Purpose. To explore the role of Botulinum Toxin type A (BoNT-A) in the management of the spastic hemiplegic shoulder and identify the common achievable goals for treatment. Method. Set in a regional spasticity management service in the UK, a prospective observational cohort study was undertaken. Patients (n = 16) were receiving BoNT-A (Dysport©) injection and concurrent therapy for spasticity of the shoulder girdle or proximal upper limb following stroke/other acquired brain injury. Mean age 54.5 (SD 15.7) years. Mean time since injury: 15.7 months. Functional goals for intervention were determined through agreement with the patient or their carers using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS). Evaluation of spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), pain (numbered graphic rating scale) and three standard passive function tasks (washing, dressing and positioning) were also undertaken. Results. Sixteen weeks post-injection, significant improvements were identified in spasticity (Z = −3.535, p <0.0001), pain (Z = −1.942, p = 0.052) and passive function (Z = −3.172, p = 0.002). GAS scores had improved in all but one subject, with goals either achieved or over-achieved. Conclusions. BoNT-A injection of the proximal upper limb, with combined therapy, produced a reduction in spasticity, improvement in passive function and pain. Management of upper limb spasticity should include evaluation and, if necessary treatment, of the shoulder girdle and proximal musculature.


There are few reports on the tolerability and efficacy of perampanel, a new antiepileptic drug with a novel mechanism of action, in children and adolescents. We aimed to describe our experience with perampanel add‐on and mono‐therapy in children with refractory epilepsy.


The utility model discloses a full-automatic drum-type plug precision seeding and seedling-growing machine for greenhouses, which comprises a substrate mixer, a bed, a conveying chain, a substrate hopper, a drum suction type precision seeding device and a drive device, the substrate mixer is arranged on one side of the bed and corresponds to the substrate hopper, and according to a plug seedling-growing operation procedure required by agriculture, an operation console, a plug pallet, the substrate hopper, a brush, a rolling roller, a water sprayer, the drum suction type precision seeding device, a secondary substrate-loading hopper and a rolling device are sequentially arranged on the bed. The machine has the advantages that: the machine can carry out substrate mixing, plug conveying, substrate loading, rolling, water spraying, precision dibbling, secondary substrate loading and other operations in one step, the working efficiency can be greatly increased, the seedling-growing production cost can be greatly reduced, the quality of seedling-growing operation can be effectively increased, and the rate of emergence is increased. The utility model fundamentally solves the problems of high artificial seedling-growing cost, low efficiency and short supply.


It is well known that many data, such as the financial or demographic data, exhibit asymmetric distributions. In recent years, researchers have concentrated their efforts to model this asymmetry. Skew normal model is one of such models that are skew and yet possess many properties of the normal model. In this paper, a new multivariate skew model is proposed, along with its statistical properties. It includes the multivariate normal distribution and multivariate skew normal distribution as special cases. The quadratic form of this random vector follows a χ2 distribution. The roles of the parameters in the model are investigated using contour plots of bivariate densities.


The article is analyzing work of the pension fund in South Urals during the period of «shock therapy». The article considers changes in the pension legislation, structure and functions as well as operational environment of regional pension services that were providing pension fund schemes for the population. It also identifies causes of essential decrease in living standards of pension recipients while market principles were implemented into social welfare services.


In the last fifteen years, thanks to the refinement of non–invasive diagnostic techniques, there has been a clear increase in the diagnosis of amyloidosis. From this need arises the establishment of a specific out–patients department in order to guarantee the best path of diagnosis and treatment.

 Since 2018 we have begun to suspect cardiac amyloidosis in hospitalized patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and clinical and/or instrumental red flags: left ventricular hypertrophy unexplained by other causes, biatrial enlargement, minimal pericardial effusion, history of carpal tunnel, low voltages in peripheral leads, elevated values of cardiac biomarkers. In these patients we excluded AL amyloidosis by searching for monoclonal components and at the same time we performed a myocardial scintigraphy with diphosphonates. In the case of positive scintigraphy, patients are taken care of at our cardiology rare disease outpatient clinic. We believe that this collaboration is essential for the correct management of the patient with amyloidosis, especially in an area like ours where there is a high prevalence of a mutation, val30met, with prevailing initial neurological involvement.

 From 2019, 156 patients underwent bone scintigraphy with diphosphonates. The average age is 78 years. 87 scintigraphies were positive (Perugini 2–3), 47 patients were diagnosed with TTRwt amyloidosis, 3 with TTRv amyloidosis, 38 are awaiting genetic testing. 34% underwent organ biopsy (of which 10 patients underwent salivary gland biopsy, 3 patients underwent periumbilical fat biopsy and 1 patient underwent BEM at another center. 25% underwent cardiac MRI. 7 patients underwent started in Tafamidis.

 Amyloidosis is a frequently underdiagnosed disease. An early diagnosis is crucial to undertake, in cases that allow it, a specific therapy: chemotherapy in the case of AL amyloidosis or disease–modifying drugs in the case of TTR. The experience of our center has shown us how a multidisciplinary approach and a specific diagnostic path are crucial to achieve an early diagnosis in order to establish therapeutic paths that can modify natural history of the disease.


Database is an important asset for many applications, so their security is most important one. Data confidentiality is particularly relevant because of the value, often not only monetary, that data have. For example, medical history of patients in a hospital over several years is an important asset, which must be protected. Consider a hospital is connected with a research center. It should be possible the researchers can use the medical details without knowing any personal information of patients .This type of information hiding can be called as anonymization (Sanitization).The sanitized version of data provides security and confidentiality. So the research data base used by the researchers must be anonymized (Sanitized). Data perturbation, Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) and Anonymization are the different techniques used today. Here we consider an anonymous database system and an approach to manage the untrusted malicious parties in that system.


One in every fifty human beings has crossed borders as migrants.All indications are that the numbers of migrants and other uprooted peoples will continue to increase.Most migration today takes plece as a result of compelling circumstances.As is now widely recognized,the rising hostility towards mnigrants workers and other foreigners in so many societies,obviously exacerbated by the traumas ofrecession and unemployments, appears to be an ominous and malignat cancer spreading accorss aour societies.Therefore, authentic Christian faith must be lived in a world in which millions people have no home and are making demands on the countries to which they immigrate or are deported. What is the Church's attitude towards these people? How should people of the Church respond to the urgent needs of these human beings? Fr.Joe Masan Toron is empowering us to have the biblical perspectives to cope with migration and migrants workers in our society.


As part of a project aiming at assessing ventilation in low energy buildings, this study analyses the performance of innovative ventilation systems used in a single-family building. Five ventilation systems are investigated by simulation using SIMBAD Building and HVAC Toolbox. The results then show better performance in terms of energy demand and indoor air quality (IAQ) for balanced ventilation systems, either permanent or intermittent management. The investigated demanded-controlled ventilation (DCV), which strategies based on CO 2 level and on combined CO 2 and humidity, levels lead to less good but acceptable IAQ. They also allow important reduction of energy demand compared to exhaust-only ventilation system.


Power line communication (PLC) over low-voltage grid, is an attractive technology for no-new-wiring networks. In such typical application fields as home networks and street lighting management system, PLC network is always vulnerable in robustness and the logical link is liable to be destroyed because of the different user's personalities and the special channel properties. To improve the robustness of PLC network, the reasons that lead to the failure of data link are revealed, and the main achievements of randomized initialization protocols for ad hoc networks are studied. According to the study results, a novel low cost intelligent control method in MAC protocol is proposed to automatically maintain the logical connectivity of the PLC network. The performance of the method is evaluated theoretically and experimentally.


We present a case of 85-year-old patient diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction of anterior wall due to coronary embolism secondary to persistent atrial fibrillation. The patient was performed coronary angiography and aspiration thrombectomy. Due to lack of atherosclerotic lesions, there was no need of stent implantation. On echocardiography we found left atrium appendage thrombus. After she was given dual antiplatelet therapy and rivaroxaban, gastrointestinal bleeding was observed. After that incident rivaroxaban was discontinued, which has led to the right axillary artery embolism. Afterwords she was given therapy only with oral anticoagulant and qualified to left atrium appendage closure.


This article discusses how the integration of rail and road transportation is being pursued in the Netherlands. It also looks at the impact that this policy will have upon mobility, information provision, and incident management.


To further strengthen management in Party members education in structured enterprise and give full play to their exemplary and vanguard role,we should enhance the management in"termination-of-labor-contract-bynegotiation"Party members regular education,innovate the management system,care for them politically and try to solve their practical difficulties.


Theimportance ofpre-employment chest radiography intheelimination ofpulmonary tuberculosis fromthemines isnowwidely recognized. InSouth Wales, mining entrants havebeenradiographed since 1940butintherestofGreatBritain this has only become general since nationalization ofthecoal industry in1948.IntheU.S.A. thepractice isnot yetuniversal butvaries withthefirm. IntheUnion ofSouth Africa all European employees inscheduled gold-mines havehadpre-employment chest radiographs formanyyears; butthispractice didnot apply toalarge numberofunscheduled mines(gold, copper, orasbestos) nortoAfrican labourers. Recent legislation (1956) hasmadepre-employment chest radiography ofbothEuropean andAfrican employees compulsory inmostmines inthecountry. Theinclusion ofAfrican miners inthis scheme is important inviewofthehighprevalence ofpulmonarytuberculosis amongthem.A recent survey intheNorthern Transvaal (UnionGovernment Committee ofEnquiry intoPneumoconiosis and Tuberculosis, 1955-56) revealed a prevalence of tuberculosis of7-8perthousand inarural African population. Dormerin1943found aprevalence for thesameareaof23perthousand. IntheBechuanalandProtectorate theprevalence wasestimated to be13perthousand (1952) andinKenya11per thousand (1949). Estimates forNyasaland andthe Rhodesias, fromwhicha large proportion ofthe mine's African labour isrecruited, arenotavailable, butthere isnoreason tosuppose thattheincidence oftuberculosis inthese countries differs muchfrom thefigures given. Thelatest available estimates for theUnionofSouthAfrica areupto5perthousand forEuropeans andbetween 10and20perthousand fornon-Europeans (Viljoen, 1957).


