A midair haptic display that provides a cooling sensation is developed in this study. Although a noncontact heat display using infrared rays has been reported, such an infrared display cannot cool the skin surface. In this study, we generate and control a straight, thin, long, air flow driven by an ultrasound-phased array and transport cold air to a localized spot on the users' skin. Since the air flow position and direction is electronically steerable, the display area can be controlled freely. A prototype of the proposed display was developed and the cooling performance was evaluated. We confirm that a small cool spot is created and shifted on a user's forearm based on our observations of the temporal changes in the skin temperature distribution using thermography.


The leading order effect of non-sphericity on the maximum size $R_{\rm TA,max}$ of realistic large scale bound cosmic structures is studied in the framework of $\Lambda{\rm CDM}$. Three simple models are used, two to describe intrinsically axisymmetric static mass distributions and the Kerr-de Sitter metric for stationary ones with non-vanishing angular momentum. In all cases the fractional change $\delta R_{\rm TA,max}(\theta)/R^{(0)}_{\rm TA,max}$ of $R_{\rm TA,max}$ of a given structure, compared to a spherical one with the same mass $M$, depends on the polar angle $\theta$ and is proportional to the product of the relevant eccentricity parameter, times the square of a small quantity, which in the static examples is the ratio of two characteristic length scales, while in the spinning case it is the ratio $v_{\rm out}/c$ of the azimuthal speed of the outmost members of the structure over the speed of light. Furthermore, the anglular average $\langle \delta R_{\rm TA,max}(\theta)/R^{(0)}_{\rm TA,max}\rangle$ is zero in the two static cases, while it is negative and proportional to ${\cal O}(v^2_{\rm out}/c^2)$ in the Kerr-de Sitter example. Thus, $\delta R_{\rm TA,max}(\theta)/R^{(0)}_{\rm TA,max}$ of axisymmetric structures is very small for practically any value of the eccentricity parameter. Based on the above, we argue that the maximum turnaround size of {\it realistic} superclusters has negligible dependence on their shapes.


Herein, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum in combination with fluorescence spectroscopy were jointly explored to investigate the binding interaction between Enrofloxacin (EFLX) with Bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a physiological condition. A facile SERS substrate based on the self-assembly of colloid silver on the modified TiN-Ag surface was obtained, an advanced SERS analysis method basing on this as-prepared substrate was established for sensitive and rapid detection of enrofloxacin, the most enhanced mode was that with certain motions perpendicular to the metal surface. In addition, the fluorescence and ultraviolet spectrum were allowed to found that enrofloxacin may bind to BSA site I via the carboxyl group with strong binding power.


IN TURNS OF TEMPEST: A READING OF JOB, WITH A TRANSLATION. By Edwin M. Good. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, 1990. Pp. 496. $45. There is something to be said about consistency in the writings of a scholar. When such is the case, the reader is able to augment and advance some of the author's ideas that have already been grasped. An entirely different challenge arises when the scholar moves in a new direction and actually disavows earlier thinking. This is the case in Good's recent commentary on Job. Acknowledging that his earlier writing itself shows that he has changed his mind about Job several times, he states that this work will reveal a significant shift in interpretive approach. Good first provides the reader with an extensive annotated original translation of this difficult Hebrew text (48-173) and then leads the reader through the Book of Job by way of deconstruction's principle of indeterminacy. He insists that Job be read as an "open" text, not as a "closed" one. The 43 pages of endnotes and 22 pages of bibliography attest to the rigorous scholarship in which he engaged and into which he invites the reader. Granting the importance of historical critical analyses and admitting his own employment of these methods, Good is more interested in literary questions than in historical ones. He demonstrates this preference by treating the customary preliminary questions in two short introductions; one labeled "dispensable," the other "indispensable." In the first, he addresses historical matters such as the book's original language, geographic origin, date, composition, and relationship with other literature. While he takes a position on each of these issues, he does not believe that knowledge of such specifics contributes to understanding the book as a work of literary art. Although some of the information in the first introduction may be beside the point of his argument, it may be very important for the reader. In the second introduction Good discusses some of the problems facing the translator and explains how he either resolved them or left them unresolved. He takes serious issue with anyone who presumes to "rewrite" a difficult passage, believing that the emendation probably is more the creation of the translator than of the original author. Since Good is concerned with opening the text to new and multiple meanings rather than with claiming accuracy of translation, he prefers the principles of dynamic equivalence for rendering certain idiomatic phrases. His discussion of some of the characteristics of Hebrew poetry, specifically rhythm and parallelism, is straightforward and will be helpful for those unac-


In this paper, new design concept of nonorthogonal input and output (I/O) ports applied to optimize dual‐mode bandpass ring filter is proposed. Compared to conventional dual‐mode filters, the proposed filter with nonorthogonal I/O could not only support two degenerate modes operation, but also increase design flexibility. Moreover, the design of dual‐mode filters would not have an I/O geometry limitation, corresponding to high integration. Finally, a simple structure and high selectivity for the dual‐mode bandpass filters were obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 639–641, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21431


Introduction. We aimed to investigate the effects of modified cardiac rehabilitation programme on functional fitness level. We modified the programme with the elements of resistance training relied on use of the ankle and wrist weights (1, 0.5 kg each). Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 patients in 2–3 weeks following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), after they underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Patients were divided in to two groups: two groups of 20 patients each: control group with standard training and experimental group with elements of resistance training. An analysis of the data was performed before and after 18-session rehabilitation programme. The study was performed only in patients at moderate risk of cardiac disease according to American College of Sports Medicine 8th edition risk stratification. Results. Contemporary standard of cardiac rehabilitation provided to the patients post-ACS improved significantly (p < 0.05) the endurance parameters assessed with the 6-min walking test (from 517.75 ± 57.27 to 581 ± 94.04 m for the standard rehabilitation and from 523.00 ± 45.43 to 598.47 ± 57.30 m for modified programme with the elements of resistance). The strength of the arms and legs assessed with the dynamometry improved significantly with more pronounced improvement in the group with resistance training elements than in the standard rehabilitation group (from 33.10 ± 8.35 to 42.65 ± 11.90 kg and from 127.00 ± 25.49 to 154.40 ± 31.86 kg, respectively; p < 0.05). The strength endurance assessed with the SFT for the legs increased significantly in both groups. Conclusions. Early-phase cardiac rehabilitation extended with the elements of resistance training results in greater improvement, especially in the elements of strength.


This article proposes a global continuous robust finite‐time control (GCRFTC) for a unified power flow controller (UPFC) to improve the transient stability and oscillation damping of power system. First, by using an appropriate coordinate transformation, the nonlinear system of the UPFC is transformed into a nonlinear port‐controlled dissipative Hamiltonian (PCDH) system. Second, based on the PCDH system, by utilizing the Hamiltonian structural properties and the "energy shaping plus damping injection" technique, a proper form of a Hamiltonian function is obtained for the PCDH system. Third, using the Hamiltonian function method, finite‐time stability criterion and robust control technique, the GCRFTC is designed and theoretically proved, and the chattering phenomena and the high‐order frequencies of the power system are avoided effectively. Lastly, a six‐bus and two power plants power system with a UPFC is used to test the effectiveness and robustness of the GCRFTC. Simulation results show that the speed, overshoot, and settling time of the response and the transient conditions of the GCRFTC are further improved in comparison with that of the robust finite‐time power flow control.


Straight hole in the rolling line for the manufacture of ceramic guide wire transport, its shape is cylindrical and has a through hole for a wire transport, the through-hole by a conical bore and a fixed diameter composition, inlet end of said wire hole is tapered guide. When used in the rolling line, this is not easy to jam the guide wire, and a long life.


In order to decrease the cost for those electric logistics vehicles, it's necessary to consider respond the lower real-time price in the electricity market when the EV is prepared for charging electricity and find an optimal distribution scheme; the key problem is in constructing an optimal model and find proper optimization solving approach. Firstly, based on the constructed information system, the variation characteristics of real-time price and the charging/discharging characteristics of the battery are analyzed. Secondly, the mathematical model of minimizing the cost of electric logistics vehicles is constructed. Various constraints, such as battery capacity limit, road accessibility, and whether a charging station is available, are considered. Then, with the improved dynamic programming, the discussed problem is easy to be solved when being converted into multi-stage decision-making. Finally, an example demonstrates how electric logistics vehicles respond to real-time prices. Those findings can verify the proposed model and solution approach are valid.


We provide an updated analysis of data about U.S. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residency program applicants collected by the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP).


