This paper presents a method for determining and mapping suitable locations for development using Multi Criteria Analysis and the Analytical Hierarchy Process and considering uncertainties in the process. The method is applied to the case study of Howth (Dublin), where development suitability is assessed against specific protection and conservation areas as well as ground water vulnerability. Uncertainty is incorporated using a Monte Carlo simulation into the Analytical Hierarchy Process calculations to determine criteria weightings. A map is derived, which includes, for all locations, both site suitability for development and the level of uncertainty attached to this suitability. The map combines a double categorization of suitability and uncertainty. The method allows for increased transparency in decision making regarding site suitability for development, as well as increased confidence in decision making to allow for reduced risk in terms of the potential impact of development.


Recently near the Eastern Sea of Korea, Japanese maritime self-defense patrol aircraft flight caused a threat between Korea and Japan military and that sparked a military tension. Throughout history, Korea and Japan faced diplomatic issues such as Japanese imperial army comfort women issues, forced workers during the Japanese colonization period and more. The incident between Korea's destroyer and Japanese maritime self-defense patrol aircraft nearby Eastern Sea of Korea is military tension. However, this incident is growing far beyond merely a military tension but is now facing a diplomatic problem which is making the relationship worse. Some experts analyze that the incident happened nearby the East Sea of Korea is Abe's party policy to make generalization turning into great military that are directly related to his political motives. This issue is not simply about between the Korean Navy and Japanese maritime self-defense patrol but it is related to the proper ownership of Dokdo, Japanese maritime territory in the East Sea and Japan's perimeter defense policy. After all, it is about neighboring countries' maritime jurisdiction. Last year, the Japanese government released "Defense Planning Outline" and "Mid-term Defense Power Planning" stating that aircraft carriers remodeling and other attack weapon possession right controversial issues were included in the reports. For this purpose, the defense budget was set at 27 trillion yen, the largest ever, over the next five years. It can be seen as an attempt to secure justification for the Japanese maritime self-defense forces'' military activities in the middle waters between Korea and Japan, where the boundary has not been agreed, and to recognize the need for self-defense forces at home and abroad. Dokdo's strategic value and Korea and Japan's claims factual historical evidence are present in the dissertation. Based on this, justifying for the territorial rights is going to be confirmed. In addition, the dissertation will present the impact of Japan''s defense policy and defense strategy on Korea and how to respond to our maritime security.


Sydney Shoemaker argues that the functionalist theory of mind entails a
psychological-continuity view of personal identity, as well as providing a defense of that view
against a crucial objection. I show that his view has surprising consequences, e.g. that no
organism could have mental properties and that a thing's mental properties fail to supervene
even weakly on its microstructure and surroundings. I then argue that the view founders on
"fission" cases and rules out our being material things. Functionalism tells us little if anything
about personal identity.


It is generally believed that fever is a centrally regulated host defense response produced by as yet not understood actions, predominantly in the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (POA), of certain cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1 [IL11) released peripherally, primarily by activated mononuclear phagocytes.l These endogenous pyrogens are presumed to be transported by the blood to the POA, which they then stimulate. Indeed, it has long been known that the POA has an important regulatory role in the control of body temperature? This brain region contains neurons that are sensitive to changes in their local temperature, namely, warm-sensitive (W) neurons whose activity increases with warming and cold-sensitive (C) neurons whose activity, conversely, increases with cooling.' Excitation of W neurons is associated with heat loss responses, whereas that of C neurons is associated with heat production and conservation responses.' Consistent with the diminished heat loss and enhanced heat production that attend fever production, the administration of pyrogens induces decreased activity of W and increased activity of C neurons in the POA.4 It is therefore supposed that these units are direct targets of the pyrogens; thermosensitive neurons in the POA are indeed sensitive to the direct application of IL-1 and other cytokine~.~. There is, however, a difficulty with th is notion. Being relatively large, watersoluble peptides, cytokines would not be expected to readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) without specific carriers, of which none so far has been identified. On the other hand, they could pass in the circumventricular organs, specialized midline structures that abut the ventricles and lack a BBB.6 We showed previously that the integrity of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), a circumventricular organ located in the center of the POA, is necessary for fever induction by bloodborne pyrogens and suggested, therefore, that it was the portal of entry of cytokines into the POA.7-9 However, in subsequent studies,'O we were unable to substantiate the free passage of IL-1 from the blood into the POA. Consequently, we proposed".'* that, alternatively, circulating cytokines may be detected by sensory elements in the OVLT that, in turn. elicit secondary signals that transduce the original chemical


In this work, photothermal-responsive graphene oxide (GO) based membranes intercalated by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by polydopamine (PDA) modification and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) assembly process. Benefited from the high photothermal conversion ability of PDA and reversible UPy dimer, the permeation flux of GO-based membrane can be easily modulated with a high gating ratio under near-infrared (NIR) light switched off and on. Nanochannels created by the intercalation of MWCNTs into GO layers greatly increase water permeation without sacrificing the rejection of dye molecules in water (96.2% for methyl orange, 98.9% for rhodamine B, and 99.7% for coomassie brilliant blue). The composite membranes also exhibit trade-off between rejection of heavy metal ions (Cu2+ and Fe3+). Moreover, such GO-based membranes show high pH-stabilities, which shows great potential in the water purification applications.


The methods of contact monitoring of conditions of plants are not adapted for large-scale industrial field studies. Satellite monitoring was primarily created to objectively evaluate the prospects of harvesting. The introduction of UAVs has allowed to improve the accuracy of the results to some extent, due to the high resolution of the sensor equipment. In most cases, the prediction is based on standard NDVI stress indexes. However, these studies do not provide information on quantitative yield indicators that farms need in order to optimize logistics and use harvesting equipment. The development of a methodology for interpreting the results of remote monitoring in the form of values of vegetation (stress) indices in the expected volumes of the crop was the goal of the work. Researches were conducted in 2019 in the Kiev region on the production area of winter wheat crops in the separate subdivision of NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". Wheat was harvested using a John Deere 9670STS combine. Data were recorded every second during the combine operation. In this case, more than 14,000 separate sections were obtained with a header width of 9 meters. The data were processed using software product Trimble (R) Farm Works (R) Office and exported as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. A specialized Slantrange 3p spectral system was used for remote monitoring, which was mounted on the DJI Matrice 600 Pro industrial platform. Radio Frequency correction for changes in lighting system was carried out by the standard anti-aircraft sensor. The results were calculated and the stress index maps were constructed using the software of the SlantView system developer.On the basis of the experimental data obtained, was developed a technique to compare the objective harvest data obtained by the harvester in terms of grain count and UAV stress index values. It is suggested to use a stress index, which makes it possible to predict the harvest (the map of the stress indexes was built 2 months before the harvest). Above mentioned allows the farm to optimize the use of ground equipment.


The utility model relates to a sealing structure of a chain case observation hole, which includes a sealing cap, an observation hole plate, a press plate and a short pipe, wherein one end of the sealing cap is connected with the observation hole plate through a hinge, and the press plate is welded to the other end thereof; the short pipe is fixedly welded onto the observation hole plate; and the press plate is connected with the short pipe through a fastening bolt. The sealing structure of the chain case observation hole has reasonable structural design and excellent sealing effect, doesn't influence chain observation, and can be widely applied to the field of chain transmission machinery.


Summary

The crude extracts obtained from the heads of Northern shrimps, Pandalus borealis, (adapted to cold), showed considerable collagenolytic activities. When tested for beef tenderization, resulted in an overdegradation of meat proteins, which was detected organoleptically. Subsequently, four fractions with proteolytic activity were partially purified from the crude extracts by hydroxyapatite followed by MonoQ or Superdex 200 column chromatography. Warner-Bratzler shear force values of steaks treated with three protease fractions (Q, S2, S3) at 10 °C were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control and the enzyme preparations were completely inactivated after mild heat treatment. These results suggest that the potential for Northern shrimp enzymes to be used in industrial processes, particularly in the food industry, is quite large, where working at lower temperatures to prevent undesirable chemical reactions is necessary.


The study was performed to determine oral bioequivalence of generic dexlansoprazole and reference formulation (Dexilant) in healthy dogs. A 2 period crossover balanced design was used with a 7 days washout period between the doses. Dexlansoprazole was analyzed by LC-MS/MS in the presence of omeprazole as internal standard. The mean ratio of parameters Cmax and AUC0-t and 90% confidence intervals of correspondents were calculated to determine the bioequivalence. The means AUC0-t for test and reference formulation were 4094.5 ug/L*h and 3684.9 ug/L*h, for AUC0-∞ were 4137.5 ug/L*h and 3709.6 ug/L*h and, for Cmax 1643.0 ug/L and 1498.2 ug/L, respectively. Geometric mean of the test /reference Pharmaceuticals 30 mg formulation individual percent ratio was 99.3% for AUC0-t, 100.6% for AUC0-∞ and 110.0% for Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals were 84.0% ~ 117.5%, 85.3% ~ 118.7%, 85.0% ~ 142.3%, respectively. It was concluded that pharmacokinetic data for test formulation were similar enough to original innovator, both formulations had the delayed releasing and double peak characteristics in dogs according to the rate and extent of absorption.


Objective To study the CT findings of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and to make a further understanding of the disease. Materials and Methods Clinic and CT data of 2 cases with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis were analyzed retrospectively, CT scan was performed many times in 2 cases, 1 case was reviewed after having stopped smoking for 3 years and another because of repeated pneumothorax.Results CT manifestations of 1 case with earlier stage of PLCH were multiple, micropatchy, nodular, microannular lesion, which were distributed more throughout both upper and middle lung fields and disappeared after he had stopped smoking. CT manifestations of another case with advanced stage of PLCH were multiple, different sized cystoid transparent areas, with some cysts being coalesced together to form honeycomb, which were distributed throughout more in both middle lung fields and caused repeated pneumothorax.Conclusion PLCH has special changes in CT findings, combing CT findings with clinical data for PLCH can make a correct diagnosis.