Nepheline syenite is an important potassium-rich rock resource. Nepheline syenite powder was decomposed successfully by hydrothermal reaction using NaOH additive. Hydroxycancrinite (Na8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2·2H2O ) solid and (K,Na)2SiO3 solution was obtained as a result of the hydrothermal reaction.


Depending on the throttling process of finger pad gap and the kinetic energy dissipation within the finger gap, finger seal can reduce the fluid leakage. But the deformation of the finger will increase the finger pad gap, which results in the increasing of overall leakage. To evaluate the performances of the finger seal, we used a two-way fluid-structure interaction method to analyse the seal deformation and flow field through the finger seal simultaneously. The numerical analyses show that a strengthened finger seal or a convergent type pad can be considered to reduce the leakage flow through finger pad gap. Finger pad deformation depends mainly on the pressure difference, but not the finger pad gap. There is a strong vortex in the finger gap, which blocks the fluid leakage. The leakage fluid is divided into many small vortices, the kinetic energy of the leakage fluid is dissipated in such a process and its pressure is decreased. When the finger pad deformed, its high pressure end moves toward the shaft, if the pressure difference increases or the shaft oscillated, this end could touch the shaft surface. The position of the maximum radial movement of finger pad does not coincide with the position of the maximum deformation of finger pad, which means the finger pad will be twisted to some extent rather than simply lift.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The electron screening effect in the d(d,p)t reaction has been studied for deuterated metals, insulators, and semiconductors, i.e. 58 samples in total. As compared to measurements performed with a gaseous D2 target, a large effect has been observed in most metals, while a small (gaseous) effect is found e.g. for the insulators, semiconductors, and lanthanides. The periodic table provides the ordering of the observed small and large effects in the samples. An explanation of the large effects in metals is possibly provided by the classical plasma screening of Debye applied to the quasi-free metallic electrons. The data also provide information on the solubility of hydrogen in the samples.


Uniformly BN-coated silicon carbide nanowires have been synthesized via the vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism. Nanoscale Ni–C grains were used as catalysts and a mixture of boron and silica was heated to simultaneously generate SiO and B2O2 vapors. The uniform coating was explained based on the TEM observations. The fixed relative vapor concentrations absorbed by the catalyst droplets and the (111) facets at the outermost surface of the SiC nanowires are responsible for the uniform coating. The effect of the closely packed (111) plane, which exists on the surface of the nanowires, was studied for the tentative synthesis of BN-coated Si3N4 nanowires. The BN coating on Si3N4 nanowires is disordered due to the lack of a closely packed surface plane. When using a BN supported Ni catalyst, BN nanotubes and nano-bamboos, and crystalline straight or amorphous curved Si3N4
nanowires without BN coating are formed.


Due to the decline of the heavy industries in the Ruhr region, the area has to reinvent itself. The orientation towards service industries proves to be a difficult task for the district and its population. This paper examines the challenges, problems and potentials of the Ruhr region against the backdrop of its economical history out of a sociological perspective. Thereby the economical situation and its outcome towards the population stand in the foreground of the paper.


Generalization is a reasoning in making conclusions that contain symbolism and are general. Semiotics have an important role in the process of generalization, in which generalize the pattern not only seen from the work of students but based on the process of students in understanding and making things. This paper aims to describe how junior high school students generalize patterns based on semiotic perspectives. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative in which data obtained by test, interview and observation. The subjects consist of 3 students of grade VIII junior high school students of 1 high, moderate, and low mathematics students. The findings of this research are at the factual stage the three subjects have the same gesture and word. But in the contextual phase each subject has a different way or step of work in accordance with the understanding possessed by each subject and the last stage of the symbolization of the three subjects can create the same formula. This paper is expected to be used as a reference for teachers to understand the ability of students in the generalization process.


Wild and cultivated olives in the Western Cape of South Africa are direct or indirect hosts to a high diversity of Braconidae and Chalcidoidea wasps. Olive-associated Braconidae are known to parasitise the larvae of Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), and probably also Bactrocera biguttula (Bezzi). The lifestyle of olive-associated Chalcidoidea is not fully understood, and may include phytophagous, parasitoid and hyperparasitoid species. Some chalcids could represent olive seed wasps (OSW), a generic term that designates the seed feeders responsible for losses in commercial olive production. In order to obtain direct DNA-based evidence for the lifestyle of four putative OSW – Eupelmus spermophilus Silvestri, Eurytoma oleae Silvestri, Eurytoma varicolor Silvestri, Sycophila aethiopica (Silvestri); and the parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosus (Westwood) – we developed a multiplex PCR assay comprising species-specific primers for each species. The assay was used to survey larvae collected from the seeds of wild and cultivated olives. Eupelmus spermophilus was the most abundant species in wild and cultivated olives, and may represent a threat to the local olive industry. Eurytoma oleae was found only within the seeds of wild olives, and may also represent an OSW. We found direct evidence supporting the potential agricultural relevance of S. aethiopica and E. varicolor as parasitoids of E. spermophilus. These results may inform strategies for the management and control of OSW in the Western Cape.


Objective To determine the susceptibility of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus to commonly used insecticides in the previously Dengue fever-prevalent areas in Hainan province. Methods The larvae dipping method was used to measure the susceptibility of mosquitoes to commonly used insecticides. Results The resistance ratio of Ae. aegypti to deltamethrin was 2.04-2.82,and 3.76 to Beta cypermethrin in Sanya. The resistance ratio of Ae. albopictus to deltamethrin was 2.40-3.60,and 2.63 and 2.07 to fenobucarb and propoxur,respectively,in Haikou. Conclusion Decreased susceptibility of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to the sample insecticides was observed in the previously Dengue fever-prevalent areas in Hainan.


The objective of this project is to design and implement of an industrial
robotic arm that has three degrees of freedom (DOF) and a mobile carrier, its function
is to move dangerous materials from one place to another.


We have demonstrated 10-Gb/s transmission over 51 km of standard single-mode fiber (SMF) using a 1.3-/spl mu/m low chirp high-power directly modulated, packaged DFB laser module. With +7-dBm average laser module power and -16-dBm PIN receiver sensitivity, the power budget is 23 dB, which allows transmission over 50 km of standard SMF without optical amplifiers. In addition, we have investigated the impact of fiber chromatic dispersion on systems performance at 10 Gb/s over a wide range of dispersion. For the dispersion range of -600 to 0 ps/nm, negative power penalties have been observed due to the pulse compression effect which is resulted from a low chirp of the laser. For use of this effect, the distributed-feedback (DFB) laser wavelength needs to be properly selected and its range is found to be as wide as 80 nm for transmission over 50 km of embedded standard SMF cables.


Inflammation as a biological concept has been around a long time and derives from the Latin "to set on fire" and refers to the redness and heat, and usually swelling, which accompanies injury and infection. Chronic inflammation is also associated with ageing and is described by the term "inflammaging". Likewise, the biological concept of hormesis, in the guise of what "does not kill you, makes you stronger", has long been recognized, but in contrast, seems to have anti-inflammatory and age-slowing characteristics. As both phenomena act to restore homeostasis, they may share some common underlying principles. Thermodynamics describes the relationship between heat and energy, but is also intimately related to quantum mechanics. Life can be viewed as a series of self-renewing dissipative structures existing far from equilibrium as vortexes of "negentropy" that ages and dies; but, through reproduction and speciation, new robust structures are created, enabling life to adapt and continue in response to ever changing environments. In short, life can be viewed as a natural consequence of thermodynamics to dissipate energy to restore equilibrium; each component of this system is replaceable. However, at the molecular level, there is perhaps a deeper question: is life dependent on, or has it enhanced, quantum effects in space and time beyond those normally expected at the atomistic scale and temperatures that life operates at? There is some evidence it has. Certainly, the dissipative adaptive mechanism described by thermodynamics is now being extended into the quantum realm. Fascinating though this topic is, does exploring the relationship between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and biology give us a greater insight into ageing and, thus, medicine? It could be said that hormesis and inflammation are expressions of thermodynamic and quantum principles that control ageing via natural selection that could operate at all scales of life. Inflammation could be viewed as a mechanism to remove inefficient systems in response to stress to enable rebuilding of more functional dissipative structures, and hormesis as the process describing the ability to adapt; underlying this is the manipulation of fundamental quantum principles. Defining what "quantum biological normality" is has been a long-term problem, but perhaps we do not need to, as it is simply an expression of one end of the normal quantum mechanical spectrum, implying that biology could inform us as to how we can define the quantum world.


