The path of laminar-to-turbulent transition behind a backward-facing step (BFS) in the supersonic regime at Ma = 1.7 and Reδ0 = 13718 is investigated using a very well-resolved large eddy simulation (LES). Five distinct stages are identified in the transition process by the visualisation of instantaneous flow. The transition is initiated by a Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability of the separated shear layer, followed by secondary modal instabilities of the distorted K-H vortices, leading to Λ-shaped vortices, hair-pin vortices and finally to a fully turbulent state around the reattachment location. Spectral analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reveal that the low-frequency breathing dynamics also plays a major role in the transition process. INTRODUCTION The flow dynamics over a BFS has attracted extensive attention in the past decades, as it is not only an appealing prototype for studying the separation, recirculation and reattachment behavior in the view of its geometrical simplicity, but also for investigating the transition from laminar to turbulent flow without artificial disturbances (Kostas et al., 2002; Lanzerstorfer & Kuhlmann, 2012). There is a considerable amount of experimental and numerical work about the development of flow instability in the subsonic flow (Marquet et al., 2008; Duncan Jr, 2014). The conclusion drawn is that several distinct mechanisms, like centrifugal, lift-up effects or K-H instability, play a major role in the transition behind the step (Theofilis, 2011). In the supersonic regime, however, there are additional mechanisms related to compressibility and the occurrence of compression waves at flow reattachment (Tihon et al., 2001; Sriram & Chakraborty, 2011). Thereby, it is reasonable to conjecture that a different mechanism may contribute to the transition process in the supersonic case. The main objective of the current investigation is to characterize the transition process behind a BFS by scrutinizing the evolution of instantaneous vortical structures. NUMERICAL SETUP The setup for the current study is an open BFS (no upper wall) with supersonic laminar inlet boundary conditions at Ma = 1.7 and Reδ0 = 13718 based on the inlet boundary layer thickness δ0 and free-stream viscosity. The size of the computational domain is (Lx, Ly, Lz) = ( [−40,70], [−3,30], [−2.5,2.5] ) δ0 with a step height of h= 3δ0. The main flow parameters are summarized in Table 1. At the domain inlet, a clean laminar boundary layer profile is imposed. The step and wall are modeled as non-slip adiabatic surfaces. All flow variables are extrapolated at the outlet of the domain. On the top of the domain, nonreflecting boundary conditions based on Riemann invariants are used. Periodic boundary conditions are enforced in the spanwise direction. We employ the implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) method of Hickel et al. (2014) for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, which has been successfully applied to various supersonic cases, such as shock wave/boundary layer interactions (SWBLI) on a compression ramp (Grilli et al., 2012) and a flat plate (Pasquariello et al., 2017). More details about the numerical method can be found in Hickel et al. (2006, 2014). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Mean flow organization The main flow features are visualized by the timeand spanwise-averaged flow field in Figure 1. The incoming flow experiences a centered Prandtl-Meyer expansion and separates at the step corner. Then the free shear layer develops towards the downstream wall and finally impinges on the wall surface. Compression waves are generated at the reattachment location and then coalesce into a reattachment shock (white solid line). The low-speed recirculating flow forms a separation bubble underneath the dividing line (here defined for convenience as the isoline of u = 0 indicated by the black dashed line), while the high-speed flow proceeds downstream by overcoming the reattachment pressure rise. The mean reattachment length is about Lr = 10.9δ0 (3.6h), which is consistent with the previous results at similar con-


Among the foodborne disease (FBD) is listeriosis, an infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antagonistic effect against pathogens. The sweet whey is used as substrate for the production of antimicrobial substances in the presence of LAB. The objective of this study was to determine and assess the antimicrobial effect against Listeria monocytogenes produced by the supernatant produced by Lactobacillus casei sweet whey pure and supplemented with Man Rogosa Sharpe broth (MRS). The antimicrobial activity of the supernatant of L. casei in whey against L. monocytogenes was determined by the diffusion agar technique. In order to assess the antimicrobial effect supernatant solutions were diluted with Universal pre-enrichment broth (UPE) and were inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes at 4 Log10 CFU/mL. Counts were performed in times between 0 to 72 hours to see the behavior of L. monocytogenes in solutions at temperatures of 12 °C and times from 0 to 48 hours at 35 °C. The whey supernatant supplemented with MRS at 35 °C was more effective, reducing counts L. monocytogenes below the detection limit (1 CFU/mL) after four hours. In non supplemented whey counts were up to 5 Log 10 CFU/mL after four hours under similar conditions. The inhibitory effect of supernatant supplemented is lost when the solution has a pH of 6.5. The sweet whey supplemented with MRS broth can be used to produce solutions with bactericidal activity to control L. monocytogenes.


Geospatial Analysis of Spatial Patterns of U.S. Hospital Readmission Rates by Yamei Wang MS, Rutgers University, 1999 MS, Fudan University, 1991 BS, Fudan University, 1988 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University December 2017 Abstract Unplanned hospital readmission after a recent hospitalization is an indication of poor healthcare quality and a waste of healthcare resources. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) initiated the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) to improve healthcare quality and reduce costs; however, studies found the risk adjustment method used in calculating the standardized readmission rate was lessUnplanned hospital readmission after a recent hospitalization is an indication of poor healthcare quality and a waste of healthcare resources. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) initiated the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) to improve healthcare quality and reduce costs; however, studies found the risk adjustment method used in calculating the standardized readmission rate was less accurate without hospital region or community factors. Accordingly, this cross-sectional quantitative study was designed to examine spatial patterns in hospital readmission rates following Andersen's behavioral model of health service utilization. This study was the first geospatial analysis on risk standardized hospital readmissions (RSRR) based on hospital geographic locations. Secondary data from the CMS was used in assessing the global and local geospatial cluster patterns using Global Moran's Index, Anselin local Moran's Index, and graphical analysis tool to identify cluster groups. The study found hospital-wide RSRR was significantly clustered across the country or at the local level. A total of 15 optimal cluster groups were identified with wide variability in cluster size. The hospital-wide and other seven CMS published RSRRs were significantly different among all clusters. The geographically bounded hospital RSRRs provided evidence in support of adding community or regional layer to risk adjustment of RSRR. The specific cluster groups with extremely high or low readmission rates can assist national and local policymakers and hospital administrators to identify specific targets to take actions. This research has social change implications for reducing hospital readmission rates and saving healthcare costs. Geospatial Analysis of Spatial Patterns of U.S. Hospital Readmission Rates by Yamei Wang MS, Rutgers University, 1999 MS, Fudan University, 1991 BS, Fudan University, 1988 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Health Services Walden University December 2017 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my supportive and loving husband, Jing Wu, and my two incredible daughters Yiwen Wu and Lucy Wu. I appreciate the time, the patience, and the empathy so generously given as I studied and struggled to achieve this dream. I could not have done it without such love and support. I also dedicate this study to my mom, dad, sister, and brother in China. You encouraged me in all my endeavors in life. I was so grateful of growing up in an open and trusting family. Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude and deep heartfelt thanks to the chairman of my committee, my mentor, and my advisor Dr. Michael Furukawa, whose discussion, challenges, critique, thorough insight, professional guidance, and direction brought out the quality work and good ideas in me. My appreciation also goes to my dissertation committee, including Dr. Suzanne Richins, for your experience, knowledge, support, and guidance. Without Dr. Furukawa or Dr. Richins, I would not be able to accomplish a lifelong dream. In addition, Dr. Jagdish Khubchandani, the University Research Reviewer, has devoted time and provided valuable critique. I would like to thank my two fabulous supervisors Dr. Ming-yi Hu and Dr. Stephanie Plent who supported my lifelong learning experience. Last but not least, I would acknowledge my colleague and friend, Barbara Alegre, for your editing and words of encouragement.


A summary of recent Large Magellanic Cloud distance determinations mu(LMC) is presented, with an eye towards pinpointing the source(s) of the resulting large discrepancies encountered between some of the techniques. Thirty-eight recent (1998-1999) measurements of mu(LMC) are highlighted, the extrema for which (18.07 versus 18.74) are inconsistent with one another at the 3-sigma level. The lack of overlap between the results of many of the techniques, simply employing the authors' quoted uncertainties, is a clear indication that unrecognized uncertainties, both random and systematic, plague many of the published results. While mu(LMC) almost certainly lies within 13% of 18.5 (i.e., between 18.20 and 18.75), to those of us outside the LMC ``community'', no single compelling argument has been put forth that reconciles the wildly disparate values presented thus far. A 13% uncertainty in the LMC distance corresponds to a 13% uncertainty in the Cepheid-based extragalactic distance scale.


Prior to the advent of the sul£onamides, penicillin, streptomycin and other antibiotics, otology was considered primarily a surgical specialty and treatment aimed at the prevention of deafness was almost entirely surgical. Since these therapeutic agents have come into general use, however, the character of the entire practice of otology has changed to the point where surgery now plays only a secondary role in preventing hearing loss. The removal of tonsils and adenoids, submucous resection of the nasal septum, surgical treatment of chronic infective sinusitis and early paracentesis for acute middle ear abscess, are still considered important as prophylactic measures in potential deafness. Mastoid surgery for acute otic infection of the temporal bone, however, is pretty much a thing of the past. Our change in otologic thinking has been greatly influenced by evidence which has accumulated over the past several years pointing to unbalanced diet; vitamin, mineral and protein deficiencies; glandular dysfunction; psychology factors; inherited predisposition; and allergy as playing vital roles in the etiology of various types of deafness. The fact that otology was considered predominantly a surgical specialty for so many years may be one reason why the medical approach to the prevention of deafness has been so long neglected and why allergy as a possible etiologic factor has received so little attention. Since time does not allow for detailed consideration of all of the medical aspects of the subject, this discussion will be limited to the allergic phase of the problem.