International Migration: Prospects and Policies offers a comprehensive, up-to-date survey of global patterns of international migration and the policies employed to manage the flows. It shows that international migration is not rooted in poverty or rapid population growth, but in the expansion and consolidation of global markets. As nations are structurally transformed by their incorporation into global markets, people are displaced from traditional livelihoods and become international migrants. In seeking to work abroad, they do not necessarily move to the closest or richest destination, but to places already connected to their countries of origin socially, economically, and politically. When they move, migrants rely heavily on social networks created by earlier waves of immigrants, and, in recent years, professional migration brokers have become increasingly common. Developing countries generally benefit from international migration because migrant savings and remittances provide foreign earnings to finance balance of payments deficits and make productive investments. Some developing nations have gone so far as to establish programs or ministries dedicated to the export of workers. Developed nations, in contrast, focus more on the social and economic costs of immigrants and seek to reduce their numbers, regulate their characteristics, and limit their access to social services. Over time, receiving nations have gravitated toward a similar set of restrictive policies, yielding undocumented migration as a worldwide phenomenon. Globalization also creates infrastructures of transportation, communication, and social networks to put developed societies within reach. In the latter, ageing populations and segmenting markets create a persistent demand for immigrant workers. All these trends are likely to intensify in the coming years to make immigration policy a key political issue in the twenty-first century. Contributors to this volume - Manolo I. Abella Aderanti Adepoju Martin Baldwin-Edwards Graziano Battistella Frank D. Bean Richard Bedford Michael Fix Graeme Hugo Guillermina Jasso Daniele Joly Alicia Maguid Philip L. Martin Douglas S. Massey Marek Okolski David A. Spener Charles Stahl Astri Suhrke J. Edward Taylor Catherine Withol de Wenden Min Zhou Wendy Zimmermann Hania Zlotnik


An unstable TITO system model is introduced in this paper.Then,the TITO transfer function array is presented and analyzed.By decoupling the system,the compensation coefficient is calculated and a special control method is proposed as well.The results of simulation show that the appropriate decoupling arrays can make the introduced system stable.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, radiology, dentistry and is intended for analysis of X-ray images, both film and digital, by identification of pathological section by local decrease of bone tissue density, which manifests itself in local darkening of image. Identification is carried out in two stages with application of standard range of brightness values, corresponding to pathological sections of bone tissue. At the first stage correspondence of scales of standard and digital image brightness is established, at the second stage pixels of bone image, numerical value of whose brightness corresponds to standard range. After that area of pathological section is determined by number of fixed pixels taking into account scale of image on X-ray picture. X-ray picture on film carrier must be preliminarily converted into digital form with determination of image scale on picture. EFFECT: method ensures objective identification of pathological anatomical bone formation, increases accuracy of determination of area of pathological anatomical formation. 2 cl, 7 dwg


Compressive experiments on mortar-free grouted concrete masonry composed with hollow blocks were studies in this essay. Characteristics of compressive stress-strain curve were analyzed by utilizing test data of 15 specimens with 100% filling rate of grouted concrete. Further more, elastic modulus formula was proposed according to results of previous and present work.


The article presents a relatively complete list of the versions of the hadith — both in Sunni tradition and in Shiites'. The author highlights diff erent approaches to the assessment of the authenticity of these versions, as well as their representative interpretations by the leading theological schools of classical Islam — Kalam, Asarism (Hanbalism-Taymiyyism), Sufi sm and Falsafa.


Just like changing every phenomenon of life, developing technologies have affected mother's songs/lullabies, which are precious treasures of our culture and they are technologically shaping our mother's songs/lullabies in an artificial way. Today, with the developing technology we are able to make the babies listen to lullabies without touching the babies or without having eye contact with the babies. In fact, this situation affects mother-infant communication and interaction and the quality bond between mother-infant adversely. Compared to the impact of mother's singing the lullabies traditionally to the baby by touching, looking and stroking; the impact of making the babies listen to the lullabies with technological tools has become a matter of discussion. However; the latter is not as effective as the lullabies that are sung with the mother's natural voice and are important treasure chest of our own culture. Thus, it was aimed with this study to investigate the effect of today's technology on mother's songs/lullabies that are very significant artistic aspect of the communication between mother-infant and hold a very deep place in our culture.


In plastic surgery, free tissue graft procedures are an essential part of fixing tissue-lack injuries or diseases. However, tissue necrosis caused by vascular occlusions or poor vascular anastomosis is a severe problem for prognosis. Follow-up surgery in the early-stage of necrosis caused by congestion or ischemia is essential to salvage the tissue, but making a diagnosis is difficult because of the slight features of these states. Therefore, a diagnosis support system that can capture the features of blood circulation of the skin flap is required to improve prognosis. We focused on system design and analysis by using spectral characteristics of blood circulation of a skin flap for this purpose. The system to be constructed is composed of a two-channel narrow-band illuminant and a color camera and can capture six-channel spectral signals. The narrow-band illuminant is designed by combining 13 kinds of light-emitting diode (LED) spectra. In this study, we first measured reflectance spectra of the early-stage skin flap necrosis of the rat model to design the narrow-band illuminant spectra. We blocked the flow of the target vessel and observed necrosis progression. A prototyped skin flap chamber was used for stable observation of spectral reflectance measurements. An evaluation experiment was conducted using a color camera and the spectrally tunable light source. Skin flap images were captured under the designedilluminants and a conventional illuminant reproduced by the spectrally tunable light source. We confirmed the effectiveness of the designed system by improvements in necrosis region detection.


The in vitro influence of methisoprinol on the replication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious haematopoetic necrosis (IHN) viruses by measuring their RNA synthesis was examined. EPC cell cultures containing various concentrations of methisoprinol (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml of medium) were inoculated with VHS or IHN virus suspension containing 10 TCID50/ml. The inhibition of [H]-uridine incorporation into VHSV and IHNV RNA propagated in cell cultures with methisoprinol was demonstrated. The highest percentage of viral RNA inhibition was observed when a dose of 500 μg/ml was used. The results indicated that methisoprinol inhibits the replication of salmonid rhabdoviruses and possibly may be effective in prevention of viral infection in aquaculture.


A method to identify and to correct the large‐scale biases in regional climate simulations is proposed. This bias is caused by the mismatch of the regional and the driving global models' physical parameterizations. It is suggested that simulations at spatial resolution similar to the driving global model should be used to estimate the possible bias in the higher resolution simulations. This correction is shown for a climate downscaling experiment over Southeast Asia. The global model is the NCAR community climate model (CCM3), and the regional model is the regional spectral model (RSM) of NCEP. The bias is estimated by taking the difference between a RSM0 (RSM run with similar CCM3 resolution) and the CCM3 solution. Once this bias is removed, the resulting seasonal‐mean at higher resolution simulation shows a large‐scale pattern more similar to that of the driving CCM3, but still retains additional realistic regional details.


The baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vacuole is functionally analogous to the human lysosome. A novel genomic screen was performed in our laboratory to identify genes involved in the last stage of trafficking to the lysosome. ENV7 is one of four novel genes identified, and its product is involved in defects at the late endosome and vacuole interface. We have shown that Env7 is a phosphorylated palmitoylated protein kinase that is also conserved in humans. Based on bioinformatic studies in our lab on Env7, we hypothesize that Env7 phosphorylation is occurring at the specific C‐terminus serine residues 236, 287, 300, and 331. The objective is to isolate the phosphorylated C‐terminus fragment and identify its phosphorylated residues. A protease inhibitor assay was performed to maximize partially degraded C‐terminal fragments of Env7‐HA without excess protein degradation. The developed protocol was used to generate fragments of wild type Env7 and mutant Env7 Cys13‐15Ser, which does not autophosphorylate in vitro. The partially degraded protein samples were separated using SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and visualized using a Western blot. The phosphorylated C‐terminal fragments traveled a shorter distance relative to non‐phosphorylated Env7 due to their heavy weight. Wild type fragments showed a doublet band, whereas the corresponding fragment for Cys13‐15Ser showed a strong, lower single band. This shows that the strong, top band of the doublet present in wild type may be the phosphorylated residue of interest. It also proves that the Cys13‐15 track is necessary for kinase activity of Env7. More protocols will be developed to compare the phosphorylated fragments. Identification of the phosphorylated residues will be performed with mass spectroscopy of the isolated fragments.


We show that for the originally ill-posed inverse problem of calibrating a localized jump-diffusion process to given option price data, Tikhonov regularization can be used to get a well-posed optimization problem. Furthermore we prove stability as well as convergence of the regularized parameters using the forward partial integro-differential equation associated to the European call price. By providing a precise link between these parameters and the corresponding market models we are able to extend the results to the associated market models and hence to the model prices of exotic derivatives. Finally we indicate some possible applications.