This research aims at discovering "The effectiveness of a multimedia program based on sensory learning patterns in developing life skills". To achieve this goal the two researches formulated the following two hypotheses: During conducting this research in terms of content and aims, the two researches s depends on experimental principle. Although, designates experimental method for experimental and controlled groups (pre-post) to develop the life skills randomly, in which these are two tests for develop their life skills. In addition, it is one of the sorts of experimental research which has a concrete arrangement, as it is used to be adjusted with the research aims. The search sample was made up of (37) students from the 10th grade of the school (Mohammed Majidi) in Erbil Governorate for the academic year (2018-2019), and was distributed according to the design of the research on two groups (experimental-controlled) in a random way, after the parity between them, where the experimental group studied with a multimedia program based on learning patterns, the control group studied in the traditional way. The experimental group consisted of (19) students and the control group (18), and the two groups were equal in a number of variables including: temporal age-grades of achievement in the "Grade 9 Foundation" (General-and Biology), and parents ' school achievement rate, IQ, test of previous information, measurement of learning patterns). learning patterns has been developed. Within the search insights, the two researches prepared a multimedia computer education program about the current nature of biology in general by using presentation in the Biology curriculum (Power Point) & (Adobe Photoshop CS5) to modify some images and text, (Animation Cc adobe) for some calendar questions, (Crazy Talk) to record the voice of the two researches and display animation, (Camtasia Studio 8) to modify the video, and (paint) to modify some images. The two researches used a measurement to measure the sensory learning patterns of the research sample to the "Biology" as a subject, consisted of (36) paragraphs and distributed on three axes (visual, auditory, kinetic), as well as after the extraction of a handout and its stability, it was used to determine the percentage of the types of sensory learning of the experimental group students. The two researches have also prepared a life skills test which consisted of two types, first (multiple test multiple choice) and the number of paragraphs is (40). The validity was extracted with statistical analysis of its paragraphs and then its steadiness where the VA Cronbach equation was used for stability where reached (0.86) which is a good test coefficient. After analyzing the results and addressing statistically, the following results have appeared:


The solubility of actinides in the +3 oxidation state is an important input into the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) performance assessment (PA) models that calculate potential actinide release from the WIPP repository. In this context, the solubility of neodymium(III) was determined as a function of pH, carbonate concentration, and WIPP brine composition. Additionally, we conducted a literature review on the solubility of +3 actinides under WIPP-related conditions. Neodymium(III) was used as a redox-invariant analog for the +3 oxidation state of americium and plutonium, which is the oxidation state that accounts for over 90% of the potential release from the WIPP through the dissolved brine release (DBR) mechanism, based on current WIPP performance assessment assumptions. These solubility data extend past studies to brine compositions that are more WIPP-relevant and cover a broader range of experimental conditions than past studies.


We report the safety and pharmacokinetic properties of the HIV‐1 maturation inhibitor GSK3739937 (GSK'937) in healthy participants. This was a phase I, first‐in‐human, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐ (part 1) and multiple‐ (part 2) dose escalation study with an additional open‐label relative bioavailability and food effect study (part 3). Participants received oral ascending single doses (10–800 mg) in part 1, up to 18 once‐daily 25‐ to 100‐mg or 3 once‐weekly 500‐mg doses in part 2, and single 100‐mg doses as powder‐in‐bottle or tablet (in fed and fasted states) formulations in part 3. Primary and secondary objectives were safety and pharmacokinetic assessments, respectively. Ninety‐one participants were enrolled; 38 reported 81 total adverse events (AEs). All AEs in participants receiving GSK'937 were grade 1 or 2 and resolved during the study. Most drug‐related AEs were gastrointestinal (14/17, 82%). The terminal phase half‐life of GSK'937 was ~3 days for all doses following single and repeat dosing. Geometric mean maximum concentration and total drug exposures exhibited dose‐proportional increases during part 1. Accumulation in exposure following repeat dosing was 6‐ to 7‐fold with daily dosing and ~1.7‐fold after weekly treatment, as expected due to the long half‐life. Bioavailability of GSK'937 after a meal was 1.35‐ to 1.40‐fold greater as a tablet versus powder‐in‐bottle and >2‐fold higher in fed versus fasted states when provided as a tablet. No unexpected or dose‐limiting safety events occurred. Pharmacokinetic parameters of long half‐life and accumulation of exposure following repeat dosing suggest the potential for weekly oral dosing. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04493684.


We consider two seemingly unrelated questions: the relationship between nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares on real varieties, and sparse semidefinite programming. This connection is natural when a real variety $X$ is defined by a quadratic square-free monomial ideal. In this case nonnegative polynomials and sums of squares on $X$ are also natural objects in positive semidefinite matrix completion. Nonnegative quadratic forms over $X$ naturally correspond to partially specified matrices where all of the fully specified square blocks are PSD, and sums of squares quadratic forms naturally correspond to partially specified matrices which can be completed to a PSD matrix. We show quantitative results on approximation of nonnegative polynomials by sums of squares, which leads to applications in sparse semidefinite programming.


In the context of new approaches in education in the Russian Federation and because of public discussion, concerning the project of the federal law on education a new format of typical educational standard for doctoral studies based on Russian universities is proposed.


Failure in customer satisfaction is specifically in ordering futsal fields because of overlapping orders and schedules. Not only that, the futsal field providers are also having difficulty processing order data because the owner must open records in the book to reorder the order data. When the owner of the field provider does not have good data management, the owner does not know if there is an entry, no one provides a small-scale field provider that does not have permanent guards such as large-scale leasing. For this reason, I ask to do the first queue structure out first for FIFO. This system is built using the PHP programming language and MySQL database..


We describe sensitive techniques for identifying variable stars in multiepoch photometry lists made in two or more bandpasses or pairwise in a single bandpass. Our search strategy employs the correlation in brightness change between paired frames, which allows the extraction of information on variability in the presence of random photometric noise. A statistic for assessing the type of variable or degree of contamination by an unresolved source (depending on circumstance) is also described, as well as a bootstrap scheme for predicting confidence intervals for detection of real variability. These detection schemes are manifestly more robust than existing search techniques. To illustrate the power of this technique, we give a two-epoch example for photometry in the field of NGC 3201, a globular cluster rich in RR Lyr variables


High fluoride content becomes one of the most serious environmental and health problems today. The excessive presence not only affects human beings but also animals and vegetation because of their mobility in aqueous ecosystem, toxicity and non-biodegradability. Removal of fluoride from the aqueous solution is one of the major researches carried out by researchers in the field of environment. Although different methods such as Ion exchange, precipitation, evaporation, membrane filtration and adsorption are used for fluoride removal, adsorption process has attracted attention of many researchers because of low cost, design flexibility, and high efficiency. The present review is focused on the fluoride removal based on the performance of various fruit peel and shell based adsorbents. The objective of this review is to contribute in the search for low cost adsorbents and investigate the parameters that influence the adsorption of fluoride on adsorbents. A summary of available researches has been composed by a range of potentially low-cost fruit peel and shell based adsorbents.


Purpose Our purpose is to construct mathematical models of functions of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Here we show the development and results of two models: 1) a compartmental model of Ca2+ dynamics 2) finite element model of epithelial transport and trans‐epithelial resistance.


Estimation of stature from skeletal remains is one of important factor in forensic identification. In the present study an attempt has been made to formulate estimation of stature using facial and upper limb measurements of Kattunayakans of District Madurai, TamilNadu. A total number of 160(80 Males and 80 Females) Kattunayakans aged from 18 to 48 years. Each subject were measured for the following ten measurements Upper arm length, Radial length, Ulnar length, Hand length, Hand breadth, Palm length, Midfinger length, Ear length, Nasal height and Facial height besides stature. Here an attempt was to made to determine the relationship between the stature and upper limb measurements. A multiplication factor and linear regression equations was found to be best methods for stature estimation in both males and females among kattunayakans.This study also tries to find out reliable approach to determine the stature.


Electron trapping in alumina was investigated using the methods of thermal stimulation of occupied trapping levels. A constant recombination lifetime energy band model was used to develop a general analysis employing the concept of an ``effective'' thermal emission probability. This analysis was used to relate experimental results to theoretical expressions for arbitrary retrapping rates. Results for polycrystalline alumina revealed several discrete traps in the trapping spectra with trap densities on the order of 1018 cm−3 and capture cross sections varying from 10−21 to 10−15 cm2 for the different trap levels observed. An extension of this analysis yielded an estimate of 0.2 (cm2/V sec) for the carrier mobility at 600°K.


Locating cranes is critical toward safely lifting in construction industry. In this paper, based on overlapping work envelopes, we present optimized solutions for collision-free locating of mobile cranes. Our solution first determines the feasible location areas of the cranes, which are discretized with regular grids. We then incorporate a collision detection method, through which the locations with potential collision are eliminated. With the objective of minimizing the weight sum about safety, a smart search is further performed to identify the most suitable locations. Our solution has been implemented in the intelligent computation module for 3D lifting system developed by our group. Its feasibility and effectiveness has also been demonstrated through a concrete case study.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The computational complexity and the power consumption of Channel State Information (CSI) acquisition are important drawbacks in wireless communication systems. Focusing on the special case of the IEEE 802.11p standard for wireless access in vehicular environments, this paper proposes an strategy to reduce the computational complexity associated to the CSI acquisition by including a decision rule to automatically determine the time instants when CSI must be updated. Otherwise, the previous channel estimate is re-utilized. The decision criterion has a very low computational complexity since it consists of calculating the cross-correlation between preambles sent by the transmit antennas which are included in the standard for frame detection as well as for time and frequency synchronization. Since channel estimation takes place only if the decision criterion determines a significant channel variation, it leads to a considerable reduction of computational complexity for channel estimation methods, without penalizing the performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER).


In the design of hydraulic structures, it is common to deal with the supercritical flow. Abrupt expansion structure represents a type of transition often constructed in manmade hydraulic structure (e.g. chutes in dam structures, sewer or drainage system, an irrigation channel, etc.) to cater the geometry difference. It is important to cater to the design of such transition especially it involves flow with high velocity. The flow features of high-velocity flow at sudden expansion channel are studied. A two-dimensional depth-averaged model (DA model) incorporate with Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) scheme is developed to simulate the supercritical flow at the abrupt expansion channel. The numerical model is able to reproduce the flow features of supercritical flow at the abrupt expansion structure. The simulated results are compared with the analytical solution with a different degree of agreement is observed. The same numerical setup is applied to the model generated by FLOW-3D model. The numerical results from the DA model and FLOW-3D model are compared with previous experimental results. The simulated results from the DA model showed better agreement with the experimental results.


