Since the onset of springtime ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere, the question has arisen as to the extent to which transport of ozone hole material out into the surrounding regions might influence ozone levels at midlatitudes through a so-called ozone hole dilution effect. One such event was previously identified which followed the vortex breakup during early December 1987, but the extent to which it was attributable to the presence of an Antarctic ozone deficit, rather than being the result of ozone transports which would have occurred anyway in the absence of an ozone hole, was not quantified at the time. Here we describe the results of a more detailed study of the December 1987 event, in which we have addressed this issue. A quasi-conservative coordinate transformation technique is used on ozone data from the second stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment (SAGE II) to obtain a three-dimensional description of the hemispheric ozone distribution immediately prior to the event. A contour advection technique is used to describe the stratospheric material evolution during the period, and this provides a detailed depiction of the quasi-horizontal ozone transports which occurred at the time. The calculated dynamically induced total ozone changes during the period are then separated into contributions arising from "vertical" and "horizontal" advection. The potential vorticity tendency form of the quasi-geostrophic omega equation is solved to provide insight into the horizontal scales and vertical domain of the dynamical "forcing" primarily responsible for the vertical advection component. Finally, by imposing a "no ozone hole" ozone distribution during the period, and comparing the resulting ozone distribution with that obtained with the unmodified reconstruction, we then isolate a significant component of the observed midlatitude total ozone changes which was attributable solely to the presence of Antarctic ozone depletion.


The aim of this paper is to derive a large deviation principle for a certain class of higher order operators by combining the ideas of Donsker and Varadhan with the random evolution point of view of Griego and Hersh


A new fossil plicatulid, Plicatula hunterae, is described, figured, and illustrated. This new species is erected on the foundations of five taxonomic characters, length, width, thickness, length/width/thickness ratios, and plication counts, measured from a suite of 61 specimens.


Fluid logic devices are likely to replace electrical relays and mechanical devices in slow speed systems such as cash registers, accounting machines, paper tape equipment, plant controllers and machine tool controllers. They are likely to be cheap because they can be mass produced from inexpensive materials by automatic equipment. Their small size, simplicity and ruggedness make them suitable for many industrial and military environments


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the comparative effect of input flooding and input enhancement on EFL learners' writing complexity and accuracy. The participants were 60 intermediate EFL learners selected from among 90 via administering a Preliminary English Test. The selected participants were randomly assigned into two experimental groups each containing 30 students. In order to make sure that the participants were not significantly different in terms of writing complexity and accuracy, the participants' performance of the free writing section of PET were analyzed based on the writing complexity and accuracy measurements and used as their pretest. In the first experimental group, the participants received input flooding, whereas the participants in the second experimental group received input enhancement of the materials. At the end of the treatment, the free writing section of another PET was administered to both groups and the writing complexity and accuracy were compared through two separate Independent Samples t-tests. The results revealed that input enhancement had a more significant effect on both EFL learners' writing complexity and accuracy than input flooding. Based on the findings of the current study, EFL teachers may employ input enhancement to enhance EFL learners' writing complexity and accuracy.


Developments in automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) systems have opened up opportunities for cost-effective enforcement applications. Hitherto, ANPR applications have been based on high-powered PCs working on video feeds from full size cameras. Mobile ANPR has tended to be limited to specialised applications such as equipping police vehicles to assist their search for stolen vehicles. For mobile applications, miniaturised cameras are attached to ruggedised processors within the vehicle. Additionally there has been considerable debate about the relative merits of infra-red sensitive and colour-sensitive cameras for particular applications. For mobile applications, size matters, for both camera and processor. Recent camera system developments, requirements for enforcement and pressure on the budgets to pay for enforcement have all combined to provide incentives for innovators like NCP and its suppliers to create new tools and processes for enforcement. This paper discusses trials conducted by NCP using mobile ANPR systems to assist in its on-street enforcement activities.


. ̶ The alpheid shrimp Salmoneus tafaongae Banner & Banner, 1966 was described based on a fragmentary holotype from Samoa, which was subsequently lost in the devastating fire of the Hawaii Marine Laboratory in 1961. The species is here fully redescribed based on new material from French Polynesia, Australia (Great Barrier Reef) and Solomon Islands, and compared to closely related


We discover a complex behavior when switching three different synchronization states in two coupled chaotic circuits related to intermittency. Two methods to model this interesting complex behavior...


Numerical flow analysis in turbomachinery is an indispensable tool for water turbines design. Following the design of axial runner, the energetic and cavitation characteristics can be predicted using the numerical method. In this paper it is described how the multiobjective genetic algorithm aids the human decision of the best design solution, based on objective functions obtained by numerical flow analysis. Theoretical and empirical knowledge of the design procedure enables to start the optimization procedure with good initial geometry. A very effective procedure for developing water turbines has been provided merging design procedure, numerical flow analysis and multiobjective genetic algorithm.


The traditional modeling approach in engineering is mathematical, but thanks to the advances in computer technology it is now possible for the practical engineer to model physical systems in a more "user friendly" way. This paper will demonstrate the power and simplicity of Bond Graphs in modelling technique. Bond Graph modelling was original developed in the late 1950s by the late Professor Henry M. Paynter of MIT. Professor Paynter acted well before his time as the main advantage of his creation, other than the modeling insight that it provides and the ability of effectively dealing with mechatronics, came into fruition only with the recent advent of modern computer technology and the tools derived as a result of it, including symbolic manipulation, MATLAB and SIMULINK and the simulation package 20sim, see:  www.20sim.com , which allows direct input of the Bond Graph.


The objective of this research consists of the design, construction and automation of the electrospinning mechatronic system to obtain nanofibers. As a first stage, the structure of the electrospinning mechatronic system and the distribution, injection and manifold system were designed and built. In the second stage, the open-loop control system was outlined and implemented. It is made up of: control, isolation stage, and the plant. In the first element, the LabView interface and ATMega2560 microcontroller were used to manipulate the variables of the injection speed and distribution of the solution, the speed of the nanofiber collector and the height between the capillary tube and the collector, the magnitude of the temperature and humidity from the environment, also, the graphic interface was developed, the second element consists of isolating the control and power stage in addition to amplifying the command signals and enabling the correction elements, the third element receiving the signals from the power stage to perform the action and produce a change in the controlled variables in the process. With this prototype, it is intended to obtain nanofibers from different polymer solutions for use in the area of catalysis and biomaterials.


Investigations on the intrinsic properties of gas hydrates with multiple guests are essential to scientific and technological fields. In particular, even though evaluating and designing a hydrate phase process require isothermal phase equilibria, it is difficult to obtain extensive data with various components and compositions in a short period of time due to the static-analytic method. The present study introduces a new experimental determination on hydrate phase equilibria using continuous dissociation induced by extremely slow vapor volume expansion at a constant temperature. When a syringe pump is automatically operated at the microliter level during the dissociation process, the endothermic dissociation can be traced from the temperature readings. The validity and stability of the proposed technique were evaluated using pure CH4 hydrates, and repeated measurements of three-phase (LW–H–V) equilibrium conditions are used to optimize the volumetric expansion rates. Then, an experimental approach is appl...


We consider the influence of variation in the fine structure constant {alpha} on a promising experiment proposed by DeMille et al. to search for variation in the electron-to-proton mass ratio {mu} using diatomic molecules [DeMille et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 043202 (2008)]. The proposed experiment involves spectroscopically probing the splitting between two nearly degenerate vibrational levels supported by different electronic potentials. Here we demonstrate that this splitting may be equally or more sensitive to variation in {alpha} as to variation in {mu}. For the anticipated experimental precision, this implies that the {alpha} variation may not be negligible, as previously assumed, and further suggests that the method could serve as a competitive means to search for {alpha} variation as well.


The continuing intervention by courts and legislatures in the decisions traditionally reserved to psychiatry is generally perceived by mental health professionals as a threat to their practice. As jurists insist upon supervising therapists' decisions to medicate, I to hospitalize patients,2 and, indeed, to discharge them, clinicians, as might reasonably be expected, retreat into a "siege mentality"4 as their expertise is called into question: Commentators remark that "legal developments ... presage a depressing future for psychiatry";5 and the law is portrayed as hindering effective patient care, rather than as protecting the rights of the neglected and underprivileged. In view of the uncomfortable liaison between law and psychiatry, it would seem odd indeed were practitioners to be assisting the efforts of those whom they see as the intruders while, at the same time, complaining of that intrusion. Yet this very phenomenon may be occurring. Ironically, clinicians are unwittingly encouraging the expansion of legal influence by adopting legal rhetoric in the treatment setting. Legal rhetoric appears more frequently in the daily dialogue between therapists and the severely disturbed patient. In that dialogue, it promotes antagonism between the treatment team and the patient and among members of the team themselves. The psychiatric community believes that the lawyers have introduced this antagonism. Yet therapists' own use of legal rhetoric in the context of psychiatric treatment may, paradoxically, lead to advocacy of the advocates and away from the invaluable task of further developing psychiatric expertise and defining more closely the parameters of decent care for the severely disturbed.


Persian spirituality exerted a profound influence on the religious culture of Kashmir. The local Hindu Shaivite monism that went back to the ninth century was propagated by the Rishi ascetics. This paper aims to examine the influence of Sufism on the popular Islamic culture in Kashmir, in particular the role of the fourteenth-century figure of Nund Rishi or Shaykh Nūruddīn. The findings will be based on the qualitative analysis of the historical sources pertaining to the period concerned, with a focus on the Sanskrit epic of Rajatarangini and the poetry of Nund Rishi which explicitly refers to famous Persian mystics. This study has valid implications for the research on the causes of the socio-cultural transformation of Kashmir that were not only initiated but also taken to its completion and fruition by the local Rishi order.