The application of specific serologic markers for hepatitis A and B has made it evident that hepatitis caused by unknown viruses exists. This has been designated "non-A, non-B hepatitis." At present, nearly 90% of post-transfusion hepatitis is presumed to be caused by non-A, non-B virus(es). Recently, the existence of a transmissible agent in non-A, non-B hepatitis was confirmed by the transmission of this disease to chimpanzees by inoculation of human serum (1, 2). However, the characteristics of the agent still remain elusive. We report here the finding, by electron microscopy, of virus-like particles in the sera from patients with non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis. There were 50 post-transfusion hepatitis patients at our hospital during the period from January 1978 to April 1979. Of these, 49 were characterized as non-A, non-B hepatitis. These cases could be divided into two groups, depending upon whether the pattern of serum-glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase (SGPT) values was monophasic or biphasic. Twenty-eight were classified as the monophasic type and 21 as biphasic. The incubation period in these 49 cases varied from 2 to 15 weeks. It was shorter than 6 weeks in the greater part of the monophasic cases (60.7%), and longer than 7 weeks in the majority of the biphasic cases (61.9%). Distribution of the incubation periods is shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1. The serum samples from nine monophasic cases and eight biphasic were examined with an electron microscope. Two-tenths ml of the serum was centrifuged on a preformed 4.5-ml cesium chloride gradient (1.15-1.4 g/cm3) at 35,000 rpm for 20 hr at 5 C or a sucrose gradient (15-50%) at 35,000 rpm for 6 hr at 10 C. The density of each fraction was determined with a refractometer. The specimens were dropped onto carbon grids, negatively stained with 3% phosphotungstic acid and examined in an electron microscope. Virus-like particles were found in the sera from four of eight biphasic cases, but in none of nine monophasic ones (Table 2). These particles were detected at the time of elevated SGPT levels (Fig. 2). The particles were shown to have a buoyant density of 1.29-1.31 g/cm3 (mean=1.3 g/cm3) in cesium chloride and were found in the 28-32% (mean=30% ) sucrose fraction. Electron micrographs of the virus-like particles are shown in Fig. 3. Hexagonal particles of about 32 nm in diameter, in which there was an inner core of


The transition from over centralised economy to market economy generated a wholesome of economical and social problems for the Romanian agriculture and rural development. Is for this reason that, it came natural that the preoccupations for identifying solutions and means of solving them mobilized more and more specialists in the field. After a short description of the relationship between rural development and globalization, follows the issue regarding rural identity structure and the approach to rural identity and globalization. .


This handbook provides authoritative, comprehensive guidance on smoke control practice and engineering approaches. With more than 500 pages of in-depth guidance, the handbook describes smoke control technology, including fundamental concepts, smoke control systems, and methods of analysis. The handbook contains the information needed for the analysis of design fires, including considerations of sprinklers, shielded fires, and transient fuels.


Optimization is using available resources in the best possible way. Whether the objective is to maximize profit or minimize cost, optimization of a problem can lead to better planning for an organization. Mathematical tools such as Linear Programming allow such optimization problem to be modeled mathematically to solve it. In this paper, linear programming was used to solve the optimization for transportation problem that involves transporting rice from Padiberas Nasional Berhad (PNB) rice mills to wholesalers and customers in Malaysia. PNB currently deliver rice from five rice mill to 22 different locations in the eight state of Malaysia. Since not all destinations involved in the transportation process, the right amount of rice that should be transport to each destination is important for the company to utilize available resource in the best way. This paper aimed to minimize total transportation cost that was incurred by the company. It also discussed the sensitivity analysis impact of changes in cost incurred at each rice mill to its destination toward the total transportation cost. POM-QM for Windows was used to solve the model for minimization of total transportation cost. The result show that total transportation cost was able to be minimized from RM 3,010,895 to RM 2,187,310.30.


To the Editor. —A recent experience in my practice of ophthalmology may serve as a gadfly to all practitioners performing surgery around the area of the head and neck to exhibit greater caution. Innocent instruments, loosely handled, can be injurious. A competent young dentist was routinely treating a patient when a dental explorer slipped while it was being passed across the patient's face to a tray. The instrument penetrated the patient's cornea. He was rushed to my office where I noted that his anterior chamber had collapsed from a through-and-through perforation. Immediate treatment was aimed at constricting the pupil to protect the lens; the eye was treated with antibiotics and patched. Subsequently, the man was admitted to North Shore Hospital when the anterior chamber did not reform completely. Employing the same regimen as that used initially, including rest in bed, the anterior chamber reformed in one day. Subsequently, his vision


A cooperative ligand-assisted, Rh-catalyzed intramolecular alkene hydrosilylation of homoallylic silyl ethers (1) was developed to provide 1,3-trans-oxasilacyclopentanes (trans-2) in a highly regio- and diastereoselective manner. The modification of metal-ligand architecture employing an inner-sphere functional diene ligand (1,3-cyclohexadiene) and a supporting phosphine ligand (BINAP) was identified as responsible for dramatic enhancement of selectivities. Mechanistic details of a diene ligand-mediated hydride shuttle process are presented as the potential mechanistic driving force behind the high level of the selectivities.


While working at the Lower Liassic Ammonites of the Sowerby Collection, preserved in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), the author happened to come upon one of the paratypes of Ammonites Greenoughi, J. Sowerby, which could be recognized at once as being allied to Schlotheimia Charmassei, d'Orbigny, sp. On going into the matter in greater detail it was found that the suspicions of some Ammonite workers regarding the misinterpretation of the species by most previous authors were, indeed, well founded. Quenstedt, for example, had stated that Wright, having found Sowerby's type very much disfigured by decomposition of pyrites, substituted for it a gigantic specimen of a diameter of 440 mm., "which, however, looks different again." Pompeckj again stated that the gigantic specimen drawn by Wright, as well as his description defined the species in a not very precise manner, and that, therefore, it was not certain that the specimen agreed with Sowerby's original.


1. McKinney LO. Neurotheology: Virtual Religion in the 21st Century. Cambridge: American Institute for Mindfulness 1994. 2. Persinger MA, Healey F. Experimental facilitation of the sensed presence: Possible intercalation between the hemispheres induced by complex magnetic fields. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2002; 190: 533–541. 3. Boyer P. Und Mensch schuf Gott. Stuttgart: KlettCotta 2004. 4. Vaas R, Blume M. Gott, Gene und Gehirn. Stuttgart: Hirzel 2009. 5. Griffiths RR, Richards WA, McCann U, Jesse R. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology 2006; 187: 268–283. 6. Brugger P. Das gläubige Gehirn. Der Glaube an das Außersinnliche aus neuropsychologischer Sicht. In: Matthiesen S., Rosenzweig R. (eds.): Von Sinnen – Traum und Trance, Rausch und Rage aus Sicht der Hirnforschung. Paderborn: mentis 2007: 113–133. 7. Newberg AB, D'Aquili E, Rause V. Der gedachte Gott. 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Description and purpose This paper provides two subroutines to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an arbitrary real matrix. Suppose initially that we are given the positive semidefinite covariance (or correlation) matrix 2 (p xp) with elements {o(J}, and that we wish to evaluate the eigenvalues, \x > X2 > > Ap, in decreasing order of magnitude. We do not distinguish between sample and population matrices, since the same methods are applicable. Corresponding to the eigenvalue Xy we define the column eigenvector Xf as the (p x 1) vector satisfying


Abstract What is astrobiology? Which fields does it comprise and what makes an astrobiologist? Ask five scientists and you may end up with six different definitions. This issue was raised at the first symposium of the European network of Astrobiology Graduates (AbGradE), held last year in Edinburgh, when discussing whether the attendees' fields of study were represented in the astrobiology community.


The purpose of the research described in this paperis to first identify successful Greek SMEs that canbe qualified as 'hidden champions' and second touncover the factors that have contributed to theirsuccess. These factors relate to their choice of mar-kets served, their relationships with customers andsuppliers, innovative behavior, leadership andhuman resources management practices. The find-ings suggest that four overall themes or 'recipes'may explain the success of these firms: (a) intensespecialization in narrowly defined market seg-ments, (b) commitment to customer service, (c)innovative culture and adaptation to new techno-logies, and (d) strong leadership and a healthyorganizational climate.


The Care Quality Commission has opened the online system for registration of general practices and is urging surgeries to select a "window" in which to formally submit their application.

All general practices have been sent a unique 12 digit registration access code with which to sign in to the CQC's website, after which …


A nitrite reductase gene related to somatic embryogenesis was first cloned from Gossypium hirsutum. The cDNA sequence of the gene, named GhNiR, is 2,257 bp in length, with 254 bp of the 5' untranslated region and 236 bp of the 3' untranslated region. The open reading frame is 1,767 bp in length, encoding a deduced amino acid sequence of 588 residues with a molecular weight of 65.722 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.07. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of GhNiR was higher in embryogenic calli and somatic embryoids than in nonembryogenic calli among different somatic embryogenesis stages, and that the level of GhNiR mRNA was also higher in the cultivar with higher somatic embryogenesis ability. The catalytic GhNiR was verified by transformation in E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain with the recombinant expression vector pET-28A-GhNiR. NiR activity assay showed that the crude GhNiR protein had obvious activity to NaNO2 substrate.


This study aims to enrich the potato slices with vitamins C and D, whose beneficial effects on human health have been proven by literature studies, using the vacuum impregnation method. For this purpose, the vitamin contents and antioxidant capacities of potato samples vacuum impregnated with solutions containing vitamins C and D were determined. In addition, the samples were cooked by steaming and deep-fried, cooking losses were determined, and sensory analyzes were carried out on the cooked samples. While the vitamin C content of potato slices without vacuum impregnation was determined as 14.13±0.08 mg/100g, this amount was increased by 65% with the vacuum impregnation process and determined as 39.42±0.15 mg/100g. The vitamin D contents of the potato slices, which were below the limit of detection value (LOD) in the control sample, were increased approximately six times by the vacuum impregnation process. The antioxidant capacity values of the vacuum impregnated samples were also increased (approximately 23% in the DPPH method and approximately 6.5% in the ABTS method) compared to the control sample. While very low losses were observed in the vitamin content in the steam cooking method, the vitamin D content was reduced by half in the frying process. As a result of sensory analysis, no statistical difference was found between the vacuum-impregnated samples and the control sample. When the general appreciation scores were evaluated, the most liked samples by the panelists were deep-fried.