A detailed study of the stellar content of the giant H II region NGC 2363 and its surroundings in the Magellanic galaxy NGC 2366 is undertaken to understand the starburst phenomenon. Discussion The highest surface brightness H II region in the sky, NGC 2363, is located at the southern end of the bar in the nearby Magellanic galaxy NGC 2366. Its unusual combination of kinematical features (Roy et al. 1992) make it the archetype of a whole class of small but powerful young starbursts with blowout-like properties. In order to understand the star formation process in starbursts, we have gathered an extensive dataset of images with HST-WFPc2 and CFHT-MONICA, as well as UV spectra (HST-FOS and -STIS) of NGC 2363 and its surroundings. Two star clusters are responsible for the ionization of NGC 2363 (Figure 1). Wolf-Rayet stars are known to be present in cluster B (Drissen et al. 1993) Indeed, our narrow-band (F469N) images reveal the presence of three individual Figure 1. HST-WFPc2 V image of NGC 2363, showing the clusters A and B, as well as the erupting LBV VI. The field is 10" x 8" (170 x 140 pc). North is up, East to the left. 741 use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0074180900206682 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 126.96.36.199, on 28 Jul 2018 at 07:15:18, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of 742 L. Drissen et sl.: NGC 2363 stellar content and surroundings Figure 2. HST-FOS spectrograms of clusters A and B in NGC 2363. The spectrum of cluster A is flat and contains only interstellar narrow absorption features and the nebular C IV A1550emissionline. Prominent P-Cygni profiles of N V A1240and C IV A1550 are seen in the spectrum of cluster B, typical of massive stars with strong winds. WR stars within 0'.'3 of its core. The presence of the WR stars, the erupting LBV VI (Drissen et ale 1997) and two massive O-type stars (whose STIS spectra were obtained at the same time as those of VI), the shape of the UV lines in the FOS spectrum (Figure 2) and the expansion velocity of the surrounding bubble, suggest that cluster B is "" 4 to 6 Myr old. The absence of stellar wind features in the spectrum of knot A, the extreme nebular surface brightness close to its core, and its IRAS colors show that knot A is a very young « 1 Myr) and dense cluster of massive stars still embedded in their natal molecular clouds. The giant H II region located 300 pc to the east of NGC 2363 (NGC 2366-11) is much older than NGC 2363: no WR stars are found, but a dozen red supergiants are detected, suggesting an age of "" 10 Myr. It is tempting to suggest that the extended group of stars to the southwest of NGC 2366 is a satellite galaxy and that its passage through the bar has triggered the wave of star formation portrayed by NGC 2366-11 and NGC 2363. References Drissen, L., Roy, J.-R., Moffat, A.F.J. 1993, AJ 106, 1460 Drissen, L., Roy, J.-R., Robert, C. 1997, ApJ 474, L35 Roy, J.-R., Aube, M., McCall, M.L., Dufour, R.J. 1992, ApJ 386, 498 use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0074180900206682 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 126.96.36.199, on 28 Jul 2018 at 07:15:18, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of


This paper investigates critical systems from the software engineering perspective. It particularly focuses on analysing the system'models building activities defined as Software Process Modeling and tries to lead to a response to problems such as: Is it possible to enhance the dependability characteristics of the system by using a development environment where constraints about the development activities can be expressed and enacted? Which operation could be automated in a critical system development environment leading to a better dependability. Early activities in the system life cycle related to dependability (such as preliminary hasard analysis) are carried on by methods that exhibit two inconveniences: informality and lack of integration. For exemple, in the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (F.M.E.A) this drawbacks are present: The formalism of F.M.E.A is limited to a tabular representation of the results from the analysis proess and how the method relates to other activities of the life cycle is not clear. We show that the use of a software process modeling formalism to describe the methods can alleviate at least part of these disadvantages. For this, we present the models for SART and FMEA methods, using the MASP/DL software process modeling formalism, which has been developped in the ALF project. Then merging of the two models achieves the integration between methods; this consists of identifying the links between the objects of the two models, establishing the global orderings of operations to maintain the coherence of artefacts and identifying the causes to effects relationships between operations and modeling them through control mechanisms


A novel process which combined wafer level package technology with ultra-fine pitch chip-on-flex (COF) by sidewall-insulated compliant bumps was developed. We laminated two types of adhesives, single-layer non-conductive adhesive (NCA) and double-layer of non-conductive adhesive/anisotropic conductive adhesive (NCA/ACA), on wafers, respectively. After wafers with laminated adhesives were diced into chips, thermo-compression bonding process was executed by using high accuracy flip-chip bonder. Proper bonding parameters, such as bonding temperature, time, and pressure, were performed during bonding process. Both mechanical and electrical tests were carried out to evaluate bonding quality of adhesive-bonded COFs. 90-degree of peeling test was conducted as mechanical test to evaluate adhesion of bonding interface. Measurements of electrical insulating resistance and 606 I/Os daisy chain resistance were conducted. The reliability of pre-applied adhesive COFs with 20 εm-pitch sidewall-insulated compliant bumps was also examined. Samples that passed electrical tests were then performed to reliability test in terms of thermal humidity storage test (THST) with 85% related humidity (RH) at 85°C. From the results presented, 20 εm-pitch sidewall-insulated compliant-bump-bonded COF packages with pre-applied NCA and NCA/ACA chips were successfully demonstrated. It showed high reliability and potentiality for ultra-fine pitch COF interconnections.


Axillary fossa masses can be due to a very different kind of medical causes like lymphadenopathy, lymphomas, me -tastasis. Schwannoma is just one of these. We present a case of a median nerve Schwannoma in a pediatric patient that is a new clinical finding in literature. A 15-year old male patient presented to his primary care physician with a palpable mass in his right axillary fossa. After an axillary ultrasound investigation, the pedi atric


The niiini(.iT. population ecology, adult hehaviour and life cycle of Heliconizr~ xunthorle\ were studied 'tt two \ires in Coloinhian tropical forest. The results were compared with the known b i o l o p of otticr f ie l i roniu< species. H. xanthocles is probably unpalatable and is a Mulleriari comimic of some other species. In the Amazon basin H . xanthocles belongs to the 'dennis ray' mimicry ring of the Heliconiini, which includes Euetdes tales, H . burneyt, H . elevatus, H . nelpomme and H . prato. I n the R i o Negro valley, where the latter species either d o not exist or have different mimetic nllcgiances, the 'clennis-ray' pattern of H. xanthocles breaks down. The adults are pollen-feederr, like othriHeBroniic,. hut they also visit other tood sources such as bird droppings. During a marki-ccdptui-e programme in the Rio Negro, adults were found to be almost entirelv restrictcd to \niall dreds iieaitheir foodplant PaJs$ora praeacula. Females were rarer than males, but t h i s wa\ pi-obahlv duc t o a brhavioural difference between the sexes. The males had a Fisher-Ford \uivival rate o f 0.9.5 pciday and d life expectancy of 19 days. Population size estimates of males were between 1 1 and 1 7 individiinl\. Thesi: estimates are lower than, hut comparable to those for other Ifehronzus. Makr as well as lenialri visit the larval foodplant, and an adult male was observed hovrring over a m a l l group oflarvae. The females lay hatches of 12-41 eggs. The largest batch (41 eggs) was laid coopc.rativcly tn t w ~ females. The larvae are gregarious feeders on shoot-tipr of Pas\iflorn pm~ac7rtn. nnd dll life stager are described for the first time. Predation on the larvae by a bug is describrd The pup^ h,i, ii distinctive morphology unlike that of other Hehconius. The adult population ecology, niiinic Iv ,iiid I n n a I behaviour are dircussed.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of increasing the number of thin high Z foils on the dose enhancement and the overall radiation attenuation with a 24MV photon beam.

METHODS
DOSXYZnrc was used to perform Monte Carlo simulations of multi-layer lead foil configurations. The foil size was 7cm x 7cm. and the foil thickness was adjusted to give a combined thickness of 1mm. The number of foils used was 4, 6, 8, and 10. The separation between foils was also varied from 3 to 9 mm. The Mohan 24MV energy spectrum was used as a photon source. The field size was 5cm x 5cm and SSD was 100 cm. The phantom size was 16cm × 16cm × 28cm. The number of histories ranged from 1 to 2 billion. The percentage difference of the dose between the medium with foils and the homogeneous water was computed along the beam axis. The minimum dose enhancement and the change of integrated dose between the foils were determined.

RESULTS
Increasing the number of foils resulted in a decrease in the minimum dose enhancement. The highest dose region occurred in the last section for the 4 and 6 foil cases, whereas the 8 and 10 foil configurations showed the maximum dose region towards the center of the foil group. Increasing the number of foils increased the total integrated dose between foils. For example, the total integrated dose increase between the first and the last foils with a 3mm foil separation were 34.2, 43.4, 57.4, and 64.7% for 4, 6, 8 and 10 foils, respectively.

CONCLUSION
This work showed the degree of dose enhancement around multiple thin lead foils. The results suggest that the total attenuation of photon beam can be increased by increasing the number of foils with a fixed total foil thickness.


