending that went to for-profit hospitals, at the expense of public nonresearch hospitals. This budget reallocation did not correspond to any change in the actual production of care.


Thirty-one consecutive patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated in the chronic phase with immunotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. Immunotherapy consisted of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and allogeneic myeloblasts given by vaccination, and chemotherapy comprised busulfan p.o. in most patients. No randomly allocated control group was designated, but patient characteristics appear to be typical of those of other published groups. Twenty-eight of 31 patients were followed from diagnosis to death, and the three remaining patients were followed for over 5 years. The median survival of the patients in our group was 37 months. There was a constant rate of decline in survival with time, with a mean annual death rate of 30% per year. Twenty-five of the 31 patients terminated in blast crisis. One of 21 patients achieved complete remission in blast crisis of myeloid or indeterminate type, and three of four patients achieved complete remission for blast crisis of lymphoid type. The median survival, the rate of decline in survival, and the remission rate in blast crisis do not appear to differ from those of comparable groups of patients treated with chemotherapy alone.


This paper presents the force control strategies and a kind of compliance control strategies of the hydraulic- driven unit (HDU) in the legged robots. The model of HDU is established and the transfer function of the HDU force control system is given. The analysis of the force control strategies is introduced according to the characteristic of the HDU system. Based on the force control strategy called velocity feedback control strategy which performs the best, the virtual model control strategy which is a kind of compliance control strategy is presented to enhance the adaptability of the legged robot. Finally, the experiments are taken on the HDU experiment platform to test the performance of the force control strategies and the compliance control strategy. The landing buffer experiments are taken on the single leg robot to verify the effectiveness of the compliance control strategy. In the landing buffer experiments, the impact force of the single leg robot's knee HDU is about 0.33 time of what it is without the compliance control strategy while landing.


Topology is the basis of connectivity analysis and critical nodes identification for Ad Hoc network. The existing methods of topology inference are divided into two types: cooperative and non-cooperative. The cooperative inference methods are usually based on the premise of network access. It usually needs to send a large number of detection packets, and the operation cost is large. The non-cooperative inference methods are usually based on the analysis of a large number of detection data, but the data acquisition is difficult and takes a long time. From the view of coverage, this paper inferred the physical topology of Ad Hoc network with critical transmission distance under the condition that the location information and the number of nodes, the size of the deployment area are known. The simulation results on Exata demonstrate the feasibility of the inference method.


Objective To construct CD147 siRNA expression vector in o rder to analyze the role of CD147 in the invasion and metastasis of tumors deriv ed from skin.Methods According to CD147 cDNA sequence in the Genebank,a pair of 64-nt oligonucleotides,each containing the sites of restriction endonucleas e at both ends,were designed and synthesized.Oligonucleotides were annealed an d ligated with linearized pSUPER by T4DNA ligase.The recombinants (named pSUPER /CD147 siRNA ) were finally sequenced and identified by PCR and restriction end onuclease digestion.Results CD147 siRNA expression vector was successfully co nstructed and identified by double endonuclease digestion.Sequence analysis of inserted fragment revealed the same sequence as synthesized siRNA oligonucleotid es.Conclusions CD147 siRNA expression vector has been successfully constructed,which paves the way for studying the role of CD147 in the invasion and metasta sis of tumor cells derived from skin as well as in tumor therapy.


The main problems related to chemotherapy mainly come from a relative lack of selectivity, that isassociated to the extensive biodistribution of antitumor molecules, and to the severe side effectsgenerated by the unspecific drug action on healthy tissues and organs. The need of finding outefficient treatments against cancer has led to an enhancement in the number of research lines in thefield. In this way, one of the most promising approaches is the development of biodegradable colloidsfor the delivery of antitumor drugs. Thanks to them, it is possible to specifically concentrate the druginto the site of action. Therefore, a significant improvement of the chemotherapy effect is obtainedalong with a minimization of the related adverse side effects. In this review, we analyze the current"state of the art" in the development of colloidal systems for the efficient delivery of anticancerdrugs. The possibilities of novel drug delivery strategies based on passive and active targetingmechanisms are also discussed.


On 13th May 1373, when Julian of Norwich was thirty and one-half years old, she received sixteen revelations. It is supposed, but not proven, that the short text of her Showings was recorded shortly afterwards. Julian then meditated on these revelations for fifteen years before producing the second version of her text.' What lies in the spiritual experience of Julian which requires that she re-tell her story? Where does the long text of Julian's Showings bring us that the short text does not?


In recent years, optical imaging techniques have gained wide recognition for the measurement of vital signals, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, which are crucial indicators for evaluating human health conditions in clinical examinations. There is a wide range of optical imaging methods for remote physiological signal monitoring, including RGB imaging, thermal imaging, hyperspectral imaging, depth imaging, and multimodal imaging, which provide spatial information compared to other noncontact measurement approaches, thereby allowing extensive applications in this area. In this survey, some fundamental knowledge about optical imaging methods for vital signal measurement is reviewed, including principles of various optical imaging techniques, processing methods for data analysis, discussion on advantages and disadvantages, application summary, and future prospects. This is a comprehensive overview of the noncontact physiological signal measurement of optical imaging approaches.