The Espinhaço Range in Brazil is one of the richest regions in the world in plant species. It is also the main center of diversity and endemism of many taxa, including Paepalanthus. This genus is the second largest in Eriocaulaceae, and the third largest genus of the Brazilian flora. This work aims to survey the Paepalanthus richness in the Central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais. A checklist of 116 Paepalanthus species and two varieties is presented here, with data and comments about richness, endemism, and conservation, together with a new synonym for Paepalanthus bonsai and a new combination for Actinocephalus, both endemic species. Among the 116 recorded species, 56 occur inside at least one Protected Area, 54 are endemic to the Central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, of which 17 are micro-endemic. Ten species known only from the type specimen or poorly known were rediscovered, while 15 species remain known only from the type. The novelties presented here result from extensive and intensive field efforts, but there are areas of difficult access that remain poorly explored. Further investigation in these areas might lead to the discovery of unknown and rare species.


The clinical effect of Bepotastine in patients with Japanese cedar allergy was investigated before and after the start of the pollen season. Symptom score, medication score and symptom-medication score were significantly lower in patients treated before the pollen season than in those treated after it started.These results indicate that Bepotastine is useful for the treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis.


Based on the methylene blue coupled with spectrophotometer method,the concentration of SDS in the solution was determined and the SDS adsorption isotherm on the typical commercial coal-base and wooden activated carbons were measured.Besides,activated carbons were characterized by determination of iodine number and methylene blue number,as well as N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.Then the adsorption capacity of SDS on activated carbons was related with specific surface area and adsorption properties of activated carbons.The results show that the SDS adsorption capacity of activated carbons derived from long flame coal,anthracite,lignite and coconut shell are 390 mg/g,410 mg/g,434 mg/g,459 mg/g,respectively.The specific surface area has little correlation with SDS adsorption capacity,but iodine number and methylene blue number are strongly correlated with SDS adsorption capacity,which can be exploited as a basis for selection of activated carbons in the application for removing sodium dodecyl sulfate from electroplating solution.


It describles the hardship of female psychology and life experience in the whole background of society and the limited situation of family.The women written by Tie Ning have more kind things like mother. The female consciousness includes more of moral,culture and social content However, the natural ability of sex and independent consciousness didn't come into being.According to the development of literature,the thought of modern women expriences a course of waking-lost-return-change.


We report a series of polymers with linear, macrocyclic and hyperbranched structures for electroluminescent (EL) applications. The polymers are polycarbazoles (PC) containing different substituents. The polymers are amorphous and are soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran (THF). High optical quality films were obtained by spin-coating from the polymer solutions of chloroform or THF. All these polymers show strong photoluminescence under a UV-lamp illumination. Single and bilayer EL devices consisting of anode/hole transfer layer/electron transfer layer/cathode have been fabricated and characterized. The effects of polymer structures on the energy levels and EL properties are discussed. The results indicated that macrocyclic oligomers and hyperbranched polymers are new candidates for EL devices.


In the Madagascan rainforest, the role of the Velvet Asity Philepitta castanea, an endemic frugivorous bird, in the regeneration of five understory shrub species (Myrsinaceae and Rubiaceae) was examined during the dry season (August to October). Effective dispersal distance was 33.3 m/h. Based on seed retention time in captivity, more than 85.7% of regurgitated seeds and all defecated seeds were estimated to be transported outside the crowns of mother plants. Seeds passed by the Velvet Asity germinated less successfully than unmanipulated (control) seeds in four out of the five species of shrubs. The reduced germination rate of processed seeds was partly due to the non-adapted morphology of the Velvet Asity as a seed disperser, in particular its voluminous, thick-walled, muscular gizzard. The narrow, slightly decurved bill and the semi-tubular tongue with vibrissae at the tip of this bird are normally features of insect- and/or nectar-eaters. Moreover, since manual removal of fruit pulp decreased the germination rate of seeds, the shrub species studied may not have developed adaptations for seed dispersal by animals. The most probable explanation for this situation is that the Velvet Asity has shifted relatively recently to occupy the niche of a fruit-eater of the understory and as yet insufficient time has passed for a sophisticated relationship with fruiting plants to have coevolved.


This paper presents the design of an optimal non-linear position tracking controller for a two-link flexible joint robot manipulator. The controller is designed based on the concept of exact feedback linearization and LQG/LTR techniques. It is shown that the non-linear robot model is feedback linearizable and a characterization of the set, over which the linearizing transformation is diffeomorphic, is provided. The proposed control approach reduces the number of required measurement sensors and takes into account the effects of measurement noises. A new method for computing the non-linear state estimate is also presented. It takes advantage of the linear structure of the transformed system. Simulation results demonstrate the potential benefits of the proposed control approach in reaching the desired performance with minimum control effort. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Each year more than 200 million patients worldwide have major noncardiac surgical procedures. Many suffer a serious perioperative vascular complication, with myocardial infarction (MI) being the most common. In a study [1] of more than 8,000 patients participating in an international perioperative randomized controlled trial, 5% experienced a perioperative MI within 30 days of their procedure. Most (74%) occurred within 48 hr of surgery and few (35%) were symptomatic. Patients with perioperative MI—whether symptomatic or asymptomatic—were at increased risk for another cardiovascular event and death within 30 days; 11.6% died and most (58%) did so within 48 hr of the MI. Although numerous studies have identified patient and procedural variables associated with an increased risk for perioperative cardiovascular events, few have elucidated the precise pathophysiologic mechanism responsible for perioperative MI or the most effective therapy to prevent it. Two autopsy studies [2,3] with a total of 68 patients reported that approximately half had evidence of coronary plaque rupture, fissure, or hemorrhage that are typical of individuals with an acute coronary syndrome. Conversely, a study [4] of 21 patients who experienced perioperative MI or death after major nonthoracic vascular surgery and had a preoperative coronary angiogram performed within 6 months of the procedure showed that collateralized chronic total occlusions and ''nonobstructive'' lesions were often the cause of MI and death. Thus, the scant available data suggest that coronary thrombosis is a prominent feature of patients with fatal perioperative MI, but ''demand'' ischemia is more prevalent in survivors of perioperative MI. The study by Duvall et al. [5] in this issue of CCI attempted to identify the pathophysiology of perioperative MI by reviewing coronary angiograms of 66 individuals who were suspected to have a perioperative MI that led to coronary angiography as determined by a retrospective review of hospital records. Based on the coronary angiographic findings—the degree of stenosis, TIMI flow, ACC thrombus grade, calcification score, and lesion morphology—the etiology of the perioperative MIs were categorized as demand (55% of patients), thrombotic (26% of patients), or non-obstructive (19% of patients). Interestingly, though the study identified demand ischemia as the predominant etiology of perioperative MI, no difference between groups was noted with regard to the occurrence of prolonged hypotension or tachycardia or the preoperative use of antiplatelet agents, beta blockers, or statins. Compared to previously published studies [2–4], this one [5] has a larger number of patients, few of whom (2%) had a fatal MI. In addition, angiography was performed days after MI—rather than weeks or months before—which is more valuable for determining the cause of the event. The investigation by Duvall et al. [5] also has several limitations. First, the study is retrospective and involved a limited (n 5 66), select, subgroup of patients (i.e., those with symptomatic MI and referred for coronary angiography); not included were patients with silent MI, those considered too ''sick'' (or well) for angiography, and those with fatal MI. Since most (65%) perioperative MIs occur without symptoms [1] and most studies report perioperative mortality rates of 10–25% (5–10 times higher than in the current study), the relevance of the findings of the current study to the general population remains uncertain. Second, since several days elapsed from the MI to coronary angiography (average 3.5 days for all patients, 5.1 days in the demand group, and 1.2 days in the thrombotic group), thrombus formation and subsequent spontaneous lysis in the days prior to angiography may have occurred, which would lead to an overestimation of


Technology and process experts provide unique and dedicated solutions for user ́s current and future challenges using various deposition and surface treatment technologies. One novel holistic approach to tailored solutions is the use of hybrid PVD process technology. The term hybrid processes applies when several processes for the generation of layer-forming particles are combined in a single coating system. HIPAC (High-Ionization Plasma Assisted Coating) sputtering technology, in combination with the APAArc technique (Advanced Plasma Assisted) represents the HI3 (High Ionization Triple) hybrid approach to coated high performance precision tools and components of today, tomorrow and the day after. The present work will highlight the deposition techniques to apply novel micro alloyed hybrid coatings such as patented SIBONICA ((Al,Ti)N/SiBNC(O)). Oxidation tests were carried out at elevated temperatures to show the outstanding properties perfectly adapted for challenging cutting operations of exotic materials. The technical potential for those applications where high thermal stability, high oxidation resistance and low friction are pre-dominant requests are illustrated. This is emphasized by first cutting test results.