Neoplasms that arise in the female genital tract are among the most common neoplasms in women and account for significant health problems, especially in women who are perimenopausal or older. As estimated by the American Cancer Society, there were approximately 66,000 new cases of gynecologic cancers diagnosed in the United States during 1992.' Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer (N=32,000/year), followed by ovarian cancer (N=21,000 casedyear) and cervical cancer (N=13,500 casedyear). Overall, these cancers are among the ten most common cancer sites in American women (TABLE 1 ) . These cancers also contribute significantly to the death rate due to malignancy; in 1992, 13,000 women died of carcinoma of the ovary, the leading cause of death due to a gynecologic cancer (TABLE 2). The focus of the majority of research in gynecologic tumors over the past several decades has been in the areas of therapy. Treatment of gynecologic tumors often involves a multidisciplinary approach, combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in an effort to improve survival. While there have been great improvements in all of the treatment modalities, it has been difficult to document a significant improvement in outcome for the women treated for these devastating malignancies. As is true for all cancers in general and gynecologic tumors specifically, the research focus has shifted in part to prevention and improved screening as a means of reducing the morbidity and mortality due to these diseases. Prevention efforts have the potential to yield the greatest results in terms of decreasing the health care costs of cancer by reducing the incidence of new cancers. Preventive measures rely on the identification of causative agents, as well as development of effective chemopreventative regimens. Screening for cancers identifies pre-invasive or early invasive lesions, which allows for less radical therapy, an especially important consideration when treating


Intrinsically safe mechanisms represent an innovative solution to develop physical human-robot interactions. These systems are characterized by low masses, inertia and torques. In this paper, an innovative actuation strategy is presented, focused on safety concerns. The system is first statically balanced to compensate gravity forces in any configuration. Our contribution then lies in the design of a mechanism that modifies the system balancing, making it possible to follow a planned trajectory or to remain in contact with a moving environment, without developing large forces. This principle is illustrated with an elementary one degree of freedom arm. The whole design procedure is described, so as to define properly the arm parameters for a given task. A closed loop position control strategy is then proposed in order to drive the mechanism. It uses a proportional-derivative controller with configuration dependent gains, whose efficiency is illustrated by trajectory following and interaction simulations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


In the field of ECLS, there should be minimum requirements in education and experience to run an extracorporeal circulation system. The ECLS systems should be applied as a teamwork between physicians who have the medical responsibility (including the ability to cannulate the patient, set up all necessary monitoring systems, and the ability to cope with all potential complications immediately) and perfusionists who have the responsibility for the extracorporeal circulation. The use of ECLS systems should be limited to these occupational groups. ECLS systems need specific medical and technical knowledge in extracorporeal circulation (ECC). There are different previous experiences in 'cardiovascular engineering' for physicians and even for perfusionists. However, it is agreed upon that physicians operating an ECLS system have to have proven experience in (a) indications and contraindications, (b) cannulation of various arterial and venous vessels for immediate start of the ECLS, (c) handling vascular complications secondary to cannulation procedures, (d) techniques avoiding peripheral ischemia after cannulation, (e) various methods to decompress the right and left ventricle, and (f) all monitoring parameters to avoid severe complications such as cerebral hypoxia, myocardial damage, etc. Perfusionists have to have experience in more than 100 ECC perfusions and more than 2 years of practical experience in perfusion during cardiac surgery procedures.


A direct transition from microstrip line to rectangular waveguide compatible with millimeter-wave MMICs is presented. The transition is based on an aperture fed microstrip patch antenna radiating into the waveguide. The microstrip feed line and slot is patterned on the MMIC part and a novel approach using LTCC is presented for realization of the patch antenna and an extension of the waveguide using via walls. By this approach several transitions can be realized simultaneously and freely placed on one or more MMICs. The loss typically encountered going to a separate waveguide probe substrate is thus avoided. The design and simulation results for an LTCC-based transition at W-band is described and measurements on a test transition at G-band is reported.


This paper present results on an automatic muscle sympathetic nerve burst counting method that is based on subject-invariant threshold parameter estimation. This invariant was found from the general exponential behaviour of the burst amplitude distribution with respect to patients. It is also shown that this distribution can be deduced from the probability density function of the nerve activity within the sympathetic fibres, which has also been found to be exponential (V.G. Macefield, 1996).


Methods and apparatuses are provided for detecting a gesture at an electronic device. The gesture is received through an input module of the electronic device. A direction combination corresponding to the gesture is determined. The direction combination includes a plurality of directions. Information regarding the direction combination is compared with information regarding at least one direction combination, which is stored in a memory of the electronic device. A state of the electronic device is changed from a first state to a second state, by using at least one processor of the electronic device, according to a result of comparing the information regarding the direction combination with the information regarding the at least one direction combination.


Abstract The aim of the paper is to present a new chronological model of recolonisation of the area located north of the Sudetes and the Carpathians after Late Glacial Maximum (LGM). Until recently, it was believed that reoccupation of these areas occurred only due to the Magdalenian people. New chronometric data (radiocarbon and optoluminescence ones) coming from the Magdalenian and Epigravettian sites together with the application of Bayesian modelling of new records allowed us to present another model. In the light of the new research, it seems that the groups classified as the Epigravettian and Magdalenian could have coexisted at the same time in the same areas. The new model states that it is possible to assume coexistence of these groups during the period of 2300 years between 16500 and 14200 years BP.


This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of algal fucoidan and probiotic Bacillus subtilison growth performance, blood metabolites and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. A total of 250 one-day-old Ross 360 male broiler chickens were randomly distributed into 5 treatments (6 replication pens/treatment) and reared for 42 d. The 5 dietary treatments were as follow: 1) a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control treatment); 2) a basal diet supplemented with antibiotic oxytetracycline; 3) a basal diet supplemented with the prebiotic fucoidan; 4) a basal diet supplemented with a probiotic product containing Bacillus subtilis spores; and 5) a basal diet supplemented with both the prebiotic and probiotic (served as a synbiotic). Birds received antibiotic and probiotic exhibited greater body weight gain (about 5.42% and 4.80%, respectively) than control treatment. The percentage of thigh and abdominal fat in birds fed probiotic diet were lower compared to the antibiotic treatment. The use of fucoidan and probiotic resulted lower (p < 0.05) serum concentration of triglyceride than those of antibiotic treatment. Supplementing of synbiotic increased villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Present study revealed that supplementing of probiotics with fucoidan could be advised as an effective synbiotic, instead of antibiotics, to improve the performance and health of broiler chickens.


Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is one of the most misfortune cover measurable in the structure business. It is evaluated that the production of OPC, discharges the enormous measure of Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) gas which makes the 65% of a global warming which leads to global weather imbalance. For the manufacture of one ton of OPC transmits roughly 0.8 ton of CO2 in the worldwide gases, along these lines the cement industry produces 7% of all (CO2 ) ecological contaminating gases. The properties of the mortar have been calculated according to Indian and ASTM standard requirements, specific gravity, compressive and split tensile strength. The ratio of "Na2SiO3 to NaoH" is 2.5, and the ratio of "alkaline solvent to binder" is equal to 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55 in the cases of binder components are calculated with each ratio like in this research we calculated with each fluid/binder ratio with different mix proportions 1:15, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3 in this research using only two materials fly ash then GGBS, using the different ratios of fly residue and GGBS with identical molarity and IS specified normal sand sieve sizes. Once prepared with the "alkaline liquid to binder" ratio, it creates higher strength to the geopolymer mortar. It can be inferred that the results in terms of intensity by ambient curing are strong relative to outdated mortar.


SPIDER is the prototype beam source of the ITER Heating Neutral Beam injector. A movable diagnostic calorimeter will be used as a direct mean to obtain the beam footprint in short-pulses, while a fixed beam-dump is installed for steady-state operation. For the comparison between experiment and numerical simulations of ion beam extraction, measuring the beam emittance is extremely useful, being the most complete characterization for a particle beam. We discuss in this paper two proposals for beam-emittance measurements in SPIDER: at high beam energies, a fixed electric-sweep scanner is proposed for integration in the water-cooled beam-dump; at relatively low beam energies, a movable emittance scanner is proposed for the installation on the movable diagnostic calorimeter. The synthetic signals of the scanner are calculated considering the multibeamlet setup. The constraints given by the integration in high heat load components and the thermal design are discussed. The fixed ESS can be used to reconstruct the beam divergence, even if it detects only a limited section of the beamlet emittance, if identical single-beamlet optics is assumed. The movable emittance scanner is easy to integrate in the present design, and allows a full characterization of the single beamlet optics.


The calibration hardware system of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) is designed to measure two quantities: a telescope's instrumental response function versus wavelength and atmospheric transmission. First of all, a "collimated beam projector," which projects monochromatic light, monitored with a NIST-traceable photodiode, through a mask and a collimating optic onto the telescope, is designed to measure the instrumental response function. This method does not suffer from stray light effects and the reflections/ghosting present when using a flat-field screen illumination, which has a systematic source of uncertainty from uncontrolled reflections. It allows for an independent measurement of the throughput of the telescope's optical train as well as each filter's transmission as a function of position on the primary mirror. Second, CALSPEC stars can be used as calibrated light sources to illuminate the atmosphere and measure its transmission. To produce spectrophotometry necessary to measure the atmosphere's transfer function, we use the telescope's imager with a Ronchi grating in place of a filter to configure it as a low resolution slitless spectrograph. In this paper, we describe this calibration strategy, focusing on results from this prototype system at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 0.9 meter telescope. We compare the instrumental throughput measurements to nominal values from the vendor. We describe measurements of the atmosphere made via CALSPEC standard stars during the same run.


A constitutive model for magnetostrictive composite materials (MCMs) that describes the relations among stress, strain, magnetic field, and magnetization Liu and Zheng (2005 Acta Mech. Sin. 21 278–85) is implemented for multiphysics simulation for analysis of non-periodic or non-uniform microstructure effects. The multiphysics models that capture designed and actual microstructural details are used for predicting the responses of magnetostrictive composite materials under various mechanical and magnetic loading conditions. The approach overcomes the limitation with strain gages in the investigation of magnetostrictive strain due to stress localization around magnetostrictive phases. Three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) is used to measure the displacements and strain in the composites under fluctuating magnetic fields. The specimens are prepared using epoxy and particulate magnetostrictive materials with the particles in the range of approximately 20 to 300 microns range. We examine the displacement and strain fields obtained and compare the results to those obtained from fiber Bragg grating (FBG) measurements. The coupling coefficients obtained from this method were in agreement with those measured using other techniques. The validated model allows us to predict the effect of curing, preload, microstructure alignment and particle shape on the magnetostrictive strains.