Currently we are in the era of the internet. We can express our thoughts through social media i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc. Now we are in the most challenging stage of this century as well as the rest of the world due to COVID-19 pandemic and the after effects of the virus infection. Some of the survivors are experiencing trauma and other mental health issues. To determine the mental health condition of someone, we performed sentiment analysis on their social media posts. This paper focuses mainly on sentiment analysis of twitter data written in Bengali language and tries to find out whether the user is mentally depressed or not. The expressions of those users are either negative or positive, sometimes neutral. Using different contemporary Machine learning algorithms like Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines (SVM), we can determine the mental health condition of any user. We also built a model by applying the Random Forest classifier on social media posts and examined them whether they were in a mental condition or not.


This paper will study a three-player game with infinite periods where each player decides whether to league together to increase his winning rate. We discuss which one will be chosen to be the member of leagues. The results show that Hezong and Lianheng both exist in mixed strategy Nash equilibriums of simultaneous move game. It is possible that the fall of Jin and the Battle of Red Cliffs in Chinese history were just coincident or random events. Furthermore the players usually have a tendency to be in league with the strongest.


AIM: To investigate the characteristics and significance of the effect of tooth occlusal surface wear on the long axis of the mandibular first molar tooth. METHODS: Three groups of mandibular first molar tooth were selected from 3418 collections in our department. Group I: including 18 teeth without obvious attrition, representing those of young age. Group Ⅱ: including 26 teeth with serious attrition, representing the aged ones. Group Ⅲ: including 18 teeth with deep carries on their occlusal surface, representing the weak functioning ones. Only those with two roots were included to make the measurement comparatively. Three-blind methods were taken through the study. RESULTS: It was found that the tooth crowns in Group II inclined more medially than those in Group I ( P 0.01). No difference was found between Group I and Ⅲ. CONCLUSION: In comparing with the non-wear tooth the long axis of the mandibular first molar tooth with serious wear of occlusal surface inclined even significantly implying that the effect of occlusion functional stimulation may be involved. [


Ground-based baseline observations of the potentially hazardous asteroid 2014 JO25 were made. The data were processed and the accuracy of the orbital elements of the asteroid was estimated on the basis of the obtained observations and the data from the Minor Planet Center. Also, the estimation of BVRI color indices of the asteroid was made.


The Fighter-Drone Teaming system architecture is required to meet the demands of hetero-system interoperation, multi-sourced command and control, and human-machine collaboration. Architectural attributes of robustness, security and developability are in great request as well. In this article, a model-based approach is adopted for the architecture tradeoff analysis of typical teaming system for air-to-ground attack. The teaming system development constrains and technical trends are analyzed, and architecture alternatives are designed, modeled and compared. Then a system architecture featured with flat communication, dynamic center, and adjustable roles and responsibilities is selected. In order to verify its applicability, a teaming system architecture model is built with the size of 2 fighters and 4 drones, then logical, spatial-temporal and interactive scenario simulations are conducted. The results show that the architecture can effectively realize manned-unmanned cooperative flight, detection and attack. With its concise function flow, moderate communication traffic and necessary fault tolerance, the architecture could be a preferred solution for the engineering development of teaming system.


Supersonic swirling natural gas separator is a revolutionary gas conditioning technology compared with traditional low-temperature separation.In supersonic swirling separator,while the gas stream passing through Laval nozzle,the gas stream forms supersonic low-temperature stream with small liquid droplets because of adiabatic expansion effect of nozzle.The gas mixture enters the wing section and turns into swirling flow from axial flow by the action of supersonic wing,and then gas and condensed liquid drops are separated in the drainage section.The supersonic wing is a key component of supersonic swirling separator.Deltaic plate supersonic wing was designed.By using CFD software,the supersonic swirling flow field was studied,and the distributions of the temperature,pressure,Mach number in the wing section and tangential velocity along longitudinal section were analyzed.Supersonic swirling characteristics of gas in the wing section were determined.The results show that the gas in the supersonic wing section can always maintain supersonic velocity.The Mach number in the wing section outlet is 1.4 and there is no shock wave before the wing section.The maximum swirling accleration is 572 000 g.The gas-liquid separation of supersonic gas can be realized well.


Electric motors have become an essential part of the most Mechatronics system. Long operating life, higher power density and high efficiency are the advantages that make the Brushless DC motors (BLDC) widely used in industrial mechatronics applications. Downtime, costly maintenance and energy wasted are damages resulting from faults. Fault Detection (FD) techniques could help at avoiding these damages, also, they could help at increasing system reliability and operational safety. The steady state accuracy is achieved using integral term as well-known from the classic control theory. So, this work presents robust design of unknown inputs (UI) propositional-integral (PI) observer to estimate the state of the system with UI and detect the existing fault. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed technique at detecting popular sensor faults in BLDC motor.


This invention is related to a keeking fresh agent for food and fabrication method. This keeping fresh agent is a mixture of bee glue, saccharose fatty acid ester and alcohol. The fabrication method is comprised of processes of heating extraction, mixing and filtering. After the foods are treated by keeping fresh agent, the moulds are controlled to protect against putridity and loss of moixture. The effect of keeping fresh is obvious, the time of keeping fresh is long, colour and lustre are normal, quality is good and the rare delicacy is avoided. Both it is used to soaking and to spraying.


In the past decade, or so, sustainability has become important for businesses. It is not just the preserve of the private sector anymore. Sustainability has been followed by organizations in all industrial sectors. This is not because it is a buzzword, but because it offers genuine competitive advantage to private organizations and green credentials to other. This is true especially to SMEs where, in the current economic climate, their survival relies on any advantage they get, no matter how small. In this chapter on sustainability, various definitions are offered. A discussion is undertaken on the consequences of not considering sustainability as part of strategy and/or operations in an SME. These are not just green, but extended to economic as well. It is proposed that sustainability be part of SME's strategy, with details of potential benefits. A discussion on the performance indicators for the implementation is shown. It is considered that an agent would be most appropriate to lead the implementation as s/he would be ideal in considering the stake holders requirements. In the chapter, regular questions enable the readers to link the issues in the paper to their organization of work or an organization they are familiar with. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3886-0.ch061


Flipped classroom instruction places the transfer of information outside of the class and focuses on the application of the information in the class. Applying flipped classroom instruction to engineering design courses is challenging because design is open-ended. Three approaches were tested for second year and fourth year students taught by the same instructor in six course offerings. All course offerings used case studies. Three offerings were taught using traditional methods such as blackboard notes or PowerPoint presentations. The other course offerings used flipped classroom instruction that applied assigned textbook readings or assigned, instructor-created YouTube videos. A statistical assessment of the final exam scores show that flipped classroom instruction using assigned textbook readings result has a negative impact on final exam performance. YouTube videos and case studies have positive impacts on final exam performance.


Taking construction of Junzhu tunnel project in Fuzhou Changle highway project 2nd period as an example,the paper instroduces the technical features of tunnel construction in complicated environment,construction techniques,medthods and organization,the point of construction control,notices,et al.,summarises the successful experience of the tunnel construction in such case,which will be a reference to similar tunnel project.


Early marriage was one of the population problems that occurred in many countries. Early marriage was carried out in their marriage before the age of 20 years for women and 25 years for men. In 2013, there were 38.28% were married all marriages recorded at KUA sumowono. Lanjan village was the village with the highest number of early marriages 19.14%. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of women of childbearing age couple with incident early marriage in the District Lanjan village Sumowono District Semarang District. This research is explanatory research with cross sectional study design. Population and sample in this study were women of childbearing age couples who perform marriages in the period of 2013 were 46 women with the incidence of early marriage which amounted to 20 people. Data were analyzed with univariate and bivariate with chi square test with Yates correction method with a significance level α = 5% The results showed that the analysis of the percentage of couples of reproductive age women the knowledge less well (86.9%), the attitude of women of reproductive age couples less well (84.7%). Result of chi square test with Yates correction method is no association with the incidence of pus woman knowledge of early marriage (p value = 0.894) and No association pussy female attitude to the events of early marriage (p value = 1.000). The advice given is known that early marriage because society pregnant outside of marriage can therefore be followed up by examining the driving factors that lead to early marriage.


Abstract In situ spores are described from several Carboniferous species of calamitalean fructifications, including the cone genera Calamostachys, Palaeostachya, Calamocarpon, Mazostachys, Weissistachys, and a Cingularia‐like form. In all homosporous forms, and the heterosporous cone Calamocarpon insignis, the spores are shown to bear three circinately coiled elaters. Information indicates that spores from the same cone are described under the dispersed spore genera Vestispora, Elaterites, or Calamospora depending upon whether the elaters are tightly coiled, loosely coiled, or are missing. The presence of an unornamented perispore on the megaspores of one heterosporous species is demonstrated, together with a discussion of the apparent widespread occurrence of a perisporial membrane in the majority of plants referable to the Arthrophytina.


The utility model relates to an excrement leakage device of a farm, in particular to a cement prefabricated excrement leakage board. The cement prefabricated excrement leakage board is integrally formed by a double-layer steel bar framework, anti-corrosive concrete and additives like an epoxy resin adhesive through pouring, and the specification of the excrement leakage board is 2400mm*600mm*90mm (picture 1). The width of the upper end of each leakage groove is 475mm*18mm, the width of the lower end of each leakage groove is 475mm*60mm, therefore, each leakage groove is in the shape of a big-end-down trapezoid funnel, 16 grooves are formed, and edges of the front of the excrement leakage board and edges of phase angles are designed to be arc edges with the radius of 5mm-8mm (picture 2). The novel cement prefabricated excrement leakage board is large in bearing capacity, free of damage to animals, convenient to flush, and saving in water.