"Legal pluralism" is often regarded as one of the central and most innovative findings of early legal anthropology. Since the half of the 20 th century, however, the concept has been through intense criticism, re-working and modification, gaining a life of its own, broadening its scope and being appropriated by scholars from diverse disciplinary backgrounds as well as lawyers, politicians, and other actors. One of the most significant developments has been the shift from the study of indigenous or customary legal systems operating in the remoteness of colonial rurality to a new understanding of the plurality of legal orders working in the urban centers. The city, once taken as the realm of state legality, is now revealed as a contested terrain of multiple territories of law, a "palimpsest" of codes, jurisdictions and sources of legal authority at the same time local and global, familiar and strange. In postcolonial cities, where a myriad of legal spaces overlap, legal orders are taken as constructed cultural and social spaces entangled with processes of place-making and differentiated experiences of urban citizenship in-the-making. Moreover, when processes of capital accumulation and neoliberalization in the urban level meet ongoing social and political struggles, not only scalar fixes are being destabilized and challenged and but also strategies to re-organize scalar arrangements are proliferating. Therefore, legal plurality on a urban setting tend to be stronger as social groups and actors actively challenge the official legal field by mobilizing and negotiating processes of scaling and re-scaling of the law in order to frame certain legal processes and foster particular political projects. In this paper, I will explore the potentialities of this debate, arguing that the spaces and places (of law) are not natural, but constantly produced, invented, and appropriated by social actors on a relational fashion and depending on a their particular engagement with the multiple legal territories of the city. Under this view, "law" and "legal orders" are so much about social regulation as they are about identity and place making, since those are categories deeply embedded in and productive of these same constructed notions of social spatiality and jurisdictional territory. Focusing in the case of Luanda, capital city of Angola, I will be particularly interested in understanding how non-essentialist notions of "locality" and "globality" are mediated, reshaped, negotiated, rescaled, hybridized and sculpted in the (plural) legal architecture operating in the urban space. In fact, it is clear that in Luanda the re-scaling of law and state legality are not only about the relationship between social groups and the State but also and perhaps more importantly about the many formal and informal institutions that engage in the mediation and negotiation of legal and spatial belonging and territoriality from a diversity of positionalities. Relying on journalistic material collected from 2007 and 2010 and on the results of a research project on Legal Pluralism in Luanda I integrated from 2008 to 2010, I will argue that this plural urban legalscape is subject to the same power relations inherent to processes of uneven globalization, and therefore becomes a privilege sphere for social and legal struggle over the delimitation and blurring of urban territories and the extension of rights to the city.


In the recent years there has been a remarkable progress in the development of methods for the description of strong electron correlation in mols. There are now many methods that describe strong correlation in active spaces with up to 60 orbitals. However, capturing the remaining weak (dynamic) correlation outside of the active space remains a challenge. Conventional multi-ref. methods for dynamic correlation (such as internally-contracted perturbation theory, e.g. CASPT2 or NEVPT2) require computation of up to fourth-order reduced d. matrixes, which prohibits their application to systems with active spaces with more than 24
orbitals. In this talk I will describe a new method which provides an efficient description of static and dynamic
electron correlation by combining the formalism of d. matrix renormalization group (DMRG) and timedependent
multi-ref. perturbation theory. This approach has a no. of important advantages:. 1) It is equiv. to fully uncontracted perturbation theory, but has a lower computational scaling than the contracted approaches;. 2) It avoids computation of the three- and four-particle reduced d. matrixes;. 3) It has a polynomial scaling with the no. of active orbitals and can be applied to active spaces with much more than 24 orbitals. In my talk, I will present a brief overview of multi-ref. time-dependent perturbation theory, discuss its implementation in combination with DMRG, and demonstrate its performance for strongly correlated systems with large active spaces.


An air-bus system is proposed as one alternative to urban mass transportation. The propulsive force of this system is generated by a linear motor. Several single- or double-sided linear motor topologies could be employed, but a double-sided linear induction motor (LIM) is preferred due to its simple passive track and high value of force density. Several research works were carried out to develop analytical models for the analysis of LIM performance. In this paper, a quasi-1-D analytical method is proposed to analyze motor performance, and the longitudinal and transversal edge effects are considered as well. Accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the analytical results with the experimental data, which shows acceptable conformity. Then, the motor design for the desired application is presented and its performance is evaluated by both finite-element method and analytical modeling. Derivations of major equations are given as well.


To improve the stability and precision of the time-varying system,an adaptive interpolate control method based on the online parameter identification is presented.First the controller for the time-varying system was deduced according to irreducible decomposition method of transfer function and Bezout equation,and the stability of the interpolate controller was proved.The controller could also be modified to be a general PI controller for the convenience of industrial application.Second,the adaptive interpolate controller was built up with the on-line identification method.Finally,the controller was applied to thickness control system of tape rolling mill whose parameters were time-varying.The simulation results show the validity of the control.


BACKGROUND: Prediction systems in software engineering often suffer from the shortage of suitable data within a project. A promising solution is transfer learning that utilizes data from outside the project. Many transfer learning approaches have been proposed for defect prediction known as cross-project defect prediction (CPDP). In contrast, a few approaches have been proposed for software effort estimation known as cross-company software effort estimation (CCSEE). Both CCSEE and CPDP are engaged in a similar problem, and a few CPDP approaches are applicable as CCSEE in actual. It is thus beneficial for improving CCSEE performance to examine how well CPDP approaches can perform as CCSEE approaches. AIMS: To explore how well CPDP approaches work as CCSEE approaches. METHOD: An empirical experiment was conducted for evaluating the performance of CPDP approaches in CCSEE. We examined 7 CPDP approaches which were selected due to the easiness of application. Those approaches were applied to 8 data sets, each of which consists of a few subsets from different domains. The estimation results were evaluated with a common performance measure called SA. RESULTS: there were several CPDP approaches which could improve the estimation accuracy though the degree of improvement was not large. CONCLUSIONS: A straight forward application of selected CPDP approaches did not bring a clear effect. CCSEE may need specific transfer learning approaches for more improvement.


Abstract : The use of inclined ramps to launch aircraft from short runways is proposed as a possible solution to the runway denial problem in Europe. Past efforts to launch aircraft in this manner, including a very successful program conducted by the US Navy to launch the T-2C, F-14, and F-18 aircraft, are reviewed. An analytical study was conducted for the launch of the F-16, F-15, A- 10, A-7D and F-4E from inclined ramps. The takeoff ground roll, stabilizer trim setting, landing gear loads and flight trajectory are reported. The F-15 was selected as a candidate aircraft for a USAF flight test program to be patterned after the Navy program and additional studies were performed. Perturbations in center of gravity, thrust, and ramp exit angle were investigated. A ramp contour was designed for launch of the F-15, F-16, A-7D and A-10 which minimized the length and height of the ramp while maintaining the landing gear loads below 90 percent of their design limit.


Ballistic electron emission microscopy has been used to study thin aluminum oxide tunnel junction barriers formed both by magnetron sputter deposition and thermal evaporation. We have found that the barriers made by oxidation of evaporated Al become fully formed at a significantly thinner mean deposited thickness (∼6 A) than junctions made by sputter deposition. The effective barrier height of the aluminum oxide has been determined to be 1.22±0.05 eV and is independent of the method of deposition, thickness, and oxidation conditions.


In this note we explore the welfare properties of the cost effectiveness criterion as an instrument to improve the appropriateness of health care. We show that such instrument is optimal only under specific assumptions relating to the shape of the welfare function and the utility of health care.


The most important single technical consideration in the treatment of cancer of the colon is as complete removal of the lymphatic drainage by as complete resection of the mesentery of the cancer‐bearing bowel segment as is feasible. Measures to minimize cancer cell contamination of the cancer bed, the anastomosis, adjacent viscera, or abdominal wall are fundamental to good cancer surgical technique. Steps to minimize cancer emboli through vascular channels either by early ligation or by minimal manipulation of the tumor should be practiced in so far as feasible but should not interfere with the primary essential of wide removal of the mesentery of the cancer‐bearing bowel segment.


An angel investor is a High Net worth individual who provides seed capital for the startups for a consideration of certain percentage of equity holdings in the investing entity. Certain Angle investors are investing in the required entities through internet by themselves or through investment bankers or through personal contacts. The term "angel" originally comes from Broadway theater, where it was used to describe wealthy individuals who provided money for theatrical productions that would otherwise have had to shut down. Angel investors are pensioners who got interest in investment or senior professionals, who are venturing in to business activities by sheer passion. These include the professionals who are in touch with latest business developments on regulatory angle or in a particular nature of business and intent to utilize their expertise on their own convenience. The professional angels not only provided funding but also offer technical guidance and sharing their references and contacts. As it is a form of informal way of funding the investors will source the investments through contacts and forums and attending seminars/conferences.