Objective To investigated the effects of Tongxinluo ultramicro-pulverization on nitric oxid(eNO) concentration in rat hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia. Methods The model of forebrain ischemia was made by 4-vessel occlusion for 10min. NO concentration was measured directly by an NO-selective electrode method. Saline and Tongxinluo ultramicro-pulverization was administered intraperitoneally 20 min before the on-set of ischemia. Results Tongxinluo ultramicro-pulverization did not affect the hippocampal blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), compared with the saline group. Tongxinluo ultramicro-pulverization sig-nificantly reduced the NO production during post-ischemic early reperfusion ( 0.01). Conclusion Ton-gxinluo ultramicro-pulverization has protective effect on hippocampal neurons against cerebral ischemia-reper-fusion injury may be by reducing the content of NO in hippocampus of rat.


Variable lift valve train of an internal combustion engine, the control shaft of the variable lift mechanism has rotated driven actuator is mounted on the engine block, the actuator having: an electric motor; reduction mechanism; provided on the control shaft and a transmission mechanism between the speed reduction mechanism; and the default mechanism. The upper case (59) of the actuator (60), the speed reduction mechanism accommodating portion (59a) and the default storage means (65) accommodating the reduction mechanism (63) of the default mechanism accommodation part (59c), and from both sides heat fragile portion (71) of the control shaft (54) is directly connected. It is possible to avoid heat damage to the fragile portions of the heat of the actuator has, and to improve the degree of freedom of the actuator mounting location.


To solve the outlier mining problems where the outliers are highly intermixed with normal data, a general Variance-based Outlier Mining Model (VOMM) is presented, in which the information of data is decomposed into normal and abnormal components according to their variances. With minimal loss of normal information in our model, outliers are viewed as the top k samples holding maximal abnormal information in a dataset. And then, the principal curve that is a smooth nonparametric one-dimensional curve passing through the "middle" of the dataset and that provides a good nonlinear summary of the data is introduced as an algorithm of our model. Being a general approach to outlier mining, our proposed VOMM is proved to be feasible by experiments carried out on abnormal returns detection in stock market. Additionally, the model is potentially applicable to many other domains such as credit cards, telecommunication, medicine and traffic etc.


In the context of market analysis about the relationships that can be observed between different stakeholders to meet the demands of society, it is perceived as a real possibility to observe the changes aimed at sustainable development in the search for new practices of currently unsustainable production and consumption. Thus, we assume the possibility of a new social context, with responsible actions and focused on this new perspective. Thus, the article aims to identify the relationship between Wal-Mart Brazil and local media for the realization of sustainable consumption in retail supermarkets in Recife-PE, from the brand Hiper Bompreco. With focus exploratory and qualitative approach to research conducted in the form of a case study considers sustainable consumption as a background of search, to recognition of relations between the actors selected. The discussions held and the findings are suggestive of the existence of responsible action on both actors, even as possible considering the game market, which can be evidenced from the power of influence of company and media on the individual-consumer, and other actors society.


The remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) GoldRush was designed to complete the mission of transporting passengers in AeroWorld at a lower cost per seat per thousand feet (CPSPK) than the competition, the HB-40. There were two major factors which were constant considerations in the design process. The cost of manufacturing was the most important. In light of this, the designs were kept as simple as possible while considering trade-offs in performance. For example, the wing was not tapered so that several ribs could be cut at one time. Also of major importance was the takeoff distance. In order to serve all the cities in AeroWorld it was necessary to maintain a takeoff distance requirement of 24 feet. The takeoff distance proved to be the number one force in driving the design process. The Astro 25 engine and 13 inch propellor, a large wing area, and the high lift Wortmann airfoil were all chosen in order to satisfy this objective.


ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between periodontal disease in pregnant women and under the neonate. A descriptive,transverse and correlational design was followed. The simple consisted of pregnant womwn 2o y 3o trimester of 18 to 30 years, comprising 117 pregnant women and 31 to 43 years of age, comprising 47 pregnant women from the Simon Bolivar health center. The data regarding periodontal disease was obtained directly from the pregnant woman and the weight of the neonate was obtained directly from the birth registration register. The following variables were recorded: periodontal dosease in pregnant women and low birth weight. To determine the relationship betwenn periodontal disease in pregnant women and low birth weight for which chi – square Test.
There werwn`t significative differences between these variables.


Characterizing infiltration in the non-enhancing tumor (NET) is clinically crucial as infiltration leads to progression, and a reduction in survival times. As voxel-wise biopsy of these regions is infeasible, a non-invasive MRI-based identification of infiltration would be a significant contribution. Diffusion MRI (dMRI), with its ability to model different levels of water restriction, as is caused by infiltration and edema, is well positioned to model the NET. This is achieved via multicomparment modeling (MCM) of the dMRI where infiltration, vasogenic edema and healthy tissue (with complex fibers) form the different compartments. Current MCM approaches are either not designed for NET or rely on advanced MRI scans currently not feasible in the clinic. The simplest ball-tensor models, including Hoy 2014 using multi-shell data and FERNET 2020 for single-shell data, consists of a free water compartment that models vasogenic edema and a tensor modeling underlying tissue. These single-tensor methods cannot model complex WM fibers. Our proposed model consists of two steps. First, two bundles are fit: an isotropic bundle with two balls that model isotropic free diffusivity and restricted diffusivity, and a bundle containing stick and zeppelin, corresponding to intra-cellular and extra-cellular diffusion of axons, respectively. Next, a fiber orientation distribution (FOD) is estimated from the fitted parameters. We applied our modeling to multi-shell data from eight patients with glioblastoma, and one patient with a metastatic brain tumor. Our method produces maps corresponding to free water (CSF), restricted diffusion, intra-cellular, and extra-cellular volume fractions. Preliminary results show that restricted diffusivity map of NET comprises 46% of vasogenic metastatic edema compare to 15% of infiltrated GBM edema. In conclusion, we demonstrate that our proposed model shows promise to characterize the NET region of various brain tumors, and distinguishing tumor types. These compartments will provide invaluable radiomic features that no other modality can capture.


ABSTRACT Individual, domestic and organized violence affects people from individual to family, community and country at large. The world is witnessing more than ever, a growing trend in violence. There is no spot on our planet that is immune from the scourge of human aggression. Few studies in our country have addressed violence and its outcomes. Since family is the unit that forms the basis of a community and beyond, most recent papers published in Ethiopia have focused on intimate partner violence while some have looked beyond household aggression. Though, the studies have all appropriately suggested recommendations, there is still need for further work focused particularly on the root causes of aggression at individual, group and community levels. There is an important need to address the effects of trauma and study the means and ways these have been attended to with traditionally accepted coping mechanisms. The advisability of launching programs aimed at different levels that might mitigate the sequel of violence and lay a foundation for conflict resolution is timely. Key words: Intimate Partner Violence, Gender based violence, Trauma, Refugee, Coping


We study the infrared behavior of the color-singlet quark form factor in perturbative QCD. We express the nonleading fourth-order contributions in terms of an infrared anomalous dimension, which characterizes the renormalization-group equation describing the long-distance behavior of the form factor. We discuss the important features of this function and comment on its behavior at high energy.


official CPI was created to serve as an escalator of incomes and has always been constructed primarily to serve that purpose. However, it has also been used as an inflation indicator, and for two decades now the Bank of Canada has built its inflation targeting policy around it. However the official CPI is poorly suited to its new role as an inflation indicator, and its continued use only increases the risk that Canada will fall victim to the same kind of housing bubble that only recently plunged the United States into its worst recession in the postwar era. This paper constructs a CPI based on a net purchases approach for the 2005 CPI basket. This index is similar to the CPIs now published by Australia, New Zealand and Finland, with the exception that real transaction prices for houses are used and there is no effort made to exclude the land price from the house price. This practice seems to come from extending SNA concepts relevant to measuring GDP to household accounts where they are inappropriate. The official CPI excluding mortgage interest, which can be considered a special case of this more restrictive form of the net purchase approach, gives empirically different results, even at the national level, and would be less sensitive to a bubble in house prices. Like the Finnish CPI, but unlike its Antipodean counterparts or the official Canadian series, property taxes and special charges are also excluded, as a tax on wealth that has no place in an inflation indicator.


It is inevitable that your staff will develop secrets and gossip, so you must be aware of how to manage it and when you should step away because of ramifications from knowing what was said.


Microquantitation of thrombosthenin by single radial immunodiffusion in conjunction with a specific immunohistochemical antibody staining technique has indicated an immunologic defect or absence of the surface-localized thrombosthenin (S-thrombosthenin) in platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenic patients. In addition, ADP- and ATP-induced changes of the surface of normal platelets could not be demonstrated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenic platelets.


The war in Kosovo has been dominating many news bulletins last year, and much has been said and written on the Kosovo issue. In these bulletins, law has been used and abused to defend political positions. The aim of this article is to shed light on one of these controversial issues, namely, whether the inhabitants of Kosovo are entitled to the right to self‐determination under international law; a right belonging to all peoples. The history as well as the content of this right is addressed, after which it is applied to Kosovo in particular. The analysis concludes that, notwithstanding the fact that the ethnic Albanians of Kosovo cannot be considered as a people, this right is indeed applicable to Kosovo. The scale of the human rights violations makes that the ethnic Albanians of the region are entitled to self‐determination in the form of political autonomy or ‐ if these gross violations persist ‐ even secession.