A green communication scheme using anorthogonal wavefront (WF) multiplexing scheme spatially combined with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques is proposed. It forms a spatial WF OFDM transceiver. The WF multiplexing technique serves as the preprocessing and postprocessing method of the WF OFDM transceiver. With coordinated multiple point forward transmission, this spatial WF OFDM system establishes a communication network. It can be applied to multiple base stations (BSs) with down links to a single or multiple mobile units (MUs). Although signals received are non-coherently due to different distances between BSs and MUs, they can be compensated and coherently combined via adaptive equalizers at MUs. This is achieved by using pilot signals with an optimization method at the receiver of MUs. Simulation results demonstrate that the WF OFDM scheme obtains the same bit error rate (BER) as predicted by theory in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Moreover, the required effective equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) from BSs to the MUs is significantly reduced due to multiple non-coherent transmission. Accordingly, the interference to adjacent frequency bands' signals will be low. This green communication network is achieved via the combination of WF multiplexing, OFDM, and optimization at the receiver together. More investigations are needed to show that this WF OFDM transceiver can be applied to frequency selective mobile fading channels.


This book contains 10 state-of-the-art review articles, four in the area of hydraulics, two in wastewater and water quality modeling issues, and the rest in irrigation and water resources development and management aspects. The articles in the book have been written by alumni of the Indian Institute of Science ~IIS!, Bangalore, India, who are currently working at key scientific institution in India. The personal contributions of the authors in their field were quite obvious from the depth and breadth of reviews presented. The book is a part of the Golden Jubilee celebration of IIS and has been well edited and produced. The book contains a mixture of topics that provide insights into the kind of water-related issues that have been researched in India over the past 2 decades or so. Some articles are relatively short and quite specific ~e.g., ''Wastewater Renovation Using Soil-Aquifer Treatment System''!, while others are detailed and quite broad ~e.g., ''Water Resources and their Management for Sustainable Agricultural Production in India''!. The topics included are diverse and not targeted toward a specific interest group. However, they are of current interest to researchers in both developed and developing countries. Each article in the book begins with an abstract followed by a good ''introduction'' to the topic being reviewed. The authors then quickly discuss some basic concepts and issues related to the topic area, followed by a quite detailed and often excellent review of their work, as well as that of authors from other parts of the world. The reviews presented generally provide a fresh and comprehensive perspective on the topics covered in the book. At the end of each article, there is an extensive and up-to-date list of


Offshore backfilling plough are used for backfilling for laying pipelines in seabed trenches; fenders are the primarily consist of an offshore backfilling plough; Research on the virtual join forces of the fenders is essential for predicting the join forces of the backfilling plough during backfilling. In this work, uniflow Fluid-structure interaction is developed to investigate the Join Forces of fenders under different mechanical structure. To analysis of this resulting data, a new fenders structure was carried out.


Aromatic substitutions on 4-phenylisothiazole by nitric acid, halogens, chlorosulfonic acid and acetic anhydride take place under relatively mild conditions to give predominantly para and ortho substitution on the benzene ring. By contrast, the 3-isothiazolyl group has been shown to be meta directing. Several derivatives of 4-phenylisothiazole are described.


Abstract : The long-term goal is to characterize the internal tides in the Indonesian Seas and determine how they may vary seasonally and interannually as the thermocline structure changes. Our primary objective is to provide reliable estimates for the barotropic and baroclinic tides in the Indonesian Seas. We intend to determine: 1) specifically where in the Indonesian Seas baroclinic tides are generated and propagated, and, if time allows, 2) the effect of the seasonally and ENSO driven North Pacific versus South Pacific thermohaline structures on internal tide generation.


0.2 wt% of phenyl silicone(PSi)and 0.1 wt% of potassium diphenylsulfone sulfonate(KSS)were used to modify the flame retardancy of polycarbonate(PC).The obtained flame-retarded PC(PKFSi)specimens were analyzed by limiting oxygen index test(LOI),vertical burning,TGA analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GCMS)methods.The result showed at 1.6 mm the flame-retardancy passed UL94 V-0 rate with 39% of the LOI.The flame-retardance of PKFSi was superior to that of the PC just modified by 0.1wt% KSS(PKF)and a synergistic action between PSi and KSS was obvious.The temperature of 5% weight loss(T5%)of PKFSi was elevated by 13 ℃ than that of PKF,and the maximum weight loss rate was increased by about 5%.The results of Py-GCMS indicated that the combination of PSi and KSS changed the fracture pathway of the main chain of malar chain,reduced the scission degree of isopropylidene linkages and the degree of alcoholysis/hydrolysis of the carbonate linkages,and improved the thermal stability of malur chain.All these were benefit to the charring and the flame-retardancy of PC.


A laser beam applying mechanism has a power adjusting unit provided between a laser beam oscillator and a focusing lens. The power adjusting unit includes a half-wave plate, a prism having a first polarization beam splitter film and a second polarization beam splitter film. The optical path is adjusted by a piezoelectric actuator opposed to the first polarization beam splitter film, and a polarized light components synthesizer opposed to the second polarization beam splitter film generates a phase difference ([beta]) between an S polarized light component and a P polarized light component. The phase difference ([alpha+beta]) between the S polarized light component and the P polarized light component of the laser beam obtained by the polarized light components synthesizer is in the range of 0 DEG to 180 DEG .


In order to accurately predict the development trend of work safety status of China's coal industry,the unbiased grey-forecasting model was built to simulate the death rate of million tons of coal mines during 2005 and 2010.Compared with the result gotten by traditional gray GM(1,1) model,the results show that the unbiased gray model eliminates the inherent bias of the GM(1,1) model and the prediction accuracy is higher and the error is relatively low.The average absolute error is 0.030 6% and the average relative error is 2.71%,which are all lower than those by the traditional GM(1,1) model.The forecast data shows that the death rate of million tons in China's coal mines is gradually decreasing in recent years with being down to 0.536% in 2011 and 0.411% in 2012,respectively.The predictions satisfy the requirements of the Twelfth Five-Year Guideline for work safety of coal mine.


A method was developed for analyzing fenoxycarb by reverse phase HPLC using C8 chromatographic column with DAD detection. The mobile phase was MeOH and water (70:30, by vol). The results showed that the standard deviation for fenoxycarb was 0.004, the variation coefficient was 1.29%, and average recovery was 98.5%, and liner correlation was 0.999 3.


By isolated microspore culture technique from pakchoi(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis),9 regeneration plants including 2 haploids and 7 diploids were obtained.The spontaneously double rate of diploid was up to 77.7 %.Two haploids and 2 diploids were selected to construct their respective DNA pool.Combining Methylation-Sensitive Restriction Endonuclease-PCR method with SRAP marker technique,it gained 8 primer combinations showing polymorphism from 768 pairs of primers.It indicated that the ploidy level of regeneration plants from pakchoi may be related to DNA methylation in plant genomics.


The construction of socialism harmonious society and the realization of sound and quick economic development needs financial support.Tax revenue is the most important and standard way for a country to take part in national income allocation.It is also a stable way to collect fiscal revenue.Paying tax in accordance with law and moral standard is the components of the construction of socialism harmonious society.So,we should first,strengthen media work of tax law,enhance consciousness of every social members to pay tax in accordance with law and moral standard;second,improve and optimize service and establish harmonious relationship;and third,create a fair competition environment for tax collection.


According to Finnish Child Welfare Law, the authorities are obligated to report suspicions of child sexual abuse immediately to the police and to social services to ensure the well being of the child. The investigating police may request assistance for forensic interviews and medical assessments from specialized units. The child's disclosure is often the most important part of the evaluation. The timing of medical examination is crucial to obtain biological trace of evidence and to document evidence of acute injury or infection. The need for crisis support must be evaluated.


This paper studied the lower bound for the number of triangles having the same color in any 2-edge-colored complete graph,and found the exact number of such triangles by means of adjacency matrix.