CHALCEDONY LAYER IN DOLOMITES FROM BOBROWNIKI-BLACHOWKA QUARRY Summary A chalcedony layer has been found to occur in the Triassic diplopore dolomites in a quarry at Bobrowniki-Blachowka. The layer reveals sponge spicules and silicified algae of Dasycladaceae . The presence of this layer in dolomites points to an interruption in sedimentation and to favourable conditions for development of sponges. Silica formed as a result of sponge dissolution penetrated the surrounding carbonate rocks and silicified the algae deposited in them. It results from the mineralogic-chemical analysis of dolomite that this rock is of calcium-ferruginous nature. The Ca-Mg ratio proves that the dolomite has been formed epigenetically, like ore-bearing dolomites. Normal 0 21 false false false PL X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy of different treatments on non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) with brain metastasis,and evaluate factors affecting the survivals.METHODS:The data of 71 patients from Jan 2001 to Jun 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.Fourteen patients received brain surgery and radiotherapy or chemotherapy,26 patients received single radiotherapy,31 patientsreceived radiotherapy and chemotherapy.Totally 42 patients received whole brain radiotherapy or partly radiotherapy,29 patients received whole brain radiotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.All of these patients were followed up until their death.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survial,and Logrank test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups.The cox regessive model was used to analyze the prognostic factors.RESULTS:The overall 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates were 29.58%(21/71),16.90%(12/71) and 8.45%(6/71) respectively,with a median survival time of 10 months.The single factor analysis showed that KPS,histological type,the number of brain metastasis,the size of brain metastasis,primary disease control,presence of metastasis other than brain,the therapy methods,the doses of radiotherapy,the method of radiotherapy,and the curatived effect to brain cancer metastasis lump recently had an influence to survival period.In multivariate analysis,KPS,the number of brain metastasis,primary disease control,presence of metastasis other than brain,and the curatived effect to brain cancer metastasis lump recently were independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONS:The main prognostic factors of brain metastases from NSCLC are KPS,the number of brain metastasis,primary disease control,presence of metastasis other than brain,and the curatived effect to brain cancer metastasis lump recently.The survival is prolonged by proper treatment.


The spatial distribution of inclusions in a large forging piece is closely related to the fatigue life of gears. In this paper, the size, number, types, and distribution of inclusions in a large forging piece of gear steel used for wind-power generation have been systematically analyzed by the automatic scanning of inclusions, in situ analysis of inclusions, scanning electron microscopy, and energy spectrum analysis. The inclusions distribution model is established and the size of the largest inclusion in the forging piece is predicted. The distribution of the number and size of inclusions exhibits an exponential relationship. The total number of inclusions is lowest at the tooth center area, and macro-inclusions with sizes above 10 μ m mainly concen-trate in the tooth center, with a maximum size of 101.5 μ m. The typical inclusions in forging pieces include 2.85% oxides, 80.95% sulfides and 16.2% composite inclusions of oxides and sulfides. The sulfide preferentially precipitates on the surface of oxide's core in the following order: Al 2 O 3 –MgO–CaO > Al 2 O 3 > Al 2 O 3 –MgO > Al 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 –CaO > Al 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 > Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 . It is helpful to change the brittle oxides into composites of oxides and sulfides to improve the fatigue life of gear steel.


Using a comparative approach, we tested the prediction that relative com- petitive performance of plant species is correlated with distribution along natural gradients of fertility and standing crop. The mean position of 40 species of herbaceous plants along standing crop, phosphorus, nitrate, magnesium, potassium, pH, and percent organic content gradients was calculated based on data from 217 quadrats from lake and river shorelines in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario. Competitive performance was measured in an outdoor experiment in which species were grown together with a common phytometer, Lythrum salicaria (n = 5 replicates per species). The relative ability of each species to suppress the growth of the phytometer was used as a measure of relative competitive performance. This measure of competitive performance was significantly correlated with the mean position of species on the standing crop (r = 0.081; P < 0.0001), percent organic content (r = 0.71; P < 0.0001); phosphorus (r = 0.70; P < 0.0001), nitrate (r = 0.67; P < 0.0001), magnesium (r = 0.66; P < 0.0001), and potassium gradients (r = 0.61; P < 0.0001). When monocotyledons and dicotyledons were considered separately, the relationship between distribution along the macronutrient gradients and competitive performance was much stronger for monocotyledons. It is suggested that this may reflect a differential influence of disturbance on distribution.


Bergia capensis L. (Elatinaceae), Eichhornia paniculata (Sprengel) Solms-Laub. (Pontederiaceae), and Nymphaea novogranatensis Wiersema (Nymphaeaceae), three species of aquatic vascular plants, are reported for the first time from Mexico, all of them growing in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec area, state of Oaxaca.


The essence of mutual distain of literati is not at all the tit for tat through individual advan- tages over one another but rather a mutual jealousy. A psychological reflection of envy in literati is that the antediluvian is considered more nobly precious than what is in existence, which is associated with competi- tion,issuing in both active and passive effects. As a scholar in the socialist era, man of letters should not only discard the corrupt custom such as mutual contempt, but also advocate mutuality in the effort to study and progress.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intensive training in attention regulation skills implemented via a training system that integrates game scenarios with trainer-led coaching.
BACKGROUND: There is a need for improved training methods and tools that support the systematic and intensive strengthening of core attention, working memory and executive function abilities following brain injury. We designed and developed a training system to provide guided experiential learning of attention regulation skills across multiple contexts requiring goal-directed functional cognition. The system consists of 'game' scenarios unfolding in a narrative arc integrated into a trainer-led coaching protocol, with goals of (a) promoting experiential learning by providing opportunities for trained skills to be practiced across a range of well-calibrated cognitive contexts, and (b) enhancing generalization by fostering the application of skills learned in the 'game-world' to personal life goals.
DESIGN/METHODS: In this case series, six participants with history of TBI (> 6 months post-injury) and chronic mild-to-moderate executive dysfunction completed 7 individual weekly trainings in person or by tele-video and approximately 30 minutes of daily practice over 6-8 weeks. Participants responded to in-session questionnaires, as well as pre- and post-training measures of neuropsychological and self-reported functioning.
RESULTS: All participants reported subjective improvements across a range of cognitive abilities, as well as increasing success with applying trained skills and strategies in both 'game' and personal contexts. Quantitative changes in neuropsychological test performance were also observed (average effect sizes, (d ) = 0.52 and 0.34, for working memory and attention/executive functions, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Guided experiential learning incorporating game-assisted training may be useful for improving attention regulation skills. Interactive game scenarios provide valuable opportunities for coaching, including modeling and providing feedback on the application of trained skills across varying cognitive challenges. Trainers may also help promote generalization by extending lessons learned from the 'game-world' to personal life. Disclosure: Dr. Loya has nothing to disclose. Dr. Binder has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rodriguez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madore has nothing to disclose. Dr. Buchanan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kossman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sapiro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Novakovic-Agopian has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose.


Microendoscope is a safety, useful machine in ophthalmology. Lacrimal microendoscope system has been used in clinical examination for some time. Various types of ophthalmic endoscopes have been developed for the observation of areas in which the operating microscope could not provide an adequate view. Technical characteristics of a new stereoscopic ophthalmic system developed for the direct observation of intraocular structures are described herein.


ABSTRACT Using fictional stories with adults in group and individual counseling sessions facilitates exploration of difficult topics in a safe and nonthreatening way. These stories deepen awareness and increase problem solving skills. This article describes how fictional stories can be used by counselors with adult clients. It also illustrates strategies for their appropriate selection and use, and it provides guidelines for considerations of culture, story endings, timing of delivery, processing questions, and integration with the counselor's theoretical orientation. Finally, the article recommends free, respected, online resources for counselors using fictional stories with adult clients.


1. Introduction: hunting, violence, and the origins of the English Revolution 2. Blood, sacrifice, and order: meanings of the forest and hunt in culture, politics, and society 3. Honor, property, and the symbolism of the hunt in Stowe, 1590-1642 4. Ancient liberties and the politics of the commonweal in Waltham forest, 1608-42 5. Royal honor, Great Parks, and the commonweal in Windsor forest, 1603-42 6. Venison and the politics of honor in Corse Lawn Chase, 1620-42 7. Conclusion: royal symbols, forest politics, and popular politics in Early Modern England.


Will the Covid-19 lockdown weaken the stability of modern religion? Can religion adapt to a vastly changed society? This article reflects on this and other questions, to explore what the rise of digital religion during Covid-19 might tell us about the nature of religion and its capacity for adaptation in uncertain times. Sociologist Dani ele Hervieu-L eger (2000) argued that religion is based on the authority of tradition and relies on an intergenerational transmission of collective memory of that tradition in order to sustain itself. This does not mean that religion is static, nor that the fragmented nature of modernity is incompatible with religion. Hervieu-L eger (2000: 93) maintains that 'modernity has not done away with the individual's or society's need to believe. Indeed, it has been observed that the uncertainty that flows from the dynamics of change has made the need stronger'. Acknowledging that the transmission of religious tradition is more challenging in the contemporary era, Hervieu-L eger (2000: 93) argued that it would nonetheless persist in different ways than before; 'religion retains a creative potential within modernity'.