New and investigational therapies for psoriasis were main points of discussion at the 73rd annual meeting of the AAD. The safety profile of currently available biologic agents was also a frequent topic, and the interim reports of large patient registries are quite favorable. We can look forward to more data regarding the effect of psoriasis therapies on comorbidities, as well as effective therapies for pediatric psoriasis. As more advances are made in gene sequencing, we can expect a greater convergence of genetics and therapeutics. With all of the discoveries occurring in the field of psoriasis, there is great potential for decreasing the burden of this systemic disease.


Purpose: Shoulder/arm morbidity is a known complication of breast cancer surgery and radiotherapy (RT), but the consequences of choosing one RT technology over another for shoulder/arm morbidity are not clearly defined. In this work, we examine early breast cancer patients to compare the incidence of shoulder/arm morbidity, including breast cancer related lymphedema (BCRL) of the arm, between conventional RT and short-course, image-guided RT (IGRT) treatments. Methods: We randomized patients between post-surgery IGRT over 3 weeks and conventional RT over 5 to 7 weeks, as part of the TomoBreast trial (whose primary endpoint was to assess pulmonary and cardiac toxicities). BCRL and shoulder/arm mobility were assessed prior to and between one and three months following RT, using physical function assessment and common terminology criteria for adverse events. Intention to treat analyses used the matched-pairs t-test for continuous measurements and the chi-squared test for categorical data. Results: Analysis of the first 91 evaluable patients found that >80% experienced an increase in the adverse event score in at least one shoulder/arm mobility measurement, and 18% had BCRL symptoms. Arm volume on both sides increased significantly and significant impairment of movement occurred in both limbs. However, there was no significant difference in BCRL incidence or shoulder/arm mobility impairment between the treatment groups. Conclusion: One to three months after treatment, short-course IGRT had not increased shoulder/arm morbidity compared with conventional RT. Although confirmation requires a longer follow-up, the results support the use of a short-course schedule. The incidental finding that morbidity affected the contralateral limb warrants further investigation.


One hundred and sixty-eight men who were participants in the study 'Men born in 1914' had their blood pressure and cognitive function examined when they were 68 years old. They were then re-examined at the age of 81. Decline on five standardized cognitive tests at the age of 81 years was studied in relation to four levels of baseline blood pressure at the age of 68. Results from multivariate analyses suggested that blood pressure, when studied in conjunction with other factors related to cognitive function, contribute to a rather modest extent and not unambiguously to the variability in cognitive decline. When decline on each separate test had been combined into a composite measure, where equal weight had been given to memory, crystallized and fluid abilities, it was shown that hypertension stage 2 (SBP 160-179 mmHg or DBP 100-109 mmHg) was associated with greater levels of overall decline. Hypertension stage 3 (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg or DBP ≥ 110 mmHg), on the other hand, was associated with lower levels of overall decline. Depressive symptoms at follow-up had a negative effect on cognitive levels and were discussed as potential confounders of hypertension-related cerebral lesions.


The incidence of acne in adult men is not as common as it is in female patients, but, nevertheless, some men do seek acne treatment from dermatologists, according to Vic A. Narurkar, M.D., F.A.A.D., founder and director, Bay Area Laser Institute, San Francisco. Adult men usually do not seek treatment for acne as frequently as they do for other conditions, such as rosacea.


This paper examines the relation between auditor industry specialization and analysts' beginning-of-the-year earnings forecast accuracy. It predicts that the higher industry specialization of the auditors will improve the quality of external financial reports and thus mitigates the analysts' forecast error. It also predicts that higher audit quality will have a negative association with analyst forecast dispersion. The empirical test results on Australian listed firms from the year 2003 to 2012 does not find evidence of association between audit firm industry specialization and analysts' beginning-of the year earnings forecast error. However, firms with higher analysts forecast error is associated with lower forecast dispersion among analysts, which is consistent with the prediction that analysts are consistent with predicting future earnings and analysts possess similar traits in terms of difference with the actual earnings. Additional analysis also finds that's larger firms have less forecast errors compared to smaller firms. The findings contribute to the growing literature on auditing and financial reporting quality in Australian context.


Abstract This paper is dealing with the problem of finding the "best" multipoint Padé approximant of an analytic function when data in some neighborhoods of sampling points are more important than others. More exactly, we obtain a multipoint Padé approximants as limits of best rational Lp-approximations on union of disks, when the measure of them tends to zero with different speeds. As such, this technique provides useful qualitative and analytic information concerning the approximants, which is difficult to obtain from a strictly numerical treatment.


Does lithium cause renal impairment? This crossover study examined 20 patients with mood disorders to determine whether different lithium dosing regimens result in significant differences in renal function.