In t hi s article , major met hods of Hur st parameter estimation of self2similar net wo rk t raffic are int roduced and co mpared. Variance2time plot s met hod is st udied in particular detail ; bot h t heo retical analysis and experiment sug2 gest t hat estimatio n result s depend largely o n data blocks range selection. Po ssible causes of t his dependence are dis2 cussed , and an empirical fo rmula fo r data blocks range selection is p ropo sed , which increases estimation p recision. Keywords Hust parameter estimation , Variance2time plot s met hod , Data blocks range selection , Empirical formula


In order to explore the problems of the Chinese team in offensive and defensive capabilities,and promote the improvement of the level of basketball in our country,in this paper,the literature data method,video observation method,TOPSIS method are used,this paper discussed on the 27 th session of the Asian men's Basketball Championship defense index data for statistical analysis and TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation and compared the analysis of the overall offensive and defensive capabilities. The research results show that: the Chinese team belongs to the weaker team both in attack and defense perspective. Results: Chinese team should( 1)strengthen physical reserves to improve the team outside shooting,both inside and outside the line of cohesion coherence and offensive and defensive system conversion of fluency;( 2) improve the defensive player's ability in normative,economic effectiveness and reach the goal of "external and internal contact closely";( 3) perfect the male union club,strengthen the competitive state of players,as well as the collective honor sense and sense of mission.


This report summarizes the activities of the Active Sites Environmental Monitoring Program (ASEMP) from April 1991 through September 1991. The ASEMP was established in 1989 by Solid Waste Operations (SWO) and the Environmental Sciences Division, both of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to provide early detection and performance monitoring at active low-level (radioactive) waste (LLW) disposal sites in Solid Waste Storage Area (SWSA) 6 and transuranic (TRU) waste storage sites in SWSA 5 as required by chapters II and III of US Department of Energy Order 5820.2A. A new set of action levels was developed on the basis of a statistical analysis of background contamination. These new action levels have been used to evaluate results in this report. Results of ASEMP monitoring continue to demonstrate that no LLW (except [sup 3]H) is being leached from the storage vaults on the tumulus pads. Loading of vaults on Tumulus II, which began in early FY 1991, was >90% complete at the end of September 1991. Results of sampling of groundwater and surface waters is presented.


The paper analyzes the kinematics features and the relative muscle sEMG in the phase of drive technique in rowing for the Chinese excellent rowing athlete.The results show that 1. It costs the athlete 0.8 second to drive and it covers 70%of the time to drive to be vertical with the boat.2.The muscle activity sequence in drive are quadriceps femoris→rectus femoris→gastronomies→latissimus dorsi→biceps brachii→rectus abdominis.3.The muscle load percentage are biceps brachiiquadriceps femorislatissimus dorsirectus femorisgastrocnemiusrestus abdominis.aEMG results are latissimus dorsiquadriceps femorisgastronomiesbiceps brachiirectus femorisrectus abdominis.The study implies a bigger percentage in the former phase of drive.At the same time,latissimus dorsi, quadriceps femoris and biceps brachii play important roles in driving.Finally,the movements and muscles of the rowing racer are in coordination except for a slight open of his trunk.


Could advances in diagnostics and digital technologies help to make patients equal partners in their care? Where does that leave doctors' role? Jacqui Wise reports


Investigation of joint patterns is one of many ways to detect soft tissue pathology. Functional blockage of the joint is a common clinical term that expresses one of the most common functional disorders in the musculoskeletal system. In this paper, we focus on HD SEMG signal processing with artificially induced joint blockage using reflective heel pad. Four bipolar electrodes were placed on the muscle vastus medialis and six on the muscle rectus femoris. One proband (male, 46 years) sat on the chair with the knee joint fixed at 70 ∘ flexion and hip at 120 ∘ between the pelvis and the femur, which corresponds to a relaxed sitting position. HD SEMG signals were recorded during three isometric maximum voluntary contractions of the knee extensors. The first data set of three contractions was measured without heel pad and the second and third data set with using pronation and supination heel pad respectively. Results show that stabilization of the knee is eliminated by fixing the leg in the chair and the muscle vastus medialis has only extension function without using heel pad. Thus, the contraction begins with activation of the muscle rectus femoris, which only has an extension function and then the muscle vastus medialis is added to the contraction. If we use the heel pad, the muscle vastus medialis stabilizes the knee and the contraction begins simultaneously with the musle rectus femoris.


Properties and models of the human visual system (HVS) are the fundaments for most of sufficient objective image or video quality metrics. Among HVS properties, visual masking is a sensitive issue. Many models exist in literature. Simplest models can only predict visibility threshold for very simple cue while for natural images one should consider more complex approaches such as semi-local masking. Our previous work has shown the positive impact of incorporating semi-local masking in image quality metric according to one subjective study. It is important to consolidate this work with different subjective experiments. In this paper, different visual masking models, including contrast masking and semi-local masking, are evaluated according to three subjective studies. These subjective experiments were conducted with different protocols, different types of display devices, different contents and different populations.


The structure of steady, radiative, one-dimensional shock waves in partially ionized gas with a transverse magnetic field B/sub 0/ is investigated. Under a broad range of conditions applicable to the interstellar medium it is found that such shocks may be preceded by a magnetic precursor which heats and compresses the medium ahead of the front where the neutral gas undergoes a discontinuous change of state; indeed, if B/sub 0/ is sufficiently large, a shock can exist with no discontinuities in hydrodynamical variables. Within this magnetic precursor both ions and electrons stream through the neutral fluid with velocities which may be a significant fraction of the shock speed. The physical processes operative in such shocks are examined, including the effects of charged dust grains in dense molecular clouds. Numerical examples are shown for v/sub s/ = 10 km s/sup -1/ shocks propagating into diffuse H I or H/sub 2/. Shocks with magnetic precursors may have important consequences for the interstellar medium, some of which are briefly considered.


We present a study of MSX point sources in the Galactic bulge (|l| 3x10^{-7} Msun/yr. The corresponding integrated mass-loss rate per unit stellar mass is 0.48x10^{-11} yr^{-1}. Apart from this, the various MIR and NIR CC and CM diagrams are discussed in the paper to study the nature of the stellar population in the MSX bulge fields.


This study aims to development of basic facts educative game of number (1-10) in group B in children that are valid and practical by used combination of Ronwtree development models and Tessmer evaluations. The Rowntree development model consistsed of three stages, namely the analysis, development, and evaluation stages. The evaluation used is Tessmer formative evaluation, consis stages of self evaluation, expert review, one-to-one evaluation, small group evaluation. The expert review results obtained an average percentage of the assessment results from educational tools on the basic facts of adding numbers (1-10) by media and material experts. The obtained percentage 93% with very valid categories which included content validity and constructs. The mean, the basic fact game tool corresponds to the material about the basic facts of addition, for example for the basic facts of numbers 10 is 1 + 9, 2 + 8, 3 + 7 and so on in other words the basic fact of addition 10 is the sum of 10 results. The results of the one-to-one and small group evaluation stages were obtained percentage of 94,5% with a very practical category, that is mean the basic fact game tools were in accordance with the requirements: easy to use, interested, and meaningful for children. However, the basic fact game tool still experiences a deficiency of 7% because the colors used in the game device must contrast with the color numbers so that the numbers are more clearly visible,while practically still found deficiency of 5,5% because the game equipment material used is 5 ml plywood which is felt very hard for the child For this reason, it is recommended that the next researcher use the plywood 3 ml and increase the size of the number card from 5 cm x 3.5 cm before.


Illustrated account of the "Home Front" during World War II, displaying the humour and tragedy felt by those who stayed behind. This scrapbook covers subjects such as the land girls, ration books, evacuation, the blitz bombing of the cities, the American forces and the Home Guard.


extremely small, having suffered gradual compression 'during the increase of the tumour. The tumour I sent to a pupil studying at King's ,ollege, and it was examined by Mr. Bowman of that Institution, who pronounced it to be a decidedly fungoid growth. In some portions the blood-vessels had,given way, constituting fungus hbematodes, and other parts presented the character of miedullary sarcoma. A section examined under the microscope presented a number of healtlhy nucleated cells, interspersed vith some that were diseased; the latter were larger than the former, and contained within them smaller cells. In the substance of the tumour numerous fibrous bands .might be discerned with the naked eye. The tumour was highly organized, and very vascular. Mr. Bowman thought the case extremely interesting from the unusual size of the tumour, the slowness of its growth, *(ten years,) and the absence of any disturbance in the functions of the brain. This last circumstance is perhaps the chief peculiarity connected with this case, and when we think that for a considerable time, nearly the whole of the left hemisphere of the brain was -obliterated, and occupied by a malignant tumour, 'vithout interfering with the operations of the mind, 4he fact seems explicable only on the views of Foville and Wigan,-that the two hemispheres constitute two distinct brains, (connected, it is true,) but each, individually, capable of carrying on the various mental -operations independently of the other, just as we see in the eyes, ears, &c. In addition to the analogies presented by the special -senses in support of the theory of the duality of the mind, numerous facts, bitherto inexplicable in health, 'but mnore especially in disease, point to this source for an explanation. The phenomena of insanity, which lave occupied the thoughts of the profoundest minds, -and are still involved in mystery, afford many instances -corroborative of Dr. Wigan's views. He considers 'each brain as a perfect whole, in thought, sentiment, and volition ; and also, that when one of them is *destroyed, the other can perfor#all the functions of the mind. Each brain carries on its own processes independently, and, like the two strings of a piano-forte, producing only one note. In bothcases, it is only when they are out of harmony that the fact is observed, that that which is apparently one is really an harmonious -combination of two distinct actions. A discrepancy in the action of the two brains,-a mixture of two trains of thought produces confusion, incoherence, and ultimately, when both brains become disordered, insanity. That two processes of thought seem con-stantly to be going on in the insane has been observed by miany persons conversant with them. The ready explanation of the phenomena of dreanms also seems naturally to suggest itself as illustrative of these viewsthat one brain may be in repose whilst the other is in a state of greater or less activity. With respect to the assertion that one brain is capable of carrying on all the mental operations, I may adduce an instaace from a pampblet of Dr. Wigan's, which he mentions as coming under his own observation:" When the disordered feelings, thoughts, reasoning ,Powers, sentiments, and volitions of one brain have, by their incessant obtrusion, overpowered the same -impulses, reasoning powers, and volitions of the other, -and thus produced insanity,-if the further progress of disease in the organ pass on to its utter destruction, the patient is imiimediately restored to reason; apoplesy in the disordered brain, for example, producing hemi. plegia, by liberating the healthy organ from the suggestions of the other, will in a few moments enable the patient to use tlhe sound brain as fully as if it bad never been in abeyance." Thje same writer also brings forward a very amusing poetical letter, written by the late Stewart Rose, long after he had entirelv lost one brain. I might adduce many facts wbich would support this theory, but I shotuld prefer referring you to Dr.Wigan's work; and I have no intention, neither am I prepared to enter into the discussion of this interesting question; indeed, it is far too complicated and extended, and I have only made this case the occasion of a few remarks on the subject in the hope that it may direct attention to this important branch of inquiry. I do not profess to be a convert to the theory that Dr. Wigan has advocated in his work on " The Duality of the Mind"; but as it affords a not unphilosophical explanation of many parts hitherto inexplicable, I think it demands from us at the least a calm and utnbiassed investigation.