The abnormally long, dry summers of 1975 and 1976 which resulted in a considerable amount of damage to low rise buildings founded in shrinkable clay subsoils, were largely responsible for highlighting the increased risks of building low rise buildings, such as one‐ and two‐storey housing, on shrinkable clay sites, particularly where trees were present or were planned.


Revision total hip arthroplasty presents some of the most difficult challenges in reconstructive surgery. With the success of nonmodular stems, the use of modularity to address complex revisions has been questioned. Multiple studies highlight the success of these stems; they allow for improved reconstruction options when addressing concerns for bone quality, leg length discrepancy, and stability. The increased modularity allows opportunities for improvement but can also lead to an increased number of challenges. This article highlights the important aspects when considering the use of a modular femoral stem.


This paper proposes a novel and efficient distributed flow control for wireless multimedia networks using cooperative communications, based on the Proportional Integral (PI) controllers. The control parameters can be designed to ensure the stability of the control loop in terms of source rate. The distributed explicit rate controller is located at the wireless multimedia sensor source to regulate the transmission rate for mission. We further analyse the theoretical aspects of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme in terms of system stability, fast response, and high efficiency for mission-oriented multimedia systems. Simulation results show that the performance of our scheme is improved more than 10% when compared with other method.


With the forceful shock of western legal culture,the specific legal tradition of China bigan to break out from the time of later Qing dynasty. And ever since the modern Chinese law had gained a lot of achievement by means of transplantation of western law,but at the same time it had also paid for great cost. The own development logic and important value demands that we should inherit and explore the useful resources to make contribution to develop our society with rule of law.


Technology platforms have proven to give companies an edge over their competitors and the agility required to mitigate market disruption. Technology platforms require unique management strategies and considerations that many prospective platform owners do not adequately address. The technology management capabilities perspective has become a common approach to managing technology due to its ability to provide a holistic understanding. In this article, we develop a technology management framework for platform owners from a technology management capabilities perspective. The research design for this study was based on the design science research methodology. The process included building a knowledge base of the problem and existing solutions and translating these concepts into design requirements. The framework's practical value was evaluated through semistructured interviews and a subsequent impact-effort ranking exercise with ten subject matter experts. A refined management framework was developed that included two canvases to present and provide the definitions of 42 technology management routines. The routines were divided through a hierarchal structure of primary technology- and supporting management capabilities. The developed management tool gives platform owners practical considerations to develop their technology platforms and manage the surrounding ecosystem.


Objective: To provide a method for early diagnosis of acanthamoeba keratitis using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplificat the gene 26s-rDNA fragment for different species of acanthamoeba. Methods: Isolated culture 3 groups of different genotype acanthamoeba, which whole genome were extracted, PCR amplificated parts of gene sequence of 26s-rDNA by using acanthamoeba specificity primer (ArDNA-a). Results: In 3 different species acanthamoebas, Acanthamoeba sp. CJY/s2 and Acanthamoeba sp. CJY/s were Rns genotype T4, Acastellanii Neff was Neff. After PCR, 26s-rDNA fragment about 126 base pairs was successfully amplified by single PCR from the genotype DNA of Acanthamoeba sp.CJY/s2 and Acastellanii Neff, but no anticipate fragment was obtained from the genotype DNA of Acanthamoeba sp. CJY/s. Conclusion: When utility the acanthamoeba specificity primer (ArDNA-a),PCR can amplified gene fragment of 26s-rDNA in Acanthamoeba sp. CJY/s2 and Acastellanii Neff, which can prove a new detect method to early diagnosis of some acanthamoeba keratitis.


Selenium derivatives of pentavalent organophosphorus compounds 9, 10, 11 (Ṙ = 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidyl), 12 and 13 were prepared in 79-99% yields via the reaction of the corresponding trivalent phosphorus compounds 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 with black selenium in benzene at room temperature in 20 hours.


Laser Damage Testing. Our video explains types of laser damage certification on offer. It demonstrates exactly what happens to samples during test and what samples you need to give us to test. It also demonstrates live damage testing and explains visually specifications required to give you the test you want. For more information please see https://www.laserdamage.co.uk


This study analyses a single Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) unit, and two Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG) units for powering Jupiter Europa Orbiter. The RTG power system will independently produce an uninterrupted power supply, as opposed to a solar powered orbiter, as studied by Astrium for ESA, which depends on distance from Sun, eclipse and Jupiter's occultation. The orbiter's thermal control system uses excess heat from the RTG to maintain the spacecraft's temperature using a heat transfer loop. The additional heat loads received by the spacecraft during Venus and Earth flybys are removed with this heat transfer loop through the RTG radiators. The MMRTG provides a continuous power output of 110 W with a 13% reduction in mass compared to a solar powered equivalent. The total radiation dose from the MMRTG is about 5 krad behind 10 mm aluminium shielding, which is much lower than the expected mission natural radiation dose. The electromagnetic interference produced by the MMRTG magnetic field strength is only 17 nT which is less than the NASA standard requirement of 25 nT at one meter distance. The power system with two SRG units has an overall mass saving of 9% compared to the solar cell equivalent and requires only four General Purpose Heat Sources (GPHS) to produce 220 W of electrical power. It emits less radiation and has a weaker magnetic field than the MMRTG. Results show that a Jupiter Europa Orbiter spacecraft designed with single MMRTG unit or with two SRG units as power source would be the best choice for the proposed ESA Jovian Minisat Exploration mission.


The subject of this article is a zār song about a female character, Umm al-Ghulam ('mother of the boy'), recorded in a Lower Egyptian village in 1980. The song is short and ambiguous. There is a zār spirit by that name, but there is also a Cairene saint who carries the same name. Zār songs in Egypt invoke both zār spirits and saints; so who are we dealing with in this song?


Regardless of their field of activity, a problem frequently faced by Romanian companies is that of the valuation and accounting of trade receivables. This article focuses on two types of valuations of trade receivables: the first one is their accounting valuation, and the second is the valuation of the receivables on the occasion of the overall company valuation. We also present accounting and fiscal aspects related to recording receivables in the company accounting records, including their reversible impairment.


In a power plant,# #34 turbine is Oriental turbine factory production N-200/ 130/ 535/ 535 type high pressure reheat,three cylinder,three rows of condensing steam turbine,the steam turbine of three cylinder full optimization upgrading,to save energy and protect environment are of great significance.By3,4# # retrofitted steam turbine,thermal test showed:unit efficiency,reduces the heat consumption,increase efficiency,improve the operating reliability of power unit.


In this paper we describe the architecture and implementation details for a software system supporting session mobility at application level, based on standard SIP protocol. The target of our work is to build a more complex reconfigurable system with support for vertical handover in hybrid wireless networks. The presented system is a step toward this goal, providing a media session mobility solution able to scale to a broad range of wireless hybrid access network.


Using the information state approach to dialogue analysis, we sketch an account of negotiative dialogue starting from Sidner's artificial negotiation language. This account is adapted to the Questions under Discussion (QUD)-based information state used by the GoDiS system. Some problems with this account are pointed out, and we attempt to analyse why these problems arise and how they might be resolved. Finally, an alternative account to negotiative dialogue is outlined.


The composition of fatty acids in Ictalurus punctatus oil was identified and quantified by gas chromatography(GC) /electrom inpact(EI) mass spectrometry(MS) . The acid catalysis method was used to convert fatty acids to methyl-esters and the total lipids in pure fat of Ictalurus punctatus were about 99%. Twenty-three fatty acids were identified in the current study. The main types of fatty acids found in the oils were normal monounsaturated,polyunsaturated fatty acids and alkanelparaffin. Unsaturated fatty acids totalled 76.40%,and the major component of monounsaturated fatty acids was C18∶1(54.88%) ;polyunsaturated fatty acids were mainly composed of C18∶2(16.23%) . Saturated fatty acids were approximately 20.91% of the total,and the main components were C16∶0(15.84%) and C18∶0(4.29%) .


Preparation for the printing of the Preliminary Program in April begins around the first of the year; therefore, the sooner suggestions are received, the more likely they are to receive full consideration. Paper suggestions are welcomed by the Program Committee until December 1, 1977; offers to appear as discussants for panels or papers may write directly to the appropriate section chairperson, to the panel chairperson where listed, to Professor Elinor Ostrom (Department of Political Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401), who is the 1978 Program Chairperson, or to Elizabeth E. Horton, Convention Coordinator, APSA, 1527 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.


This paper presents the first results of the Raman characterization of obsidians from the western Mediterranean. About 40 geological samples, from the islands of Lipari, Palmarola, Pantelleria and Sardinia, representative of the seven archaeologically significant obsidian sources, were analysed. Apart from the general shape of the spectra, which characterize three islands, a detailed treatment of the stretching massif part was performed to obtain quantitative discriminating parameters. The combination of these factors seems to provide a complete discrimination of all archaeologically significant western Mediterranean sources. These sources have provided raw material of Meso- and Neolithic artefacts distributed around the Tyrrhenian basin and nowadays provide key evidence of ancient exchange networks. Because some alternatives to classical geochemical fingerprinting are currently being sought, Raman spectroscopy could be a complementary or even alternative technique in provenance studies of archaeological obsidians. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Multi-Modal Optimization problems are widespread and can be solved using numerous methods, such as niching, sharing or clearing. In this paper, we are interested in algorithms based on restart strategies, where the searching point is restarted at another initial position when an optimum is found. Previous works show that the choice of these initial positions greatly impacts the performance of the algorithm but is not easy to make. In this paper, we propose a new restart strategy, based on reinforcement learning. Our algorithm subdivides the search space and uses a Multi-Armed Bandit technique to choose the successive restart positions. We experiment this algorithm on various functions and on a modified Hump function with more complex local areas. Our results show significant improvements over previous algorithms, such as the Quasi-Random restart with Decreasing Step-size algorithm.