All patients had been stabilized on a constant …


When implementing the same group genetic information, repeatability occurs. With sufficient repeatability, the feature becomes effective and selection for that feature at an early age or under any conditions. In the article considered and analyzed the high lactation of seventeen pairs "mother-daughter" mares Novoaleksandrovsky draft breed. The repeatability factor (rw) was within 0.65... 0.68. The repeatability of the milk yield ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 in mothers; in daughters from 0.02 to 0.66. In mother-daughter pairs by milk yield and lactation: relatively high coefficient of heredity (h2 = 0.74) and high coefficient of repeatability (rw = 0.91). Taking into account the established coefficients of heredity and repeatability, the productivity of stud of the Novoaleksandrovsky draft breed of the studied population is largely due to genetic factors, makes it effective to select animals according to their own productivity.


The DES-1 is a new digital computer system, espe cially designed for the solution of ordinary differ ential equations. The major components are (1) the SDS 9300, a high-speed digital computer, (2) a mathe matical operator language, and (3) a console. The mathematical operator language is analogous to the computing elements of the analog computer. Thus both the DES-1 and analog computer can be programmed the same way (although the DES-1 has several more operations). Consequently an analog computer operator can learn to program the DES-1 easily and can use much of the programming expe rience acquired on the analog computer. Further more, the use of floating-point arithmetic eliminates all need for amplitude scaling. The console provides rapid communication between the operator and the DES-1 and allows problem mode control and changes even as the com putations are being made. Some of the modes are RESET, OPERATE, and HOLD, while typical changes include parameters, initial conditions, and even equa tion structure. The DES-1, therefore, combines the advantages of the digital computer 1. Accuracy 2. Reliability 3. Ease of program and data storage 4. Ability to perform algebraic operations with those of the analog computer 1. Convenience of programming through use of the mathematical operator language 2. Rapid communication between operator and computer to produce a computer which has advantages over both conventional analog and digital computers in solving differential equations.


There is mounting evidence that human exposure to chemicals at levels once thought to be safe (or presenting insignificant risk) could be harmful. So-called low-level exposures have been linked with adverse biological effects including endocrine disruption (1), chemical sensitivity (2), and cancer (3). In the 16th century, Paracelsus observed that the dose makes the poison. A more apt and modern revision might be that the host plus the dose makes the poison. Prior susceptibility of the host, whether inborn or environmentally induced, followed by other lifetime exposures, can cause irreversible injury. Humans in their most vulnerable developmental state, whether in the womb or during infancy, warrant special consideration, both in their own right and as sentinel indicators. The emerging science associated with low-level chemical exposures requires that we change both (1) the way we think about chemicals and health, including the adequacy of quantitative risk assessment, and (2) the solutions we devise to prevent and address chemically-caused injury.


Opinion is formed through information in the mass media that causes controversy and reap the response of the community to finally be able to influence the decision in the general election. The 2019 election was a very interesting political event, because at the same time the Indonesian people elected the President and the people's representatives. The theory used in this research is the theory of opinion formation that has been developed by Noelle-Neumann, the Spiral of Silence theory. The research method uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interview techniques at ten (10) Bem activists in 5 (five) universities in Jember Regency. The results showed that the opinions that emerged from several Bem FISIP administrators in Jember District were very diverse, they channeled them through social media which was considered as the most updated media.


In this paper, the critical poses of PPS-RRS-PRS Hybrid Parallel Robot Manipulators (HPRMs) are geometrically investigated in Double Algebra (DA) approach. The screw theory and a reciprocal screw of dyad joints borrowed from the projective space to obtain the geometrically symbolic form of the inverse of the Jacobian matrix (J) which is expressed in the Global Wrench System (GWS) term called superbrackets. These superbrackets mean the symbolic form of the joints screw lines which are the Plücker coordinate finite lines or lines at infinity related to the Hybrid Parallel Robot Manipulators (HPRMs). The critical configurations arise when these Plücker coordinate lines vectors become linearly dependent at the vanished points of the superbrackets. The results of the investigation are the following: the four planes defined by the position of the joints intersected at last at one point which means that the fourth plane passes through the point defined by the other three. Both the base frame and mobile platform lie in a parallel plan. The key contribution in this paper is a determination of singularity condition of Robots Manipulators and rigidity framework without algebraic calculus by Grassmann-Cayley Algebra approach. This paper calculated the determinant of the Jacobian Matrices in a coordinatefree manner by developing and reducing the Superbracket expression. A novelty of this research from other research is that the Hybrid Parallel Original Research Article Akonde; JSRR, 21(2): 1-10, 2018; Article no.JSRR.44010 2 Robot with no identical leg was cheeked and investigated by Grassmann-Cayley Algebra. Not only fully parallel robot may be studied using Double Algebra, but no-identical legs hybrid parallel robot should be also analysed using Double Algebra.