In recent papers [10, 11] Krister Segerberg introduced Irrevocable Belief Revision, as closely related to AGM revision [2]. In this paper we present irrevocable belief revision in terms of an epistemic entrenchment relation. 1


Crossopteryx febrifuga is used in Ivorian traditional medicine by populations of Pakouabo village to treat fever. The present study was designed to evaluate the antipyretic activity of an aqueous extract of the stem barks of Crossopteryx febrifuga in wistar rats. The antipyretic activity of Crossopteryx febrifuga was evaluated by brewer's yeastinduced pyrexia in rats in comparison to paracetamol (100 mg/kg body weight). The extract of this plant did not show an hypothermic effect. A very marked antipyretic activity with a percent inhibition of pyrexia of more than 50% was obtained with the extract of Crossopteryx febrifuga at the concentration of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg. The antipyretic activity of this aqueous extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg was identical to that of paracetamol (100 mg/kg). Phytochemical characterization revealed the presence of sterols, polyterpens, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponosides and catechin tannins. These findings suggest the aqueous extract from stem barks of Crossopteryx febrifuga presents significant antipyretic activity on hyperthermia in rats.


In Japan recently large-stone asphalt mixtures have been introduced into the airport asphalt pavement to reinforce the pavement structure. So far they have been used as the base layer and/or the subbase layer materials. To reduce the rutting damages further and to prevent stripping between layers, it is expected to use the large-stone asphalt mixtures as the surface-base layer material. However, the raveling and cracking durability have not been thoroughly clarified. Therefore in the study a series of laboratory tests were conducted on the large stone asphalt mixture to evaluate the raveling and cracking characteristics in detail. For example, raveling tests were conducted to measure the groove deformation. Atmospheric exposure tests were performed to evaluate the asphalt deterioration characteristic. Same tests were also carried out on the conventional type asphalt mixture. Based on the test results, this paper focuses the effects of air void ratio in the large asphalt mixture on the bending strength-deformation, the raveling characteristics and the asphalt deterioration. It is found that there are suitable ranges of air void ratio to match the bending and raveling resistance to those of the conventional type asphalt mixture. Then the paper also suggests the appropriate air void ratio in the large-stone asphalt mixture for the surface-base layer.


The experiments and first realisations of solid-state colour cameras have proved a very promising future for a device which looks particularly adapted to applications such as videocommunication services and home video. In the field of researches on new wideband communication terminals, the C.C.E.T.T. (dept : Production-Presentation des Images) has implemented a real-time digital simulator for the study of various kinds of cameras incorporating 3, 2 or 1 solid-state sensor(s). The purpose of this simulator is mainly the definition of a single-sensor colour camera, considered as being an economical optimum for home-video applications.


Summary
Criteria for assessing staling in liquid cultures of fungi are examined and assays based on the germinative capacity of culture filtrates are considered unsuitable for interpreting the capacity of the same filtrates to support mycelial growth. The interrelationships of nutrient level and growth inhibitors in staling systems are emphasized. The possible importance of both labile and stable metabolites is discussed in relation to staling phenomena.


Let X be a smooth, complex Fano variety. For every prime divisor D in X , consider the image of N1(D) in N1(X) under the push‐forward of one‐cycles, and let c(D) be its codimension in N1(X) . We define an invariant of X as cX:=max{c(D)|DisaprimedivisorinX} . In a previous work [Ann. Sci. École. Norm. Sup. 45 (2012) 363–403], we showed cX⩽8 , and if cX⩾3 , then either X is a product or X has an equidimensional fibration in Del Pezzo surfaces. In this paper, we study the case cX=2 . We show that up to a birational modification given by a sequence of flips, X has either a conic bundle structure or an equidimensional fibration in Del Pezzo surfaces. We also show a weaker property of X when cX=1 .


The Kullback information criterion (KIC) was proposed by Cavanaugh (1999) to serve as an asymptotically unbiased estimator of a variant of Kullback's symmetric divergence between the true and fitted candidate models. It was arguably more sensitive than the criterion based on the directed divergence. However, for a small sample size or if the dimension of candidate model is large relative to the sample size, it displayed a large negative bias. Many authors, Cavanaugh (2004), Seghouane and Bekara (2004), Hafidi and Mkhadri (2006), proposed the criteria to correct this bias, i.e., the corrected versions of KIC called, respectively, in this paper KICc C , KICc SB , and KICc HM . Because they have multiple formulas, the aims of this paper are to unify and examine the performance of them relative to the AIC family of criteria, using theoretical and extensive simulation study methods. The unifications of the criteria based on Kullback's symmetric divergence show that KICc C is closest to the expected estimated symmetric discrepancy and has the strongest penalty function under the condition (1-p/n)exp(p-n)<1, followed, respectively, by KICc SB , KICc HM , and KIC. This result makes KICc C has the highest efficiency even though it is likely to select an underfitted model.


A special cases of generalized gammaThe generalized gamma distribution is one of the most stud-ied probability density functions of statistics since many of theimportant density functions can be derived from it. For example,(1) f(yj(2;0;p2˙)) is the one-sided normal distribution,(2) f(yj(1;n=2 1;2)) is the ˜


Multilayer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-bonded gas diffusion-type electrodes were prepared by the rolling method. Changing the electrode structure and manufacturing method improved alkaline fuel cell performance. Activated carbon or carbon black was used as the support material, with platinum as a catalyst and nickel screen as the backing material. Double-layer electrodes possessed both active and diffusion layers on the backing layer. However, the single-layer electrodes had only the active layer on the backing layer. The electrodes were prepared by using different PTFE contents and platinum loadings. In this study the surface photographs of the electrodes were taken with a scanning electron microscope. Elemental analyses of the surface elements were performed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Electrodes having activated carbon on their surfaces were observed to possess a nonuniform and porous structure. These electrodes showed better performance than electrodes having carbon black, which presented a uniform and nonporous structure.


The article assesses trading activities of the Russian entrepreneur Nikolay Konshin in the late 19th century Persia, which was an important economic partner of the Russian Empire, as the contemporary Islamic Republic of Iran remains for the Russian Federation. Geopolitical turn of Russia from the West to the East makes studying Russia's trading relations with Eastern states, and Iran in particular, more significant. The novelty of this work is in its addressing not a story of success, but the negative experience of Nikolay Konshin's foreign trade company founded in 1884 in the capital of Persia, Tehran. The author identifies reasons that led to company's closure in 1890 and forced Nikolay Konshin to ultimately quit the Persian market. In 1889 he organized an exhibition of Russian industrial products as a measure designed to support the company's trading activities. It was supposed to familiarize the Persian population with the range of Russian light industry products, previously unknown at the Persian market, and to secure orders from local merchants for Nikolay Konshin's firm. However, the expectations failed to materialize and the company did not receive the necessary impetus for its development. The author identifies causes of the exhibition's failure, assesses Nikolay Konshin's efforts in exploring opportunities of the Tehran market development, and clarifies their significance for the development of the Russian trade in Persia. The study is based on the documents stored in the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire; namely, Nikolay Konshin's petition to the Minister of Finance Ivan Vyshnegradsky and a number of consular reports addressed to the head of the Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ivan Zinoviev. They offer explanations for failure of both Nikolay Konshin's company and his exhibition. The analysis of entrepreneurial activities of a particular Russian company has made it possible to identify general features and characteristic peculiarities of the Persian market. The factors that hindered the advance of Russian trade in Tehran under tough European competition are also identified. Despite the failure of Nikolay Konshin's trade business, Russian entrepreneurs highly appreciated his activities in establishment of the Russian economic presence in Persia. The author concurs with such appraisal; Nikolay Konshin was instrumental in laying the groundwork for future penetration of the Russian trade capital onto the Tehran market, which had hitherto remained terra incognita for the Russian business community.


The globalization of economic activity and gradual liberalization of the transport market in the 1990s led to major changes in the organizational structure and monopolistic nature of some railways. Separation of railway infrastructure and operations laid the foundations for introduction of competition to railways a s w e l l a s f o r t h e i r e c o n o m i c rationalization. This article analyses the basic principles of the European transport policy and the objectives of European legislation on the modernization and competitiveness of railways within the transport system. It also examines how railway infrastructure and operations were separated in various European railway networks as well as the structural consequences of the separation. Finally, the railway infrastructure pricing principles as well as the impact of the separa t ion of in f ras t ructure and operations on railway finances and transport demand are discussed.


The first representatives of a new ring system, 3-oxo-2,3,4,10-tetrahydro-as-triazino[5,6-b]quinoline and some of its derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of the appropriate (2-aminobenzyl)-triazines. These substances are in equilibrium with the tautomer 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro form.


In the given article it is analyzed: -I. Vytanovych's opinion on the role of cooperation in ukrainian society life, dated 2 nd half of XIX - 1 st half XX; -the activity of cooperatives on the Central part and Western part of Ukraine; -the leadership evoluation of cooperative movement. Key words: cooperation, cooperatives, selfactivity, selfdefence.


The invention relates to a novel catalyst comprising at least one support, at least one element from groups 8, 9 and 10 of the Periodic Table of elements, at least one element of group 14 of the periodic table, at least one of group 13 of the periodic table, at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, optionally at least one halogen in an amount between 0 and 0, 2% by weight relative to the total weight of catalyst, said catalyst being characterized in that the accessibility of the element from groups 8, 9 and 10 is greater than 50%. The invention also relates to a catalyst preparation method and the use of the catalyst in a paraffin dehydrogenation process having 3 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule.