Vitamin D metabolism is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D receptors are, however, detectable in several tissues and organs not directly involved in the regulation of mineral metabolism; furthermore, not only bone cells, but also other cell types can synthesize active vitamin D. Altogether, these findings have suggested that vitamin D may have other potential effects in addition to the commonly known effects on mineral metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency can induce bone disease development and represents an important risk factor for neoplastic, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. This review focuses on the results of the main randomized trials on vitamin D supplementation in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease.


In this work, we present a novel ultra-low power timer designed using the gate leakage of MOS capacitors. The test chip was fabricated in a 0.13 mum CMOS technology and the total circuit area is 480 mum2. Measurement results show that the circuit functions correctly at a wide range of supply voltages from 300 mV to 1.2 V, making it particularly suitable for subthreshold systems. The temperature sensitivity is 0.16%/degC at 600 mV and 0.6%/degC at 300 mV. The power dissipation is less than 1pW running at 20degC and 300 mV.


This paper explores the use of Decision Tree algorithm in the development of small signal model of GaN HEMT. In this stage, each measured s-parameters are modelled separately exploiting the bias, frequency and geometry dependence of the device as input predictors. This necessitates the tuning of parameters using Bayesian optimization and Random search algorithms. The outcome in terms of MSE and MAE demonstrates that the Random search algorithm gives a superior agreement with the measured values for the entire frequency range. Subsequently, the developed model is incorporated in the commercial CAD environment and a class-F power amplifier is designed to highlight the seamless integration ability and effectiveness of the developed model.


H ealth Promotion Practice editor Randy Schwartz and associate editor David Altman were pleased to have the opportunity to interview the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) director, Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, for this issue of HPP. Dr. Koplan is widely known to many in the health education and health promotion community for his long-term support of health promotion and education at the CDC. Dr. Koplan was the first director of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion at the CDC. SOPHE was honored to have Dr. Koplan serve as the keynote speaker at its recent 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting held in Chicago, November 1999.


Somewhere between the categories puzzle, adventure and explorative game Jonathan Blow's recent release THE WITNESS (Thekla Inc. 2016) embodies a distinct form of hybrid game that fulfils ludic core functions like traversing space and solving puzzles but omits an elaborated story arc or complex avatar controls. At first glance it seems to be a mixture of PROTEUS (Ed Key/David Kanaga 2013) – a recent peek in discourse on what a video game can be or cannot be (c.f. Bogost 2013) – and MYST (Cyan Worlds/Preston Studios 1993) – a puzzle game classic with iconic mechanics.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR) considers the sustainable development of environment and economy simultaneously, yet its impact on the stock market is controversial among academics. This paper examines the influencing factors of stock price volatility from the perspective of CSR information disclosure. This study takes Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2019 as samples, and constructs panel data models to test the impact of CSR information disclosure on stock return volatility. The results show that CSR disclosure is negatively related with stock return volatility. It indicates that the disclosures of corporate social responsibility by corporations significantly reduce the risk of future stock volatility in the financial markets. After conducting robustness tests, the above conclusion still holds. This paper not only enriches the influencing factors of stock return volatility, but also provides new empirical support for the prevention of stock volatility risk.


The hydrocracking of a heavy anthracene oil over molten salt catalysts (zinc chloride or a binary mixture of zinc chloride and another metal chloride) at 400 °C for 3 h in a batch autoclave system was carried out, and the products were mainly identified by means of GC-MS. The effects of the hydrogen pressure (60 or 100 kg/cm2), the quantity of the catalyst, and the addition of metal chloride (potassium chloride or copper(I) chloride) to zinc chloride on the product distribution were examined and discussed. Based on the detailed product analysis, it was found that cata-condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds were hydrocracked more efficiently than peri-condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds. The CuCl/ZnCl2 molten salt displayed an excellent catalytic activity for the hydrocracking of the heavy anthracene oil.


Objective:To study the expression and regulation effects of imprinted gene Inpp5f-v3 during the development of mouse embryo.Methods:The primer of Inpp5f-v3 was designed at first,the Inpp5f-v3 fragment was obtained by RT-PCR and subcloned into plasmids pBluescriptⅡKS,then DIG-UTP-labeled single-stranded RNA probes were synthesized.We used Norhtern blotting,in situ hybridization and real-time RT-PCR to characterize the expression of Inpp5f-v3 gene during mouse embryonic development.Results:Northern blotting analysis revealed a 2.7 kb transcript that was expressed only in brain.At E15.5,Inpp5f-v3 gene was expressed in the olfactory bulb,cerebral cortex,forebrain,hindbrain and ex-ternal germinal layer.Conclusion:These results suggest that expression of Inpp5f-v3 is regulated in the development of mouse embryo,and Inpp5f-v3 may involve in the development of brain and nerve system.


Irradiation of dl-mandelic, phenylacetic, formic, malonic or dl-tartaric acid in aqueous or ethanolic solutions with U. V. light results in the photodecomposition of these acids into ·COOH and the respective residual radicals. The ·COOH radical has strong reducing properties and can reduce azo dyes, if they are added to the solution prior to irradiation, to amines. The residual radicals formed together with ·COOH upon photodecomposition of the carboxylic acids, can cause fading of the dyes either by reduction or by addition to the chromophoric system.


Ship wake transformation in the coastal zone is analysed based on field measurements of wave conditions at two measurement sites located about 20 m and 100 m from the shore. Analysis of single wake events recorded at both sites is carried out by transforming the time series of the wave amplitude into the time–frequency domain, using both a short-time Fourier transform and a wavelet transform. Analysis reveals that signature features of individual wake components can be tracked as the wake approaches the shore, but the wave amplitude and associated wave energy is transformed differently for different wake components. The wake energy is reduced as the waves propagate through the surf zone, which can be attributed mainly to wave breaking of the leading wave system and a significant reduction of the divergent wave system. However, the energy of transverse waves is stable or increasing, indicating that these waves undergo a non-breaking shoaling process.


Reasonable task scheduling is the first step in planning product concurrent design process. Considering the characteristics of task scheduling in concurrent design, the relevant factors and constraints in enterprises, the method for constructing fuzzy design structure matrix was provided based on fuzzy sets theory. The scheduling algorithm of design tasks in coupling task collection based on Task Influence Degree was put forward. After taking factors of dynamic, fuzzy, non-quantification about subtasks and team members into consideration respectively, the balanced matrix among subtasks and team members was established. Integrating Hungary Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm, the models and algorithms of task assignment from subtasks to team members were given according to different conditions.


Cd、 Pb、 Cu、 Zn,these four heavy metal as a complex structure, pollute the soil——plant system
frequently. So this project researched the effect on the compound pollution of heavy metal on the biomass of the wheat in planter under the condition. The result indicate, with the polluted density rising, the biomass of the wheat (such as the roots, the tassels, the stems and the leaves, etc.) will reduce continuously. The elements of Cu and Zn are the microelements of the plant, then, they are the necessities for the growth of the wheat. So when the density of Cu and Zn are very low, it will inhibit the compound effect of the elements Cd and Pb. Thereby, it makes the range of dropping of the wheat's biomass relatively small.


Trends in urbanization in France over the past 150 years are reviewed. The authors note that over this period, the number of French cities has increased by a factor of three, and that of urban residents by a factor of seven. Regional differences in urban trends are examined. A continuity in the national urban hierarchy over time is established, with Paris in a highly dominant position. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)


Podosphaera xanthii(DC.)VP Gelyuta race 2F caused melon(Cucumis melo L.)powdery mildew was the prevailing race in Beijing.The segregation of resistance had been evaluated in F2S6 population of the cross between the resistant Japanese cantaloupe[Cucumis melo L.ssp.melo convar.cantalupa(Pang.)Greb.]line K7-1 and the susceptible Xinjiang Hami melon[Cucumis melo L.ssp.melo convar.ameri(Pang.)Greb.]line K7-2.The resistance to P.xanthii race 2F in K7-1 was controlled by one single dominant Pm-2F gene.SSR technique had been used for the identification of markers linked to powdery mildew resistance.Two specific fragments CMBR120-172 and CMBR8-98 were closely linked to Pm-2F gene at a distance of 1 cM and 3 cM,respectively.The efficiency of CMBR120-172 was about 87.5% in 120 melon germplasms.The markers identified in this experminent were closest to Pm-2F gene to date,and the research,therefore,can be used in melon molecular breeding.