Assessment of practical work has traditionally been very subjective, often inaccurate and lacking validity. This paper addresses practical assessment and introduces an assessment tool for these issues, namely Computer Assisted Assessment System (CAAS). Practical assessment (the assessment of the practical component of competency) may be by observation, by demonstration, or project-based, or by simulation. These tried and proven methods by themselves will not guarantee validity or results that are comparable. To evaluate assessment methods and assessment tools, we have to examine the needs of a statewide or national assessment system and the needs of those involved in assessment.


ABSTRACT Private military and security companies (PMSCs) play an increasingly important role in the provision of security-related services. In their attempts to win new clients and find suitable personnel, they take on different identities by presenting themselves as conventional businesses, military actors, and humanitarians. In this article, we examine how PMSCs deploy these identities when they recruit new personnel through social media. Our computer-assisted content analysis of Twitter messages posted by two major United States-based companies—CACI and DynCorp International—shows that while both PMSCs amplify their business and military identities to attract the most talented personnel, they construct and communicate these identities in different ways with CACI branding itself as a sophisticated, modern, and patriotic business and DynCorp as a home-grown, traditional military provider. In addition, our analysis lends force to scholars suggesting that state militaries and the private security sector compete increasingly for prospective employees using similar strategies.


Many existing UML tools are far too heavyweight for quickly producing a few simple models. These heavyweight UML tools usually contain large amounts of functionality, which can lead to usability problems and poor productivity. Lightweight web-based UML tools are designed to support quick and easy production of models. The use of the web has added benefits including portability and group collaboration. This report discusses lightweight groupware UML case tools and presents a lightweight web-based class diagram editor that requires no web browser extensions.


As the power of constitutional courts all over the world is increasing, we still know very little about support for emergent courts and especially support for supranational courts develops. So in order to better understand the development of support for constitutional courts, this paper compares the sources of confidence in constitutional courts in four cases. The comparison extends both cross-nationally and cross-institutionally by contrasting public support a well-established constitutional court-the Federal Constitutional Court or the Bundesverfassungsgericht in West Germany-to support for three emergent courts-the Bundesverfassungsgericht in East Germany and the European Court of Justice in both West and East Germany. Building on previous research that demonstrated a link between support for the national and the supranational link, the legitimacy transfer hypothesis is tested against additional evidence ... [t]he present study supplements the first part of the research with qualitative data obtained from focus group interviews. Based on preliminary results form a series of focus groups conducted in West Germany (the East German focus groups will follow soon), people do indeed make a functional connection between the national and the supranational court. Unlike the other institutions of government both courts are seen as that are fundamentally trustworthy. The European Court of Justice is considered as the functional equivalent of the Federal Constitutional Court at a different level of government. Even though the results are still preliminary (the East German focus groups have yet to be conducted), the evidence corroborates the legitimacy transfer hypothesis.


We show the applicability of the dual heuristic programming (DHP) method of approximate dynamic programming to parameter tuning of a fuzzy control system. DHP and related techniques have been developed in the neurocontrol context but can be equally productive when used with fuzzy controllers or neuro-fuzzy hybrids. We demonstrate this technique on a highly nonlinear 2nd order plant proposed by Sanner and Slotine (1992). Throughout our example application, we take advantage of the Takagi-Sugeno model framework to initialize our tunable parameters with reasonable problem specific values, a practice difficult to perform when applying DHP to neurocontrol.


This study aimed at investigating the difficulty of pronouncing English consonant clusters encountered by universities teaching staff of English who are Sudanese native speakers of Arabic (SNSA). The researcher assumed that there are difficulties of pronouncing English clusters among SNSA learners of EFL. The study followed descriptive analytical method in order to elaborate and analyze the cause of the problem via statistical analysis of the gathered data. To obtain the necessary data for the study, the researchers designed a diagnostic test consisting of some phrases / sentences that confined to the research questions and hypotheses, to be audio-recorded. Accordingly after the necessary data were collected, the data were statistically calculated and computed by means of percentage. Based on the analysis and the results obtained, the study reveals that there is difficulty among SNSA, learners of English as foreign language in pronouncing English consonant clusters especially at initial and medial ones.


We investigate coherent excitonic coupling in asymmetric double quantum wells with varying barrier thickness using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. The coupling is isolated and characterized as cross peaks in two-dimensional spectra.


Abstract The purpose of this paper is to report the preliminary results depicting some of the direct measurements made by sounding rockets at Point Mugu, Calif. The data show good correlation with theoretical standards and high level balloon soundings.