This book is written as a textbook for the integration of a gender perspective in the education of economists. The authors are teachers and researchers in Feminist Organization Studies (FOSFOR) at Handelsho ̈gskolan in Stockholm. They present the theories and research that they perceive as the most important for a feminist/gender perspective on organization theory. The book presents a case (the Swedish organizationGlobal) illustrating the importance of understanding gender in organizations. This is followed by a presentation of the theoretical field of gender and organization. This structure is in my opinion a good choice. It illustrates the usefulness of a gendered analysis of organizations. The authors have chosen four main areas that they want to focus on. These are: structure, management, symbolism and change. The presentation of each of the four themes or perspectives is followed by an example in the case ofGlobal. The book concludes with a discussion of what we can learn about organizations by applying a gender perspective. Whereas we have many books presenting the field of organization and/or management for students, a comprehensive presentation of gender and organization for students has not been available. The book meets this need. The four themes or perspectives are well chosen. The authors present international research, but focus empirically on Swedish studies. The two theoretical perspectives on organization, structure and symbolism, are central in recent research on gender and organization, and the themes, management and change (equal opportunity efforts in this case), are also well chosen. Even though the book is practical, focusing on changes towards more equal opportunity, it does not make gender, organization and management simple issues, or present easy solutions. It is a credit to the authors that they have chosen to emphasize the complexity of the field and the usefulness of theoretical analysis using multiple perspectives. As a reader of the text, however, I miss a guiding problematic in the presentation of the theories and research within the different perspectives and themes: What are the questions that the studies presented wanted to answer? What can their theoretical concepts help explain? For the reader the text has a tendency to become "syllabus" and more boring than it would have been, if it had been presented more like a discovery or "excavation" of the mechanisms of the gendering of organizations. I would guess that a personal biography of the authors as researchers in gender and organization would have exhibited this structure. The "syllabus"-like character of the presentation where one researcher/study follows the other also leaves us without any understanding of how the different theories build upon each other, widen the scope or contradict each other. Rosabeth Moss Kanter's contribution is being picked up again after the chapter on structure, but this is an exception. I also miss the relationship between the international theories and research, and the 183 B oo k R ev ie w s N O R A no . 3 20 03 , V ol um e 11


Modeling plays a very important role in design and analysis of structures. Generally, the effect of soil is neglected in structural design and the superstructure is considered fixed base. This assumption is true only if the structure is located on rock/hard type soil. In the present study, a typical plan of building with 5 storey is considered and is assumed to be located on medium soil condition and seismic zone V. Linear and nonlinear modeling of the soil-foundation system is carried out along with the superstructure. The fixed and flexible base models are analyzed by using response spectrum analysis method. Non-linear static procedure i.e. static pushover analysis as per ASCE-41 is performed for all the models and their performances are compared. Further, the response reduction factor (R) of considered models is also evaluated. The results show the performance of flexible-base model, considering linear soil-foundation system is in agreement with the fixed base model. The response reduction factor (R) is significantly affected by the incorporation of foundation-flexibility. It can therefore be concluded that the type of soil and the foundation on which the structure is resting is very important for design purpose.


Muslim-Non-Muslim Marriage: Political and Cultural Contestations in Southeast Asia Preliminary pages INTRODUCTION 1. Muslim-non-Muslim Marriage, Rights and the State in Southeast Asia SECTION I: POLITICAL AND LEGAL CONTESTATIONS 2. Trapped between Legal Unification and Pluralism: The Indonesian Supreme Court's Decision on Interfaith Marriage 3. Private Lives, Public Contention: Muslim-non-Muslim Family Disputes in Malaysia 4. Legal Aspects of Muslim-non-Muslim Marriage in Indonesia 5. The Politico-Religious Contestion: Hardening of the Islamic Law on Muslim-non-Muslim Marriage in Indonesia SECTION II: LIVED REALITIES 6. "Not Muslim, not Minangkabau": Interreligious Marriage and its Cultural Impact in Minangkabau Society 7. Khao Khaek: Interfaith Marriage between Muslims and Buddhists in Southern Thailand 8. Interethnic Marriages and Conversion to Islam in Kota Bharu.


Discs harrows are the most commonly used tillage implements in Portugal. A review of available information shows that the forward speed effect in draught requirements of trailed disc harrows is not clear. This paper gives the results of field trials with trailed disc harrows, performed in the field in different soils. The results show that draught force tends to increase with forward speed and that this relationship is almost linear at speeds between 3 and 9 km h -1 .


The optical properties of ultra thin anodic silicon layers containing silicon nanocrystals were investigated by photoluminescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The films were grown by electrochemical dissolution of bulk crystalline silicon at the early stages of anodization using short monopulses of anodic currents ranging from the regime of porous silicon formation to the transition regime between porosification and electropolishing. The conditions for obtaining light emitting films and the origin of light emission will be discussed.


THE IDEAS OF PROGRESS AND OPTIMISM, which have been at the core of American value systems in various and complex ways for well over two-hundred years, seem to have leaped out at me as never before in my literature classes these last few years. One of the most immediate ways that I encounter these ideas (or values, really) is in discussions of fictional plots. Especially in "Introduction to Modern Fiction" (a general education course taken mostly by non-liberal-arts majors), I often notice a reluctance among students to approve of stories that do not have happy endings. Of course, it is nothing new that some readers want "happy" stories with superficial, pat endings and stereotyped characters; indeed, it has always been part of the task of the teacher of literature to "educate" some readers "out of' such expectations. But what I have been encountering, I now believe, is something different from the isolated anti-intellectualism of individuals; it is a very pervasive and typical attitude, peculiar in many ways to Americans, which must be dealt with as a social and cultural phenomenon if it is truly to be grappled with in the classroom. The myths (in a literary sense) of Progress and Optimism work in a very odd way in our contemporary culture, for Progress seems to be thought of as something that depends on Optimism. If we can only feel good about things (especially ourselves), good things will happen to us. Surely this is a peculiar twist to have given the more rational Enlightenment belief that Optimism is valid (in one sense) because of a prior recognition that Progress is possible.' That Optimism precedes and even somehow produces Progress has indeed become a widespread myth (a way of looking at reality and shaping one's actions thereby) and even a kind of magical talisman for many who feel utterly frustrated. For example, as painful as it is to hear coming from the man who shot and killed Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk in San Francisco about two years ago, I vividly recall this quotation attributed to Dan White in the Los Angeles Times (December 10, 1978): "Basically, I'm still a believer in the American dream


1.Introduction. I.THE RUNA. 2.Organizing Society: Land, Kin, and Ritual. Community Territory and Settlement Pattern. Kin Structure and Organization. Ritual among the Runa: The Marriage Ceremony. 3.Understanding the Self and Social Order. Becoming a Runa. Relationship between Runa and Forest Spirits. Ordering Life through Dreams. II.THE RUNA AND NATIONAL SOCIETY. 4.From Apu to Patron. The Rubber Boom. Eloy Alfaro and the "Liberal Revolution." Runa and Patrons. 5.Colonists, Land Reform, and Cattle: A Case Study. The Settlement of Arajuno. Agrarian Reform and Colonization. Cattle, Changing National Policies, Petroleum, and the Agrarian Reform Laws of 1974. 6.Ethnic Federations: from Moral to Political Economy. Dream Symbolism: Where Are the White People? From Patrons to Colonists. Ethnic Federations in the Ecuadorian Oriente. Agrarian Reform and Colonization. 7.Ethnic Federations and Government Policies. Rethinking Stereotypes. FOIN and Natural Forest Management. 1980-1984: The Jaime Roldos/Oswaldo Hurtado Administration. 1984-1988: President Leon Febres Cordero: "Closed Doors." Political Opposition, Community-Based Projects, and Increased Auto Linderacion. 8.Indigenous Politics and Conservation. Community Lands. Forest Management. The "Era of the Projects:" Napo Runa and Resource Management. 1988-1992: The Rodrigo Borja Era. 9.The Politics of Territories. Towards Parity. "Indio" as Ethnic Marker. Ethnic "Nationalism." Collective Action and Social Movements. 10.Change and Culture. "Boys Don't Need the Sacha Purina Pistu Any Longer. We Lead a New Life Now." Runa Understanding: Public and Private. Runa in the Forest. Runa World View Reconsidered. The "Modern" Wedding. Summary.


Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine Chinese generation Y consumers' fashion clothing involvement effects on specific brand related consumer responses including brand status, brand attitude and willingness to pay a premium for a specific brand.Design/methodology/approach – A self‐completion questionnaire survey was administered in China to university students aged between 18 and 25.Findings – A consumer's level of involvement was found to have positive effect on brand related responses such as perception of brand status and brand attitude. Further brand status and brand attitude were found to have positive impacts on consumer's willingness to pay a premium for a specific brand.Research limitations/implications – First, based on the student sample used for study it may not be possible to generalize the effects found to non‐students. Second, the findings from this study focusing on fashion clothing brands are perhaps limited in their generalisability to other product categories.Practical impl...


Objectives Body surface area (BSA) is an important parameter in clinical practice for children. To find out the most accurate BSA formula for Chinese children, nine formulas were compared. Methods This single-center study comprised children who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with anticancer agents in a specialized children's hospital in China from January 2017 to December 2020. The BSA values were calculated using the formulas from Boyd, Banerjee and Bhattacharya, Costeff, Fujimoto and Watanabe, Haycock, Gehan and George, Mosteller, Stevenson and a Pediatrics textbook. The arithmetic mean of formulas was calculated as the "gold standard" for comparison. Results A total of 666 children (389 males and 277 females) were included. All nine formulas showed a strong positive correlation with the "gold standard." Underestimation was observed with the Banerjee and Bhattacharya, Fujimoto and Watanabe formulas. The Gehan and George formula showed overestimation. Values estimated from the Haycock and Mosteller formulas were the closest to the mean BSA. Conclusion The Haycock and Mosteller formulas are the most recommended formulas for Chinese children with hematological malignancies.


Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as ipilimumab (ipi), nivolumab (nivo) and pembrolizumab (pembro) and the combination of ipi +nivo have improved response rates and survival in patients (pts) with advanced melanoma. Nivo was recently approved by the FDA as an adjuvant therapy. Responses may be durable, however associated immune-related adverse events may result in significant morbidity. Current treatment algorithms suggest that pts treated with ICIs who develop corticosteroid (CS)-refractory (CSrefr) irD/C are prescribed anti-TNF alpha antibodies such as infliximab (IFX). Little is known about the clinical features and outcomes of pts who receive IFX. Methods Pts with advanced melanoma from the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust who received CS and IFX were identified from an ethically approved irD/C database (pts treated with ICIs from 2011–2016) and their medical records were reviewed, including flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) results. Descriptive statistics and percentages were used to summarise the features of the CSrefr versus CS-responsive (CSresp) groups. Results Rates of all-grade irD/C by course of treatment were as follows: ipi 77/285 (27%), nivo or pembro 17/166 (10%), ipi +nivo 23/68 (34%). CS were prescribed in 72 (62%). 17 (15%) received IFX; 9 received 2 doses and 3 received 3 doses. 76% responded to IFX within a week; median time to improvement was 4 days (range 1–28). Table 1 outlines clinical information for the CSrefr and CSresp groups. Infection occurred in 10 episodes of IFX prescription (59%), 9 requiring antibiotics, including 2 cases of Pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia. Conclusions 35% of irD/C due to ipi +nivo is CS-refractory. In the CSrefr group, CS duration was longer, macroscopic colitis was more common and most pts developed an infection. Interestingly time to progression of disease was longer in the CSrefr group. Prospective clinical trials are warranted to evaluate whether early IFX may reduce the burden of CS in the management of irD/C without compromising disease control.Abstract PTU-005 Table 1 CS-refractory versus CS-responsive patients CSrefr (n= 17) CSresp (n= 54) N (range) % N (range) % Ipi 8 47 30 56 Nivo/pembro 1 6 9 16 Ipi+nivo 8 47 11 20 Days from start ICI to onset of irD/C 41 - 45 - Grade 1/2 1 6 14 26 Grade 3/4 16 94 40 74 Median days from start of D/C to CS (range) 5 - 5 - Days from start CS to IFX 14(1–100) - NA - Median duration CS - - Grade 1/2 160(160–160) - 49(6–295) - Grade 3/4 79(28–279) - 47(6–204) - Extra treatment 1(vedolizumab) 6 0 0 Macroscopic abnormality on FS 13/17 76 22/41 54 Microscopic abnormality only on FS 1/17 6 9/41 22 Normal FS 2/17 12 7/41 17 Unknown FS result 1/17 6 3/41 7 Disease progression 12 67 42 79 Median days to progressive disease 170 - 101 - NB: 1 patient who had CS but unknown status re IFX is not included


The authors consider mental illness to be explainable on a biochemical basis and therefore amenable to chemotherapeutic control by tranquilizers and antidepressants. For the most part, this book consists of a concise description of the pharmacology plus a brief discussion of the clinical uses and side-effects of each of the commonly used drugs of these types. There is no consideration of the dermatologic applications of these agents per se. The index does not mention neurodermatitis, neurotic excoriations, dermatitis factitia, or any other psychocutaneous entities. The dermatologist employing these agents, on the other hand, if he is interested in the basic actions of the drugs that he is administering, will find points to assist him in understanding the medications under consideration.


Multiangular remote sensing observation can provide more spatial structure information that make it possible to retrieve the 3 D structural parameters of vegetation. Currently, most of the inversion algorithms only use one single band in the field of multiangular remote sensing, the correlation between bands hasn't been used efficiently for green vegetation. From the reflectance spectrum characteristic of green vegetation, we found that the basic shape of the spectrum can be used as prior knowledge in the inversion of vegetation structure. As a framework in this paper, spectral parameters were regenerated in the band of red, green and near infrared, their difference and ratio are used as the spectral prior knowledge in inversion. Through detailed simulation and inversion, it is clear from the statistical analysis that this method is more stable to observe noise than the single band based method which uses the averaged structural parameters inverted using one single band each time. It is also found that the inversion results tend to be closer to the ground truth than the single band based method after employing this kind of spectral prior knowledge.


ZnO nanowires can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and we investigated energy conversion of ZnO nanowires grown on a silicon substrate. First, we numerically studied the output voltages of ZnO nanowires while varying diameters and lengths of ZnO nanowires. Second, we measured the currents of ZnO nanowires grown at low temperature using a solution method. The currents were measured using a Current Atomic Force Microscope (I-AFM). ZnO nanowires produced output current pulses when scanned by I-AFM in contact mode because of the piezoelectric effect of ZnO nanowires when the I-AFM tip applied a lateral force to ZnO nanowires.


Method and device for preventing excessive wear on gear that includes lubricating the contact point between wheel (1) of a gear (2) injecting lubricant at that point through pieces (3) housed in the notches (4) determine tooth spaces (5), through a system of channels with lateral opening provided in said parts (3). The width (a) and thickness (b) of the pieces (3) coincides with the width of the valley (4) the space between the surface of the crest (7) of the tooth (5) which engages and valley ( 4) in which it is housed. The pieces (3) have through holes (8) connected with longitudinal grooves (9) in one end converge into a recess (10) open laterally. To inject lubrication uses the same system that lubricates the rest of the gear.


scientific literacy in science learning. Building generations with strong scientific attitudes and understanding that can successfully communicate knowledge and research findings to the broader public is closely tied to scientific literacy. Students will be able to pursue higher education while still residing in a contemporary culture that is presently greatly influenced by advances in science and technology. This study's objective is to determine whether e-learning for primary school pupils using the moodle platform is feasible. The Borg & Gall Research & Development (R&D) model's eight development stages are utilized in this study. Using instrument validation sheets customized for each expert, the resulting product was then validated by media, content, and learning experts. The information about the viability of moodle-based e-learning in the form of notes from experts and the percentage of e-learning validity. Descriptive analysis was used to examine the viability of moodle-based online learning. The outcome of this development research is a moodle-based e-learning program designed for fifth-grade elementary school students that has received very favorable validity ratings from three experts: a media expert (93%), a material expert (97,14%), and a learning expert (94,54%). These findings demonstrate that the generated e-learning meets the extremely practicable standards and can be used with some minor material adjustments.

Keywords: E-Learning, Feasibility, Moodle, Scientific Literacy


The ideas of Deng Xiaoping policy and Marxist philosophy can be traced to the same origin. The philosophical thinking of the ideas of Deng Xiaoping policy refracts the spirit of the times when China is heading towards socialism with Chinese characteristics. Not only does it provide the scientific basis for the practice of social development in contemporary China, but also points out the direction for the development of China's reform and open policy in the twenty-first century. The philosophical thinking is mainly about his creative materialism ideas of "emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts", "developing is an unyielding principle", "rich former leads latter, eventually together" and "to wade across the stream by feeling the way".


Business is the largest undergraduate major in the US and probably in many other countries. Management education at business schools worldwide therefore has a crucial role in training future business leaders and to provide students with the skills needed to strive towards a more sustainable form of capitalism or to contribute towards a more sustainable world. However, an only recently published study by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching found most undergraduate programs at business schools in the US as "too narrow, failing to challenge students to question assumptions, think creatively, or understand the place of business in larger institutional contexts". The authors recommend the rethinking of the education at large by integrating more "liberal arts learning into the business curriculum" in order to "help students develop wise, ethically grounded professional judgment" that really makes a difference for the global well-being.    At the center of this paper was the following research question: Which are the driving but also hindering aspects for sustainable development coursework in higher education institutions in general and business schools in particular and what effect do they have? With help of a case study and loosely structured interviews, a round of E-mails to colleagues, and the analysis of course descriptions, the sustainable development 'issues' taught by the teachers and the elements included in the curriculums at the School for Business, Economics and Law at Gothenburg University is illustrated. In summary, the study demonstrates with two models, which include internal and external (driving and hindering) factors, that Sweden, compared to e.g. the US, seems to have an institutional and contextual advantage in the way business schools are part of society but also the way how many business teachers, already today, integrate liberal arts and humanities in the curriculums. A debate about the role of a business school and its evolution in order to achieve a sustainable world follows, illustrating the unique potential but also the major drawbacks of business schools as knowledge space for sustainability. Despite the many local victories, especially at the particular business school in Sweden , but also on other places around the world, the paper illustrates that there is still a long way to go and more work across disciplines and institutional boundaries is needed before we can talk about an entirely systematic and proper transformation towards teaching sustainable capitalism at business schools.


The results of a conservative analysis approach into the determination of shear joint strength capability for typical space-flight hardware as a function of the bolt-hole clearance specified in the design are presented. These joints are comprised of high-strength steel fasteners and abutments constructed of aluminum alloys familiar to the aerospace industry. A general analytical expression was first arrived at which relates bolt-hole clearance to the bolt shear load required to place all joint fasteners into a shear transferring position. Extension of this work allowed the analytical development of joint load capability as a function of the number of fasteners, shear strength of the bolt, bolt-hole clearance, and the desired factor of safety. Analysis results clearly indicate that a typical space-flight hardware joint can withstand significant loading when less than ideal bolt hole clearances are used in the design.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between regional institution and accounting quality.

Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates whether and to what extent the convergence to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) improves Chinese firms' accounting quality. It also examines the role regional institutions play in this process. The focus is on two aspects of accounting quality: the accrual aggressiveness and the timely loss recognition. Specifically, the study tests: whether the convergence to IFRS significantly lowers the accrual aggressiveness proxied by the magnitude of discretionary accruals (DA); whether the convergence to IFRS significantly enhances the timely loss recognition proxied by the likelihood of reporting large negative net income; and whether the effects of convergence to IFRS on accounting quality vary with the quality of regional institutions.

Findings
The findings show that convergence to IFRS generally was accompanied by increases in DA and decreases in timely loss recognition for Chinese firms. Further analysis on the development of regional institutions reveals that both changes in accrual aggressiveness and timely loss recognition are more pronounced for firms located in regions with a lower level of development in the legal environment.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the accounting literature in several ways. First, it extends the accounting literature regarding institutional factors by examining the association between regional institutions and accounting quality. Second, by adopting a within-country setting, the study avoids such problems of cross-country comparisons as confounding factors caused by country-specific accounting rules and regulations, differences in infrastructure and culture, and other potential endogeneity problems (Chan et al., 2010). Third, the attention paid to the European and US application of IFRS overshadows the application and effects of IFRS in emerging markets. By examining China, the world largest emerging economy in the process of economic transition, this study sheds light on the effect of convergence to IFRS on accounting quality for emerging or transitional economies.