The invention relates to a formulation of a corrosion inhibitor used for inhibiting the corrosion of magnesium alloy in the ethylene glycol type automobile coolant. The formulation comprises inorganic salts such as 0.1-20% of sodium fluoride and 0.1-20% of sodium molybdate, organic matters such as 0.1-10% of hexamethylene tetramine, 0.1-5% of benzotriazole and 0.1-5% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and the balance deionized water. A needle-like, uniform and dense film can be formed on the surface of magnesium and magnesium alloy in the polyethylene glycol solution with the corrosion inhibitor, thus better corrosion resistance can be obtained. In addition, the corrosion inhibitor has extremely high corrosion-inhibiting efficiency. By using the corrosion inhibitor of the invention, the problem that poisonous and harmful substances such as chromate, phosphate and nitrite are added in the commonly used ethylene glycol type automobile coolant to seriously pollute the environment, damage the human health and the like can be better solved, the common organic salt system mixed by silicate and stabilizer thereof is simplified, and the production and use costs are greatly reduced.


Mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and is up-regulated by Ca2+ and presumably by ammonia. We hypothesized that MAO-A may be under the control of NMDA receptors in hyperammonemia. In this work, the in vivo effects of single dosing with ammonia and NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and the in vitro effect of Ca2+ on MAO-A activity in isolated rat brain mitochondria were studied employing enzymatic procedure. Intraperitoneal injection of rats with ammonia led to an increase in MAO-A activity in mitochondria indicating excessive H2O2 generation. Calcium added to isolated mitochondria stimulated MAO-A activity by as much as 84%. MK-801 prevented the in vivo effect of ammonia, implying that MAO-A activation in hyperammonemia is mediated by NMDA receptors. These data support the conclusion that brain mitochondrial MAO-A is regulated by the function of NMDA receptors. The enzyme can contribute to the oxidative stress associated with hyperammonemic conditions such as encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease. The attenuation of the oxidative stress highlights MAO-A inactivation and NMDA receptor antagonists as sources of novel avenues in the treatment of mental disorders.


Much of current health care delivery is based on evidence. The term evidence-based practice (EBP) has become synonymous with quality in the UK, with the ambulance service and the delivery of prehospital and urgent care being no different.


The concept that the two-particle correlation among produced pions in high-energy collisions is long-ranged is advanced. The space-time properties of the hadronic fluid before breakup are stressed. By examining the Lehmann representation of the correlation function, it is shown that the spectral function must have a singularity at m = 0, corresponding to a zero-mass excitation. The correlation length in rapidity is related to the nature of that singularity. (AIP)


Achieving transformational change, Sir George Quigley * The resolution of armed conflict: internationalization and its lessons, particularly in Northern Ireland, Lord David Owen * Some reflections on successful negotiation in South Africa, Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert * The secrets of Oslo Channels: lessons from Norwegian peace facilitation in the Middle East, Central America and the Balkans, Jan Egeland * The Awakening: Irish-America's key role in the Irish peace process, Niall O'Dowd * 'Give us another MacBride campaign': An Irish-American contribution to peaceful change in Northern Ireland, Kevin McNamara MP * Toward peace in Northern Ireland, Senator George Mitchell * Neither Orange march nor Irish jig: finding compromise in Northern Ireland Senator Maurice Hayes * Mountain Climbing Irish-style: the hidden challenges of the peace process Martin Mansergh * The Good Friday Agreement - a vision for a new order in Northern Ireland Peter Mandelson MP * Hillsborough to Belfast: is it the final lap? Sir David Goodall * Defining republicanism: shifting discourses of new nationalism and post-republicanism, Kevin Bean * Conflict, memory and reconciliation, Paul Arthur * Keeping going: beyond Good Friday, Harvey Cox * Religion and Identity in Northern Ireland, Marianne Elliott


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently the leading cause of death in the United States [1]. One of the key factors in CVD development is cholesterol levels; accumulation of cholesterol in the macrophage has been linked to plaque formation and subsequent heart attack or stroke [3]. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is the protein that facilitates cholesterol efflux out of the macrophage, and increasing this efflux can prevent the macrophage from being a pro-atherogenic foam cell. In addition, garlic-derived organosulfur compounds have been suggested to have cholesterol-lowering effects [35]. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects in mouse macrophages of garlic compounds diallyl disulfide (DADS), allyl mercaptan (AM), and S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) on ABCA1 expression compared with trichostatin A (TSA), a drug known to induce ABCA1 via histone modification. RAW 264.7 cells were treated with these compounds for six hours, and RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and analyzed for changes in gene expression. ABCA1 expression was induced with DADS, AM, and SAC, but no change was seen in expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) or HMG Co-A Reductase (HMGCR). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed no significant differences in acetylated histone H3 or H4 in the promoter of ABCA1 due to treatment with DADS. Luciferase reporter assays revealed garlic-induced ABCA1 promoter activation with fragments as short as 75 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site and up to 2500 bp, suggesting the transcriptional upregulation may not be due to histone modification in the promoter. These results show that ABCA1 mRNA is significantly increased by treatment with DADS, SAC, and AM, and this effect may or may not be mediated by histone modification. Additional studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying this effect.


............................................................................................................................. ii Dedication ......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. v Vita .................................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables .................................................................................................................. xiii List of Figures ................................................................................................................. xiv Chapter 1: Introduction and Background..................................................................... 1 1.


An ongoing process in qualitative research aims at contributing to a deeper understanding of human experiences and behaviour, and the behavioural world of applied practice. This process also aims to improve the usefulness of the findings by giving evidence for practical action. Interpretive description, an alternative to the conventional qualitative approaches, can help in this regard by providing a better understanding of complex experiential clinical/ practical phenomena (Thorne, 2008). (Published: 13 May 2015) Citation: Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being 2015, 10: 27679 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v10.27679


The plate-type electrostatic precipitators can treat large gas flows with low pressure drops, can also operate a wide range of temperatures and have low operating cost. A problem of this type of precipitator is difficulty to collection high resistivity fly ash. In the inlet section the fly ash resistivity is moderate and is necessary to charge dust particles as many is possible. It is useful to use traditional dc energization. For the middle section and especially for outlet section, where the fly ash resistivity is high, it is necessary another supply solution for section because the charging particle decrease when is use traditional dc energization. The intermitent energization of sections can be a cheap solution to middle and outlet section (without change the power supply structure, will change only the automatic voltage control unit).


The objective of this research was to quantify the organic carbon content in the soil at the common land La Victoria, Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. Soil samples were collected at 108 sites distributed in three site qualities, three silvicultural treatments and three soil depths. The determination of organic carbon content was estimated by the Walkley and Black method. To identify significant differences in the content of organic carbon in the soil for site qualities, silviculture treatments and soil depths, we performed analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey's test at 95%. The results showed an average soil organic carbon of 58.10 mg ha -1 , with an increase in carbon as site quality improvement. Silvicultural treatments effects were not significant and there a trend of decreasing organic carbon content with increasing soil depth was identified.


The character frequency of bone inscriptions shows two features: a small number of high-frequency characters take a large proportion of all characters in bone inscriptions materials, and a small proportion of the low-frequency characters in bone inscriptions materials take a large proportion of the total number of bone inscriptions characters. Excluding routine content of buci(卜辞), comparing with the character frequency of other literatures, such as inscriptions on bronze inscriptions in Shang(商) dynasty, bamboo inscriptions of divination and sacrifice in Chu(楚) of Warring States Period, and Chunqiu(春秋), it can be concluded that although this phenomenon has a certain link to the style and content of bone inscriptions, in essence, it reflects the periodisation characteristics: in Shang(商) Dynasty, high-frequency characters were used to express complicated meaning with simple characters, and low-frequency characters were due to degree of specialization while writing language with characters.


An approach to developing ethical behavior in public organizations can be achieved by implementing a cooperative learning structure in the American public school educational system. Cooperative learning towards ethical development seeks to build a contractual relationship between students in public schools that could help shape ethical behavior of students before they enter adult public organizations. Public school organizations should develop a consensus oriented decision-making process among educators and students that acknowledges the needs of all students. The agreed upon principles will be staples in identifying abusive and deviant behavior in school and adult public organizations.Eclipsing the hierarchical structure in both public school organizations and adult public organizations with a student/worker- centered environment could optimize ethical behavior.


PURPOSE:To smoothly tablet a tablet powder having the property of fixing to a mortar hole surface and a pestle outer circumferential surface without causing a tablet obstruction. CONSTITUTION:A tablet powder is tabletted by a tabletting device having a mortar and a pair of pestles 3, 5 wherein the clearance C between at least one pestle and a mortar hole 1a is 0.01-0.035mm to manufacture tablets.. Even when the tablet powder is tabletted by use of a pestle wherein the axial length of a chip part 5a on the top end of the pestle 5 present in the mortar hole 1a and moving along the mortar hole 1a during the compacting of tablets by tabletting, tabletting can be smoothly performed. Although this device can tablet a tablet powder having no tablet obstruction, it is useful in the tabletting of a tablet powder easy to fix to the mortar hole surface and the outer circumference of the pestle by tabletting, for example, a tablet powder containing an nonvolatile liquid component, a viscous component or a low boiling point material.