With taking many measures of combating land desertification in the past decades, the distinct effects have been achieved in Yulin Prefecture of Shaanxi Province in northwestern China. The objective of this study was to monitor and analyze the dynamic changes of desertification in the regions in the 14 years from 1986 to 2000 using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS), so as to derive the useful references for the restraining land desertification and the further fathering sandy land in the future. According to the surface landscape indices, the sandy land was divided into four types, such as shifting sandy land, semi-shifting sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land, and the desertified land had been divided into light level desertified, moderate level desertified, severe level desertified and heavily level desertified corresponding. The data of sandy land in these two dates were interpreted and obtained by interpreting the images of TM in 1986 and 2000 with the visually interactive interpretation. The data of dynamic changes of reversing from sandy land and desertified land were obtained by overlaying databases in these two periods. The study results show that there was 29,523 ha of newly deserified land occurred, and most of the newly desertified lands are heavily severe desertified grades. At the same time, 104,896 ha of desertified land were rehabilitated. As a result, the desertified decreased by 75,373ha kept a stable reversed situation as a whole during the 14-year periods.


Julia Hubbard, professor of clinical health education, explains how digital cardiac rehabilitation programmes could help to improve uptake and reduce pressure on emergency services.


The aim of this study is to consider the results of the aneurysms treated in our unit in the last years. The results of a given treatment are very difficult to evaluate if a series of prior assumptions have not been made, i.e., the goals of treatment, patient selection, and so on. This is particularly true if alternative treatments are available and if, as in the present work, the cases are recruited over a relatively long time with respect to the time of evolution of the technique. Two techniques were used, occlusion of the parent vessel with secondary thrombosis of the aneurysm and selective occlusion of the aneurysm with coils.


May 2011 marked two years of peace in Sri Lanka. The killing of Tamil rebel chief Velupillai Prabhakaran by government troops on 18 May 2009, led to the defeat of the LTTE and the end of the civil war fought intermittently since 1983. The war had not allowed development especially in the war zone and caused widespread destruction of the economy for twenty-six years. Although the government has engaged in the resettlement of internally displaced persons and refugees and in developing the economy, its approach towards a political settlement of the majority–minority question remains unclear. While a political dialogue towards a settlement of the ethnic question is nowhere in sight, the unmistakable signs of a rapidly advancing autocracy being imposed on a democratic polity has heightened a sense of uncertainty about the future of the country—making it difficult to foretell what lies ahead.


John Abele, M.D. of clinical and cytologic findings required by the approach of Abele et al. may not be possible in the majorDepartment of Pathology University of California ity of practice settings. For a significant number of pathologists, aspiration smears or cytospins are subSan Francisco, California; Outpatient Pathology Associates mitted for interpretation without comprehensive clinical information. Clearly in this setting a cytologic Sacramento, California Michael W. Stanley, M.D. definition of adequacy is necessary. Based on our results and those of Sneige, we believe a requirement Department of Pathology Hennepin County Medical Center for a minimum number of cell clusters (approximately six) represents a rational and conservative approach Minneapolis, Minnesota Susan D. Rollins, M.D., FAIC to determining specimen adequacy. We do admit that the approach of Abele et al. may be optimal when the Outpatient Cytology Center, P.C. Johnson City, Tennessee aspirator and cytopathologist are the same individual. Their studies support such a view. However, such an Theodore R. Miller, M.D. Department of Pathology optimal setting is not the norm in the U.S. Of equal interest is the relative inaccuracy of clinical judgment University of California San Francisco, California regarding the probability of malignancy in a breast nodule. Several studies have shown that clinical palpation can be inaccurate in as many as 33% of cases. Even when optimal practice procedures are followed for fine-needle aspiration of the breast, clinical judgAuthor Reply ment and palpation of the nodule may be insufficient to establish an acellular smear as representative of a We appreciate the letter to the editor by Abele et al. concerning our article. Abele et al. have highbreast mass. A second and equally important concern is the lighted one of the more controversial aspects of the diagnosis of breast nodules by fine-needle aspiration implication of Abele et al.'s proposal on the reliability of the triple diagnosis method. In its purest form the cytology. The recent National Cancer Institute-sponsored conference in Bethesda developed a uniform triple diagnosis method requires the independent assessment of the clinical, mammographic, and cytoapproach to breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy that did not include a minimum number of cells as a critelogic findings. In each case an impression is generated independently and the three subsequently are correrion for specimen adequacy. Other authors and ourselves believe that such a criterion is necessary if an lated to establish a diagnostic impression with maximum accuracy. At the heart of this technique is the unacceptable number of false-negative diagnoses is to be avoided. The disagreement between ourselves and independent assessment of each component. The cytologic component must purely be based on cytologic Abele et al. is both philosophic and practical. Their position is that adequacy of fine-needle aspiration cyfindings. The final assessment and recommendations are based on the three components that generally are tology of the breast only can be evaluated by combining both the clinical findings associated with the lesion correlated by the clinician. The direct implication of the proposal of Abele et al. is that the clinical impresand the technical quality of the material obtained. In the appropriate clinical setting, they will assess a sion of benignancy would be used to classify an acellular smear as adequate, which then would be correlated smear as adequate despite the complete absence of cellular material. Such an approach assumes an exwith the mammographic and clinical findings to establish a benign diagnosis. In this instance, a small and ceedingly close correlation of clinical and cytologic findings. Such a correlation only may be achievable nonsampled adenocarcinoma could result in a falsenegative diagnosis. In our opinion, the cytologic imwhen the cytopathologist also is the aspirator. We find such an approach to specimen adequacy pression should be based purely on cytologic findings. Subsequent correlation with the clinical impression is of concern on two levels. First, the majority of fineneedle aspirates of breast performed within the U.S. of utmost importance. If clinical findings are sufficient to classify an acellular smear as adequate what was appear to be obtained by surgeons rather than pathologists. In a recent survey, we found that approximately the purpose of obtaining the fine-needle aspiration in the first place? 75% of breast aspirates were performed by surgeons and not cytopathologists. Moreover a majority of reAbele et al. raise an important issue concerning our study: the exclusion of false-negative results due spondents performedõ50 aspirates per year with 33% performing õ25 per year. Hence, the close correlation to interpretive errors. Contrary to their assertion, we


This book wraps up a decade of team experience of local professionals with MSU staff and students in the adaptation of marketing technology to "foodsheds" in Puerto Rico, Northeast Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Costa Rica. The book is an important element in the tool kit of development specialists faced with practical challenges of identifying opportunities for improving agricultural production and distribution systems in developing countries, designing strategies and devising systematic coordinating mechanisms for implementation of projects consistent with national goals and priorities, and "marketing" the reforms to the concerned publics. Based on the belief that a question well asked is half the answer, the authors summarize seven common marketing system development problems that keep rural marketing costs high and make coordination difficult:


A high effective method inspecting moroxydine hydrochloride in paddy soil was established. Mixture solution of acetone-watersaturated Na Cl(60∶5∶5, volume ratio) was employed to vibrate and extract with the moroxydine hydrochloride in paddy soil, which had many merits such as: needness to purify; less/none impurity noise; less usage of organic solvent and low cost. When the concentration of standard moroxydine hydrochloride solution was in the range 0.10 ~10.08 mg/L, the peak area( y, m AU) fits good linearly with the concentration value, with the linear regression equation was: Y=160.83 X+2.516 4, the correlation coefficient R2=0.999 2. When the concentration was in the range of 0.10~3.0 mg/kg, the average recovery rate was 84.7%~91.7%, and the RSD was 4.0% ~ 6.6%. The half-life dissipation of moroxydine hydrochloride is 8.07~13.62 d in the three pilot paddy fields.


Objective To investigate the effect of indomethacin-a kind of NSAIDs on BGC-823 to indetificate that NSAIDs is valuable drug for prevention of gastroinstential tumor. Methods The apoptosis of BGC-823 was examined by DNA ladder and flow cytometry asssy and the proliferlication of BGC-823 was studied by MTT assay. Results The results of LDH leakage, flow cytometry assay and DNA ladder showed that: IND could induced the apoptosis of BGC-823 in a dose- depend manner. MTT assay showed that the proliferlication of BGC-823 IND was significantly (p0.05) inhibit by IND.Conclusions The study indicate that NSAIDs could be effective and feasible drug for prevention and therapy of gastroinsteral tumor.


Conventional descriptions of synonymous items often concentrate on common semantic traits and the degree of semantic overlap they exhibit. Their aim is to offer classifications of synonymy rather than elucidating ways of establishing contextual meaning equivalence and the cognitive prerequisites for this. Generally, they lack explanations as to how synonymy is construed in actual language use. This paper investigates principles and cognitive devices of synonymy construction as they appear in corpus data, and focuses on questions of how meaning equivalence might be conceptualised by speakers.


This paper studies differential settlements of pavement constructed over soft soil foundation. With the view of pavement functional and structural indexes, the allowable differential settlement of pavement constructed over soft soil foundation is given about 0.4%. The allowable differential settlements have practical value on the construction of pavement over soft soil foundation.