A smart role of the leaf margin makes the lotus surface dry when a lotus leaf floats on the water's surface. It is mainly attributed to anisotropic topography composed of flat folds at the margin, which are quite different from the upper surface of the lotus leaf including the micro-papillae. The flat folds around the leaf margin forms a ring-band, which introduces a strong energy barrier against water that tends to return to the surface of leaf. As a result, the water underneath the lotus surface hardly overflows onto the upper surface by getting across the energy barrier of the margin. Thanks to the ultra narrowness of the margin, water on the upper surface can still be shed from the surface through the margin. This finding helps the understanding of the structure effect of the margin on many natural nonwetting surfaces of aqueous biology. It can inspire us to design a smart margin that can be applied to micro-devices on water.


We shall present a mathematical model of adoptive T cell therapy. Adoptive T cell therapy is a cancer treatment that boosts the immune defence system to attack cancer cells and kill them. We present four mathematical models for the four phases of the treatment. The lymphodepleting phase, the pre REP and REP phases, where the patients TILs (tumor infiltrating lymphocytes) are expanded and the last phase of injecting the expanded and activated TILs back into the patient. For the mathematical model of this last phase we prove that it is bistable, which goes to show that the treatment benefits the patient.


Brasic and Perry1 convincingly describe a boy with unilateral otopathic auditory hallucinations. However, their literature review is very misleading, postulating dubious CNS causes for auditory hallucinations other than from a hyperactive ear. They also do not cite a relevant prior case.

Their paper starts: "Unilateral auditory hallucinations...are associated with contralateral CNS lesions". Their only supporting reference is Toulouse (1892), who reviewed four adults with neurological disease and unilateral auditory hallucinations, allegedly of cortical origin. These turned out to be anything but. One case (Regis, 1881) had voices in his left ear aggravated by alcohol, sounds of a bell and water in his right, impaired hearing in his left ear (thought by Toulouse to be of cortical origin!); the 1888 case had bilateral auditory hallucinations, worse on the left, abolished by blocking off the ear which was full of pus; the 1890 case, an alcoholic wine merchant, had bilateral noises (bells, whistles, rattles, etc) which alternated and changed into voices in his right ear, but there was no examination of his ears or hearing; his 1892 case, also an alcoholic wine merchant, heard voices in her left ear, and had bilateral deafness from chronic otitis media. Whatever other lesions these four patients had, there were peripheral lesions sufficient to trigger tinnitus and auditory hallucinations, although in alcoholic patients these can probably be triggered from ears with relatively normal hearing.2 By contrast with these totally unconvincing cases of non-otological cortical origin, Toulouse reviewed seven cases of unilateral auditory hallucinations from homolateral ear disease, four of which were particularly convincing as the auditory hallucinations vanished (three cases) or waned (one case) with …


Objective The study was conducted to investigate the human infection,food contamination,and bacteria-bearing of animal and insect vectors of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 :H7 in Quzhou,Zhejiang.Methods Diarrhea patient and animal stool samples,various food samples and fly samples were cultured in MEC broth,amassed with immunomagnetic separation,and isolated in CHROMAGAR-O157:H7 culture medium.Purified isolates were biochemically identified,serotyped and detected for virulence genes.Results A total of 300 animal stool samples were collected in 2007,and 16 strains of O157:H7 were isolated with the overall positive rate of 5.33%.The positive rates of bacteria bearing cattle,sheep and pig were 20.83%,12.70% and 3.61%,respectively.No O157:H7 were isolated from the samples of diarrhea patients,food and insects.PCR results showed that stx2,hly and eaeA were positive and stx1 was negative in all isolates.Conclusion Some animals in Kecheng county,Quzhou city were infected by toxin-producing E.coli O157:H7.Therefore comprehensive surveillance for O157:H7 is required.


Monetary system is undoubtedly a venture, which has developed in the course of the history. Many facts from historical and even pre-historical times testify to a variety of possible ways of understanding the affairs of money; however, the relationship between money and productivity of labor has been known since the early days. Money conceived to be receivables for work is closely related to banking and economic accounting systems within the legal system of a State. Monetary stability depends chiefly upon the productivity of labor of all employed persons, whether clerks or workers. The question of maintaining productivity of labor should be focused upon, with a view to maintaining monetary stability. Money as an intellectual venture requires also common sense, and may suffer heavily as a result of rendering it either too shallow or overly intellectual.


This paper describes a simple method of determining the aquifer characteristics for the particular case of a site close to the sea. The method involves the measurement of lag and amplitude decay for the response of groundwater inland to tidal fluctuations. An example is presented which illustrates the application of the method and the limitations.


The flow characteristics of thunderstorm winds are not well understood. A number of studies have been conducted to analyze outflows and downbursts, namely the Joint Airport Weather Studies (JAWS), the Northern Illinois Meteorological Research on Downbursts (NIMROD) experiment (Fujita 1985), and single and dual Doppler observations (e.g. Parsons and Kropfli 1990, Klingle et al. 1987, Mueller and Carbone 1987, Wakimoto 1982). Valuable information about the general structure and behavior of outflows and downbursts has been obtained from these studies. Wakimoto (1982), for example, distinguished an outflow's life cycle, and Fujita (1985) classified downbursts based on their extent and pattern of surface divergence. However, understanding of the fine-scale structure of the flow is lacking. This lack of understanding is in part due to the non-stationary nature of the flow, which limits the validity of analysis, particularly when applying traditional statistical analysis techniques. It is also due in part to the lack of highresolution data, especially of extreme wind events. The 2002 Thunderstorm Outflow Experiment was conducted from 20 May to 15 July to obtain highresolution data of the kinematic and thermodynamic surface structure of thunderstorm outflows. Several outflows were recorded during the experiment, and two were of substantial intensity. The first event was produced by the rear-flank downdraft (RFD) of a nontornadic supercell on 5 June. The second event was a derecho generated by a mesoscale convective system (MCS) that caused wind-related damage from OK to the TX Gulf Coast on 16 June. The thermodynamic and kinematic analysis of these events will be discussed.


Obstetric bleedings, despite considerable decrease in an indicator of maternal mortality in Krasnoyarsk region in general, unfortunately, continue to keep the relevance as the reason of maternal mortality. In our research from the general set of lethal outcomes (31 cases of maternal mortality in Krasnoyarsk region during 2010-2014) died of obstetric bleedings 6 (19,4%) women. Among all cases of death from the direct obstetric reasons – 15 cases (48,4%) – this indicator made 40,0%. In comparison with data for 2005-2009 when in structure of the direct reasons this indicator made 15,8%, for the studied period it increased by 2,5 times. Studying of structure, social and hygienic and organizational aspects of maternal mortality from obstetric bleedings allows to estimate the existing actions and to develop new decisions in decrease in maternal losses from these reasons.


national Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy, Cagliari, Italy. Polkin et al., 11th International Mineral Processing Con gress, vol. 4, pp. 901-923 (1975). E. Livesey-Goldblatt, Phillipe Norman, P. and D. R. Livesey-Goldblatt, Gold Recovery "From Ar senopyrite/Pyrite Ore by Bacterial Leaching and Cya midation', presented at: Fifth International Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy, Cagliari, Italy. Karavaiko, G. I., Chuchalin, L. K. and T. A. Pivovarova, 1985, Microbiological Leaching of Metals From Arsenopyrite Containing Concentrates, pres ented at: Sixth International Symposium on Biohy drometallurgy, Vancouver, Canada. CIM Bulletin, Sep. 1983, B.C. Research Publication, R. Lawrence & A. Bruynesteyn, "Biological Pre-Oxidar tion to Enhance Gold and Silver Recovery From Re fractory Pyrite Ores and Concentrates".


This study investigates the distribution of natural radioactivity and geological, geochemical, and environmental risk assessments of phosphorite deposits to determine their suitability for international applications (such as phosphoric acid and phosphatic fertilizers). The examined Late Cretaceous phosphorite deposits belong to the Duwi Formation, which is well exposed on the southern scarp boundary at the central part of Abu Tartur Plateau, Gebel Qulu El Sabaya, East Dakhla Oasis. This formation is classified into lower phosphorite, middle shale, and upper phosphorite members. The lower phosphorite ranges in thickness from 2 to 3.5 m and mainly comprises apatite (possibly francolite), dolomite, calcite, quartz, hematite, anhydrite, and kaolinite. They contain an average concentration of CaO (38.35 wt.%), P2O5 (24.92 wt.%), SiO2 (7.19 wt.%), Fe2O3 (4.18 wt.%), MgO (3.99 wt.%), F (1.59 wt.%), Al2O3 (1.84 wt.%), Na2O (1.33 wt.%), and K2O (0.22 wt.%). Natural radioactivity and radiological parameters were investigated for fifteen samples of phosphorites using a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. Absorbed dose rates, outdoor and indoor annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard, and excess cancer risk values are higher than the recommended levels, reflecting that exposure to these deposits for a long time may lead to health risks to human organs.