The Covid-19 pandemic that we are currently facing has brought about major changes, because we are required to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of spreading Covid-19. The health aspect is also included in the impact, such as in providing services carried out by every health facility including the Puskesmas. The management of the puskesmas is managed to remain effective and efficient in providing services, which is supported by the facilities and infrastructure facilities at the puskesmas. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between management factors and infrastructure and health services during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study design study that was conducted in May 2022 at the Paniki Bawah Health Center, in May 2022 as many as 70 respondents were taken using a purposive sampling technique, and analyzed using the Fisher`s Exact Test. The results showed that the management factor with healthcare had a ? value of 0.000 so that the value of ? <0.05 and infrastructure facilities with healthcare had a ? value of 0.000 so that the value of ? <0.05. The conclusion of this study is that there is a link between management factors and health facilities and services during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Health Center Management, Infrastructure, Health Services


The inertial manifolds with delay(IMD) was applied to analyze numerically the three-dimensional panel flutter problem.First,the von Karman's large deformation theory and the first-order piston theory were used to describe the panel deformation and the aerodynamic load,respectively,and the nonlinear partial differential governing equations of the system were presented.Then the IMD based nonlinear Galerkin method was employed to project the solutions of the governing equations onto the complete space spanned by the eigenfunctions of equations' operators.With the truncation of modes to approach the solution,the original infinite dimensional dynamic system is approximated to a finite one.Further,a time-delay expression which implies the interaction between higher and lower modes was constructed.With the time-delay expression presented,the higher displacement modes can be obtained directly without a complicated numerical integration,resulting in a system with less degree-of-freedoms and the reduction of computation time.Finally,four typical steady states of the system were analyzed with the method,and the system flat stable boundary was calculated.The comparison between the IMD and traditional Galerkin method(TGM) shows that IMD has the same accuracy and reduces the computation time by 7%-11%.It is likely that the method presented can be applied to other dissipative dynamic systems with large degree-of-freedoms.


Abstract: This chapter introduces the general technology for the dyeing of textile materials (yarn and fabric of cotton, polyester, nylon, and blends) with respect to dye applications (reactive, disperse, acid, etc.), dyeing methods (batchwise and continuous) and dyeing machines (package, overflow/jet and continuous). The corresponding dyeing processes and the process controls are discussed in detail.


Determining conclusively whether a new version of software creatively exceeds a previous version or a third party system is difficult, yet very important for scientific approaches in Computational Creativity research. We argue that software product and process need to be assessed simultaneously in assessing progress, and we introduce a diagrammatic formalism which exposes various timelines of creative acts in the construction and execution of successive versions of artefactgenerating software. The formalism enables estimations of progress or regress from system to system by comparing their diagrams and assessing changes in quality, quantity and variety of creative acts undertaken; audience perception of behaviours; and the quality of artefacts produced. We present a case study in the building of evolutionary art systems, and we use the formalism to highlight various issues in measuring progress in the building of creative systems.


The work focuses on the synthesis of small-sized PbSe/PbS core/shell colloidal quantum dots with the core diameter of 2–2.5 nm and the shell thickness of 0.5–1.0 nm. The PbSe/PbS core/shell CQDs are chemically stable under time-limited air exposure and have emission quantum efficiency of 60% at room temperature. The PbSe/PbS core/shell CQDs have a tunable absorption edge around 1 μm, large exciton emission Stokes shift (∼150 meV), and small exchange interaction (∼1.5 meV). Theoretical calculations associate the mentioned parameters to the small-size regime as well as to a lift of band-edge degeneracy due to slight shape anisotropy. The specific parameters are of special interest in photovoltaic applications.


We empirically investigate the effectiveness of environmental and energy policies, complying with legal requirements or followed voluntarily by firms, on the pro-environmental efforts of 63 listed firms in Italy in the years 2008-2019. Our research design combines macroeconomic data referring to general policies for reducing air emissions, renewable energy interventions, and energy efficiency measures with analogous policies applied at the firm level on a voluntary basis. The empirical analysis is performed in a panel data context by means of propensity score matching with multiple treatments, which allows us to test the effectiveness of (1) macroeconomic policies on firm environmental performance; (2) microeconomic policies on firm environmental performance, and (3) the coexistence of macroeconomic and microeconomic policies on firm environmental performance. Our results show that the effectiveness of these interventions, applied either separately or jointly, depends on the type of indicator used to proxy firm environmental performance. In particular, we find that the social costs of climate change are not internalized by listed companies and that macroeconomic interventions are an excellent tool to implement because they are effective to fight climate change where voluntary actions fail and are also complementary to voluntary actions since they support their effectiveness.


Sino nasal malignancies account for only 0.2-0.8% of all malignancies and undifferentiated carcinoma is rare malignant tumour of sinonasal tract, with extremely poor prognosis. We report a case of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma which we managed by surgery followed by post-operative radiotherapy with concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy. Although the overall survival is about 20% at 5 years and there are frequent recurrences combined modality treatment is the best management option available at present.


An oxynitride material is used to form shallow trench isolation regions in an integrated circuit Structure. The oxynitride may be used for both the trench liner and trench fill material. The oxynitride liner is formed by nitriding an initially formed oxide trench liner. The oxynitride trench fill material is formed by directly depositing a high density plasma (HDP) oxide mixture of SiH and O. and adding a controlled amount of NH to the plasma mixture. The resultant oxynitride Structure is much more resistant to trench fill erosion by wet etch, for example, yet results in minimal StreSS to the Surrounding Silicon. To further reduce StreSS, the nitrogen concentration may be varied by varying the proportion of O to NH in the plasma mixture so that the nitrogen concentration is maximum at the top of the fill material.


Background: The patients with breast cancer are examined for detecting lymph node involvement and metastasis by Hematoxyline and Eosin staining which is routinely used and may have fase negative.

Aim: To compare immunohistochemical detection of lymph node metastasis with Hematoxyline and Eosin staining with EMA and Cytokeratin (CK) antigens in patients with breast cancer and Negative lymph node involvement..

Methods: In this observational retrospective cross-sectional study, 64 consecutive patients with breast cancer who had negative H and E results were enrolled and the EMA and CK results were determined and compared with H and E.

Results: The EMA and CK results were negative in all patients showing 100% congruence with H & E results for lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion: there is high congruence rate for detection of lymph node metastasis with Hematoxyline & Eosin staining and EMA and CK.


D espite the overwhelming benefits that physician-industry collaboration and innovation have created over the last century, politicians, members of academia, and other public citizen groups have increasingly expressed their concern that physician-industry relationships may raise ethical issues, such as potential conflicts of interest. As a result of these concerns, Congress passed the Physician Payments Sunshine Act ("Sunshine Act"), section 6002 of the Affordable Care Act, in 2009. The Sunshine Act, now called Open Payments, does not directly change or prohibit relationships between manufacturer's, physicians or teaching hospitals. Rather, the legislation and regulations require applicable pharmaceutical, biological and device manufacturers and group purchasing organizations (GPO), to report certain payments such entities make to physicians or teaching hospitals.


An attempt was made to clarify the influence of drawing on solid structure and the fibrillation tendency for cuprammonium rayon, as a model of regenerated cellulose fibers. The drawing was carried out for the gel-like fiber obtained after coagulation (drawing at coagulation) and at the regeneration process of the coagulated fiber (drawing at regeneration). In the case of drawing at coagulation, the fibrillation tendency, degree of crystallite orientation (fc), and birefringence (Δn) increased, and the peak temperature of α2 dispersion (Tmaxα2) and tanαvalue (tanαmaxα2), which are the parameters representing the density and the amount of the amorphous region, respectively, decreased with drawing ratio. On the other hand, for drawing at regeneration, only fc showed very low drawing ratio dependence, while the influence of drawing on other factors was same as the case of the drawing of coagulation. The coagulated fiber with constant length showed remarkable stress relaxation at regeneration process. From these results we considered that in the case of drawing at coagulation, both crystal and amorphous phases increased in their orientation degree by drawing, because of the presence of network structure formed by cellulose-copper (II) complex. During the regeneration, such network structure is cleaved by the sulfric acid, as a regeneration reagent. Therefore the crystallization occurs under less tension than that at coagulation process and the drawing at this process may mainly lead to the orientation of cellulose molecules in amorphous region. The drawing at coagulation and regeneration processes was inferred to make remarkable break-down of bondings between fibrils, which may results in an increase of fibrillation tendency.


In this paper we report temperature independent near-interface traps (NITs) in the gate oxide of N-type MOS capacitors. The measurements were performed by a recently developed direct-measurement technique, which detected NITs with energy levels between 0.13 eV to 0.23 eV above the bottom of conduction band. These traps are also spatially localized close to the SiC surface, as evidenced by the fact that they are not observed at measurement frequencies below 6 MHz. The temperature independence indicates that this localized defect is different from the usually observed NITs whose density is increased by temperature-bias stress.


Skiing tourism is one of the hot spots of tourism in winter as well as one of the attractive points of the sports industry.This paper analyzed comprehensively the strength,weaknesses,opportunities and threat factors of skiing tourism in Jinan through SWOT method.The purpose of the paper is to propose some countermeasures and suggestion for skiing tourism,which will bring it develop in a better industrial and scientific way in Jinan.


Many centers perform laparotomy in patients with gunshot wounds (GSW) to the abdomen if there is peritoneal penetration, which indicates a high


In this note we will discuss some results related to complex interpolation of Morrey spaces. We first recall the Riesz-Thorin interpolation theorem in Section 1. After that, we discuss a partial generalization of this theorem in Morrey spaces proved in \cite{St}. We also discuss non-interpolation property of Morrey spaces given in \cite{BRV99, RV}. In Section 3, we recall the definition of Calder\'on's complex interpolation method and the description of complex interpolation of Lebesgue spaces. In Section 4, we discuss the description of complex interpolation of Morrey spaces given in \cite{CPP98, HS2, Lemarie, LYY}. Finally, we discuss the description of complex interpolation of subspaces of Morrey spaces in the last section. This note is a summary of the current research about interpolation of Morrey spaces, generalized Morrey spaces, and their subspaces in \cite{CPP98, HS, HS2, H, H4, Lemarie, LYY}.