In Ayurveda the concept of Srotas are like roots of the tree. The human body is a conglomeration of the Srotas as per our classics. "Srotas" can be described as channels or passages where nutrition flows, interact and transfers. One of them being "Raktavaha Srotas" which stands for blood circulation in body starting from its formation to demise of its constituents. Susruta has narrated "Yakrit", "Pleeha" and "Raktavaha dhamanis" as the Mula or root of origin for "Raktavaha Srotas" and one of the Dusti Lakshanas said by him is "Kamala". "Kamala Roga" meaning yellowness of the Twak, Netrata, Nakha etc. caused by Rakta Dusti due to vitiation by Pitta Dosha can be correlated with Jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) based on same Lakshanas. Normal level of serum bilirubin is 0.3-1.3 mg/dl. Jaundice becomes clinically evident when total serum bilirubin exceeds 2mg/dl. In modern science jaundice is classified into three types: Haemolytic, Obstructive & Hepatocellular. Jaundice occurs due to increased bilirubin production, decreased hepatic uptake, decreased hepatic conjugation, decreased excretion of bilirubin into bile and obstruction in intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary circulation. Etiopathogensis of several types of jaundice shows involvement of liver, spleen and hepatic portal system mainly, which throws light on concept of existence of Mulas for Raktavaha Srotas in human body, where origin or manifestation of its deviated states are seen. This study aims at evaluating "Mula of Raktavaha Srotas in term of Kamala Roga". KeywordsRaktavaha Srotas, Kamala, Jaundice, Liver, Spleen, Blood vessels. INTRODUCTION Ayurveda has given a vivid description of the anatomy of the human in terms of Dosha, Dhatu, Malas, Srotas, Kostha, Kostangas etc. "Srotas" means "Sravanat Srotansi" which can be like exudation, oozing, filtration, to flow, to move etc. [1] Srotas are the inner transport system of the body which provides a platform for activities of another important biofactors like three doshas, seven dhatus etc. [2] Acharyas, Charaka has described 13 gross channels [2] while Acharya Susruta said 11pairs of Srotas. [3] Raktavaha Srotas is one of them. It circulates the Rakta Dhatu to each part of the body for the nourishment of every tissue. All Srotas have their own Mulasthana or root. Chakrapani mentioned Mula Sthana of Srotas as Prabhavasthana means the anatomical seat of respective Srotas, the main seat of pathological changes, having diagnostic value or its be the focus of treatment. Mula of Raktavaha Srotas are Yakrit (liver), Pleeha(spleen) [2] Mukesh Rani et.al. An Evaluation of Raktavaha Srotas Mula W.S.R. to Kamala Roga: A Review International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 276 Vol.9; Issue: 4; April 2019 and Raktavahi Dhamniya. [3] According to Acharya Susruta, Rakta is responsible for the formation of Pleeha and Yakrit. [4] Intake of the Vidahiannapana, Snigdhaaahar, Ushnadrava along with exposure to excessive sunlight and air lead to Raktavaha srotasdusti. [5] If there is cut or piercing injury to Mula Sthana of Raktavaha Srotas, it causes cyanosis in the body parts, fever, burning sensation, pallor, hemorrhage. [3] The disease of the Raktavaha Srotas is Kustha, Visrpa, Pidika, Kamala, Asrgdar, Arubuda, Arsa etc. [6] Kamala is one of them which is characterized by Haridra Twak, Nakh, Netra due to increased Pitta Dosha in Rakta Dhatu. [7] In modern jaundice is also characterized by yellow pigmentation of skin, sclera, mucous membrane etc. AIM & OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to establish the role and functional utility of Srotomula of Raktavaha Srotas w.s.r. to Kamala. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acharya Charak has considered Kamala as advance stage of Pandu Roga. When person who suffers with Pandu Roga continues intake of Pittaverdhak Ahar & Vihar then he may develop Kamala [8] Susruta has considered Kamala as separate disease and may be due to further complication of Pandu Roga, [9] whereas; Vagbhat has described Kamala as a separate disease. [10] In Kamala there is Haaridra Netrata (sclera becomes turmeric colored), Harridra Twak (skin becomes turmeric colored), Harridra Nakha (nails becomes turmeric colored), Raktapeeta Mutrata (bloody red or yellow color of the urine), Raktapeetashakrut(bloody red or yellow color of the faeces), HataIndriyaha (destruction of sense organs), Daaha (burning sensation), Avipaaka (indigestion), Dourbalya (weakness), Sdana (tiredness), Aruchi (anorexia), Karshyata (emaciation). [11] According to Acharya Charak Kamala is divided into two typesKoshtaashrit and Shakhaashrit. [12] In modern Kamala is correlated with Jaundice due to resemblance their Lakshna and their Mula in which Smprapati occur. Jaundice may be defined as yellow pigmentation of skin, sclera by elevated level of bilirubin. [13] Bilirubin is produced by breakdown of senescent red blood cells and other heam containing protein like myoglobin, cytochrome etc. Normal bilirubin level is 0.31.3mg/dl. [13] Bilirubin metabolism occurs in spleen, blood vessels, liver. When there is disease of spleen, liver, blood vessels then metabolism of bilirubin is hampered, and results increase level of conjugated or unconjugated bilirubin. When bilirubin level is more than 2mg/dl in blood plasma due to any reason is called as hyperbilirubinemia. When hyperbilirubinemia leads to yellowness of skin, sclera, nails, interstitial fluid then it is called as jaundice. Jaundice is mainly classified into twounconjugated and conjugated type [14] but depending upon reasons due to which jaundice occurs it is also classified into 3 typesHemolytic, Hepatocellular, Obstructive jaundice. [15] Kosthaashrita Kamala (Hemolytic) The term Koshta means "Sharira Madhya" or Maha Srotas. [16] When Pandu Rogi uses Pitta aggravating Ahara and Vihar, then there is production of Dushta Aahar Ras which cause Pacahaka Pitta Dusthi. Pacahak Pitta (present in Yakrit; liver) Dusthi alleviates Rakta Dhatu Dusti (because Pitta and Rakta have almost same Guna) in Kostha results in Koshthasrita Kamala. Accumulated Pitta stay in the gastrointestinal tract, due to the function of Vata Doshas. As result the vitiated Pitta which is present in Koshtha (GIT) produces the excessive yellow colour of stool. [17] It has a similarity with the mechanism of prehepatic jaundice or haemolytic jaundice. Haemolytic jaundice occurs due to excessive production of bilirubrubin in spleen, displacement of bilirubin to bind with albumin (by sulfonamide drug) in blood vesseles, decreased hepatic uptake of unconjugated bilirubin, problem in metabolism in hepatocytesin hereditary Mukesh Rani et.al. An Evaluation of Raktavaha Srotas Mula W.S.R. to Kamala Roga: A Review International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 277 Vol.9; Issue: 4; April 2019 disorders, acquired defect i.e.., neonatal jaundice. [14] Thus in term spleen, blood vessels and liver can assured as the important organs in the pathogenesis of Kamala, which may lead to the base behind taking spleen, liver & blood vessels as a Mula of Raktavaha Srotas. Shakhashrita Kamala (Obstructive jaundice) Hetu Sevan leads to Vata and Kapha Prakopa. Vitiated Vata Dosha gets Kaphasmmurchita and cause obstruction in normal Pitta nalika, which results in Pitta Vridhi in Rakta Dhatu. Due to obstruction of passing of Pitta, Pitta does not reach to the Pakwashaya and Vimarggamana of Pitta all over occur which results Haridra Twacha, Netra and Mootra. Pitta which is responsible for the normal color of stool, due to obstruction can't reach to the Kostha which results in "Tila Pishta Sannibham Varchas" (Clay colour stool). This Kamala is also known as Alpa Pitta Kamala [18] or obstructive jaundice. This type of jaundice occurs when there is either intrahepatic or extrahepatic obstruction. Intrahepatic cholestasis (impaired hepatic excretion)It is due to hereditary disorders (DubinJohnson syndrome, Rotor's syndrome, fibrocystic disease of pancreas, intrahepatic atresia), acquired disorders or hepatocellular cholestasis (viral hepatitis, drugs, alcohol induced injury, cirrhosis). Extrahepatic cholestasis (extrahepatic biliary obstruction)It is due to gall bladder stones, inflammatory strictures, carcinoma of head of pancreas, tumors of bile duct, congenital atresia of extrahepatic ducts). This leads to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Due to obstruction conjugated bilirubin does not come into the intestine and not converted into stercobilinogn and due to the absence of stercobilinogen color of faeces is pale. Due to obstruction this conjugated bilirubin goes into the blood through the hepatic vein and causes yellowness of skin, sclera, nails etc. [14] DISCUSSION There are mainly four types of Srotodusti, they are Atipravariti (Excessive action), Sanga (Complete or partial obstruction of Srotas), Vimargaman (leaving its own channel and enters in other channel), Siragranthi (new growth inside the Srotas). Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism in spleen caused by macrophages for clearance of aged RBC which contain haemolglobin. Hemoglobin is broken down to heme and globin protein. The globin protein is break down into amino acids. The heme, on the other hand, undergoes oxidation reaction catalysed by the enzyme oxygenase to give biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide. Biliverdin yields a yellow pigment called bilirubin. This bilirubin is unconjugated. From spleen it goes to liver. In liver unconjugated bilirubin is conjugated with the help of glucuronic acid. Conjugated bilirubin is water soluble that can be excreted. Bacteria in the intestine convert the bilirubin into urobilinogen. This urobilinogen is then converted into stercobilinogen or excreted in the feces or it is reabsorbed by the intestinal cells and taken to the kidney via blood to be excreted in the urine. In this way normally the spleen, blood vessels and liver produce, metabolize, and excretes the bilirubin in the form of bile. How


The directly modulated distributed-feedback laser (DML) is widely employed in medium-reach optical links due to its cost effectiveness. However, DMLs are not appropriate for use in fiber links longer than 20km at 6Gb/s or equivalent, because the SNR penalty increases abruptly due to excessive chromatic dispersion caused by frequency chirp. Therefore externally modulated lasers (EMLs), which are more costly, have been a natural choice for applications requiring extended reach. In this paper, a clock and data recovery (CDR) IC that compensates for chromatic dispersion caused by the frequency chirp of the DML is presented. The CDR with EDC is fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process, and the test-chip consumes 226mW at 6Gb/s.