The present research work, which evaluates a treatment plant at laboratory scale of the effluent of the INPEC WWTP for its safe reuse in irrigation, it responds to a management need and efficient use of the water as the law 373 of 1997 requires, and as an adaptation measure to climate change face up to droughts every time stronger that threaten the agricultural and agro-industrial productivity of the Department of Casanare. There were contemplated three general phases of the project, the first phase consisting in the characterization and analysis of both microbiological and physicochemical parameters of the effluent, for which there were realized a compound sampling and parameters measurement in situ and of laboratory in the National head office of the UNAD, of these analyses it was possible to establish an evaluation of the efficiency of the INPEC WWTP, which was optimum for dumping according to the resolution 631 of 2015, but for reuse not met with microbiological parameters since there were total coliforms in the residual water that was using in the irrigation sprinklers. The second phase corresponded to the design and construction of the system to laboratory scale of the artificial wetland and disinfection with chlorine, for this phase was carried out the plant assembly at laboratory scale in glass, and it was used as an inert substrate gravel and as an organic substrate rice husk, and vetiver grass was planted (C. zizanioides) as phytoremediator. The system was operated for a month and a half to continuous flow, a daily monitoring of the output flow was carried out by means of capacity to keep the hydraulic retention time set, and the correct growth of the plants was checked. The disinfection with chlorine was designed from a test of demand of chlorine and for the corresponding assembly it was installed a dripping system.

In the third phase were carried out 4 samples in situ and 2 laboratory analysis in which were obtained as result a removal percentage of BOD5 of the 73, 25%, improvement on the conductivity of a 72.5% without chlorination, the wetland during its development presented some changes in dissolved oxygen (absent from the output), increase of alkalinity, hardness and the sulfites and decrease of organic matter, in the last laboratory results where it was assessed the treatment with chlorination there were increase in conductivity and total elimination of fecal coliforms; However, the quality of the water from the effluent of the INPEC WWTP had improved significantly, therefore, the system did not operate in its ideal conditions.


This article regards the "demographic dividend" caused by demographic transition as an additional source of savings growth. The article first introduces the international standard population division and defines the existence of "demographic dividend" in China. Then, with the help of the Leff model, the relationship between the total dependency ratio, the child dependency ratio, the old-age dependency ratio, the economic growth rate and the huge savings of China is revealed. The empirical research shows that the total dependency ratio, the child dependency ratio, the old-age dependency ratio and the economic growth rate Both have a significant impact on savings, and the impact of total dependency ratio, child dependency ratio, and old-age dependency ratio on savings is more significant than economic growth. Finally, it is proposed that increasing the accumulation of human capital is an effective way to turn China's huge savings into investment.


Process for preparing bisulfate (+) - (S) -Clopidogrel form I comprising: (a) contacting (+) - (S) -Clopidogrel with sulfuric acid solution in ethyl acetate to formarbisulfato of (+ ) - (S) -Clopidogrel form I; and (b) isolating bisulfate (+) - (S) -Clopidogrel form I.


Machine learning models serve as a powerful new technique for detecting malware. However, they are extremely vulnerable to attacks using adversarial examples. Machine learning models that classify Windows Portable Executable (PE) files are challenging to attack using this method due to the difficulty of manipulating executable file formats without compromising their functionality. In this paper, our objective is to propose and develop advanced attacks against models such as MalConv, which forgo feature engineering in favor of ingesting the entire executable file as a raw byte sequence. We will attempt to discover attack methods that are much more sophisticated and difficult to detect than current methods that simply append large amounts of specially-crafted byte sequences to the end of the PE file.


Exception from informed consent (EFIC) regulations for research in emergency settings contain unique requirements for community consultation and public disclosure. These requirements address ethical challenges intrinsic to this research context. Multiple approaches have evolved to accomplish these activities that may reflect and advance different aims. This scoping review was designed to identify areas of consensus and lingering uncertainty in the literature.


Based on the Warren's interface theory of liquid-solid interfacial energy for complicated compatible binary and pseudo binary systems,a physical model for the liquid-solid free interfacial energy that has been simplified at the theoretical level was obtained by taking the Pb-Al liquid-solid binary system as an example.A theoretical formula with two variables was then obtained by deducing a thermodynamic equation,and the calculational values and the experimental values by multiphase equilibrium method(MPE) were compared.Finally,research on a Pb-Al binary liquid-solid system showed that the calculated liquid-solid interfacial free energy(γSL) values from the model provided a result similar to the experimental measurement with a low average error.The calculated values only depend on the temperature and the Al concentration.A foundation to calculate γSL for other systems has therefore been established.


The geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) caused by geomagnetic storms can inflict the anomalous operation of power systems, damaging electrical equipment, or even resulting in a large-area blackout of power systems. Therefore, to reduce the impact of GIC and avoid severe disasters has been a major challenge for the development of large-scale power grids. Considering the fact that geoelectric field may have random orientation in mid-low-latitude areas, this paper employs GIC-Benchmark model, to calculate the GIC of East-China 1000kV ultra-high voltage (UHV) and 500kV extra-high voltage (EHV) power grids under a uniform geoelectric-field of 1V/km. We further analyze the characteristics and the pattern of GIC in UHV power grid and identify high-risk nodes which can be vulnerable to GIC encroachment. Then we propose installing additional resistors in the transformer neutral points of high-risk nodes to even the GIC distribution in whole networks, and make the theoretical calculation of GIC in East-China 1000kV power grid after installation. The results show that the principle of GIC-even distribution can reduce edge effect remarkably, which works well in mid-to-low- latitude areas at least, thus we expect to avoid space weather disaster in power grids with power operation scheduling and other mitigation methods.


Selective dissolution of homogeneous alloys (dealloying) is a promising nanotech method of synthesis of nanostructured materials with increased catalytic activity. The process leads to irreversible decomposition of the solid solution or intermetallide realized under conditions of anodic polarization or corrosion in an oxidizing medium. It allows both to increase the amount of a substance participating in a heterogeneous reaction because of the growth of the reaction surface, and to intensify the electrocatalytic process itself due to the structural-energetic activation of the surface. The material synthesized by selective dissolution at subcritical potentials is characterized by the morphological stability of the surface. The increased defectiveness of the nonequilibrium surface layer and its enrichment by the electropositive component are the main factors in the catalytic effect rise of such modified alloys. At the same time, the role of the structural-vacancy disorder in the surface layer of an alloy in the kinetics of electrode processes as a whole is not unambiguous and depends on the reaction nature. Selective dissolution of homogeneous alloys under overcritical potentials (dealloying) leads to formation of microand nanoporous metals with the substantially increased surface area and catalytic activity. The main product of chemical etching of an alloy in an aggressive environment is a dispersed powder with an uncontrolled pore and particle size, whereas electrochemical dealloying is characterized by a number of adjustable parameters including composition, potential, and temperature, variation of which gives a possibility to synthesize nanoporous metals with variable chemical composition, morphological properties, and multimodal structure. The nanopores are not stable and coalesce with changing temperature, potential and the electrolyte composition via surface diffusion mechanism. The most complete characterization of nanoporous metals formed by dealloying include description of their chemical, physical, mechanical, magnetic and optical properties, and is necessary for optimization of their application in catalysis, electrochemical energetics, and micromechanics.


The load power range of modern processors is greatly enlarged because many advanced power management techniques like dynamic voltage frequency scaling, Turbo boosting, and Near Threshold Voltage technologies are incorporated. However, the power saving may be offset by power loss in power delivery; moreover, as the efficiency of power delivery varies greatly with different load conditions, conventional power delivery designs cannot maintain high efficiency over the entire voltage range. We propose SuperRange, a wide operational range power delivery scheme. SuperRange complements the power delivery capability of on-chip voltage regulator and off-chip voltage regulator. Experimental results show SuperRange has an average 70% power conversion efficiency over wide operational range which outperforms conventional power delivery schemes. And it also exhibits superior resilience to power-constrained systems.


In Bolivia, the second part of the twentieth century has been punctuated by multiple upheavals (demographic transition, agrarian revolution, closing-down of mines) with numerous impacts on the population growth and distribution. In the Occidente (West) – cold and arid areas of the Andes – the countryside has been emptied and the historical cities reinforced. In the Oriente (East) – hot and humid valleys and plains – agricultural colonisation, together with the appearance of new settlements, present contrasting dynamics. The department of Tarija – in the Southeast of the country – is not only a privileged observatory of these changes, but also presents its own migratory movements due to its proximity with Argentina and the discovery of significant gas deposits. Using new migration surveys carried out during the 2001-2002 period, this research aims to study the causes and consequences of the recent evolution of settlement patterns. It is correspondingly supported by urban and rural studies related to areas situated both in the central Andes valleys and in the foothills, bordering with the Chaco plain.


The report describes the travel time of marked yearling and sub-yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), sockeye salmon (O. nerka), and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) between points within the system, and reports the arrival timing and duration of the migrations for these species as well as coho salmon (O. kisutch). A final listing of 1984 hatchery releases is also included. 8 refs., 26 figs., 20 tabs.


Based on the analysis of the special requirements for the valve of the high pressure water jet,this paper describes one novel designation of the pressure regulation valve.The paper mainly focuses on the selecting material and the structure.