Abstract 835 DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications in the vertebrate genome and is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferase enzymes Dnmt1, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. We observed a dynamic expression profile of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in the hematopoietic system with both enzymes expressed at exponentially higher levels in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) compared to progenitors and differentiated cells and hypothesized that some of the unique characteristics of HSCs were epigenetically regulated by Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b. To study this, we crossed Dnmt3a and -3b conditional knock-out (KO) mice to Mx1-cre mice to generate inducible single- and double-KO (dKO) mice. We performed competitive transplantation of HSCs (side-population+c-Kit+Lineage-Sca-1+ = SPKLS) from these mice along with wild-type whole bone marrow competitor and induced deletion of the Dnmt39s in the donor cells by sequential pIpC injections in the wild-type recipients. No dramatic differences were observed in primary recipients in the absence of other hematopoietic perturbation, however when we re-transplanted Dnmt3a- and Dnmt3b-KO HSCs into secondary recipients, they exhibited surprisingly high peripheral blood reconstitution compared to control HSCs (>4-fold increase in engraftment). This was reflected in the bone marrow of these mice with a corresponding >4-fold expansion of the HSC pool (phenotypically defined by any of SPKLS; CD34-Flk2-KLS; CD150+CD48-KLS) with virtually all of these cells being derived from the Dnmt3a- and Dnmt3b-KO donor HSCs. Consistent with a previous study, we observed a decline in functional output of Dnmt3a/3b-dKO HSCs in secondary transplants in terms of peripheral blood chimerism, but surprisingly these mice also exhibited a modest expansion of the HSC pool (∼2-fold), the majority of which were derived from donor Dnmt3a/3b-dKO HSCs. In subsequent tertiary and quaternary transplantation, Dnmt3 single-KO HSCs remained highly superior in peripheral blood engraftment capacity relative to control HSCs and Dnmt3a/3b-dKO HSCs (Figure 1), although the expansion of the HSC pool in all Dnmt3-KOs continued to varying degrees. This enhanced HSC activity appears to be a cell autonomous mechanism as purified Dnmt3-KO SPKLS cells from transplanted mice have much greater hematopoietic colony forming potential in vitro compared to control HSCs on a per cell basis. However the observed HSC expansion does not appear attributable to either enhanced proliferation of Dnmt3-KO HSCs or more resistance to apoptosis. The serially-transplanted Dnmt3-KO HSCs are not overtly transformed, in that the levels of differentiated blood cells are still normal and the mice appear to be healthy. This may be akin to a pre-malignant state seen in human myelodysplastic syndrome. We have performed microarray expression profiling of serially-transplanted Dnmt3-KO HSCs and identified several candidate genes which are currently being investigated as the mechanism for HSC expansion. Our data suggest ablation of de novo DNA methylation in HSCs uncouples normal self-renewal and differentiation. These studies present further evidence for the contribution of epigenetic regulation to stem cell activity and provide a tantalizing link between potential aberrant methylation in HSCs contributing to leukemic transformation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objectives: to identify characteristics of the mother related to failure of treatment of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy using metformin. Methods: an observational retrospective study (July 2008- September 2010), with 104 pregnant women with pregnancy-related diabetes mellitus needing therapy to complement dietary treatment and using metformin. The women were divided into two groups: successful treatment (n=82), where the drug was maintained up to delivery; treatment failure (n=22) where the drug was replaced by insulin. The maternal variables studied were age, number of deliveries, weight gain during pregnancy, fasting glycaemia and two hours after OGTT75g, gestational age on diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Variables relating to the newborn were incidence of GIG and neonatal hypoglycaemia. The clinical and metabolic characteristics of the mother and perinatal results were compared. The level of significance used was 5%. Results: there were diferences in the gestational


Abstract : Sixty-six graduate business students were assigned to represent union or company according to their attitudes about industrial relations. After receiving information about a strike which had started, each S participated in joint study, unilateral study or strategy groups, then bargained with an S representing the other side who had the same prior group experience. Negotiators with study group experience needed six simulated days or less, on the average, to reach agreement. Strategy planners averaged 32.6 simulated days in negotiations, experiencing many deadlocks. In comparison to unilateral study, bilateral study primarily affected agreement about the importance of issues but not the ease of negotiations. Longer strikes produced settlements more costly to the company, but closer to the rate prevailing in comparable firms. Task-oriented negotiators reach agreements closer to this going rate.


In order to take advantage of the promotional potential of the music video, the country music industry was forced to adapt a medium with conventions and aesthetic elements established by other musical genres – by pop and rock. And to reach its distinct market country music video also had to incorporate country's own established iconographic elements. This iconography is constructed and understood in two ways: through the traditional concerns of country music lyrics; and through the history of visual media based on and developed around the genre. Country music has, in fact, been associated with the screen since movies could first talk, from Jimmie Rodgers' 1929 movie short The Singing Brakeman through thousands of singing cowboy movies to the national television exposure that culminated in Hee Haw.