This article develops a new method for estimating the ideological preferences of Supreme Court justices based on their agenda-setting votes. While careful attention to agenda-setting is important in its own right, ideological measures from these votes have much to recommend them in general. Compared to the more familiar votes on case dispositions, there are far more agenda-setting votes on a far more stable set of issues. The estimated model takes into account case importance, justices' individual preferences over docket size, and their ideological leanings. The method successfully predicts votes and returns new useful measures for scholars of the Court. ∗Department of Politics, Princeton University 130 Corwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-1012 E-mail: email@example.com. Thanks to Chris Achen, Deborah Beim, Charles Cameron, Brandice Canes-Wrone, John Kastellec, John Londregan, Nolan McCarty, Kelly Rader, Marc Ratkovic, Sepehr Shahshahani, and Keith Whittington for helpful comments and sound advice. I thank the Center for the Study of Democratic Politics at Princeton for financial support and Julie Nelson and Rebecca Voth for research assistance.


Introduction The aim of the study is to compare efficacy of IvIg versus PE in treatment of mechanically ventilation adults with GBS in intensive care unit. Methods It is a prospective, non randomized study, realized in a medical ICU from 2006 to 2010. We included all patients with GBS who required mechanical ventilation (MV). We defined two groups: group 1 (group treated by IvIg: 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days) and group 2 (group treated by PE: 4 PE during 10-14 days). We collected demographic characteristics, clinical and therapeutic aspects and outcome. Statistical analysis used: The quantitative variables are expressed on mean ± standard derivation and compared by Student test. The statistic analysis has been based on SPSS for windows. P < 0.05 is considered as significant. Results Forty-one patients (21 in group 1 and 20 in group 2) were enrolled. The mean age was 37.4 ± 9.2 years, with a masculine predominance (75.4%). Electromyogram in all patients found acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy in 80.5% of patients. The mean length of hospitalization was 45.3 ± 9.2 days. The length of hospitalization of the IvIg group is less long than PE group (p = 0.03). The weaning of the MV was more precocious in IvIg group than PE group (p = 0.01). Also, the beginning of motility recuperation was precocious at IvIg group than PE group (p = 0.04). Conclusion Our work reveals a meaningful difference for the MV weaning and precocious recovery in IvIg group compared to PE group.


Modern science makes great efforts to define contemporary terrorism. However despite the fact that terrorism represents a real plague for a contemporary society, the politics of many powerful countries delays to define contemporary terrorism in a generally acceptable manner since double standards are dominating factor. There are not good or bad terrorists regardless of the fact that the unprincipled interpretation of this phenomenon by the big powers misleads the public opinion in recognizing contemporary terrorism. Terrorist activities are never supported by population on a large scale as long as they are called terrorist. If they have a large-scale support, then they are not terrorism but guerilla or rebellion. When defining terrorism we must know that terrorists are unavoidably politically motivated, that they resort to violence, that the terrorist activities are directed towards far-reaching psychological consequences beyond a direct victim or target of an attack and that they must belong to some organization. It is also important to know that terrorist demands are never either realistic or legally based. Therefore, when defining terrorism it should take into account the importance of the definition of terrorism that would provide for the international cooperation as an objectification of the term, i.e. according to which the consequence is a condition without which there would not be a consequence (Condicio sine qua non). According to the results of his scientific and research work so far the author of this paper defines terrorism in the following manner "Terrorism is an organized use of violence (or threat with violence) by politically motivated individuals or groups who are determined to impose their will to the institutions of power and citizens through fear, fright defeatism and panic.".


The so-called drag-based model (DBM) simulates analytically the propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in interplanetary space and allows the prediction of their arrival times and impact speeds at any point in the heliosphere ("target"). The DBM is based on the assumption that beyond a distance of about 20 solar radii from the Sun, the dominant force acting on CMEs is the "aerodynamic" drag force. In the standard form of DBM, the user provisionally chooses values for the model input parameters, by which the kinematics of the CME over the entire Sun–"target" distance range is defined. The choice of model input parameters is usually based on several previously undertaken statistical studies. In other words, the model is used by ad hoc implementation of statistics-based values of the input parameters, which are not necessarily appropriate for the CME under study. Furthermore, such a procedure lacks quantitative information on how well the simulation reproduces the coronagraphically observed kinematics of the CME, and thus does not provide an estimate of the reliability of the arrival prediction. In this paper we advance the DBM by adopting it in a form that employs the CME observations over a given distance range to evaluate the most suitable model input parameters for a given CME by means of least-squares fitting. Furthermore, the new version of the model automatically responds to any significant change of the conditions in the ambient medium (solar wind speed, density, CME–CME interactions, etc.) by changing the model input parameters according to changes in the CME kinematics. The advanced DBM is shaped in a form that can be readily employed in an operational system for real-time space-weather forecasting by promptly adjusting to a successively expanding observational data set, thus providing a successively improving prediction of the CME arrival.


Understanding why people think about suicide may assist researchers and clinicians in assessing and treating suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examined the cognitive content of future expectancies that would statistically predict suicidal ideation and whether hopelessness—one of the best-established cognitive predictors of suicide—would explain the relationship between certainty about pessimistic future-event predictions and suicidal ideation in an ethnically diverse sample. College undergraduates (N = 864) completed measures of hopelessness, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation. In addition, they made predictions about whether a given set of positive and negative events were likely to happen in their futures and rated how certain they were about each prediction. Being "as certain as one can be" when anticipating an absence of positive future outcomes (Certainty-AP)—but not certainty about negative outcomes (Certainty-N)—statistically predicted concurrent suicidal ideation, beyond the effects of simple pessimism about positive and negative outcomes, and hopelessness partially mediated this relationship. However, Certainty-AP statistically predicted suicidal ideation even after adjusting for hopelessness and symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that one specific type of future-oriented cognition that predicts suicidal ideation—independently of general hopelessness and symptoms of depression—involves certainty about the absence of positive future outcomes. Understanding why people think about suicide is a critical priority in current psychopathology research, with direct implications for the assessment, treatment, and prevention of a growing public health concern. Suicide is among the top three leading causes of death among individuals between ages 15 and 44 worldwide (White & Hol


Through producing Action Script scripting language of Flash, this paper have achieved to transfer external XML data document in Flash. Moreover, these XML data document were the Flash courseware in order to fulfill the same teaching goal. This paper used the feature of dynamic interactive loading to produce dynamic Flash courseware photo album, and made primary discussion during the producing process. Finally, it had a good result. In the following, this paper described and demonstrated some problems encountered in the producing process beside the solutions.


After a merger, company officials face the challenge to uniform compensation schemes and to redesign teams with managers originating from different incentives and working habits. In this paper, we offer a new way to investigate in post-merger the relationship between executive pay and performance, allowing to dissociate the respective influence of shifts occurring both in compensation incentives and in team composition. The results of a real effort experiment conducted with managers within a large pharmaceutical company show that not only changes in compensation incentives affect performance but also that both managers' past compensation schemes and company cultures matter for cooperation. The efficiency of a new compensation package is conditional on the reshuffling of teams and the past of incentives within the new teams.


We suggest a novel approach to identify structural shocks in vector autoregressions. We impose factor structure on observed VAR residuals to identify structural shocks thus linking VARs to real business cycle models. Identification, estimation and testing procedures are developed. We also show how standard VAR tools can be used in the suggested framework. Using US data, we apply the method to identify the effects of monetary policy. Our identification leads to impulse responses consistent with macroeconomic theory, i.e. we find no price level or exchange rate puzzles. We also show that only 20-25% of variance in the fed funds rate, the policy instrument, is attributed to innovations in policy.


The One Thousand and One Nights (1885) was introduced collaterally with Britain's nineteenth-century colonial endeavor and Orientalist practices relating to it. Pertinent to the Empire's goal was to interpret The Nights as an indication of Arab women's passivity and lack of agency to justify Britain's imperial project in the area. As the background of this narrative was fetishized and exoticised, so was Shahrazad, the heroine and narrator, whose intellectual and narrative powers were reduced to sheer sexual prowess. This disparagement of Shahrazad's agency and subjectivity has instilled the early seeds of the dominant stereotypes of either a silent willing victim or a sensual seductress that have, for decades, beleaguered representations of Muslim/Arab women and, by extension, Muslim-American women. In her poetry collection Emails From Scheherazad, the Arab-American poet Mohja Kahf revives the figure of Shahrazad to disrupt this Orientalist discourse through rewriting a twenty-first century Shahrazadian narrative to foreground her voice to represent herself, and to halt the representations of Muslim-American women in the service of the United States' imperial project in the Middle East. Informed by the works of Edward Said and feminists such as Meyda Yegenoglu, Suzan Gauch and Rana Kabbani, the paper depicts how the poet attempts to undermine the hegemonic digressive representations of Arab/Muslim woman rooted in nineteenth-century Orientalist discourse. Moreover, it also illustrates how the poet resists such Orientalist translation of her culture by reviving the figure of Shahrazad as a space of cultural interchange that opens a window on another culture in Arab-American diaspora.


In an increasingly open innovation environment, executives, as the core of corporate management and the main body of decision-making and execution, play a significant role in implementing innovation-driven development strategies. Based on executives' educational background, we constructed an executive alumni network platform using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2019, and calculated the centrality indicators. The aim was to comprehensively explore the relationship between alumni networks and exploratory innovation in enterprises, and examine the mediating effect of enterprise risk-taking. Empirical results show that executive academic background networks can promote the development of exploratory innovation activities in enterprises. In other words, these networks provide the social relationships and trust foundation necessary to support innovation effectively. Enterprise risk-taking plays a mediating role in the relationship between alumni networks and exploratory innovation, underscoring the importance of risk-taking. Further research reveals that alumni networks have a significant positive impact on the sustainability of innovation, emphasizing the long-term value for corporate innovation. These findings demonstrate that alumni networks play a critical role in corporate innovation activities and provide theoretical support for advancing research in corporate innovation and sustained development.