In this paper, we present a novel acoustic touch sensing technique called Touch & Activate. It recognizes a rich context of touches including grasp on existing objects by attaching only a vibration speaker and a piezo-electric microphone paired as a sensor. It provides easy hardware configuration for prototyping interactive objects that have touch input capability. We conducted a controlled experiment to measure the accuracy and trade-off between the accuracy and number of training rounds for our technique. From its results, per-user recognition accuracies with five touch gestures for a plastic toy as a simple example and six hand postures for the posture recognition as a complex example were 99.6% and 86.3%, respectively. Walk up user recognition accuracies for the two applications were 97.8% and 71.2%, respectively. Since the results of our experiment showed a promising accuracy for the recognition of touch gestures and hand postures, Touch & Activate should be feasible for prototype interactive objects that have touch input capability.


Abstract The day-after recall test is assessed for reliability and validity. It is concluded that context effects such as test-retest, program, and others are not necessarily evidence of unreliability. Instead, these effects appear to indicate the sensitivity of the test to programming environment and market dynamics. Test standardization is advocated to avoid potentially misleading results under such circumstances, and multivariate research to explore simultaneous sources of variation. In addition, sample sizes should be increased and the test conducted among members of the target population. Assuming that an objective of a commercial is to increase awareness of or attention to the brand, evidence is provided to suggest that day-after recall is a valid test. Validating the recall test against criteria subject to the consequences of other advertising and marketing decisions, however, does not appear appropriate; at least it should not be done without controlling for the effects of these other variables.


The Biblical quotation above is an ancient example of attempting to make meteorological predictions based on empirical observations. The idea it contains tends to work as a forecasting scheme, and it has been expressed in many different ways in the subsequent 2,000 years. it is one of many sayings and rhymes of folklore that provide a qualitative description of the weather. In the 17th century, the introduction of instruments to measure atmospheric variables meant that meteorology became a quantitative science. By the 19th century meteorological data was being collected all over Europe. It was during the 1800s that many scientists began lamenting the fact that the collection of meteorological data had far outpaced attempts to analyse and understand this data (Lempfert 1932). Attempts had been to find patterns in tables of meteorological, but these had usually ended in failure. One example is the efforts to link weather to celestial motions made by the Palatine Mteorological Society of Mannheim (the World's first such society) in the late 18th century. The breakthrough came when scientists began plotting the growing meteorological database on maps; the tendency of mid-latitude low-pressure systems to advance eastward was discovered: clouds in the west provide a red sky at dawn before bringing bad weather, clouds in the east redden the sky at sunset before making way for clear skies. The discovery of mid-latitude eastward flow not only explained the success of ancient folk wisdom, combined with the telegraph it also provided a means to extend predictability beyond the horizon. The late 19th and early 20th century saw many efforts to identify cycles in time series of weather data. One the most prolific cycle seekers, and ultimately one of the few successful ones, was Sir Gilbert Walker. Walker collated global weather data and spent years seeking correlations (Walker 1923, 1924, 1928, 1937, Walker and Bliss 1932) During this work he discovered that the pressure i,n Tahiti and in Darwin were anti-correlated. This discovery withstood the subsequent tests and is called the "Southern Oscillation". It is now known to be the atmospheric component of El Nine-Southern Oscillation climate phenomenon. Many other claims for the existence of weather cycles were made, but few withstood the scrutiny of statistical tests of robustness. By the 1930s, mainstream meteorology had largely given up attempting to forecast the state of the atmosphere using statistical approaches based solely on data (Nebeker 1995). Since then, estimates of the recurrence time of the atmosphere have implied that globally


The finite-difference (FD) method described here is specially developed to model high-frequency Rayleigh-wave propagation in near-surface mediums. Although many FD programs existed for earthquake research and oil exploration, none has been developed to model high-frequency Rayleigh-wave propagation in near-surface elastic mediums when the source and all receivers are on the free-surface. The scheme described here uses the second-order staggered grid, based on a set of first-order differential equations. Special implementations of combined elastic and acoustic free-surface conditions were developed, which were originally derived from surface wave propagation in a transversely isotropic medium. A combination of one-way sponge filtering and anisotropic filtering methods was used to minimize Rayleigh-wave reflections from artificial boundaries. Numerical stability was achieved by using a small spatial grid size and time step. This new FD method was tested and proved satisfactory using dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in a homogenous and layered half-space. The present study provides a practical tool for improving the confidence and uniqueness of deriving 2D interpretation of high-frequency Rayleigh-wave data, and makes successful in the first phase to 2D inversion.


A theory of vibrational relaxation in liquids is presented in which the vibrations are loosely coupled to a bath or lattice of molecular translations and rotations by intermolecular forces. Using the second-order perturbation expressions familiar from magnetic resonance the secular contribution to the line width is calculated. Different coupling paths are considered and expressions given for the line widths in a liquid mixture in terms of number densities and diffusion coefficients valid when reorientation is slow and translation diffusional.


The insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) gene is a structural gene associated with the growth and development of the animals. The present investigation was carried out to study DNA polymorphism by PCR-RFLP of IGFBP-3 gene in four Egyptian local sheep breeds and its comparison with Indian sheep breeds. Genomic DNA was isolated from a total of 20 animals from four Egyptian breeds of sheep namely Rahmani, Ossimi, Awassi, and Barki. A fragment of IGFBP-3 gene, comprising of a part of exon 2, complete intron 2, exon 3, and a part of intron 3, was amplified. The amplified fragment was found to be 654 bp in sheep as compared to earlier reports of 651 bp in cattle and 655 bp in buffalo. On digestion of 654 bp with Hae III restriction enzyme yielded single restriction pattern of five fragments of sizes 201, 201, 87, 67, 57 in all the animals belonging to the four Egyptian breeds studied revealing absence of polymorphism in those four Egyptian sheep breeds. On comparison, this fragment was monomorphic in Indian sheep breeds and buffalo ,while it was reported to be polymorphic in cattle.


Recombination is hard to understand in darwinian terms when the process is identified with the production of crossover chromosomes. As an alternative explanation I propose instead that biased conversion is the primary function of meiotic recombination. In particular I show that a conversion process directed against the most common type of genetic damage can substantially reduce the mutational load, even if the conversion force is weak and if the conversion process occasionally creates new mutations.


Nanometer zinc prepared by the arc was used in the present study.It was oxidized by laying in the air.The micro-structure,oxygen content and oxygen atom position in oxidized nanometer zinc were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),high-resolution electron microscopy(HRTEM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and EDX.Furthermore,the variation of oxygen content with time in the oxidized nanometer zinc and as-received nanometer zinc was also studied.The results showed that the effective size of oxidized nanometer zinc was about 100nm,and oxidation process was conducted on the surface.On the other hand,the oxygen content in oxidized nanometer zinc reduced by comparing with that laying in the air at the same time.


This Article examines the origins of multi-jurisdictional deal litigation — the growing phenomenon of stockholder claims relating to the same proposed transaction being filed not only in the target company's state of incorporation (oftentimes, Delaware), but also in other locations, such as where the company's principal place of business is located (usually, a non- Delaware forum). The Article examines the many costs, risks and problems associated with multi-jurisdictional litigation, as well as the methods being used by defendants to manage a plaintiff-driven problem that has no easy solution. The Article also explores how the Delaware Court of Chancery — regarded by many as the most renowned business court in the world — has approached the multi-jurisdictional litigation issue, and identifies potential solutions for parties, counsel and the courts to consider. The authors ultimately advocate that though there is no perfect solution, the best approach would be one in which the common law acknowledges claims involving the internal affairs of a corporation, including those arising out of a proposed transaction, be raised solely in, and addressed by, courts in the state of incorporation.


OBJECTIVE
To develop a blood-based test for screening populations at risk for Alzheimer disease.

DESIGN
Case-control study. Subjects A total of 180 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 105 age-matched, cognitively normal controls.

INTERVENTIONS
The titer of beta-amyloid 1-42 autoantibodies in the plasma was obtained at the time of diagnosis and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after dissociation of the antigen-antibody complexes. A total of 107 patients with MCI were followed up for 36 months; 70 of the 107 cases progressed to Alzheimer disease.

RESULTS
The average level of beta-amyloid 1-42 plasma autoantibodies in patients with MCI that progressed to Alzheimer disease, but not that of the stable cases, was significantly higher than in cognitively normal controls (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest that the plasma beta-amyloid 1-42 autoantibodies parallel beta-amyloid 42 deposition in the brain, which is known to precede by several years the clinical onset of Alzheimer disease. The evaluation of beta-amyloid 1-42 autoantibodies after dissociation of the complexes is a simple and inexpensive method that can be used to predict the occurrence of Alzheimer disease.


An apparatus for fixing a bobbin to a printed circuit board for use in a transformer includes a receiving hole formed in the printed circuit board, a size of which is minutely larger than that of the bobbin to hold the bobbin, and a horizontal support portion formed at the pins of the bobbin in parallel relation to an upper surface of the printed circuit board, for allowing the bobbin to be supported on the upper surface of the printed circuit board when the bobbin is inserted into the receiving hole. Accordingly, the apparatus for fixing the bobbin to the printed circuit board for use in the transformer can make the installation height of the transformer installed on the printed circuit board slim, thereby decreasing a thickness of the electronic product employing the transformer 10 and thus improving convenience in use.