Environmental destruction arises as a result of human wickedness and the absence of legislative acknowledgement of environmental integrity. Historically, the anthropocentric conception of law resulted in legislation serving as a tool for taming and othering nature, with nature existing only as a means to an end: human wellbeing (in terms of human rights). As a legal tool, it might be regarded as natural legitimacy degrading the environment, particularly through anthropocentric power relations, in the name of developing a risk management measuring tool that does not safeguard, but rather perpetuates, this ecological business. If the law remains dominated by an anthropocentric perspective, it will continue to be a mechanism for promoting and legitimizing environmental destruction; environmental law is still biased in favor of human wellbeing, not ecological integrity. As a result of this research, it is important to develop a additional learning model for CLE, one that is based on the Ecosophy (Ecological Philosophy) paradigm, which underpins the Deep Ecology perspective with Pedagogy Place Based Education (PBE). This is a qualitative descriptive-analytical method for expressing the legal situation & needs. The study's findings indicate that the predominance of anthropocentric perspectives in law, particularly in determining the personality of legal subjects who are exclusively human and human interests (such as companies), must be reinterpreted. This perspective establishes the role of law as a way of taming and othering nature, and more precisely, as a means of instrumentalizing and legitimizing environmental destruction under the guise of exploiting nature. Humans are, philosophically speaking, a component of the ecology. Human equality with nature is consistent with Deep Ecology beliefs. Thus, the expansion of the personality of legal subjects to include non-humans ensures that they receive their rights and are classified as vulnerable groups. Deep Ecology can be used to demonstrate that this PBE model for CLE must have a non-anthropocentric perspective and be more open-minded through the Ecosophy education model: PBE, in order for students to critically and empathetically see the world from a deep-holistic perspective, that vulnerable groups are not limited to humans, but also include nature. This understanding will result in law students who become environmental activists, ensuring that the future of law recognizes environmental integrity and does not justify environmental destruction.


C‐peptide has a beneficial effect against diabetic complications, but its role in hyperglycemia‐induced metastasis is unknown. We investigated hyperglycemia‐mediated pulmonary vascular leakage and metastasis and C‐peptide inhibition of these molecular events using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. VEGF, which is elevated in the lungs of diabetic mice, activated transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) in HPMVECs by sequential elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. VEGF also induced vascular endothelial (VE)‐cadherin disruption and increased the permeability of endothelial cells, both of which were prevented by the TGase inhibitors monodansylcadaverine and cystamine or TGM2‐specific small interfering RNA. C‐peptide prevented VEGF‐induced VE‐cadherin disruption and endothelial cell permeability through inhibiting ROS‐mediated activation of TGase2. C‐peptide supplementation inhibited hyperglycemia‐induced ROS generation and TGase2 activation and prevented vascular leakage and metastasis in the lungs of diabetic mice. The role of TGase2 in hyperglycemia‐induced pulmonary vascular leakage and metastasis was further demonstrated in diabetic Tgm2−/− mice. These findings demonstrate that hyperglycemia induces metastasis, and C‐peptide prevents the hyperglycemia‐induced metastasis in the lungs of diabetic mice by inhibiting VEGF‐induced TGase2 activation and subsequent vascular leakage.—Jeon, H.‐Y., Lee, Y.‐J., Kim, Y.‐S., Kim, S.‐Y., Han, E.‐T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.‐H., Kim, Y.‐M., Ha, K.‐S. Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. FASEB J. 33, 750–762 (2019). www.fasebj.org


As the false works were put into the collections of calligraphy in the Northern Song Dynasty,the work of distinguishing the genuine and fake started.Among the many famous connoisseurs,Huang Bosi and Dong You are two famous celebrities.Their differences and similarities in distinguishing methods can be seen through their masterpieces.


The runnability of a paper machine usually refers to consistent operating, stable paper quality and machine efficiency without unscheduled downtime. The machine rolls that directly contact the paper surface can significantly affect these results. The applicator roll in the size press directly touches the web whilst transferring a liquid medium onto the paper surface. The applicator roll cover plays an increasingly important role in delivering an even coating to the sheet whilst at the same time contributing to the ease of web transfer through the size press. 'eVen' is a new generation size press applicator roll cover from Voith, comprising a new premium rubber matrix, engineered polymeric filler and reinforcement synthetic fibre.


50 volunteer subjects without psychological training were paid $5 to answer 21 multiple-choice questions, each of which embodied one principle of learning or memory. 76% of the questions were answered correctly more often than chance. Number of questions answered correctly correlated positively with subjects' ages when the effect of education was partialed out. Number correct also correlated positively with education when age was partialed out. Taken together with Houston's 1983 findings, these results suggest that the general population has a good grasp of the essentials of psychology even without exposure to formal training in psychology.


Individual narratives about patient/family experiences of illness, and needs for information and support, can exert a powerful influence on policy formulation, particularly when a sensational story captures the attention of the media or general public. In this chapter, we situate the use and potential value of the narrative evidence within the messy world of policy making when trying to privilege evidence that brings diversity of voice and experiences on a topic, rather than individual stories. We explore the challenges associated with this type of experiential evidence, and the gap in translating such evidence to decision makers. We argue that both researchers and policy makers would benefit from a deeper understanding of each other's worlds, and present examples of strategies to bridge this gap. We conclude by offering advice for policy makers regarding communication of their needs for experiential evidence, and advice for qualitative researchers regarding the translation of narrative-based findings for policy.


ferrocenyl phosphines with methoxy and hydroxy groups have been synthesized and evaluated as supporting ligands in the palladium-catalyzed suzuki-miyaura cross-coupling reaction. it was found that the phosphine having methoxy group as supporting ligand afforded better palladium catalyst with pd(oac)(2), which can catalyze electron-rich aryl. bromides and electron-deficient aryl chlorides to couple with phenylboronic acid to form the corresponding biaryls in high yields.


The basic idea behind zones of peace is an old one. It can be found in the ancient practices of the Hebrews, the Polynesians, and the Egyptians, among whom the concept of sanctuary—a place of refuge from danger—gained broad cultural support. Among those peoples, divine authority intervened in an otherwise conflict‐laden society to guarantee peace and protection to those who inhabited specified areas. The political and civil structures of these societies not only accepted that intervention, but drew their legitimacy from it. Such zones (symbolizing the values of peace and political justice) served not only as legal mechanisms contrasted with the "goings‐on" in the rest of society, but also as expressions of a moral order that transcended the existing political society.


Solar energy is one of the widely spreading applications especially in Middle East. It has been used for water heating, direct electricity generation by means of photovoltaic, and for steam generation using parabolic trough solar collectors. Such utilities require large parcels of land in order to install tremendous arrays of panels or reflectors of the power needed of the order of MWs. Fabricating and constructing of thousands of reflectors necessitate the unit to be simple, reliable and with the lowest possible cost. This paper presents the design of a low cost solar dish with small-to-moderate size for direct electricity generation. Such model can be installed in rural areas which are not covered by the governmental grid. The study considers different dish diameters with full stress analyses to the dish components using Autodesk Inventor. One of the most important ways to reduce the cost is to find the optimum design of reflecting sheets, and robust structure with low weight, also a compact power transmission with minimum torque required to track the sun rays. The results show that the wider the angle between the ribs, the minimum cost would be. The unfolding of the sheets shows that landscape distribution will give lower number of sheet hence lower cost.


From the Publisher:
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2002, held in Kinsale, Ireland, in April 2002. The 18 revised full papers and 14 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. All current aspects of genetic programming and genetic algorithms are addressed, ranging from theoretical and foundational issues to applications in a variety of fields.


. Except for Koshy who devotes seven pages to applications of Fibonacci Numbers to electric circuits, most books and the Fibonacci Quarterly have been relatively silent on applications of graphs and electric circuits to Fibonacci numbers. This paper continues a recent trend of papers studying the interplay of graphs, circuits, and Fibonacci numbers by presenting and studying the Circuit Array, an infinite 2-dimensional array whose entries are electric resistances labelling edge values of circuits associated with a family of graphs. The Circuit Array has several features distinguishing it from other more familiar arrays such as the Binomial Array and Wythoff Array. For example, it can be proven modulo a strongly supported conjecture that the numerators of its left-most diagonal do not satisfy any linear, homogeneous, recursion, with constant coefficients (LHRCC). However, we conjecture with supporting numerical evidence an asymptotic formula involving π satisfied by the left-most diagonal of the Circuit Array.


Tight sandstone reservoir is very important in oil and gas exploration in China. Tight reservoirs classification and evaluation are a frontier research field. There are many indexes involved in reservoirs classification, and it is necessary to judge the reservoir type according to personal experience, which consumes lots of time and manpower. Therefore, a new classification method of tight reservoirs using random forest is proposed. Firstly, the high pressure mercury injection curves of tight sandstone reservoirs of He 8 member of Lower Shihezi Formation in eastern Yan'an Gas Field are selected as the research data. Four characteristics for classification are obtained by principal component analysis. Secondly, the random forest using CART is used to classify and obtain the results of reservoir classification. Finally, classification results are verified and parameters of the random forest are optimized. Experimental results show that the proposed reservoirs classification method has high accuracy and low calculation cost. It can effectively reduce time loss and save manpower, and has good generalization.


We address the problem of lattice light shifts in the Sr clock caused by multipolar M1 and E2 atom-field interactions. We presented a simple but accurate formula for the magnetic-dipole polarizability that takes into account both the positive and negative energy states contributions. We calculated the contribution of negative energy states to the M1 polarizabilities of the clock 1S0 and 3P0 states at the magic frequency. Taking these contributions into account, we obtained good agreement with the experimental results, resolving the major discrepancy between the theory and the experiment


The frightening rise of bacterial resistance is occurring worldwide and endangering the efficacy of antibiotics. Hence, the development of novel and potent antibacterial is a need of the day.