The balance property of binary sequences is important in many kinds of applications. In this paper some notes on the balance property of Golay complementary pairs are given. We show that no balance Golay complementary pairs exists in the sense of component sequence balance, but there exists balance Golay complementary pairs in the sense of the whole sequence balance. For balance Golay complementary pairs, all admissible lengths up to 1000 are given. The paper also includes a briefly review on the application of Golay complementary pairs and good correlation sequences.


Abstract Through an ethnographic study of the immigration law system in Russia, and interviews with legal professionals and Central Asian migrants themselves, this paper asks: What are the lived experiences of the highly complex, though ambiguous immigration law regime of Russia? According to what 'rules of the game' does it operate? Are they specific to Russia only? This paper develops the concept of 'the spiral effect of the law' to capture the image of law, as formed through people's experiences of the legal system. Drawing on the comparative tool of analogy, this paper suggests that 'the spiral effect of the law' is perhaps not that different from the observable effects of immigration law in other major migration-receiving jurisdictions, namely the US, framed as 'legal violence' by Cecilia Menjívar and Leisy Abrego (2012).


INTRODUCTION Esports activities are predominantly understood in existing literature through frames of leisure (Lee and Schoenstedt, 2011; Wood et al., 2019). Even in literature regarding professionalisation, the pursuit of esports as a career is often framed as a form of serious leisure (Seo, 2016; Cunningham et al., 2018; Kauweloa, 2019). In this work we propose an alternative perspective of laborious spectatorship across three ethnographic studies. The three studies were a part of a broader research course intended to explore what experiences of esports spectatorship looks like in practice and how they differ across sites of spectatorship. In doing so, each of the three studies respectively focused on spectatorship in the home, stadium, and esports bar.


We report an unusual case of a 55-year-old man who had cecal cancer with prostatic and testicular metastases. Right hemicolectomy was performed under the diagnosis of cecal cancer in August 2003. The pathological findings showed mucinous adenocarcinoma, se, n2, ly3, v2, Stage IIIB. Because of urination difficulty since about January 2006, prostate biopsy was performed in December 2006. Histological examination showed metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma from cecal cancer. Pelvic exenteration was performed in November 2007 because no metastatic site was found apart from the prostate. In December 2010, enlargement of the right scrotum was noted. CT and PET-CT revealed a right testicular tumor which was suspected to be metastasis from cecal cancer. After Right orchiectomy pathological examination showed testicular metastasis from cecal cancer. Among patients with colorectal cancer, the most frequent metastatic sites are the liver, lung and bone, and prostatic or testicular metastases are rare. Because surgical resection of those metastatic sites is not only helpful in confirming the diagnosis but might also improve prognosis and QOL, it is considered one therapeutic option.


At present,in the progress of school management practice,many educational administration departments or the administrators of school in our country often neglect the idea of education which is that education should develop people foremost and be student-oriented,and school operation should cultivate talent foremost and be teacher-oriented.What's more,as they take so much power in they hands,they decide all of things but ignore the cultivation of teachers and the development of students' personalities.They value and focus on how to tame students,regardless of activating their self-management.Deeply illustrating and anatomizing the problems and deficiency in present education administration practice can dig out the core of this research that "Using" is the key of using ancient thought nowadays.The aim of researching Chinese ancient management thoughts is to inherit and enlarge their essence so as to build,innovate and develop school management thoughts with Chinese characteristics.


The coupling dynamic catastrophe of the deep gasfilled coalc-rock is a new hazard mode which due to the coupling of rock burst and coal and gas outburst.The precursor of the micro rupture is a common essential characteristic of the coalrock dynamic disasters and has MS and AE activity.The authors study on monitoring technology of coupling dynamic catastrophe for gas filled coal rock in the basis of collecting and reading a lot of domestic and foreign of coupling dynamic catastrophe for gas-filled coal rock data.The results show that the principle of AE and MS monitoring technology is same and the difference is that AE and MS monitoring technology have a difference spectrum range.The develoimient process of coupling dynamic catastrophe for gas-filled coal-rock goes from liny crack initiation,to propagation,to aggregation and from disorder to order.The whole process of the catastrophe can be good monitoring by using the AE and MS monitoring technology.It is an important mean to study the coupling dynamic catastrophe Tor gas filled coal rock,and it has a great significance to study the disaster mechanism and precursory identification of coupling dynamic catastrophe for gas-filled coal-rock.


This thesis presents an attempt at using multiple event interpretations to enhance the boosted decision tree used in the search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decay to the bb̄ final state at a Higgs mass of mH = 125 GeV with the ATLAS detector, looking in particular at the ZH → llbb̄ process. Recent studies have suggested that using multiple event interpretations offered by constructing jets with different radii can offer a large improvement over the traditional deterministic approach to event interpretation. Monte Carlo datasets generated using a center of mass energy s = 13 TeV are used for this analysis, and the data's truth labels are used to evaluate the performance of the boosted decision tree. Using a S/ √ S+ B measure of significance for the boosted decision tree, improvements of 1.9% in the pT < 120 GeV region and 6.5% in the pT > 120 GeV region are found by using additional inputs derived from the multiple event interpretations, both of which are smaller than the expected improvements from previous work.


Abstract Zen may be most commonly associated with Japan, but the 'art of Zen' was made in Germany. This article reconstructs the reception of Zen Buddhism in Nazi Germany as an extension of the regime's project to transform Christianity. Although Japanese reformers emphasized Zen's universal qualities, in Nazi Germany it became associated instead with a combination of völkisch nationalism and spiritual mysticism mirroring Nazi aspirations for a 'positive' German form of Christianity. That project may have been discredited after 1945, but the image of Zen cultivated by Nazi ideologues transitioned more or less seamlessly into the post-war New Age movement. This phenomenon thus merits attention not only for what it reveals about the extent to which Germany remained engaged in global intellectual and cultural currents during the Nazi era but also in complicating our historical understanding of how Zen came to be part of the contemporary global vernacular.


A 54-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus II and obesity (body mass index (BMI) 40 kg/m2) was referred to the cardiology outpatient clinic because of reduced exercise tolerance. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (panel) was performed because the echocardiographic examination was insufficient. …


The Theory of the Longitudinal Strength of Ship has been too classic. The author attempts to modernize and refine it to some extent. This theory is based upon the "Comparative Calculation" at the Standard Condition. But, what does the word "Comparative" mean in case of ships.which are of same size, on the same route and of the same kind but have superstructures of different length? The effects upon the strength due to type, form and structural style are investigated in this paper.§ Superstructure.That the superstructrure contributes to the longitudinal strength completely whn its length be over 15% of ship's or 6times of its height, has been the Naval Architect's commonsense, but this is wrong. The effectivity of superstructure chiefly depends upon the sum of its height and half of its breadth. When its length is over 6 times of the sum orl/ (b+h) _??_6, its mid-length becomes completely effective. When l/ (b+h) _??_3, its ability is nearly constant andwhen l/ (b+h) _??_3 the distribution of effectivity is nearly1-8/π2 [exp (-0.973x/ (b+h)) +exp (-0.973 (l-x) / (b+h))] The reinforcement ot its ends must be increased accoding to its length when l/ (b+h) 2 this may not be increased.§ Short longitudinal bulkhead.Ashort longitudinal bulkhead does not contribute to the longitudinal strength much, but it does not mean that the flow of stress does not exist in it. Especially when it is far from the side plate or continuous longitudinal bulkhead its effectivity is very small.


The cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm provides a remarkably good description of the Universe's large-scale structure. However, some discrepancies exist between its predictions and observations at very small sub-galactic scales. To address these issues, the consideration of a strong interaction between dark matter particles and dark radiation emerges as an intriguing alternative. In this study, we explore the constraints on those models using joint observations of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Quasars with our previously built parameter estimation package CosmoReionMC. At 2-$\sigma$ confidence limits, this analysis rules out all strongly interacting Dark Matter - Dark Radiation models proposed to date, representing the most stringent constraint on those models to the best of our knowledge. Future research using a 21-cm experiment holds the potential to reveal stronger constraints or uncover hidden interactions within the dark sector.


After analyzing the status of the farm mechani-zation in the Jiangsu province, this paper educed the synthesis appraisal index system of the agricultural mechanization by Delphi method and analysed the factors of the synthesis appraisal target system.


We present an inexpensive, bulk-processing technique for the mass fabrication of a high-performance, nanocrystalline intermetallic with no internal flaws: the recrystallization of plastically deformed ingots through controlled heat treatments. We demonstrate that FeCo alloys with average grain sizes of 100 nm can be produced using this method. The nanocrystalline materials have tensile yield strengths as high as 2.2 GPa and have plastic tensile ductilities over 1.3%. Such superior properties at room temperature are currently unattainable when nanocrystalline materials are prepared by other methods.


Based on first-principles calculations, electronic properties of edge-functionalized zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) on SiO2 substrate are presented. Metallic or semiconducting properties of ZGNRs are revealed due to various interactions between edge-hydrogenated ZGNRs and different SiO2 (0001) surfaces. Bivalent functional groups decorating ZGNRs serve as the bridge between active edges of ZGNRs and SiO2. These functional groups stabilize ZGNRs on substrate, as well as modify the edge states of ZGNRs and further affect their electronic properties. Band gaps are opened owing to edge states destruction and distorted lattice in ZGNRs.