ABSTRACT From the 50s to the 70s Gian Carlo Fusco was one of the most significant Italian journalists. In recent years, his writings are the subject of a rediscovery, even if the critical examination often does not go beyond the superficiality of his public figure. His cinematographic collaborations, in particular, are almost unknown. They are only considered from an anecdotal point of view. This article examines a part of Fusco's screenplays. It starts with Le avventure di Pinocchio; it examines the collaboration with Tinto Brass (considering also some unrealized projects); and finally the films concerning fascism and the Second World War, one of the most recurring topics of interest for Fusco. Although the film commitments have been very often dictated by random and contingent circumstances, they reveal a tension that is fundamental in the life and work of Fusco. On the one hand, the attraction for "dissipation" (dépense). On the other hand, the feeling of sympathy for the "dark men" (uomini oscuri) and their daily toil.


Summary: the author has analyzed the variability at 3 (three) plant species, namely: Silene supina Bieb., Alkanna tinctoria Tausch, Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. After this analyze, there are two new subspecies, depicted here for the first time: Silene supina Bieb. subsp. longicarpa Ciocârlan subsp. nova si Alkanna tinctoria Tausch subsp. petrosa Ciocârlan subsp. nova. As concerning Himantoglossum, there is a mention that in the flora of Romania is growing H. hircinum subsp. caprinum (Bieb.) Sunderm., and not H. hircinum subsp. hircinum. In this paper, is showed that a synonymyzation of the species S. supina Bieb. with S. spergulifolia (Willd.) Bieb. is an error ! The same is the situation of the synonymy between Himantoglossum hircinum (L.) Spreng. si H. caprinum (Bieb.) Sundern.


There is little empirical research that examines the effects of marketing orientation on the two most important relationship marketing concepts, namely trust and commitment. In this paper, the sponsorship relationship is the focus of an empirical investigation aimed at uncovering the potential effect of market orientation, exhibited by both parties of the sponsorship dyad, upon trust and commitment. By selecting the leading sponsorship property in Australia, the Australian Football League, the majority of key Australian sponsors were included in this study, allowing the authors to draw managerial implications of direct relevance to other sponsors and properties aiming to secure long lasting sponsorship relationships.


A multi-objective optimization case study of maximization and minimization of energy generation and noise propagation is considered here. A novel hybrid methodology, as a combination of probabilistic variable decomposed multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (VdRBNSGA-II) and the newly developed deterministic gradient based Pareto frontier construction approach (nD-NNC), has been proposed to determine the optimum layout of turbines (numbers and locations) inside a wind farm. In contrast to previous case studies, the proposed approach is able to yield the alternative energy-noise solutions along with the additional information on corresponding turbine layouts (numbers and locations) on a single Pareto front. As a result, it provides a decision maker with an ample of choices to choose from different competing solutions based on the existing standards and guidelines.


OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Acorus gramineus Soland..METHODS The oil was obtained by steam distillation.GC-MS method was adopted to separate and identify the chemical components.The relative contents in the oil were determined by area normalization.RESULTS About 86 peaks have been separated and 77 compounds have been identified.The composition of the highest content is Estragole and is about 42.99%.CONCLUSION The experiment provided scientific basis for better development and utilization of Sichuan folk medicine Acorus gramineus Soland..


Patients with a 70–99% stenosed carotid artery will undergo surgery to prevent rupture of the plaque. However, the degree of stenosis does not determine the vulnerability of the plaque, since vulnerability depends on the plaque's morphology, mechanical properties and the force acting on the plaque. Mechanical models of the carotid artery can improve decision-making of the surgeon by quantifying and mapping wall stress and strain. In this study, a method was developed to obtain the 3D geometry of the carotid artery by a 'slow' sweep over the neck (5 cm) using 2D ultrasound. Rather than using a 3D ultrasound probe, the high axial and temporal resolution are maintained.


Jurisdiction — Territorial Limits of — Foreign Confiscatory Decrees — Effect of — Debt Owed to Victim of Confiscation — Debtor in Country of Forum — Assignment of Claim by Victim of Confiscation to Assignee in Country of Forum — Whether Assignee Entitled to Payment — The Law of Germany. Recognition of Legislative Acts of Foreign States — Confiscatory Decree — Effect of Decree in Country of Forum — Debt Owed to Victim of Confiscation — Debtor in Country of Forum — Assignment of Claim by Victim of Confiscation to Assignee in Country of Forum — Whether Assignee Entitled to Payment — The Law of Germany.


Data on physiological parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, erythrocyte count and size, organ weights, body-water weight, plasma and blood volumes are given for hatchery-raised Salmo gairdnerii. Methods for obtaining the above data using fingerlings varying in weight from 9 to 29 g are discussed. Mean values reported are as follows: hematocrit 31.8; hemoglobin 6.51 g/100 ml blood; R.B.C. count 1.11 million/mm3; R.B.C. length 14.67 μ. Kidney, liver, and spleen weights as well as total body water, and plasma and blood volumes were found to be statistically valid factors of body weight. Straight-line regression equations are given for each. A comparison of these data with recent summaries of similar data is given and possible reasons for discrepancies are discussed.


The standardization of government information resources plays an important role in developing E-government.On the basis of China′s actual situation and western experience,standardization of government information resources should start from information resource standardization system,information infrastructure,technology platform for information application and evaluation system of information resources.It should be implemented uniformly in the specified route.


The map-holder cabinet belongs to the Pannonhalma Benedictine Abbey; it contains 13 maps made by C. F. Weiland. The restoration included not only the cabinet with its metal fittings and molds, but that of the maps as well. The author describes the process of dismounting, cleaning, passivation, completion as well as the steps taken to prevent further damage. The restored map-holder cabinet is ready to be used again in the educational activities of the Abbey.


Several countries have enacted laws condemning or forbidding the practice of female genital mutilation that has accompanied immigrants or refugees from countries where the practice is prevalent. In the past 20 years, Denmark has received almost 9000 Somali refugees, and 1000 of these are girls at risk of female genital mutilation. Since 1992, the Danish Medical Women's Association has been conducting workshops on female genital mutilation for health professionals and refugee organizations. These sessions stress how important it is for obstetricians and midwives to discuss female genital mutilation with their patients and their patients' husbands through the use of professional interpreters. The workshop leaders also describe the practice and emphasize the fact that no religion requires it. One of the workshop leaders also holds regular discussions for Somali women in their own language. She involves men who have been taught that mutilation is necessary without being told the consequences. Some Danish midwives restitch formerly mutilated patients, but it has been found that very few women request reinfibulation after childbirth if they understand the consequences. There is no indication to date that female genital mutilation has been performed in Denmark, but some refugee girls have been taken elsewhere for the mutilation. The Danish Medical Women's Association has suggested that the Ministry of Justice establish a program of education for refugee parents contemplating the procedure.


Heart diseases cause considerable morbidity and the prognosis after heart failure is poor. An improved understanding of cardiac mechanics is necessary to advance the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. This paper presents techniques for visualizing and evaluating biomedical finite element models and demonstrates their application by using as an example models of a healthy and a diseased human left ventricle. The following contributions are made: we apply techniques traditionally used in solid mechanics and computational fluid dynamics to biomedical data and suggest some improvements and modifications. We introduce a novel algorithm for computing isosurfaces for scalar fields defined over curvilinear finite elements. We obtain new insight into the mechanics of the healthy and the diseased left ventricle and we facilitate the understanding of the complex deformation of the heart muscle by novel visualizations.


Functional residential layout does not only enhance beautification of the built environment but assists in qualitative social and economic sustainability of urban area. The residential area remains an allocated space of the city main for living, sleeping and the carrying out of other domestic as well as recreational activities for the wellbeing of human. The study aims to assess problems of confronting residential layout of Bori, Ogoni with the intention of proffering sustainable solutions. Multi-stage sampling techniques were adopted through the identification of streets, buildings and households. Subsequently, 332 questionnaires were administered targeting heads of households. Findings revealed that Bori residential environment lacks basic urban foundations such as pipe borne water, regular electricity, tarred roads, and workable drainage system. Physical development is found to be uncoordinated as most of the buildings within the study area are outdated and even built without consideration of town planning standards such as setbacks, building sizes and open spaces. Other socioeconomic variables like increasing unemployment, insecurity and other vices are found to be predominant. A review of the 1972 Bori Master Plan should be carried out. Also, urban renewal should be conducted as action area plan to address the growing problems which tend to impede sustainable residential layout in the area.


.......................................................................................................v-vi LIST OF FIGURES..............................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND..........................................1 CHAPTER 2: ESTABLISHING A MORE CLINICALLY RELEVANT MOUSE MODEL OF PATIENT AML AND STANDARD OF CARE CHEMOTHERAPY, TO INVESTIGATE THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ALTERATIONS TO MET/SAM METABOLISM ...................................................................................36 CHAPTER 3: DYSREGULATION OF MET/SAM METABOLISM REGULATE DOT1L EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION; A NOVEL VULNERABILITY IN MLL-FP LEUKEMIA...........................................................................................................62 CHAPTER 4: OVERALL DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY...................................95 STRENTHS AND LIMITATIONS.......................................................................103 FUTURE DIRECTIONS.....................................................................................107 REFERENCES..................................................................................................111 ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................121 CURRICULUM VITAE.......................................................................................123