On an infinite-dimensional phase space of vector-functions u {u'x), i the Poisson bracket of the functional J/(u, u ...)dx ...)dx the The basic of Hamiltonian of (2)


Aiming at die early failure,such as severe thermal wear,thermal fatigue and collapse etc,the warm extrusion process of a shell part was simulated using Deform finite element software.The results show that the die temperature field distribution is nonuniform under different extrusion temperature,the load of die,effective stress and hardness of die sharply decreases with temperature increasing,respectively,while wear coefficient increases with extrusion temperature increasing,so the extrusion temperature should be controlled at 700~800 ℃.


In this study, the authors propose transparent conductive oxide layer as a new absorber for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask. The optical constant of indium tin oxide (ITO) at 13.5nm is calculated and the extinction coefficient of ITO is found to be 1.55 times higher than that of TaN, resulting in higher absorption in the absorbing stack. Using an ITO layer in the absorber stack enables to design the attenuated phase-shift masks with smaller height difference of only 32.1nm than the conventional TaN absorber stack of about 80nm between high reflecting and absorbing stacks in extreme ultraviolet lithography, indicating that the geometric shadow effect can be significantly reduced.


Abstract In this research, Authors participated in a research project about "Development of Intelligent Power Wheelchair Assisting the frail elderly parson on Daily Life". Recently, the number of elderly people increases, and the development of welfare apparatus having the effect of minimizing care is required. Authors develop Intelligent Power Wheelchair along with minimizing care needs for frail elderly people. This wheelchair consists of commercial sensors and a commercial wheelchair. With data observed by these sensors, the movement of the person is analyzed. In the welfare engineering, to provide the most suitable service, it is important a system understands the human's intention. It is thought that this wheelchair is usable as the teaching materials to develop that algorithm.


Molybdenum, in many cases, is chosen as a substrate of cesium telluride thin film photocathode for a radio frequency electron gun (RF-Gun), which shows high performance. Therefore, in this study, we chose molybdenum as a substrate for cesium telluride thin film. The dependence of quantum efficiency on the kinds of metals for substrate has not been measured entirely and not been well understood. In this report, showing the result of measurements, we report on the dependence of the quantum efficiency on substrate for the cesium telluride thin film photocathode. In addition to molybdenum, we use tungsten and copper for substrate. We also report on the dependence of the quantum efficiency on the average surface roughness of substrate for cesium telluride thin film when using tungsten and copper as well as molybdenum for the substrate. The rate in the measurement of the dependence of quantum efficiency on the kinds of metals for substrate to incident light wavelength 250 nm was 20% on molybdenum, on tungsten 8.6% and on copper 4.8%, when the tellurium thickness is 10 nm. In the measurement of the dependence of quantum efficiency on the average surface roughness Ra of the substrates, the rate a sample on a substrate of which Ra is less than 0.1 μm shows was 20%, on a substrate of which Ra is 50 μm was 15%. Thus, the quantum efficiency of cesium telluride thin film photocathode depends on the kind of metals for the substrate, and also on the roughness of the surface of substrates.


We were very pleased to read the recent report by Hard and Snowden (7) describing the origins of a phenomenon which we have observed in the past but were not able to interpret: the presence of hyaline droplets in kidney proximal tubules of rodents with histiocytic sarcoma. Hard and Snowden (7) were able to show that these droplets contained lysozyme, a secretion product of the tumor. We have observed this strong association between kidney tubule hyaline droplets and histiocytic sarcoma in female mice of all strains so far investigated (in brackets number of cases with hyaline droplets/ number of histiocytic sarcoma cases investigated): CBA/Ca [21/22], C5 7BL/6 [ 10/ 11 ], BALB/c/A [ 1 / 1 ], T x HT/F [20/21], and outbred NMRI/Nhg [17/21]. (Details of T x HT/Fl mice are given in the literature (11)). The extent of droplet formation varied considerably from case to case. The kidneys often appeared macroscopically pale. Electron microscopic investigations showed round bodies resembling lysosomes with a medium-dense homogeneous appearance and a faint clear halo. We wonder why the phenomenon has not been described in the past. One explanation might be given by our own experience. We observed the phenomenon for the first time when we changed our staining routine from H&E staining by hand with an aqueous solution of eosin, to automatic staining with a &dquo;Tissue Tec&dquo; apparatus (Vogel Medizinische Technik und Elektronik, D-6300 Giessen, Germany) which uses an alcoholic-based eosin (full protocol not available). We have since tried staining by hand with aqueous and alcoholic solutions of eosin Y (aqueous 0.1 %, alcoholic 1 % in alcohol, diluted 1:1 with 70% alcohol, 1 drop of acetic acid into the staining box in both cases). The droplets were barely distinguishable from the surrounding cytoplasm after aqueous staining but were easily detectable after alcoholic staining, even when their number was low. Textbooks ofhistological techniques suggest using aqueous or alcoholic solutions without further explanation (e.g., aqueous solutions by Adam and Czihak 1964 (1), Conn et al 1965 (3), Lillie 1965 (9), Romeis 1968 (12), Culling 1974 (4), Bancroft and Stevens 1977 (2), alcoholic solutions by Ehrlich et al 1903 (5), McManus and Mowry 1964 (10), Sanders et al 1972 (13), and Humason 1979 (8)). It is interesting to note that Fischer (1875) (6) who first introduced the eosin stain, explicitly recommended the alcoholic solution as did Ehrlich's encyclopedia (5). This experience shows that basic conditions of well-known routine staining method can considerably influence the threshold of detection of degenerative lesions.


The aim of this study is to determine the portfolio performance in each economic sector based on return and risk of portfolio credit at 3 Sentra Kredit Menengah (SKM) under BNI WJS supervision and to find out the optimal combination or composition of the loan portfolio that provides the greatest return and the lowest risk. In this study using the Markowitz model to produce an optimal portfolio combination. The results showed recommendations of portfolio for the Jakarta Senayan Jakarta Regional especially for SKM, it was suggested to management to expansion in sectors or business with their competencies. To plan the optimal composition of the loan portfolio for credit expansion plan, the alternative of optimum portfolio from the results of this study can be used as a reference.
Keywords: loan portfolio, markowitz model, Sentra Kredit Menengah (SKM) , return, risk credit


Salamon Marta, Aspectos Uxico-semdnticos de los verbos prestados del ingles (Lexical and semantic aspects of the verbs borrowed from English). Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, Adam Mickie wicz University Press, Poznan, vol. XXXI: 2004, pp. 443-449. ISBN 83-232-1353-4, ISSN 0137-2475. The purpose of the present article is to analyse the most important lexical and semantic aspects of the verbs borrowed from English that appear in the contemporary Spanish. The main emphasis is put on the morphological adaptation of the words of English origin and its influence on their semantic transparency. Furthermore, the article presents a diffusion of these loanwords into different registers of Spanish, paying special attention to their role in the technical vocabulary, as well as their usage in the jargon of Spanish teenagers.


A superconducting hot-electron bolometer has been built and tested as a prototype of high-sensitivity, rapid-response detectors of submillimeter-wavelength radiation. There are diverse potential applications for such detectors, a few examples being submillimeter spectroscopy for scientific research; detection of leaking gases; detection of explosive, chemical, and biological weapons; and medical imaging. This detector is a superconducting-transition- edge device. Like other such devices, it includes a superconducting bridge that has a low heat capacity and is maintained at a critical temperature (T(sub c)) at the lower end of its superconducting-transition temperature range. Incident photons cause transient increases in electron temperature through the superconducting-transition range, thereby yielding measurable increases in electrical resistance. In this case, T(sub c) = 6 K, which is approximately the upper limit of the operating-temperature range of silicon-based bolometers heretofore used routinely in many laboratories. However, whereas the response speed of a typical silicon- based laboratory bolometer is characterized by a frequency of the order of a kilohertz, the response speed of the present device is much higher characterized by a frequency of the order of 100 MHz. For this or any bolometer, a useful figure of merit that one seeks to minimize is (NEP)(tau exp 1/2), where NEP denotes the noise-equivalent power (NEP) and the response time. This figure of merit depends primarily on the heat capacity and, for a given heat capacity, is approximately invariant. As a consequence of this approximate invariance, in designing a device having a given heat capacity to be more sensitive (to have lower NEP), one must accept longer response time (slower response) or, conversely, in designing it to respond faster, one must accept lower sensitivity. Hence, further, in order to increase both the speed of response and the sensitivity, one must make the device very small in order to make its heat capacity very small; this is the approach followed in developing the present device.