In this study, we designed and synthesized compounds C1-C11. These compounds are characterized by their FT-IR, NMR and MS spectral data and examined in vitro for their antibacterial activity.

Compounds C1-C11 were synthesized by reacting 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with appropriate chloroacetamide in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and dry acetone at room temperature. To assess the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations were examined by broth microdilution method against the selected strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Time-kill kinetics study was also performed as per CLSI guidelines.

Compounds C6 and C7 displayed promising activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 with MICs of 9.43 and 7.73 μM, respectively. These two compounds also displayed promising antibacterial activity against S. aureus 5021 with MIC values of 7.53 and 9.68 µM, respectively. In MBC determination, these two compounds (tested in the concentration range of 7.53 to 262.3 μM) displayed bactericidal activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus ATCC 43300, S. aureus NCIM 5021 and S. aureus NCIM 5022. In time-kill kinetics study, compounds C6 and C7 also exhibited bactericidal activity against S. aureus NCIM 5021 and S. aureus ATCC 43300 after 12 h of exposure. In general, all tested compounds exhibited poor activity against Mycobacterium sp. NCIM 2984 and also against tested Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae NCIM 2706, Escherichia coli NCIM 2065 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2036. Further, computed ADMET properties of C1-C11 showed a favourable pharmacokinetic profile with zero violation of Lipinski's rule of five.

The result showed that in phenylacetamides C6 and C7 presence of phenyl ring substituted with -CF3 group is responsible for their high antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 43300 (MICs, 9.43 and 7.73 μM, respectively). These two compounds also exhibited bactericidal activity respectively against S. aureus NCIM 5021 in time kill kinetics study.

Template of compound C7 can further be used to develop more potent antibacterial agents.


With the release of new low height castor bean cultivars with indehiscent fruit and suitable for mechanized cultivation, it is necessary to establish adequate row spacing and plant population for these materials. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate row spacing and plant population influence on the performance of castor bean cultivar IAC 2028 in out-of-season cropping. The experiment was carried out in 2008 and 2009, on a Haplorthox in Botucatu county, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots were composed by four row spacings (0.45, 0.60, 0.75 and 0.90 m) and subplots comprised four initial plant populations (25,000, 40,000, 55,000, and 70,000 plants ha-1). The largest row spacing provided the lower plant growth, number of racemes per plant, number of fruits per raceme, grain and oil yields. The highest plant populations provided smaller aboveground dry matter, stem diameter, yield components, and higher height of the first raceme insertion. Grain yield was little affected by plant populations, mainly in small row spacings. The smallest row spacings provided higher grain yields of castor bean cultivar IAC 2028 in out-of-season cropping, being recommended 0.45 and 0.60 m row spacings.


This study presents a relationship between two well‐known distributions, namely, geometric and binomial distributions. We will provide the statement of our result supported by its precise proof. In addition, we will give an illustrative example to explain the suggested relationship. We will indicate some industrial applications where the derived communicative property may be used. Moreover, the use of this linkage property will be shown in control charting setup.


Introduction. The difference between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia (OA and NOA) is important for the choice of treatment tactics and adequate counseling of a married couple.Objective. To describe, analyze, and classify possible challenges in differentiating between two types of azoospermiaMaterials and methods. The retrospective review of database on surgical sperm retrieval attempts performed our hospital (n = 754). A subpopulation of 216 patients who were preliminary diagnosed with OA, was selected for further analysis. All patients had testicular pathology data following sperm retrieval attempt. Rate of reclassification was assessed as a primary outcome. Reclassified cases were further analyzed to find a possible reason for incorrect differential diagnosis.Results. Among 216 patients with initially suspected OA, 131 (60.6%) had evidence of spermatogenic dysfunction on pathological examination of seminiferous tubules. Multivariate regression analysis showed that only regular exposure to high temperatures was an independent predictor of NOA detection in patients with normal endocrine and clinical parameters (OR = 1.989; 95% CI = 1.101 – 3.595). Analysis of the decision tree showed that patients with inhibin B levels below 93 pg/ml had the highest risk of an incorrect initial diagnosis (82.6%).Conclusions. Differential diagnosis of OA and NOA is not such a simple task. Any case of azoospermia against the background of normal semen volume by default should be considered as a case of NOA if there is no anamnestic or clinical data clearly indicating obstruction. Regular exposure to high temperature is likely to cause azoospermia in men with initially severe disorders of spermatogenesis. Finally, the reference values of inhibin B offered by most laboratories are not intended to assess reproductive function.


In the process of construction of underwater concrete pouring pile, it can not only improve the bearing capacity of concrete, but also improve the stability of concrete as a whole. Therefore, in order to ensure the orderly construction technology of construction of underwater concrete pouring pile, relevant construction personnel should improve their professional knowledge, and carry out relevant work mainly by improving the quality of construction of underwater concrete pouring pile technology. Construction personnel should strictly follow the requirements and process of construction of underwater concrete pouring pile technology to ensure the orderly progress of actual work, so as to make the construction of underwater concrete pouring pile technology can play its due value and effect in practice.


The paper describes a stage of a research project about Alternative Communication for students with autism in metropolitan schools classrooms in Rio de Janeiro. The purposes of the study were both to report and to discuss the needs and desires of elementary school teachers who work in the resource rooms offering specialized educational service and participating of the inclusion process of students with autism. Teachers attended to a theoretical-practicum course about the use of adapted PECS, an Alternative Communication system that functions by the exchange of pictures, and is specially tailored for students with autism. By the end of the course, the participants were asked about their needs and desires related to the employment of this resource in the regular classroom. The results showed that the majority of the teachers presents intention for better communication with their students , expressing, nonetheless, the need for both support from specialized teachers and the active participation of all people involved with the inclusion process. The participants considered that Alternative Communication should be introduced first in the resource rooms and later on in the regular classroom, as well.


This study is about reaction condition optimization and exploration of the general pathway of GSH-participating Maillard reaction. Response surface methodology (RSM) is used to define the reaction condition for optimal meat flavor product generation from synthetic oligopeptides via the Maillard reaction. The optimal reaction condition is: (A) temperature: 131.53 °C, (B) reaction time: 94.85 min, (C) volume of 0.2M phosphate buffer: 49.61 mL and (D) initial pH of reactants: 4.79. The priority sequence is: A > D > C > B, and the verification score was 9.1. A preliminarily pathway scheme using CAMOLA has been constructed to suggest a reaction mechanism for meat-like aroma product formation. In addition, a 2-pathway and 3-stage formation scheme of the GSH-participating Maillard reaction has been constructed.


The invention discloses an optical fiber composite variable-frequency cable. The optical fiber composite variable-frequency cable comprises a cable core. The cable core is formed by stranding a plurality of power line cores and an optical fiber unit and is wrapped by an outer sheath in an extruded mode; each power line core is composed of a conductor, an insulating layer wrapping the conductor in an extruded mode and a shielding layer wrapping the insulating layer in an extruded mode. Because the optical fiber unit is adopted for replacing a copper wire core in the prior art to transmit signals, it is guaranteed that the signals are not interfered by frequency fluctuation of the cable when transmitted; accordingly, signal transmission stability is improved, and signal transmission quantity is increased.


Crystal Field in Montcalm County, MI, was selected as a field trial site for this project. Analysis of production data for Crystal Field suggests that an additional 200,000 bbls of oil can be produced using one strategically located horizontal well. Total addition production from the Crystal Field could be as much as 6--8 MMBO. Application of the technology developed in this project to other Dundee fields in the area has the potential to increase Dundee production in Michigan by 35%, adding 80--100 MMBO to ultimate recovery. This project will demonstrate through a field trial that horizontal wells can be substantially increase oil production in older reservoirs that are at or near their economic limit. To maximize the potential of the horizontal well and to ensure that a comprehensive evaluation can be made, extensive reservoir characterization will be performed. In addition to the proposed field trial at Crystal Field, 29 additional Dundee fields in a seven-county area have been selected for study in the reservoir characterization portion of this project.


Acute lung injury is a major complication of hemorrhagic shock and the required resuscitation with large volumes of crystalloid fluids and blood products. We have previously identified a role of macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22 / MDC) pulmonary inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation. However, further details regarding the induction of CCL22 / MDC and its precise role in pulmonary inflammation after trauma remain unknown. In the current study, we used in vitroexperiments with a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, as well as an in vivomouse model of hemorrhage and resuscitation to identify key regulators in CCL22 / MDC production. We show that trauma induces expression of IFNg, which leads to production of CCL22 / MDC through a signaling mechanism involving p38 MAPK, NF-kB, JAK and STAT-1. IFNgalso activates TNFaproduction by alveolar macrophages, potentiating CCL22 / MDC production via an autocrine mechanism. Neutralization of IFNgor TNFawith specific antibodies reduced histological signs of pulmonary injury after hemorrhage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs.


In the present study we have evaluated two competing methods for estimation of the impulse response weights used in the identification of transfer function models:a time domain method involving biased regression techniques and a frequency domain method utilizing a discrete Fourier transform of the cross-covariance system of the transfer function model. The algorithms were implemented on a VAX-8800 computer at the Computing Center at Abo Akademi. The evaluation of the competing methods was carried out by simulations of different transfer function noise model structures. The models are essentially the same as those of Edlund, but we have used a far greater number of replications in the cases tested. Furthermore, we have used actually identified and estimated autoregressive integrated moving-average models of the residuals in the identification procedure of impulse response weights, in contrast with Edlund who only used theoretical noise models in filtering the input and output series. After a shot discussio...