Agricultural soil could be a major sink of carbon with appropriate cropping system and soil management. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of CA cropping systems to store carbon into soil from belowground biomass. Three cropping systems were compared: (1) rotation of upland rice followed by maize intercropped with Crotalaria grahamiana, with no tillage (R-MC_NT), (2) rotation of rice followed by oat (Avena sativa) intercropped with vetch (Vicia villosa), with no tillage (R-OV_NT), and (3) rotation of rice followed by maize intercropped with common bean, with conventional tillage (R-MB_CT). The two components of the rotation were cultivated each year. Maize, rice, crotalaria, common bean, oat and vetch were fertilized with 5 Mg ha-1 of "improved" manure. The experiment was conducted in a research station. Henin & Dupuis model was used to simulate the change of soil carbon content according these three treatments. Compared to the total carbon input by both above- and below- ground biomass, 29%, 34% and 46%, so 1.40, 1.70 and 1.14 Mg ha-1, were attributed by plant roots, for R-MC_NT, R-MB_CT and R-OV_NT systems, respectively. Simulations in 20 years showed higher increasing of carbon stored with R-MC_NT system (from 71 to 84%). (Texte integral)


Cadmium (Cd) can induce oxidative stress by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affect the antioxidant defense systems, leading to cellular damage. Supplementation with antioxidants may protect against Cd-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effect of germinated brown rice (GBR), brown rice (BR), and white rice (WR) extracts against Cd-induced toxicity in human placenta (JEG-3) cells. The cytotoxicity of Cd and rice extracts was measured by MTT assay, and pre-treatments with GBR, BR, and WR before Cd exposure were examined. Intracellular ROS levels and the expression of SOD2 and GPx4 were determined by DCFH-DA assay and western blot, respectively. An antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as a positive control. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of rice extracts were investigated by DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods, respectively. The GBR extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content, followed by BR and WR, respectively. Cd decreased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, whereas incubation with 0.1 - 0.5 mg/mL showed no toxicity in all rice extracts. Moreover, Cd treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased ROS levels. Conversely, treatments with GBR and BR extracts decreased ROS. Similar results were observed for combinatorial treatments of GBR and BR with Cd, except for WR treatment. Additionally, significant increased SOD2 and decreased GPx4 expression levels were evident in the GBR group and in both GBR and BR pre-treated groups, respectively, compared to Cd exposure alone. These results suggest that brown rice pre-treatments may ameliorate oxidative status induced by Cd in cultured human placental cells.


Reactive dc magnetron sputtering onto glass-based substrates yielded deposits of thermochromic VO2 with well-developed nanorods and nanowires. Their formation was promoted by high substrate temperature (above ∼500 °C), sufficient film thickness, proper inlet of the reactive gas, dispersed gold "seeds," and pronounced substrate roughness. Rutherford back scattering ascertained mass thicknesses, scanning electron microscopy depicted the nanostructures, and glancing incidence X-ray diffraction proved that single-phase VO2 was normally formed. Spectrophotometric measurements of total and diffuse transmittance and reflectance on VO2 thin films, at room temperature and ∼100 °C, allowed us to determine complex dielectric functions below and above the "critical" temperature for thermochromic switching (∼68 °C). These data were then used in computations based on the Bruggeman effective medium theory applied to randomly oriented prolate spheroidal structural units to derive the optical properties of the deposits. Experimental and computed data on spectral absorptance were found to be in good qualitative agreement.


In this technical note, some observations on the computation of the bearing capacity factor Ny are presented by performing numerical experiments using displacement control. The paper demonstrates that the same value of Ny can be computed regardless of the footing width when the same mesh is used for each footing analysis, provided the footing width to the depth of the first row of elements is kept constant. For simplicity, a smooth footing was assumed. In the numerical experiments presented here, an elastic-perfectly plastic linear Mohr-Coulomb constitutive soil model was used. Using this type of constitutive model no pre-peak strain hardening, post-peak strain softening or pressure dependence of the friction angle is simulated. (A)


This study focuses on the ancient commentaries on Plato's Phaedo by Olympiodorus and Damascius and aims to present the relevance of their challenging and valuable readings of the dialogue to Neoplatonic ethics.


This paper has pedagogical motivation. It is not uncommon that students have great difficulty in accepting the new concepts of standard special relativity, since these seem contrary to common sense. Experience shows that geometrical or graphically exposition of the basic ideas of relativity theory improves student understanding of the algebraic expressions of the theory. What we suggest here may complement standard textbook approaches.


QT Interval prolongation is common in insulin resistance state obesity. Insulin-induced hyperpolarization might be involved in ventricular repolarization leading to QTc lengthening. Therefore, this study is designated to investigate the relationship between corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation and insulin resistance in obese adult male subjects. Apparently healthy adult male subjects (n=100) aged between 18-35 years residing in Magway Township were recruited by simple random sampling method. Then all the eligible subjects were categorized into 2 groups: non-obese [body mass index (BMI) 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, n= 40] and obese group [BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, n=60] by their anthropometric parameters. Serum fasting glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin level was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Insulin sensitivity was calculated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). The QT interval was measured by routine 12-lead ECG and corrected QT interval (QTc) was calculated according to Bazett's formula. In the present study, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) was higher in obese subjects (4.64±2.3) than that of non-obese subjects (2.5±0.89) (p 3.8 was considered as insulin resistance (IR) and QTc > 440ms was regarded as QTc interval prolongation. Insulin resistance was significantly associated with prolonged QTc interval in the study population (X2=7.3, p< 0.05, n=100). Risk of QTc interval prolongation was 3.4 times higher in subjects with IR (Odd ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.37 to 8.45). It was concluded that prolonged QTc interval is associated with insulin resistance state.