A polarized photon with well-defined orbital angular momentum that emerges from a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is shown to seemingly circumvent wave-particle duality constraints. For certain phase differences between the MZI arms, this pattern yields both reliable which-path information and high phase sensitivity.


It is urgent to foster students' critical thinking in learning English, since the importance of critical thinking has been stressed and the absence of it has been noticed. One of the main purposes of "FLTRP·CUP" English Reading Contest is to foster contestants' critical thinking. This paper works out a systematic approach to prepare students for the Contest with an aim of fostering their critical thinking. The first step was to choose suitable students to set up a reading group. Then three students were selected to participate in the Provincial Final of "FLTRP·CUP" English Reading Contest by taking a school-level reading contest. Then four stages of English reading training were taken to enlarge students' vocabulary, broaden their horizons and foster their critical thinking skills. Students' self-evaluation and great performance in the Provincial Final Contest show that such a training mechanism is workable. Keywords—cultivation of critical thinking skills; critical thinking; English Reading Contest; systematic approach


In present work,the application of Magneto Hydrodynamics(MHD)to control the flow of liquid steel during secondary refining and continuous casting has been discussed.A mathematical model was developed to predict the flow field under magnetic field in different metallurgical reactors.As examples,the effect of traveling magnetic filed in RH degasser has been discussed,and the effect of electromagnetic brake(EMBR)on flow field during continuous casting process has also been discussed.The numerical results show that when the EMBR is installed near the nozzle port,the intensity of impinging jet near the narrow face mold wall is reduced,the downward flow becomes weaker,and the lower recirculation zone becomes smaller.The circulation flow rate with traveling magnetic field imposed around the up snorkel in RH degasser is greater than that with magnetic field imposed around the down snorkel if the gas flow rate is less than the saturated value,but they are almost the same if the gas flow rate is greater than the saturated value.


Objectives To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum fibrotic indices in elder patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods Serum precollagen by radioimmunoassay in 31 AMI patients with successful recanalization, 16 AMI patients with unsuccessful recanalization, and 27 healthy subjects. The correlation between left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd), ejection fraction and the parameters mentioned above were analyzed.Results Serum LN, PCIII and HA were significantly increased in elderly AMI patients without successful recanalization as compared with other two groups and also positively correlated with LVDd but not with EF. These were not found in other two groups.Conclusions These findings suggest that measurements of LN, PCIII and HA may provide indirect diagnostic information on myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling associated with AMI.


The torrefaction (mild pyrolysis) process modifies biomass chemical and physical properties and is applied as a thermochemical route to upgrade solid fuel. In this work, the catalytic effect of thermo-acoustic on oxidizing woody torrefaction is assessed. The combined effect of two acoustic frequencies (1411, 2696 Hz) and three temperatures (230, 250, and 290 °C) was evaluated through weight loss and its deviation curves, calculated torrefaction severity index (TSI), as well as proximate, calorific, and compression strength analysis of Eucalyptus grandis. A new index to account for the catalytic effects on torrefaction (TCEI) was introduced, providing the quantitative analysis of acoustic frequencies influence. A two-step consecutive reaction numerical model allowed the thermo-acoustic experiment evaluation. For instance, the thermogravimetric profiles revealed that the acoustic field has a catalytic effect on wood torrefaction and enhances the biomass oxidation process for severe treatments. The kinetic simulation of the acoustic coupling resulted in faster conversion rates for the solid pseudo-components showing the boosting effect of acoustic frequencies in anticipating hemicellulose decomposition and enhancing second step oxidizing reaction.


The movements of pellets on the velum, jaw, etc., were recorded by an X‐ray microbeam system simultaneously with the EMG activity of the pertinent muscles, and the relationship between the temporal patterns of motor control signals and articulatory movements were analyzed. The magnitude of EMG activity at a given time instant was assumed to be related to the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the movement of the articulator, and a functional formula which approximated the relationship between these variables and the EMG signal was estimated. For the velar movement and the EMG activity of the levator palatini muscle, the velocity dependent component in the EMG signal had nearly the same amplitude of variation as that of the displacement dependent component. Quantitative analysis revealed that the patterns of EMG activity did not reflect the difference in the velocity of velum lowering between /m/ and /N/ (the syllable‐final nasal segment in Japanese). It is concluded that the movement of the tongu...


The article focuses on gender identity, highlighting the modern idea of off-centered fixed identities. We intend to analyze the stability of gender identity based on biological sex, considering Foucault's studies of sex and sexuality, the discussion of Cultural Studies on identity, as well as Butler's performative critic. Questioning the biological and cultural mimetic support of the binarity of gender identity, the discursive location of conceptions of sex and gender is offered as a hypothesis. Therefore, the possibility of trans gender identity appears, not pathologically but as performative conception. The deductive method is used.


RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional control echanism involving degradation of target mRNA which is mediated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). This phenomenon of gene silencing has now been considered as a potential strategy for the control of insect pests. The selection of the target gene and synthesis of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) comprise crucial component of application of this technology. Different methods for the delivery of dsRNA in to insect have been investigated in the recent years. However, there are many limitations for the application of RNAi as a potential strategy for insect control. Most of the studies on RNAi for insect control have been focused on the insect midgut as it is considered as most effective target for the RNAi based pest control. The delivery of dsRNA in to the midgut is affected by feeding as dietary component; however, the environment of midgut is hostile for the fed dsRNA, where the gut nucleases and pH plays a major role among other associated factors. The current developments have shown RNAi technology as an important tool for next generation insect control measure. To achieve the practical application of this technology in insect-pest control, further study on the protection of dsRNA in insect gut is needed. The present review focuses on the major threats for the integrity of dsRNA in the insect gut.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) receptor and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), have emerged as a therapeutic approach for patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PD‐L1 expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), is used to select patients for PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor therapy. Most studies have been performed with histology specimens, with limited data available on the performance in cytology specimens. This study evaluated PD‐L1 in cytology specimens and compared the results with those from paired core‐needle biopsy for concordance.


R1.23456--/ 1-(1-r"12) (1-r213.2) (1-r'14.23) (1-r2 15.234) (1-r16.24345) By inspection, one can immediately realize the need for time saving devices that will insure a high degree of accuracy, The, purpose of this paper is to proceed immediately to the Censideration of an Interlocking Table for Use in Obtaining the Multiple Correlation value of any combination of variables, having given the value of all needed partials. The following sets of equations are given to assist the reader in becoming acquainted with the equations and their relationships. Equations (1), (4), and (7) are of regular notation. For ease of expression letters have been substituted for the r's in equation (2), (5), and (8). In equations (3), (6), and (9) numerical values have been substituted for illustrative purposes,


The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of natural infections by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bovis in female dairy calves been in the dry (April the August) and rainy seasons (September the March), in two dairy farms (Limeira and Bocaina) located in the Lavras municipality, Southern Region of the Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Were performed blood smears and serology by mean of the test of indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). In the determination of the primary infection was observed a average of 60.8 days of age for A. marginale. In the Limeira farm there was no significant influence of birth season on the average of age in calves infected for A. marginale (p>0.05). For the Bocaina farm the average of age for of the primary infection for A. marginale was higher in the calves born in the dry season (p KEY WORDS: Anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cattle, indirect fluorescent antibody test.


All the teaching and learning activities except laboratory-based practicals remained conducted virtually during the transition from the Covid-19 pandemic to the endemic phase. The problem-based assignment for Pharmaceutical Analysis was conducted virtually.  This study aims to evaluate students' level of engagement and perception of virtual engagement to complete an online problem-based assignment on real situations using the cooperative Jigsaw model. Jamboard was used as an online communication tool to connect the students and facilitators. The content of the written discussion posted on the Jamboard and the questionnaire survey were analysed to establish the level of engagement. The student's perception of virtual engagement was based on a questionnaire survey using descriptive analysis.  Analysis of the student's opinion posted on the Jamboard showed the presence of cognitive, social, and teaching components in the level of engagement during the virtual discussion.  The information from the internet is borderless and the facilitators need to be knowledgeable to explain, guide, and stimulate higher-order thinking among the students. With careful course design, the Jigsaw cooperative activity on real problem-based questions could use to facilitate collaborative problem-solving skills among the students.


To discover the main characteristics of Korean traditional flower arrangement, they were compared with different articles and old paintings used in royal court ceremonies. The primary research involved principle of design. The times periods used were the Joseon Dynasty era of Korea, the Ming era of China, and the Edo eras of Japan. The result, which shows both the similarities and differences, of the research is summarized as follows. The similarities were that they all respect the features of nature, and their image expresses their creator's thinking. There was one technique, called 'Suje', in which a part of the stem is coming out from one branch. Also, each three eras preferred flowering trees and ornamental trees more than annuals or foliage plants. one of the differences was that korea used a simple number of materials. The work had volume and appeared mild by using a soft curved line which was repetitive and massive. The Joseon Dynasty era advanced a sense of beauty with artistic symmetry and balance. The work seemed soft and natural because of the little change in blank space, with almost no angle of line. The form had a characteristic preference of being taller than the typical Japanese arrangement. It appeared simple, calm, and rustic by using only one kind of material. In contrast, the Chinese style was gorgeous and displayed volume in a non-symmetrical tripodal form, which incorporated various colors and materials. Also, they avoided processing the materials in order to emphasize the original beauty of nature. Chinese flower arts did not become formalized because they did not consider the formality seriously the formal. The Japanese style was also gorgeous because it incorporated various materials and angles. It included an extreme technique in which an artificial line divided the blank space delicately. The line was both strong and delicate in an established form. The restriction of the main branch gave a light feeling, as well as more strain as in a balance sense. The Japanese eras emphasized more the use of line and a sense of blank space.