In 2009, the Partnership for Sustainable Communities was formed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, the U. S. Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The partnership coordinates housing, transportation, and infrastructure investments to improve the livability of neighborhoods. They incorporate principles of livability into federal funding programs and projects. The partnership provides grants and technical assistance to ensure that federal policies and investments improve quality of life. Looking to the future, they are working to help communities find ways to cope with the changing climate, as well as encouraging new investment and economic growth.


As important aquaculture species worldwide, shrimps and crabs are thermophilic animals with a feeble thermoregulation ability. Changes in environmental factors are the main reason for the decrease in the immunity and disease resistance ability of cultured organisms. Water temperature is one of the most common abiotic stress factors for aquatic ectotherms. It influences nearly all biochemical and physiological processes in crustaceans, resulting in an imbalance in ion and water homeostasis, neuromuscular function loss, cellular dehydration, and altered metabolic pathways. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the effects of low temperature on the physiological response, and the behavior, development, and growth of shrimp and crab. We suggest a deeper research to understand the physiological processes involved in thermoregulation; this knowledge could be used to reduce the adverse effects in the shrimps and crabs during the culture.


Multipoint forming (MPF) in flexible forming technology. from the previous research of multipoint forming, the configuration of the upper and lower punch matrices were configured in square packing. In this paper, model of multipoint forming configuration was developed and the numerical simulation was performed to investigate the influence of the proposed pins arrangement, hexagonal packing. The packing density in hexagonal arrangement is higher than in square one. The deformation process in multipoint forming with hexagonal packing is evaluated in terms of stress and strains distribution. The results demonstrated that forming tool with hexagonal packing is more efficient than pins arranged in square packing. But dimples and wrinkles as the typical defect of multipoint forming was inevitable consequences of discontinuous contact between the punches and workpiece, appeared. The dimpling phenomenon is more present in MPF with hexagonal packing than with square packing.


www.PRSJournal.com 488 B and colleagues have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of inserting breast implants through a traditional abdominoplasty incision with the aid of a balloon dissector.1 The authors begin by acknowledging that a common concern and therefore frequent accompanying procedure in abdominoplasty patients is the appearance and enhancement of their breasts.2 They verify the complication rate from transabdominal breast augmentation is essentially the same as would be expected from either operation alone. So why then has this technique not gained more widespread use? When I reported my experience with Planas' concept of inserting implants through an abdominoplasty incision,3 I had a similarly favorable experience as the authors. Interestingly, although I adopted Planas' concept of preexcising the undermined abdominal pannus (which also makes implant insertion easier, and I always remove the old umbilical site), I no longer routinely insert implants through the abdominoplasty incision. Despite my initial enthusiasm, I suspect my reluctance stems from the transition in surgical thinking that occurred around that time from wide abdominal flap undermining in an abdominoplasty to a more inverted-V flap type undermining. This method of dissection preserves the Huger zone III blood supply and now has been demonstrated by Smith4 and Roostaeian et al.5 to possibly also preserve the Huger zone I blood supply. The change in the pattern of undermining was deemed necessary because surgeons were becoming interested in liposuction of the undermined abdominal flap6,7 and altering dissection techniques were felt to minimize the potential for flap ischemia. Consequently, I began to insert implants less frequently through the open wound, which theoretically requires wider undermining (although I did not use the balloon dissector) and potentially increases the risk of flap ischemia. In this article and in the examples shown, patients appear not to require liposuction, and no mention is made of flap liposuction. So, presumably they could safely undergo wider flap undermining to insert the implants, with less concern about preserving additional blood supply. With regard to who can safely undergo wide abdominoplasty flap undermining, I believe massive weight loss patients can tolerate it in addition to patients who have had prior liposuction followed by an abdominoplasty,8,9 because these are essentially delayed flaps. Thus, the question becomes, excluding these two groups of patients who can safely undergo wide flap undermining, is the wider undermining required for a transabdominal breast augmentation procedure safe (without liposuction, the authors have demonstrated that it is equal to either procedure independently) if the undermined flap is also contoured with liposuction? If it is, then conceptually the idea of inverted-V flap undermining that we perform with concurrent flap liposuction would have to be revisited. The authors have again rekindled our interest in an uncommonly used and previously described technique10 and supported it with excellent results and a safety profile comparable to that of either procedure alone. Despite the fact that over 40 percent of breast augmentation patients in the lifetime arc of their augmentation will require another operation, or may require a breast procedure soon after surgery (e.g., for hematoma, malposition, size adjustment), thus necessitating a breast incision, the majority will not. Therefore, eliminating the small and albeit well-tolerated separate augmentation incision in patients who are also undergoing an abdominoplasty can be desirable, particularly if it is safe and comes without additional risks and ostensibly has few disadvantages.


WILLIAM Boog Leishman, whose memory we are honouring this evening, was born 100 years ago into a family which in the immediately preceding generations had achieved considerable distinction in clerical and medical circles in the West of Scotland. His grandfather, the Rev. Matthew Leishman, D:D., was well known as the Minister of the Parish of Govan in Glasgow, and ultimately became Moderator of the Church of Scotland, while at a later date an equally eminent uncle, the Rev. Thomas Leishman, D.D., occupied the same high office, a father-and-son record which is probably unique. His father, William Leishman, graduated in medicine, andJrom 1868 to 1893 was Professor of Midwifery and also for a number of years Dean of the Faculty of Medicine in the University of Glasgow. Our Director-General-to-be was sent to England for his early education, first to a preparatory school in Kent and later to Westminster. He returned to Glasgow to study medicine and qualified in 1886 at the early age of 21. Without filling any hospital appointments, he applied for and was granted a commission as Surgeon on the Medical Staff of the Army (at that time the Corps as such was not in existence). A few years of home service were followed by a tour of duty in India, where he saw active service in the Waziristan Expedition, 1894-95. It is /}fi record that during this period in India he carried with him his own personal microscope, presumably to examine blood smears for the recently described malaria parasites. Returning home in 1897, he was posted to the Army Medical School, then housed in the Military Hospital at Netley, and was appointed Assistant Professor of Pathology. The Professor was a civilian, no less a person than Almroth Wright, later to achieve fame for his studies in immunology. In 1902 the Army Medical School left Netley Hospital and the Departments of Hygiene and Pathology moved to temporary quarters in the laboratories of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons and Physicians in London. In 1903 Wright resigned his Chair to go to st. Mary's Hospital, and Leishman was appointed Professor in his stead. In 1907, when the building in which we are now meeting was completed, he moved with his staff into the laboratories adjoining this lecture theatre, where he continued to teach and pursue ~is researches for the next 6 years. In 1913 this phase of his career came to an end, when he was transferred to the War Office as Expert in Tropical Diseases to the Army Medical Advisory Board. This appointment was interrupted by the outbreak of war, and in 1915 he went to France as Adviser in Pathology to the Director of Medical • Services. Returning to the War Office in 1919, he became the first Director of Pathology and in 1923, with the rank of Lieut-General, succeeded to the office of Director General of the Army Medical Services. He died in 1926 while still holding this appointment.


In order to clarify the effect of four summer green manures: ricebean(Vigna umbellate L.),cowpea(V.unguiculata W.),soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merrill] and mung bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.)on the yield and quality of Pankan tangerine(Citrus reticulata Blanco),test was carried out in Congjiang,Guizhou Province.The results showed that the biological yield of ricebean was 29.03 t·hm-2,2.32 times of soybean,2.56 times of mung bean and 2.74 times of cowpea.The nutrient content of N,P2O5,K2O was ricebean mung beansoybeancowpea and the order of yield increase effect was ricebean soybeanmung beancowbean.The fruit quality of trees intercropped by green manure was all higher than that of CK and the effect of ricebean was higher than soybean,mung bean and cowpea.Intercropping green manure can reduce soil temperature and increase soil humidity so that alleviate the drought of soil.As a result,ricebean is a good green manure variety for Pankan orchard in Congjiang,Guizhou Province.


The Law and Finance literature sees the financial sector as a source of growth and legal institutions as a significant determinant of financial sector development. Most research in this field does not consider the nature of the relationship between legal institutions and the measure of financial sector development used. They do not consider the underlying structural relationship between legal institutions and financial sector development. It is the argument of this paper that the nature of this structural relationship has major implications for policy-makers. To demonstrate this we utilise a widely used data set. We use a more general specification of the relationship between legal institutions and the extent of financial development and estimate it in the context of a system of equations which is estimated equation by equation. This approach highlights the relevance of the specification of the relationships for policy-making. It also puts it in a context where it has already been shown that legal institutions have a significant impact on economic growth. The results differ from those implied by earlier work in that the size of the capital market component of the financial sector is found to be strongly influenced by the interaction of investor protection laws with the quality of legal enforcement. This is an important result from the perspective of policy-making. The implication of it is that for countries with low levels of enforcement focusing on improving investor protection laws does not necessarily contribute to increasing the size of the stock market (and hence growth). For such countries the main priority should be improved enforcement within the legal system and creditor protection. Given the high correlation between the quality of law enforcement and the level of development, these are likely to be developing countries. This cautions against concentrating on reform of commercial laws rather than developing the effectiveness of the legal system. Our results also suggest that at high levels of enforcement there is little to be gained (in this context) from further improvements in the level of enforcement.


It is unclear whether myocardial velocity or deformation indices of dyssynchrony are better at predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Therefore, two indices of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony based on myocardial velocity and deformation were compared to predict success of CRT.


We studied the feasibility of recognizing individual right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) using convolutional neural networks. Prior studies have shown that CNNs can be used in wide range of classification and categorization tasks such as automated human face recognition. To test applicability of deep learning to whale recognition we have developed several models based on best practices from literature. Here, we describe the performance of the models. We conclude that machine recognition of whales is feasible and comment on the difficulty of the problem


A new isoflavonoid glycoside, achyranthoside C (1), along with two known compounds (2 and 3) were isolated from the rhizomes of Achyranthes bidentata. Compounds 1-2 were two rare natural isoflavonoid glycosides with C8 hydroxymethylene derivatization. Their structures were elucidated through comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR, and HRMS analyses. Bioassay results showed all the three compounds had obviously cell-protective effects against H2O2-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes injury in a concentration -dependent manner.


In order to enhance the large workpiece flaw examination efficiency,this paper based on the FBP algorithm presents a fast algorithm,which can get the CT number of specified pixel provides the effective measure for realizing the large workpiece flaw region fast reconstruction.The experiment of simulated cross-section has proved that the image of the specified pixel local tomography is sharpen and has high special resolution for crack of SRM.It was suggested that the local tomography algorithm should be widely used.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of psychological nursing for the patients with severe brain injury in the rehabilitation period.Methods A total of 78 patients suffering severe brain injury were randomly divided into 2 groups.39 cases adopted specific duty psychological nursing.The patients in the control group accepted routine nursing.The psychological statuses were compared to detect the difference between two groups before discharge.Results There is no significant difference in general treatment and sequelae between two groups.However,the occurrence rate of poor psychological statuses in control group is higher than the psychological nursing group.Conclusion Psychological nursing care would be important to improve the mental status and behavior and promote rehabilitation.


The purpose of the study is to investigate the competitiveness of the South African deciduous fruit canning industry in the global canned fruit market. The study was done in the Western Cape Province, the province where the deciduous fruit is produced and canned in South Africa. Both local and international literature on the deciduous fruit canning industries was used as part of the analysis. In addition to this, a variety of methods and techniques including descriptive, theoretical, analytical and quantitative were applied. These include: The Balassa's Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage method, which was used to calculate the competitiveness indices of various canned deciduous fruit products. Time series data on South African and global canned deciduous fruit imports and exports was also used to calculate the competitiveness indices using the RTA method and Excel software. A structured questionnaire was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from an array of expert views from key industry stakeholders. These key informants included Chief Executive Officers of various companies and organisations in the fruit canning industry. Data collected was analysed using Excel spread sheet programme, SPSS and the Porter methodology.


The present invention provides a primer free polishing, in parts by weight according to, comprising: 50 to 80 parts by weight of a short-oil alkyd resin, 5 to 15 parts by weight of solvent, 15 to 25 parts by weight of a filler, wherein the filler fineness more than 3,000 head. Free choice of the sanding primer good anti-sag short oil alkyd resin, the lower limit of the anti-lifting capacity of the product, the use of ultrafine fine filler surface, to improve the surface smoothness of the product, to improve efficiency can save polished furniture manufacturers and profits.


The paper is embedded semiconductor device which can communicate wirelessly implemented, unevenness of the portion including the semiconductor devices is not obtained, the sheet is thin with a thickness of less than 130㎛. The semiconductor device is provided with a circuit part and the antenna, the circuit part including the thin film transistor. Circuit portion and the antenna is separated from the substrate used for manufacture, it is sandwiched and protected between the flexible substrate and the sealing layer. The semiconductor device may be bent, the thickness of the semiconductor device itself 30㎛ below. The semiconductor device is embedded in the paper in a papermaking process. Marsh, sputtering, dopant, visible light, the duty ratio


Mobile commerce (m-commerce) provides an exciting set of new capabilities that service providers can leverage to grow their revenue base while attracting new services that enhance the end-user experience. With these new opportunities the risk of new security threats that need to be addressed also arises. In this paper, security issues — in particular, those dealing with service and subscriber authorizations — in enhanced prepaid implementations for m-commerce — are discussed. These products typically provide an enriched rating engine and a highly configurable feature set for service and content charging in wireless networks. Client application and subscriber-level authentication and authorization are key mechanisms that serve to regulate access to, and usage of, content-based transactions in m-commerce. Solution architectures and a discussion of authorization criteria are presented.


The paper reports on the China Mines Investment and Marketing Seminar held in Beijing in March 1983. Coal output in 1982 was 680 Mt and is scheduled for 770 Mt in 1985, and 1200 Mt by 2000. The mining developments that are envisaged in order to achieve this increase in output are described. Investment by foreign companies has already begun and more cooperative projects are planned. Low interest loans have been obtained from Japan and others are being sought. Details are given of a number of large opencast mines and several underground mines which are planned in Shanxi Province and in Nei Monggol, with information on the types of coal, reserves and seam thicknesses.


First, this paper promotes a strategy of combining business objects and CORBA to develop large and complex information system, then. emphasizes the architecture and key techniques of the CORBA-based business object system, finally, simply discusses its application in the development of ERP.


The dispersion relation of acoustical spin waves in ordered Fe3Al has been determined bu inelastic scattering of polarized neutrons. Measurements have been performed for values of magnon wavevectors q up to 0.33 i(1 and the experimental points were fitted with a dispersion law of polynomial type. The best fit was found for the law fi w = Dqz(1 -1q2) with D = (83 & 4) r n e ~ . A z and B = (0.1 f 0.6)Az. The sharp decrease of the stiffness constant as compared with the one of pure Fe, can not be completely explained by simple dilution and suggests that the variation of the exchange interaction in the ordered phase should play an appreciable role. On the other hand the almost quadratic dispersion law suggests that the nearest neighbours interaction is predominant. The Fe-A1 system undergoes an order-disorder TABLE I transition in the concentration range 20 at. % to 33 at. % Al. In this range the alloy is ferromagnetic and two different values of the magnetic moment are associated to the unequivalent Fe atoms. At the stoichiometric composition a magnetic moment ,uD = 2.18 pB is associated with the iron atoms Fe,, surrounded by 8 Fe, nearest neighbours, while a moment ,uA = 1 .SO pB is associated with the FeA atoms surrounded by 4 Fe, and 4 A1 nearest neighbours [I]. The dispersion relation of the acoustical spin waves close to the [I101 direction has been measured at room temperature by the diffraction method with polarized neutrons [2]. The sample was a single crystal containing 26.5 at. % Al. The long range order parameter was found to be the maximum allowed by this composition. The experimental results have been handled with the procedure described in ref. [3]. It consists in calculating directly from the scattering cross section the correct shape of the intensity profile instead of assuming a rectangular profile according to the procedure which has been generally followed until now. The angular width r of the magnon scattering surface was measured for several missets from the (220) Bragg reflection. The results are shown in Table I. The smallest crystal misset at which reliable measurements can be done is determined by overlapping of creation and annihilation processes, in this case 1.50. The experimental data have been transferred from the space [(ki/kJ2, sin2(r/2)j to the space (ho, q) following the procedure described in ref. 121. Here ki is the wavevector of the incoming neutron, k,, which is simply related to the misset angle, is given by ki + 2 nz, where z is the reciprocal lattice vector. A least squares fit has been performed assuming a dispersion law of the type hw = Dq2(1 /3q2). The best fit (Fig. 1) gives Measured widths r of the scattering surfaces at various misset angles. ki and k, are defined in the text.


(1) An objective method of treating absorption data is devised for obtaining the most reliable value for the upper limit of continuous β-ray spectra. (2) The effect of geometrical conditions, of change of source-intensity, and of source-thickness on the absorption curve and on the apparent upper limit is discussed. (3) Feather's empirical equation connecting range and energy of β rays is corrected in accordance with more recent determinations. The corrected equation is R=0.536E - 0.165. (4) The method is applied to absorption curves obtained for the β rays emitted from Mg27, Si31 and As76. The values 0.885 ± 0.068 g./cm2., 0.571 ± 0.047 g./cm2. and 1.400 ± 0.024 g./cm2. are in good agreement with the values obtained by other methods.


Without insisting on arguments brought in a different paper in favor of such an idea (Tachiciu and Popescu, 2007), here one should take as a premise the fact that for Romania it is not only possible, but also necessary to combine the catch-up process aiming at reducing the development gap, with a modernization process fostering a competitive knowledge based economy. The present article presents five challenges faced in designing a national strategy for services sector development in Romania: overcoming the weakness of our policy design capacity, assuming the development gap, understanding the long run competitive potential, managing the heterogeneity of the services sector and taking into account the cultural barriers.


Abstract To experimentally investigate the effect of frequency on the cyclic behavior of marine soft clay under different consolidated stress paths, a series of cyclic tests on remolded Wenzhou marine clay were conducted under undrained conditions covering various frequencies and consolidated stress paths using a triaxial apparatus. The development of pore water pressure, stress–strain relationship, and resilient modulus was analyzed. Several useful conclusions were reached from this study. First, the trends of pore water pressure development can be divided into three stages: linearly increasing, slowly increasing, and stable. Second, the frequency has a more pronounced influence on the number of cycles of the steady value of pore water pressure than the counterparts of values of the ratio of the radial to vertical consolidation stresses, K. Then, a unified linear equation was established based on the consideration of different K values on a logarithmic scale. Finally, the shapes of the stress–resilient strain hysteretic loops and the range encompassed by the stress–resilient strain hysteretic loops are slight as the value of K decreases, which indicates that the K value has a slight effect on the shift in the type of elastic behavior of clay.


The main advantage of induction heating over other heating methods resides in its speed and efficiency of heating. In some cases however, practical constraints can make a high efficiency hard to obtain by using classical solenoid inductors. As a consequence, the performance of other inductor geometries should be studied. This paper deals with the design of a foil-coiled inductor as a possible alternative for classical coils.