The Notification-Oriented Paradigm (NOP)defines a new approach for conception, structuring, and execution of software leading to performance improvements, organization of causal knowledge, and decoupling of programming entities when compared to standard solutions based upon current paradigms, such as the Imperative Paradigm (IP) and the Declarative Paradigm (DP). These paradigms present drawbacks such as waste of processing capacity and coupling among entities, due to their orientation to a monolithic inference mechanism that is based on causal evaluation implemented by means of searches over passive computational entities. The NOP, however, proposes a different approach of structuring software and realization of its inferences, which are based upon small, smart, and decoupled collaborative entities that interact by means of precise notifications. In this way, NOP achieves responsiveness, distributiveness, consistency, and robustness. These features are among the demands of Sentient Computing that combines ubiquitous and 'traditional' computing providing monitoring actuation on a given environment. This paper analyzes the NOP applicability to Sentient Computing by confronting the demands of the latter with the characteristics of the former. As conclusion, the NOP is considered applicable to this sort of computational system.


The present invention relates to a pressure-color device, wherein the device exhibits a reversible change in appearance caused by an external force applied, and when the external force is removed after a set period of relaxation times return to its original appearance. In one embodiment, the device comprises a transparent or translucent cover layer and the magnetic layer, wherein between the cover layer and the magnetic layer containing a liquid medium may be magnetically aligned pigment.


This note compares the performance of two multidimensional search and optimization algorithms: Group Search Optimizer and Central Force Optimization. GSO is a new state-of-the-art algorithm that has gained some notoriety, consequently providing an excellent yardstick for measuring the performance of other algorithms. CFO is a novel deterministic metaheuristic that has performed well against GSO in previous tests. The CFO implementation reported here includes architectural improvements in errant probe retrieval and decision space adaptation that result in even better performance. Detailed results are provided for the twenty-three function benchmark suite used to evaluate GSO. CFO performs better than or essentially as well as GSO on twenty functions and nearly as well on one of the remaining three. Includes update 24 February 2010.


Inappropriate and inaccurate counseling with regard to abortion and the risk of breast cancer may result if readers accept without critical review Lucille Canty's biased article on the association between induced abortion and breast cancer printed in Oncology Nursing Forum (ONF). The potential resulting psychological harm could be considerable. The current debate over whether women have increased risk of developing breast cancer after an induced abortion continues, and the findings produced thus far have been inconclusive. Many scientists, including researchers at the National Cancer Institute, do not agree that any connection exists between induced abortion and breast cancer. Considering the complexity of assessing risk, a more thorough discussion of methodologic issues when assessing risk would have better served ONF readers. Furthermore, a less biased approach would have presented each of the studies more objectively. Finally, the conclusions which Canty drew in her abstract and article did not reflect the relative risks and conclusions drawn in the current literature she cited on the subject in her text.


In order to investigate microstructural variation by 2-1-1 addition in partially melted Y–Ba–Cu–O, a specimen resulting from 2-1-1 added to 1-2-3 was heat-treated through the peritectic temperature. Microstructure was observed on the directionally solidified region near the interface of the two samples. The 2-1-1 addition results in a homogeneous microstructure where no remnant liquid phase is present. It reduced the 1-2-3 plate thickness, as well as suppressed the formation of microcracks due to the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transition or the thermal contraction during cooling from the peritectic temperature. The formation of microcracks induced by the phase transition seems to be closely related to the process of oxygen diffusion into a sample. We discuss the formation of microcracks in terms of the oxygen diffusion along the plate boundaries and of the thickness of 1-2-3 plates. The decrease in the plate thickness and the fine dispersion of 2-1-1 particles contribute suppression of the formation of microcracks and their propagation.


2454 Olaus Magnus is a main belt asteroid with an orbital period of 3.3804 years and was discovered by Y. Vaisla on 1941 September 21 at Turku (JPL, 2012). It has also been known as 1941 SS, 1968 QQ, and 1975 XV. There is no reference in the asteroid lightcurve database (LCDB; Warner et al., 2009). Photometric observations of the asteroid were made from the Frank T. Etscorn Campus Observatory at New Mexico Tech in 2012 October and November. Two telescopes were used, each a 35.6-cm f/11 Schmidt-Cassegrain. Both used an SBIG STL-1001E CCD with 1024x1024 24-micron pixels resulting in a plate scale of 1.25 arcsec/pixel. The exposure time was 300 seconds through a clear filter. The CCDs were set to –25oC. The images were dark subtracted using CCDSoft (Software Bisque, 2012), and flat-field corrected using the batch processing tools within MPO Canopus (Warner, 2012). MPO Canopus was used to measure the processed images and obtain the lightcurve. Analysis of the data found a synodic period of P = 3.804 ± 0.002 h with an amplitude of 0.39 ± 0.10 mag.