Let A ⊂ P4 be a union of m distinct hyperplanes. In this note for many m,d we prove the existence of reduced, connected and nodal curves C ⊂ A with deg(C) = d, pa(C) = 0 and maximal rank, i.e. h (A,IC,A(t)) · h(A,IC,A(t)) = 0 for all t ∈ N. AMS Subject Classification: 14H50, 14N05


PURPOSE: A backlight unit is provided to secure the desired air gap without abrasion of an optical sheet although a supporting part comes in contact with the optical sheet. CONSTITUTION: A backlight unit comprises a circuit board(200), an optical sheet(400) and a plurality of supporting parts(500). Plural light sources(300) are arranged on the circuit board. The optical sheet is positioned on the circuit board. The supporting parts are positioned between the circuit board and optical sheet to support the optical sheet. The supporting parts are surface-mounted on the circuit board by a solder, and includes a body and a lead frame which is positioned at a lower side of the body.


The corrosion behavior of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) in the environment containing H2S and CO2 was studied. The results show that the corrosion of LaB6 was severe when the environmental temperature and the partial pressure of H2S were high, and the corrosion would preferentially happen at the central part of the sample due to the lower compact of this part.


Abstract : This effort focused on the development and integration of large knowledge bases and knowledge based tools. The project significantly advanced the state of the art in ontology and knowledge base development. Of particular scientific interest was a set of formal experiments that were conducted and described in technical reports and academic publications that quantified the value of knowledge base technology. The project also laid the groundwork for further efforts in ontology development and standardization. The Teknowledge integration approach was integration of components using a single large ontology based on Cyc. A significant result was the development of a version of Cyc for government distribution, which contained an Integrated Knowledge Base (IKB) and Integrated Development Environment (IDE). This software built on Cyc and included the ontology content developed during the HPKB project by our team. The HPKB project was structured to have several Challenge Problems that motivated and evaluate research progress. The Crisis Management Challenge Problem was focused on knowledge-based inference and the domain was reasoning about international crisis situations. The Battlespace Challenge Problem went through several iterations but wound up focusing on planning for battlefield workarounds and critiquing Army Courses of Action (COAs). The latter technology focus was on an integration of knowledge based sketching, restricted English to logic translation, problem solving, and knowledge-based inference.


Morphometric characteristics of human skeletal muscle cells in primary culture. Int. J. Morphol., 40(2) :521-529, 2022. SUMMARY: The study of cell morphology has contributed to the innovation of clinical techniques and biomedical research. Primary cell culture techniques are well standardized; however, knowledge about morphometric parameters under cell culture conditions is scarce. Variations in morphology can affect cell physiology and responses. The aim of this study was to use morphometric tools to describe the growth and development of skeletal muscle cells under standard cell culture conditions. A photographic database was generated, and morphometric data was obtained for nine cell characteristics (n = 559 cells). Four muscular cell shapes (spherical, irregular outline, triangular and spindle/fusiform) were characterized with wide ranges in variation. The maximum cell length (110-262 m m), width (35-66 m m), area (2,642 - 9,480 m m 2 ), projection lengths (45 - 127 m m), and nucleus diameter (28 – 11 m m) were obtained by day 23 of culture. A single centrally positioned nucleus was observed in each cell; nucleoli diameter (5 – 2 m m) and number (1 - 5) varied. In general, cyclic changes in cell sizes were identified during culture, whereas cell length, width, and area increased in spurts. These results suggest that morphometric parameters can be used to monitor skeletal muscle cell development under standard culture conditions.


Abstract : The computer program UIFLOW-2D has been applied to the numerical simulation of turbulent axisymmetric flows. In a preliminary test of the performance of the program it has been used to simulate four different types of flows, isothermal and reactive, with and without swirl. Numerical results are discussed and compared with published experimental data. Recommendations are made for future development and application to gas turbine combustors.


Background— Lifetime risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not previously been estimated, and the effect of risk factor burden on lifetime risk is unknown. Methods and Results— We included all Framingham Heart Study participants who were free of CVD (myocardial infarction, coronary insufficiency, angina, stroke, claudication) at 50 years of age. Lifetime risks to 95 years of age were estimated for men and women, with death free of CVD as a competing event. We followed up 3564 men and 4362 women for 111 777 person-years; 1757 had CVD events and 1641 died free of CVD. At 50 years of age, lifetime risks were 51.7% (95% CI, 49.3 to 54.2) for men and 39.2% (95% CI, 37.0 to 41.4) for women, with median survivals of 30 and 36 years, respectively. With more adverse levels of single risk factors, lifetime risks increased and median survivals decreased. Compared with participants with ≥2 major risk factors, those with optimal levels had substantially lower lifetime risks (5.2% versus 68.9% in men, 8.2% versus 50.2% in women) and markedly longer median survivals (>39 versus 28 years in men, >39 versus 31 years in women). Conclusions— The absence of established risk factors at 50 years of age is associated with very low lifetime risk for CVD and markedly longer survival. These results should promote efforts aimed at preventing development of risk factors in young individuals. Given the high lifetime risks and lower survival in those with intermediate or high risk factor burden at 50 years of age, these data may be useful in communicating risks and supporting intensive preventive therapy.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the type and determine the number of motorcycle related cranio-maxillofacial injuries that were seen by the ORL service in the emergency room of a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2013

METHODS
Study Design: Cross sectional retrospective chart review
Setting: Tertiary National University Hospital
Subjects: One hundred nine charts of patients seen at the emergency room from January 2013 to December 2013 were reviewed

RESULTS:  Of the 109 charts of patients involved in vehicular accidents, there were 76 documented cases of motorcycle related accidents. Of these, 91% involved males and 9% involved females. Seventy one percent did not wear helmets, of whom 36% were young adult males between the ages of 18-30 years. Those that wore helmets had a total of 27 different facial fracture sites: 19% zygomatic tripod fractures, 15% temporal bone fractures and 11% with no fractures noted. Among those who did not wear helmets 75 fractures were noted. Twenty four percent were tripod fractures, 15% temporal bone fractures and 12% maxillary fractures. Only one did not incur any fractures.

CONCLUSION: Most cranio-maxillofacial fractures seen at the emergency room were from motorcycle related injuries (70%).  Despite implementation of Republic Act 10054 (The Motorcycle Helmet Act of 2009) majority of motorcycle-related accidents are still incurred by riders without helmets.

Keywords: cranio-maxillofacial fractures, motorcycle accidents, helmet, tripod fracture, temporal bone fracture


Abstract We extend the Stinespring's representation theorem for two k-linear maps on a Hilbert -module and a -algebra. We prove a covariant representation theorem for two covariant k-linear maps and construct the extension of two k-linear maps to the crossed product Hilbert -module and the crossed product -algebra.


This randomised, double‐blind study compared single dose lumiracoxib (a cyclooxygenase‐2 selective inhibitor) 100 and 400 mg, ibuprofen 400 mg and placebo in patients with postoperative dental pain over 12 h. The primary efficacy variable was pain intensity difference. Lumiracoxib 400 mg and ibuprofen were superior to placebo from 1 to 12 h post dose while lumiracoxib 100 mg was superior from 1.5 to 9 h. Lumiracoxib 400 mg demonstrated the fastest median time to onset of analgesia (37.4 min) followed by ibuprofen (41.5), and lumiracoxib 100 mg (52.4; all p ≤ 0.001 vs. placebo). Median time to rescue medication (h) was longer for lumiracoxib 400 mg (≥12), lumiracoxib 100 mg (∼7) and ibuprofen (∼8) than placebo (∼2; all p ≤ 0.001 vs. placebo). Patients rated lumiracoxib 400 mg superior to the other active treatments (p < 0.05); lumiracoxib 100 mg was comparable with ibuprofen and superior to placebo (p < 0.001). Lumiracoxib provided rapid, effective and well‐tolerated analgesia.


In this paper, we mathematically describe the time evolution of protein folding features via Iori et al.'s heteropolymer model. More specifically, we identify that the folding amino acid chain evolve according to a power law $D \sim t^{\nu}$. The power $\nu$ decreases from $0.\overline{66}$ to $0.5$ when the randomness of the coupling constants in the Lennard-Jones potential increases.


Abstract: A monoamine oxidase assay utilizing generally labeled [3H]‐serotonin as substrate became nonlinear after only ∼5% conversion of initial c.p.m. to product. Subsequent analysis showed that a significant proportion of the tritium label was readily exchangeable into water and that monoamine oxidase activity increased release of label as water. The use of generally labeled substrates for oxidase activities is not recommended.


A reversible ratiometric fluorescent probe was constructed for highly sensitive and selective detection of sulfites. Moreover, this probe can be regenerated for circulatory monitoring of sulfites through a redox-based tandem reaction. Finally, this probe was successfully applied to monitor the variation of sulfites in living HeLa cells.