As opposed to most human made materials, biologic structural materials employed for skeletons or teeth show a hierarchical architecture, where the components of organic macromolecules and mineral substance are inter-weaved on many length scales in order to form a composite material. In the overall skeleton the organic biopolymer fibres provide flexibility and tensile strength while the mineral provides a high elastic modulus, compressive strength, hardness and resistance to abrasion. The hierarchical composite architecture provides fracture toughness. The morphogenesis
of the biomaterial as a whole and of the mineral particles is guided by the organic matrix. In this paper we use the example of rhynchonelliform brachiopods to discuss the nano- to macroscale assemblage.


This paper investigates the distributed tracking control of a group of underactuated quadrotors in the presence of actuator faults in three‐dimensional space. Using consensus protocol and sliding mode algorithm, a distributed finite‐time fault‐tolerant formation control scheme is developed. The whole closed‐loop system is composed by position loop, attitude loop, and propeller speed loop. A propeller speed fault‐tolerant controller is developed to deal with the unexpected faults of quadrotors. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed through Lyapunov analysis. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by some numerical simulations.


This research explores the mental image or perception that young Spanish people have of secular NGOs that work for children in the area of international cooperation for development. The techniques used have


To the problem of locomotive charged through split-phase in electric railway,this paper makes statistical analysis about the hazards,compares the differences of burning loss and arc formation mechanism under differential pressures of split-phase,and gives the reasonable explanation for the burning loss of catenary wire at the articulated wire.It also analyzes the operation status of traction substation's protection devices,and put forward the protection setting principle when the protection phase-to-phase short circuit fault occurs at the traction substation.Finally,some corresponding countermeasures are given for the burning loss of split-phase.


Objective:The observation and summary of nimodipine in the treatment of acute traumatic brain swelling caused by the clinical efficacy.Methods:April,2007-April,2009 of 44 cases treated by cranial CT confirmed traumatic brain swelling were randomly divided into nimodipine treatment group and control group to observe and compare the patients in arachnoids under the hemorrhage,brain swelling degree of cerebral contusion edema volume and neurological deficit score difference before and after treatment.Results:Compared with group,the nimodipine group manifests significant effect in absorption of subarachnoid hemorrhage,brain swelling degree of cerebral contusion edema volume and neurological deficit score(P0.05)than the control group,and the sooner the application of nimodipine,the clearer the effect.Conclusion:Early treatment of nimodipine in acute traumatic brain swelling can significantly improve the condition and prognosis.


In the present paper we describe the new genus Amiantofusus gen. nov. to accommodate the Atlantic species Fusus amiantus Dall, 1889. The genus belongs to Fasciolariidae and this family is confirmed as distinct from Buccinidae, based on anatomical differences. We add an Indo-West Pacific fauna of seven species described as new to science: Amiantofusus pacificus sp. nov. (North Fiji Basin, New Caledonia, southern Coral Sea, south West Pacific), A. gloriabundus sp. nov. (North Fiji Basin, Vitiaz Zone), A. sebalis sp. nov. (New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu), A. candoris sp. nov. (Chesterfield Islands, Fairway), A. maestratii sp. nov. (New Caledonia), A. borbonica sp. nov. (Reunion) and A. cartilago sp. nov. (Mozambique Channel). In addition we add two unnamed species: A. species 1 (North Fiji Basin) and A. species 2 (Vanuatu). Fusus thielei Schepman, 1911 is briefly discussed, the generic placement is still uncertain.


Implementing Educational Language Policy in Arizona: Legal, Historical and Current Practices in SEI pays particular attention to issues that spawn from restrictive language policy and monolingual ideology. The format of the book is presented in three sections as a means to address issues in education that impede educators' ability to best meet the language and academic needs of ELL students. In this way, the authors provide readers with insight into the current, academic context for Arizona's ELLs and addresses topics such as language policy, the implementation of Structured English Immersion (SEI), and the overall teacher preparation for SEI. Therefore, Arias and Faltis's work can be used as a college textbook as a means to initiate pre-service teachers to take a critical stance by exposing them to a counternarrative. Secondly, it can be a tool for all teachers and administrators who aim to broaden their understanding of ELLS and better support them. Chapter 1 sets the tone with a discussion on language policy and teacher preparation. Chapter 2 examines the 1981 court case Castañeda v. Pickard and ultimately argues that antibilingual educators were used as the expert witnesses in order to advocate for a SEI model that is supported by a monolingual ideology. Chapter 3 sheds light on Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research to emphasize the major weaknesses of Arizona's SEI. For one, Arizona's SEI program contradicts what (SLA) research has provided about what children need for language acquisition. Moreover, the chapter argues that the academic competence needed for school success is not supported by the SEI program. Chapter 4 discusses Arizona's Proposition 203 in order to highlight the authors' argument that English language learners will not benefit from a one-size-fits-all model of English instruction. Finally, chapter 5 provides findings from studies that support the following research questions: