A study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Learning Disabilities Among School Teachers at Selected Schools, Kerala.
Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding learning disabilities among school teachers. To deliver structured teaching programme regarding special learning disabilities among school teachers. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme regarding learning disabilities. To find out the association between selected demographic variables with the post-test knowledge score on learning disabilities.
Assumptions: School teachers have inadequate knowledge regarding the management of
children with learning disabilities. School knowledge regarding learning disabilities will help them to
recognize and detect the disorder among the school children at the early stage.


vast majority of cases, programme formation and selection in our universities is determined solely by the practical demands of future careers, while course material is appreciated only in proportion to its potential contribution to a chosen area of concentration, understood as the essential core of one's education. And at a more advances level, professional scholars read widely m fields adjacent to theirs, gleaning concepts, methods, and models that they can bring to bear on the object of their direct research in order to enrich their understanding of it. Students want to know how relevant a given course is to their professional orientation and how useful it can be to them as researchers in their discipline of specialization. Why, indeed, teach Vico today in North America? Of what relevance is his thought to North American students of the 1990's? What can they learn from Vico that can better enable them to face their professional tasks as humanists of the modern world? How can Vico speak to them and be heard across the distance of space and history? In spite of the unprecedented and still increasing domestication of Vico studies in North America inaugurated by the tradition-setting International Symposium of 1969 (Tagliacozzo and White), which celebrated the beginning of the fourth century of Vico's life in history, brief selections from his works are no more than a small component of North-American anthological courses in liberal arts and in Italian literature, while, to my knowledge, monographic graduate courses on his thought — such as the one that I have been regularly offering since 1983 at the University of Toronto — are still very rare.' However, there can be no doubt that, whereas he has not yet succeeded in obtaining the space that he merits in our classrooms — which are naturally and understandably reluctant to grant institutional sanction to challenging innovations — Vico is nevertheless conquering America in the scholarly literature. Benedetto Croce would be surely surprised to find out that, only a few decades after he accused foreign scholars of ignorance for failing to see the importance of Vico in western philosophical history, allusion to Vico's thought is a frequent occurrence in North America, and that some of his most basic teachings would be echoed again and again in the disciplines of


Objectives/Hypothesis: Direct connection between the sinonasal and intracranial cavities and passage of multiple instruments and graft materials through a contaminated field occur routinely during endoscopic pituitary and skull base surgery. Despite the theoretical risk of intracranial contamination with sinonasal flora, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection following such procedures is not well documented, and the ideal antibiotic regimen has yet to be determined.


Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus are common abnormalities in mature B‐cell neoplasms. Recent findings have also revealed their significant role in B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As a rule, IGH translocations generate transcriptional activation of the oncogene localized in the proximity of the breakpoint. In this study, we describe a pediatric case of B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia showing microRNA‐125b‐1 (MIR125B1) and BLID gene overexpression, resulting from a novel t(11;14)(q24.1;q32) translocation involving IGH. This is the first report describing the upregulation of a microRNA due to its juxtaposition to protein‐coding gene regulatory elements and the overexpression of two neighboring genes as a consequence of transcriptional enhancers localized in the vicinity of the IGH gene. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Because epidermal growth factor (EGF) is likely to be released in the glomeruli during glomerular injury and mesangial cells possess specific receptors for EGF, we thought it to be of interest to examine whether this growth factor could influence the expression of ectoenzymes in cultured human mesangial cells. EGF stimulated 5′–nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N activities in intact human mesangial cells in a time– (24–72 h) and dose–dependent (0.1–50 ng·ml–1) manner. Maximum stimulation represented 2.7– and 2–fold basal activities for 5′–nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N, respectively. EGF did not influence cyclic AMP production, and its effect on 5′–nucleotidase was additive to that of forskolin or 8–bromo–cAMP. In contrast, genistein (10 mg·ml–1), an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, prevented EGF–dependent stimulation of aminopeptidase N and 5′–nucleotidase, suggesting that protein phosphorylation was involved in the signaling mechanism. EGF stimulated specifically the latter two enzymes since it had no effect on other ectoenzymes including alkaline phosphodiesterase I and Mg2+–ATPase activities. These results demonstrate that EGF, via the control of 5′–nucleotidase and aminopeptidase N, which are implied in adenosine formation and peptide processing, respectively, could play a role in human cultured mesangial cell contractility and proliferation.


With the continued scaling down of device features surface roughness of silicides used as contacts is a growing concern. In this work we present an atomic force microscopy (AFM) study of thin CoSi/sub 2/ films formed by solid state reaction. Four structures, Co/Si, TiN/Co/Si, Ti/Co/Si and Co/Ti/Si, were used to form the silicide. A study of the thermal stability of these films was made. The topography and surface roughness of CoSi/sub 2/ related to thermal agglomeration were investigated in detail post-annealing at 950/spl deg/C with time duration varying from 60 to 300 s was applied to the CoSi/sub 2/ formed from Co/Si reaction. The surface roughness increases with the anneal time. With a TiN capping layer or Ti interfacial layer in deposited structures the surface roughness significantly decreases compared to that from Co/Si reaction, especially in the case of high temperature annealing processes. The sheet resistance of all CoSi/sub 2/ was measured by the four point probe technique and correlated to the roughness.


From Aristotle's Poetics to the twenty-first century's commentaries, distinguished philosophers have concerned themselves with art and literature. In most cases their interest has focused on the creative act itself, as in the work of Mikel Dufrenne in The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience1 or the later work of Martin Heidegger as is found in Poetry, Language, Thought.2 Another principal area of philosophical inquiry has been the languages of artistic expression as, for example, in the work of Nelson Goodman in Languages of Art,3 or Roman Ingarden in The Literary Work of Art.4 In the case of Paul Ricœur the interest in literature came in a roundabout way which he has called a necessary detour in his work on the human will. The complete work of Paul Ricœur is a profoundly humanistic interpretation of human experience; therefore, it was just a matter of time before he would turn his attention to literature. Early in a career that spanned seventy years, Ricœur developed an approach that would construe the question at issue in terms of conflict and struggle between two poles. His mediation between the opposite sides did not reduce one or the other, but rather elaborated the productive tension or


We prepared thioacetate derivatives of C60 for studying tip–substrate interactions in force microscopy. They are expected to make ideal hydrophobic surfaces over tips that are covered with thin gold films. Compound (1) has two attaching points by short chain to minimize damping of forces that is expected to be distinct in the case of long chain molecules, while compound (2) is only one attaching point with a long chain. Adsorption kinetics studies by microgravimetry using a quartz crystal microbalance and by contact angle measurements were performed to confirm chemisorption of the prepared compounds. Topographic images of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite attained using tips coated with these compounds do not show deterioration in resolution compared with images obtained using bare tips. On comparing force‐distance curves, compound (2) showed a possibility to be advantageous for force measurement experiments because surfaces covered with compound (2) were found to be more hydrophobic than others.


Over the years, a number of models of the general practice consultation have been written up in the literature. In 1979, for instance, Stott and Davis described the 'exceptional potential in each primary care consultation'.1 Personally, I reckon this is a bit over-optimistic and, if it had been me, I would have written about: ' The exceptional potential in most consultations, except on a Friday before a long weekend, or when I have a bad cold .'

Roger Neighbour, in The Inner Consultation , talked about the importance of connecting (pre-empting the world wide web by …


Measurements of the ac susceptibility, dc magnetization, magnetic relaxation, specific heat, and electrical resistivity of ${\mathrm{U}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrSi}}_{3}$ are reported. The investigated compound crystallizes in an ${\mathrm{AlB}}_{2}$-derived hexagonal structure and undergoes a ferromagnetic cluster glass transition at ${T}_{f}=10.5\mathrm{K}.$ Typical features of the ferromagnetic cluster glass state include (i) a frequency-dependent cusp in the ac susceptibility, (ii) an irreversibility in the temperature dependence of the dc magnetization, (iii) a very slow decay of the remanence, (iv) a small jump in the initial magnetization curve, and (v) a small specific heat anomaly, which contains a very small amount of magnetic entropy. The specific heat data also demonstrate a large value of the linear specific heat coefficient and the absence of true long-range magnetic order. Furthermore, a Kondo-effect-like behavior is observed in the temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity. It seems that both cluster glass freezing and Kondo-lattice effects make an impact on the low-temperature physical properties of ${\mathrm{U}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrSi}}_{3}.$


IntroductionIn Mexico, the artisanal fishing sector suffers from structural marginalization characterized by, on the one hand, the growing loss of economic autonomy and control over the economic activity, natural resources, and territory of artisanal fishing communities, and, on the other hand, by these groups' increasing social exclusion and the deterioration of the internal social bonds linking their members. Three main factors have led to this situation. First, the neo-liberal reforms introduced by the federal government have led, on the one hand, to an effort of diversification leading to the promotion of industrial fisheries and, on the other hand, to the increasingly frequent sale of coastal land to foreign investors. Second, a reduction of the government's involvement in the social sector of the fisheries, especially the artisanal fishery has led both to a decrease in the size and number of loans accorded to fishing co-operatives and to a deregulation process that has eliminated the co-operatives' exclusive control over certain species. Finally, despite diverse governmental initiatives to take into account the importance, heterogeneity, and needs of the artisanal fishing communities by commissioning scientific reports and organizing meetings with community leaders, bureaucrats, and scientists, these attempts remain insufficient and often irrelevant to the population concerned because they fail to acknowledge pivotal issues: poverty, environmental degradation, resource depletion and the internal atomization of fishing communities.This article offers a case study of structural marginalization in the artisanal fishing community of La Boquita, on the Mexican Pacific coast. This community owes its existence to the battle its members have led for the right to keep on fishing and to remain on the territory that they have now occupied for more than sixty years. As we shall see, their struggle revolves around three elements: (1) land conflicts with various government institutions that have repeatedly failed to respect community members' property rights, (2) the encroachment of the tourism industry on residential and productive areas, which severely damages the environment and its marine resources, (3) increased pressure from the sport fishing industry to limit the community's access to some demersal species, such as tuna, swordfish, and marlin, and to certain fishing zones. The combined conflicts of this context have embroiled community members in a constant and time-consuming mobilization process, and moreover have jeopardized the community's internal cohesion, rendering its future even more precarious. Let us first consider how the theory of political ecology allows us to analyze this dynamic.Political ecology and La Boquita's strugglePolitical ecology is a relatively new research field in the social sciences. It emerged in the 1980s from political economy, human geography, ecological anthropology, and human ecology as a testimony to a growing concern with the complex interactions between humans and the environment. Even though its definition is quite elusive and somewhat variable between researchers and academic backgrounds, Blaikie and Brookfield (1987: 17) identify some basic commonalities: The phrase political ecology combines the concerns of ecology and a broadly defined political economy. Together, this encompasses the constantly shifting dialectic between society and land-based resources, and also within classes and groups within the society itself.(...)The complexity of these relationships demands an approach which can encompass interactive effects, the contribution of different geographical scales and hierarchies of socioeconomic organizations (e.g. persons, household, village, region, state, world) and the contradiction between social and environmental changes through time.More succinctly, Bryant (1992: 13) proposes that "broadly, Third World political ecology may be defined as the attempt to understand the political sources, conditions and ramifications of environmental change. …


This observational cohort study by Andrew Edmonds and colleagues reports that treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) markedly improves the survival of HIV-infected children in Kinshasa, DRC, a resource-deprived setting.


The present research aims at giving an approach to the issue of surface water contamination due to micropollutants in rural areas. The catchment of the Sûre river was selected as a reference case for the Greater Region, characterized mainly by settlements with low population density, small water bodies and small- to medium-sized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For these WWTPs, conventional technical solutions for micropollutant elimination are not suitable; therefore, an adapted mitigation strategy is needed to prevent the impact of micropollutants, especially during the dry season. As a suitable alternative to more intensive technologies, Constructed Wetlands (CW) in Vertical Flow (VF) configuration have been successfully tested over a 1-year period and the elimination rate of 27 micropollutants was quantified. Emission reduction by VF was then considered in a static mass balance model that calculates the longitudinal concentration profile for the entire river catchment. The EmiSûre approach, which focuses on river quality (concentrations of pollutants) instead of emitted loads, effectively allowed simulation of adopted measures a priori and resulted in efficient support for decision-makers with WWTP upgrade scenarios.


∗ The number of older people is increasing rapidly in Mexico, and the projections estimate that this number will continuing growing in the next years. Furthermore, a considerable percentage of this sector of the population suffers some type of chronic illness and thus, have a complex medication regime to follow. Providing them their medication on time and monitoring their vital signs are essential tasks for the proper care of older adults in a nursing home. The main idea of this paper is proposing an assistant delivery robotic prototype for nursing homes capable of helping caregivers to deliver medications to inhabitants based on schedules configured via a graphical user interface. In addition, a function for vital signs registration for remote monitoring via an IoT dashboard is also proposed. The prototype is implemented using a TurtleBot3 as the main hardware platform and Robot Operating System as the framework to program the software.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To investigate in vitro microbiological susceptibilities of Candida vitreous endophthalmitis isolates using traditional and newer antifungal agents.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current study is a retrospective, consecutive case series of 17 vitreous culture-proven Candida endophthalmitis isolates from 2011 to 2017 from Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Susceptibilities to echinocandins, triazoles, polyenes, and nucleoside analogs were obtained.

RESULTS
The study isolates consisted of 59% C. albicans, 17% C. glabrata, 12% C. tropicalis, and 12% C. parapsilosis. Isolates demonstrated 100% sensitivity to all antifungals tested except anidulafungin (85% sensitive) and fluconazole (88.2% sensitive). Comparing in-class agents, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for voriconazole were lower than other triazoles, whereas micafungin had lower MIC values compared with other echinocandins.

CONCLUSION
Both traditional and newer antifungals included agents that were highly efficacious against in vitro Candida species. Although the authors' study data suggest that older, established antifungals are likely adequate for the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis, newer antifungal agents also can be considered. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:S13-S17.].


Study Design. This study investigates the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the structural integrity of vertebral bone in healthy rats. Objective. To determine the short-term (1 week) and intermediate term (6 weeks) effects of a single PDT treatment on the mechanical and structural properties of vertebral bone. Summary of Background Data. Spinal metastasis develops in up to one-third of all cancer patients, compromising the mechanical integrity of the spine and thereby increasing the risk of pathologic fractures and spinal cord damage. PDT has recently been adapted to ablate metastatic tumors in the spine in preclinical animal models. However, little is known about the effects of PDT on the structural integrity of vertebral bone. Methods. A single PDT treatment was administered to healthy Wistar rats at photosensitizer and light doses known to be effective in athymic rats bearing human breast cancer metastases. At both 1 and 6 weeks posttreatment, changes in trabecular architecture, global stiffness and strength of vertebrae were quantified using micro-CT stereological analysis and axial compression testing. Results. At 6 weeks, there was a significant increase in bone volume fraction (to 55.7 ± 11.1% vs. 38.5 ± 6.4%, P < 0.001) and decrease in bone surface area-to-volume ratio (16.9 ± 5.0/mm vs. 22.8 ± 4.5/mm, P = 0.001), attributed to trabecular thickening (130 ± 40 &mgr;m vs. 90 ± 20 &mgr;m, P < 0.001). Similar trends were found at 1 week after PDT. There was a significant increase in stiffness from control (306 ± 123 N/mm) at 1 week (399 ± 150 N/mm, P = 0.04) and 6 weeks (410 ± 113 N/mm, P = 0.05) post PDT. There was a positive trend toward increased ultimate stress at 1 week, which became statistically significant at 6 weeks compared with control (39.3 ± 11.3 MPa vs. 27.5 ± 9.5 MPa control, P = 0.002). Conclusion. Not only may PDT be successful in ablating metastatic tumor tissue in the spine, but the positive effects of PDT on bone found in this study suggest that PDT may also improve vertebral mechanical stability.


Background and aims: The relationship between liver cirrhosis and cholelithiasis has been the subject of many studies. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of cholelithiasis in cirrhosis and its relationship with the most common etiological factor of cirrhosis in our region, HBV hepatitis, by means of a case controlled sonographic survey. Material and methods: Eighty-five patients with liver cirrhosis who were hospitalized at Dicle University Hospital between September 2001 and June 2003 were included in the study. Sixty-five were male and 24 female, with an average age of 45.7 years. In addition, 86 relatives (55 male, 31 female with 46.8 average age) of outpatients who admitted to the polyclinics were selected as the control group. The etiological classification of liver cirrhosis was: 68 HBV hepatitis, 7 HCV hepatitis, 4 alcohol abuse, 3 autoimmune hepatitis, 2 Wilson's disease and 1 hemochromatosis. Nine were in Child A, 26 in Child B and 50 in Child C category. Classes for age were in three groups: 60. Hepatobiliary ultrasonography was performed on all subjects included in the study. Statistical analysis of data was performed using chi-square (Fisher's exact test as needed). Results: The overall prevalence of cholelithiasis in cirrhotic patients was 17.6% versus 6.9% in the control group (p=0.034, X2=4.51, OR=2.86, 95% CI =1.05-7.76). The prevalence showed an increasing rate with age (p0.05). Conclusions: Cirrhosis caused increase in the risk of cholelithiasis 2.86 times more than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the cholelithiasis rate in HBV hepatitis and in other etiological factors for cirrhosis in our region.


College students have increasing mental health needs; however, there has not been a related increase in services available. Mental health apps offer an avenue to support access to student mental healthcare. This study incorporated an indirect service-learning project involving evaluating and recommending mental health apps to the college counseling center into an undergraduate clinical psychology course in order to (1) increase student self-efficacy and depth of learning, and (2) increase evidence-based mental health app usage on a college campus. The project was implemented during an online, synchronous 3-week course and 15 students participated in the study. Student self-report of self-efficacy was measured pre- and post-course and quantitative and qualitative reflections on the project were gathered post-course. Student self-efficacy increased from pre- to post-course. Additionally, students reported that the project met pedagogical objectives by engaging students, aligning with course content, and addressing APA learning goals. The project holds promise as a means to improve student self-efficacy and enhance clinical psychology learning, while simultaneously disseminating evidence-based digital mental tools on college campuses. App evaluation as indirect service-learning could be implemented in many applied psychology courses across multiple of course formats and lengths.


ABSTRACT We study Chinese firms' stock market reactions of US–China trade war. Using stock market returns of listed firms and corresponding firm-level export information from China Customs database, we find a negative effect of trade war that firms with higher proportion of prior export to US show more negative market reactions. This effect is strongest among firms with non-state ownership. Further evidences show that the negative impact largely comes from firms exposed directly to tariff increase.


Natural connection between Gelfond-Leontyev generalized derivation operators (GDO) and Brenke polynomials is established. Operator extension criterion commuting with GDO up to continuous H(G) space is derived. Domain class when characteristic function of the complex convolution operator always has zero type, is described. Hypercyclic and random nature of the generalized complex convolution has been proved.


Photonics has the potential to significantly enhance electronics in various areas such as computing and communications [1]. By using photons as the information carrier rather than electrons, photonics can processmore data at higher frequencies with less power consumption than conventional electronics [2]. This is particularly evident in the field of photonic computing or photonic neural network [3]. In fact, simple mathematical functions such as matrix multiplication can be performed in photonics quite easily while electronics are power-hungry [4]. As an example, photonic accelerators process TB of information at the speed of light diffusion from a scattering media even in living systems [5, 6]. This is also apparent in integrated photonics where the use of the different wavelengths generated by frequency combs allows the processing of data at TOPS (teraflops operation per second) speed [7–9]. Despite these achievements, there is ample space for improvements when using photonics to complement electronics. In this Research Topic, the different contributions aim at addressing a few of these aspects. In particular, the use of integrated photonics for neural network applications. First, Xu et al. presented a review of the methods and applications of on-chip beam splitting [10]. These are fundamental components for any photonic integrated circuits since they allow the routing of the photons along different paths. The different principles and the properties of various designs are reviewed and compared. Then, Mekemeza-Ona et al. introduce the use of Q switched laser to realize photonic spiking neural networks Mekemeza-Ona et al. The paper is a modeling paper where the behavior and design of a side injection laser are discussed to mimic the different statuses of a biological neuron with the advantage of speed (ps), low power, and cascadability. Anothermodeling paper by Bauwens et al. proposes to use of photonic delay-based reservoirs as preprocessors for deep neural networks [11]. The idea is to map the input data into a hyperspace onwhich the following network canmore efficiently perform the analysis. A photonic reservoir computing model is used to allow speed and low power in the preprocessor. The limit of using thermally actuated weights in photonic feed-forward networks is discussed by Biasi et al. In the study, a two-layers network based on silicon photonics is demonstrated as being able to approximate non-linear surjective functions [12]. However, thermal cross-talk among the different network nodes has to be properly managed which might pose serious issues for large photonic integrated networks. Finally, Ortín et al. get inspiration from the complex biological structures of neurons to implement plasticity in a photonic neural network Ortín et al. As in neurons, where different OPEN ACCESS


Spinal anaesthesia may induce side effects such as haemodynamic disturbances. Recent literature has focused on respiratory and neurological complications of spinal anaesthesia. The mechanisms of these complications are discussed in this review.


We studied the temperature dependence of the reversible resistance switching in the bismuth titanate (BiTiO) film deposited by electron cyclotron resonance sputtering. The reversible resistance switching was observed at 5 K in both the low resistance state (LRS) and high resistance state (HRS) in the film. The resistance in the LRS decreased with increasing temperature, and remained unchanged regardless of an electrode-pad area. On the other hand, the resistance in the HRS increased with temperature, exhibiting the electrode-pad area dependence. From the cross-sectional transmission electron microscope image, nanocrystalline Bi4Ti3O12 particles were uniformly distributed in the BiTiO film. We proposed the mechanism of reversible resistance switching in BiTiO, that is, (1) the filament of conduction path was generated along the grain boundaries of the nanocrystalline particles by electroforming, (2) the LRS was switched-on, and (3) the filament was cut off by applying reverse bias voltages, switching back to the HRS. We verified the conduction of three-dimensional variable range hopping in the HRS.


The object detection on movie based on static camera using background subtraction mainly depends on threshold value of calculating the difference between current frame and previous one. Most of the research use fixed threshold value cause an error technique. In this research the threshold Value calculated depends on histogram gray level of the Frame. The result for moved object detection on the movie Enhanced in addition higher detection obtained than the previous technique. General Term Image processing


Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB) is a vehicle safety technology which has the potential to prevent a crash or reduce the impact speed of a crash. The technology can alert a driver to an imminent crash and help them use the maximum braking capacity of the car. AEB comes in three categories namely low speed, higher speed and pedestrian system. The pedestrian AEB system detects pedestrian movement in relation to the path of the vehicle to determine the risk of collision. AEB systems are designed to support the driver only in emergency situations and that the driver remains responsible for the vehicle at all times. The main aim of this study is to determine understanding of citizen in Malaysia and their willingness-to-pay for pedestrian AEB system to fit in their vehicle. The result of this research will find the willingness of Malaysia citizen to purchase with affordable range price of pedestrian AEB system and their understanding it function and the importance of this system nowadays. From this study, it can encourage car manufacturers in Malaysia to produce vehicles that fitted with pedestrian AEB system on their car as standard of ASEAN NCAP in the future.


Nowadays,employment of retired athletes not only connected with the sustainable development of Chinese sports,but also connected with the goal of building power sports nation.The result shows that there are three major issues on employment difficulty of Chinese retired athletes: the overall difficulty of retired athletes employment,and situation is more and more severe;employment is more difficult to athletes who are in vice-sports,such as gymnastics,diving,canoe-kayak,wrestling,weight lifting and so on,these sports is not popular in mass sports;injured athletes are more difficult to employment or work,then we should pay attention to the employment of retired injured athletes and their health.


Replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of coarse-grained poly- methylmethacrylate(PMMA) chains are performed. The coarse-grained force field for PMMA is developed based on the Iterative Boltzmann Inversion method. The proposed coarse-grained model, successfully reproduced the properties of the polymer melts (especially the melting point) obtained from atomistic simulations /experimental values, opens the door to the determination of the melting point of larger polymers.


One of the most important strategic decisions managers of small businesses make is deciding what products to introduce. Introducing the right product can improve firm performance. Introducing the wrong product, or even the right product at the wrong time can result in large losses and possibly jeopardize a firm's longevity. It is especially important to examine small firm managers ' product introduction decisions because they often use less formal procedures, have more power and face less organizational inertia. Thus, while their autonomy may allow them to act on their conclusions more readily, a lack of formality may generate  more judgment errors. Therefore, it's vital to understand the issues that should be considered in new product introductions and explore some of the common misperceptions small firm managers have regarding these issues.Toward this end, this study examined the success factors (component conditions that are prerequisites for the introduction's overall success) managers considered during recent new product introductions and their confidence in these factors' achievability. In an effort to determine where managers might be making their most critical decision errors, the authors also examined which success factors were the most difficult to achieve and which were most critical to overall product performance.


Multiple waveforms should be supported by the new generation wireless communication systems, in order to satisfy the requirements for various mobility scenarios. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been extensively adopted by various wireless communication systems, but it faces great challenges in high mobility scenarios due to large Doppler shift and Doppler spread effects. To overcome this challenge, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) has been recently proposed to exploit delay and Doppler diversities, which leads to superior performance to OFDM in high mobility scenarios. This excellent property empowers OTFS to become a promising waveform for high-mobility wireless communication systems (HMWCS). However, in low mobility scenarios, OTFS does not exhibit obvious performance superiority, and suffers from some additional processing complexity. In this paper, considering multi-mobility scenarios, we study the co-existence of OTFS and OFDM waveforms to achieve good tradeoffs between performance and complexity. By regarding OTFS as precoded OFDM, we design multi-waveform downlink transmission systems. We also study two schemes for the co-existence of OTFS and OFDM waveforms. The time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme enables OTFS users with high mobility and OFDM users with low mobility to be multiplexed in the time domain, while the frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme multiplexes OTFS users and OFDM users in the frequency domain. The simulation results show that both the FDM and TDM schemes improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of high mobility users. The results also show that the TDM scheme achieves superior BER performance to the FDM scheme.


A novel solution-processable electron acceptor based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and benzothiadiazole building blocks was designed and synthesized, which exhibited excellent solubility and thermal stability, and afforded 1.16% power conversion efficiency with high open-circuit voltage (1.08 V) when tested with the classical poly(3-hexylthiophene) electron donor in bulk-heterojunction solar cells. The open-circuit voltage reported here (∼1.1 V) is among the highest values for a single bulk-heterojunction device.


Abstract In general practice a group of patients referred to the counsellor for psychological help also suffer with physical pains considered to be hypochondriacal or psychosomatic. This article describes attempts to engage such patients, who show varying degrees of resistance, in a counselling relationship. Detailed descriptions are given of two clients with whom it was possible to penetrate massive somatic defences and to make contact with their mental pain and conflict. Both are female and although they share a similar physical pain, a bloated, sore, colicky stomach, this has a different meaning in each case. Bion's theory of the 'container-contained' structure between infant and mother, which facilitates the development of a capacity to think about mental pain, has application for the counselling relationship. Also, because of the primitive unconscious defences of splitting and projection which are operating, it is important for the counsellor and the GP to develop a good working relationship in order...


List of Illustrations. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Jumping into the Water: Simple Scenarios. Is This Business for You? Setting up Your Business. Beginning with a Buyer. Choosing Products and Suppliers. Marketing in the United States and Abroad. Money Matters. Packing, Shipping, and Insurance. Oh, Those Lovely Documents. Regulation of Foreign Trade. NAFTA, GATT, and Other Trade Pacts. Sources of Information and Help. Appendix A: Sample Market Study Outline. Appendix B: Guidelines for Business Planning. Appendix C: Possible Sources of Financing for Your Business. Appendix D: Sample Supply Agreements. Appendix E: U.S. Export Assistance Center Directory. Appendix F: Product Specific Customs Information. Index.


Is ethnic power-sharing gender-blind? If so, what are the consequences? And, what, if anything, can be done about it? This line of inquiry informed a 2-day workshop at Queen's University Belfast (QUB) in November 2015, which explored the intersections of ethnonationalism and gender in comprehensive peace processes, with a specific focus on the extent to which power-sharing theory and practice can address new challenges emanating from the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, as embodied in United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) and other subsequent resolutions. That conversation continues with this special issue. As the guest editors, we asked the contributors—many of them participants at the QUB workshop—to focus their analysis on three themes:


Pilgrimage to a shrine of healing in northern New Mexico provides a ritual possibility for a community's passionate response to human suffering. Drawn to their substantial and robust performances, I join one of several groups traveling to the sacred site. During the passage I am guided by fellow travelers whose practices resist the silence of a society more receptive to a discourse of pleasure than of pain. As the pilgrims figuratively and literally gather the concerns of villagers along the route, they manifest this distress in their bodies as they make their way across the landscape. In an autoethnography of my journey, I explore my physical, emotional, and intellectual participation in the habitus of a pilgrim as I am confronted by the question of compassion at the center of my life.


Atmospheric methane concentrations have risen from 823 ppb in 1841 to 1824ppb in 2013. In that time methane concentrations have risen more rapidly than carbon dioxide levels. Methane also has twenty-one times more global warming potential than carbon dioxide which makes methane an increasingly important greenhouse gas. Demand for potentially cleaner energy sources such as coal seam gas (CSG) has also brought more attention to methane and the need to understand the global methane budget. While the majority of sources and sinks have been identified their individual contributions to the atmosphere are poorly understood. New technology using Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) allows for parts per billion atmospheric variations in greenhouse gas concentrations to be measured every 2-4 seconds. Methane concentrations were measured at a number of field sites including natural and anthropogenic sources, both as background levels in the atmosphere and inside a closed flux chamber. In the swamps examined in this study methane flux as measured using the flux chamber varied by up to two orders of magnitude for the same wetland. These results suggest that it is difficult to accurately determine the global output of methane from wetlands. The CRDS was also used to measure atmospheric concentrations of methane around cities, farms, coal mines and CSG production areas. CRDS is a useful tool to help understand individual sources and how much methane they could emit.


There has been a considerable improvement in the survival of patients with ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) since the introduction of immunosuppressive therapy. Nowadays early deaths are attributable to infection while cardiovascular disease, infection and malignancy are the most common causes in long term mortality in these patients. High-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide have numerous dose-dependent adverse effects and are associated with those events. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety a low dose glucocorticoids, low dose cyclophosphamide, rituximab treatment protocol in AAV patients.

 This is a single-centre cohort study of patients on a combination of reduced-dose oral glucocorticoids, rituximab and low-dose pulsed intravenous cyclophosphamide followed by a maintenance regimen of rituximab and tapered steroid for the treatment of AAV (table). Data shown as median (IQR).

 Nine patients (3 women) aged 62.4 (55/67.8) years, with serum creatinine (sCre) 2.15 (1.8/2.5) mg/dL, eGFR CKD-EPI 28 (20/39) ml/min/1.73 m2, albuminuria 0.98 (0.57/1.45) gr/24 h and BVAS 14 at baseline were treated with the mentioned protocol. Seven patients had MPO and 2 had double MPO/PR3 positivity. Two were already on dialysis and 4 had pulmonary involvement. The median follow-up was 19 (12.5/39) months. One patient required the addition of plasma exchange and extended treatment due to aggressive disease and one was lost to follow-up after four months. The rest of the 7 patients were dialysis free with a sCre 2.15 (1.8/2.5) mg/dL, eGFR 28 (20/39) ml/min/1.73 m2 at the end of follow-up. Patient and renal survival were 88% and 100% respectively. 85.7% of patients achieved ANCA-negative status and all remained B cell deplete at 6 and 18 months. There were no major relapses, while two patients had infection related hospitalization. No unexpected side effects were observed during follow-up.

 These findings confirm the literature that a combined regimen provides early disease control with low relapse rates, without significant adverse effects from immunosuppression. A regimen like this may provide the basis for further refinement of remission induction protocols in AAV, potentially allowing early withdrawal of corticosteroids.


The GBAR experiment will time the free fall of cold antihydrogen atoms dropped onto an annihilation plate to test the universality of free fall on antimatter. In this contribution, we study the quantum reflection of the anti-atom resulting from the Casimir-Polder attraction to the plate. We evaluate the Casimir-Polder potential and the associated quantum reflection amplitudes and find that reflection is enhanced for weaker potentials. A Liouville transformation of the Schr\"odinger equation is used to map the quantum reflection problem onto an equivalent problem of scattering on a barrier, leading to an intuitive understanding of the phenomenon.


Previous research has found an empirically based method for calculating the effective net area defined by stress distributions created by tensile loads in steel connections. Based on the results from that method a theoretical alternative is explored to simplify the process of determining the effective net area.


In this paper we investigate hardware implementation of AES-128 cipher standard on FPGA technology. In many network applications software implementations of cryptographic algorithms are slow and inefficient. To solve that problems custom architecture in reconfigurable hardware was proposed to speed up the performance and flexibility of Rijndael algorithm implementation. We aimed to achieve the maximum speed and efficiency of cipher process, therefore pipeline architecture of AES module was proposed. The investigations involved simulations and synthesis of VHDL code utilizing Virtex4 series of Xilinx.


Although usually neglected in aerodynamics, radiation can present the main heat transfer mechanism in some aerodynamic applications and cause significant changes in the behaviour of the flow. Such applications typically include very high-temperature conditions such as hypersonic flow during reentry and hot gas in combustion systems. In these cases, radiative heat transfer must be properly accounted for and the divergence of the radiative heat flux must be added as a source term to the energy budget of the flow. To solve the radiative transfer equation, in this thesis work, use is made of the emission reciprocity based Monte Carlo formulation. To generate spectra, for combustion problems, a routine utilising the High-Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption database was written. For hypersonic problems, NASA's NEQAIR was adjusted and implemented. The radiation solver was further coupled with INCA CFD and validated using 14 different simulation cases. Several techniques of solution acceleration were also proposed and tested to reduce the computational requirements of the developed solver, including smart spectral discretisation methods and the use of a multilayered grid separating the radiative and spectral solutions.


The functional expansion of the operating model of a slightly inclined lengthy atmospheric path is described. The experimental setup contains the module of signal beam profile control, the module of a path state active meteooptic control and the module of a beam inclination adaptive correction. The testing results for the designed hardware-software complex under the on-line monitoring of dynamic and stochastic optical parameters of the path are presented. The spatial anisotropy of stochastic and dynamic parameters of the path and the beam was investigated experimentally. The tests of hardware-software adaptive control module for the beam energy center control were carried out using a combination of proportional, integral and differential correction algorithms with the demonstration of the response anisotropy on adaptive impact.


The utility model discloses a fume recycling waste incineration boiler which comprises a boiler steel bracket and a hearth mounted on the boiler steel bracket, wherein a grate mounting bracket is arranged below the hearth; a reciprocation mechanical grate is mounted on the hearth mounting bracket; a first shaft flue, a second shaft flue, a third shaft flue, a horizontal flue, a first vertical tail part flue and a second vertical tail part flue are sequentially connected behind a fume outlet in the top of the hearth; a fume outlet A in the lower part of the second vertical tail part flue is connected with fume recycling nozzles on a front hearth outlet wall and a rear hearth outlet wall through a fume recycling system; a dust collector is arranged between the outlet of the first vertical tail part flue and the inlet of the second vertical tail part flue. By adopting the boiler, the waste can be incinerated and treated, and at the same time dried sludge can also be incinerated; the fume exhaust heat loss of the boiler is reduced by more than 15%; the heat efficiency is improved by more than 2.2%; the amount of dust carried by the boiler outlet fume is reduced by more than 90%; the continuous operation time of the boiler is long; effects of high efficiency, energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.


Following an earlier publication ("BP" No. 2/2018) on the causes of stress in medical staff at psychiatric and addiction treatment wards, this article presents examples of methods of stress prevention, related to emotional requirements and patients' aggression, the principal sources of stress in this occupational group. This article also presents examples of methods aimed at promoting health.


Wen-Hao Zhou, 2 He Liu, Feng Li, Yi-Feng Sun, Jun Xu, 1 and Che Ming Ko Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Science School, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 073000, China Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Via S. Sofia 62, I-95123 Catania, Italy Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China Cyclotron Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA (Dated: September 16, 2021)


Although immigration played a significant role in Thailand's population growth in the later 19th century, the volume decreased in the 20th century and has been negligible since a quota system was implemented in 1949. Emigration is also relatively minor. By 1950 the mortality transition was well underway. The decline was rapid from 1950-65 but since then the pace of decline has slowed. With international immigration and mortality relatively low and unlikely to change dramatically, fertility is the major factor determining population growth in Thailand. A series of national sample surveys between 1969-79 indicate that marital fertility declined by close to 40% in that time. Contraceptive knowledge is now close to universal among married women, and the proportion using a method has increased from fewer than 15% of married women in 1969-70 to over 50% in 1981. Indirect evidence suggests that induced abortion, although illegal, increased in the past decade and may be quite widespread. Fertility differentials by education, occupation, rural-urban residence, and income are evident. The Thai national family planning program facilitated the rapid changes that took place but did not entirely explain them. The level of socioeconomic development does not appear to be the reason, but possibly the cultural context and the rapid expansion of the communication and transportation networks were the cause. The goal of the present development plan to reduce the population growth rate to 1.5% by 1986 is ambitious but feasible if fertility continues to decline rapidly in the Northeast, to decline in the Center and South, and to decline slowly in the North. An effective plan and action programs should be developed and implemented to achieve the goal. Easy availability and accessibility of family planning services including a variety of methods, appropriate incentives and disincentives including continued free distribution of pills, development of appropriate information, education and communication techniques, population education programs, and revision of laws consistent with population policy should be included in the program.


Feminist theory is one of the theories that discusses how women advocate for themselves in social life. This article aims to discuss the development of feminist accounting research in Indonesia. Literature studies were chosen in this article to enrich the forms and variations of feminist accounting research. Feminist issues cannot be analyzed with a quantified gender dichotomy. The role of women in the accounting profession is quite diverse. The methods and approaches used in feminist research are commonly used in other studies. This article is expected to serve as a catalyst for the development of future feminist accounting research


Abstract Fifty-seven traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients were compared to fifty-five age and education-matched normal controls on a memory paired associate task. The TBI patients showed worse memory performance and longer study times than controls. There was no difference between the groups in the frequency of using a pencil and paper compensation to perform the task. Controls who used a compensation tended to perform at a higher level, but this was not true for TBI patients. Failure to benefit immediately from a compensation may help explain why some TBI patients resist using them during neuropsychological rehabilitation.


Objective To explore the influencing factors of disinfections as well as to determine the dangerous sub-factors applying binary logistic regression analysis method,and provides some effective measures for the control of the cross-infection in oral clinics.Methods Selects 82 oral clinics at the general hospitals and dental clinics that have the health supervisor section approval admit.Collects the questionnaire during Jan.2004 to Mar.2006 and the outcome of inspecting air sample,the degree of bacilli contaminated on the objects,asepsis instruments sample and the hands of doctors and nurses,then carry on the analysis.Results The disinfections effect in oral clinics will be directly influenced by the size of clinic area,the amount of medical equipment,the method of disinfections,the system of controlling cross-infection in hospitals as well as the personnel's educational degree on dentistry.The disinfections effect human resource and cross-infection control system in dentist clinics are all worse than in general hospital clinics.Conclusion The appropriate extension of the building area for medical treatment use,assurance pollution area,sweep the area and take a rest the demarcation of the area,tight disinfections system,can prevent from the infection inside the hospital,raise the medical treatment result.Medical personnel defend the protection by one's own,the earnest performance disinfects work,can lower the germs pollution of the object surface,and thus raise the disinfections result.Medical personnel must wash hands according to standard.Guarantee of the density and correct use of disinfections liquid is one of the important measures to prevent from nosocomial infection.


At present determine the lead, the copper in food commonly used atom absorption law. This article proposed dissolves at the same time the law with the electric potential to determine the lead, the copper in the tea. This method instrumentation equipment simple, and easy to popularize the promotion, it concentrates through the electrodeposition, concentrated the low density ion, enhanced the sensitivity. The sample after the aqueous method digestion, the suitable dilution might the immediate determinant, this law be possible at the same time to determine in the tea the lead, the copper content, the method simple, fast, the sensitivity high, reappears the nature to be good, very good usability.


This research will be based on by some of the problems found in the male students grade XI SMA Negeri 1 Kampar Utara, they are: many students can't do straddle style the high jump correctly, the results of the students high jump are still less satisfying, it is seen from the high of students jump-up maximum are still low, it is not complete in doing technique of straddle style the high jump, it is seen from the students still often who could not pass the bar with smooth and part of their body touches the bar so that the bar has been dropped, in addition it caused by less good mastery of the technique , inadequate physical condition so that it does not support in straddle style the high jump, the last facilities and infrastructure are lacking sufficient, it caused less motivation of students and tends to lazy to do the high jump with a consideration that they are fear of injury, etc.
This research aims to know the contribution of leg muscle explosive power to the results of straddle style the high jump at male students class XI SMA Negeri 1 Kampar Utara.
The type of research used is korelasional (correlation). The population is male student class XI SMA Negeri 1 Kampar Utara, while the sample is the male student class XI IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Kampar Utara, as much as 10 students. The instruments used are the measurement of leg muscle explosive power (vertical Jump) and the high jump tests. Technique of data analysis to calculate the contribution results is vertical jump test in doing the high jump.
From the test results of data x and y obtained a correlation (r count) = 0.635. After being compared with r table values in n-2 (20-2) = 18, is r (99%) = 0.561, r (95%) = 0.444 or r count> r table or 0.635> 0.561> 0.444. While the result of variable contribution between X and Y is 40%. Thus it can be concluded that there are relationships between leg muscle explosive power to straddle style the high jump's ability at male students Class XI SMA Negeri 1 Kampar Utara, as much as 20 students.
Keyword: Contribution of leg muscle explosive power, straddle style the high jump's result


OBJECTIVE
DNA methylation data can be used to derive mitotic indices from complex tissues. Here, we assessed if the DNA methylation-derived mitotic ageing indices are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and recurrence-free survival (RFS).

METHODS
DNA methylation-based mitotic indices (MitoticAge, TNSC and hypoSC) were derived using algorithms "MitoticAge" and "epiTOC2" for the discovery [non-malignant (n = 22), premalignant (n = 22) and OSCC (n = 68) tissues] and validation datasets (GSE87053, GSE136704 and TCGA-HNSCC). Differences in mitotic indices between non-malignant, premalignant and OSCC tissues were assessed. Finally, the association between estimated mitotic indices and RFS was evaluated in OSCCs.

RESULTS
In the discovery and validation datasets, increased mitotic ageing was observed in OSCC compared to non-malignant and premalignant oral tissues. HPV-positive HNSCCs had higher mitotic index TNSC. Mitotic age index hypoSC was associated with RFS in OSCC (p = 0.011, HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.24-5.48).

CONCLUSIONS
DNA methylation-derived mitotic indices are associated with OSCC development and RFS. Thus, DNA methylation-derived mitotic indices may be a valuable research tool to reliably estimate the cumulative number of stem cell divisions in malignant and non-malignant oral tissues. Future research utilizing mitotic indices for predicting clinical outcomes in OSCC is warranted.


The Polish People's Theater in Lviv is an extraordinary stage in many respects. It was founded in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1958 by a retired Polish language teacher, Piotr Hausvater. He gathered around him a group of enthusiasts, amateurs who over the years managed to create a team that played not only in the Soviet Union, but also outside its borders. There were no professionals among the actors, but the Theater reached a fully professional level and won numerous awards, presenting plays in Polish in the difficult conditions of a totalitarian state. Pupils, students, workers, engineers, teachers and intellectuals - all devoted their private time to create art for charity. The effect of their work was for many Poles in the USSR the only contact with their native language. It was also a way to become acquainted with the cultural heritage of the country with which they still felt a bond. Interestingly, the band was made up not only of people with Polish roots, but also Ukrainians and Russians. It was the Russian artist Valery Bortyakov who managed the Theater after its director, Zbigniew Chrzanowski, had to leave the Soviet Union due to repressions for laying flowers at the monument to Adam Mickiewicz in Lviv. The theater managed to survive the communist repressions and successfully operates to this day, in free Ukraine.


The go-west campaign points out a good approach to developing western parts of China,and making full use of this chance can boost the economic development in West China.Introduction of talents can improve the talent resources and,educating adults in countryside can improve the quality of rural labors.Therefore,paying attention to adult education in countryside is an important step in furthering the development of economy.


Sexual fantasies, particularly those with a sadomasochistic component, are difficult to research and not well understood. Psychoanalysis has provided some of the most interesting accounts of such fantasies. However, even the richest and most empathic of these are couched in the vocabulary of pathology and within the context of normative genital maturity. In this article, the work of Robert Stoller is reconsidered from the theoretical perspective of existential phenomenology. It is argued that a recognition of the ambiguity of experience and perception helps make sense of the erotic imagination in a way that does not pathologise it.


When French foreign minister Laurent Fabius brought down the gavel on the Paris Agreement on 12 December 2015, the international community reached a goal that had eluded it for six years: an updated and universal climate change agreement. It owed much to France's diplomacy over the preceding 12 months, together with efficient, firm and innovative handling of the conference itself. Fundamental to the success of the Conference of the Parties (COP21) was the commitment at all levels from President Hollande down to engage with the broadest range of parties and non-state actors. The fruits of France's engagement were nowhere more apparent than in the small island states' comment in the final plenary that this was the first time they felt they had been listened to at a COP.


Gram-stained sections prepared in a microtome-cryostat and examined by light microscopy confirmed the observation with scanning electron microscopy made by other workers that microbes inhabit a zone adjacent to the mucosal surface of the proximal colon of mice. Microbes in the midcolon, in contrast, are restricted to the fecal pellets occupying the intestinal lumen.


Background. Academic literature has shown that working conditions created by ethical leaders might have positive as well as negative consequences for the employees. Research has revealed that it might contribute to employees"™ workaholism and occupational burnout, but this relationship is still controversial. Purpose. The aim of the current study was to investigate the significance of a perceived ethical leadership style for the relationship between employees"™ workaholism and occupational burnout. Method. The study involved 302 (41 men and 261 women) employees working in different Lithuanian organizations. A perceived ethical leadership style was assessed with the help of Brown, Trevino, & Harrison"™s (2005) questionnaire. The 10-item Dutch Work Addiction Scale developed by Schaufeli, Taris, & Bakker (2009) was used for the measurement of workaholism. Occupational burnout was measured using Copenhagen Burnout Inventory by Kristensen, Borritz, Villadsen, & Christensen (2005). Results. The results revealed that workaholism, personal and work-related burnout of employees who consider their leaders as more ethical is lower than of those who consider their leaders to be less ethical. Relationship between client-related burnout and excessive work of the employees who consider their leaders as more ethical is weaker than of those, who consider their leaders to be less ethical. Conclusions. Overall, the findings support that employee attitudes towards their leader are important for the occupational burnout and proneness to workaholism. Therefore, an ethical leadership style must be considered when addressing physical and psychological well-being of employees.


In this work we present a new proposal to study the primary radiation mass composition at low energies for atmospheric extended showers (EAS), using detectors called Trasgos (TRack and time reconStructinG bOx). There consist on a stack of timing Resistive Plate Chambers (tRPC) with the advantages of high time and space resolution, as well as tracking capabilities. These characteristics allow us to analyze the arrival of the secondary particles and the fine structure of the EAS front. Our simulations consider the lateral distribution of particles near to the core of the EAS, where the electromagnetic to muonic ratio depends more strongly of the effective cross section, i.e. the mass of the primary particle.


Exponential-growth bias (EGB) is the tendency for individuals to partially neglect compounding of exponential growth. We develop a model wherein biased agents misperceive the intertemporal budget constraint, and derive conditions for overconsumption and dynamic inconsistency. We construct an incentivized measure of EGB in a US-representative population and find substantial bias, with approximately one third of subjects estimated as the fully biased type. The magnitude of the bias is negatively associated with asset accumulation, and does not respond to a simple graphical intervention.


This section discusses both the information related to assessing health effects of PFAS in humans (Section 7.1) and the adverse effects on ecological (nonhuman) species (Section 7.2). Section 7.1 provides information on human biomonitoring and exposure, toxicokinetics, toxicology in mammalian species, and human epidemiology for long-chain and short-chain PFAAs and the perand polyfluorinated ether carboxylates (PFECAs) commonly known as the GenX chemicals and ADONA. The section is supplemented by additional material on each of these topics, which is included as Section 17.2. Section 7.2 is organized to include ecological toxicology information on invertebrates (aquatic, benthic, terrestrial), vertebrates (fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals), and plants. PFAS ecotoxicology data summary tables have been developed as separate Excel spreadsheets.


Abstract The work described in this paper was undertaken to elucidate the relationship between the distribution of humus substances in soil profiles, and the types of soil formation. The humus content in the soils and the amount of humus dissolved in various salt solutions from the soils were determined. The content of soluble humus and the proportion of calcium humus were represented by the solubility values described in the previous paper. Also the proportion of humus soluble in 5 per cent alum solution to the humus soluble in a solution containing 2 per cent sodium pyrophosphate and 1 per cent sodium hydroxide was calculated.


This paper discusses the changes and resulting opportunities which affect the POM profession in the 1980's. Some of the current forces for change are: governmental intervention In business, the changing make-up of the economy, the current era of shortages, the rapid growth in technology, and our own desires for change. Three opportunities are also presented: to develop a complete POM management information system, to address the needs of the service industry, and to advance new concepts and techniques in POM.


Digestion of histologic sections with Streptomyces hyaluronidase releases hyaluronic acid from hyaluronic acid-containing mucosubstances. Such treatment diminishes noticeably or eliminates the alcianophilia (pH 2.5) and metachromatic azurophilia (pH 4.5) of these mucosubstance-containing tissues. The present enzyme digestion procedure furnishes a useful method for the localization of hyaluronic acid in mucosaccharide histochemistry.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the 2008 Chinese stimulus program on earnings management.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a sample period from 2004 to 2011 (per-stimulus period: 2004-2007 and post-stimulus period: 2008-2011), the authors compare the change in earnings management between the firms that received the stimulus funds and those that did not receive the stimulus funds.

Findings
The authors find that from the pre- to post-stimulus period, the recipient firms experienced a greater increase in downward accrual management and a greater decrease in real management than the non-recipient firms did. This result is primarily driven by the non-state-owned enterprises and firms using non-Big-Four auditors.

Originality/value
The results suggest that the earnings management level is ultimately determined by the underlying economic and political factors influencing managers' and auditors' incentives (Cohen, 2008; Ball et al., 2003). Meanwhile, some mechanisms, such as high-quality audit (Eshleman and Guo, 2014) and state ownership (Wang and Yung, 2011) can also play a role in determining the level of earnings management.


We describe how protons with energies of 800 MeV or greater can be used as radiographic probes for material characterization. A feature which distinguishes protons from x-rays is their charge, which results in multiple Coulomb scattering effects in proton radiographs. Magnetic lensing can ameliorate these effects and even allow mixed substances to be disentangled. We illustrate some of these effects using 800 MeV protons radiographs of a composite step wedge composed of Aluminum, Foam, and Graphite. We discuss how proton radiographs must be manipulated in order to use standard tomographic reconstruction algorithms. We conclude with a brief description of an upcoming experiment, which will be performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory at 25 GeV.


The main purpose of this research was to study at vocational colleges in Eastern Anatolia Region to find out the problems faced by the students. This study, in general, covers the problems of the students attending vocational schools along with the problem of those students who are attending vocational schools in Eastern Anatolia Region and mainly aims to be informative and guiding about the both general and regional content of ongoing problems. To serve for this purpose, core data was gathered and analyzed based on the qualitative research techniques by using focus groups and in-depth interviews. Findings that are related to the problems and needs of social and physical environment, courses, faculty, housing, transport and leisure, and a sense of belonging have been discovered. Based on those findings, various factors arising from regional differences in the heart of the problems faced by the students has been determined. However, along with that, social and physical environment are considered as a group of factors shaping the existing problems and affecting the student's learning processes. Also as a result of the information gained through qualitative data collection and analysis techniques, main factors, related to problematic areas that most of the students commonly encountered, and a lot of elements, affecting those factors, are detected and solution for those problems are presented


With the era of information,work in the people's daily life in the increasingly extensive application of large-scale MIS information storage and security has drawn increasing concern,this paper such a remote backup system to the corresponding solutions.


As animals move through their environment, they must respond to different levels of predation risk in different habitats. We demonstrate that tadpoles use habitat odors to learn about the overall risk associated with specific habitats. Tadpoles adjusted their antipredator behavior to match the risk experienced in different habitats, becoming neophobic (fearful of novel odors) in high-risk habitats. However, responses were not consistent across habitat types, and tadpoles did not use habitat cues when learning about predators.


approved:_____________________________________________________ Gerd Bobe Blackberry pomace (BBP), a byproduct from juice processing, is often disposed of in landfills. We propose BBP as an antioxidant-rich feed supplement for transition dairy cows. To explore the effects of BBP on antioxidant status, 24 multiparous dairy cows (5 Holstein and 19 Jersey) were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups, receiving 0, 56.7, or 113.4 g dried BBP/day as topdressing to feed (0, 1,844, or 3,688 μM Trolox equivalents Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, respectively). Supplementation started 28 days before expected parturition and ended 28 days after. Blood samples were collected once a week during supplementation and every other day in the weeks before and after parturition. Plasma Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was used to indicate antioxidant status. PROC MIXED in SAS version 9.4 was used for data analysis; fixed effects being breed, supplementation, time, and the interaction between supplementation and time. Repeated measures within the same cow were modeled using heterogeneous compound symmetry. Overall, BBP supplementation did not alter plasma FRAP concentrations (p = 0.99). Plasma FRAP concentrations did not change around calving (p = 0.40). Holsteins had higher plasma FRAP concentrations than Jerseys (540 ± 34 μM vs. 443 ± 16 μM; p = 0.01).


Current computer systems encode data in sequences of the binary unit, the bit. The quest of designing faster processors is one of the most important in modern society. However, reducing the size of transistors and thus CPUs is limited to the size of single atoms. Modern fabrication techniques employed in industry achieve structures at scales down to 22nm. Hence, new computation schemes are necessary to continue construction of better processors. Expanding the properties of the bit is a scheme widely spread in the condensed matter community. The most promising ansatz is to enable the bit to not only take states 0 and 1 but also any superposition of the two and thus providing a new set of operations. Essentially, this concept takes the bit into the world of quantum mechanics and marks the genesis of the qubit. Numerous proposal for the implementation of the qubit exist. However, an electron spin confined to a quantum dot (QD) turns out to be the most natural realization of the qubit. Hence, knowledge of QD properties is essential to the fabrication of an efficient and powerful quantum computer.

In the first part of this thesis we study a QD tunnel coupled to one dimensional conductors (1D), in particular edge states of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) samples. Our proposed setup combines two regimes that individually attract tremendous scientific effort. The QD is in the Coulomb blockade regime. Hence sequential tunneling processes from edge state via the QD to the other edge state are suppressed. Thus, we focus on cotunneling, i.e.\ second order processes transferring a particle directly from one edge to the other. 1D conductors are strongly correlated systems that reveal interesting elementary excitations. Especially FQH edge states at filling factor 5/2 have been identified to exhibit excitations obeying non-Abelian statistics. Renormalization group calculations show that the relevant excitations are quasiparticles of both quarter and half of the elementary charge. We determine the cotunneling conductance via the QD for different kinds of charge carriers, in particular electrons and quasiparticles of fractional charge e/2 and e/4. On the one hand, we find that the electron cotunneling conductance is strongly suppressed while on the other hand both e/2 and e/4 quasiparticles exhibit distinctive signatures in the cotunneling lineshapes. Our findings provide a test of the Moore-Read wavefunction based on a simple transport measurement.

The second part is devoted to the response of a qubit to external fields. In particular, we study the electron spins confined to self-assembled InAs QDs of pyramidal shape. We present a trial wavefunction obeying hard-wall boundary conditions for a pyramidal geometry. Starting from the band structure of the bulk material we model the QD by adding strain and hard-wall confinement potential according to the considered geometry. Furthermore, we account for external electric and magnetic fields. We decouple the conduction band from the valence band and find the spectrum of the bound electron states in the QD. Finally, we extract the g factor and analyze the dependence on the direction of the external fields. Depending on the respective electronic states, we find a variety of g factor anisotropies suitable for determination by a simple transport measurement. We find both qualitatively good agreement with recent measurements and shapes not yet observed in experiments. At last, we conclude that our findings can be employed to control the splitting of qubit states and therefore should prove useful for qubit manipulation.


Crystalline CaSi1/3B2/3O8/3 is observed in situ by high-temperature XRD during heating (first XRD reflections at 740 °C) from a corresponding glassy composition in the CaO—SiO2—B2O3 ternary system prepared by CaCO3, SiO2, and B2O3 mixtures (Pt crucible, 1200—1500 °C, 2 h, quenching).


This study examines the effects of Group Support Systems (GSS) and group process on group decision outcome. Prior GSS research largely studies group outcome and neglects to study group process in GSS use. The current research therefore intends to bridge this gap by focusing on the group process in GSS use and examining the effects of GSS and group process on group outcome. The research findings reported that GSS had an impact on both group process and group decision outcome. The implications of the research findings are discussed and future studies to GSS researchers are finally presented.


content. In the comparison of the liver-glycogen results from untreated and salicylate-treated rats no value ofP less than 0-3 was obtained. The effect of salicylate on the blood glUcose and liver glycogen ofnornl rats. Table 3 shows that there was no significant change of blood glucose in the salicylate-treated rats, but that a marked fall in liver glycogen occurred 4 and 7 hr. after the salicylate injection. This depletion appeared to be temporary and partial replacement of the glycogen had occurred in 24 hr. Our results are in agreement with those reported by Lutwak-Mann (1942), except that this worker found in some experiments that 24 hr. after treatment, glycogen in the livers of salicylatetreated rats was greater than that of the controls.


by the rush of events in the aftermath of the failed coup attempt of August, 1991, Hill's "Advice for Western Christians" does provide a sound nine-point guide for interaction with Soviet believers. Likewise, the Appendix serves the activist's further interest with a list of agencies, publishing houses and broadcasters. AlI-in-alI, Hill's thorough overview of religion during five years of glasnost provides a retrospective compendium of the events and volatile dynamics (democratic groups, religious versus secular world views, nationalism, economic perestroika) which continue to operate in the pluralistic chaos of the Soviet state. This insightful author no doubt will perform additional services to Western Christians through forthcoming publications on this complex and intriguing topic.


e15569 Background: Effective cancer biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, or prediction of therapy response are urgently need in metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). Soluble cytokeratin 18 frag...


The article is devoted to the research of Italian reminiscences in Zaytsev's memoirs "Moskva" and "Dalekoe". The article shows the favorite theme of the writer Italy and its art, especially the creative work of Dante and Petrarch. Through their fates he reviews the theme of his own exile. On the ground of Bachtin' theory of "chuzhoe slovo" the author of the article singles out allusions, quotations etc., connected with the creative legacy of the greatest Italian artists. The study compliments the overall picture of the poetics of Zaytsev' memoirs.


The fact that Nigerian traditional rulers exercise genuine political clout today, whereas their Nigerien counterparts are clearly subordinate, or that Nigerien school pupils are much better able to express themselves in French than Nigerian pupils are in English, struck the author very forcefully. But Miles also demonstrates that these variations underpin a strong sense of difference between communities living on either side of what is otherwise an imaginary line. Although Nigeriens may pass as Nigerians—for example, in the context of the hajj—Miles presents a convincing case to the effect that distinct national traditions have come into existence. This is a finding of some significance for other parts of Africa as well. The pronounced anglophone-francophone divide in contemporary Cameroon, for example, would seem to point in a similar direction. If one were to express one regret about what is otherwise an excellent book, it would be that there is comparatively little about the uses to which the boundary itself has been put. In particular, one would have liked to have read more about the networks involved in cross-border smuggling. Be that as it may, this book is highly recommended to anyone interested in the colonial impact upon West Africa. For those engaged in boundaries research it is essential reading. The fact that Miles was able to shuttle between Yardaji and Yekuwa on horseback is testimony to the fact that this particular border is not especially sensitive. The relatively harmonious relations between the Nigerian and Nigerien authorities are exemplified by the Transborder Co-operation Workshop which was held in Kano in 1989. The workshop brought together government officials, traditional rulers and academics (including Miles) in an attempt to foster closer links across the border. The credit for organising the workshop and for the Herculean task of publishing the fifty-four papers (in English and French) goes to two Nigerian historians who were seconded to the National Boundary Commission in the 1980s, namely A. I. Asiwaju and B. M. Barkindo. Their collection can be read both as a commentary and as a significant historical document in its own right. The papers fall into roughly three categories: those that deal in an academic manner with the history and contemporary significance of the border; some fairly technical papers that deal with surveying, mapping and legal aspects; and the formal speeches of government officials and traditional rulers. It is of some interest to note the variations of tone and emphasis as between the contributions. Hence, while the academic participants tended to insist on the importance of facilitating freedom of movement, officials were more concerned about checking smuggling and other criminal activities. The papers are not of a uniformly high standard and there is a certain amount of repetition between them. However, the volume contains enough solid contributions to make it a worthwhile exercise. Again, it may be considered as essential reading for those engaged in borderlands research.


The paper presents two applications of continuous-wave large-band width signaling, also known as FM-CW signaling, in imaging problems that involve moving targets or moving transmitting/receiving data acquisition systems. The first imaging system that is discussed is FM-CW synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. In this imaging system, the echoed signal, that is recorded via a quasi-monostatic radar, is partitioned in its Fourier domain into bandpass regions (Doppler data) centered around the harmonics of the FM-CW signal, and then processed in the spatial Doppler-based inversion of pulsed SAR. The second imaging problem involves a quasi-monostatic or bistatic phased array system that utilizes FM-CW signaling for spatial-velocity imaging of a nonrigid moving target. the authors show that this phased array imaging system provides information regarding targets that are moving with a specific velocity vector on a specific contour of data in the spectral distribution of FM-CW phased array Doppler data.<<ETX>>


A subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system was designed and installed to conduct long-term research on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and associated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and corn (Zea mays) crop rotations. The objectives were to design a subsurface drip irrigation system for a long-term irrigation research project, describe potential versus actual expenses of the designed system, and to show SDI system performance for irrigation scheduling in row crop (peanut) production. The system includes two thin-wall drip tape lateral spacings buried 30 to 35 cm below the soil surface, three irrigation levels, and five crop rotations replicated three times in a randomized block design. Each mainline branches into two field mainlines reducing the number of flow meters and injector pumps by half. Potential evapotranspiration (ET o) was estimated using the modified Jensen-Haise equation adjusted for location conditions. Irrigation treatments of 100, 75, and 50% were based on the crop water use and crop coefficient curves. Irrigation water was applied on a daily basis. A programmable logic controller (PLC) acquired hourly weather parameters, flow data, and controlled the total system. A well water source was used with a separate pump to supply water to the drip irrigation system. The SDI system operated and delivered water to the field crops within the design constraints. Each field mainline took about 6 min to pr essurize. There were slight fluctuations in pressure and flow rate for short time durations as valves turned off and on. About $9600 was saved by using a branched design of one flow meter and injector pump per line when compared with a non-branched system. Irrigation plus rainfall supplied just over 100% of the water required for peanut. The other irrigation treatments supplied 75 and 53% of the irrigation water required. Overall, this SDI system was used to efficiently supply water to a row crops in southwest Georgia.


A high-sensitivity fully passive 902-928MHz ISM band wake-up radio (WuRx) receiver for implantable biomedical devices is presented. The WuRx does not have an external power source and harvests the entire energy from the radio-frequency (RF) signal received at the antenna. A high-efficiency differential RF-to-DC converter rectifies the input RF signal and supplies the circuit blocks including a low-power comparator and reference generators; and at the same time retrieves the envelope of the On-Off Keying (OOK) wake-up signal. To enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the proposed rectifier when the input power is low, appropriate gate-drive voltages for each stage of the rectifier are generated using a chain of auxiliary cells. The WuRx is designed and implemented in 0.13 μm CMOS and achieves a sensitivity of -43 dBm for a 100 kbps wake-up signal.


Overall this is a very good text with excellent flick-through appeal and should undoubtedly become the standard text for trainees in the specialty especially those planning to sit the fellowship examination. It is concise, authoritative and readable to the point of being enjoyable! The approach to malignancy is didactic but in each case is clear and forms a good basis for informed discussion. The sections on 'controversies' are particularly useful for those studying for examinations. I do, however, have some minor criticisms. The section on voice restoration (p 119) under the heading 'Specific aftercare' is tucked away and lacking in contents for such an important subject. I feel that this whole section needs to be expanded and updated. Moreover, I do not like the term 'modified neck dissection' which is not in common usage and certainly does not enter the traditional arguments for and against favoured by examiners. I was also concerned about the author's attitude to the management of bilateral lymph nodes. The philosophy is rather a dangerous one particularly for those inexperienced in the subject. Finally I would suggest chapter 3 (Treatment Options) attempts to cover much more material than its title suggests and such important topics as IV fluids and feeding are dealt with rather too briefly. Perhaps they would be better omitted. There is no doubt that this is still one of the best texts on the subject and a must for any aspiring head and neck surgeon. W. T. Farrington.


Routing is a challenging issue which should be handled in a timely manner without unnecessary time delays in MANETs. The choice of the constants affects timeliness of protocol. OSPF suggests that the HELLO INTERVAL Time should be a constant value but does not mention how this value to be adjusted with network size. The proposed method" Fuzzy Based Hello interval Time OSPF (FBHIOSPF)" suggests that the Hello interval Time should be a suitable value with the network size and the results shows that it performs better than OSPF. Keywords—Ad Hoc Network, Fuzzy Logic, OSPF, FBHIOSPF.


Achieving adequate control of postsurgical pain remains a challenge in patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of this study was to assess if liposomal bupivacaine injected into the posterior capsule, in combination with a femoral nerve block and multimodal pain control regimen, would result in better pain control. The two groups were similar with regards to demographics and method of intraoperative anesthesia. Infiltration into the posterior capsule with liposomal bupivacaine had significantly lower resting pain scores compared to the saline group. Patients in the liposomal bupivacaine group also used slightly less breakthrough narcotic (5.75 to 4.31 mg of morphine equivalence). We recommend the use of infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine into the posterior capsule as an adjunct in multimodal analgesia in TKA patients to reduce pain and resultant narcotic use.


While model-based approaches have been used for over 30 years in the field of behavioral description of interactive systems [27], the link between these approaches and user-centered design process remain insufficiently explained. This paper offers a contribution to this problem by presenting how a model-based approach can be exploited to facilitate the tasks of evaluation of usability that are often laborious and repetitive. The basic principle of this approach promotes the use of recording and analysis of log data in a model-based environment. The results described in this paper show that the log data at model level can be used not only to identify usability problems but also to identify changes to these models in order to correct the encountered problems. This approach is integrated in a process and is supported by a modelbased CASE tool for modeling, simulating and evaluating interactive systems. The case study illustrates the principles of the approach and operation of the tool on an interaction technique. It shows how the analysis of log data allows the designer to easily tune the interaction technique (as the results of the analysis of log data are presented at the same abstraction level than models). It proposes an alternative to user tests that are very difficult to configure and to interpret especially when advanced interaction techniques are concerned.


Background: Nitrates are widely used for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). The large megatrials (GISSI‐3 and ISIS‐4) did not in fact demonstrate a significant decrease in mortality in the nitrate‐treated group. However, examination of the number of postinfarction angina episodes and the occurrence of cardiogenic shock in the GISSI‐3 study did reveal significant decreases.


The efficacy and toxicity profiles for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) are unclear. We aimed to address this gap through a Bayesian network meta‐analysis.


In a world of increasing specialisation, there is still room for men with general interests who can assess a problem and supply an adequate, workable and, above all, economic solution, with limited resources. Whether the design is optimum is not important, for in gadgeteering 'the best is often the enemy of the good'


Introduction With a quarter of the UK population estimated to have some degree of NAFLD, there is a need for a robust and economical population based screen to identify individuals with advanced fibrosis. It is recognised that many patients with NAFLD have normal-range ALT levels. Non-invasive scoring systems may exclude advanced disease without the need for liver biopsy, however reliability of these tests in this population has not been determined. Aim To assess performance of several simple non-invasive tests for fibrosis in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and normal ALT levels. Method Patients who were reviewed in the Freeman Hospital fatty liver clinic between 1999 and 2009 were included. Liver biopsies were assessed using the Kleiner score. The AST/ALT ratio, BARD, FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis scores were calculated from blood tests taken within 6 months of liver biopsy. Results 305 patients were included (70 with normal ALT [ALT <30 IU/l for females and ALT <45 IU/l for males] and 235 with raised ALT). 24% of subjects with normal ALT and 17% with raised ALT had advanced fibrosis (Kleiner stage 3–4). Patients with normal ALT were significantly younger (p=0.004) and had lower BMI (p=0.03) than those with raised ALT. The area under ROC curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for a diagnosis of advanced fibrosis using each score is shown in Abstract OP11 table 1. In addition, the proportion of patients with a score below the cut-off who would avoid liver biopsy is displayed. The specificity of the AST/ALT ratio, BARD and NAFLD fibrosis scores for advanced fibrosis was low in patients with normal ALT, which would result in a high proportion of patients with mild disease having a liver biopsy. FIB-4 score performed best overall. Abstract OP11 Table 1 Normal ALT [ALT <30 IU/l for females and ALT <45 IU/l for males]  Test AUROC Cut-off Sens (%) Spec (%) PPV (%) NPV (%) Avoid biopsy  AST/ALT 0.81 0.8 94 44 35 96 18/70 (26%)  BARD 0.71 2 94 26 29 93 15/70 (21%)  FIB-4 0.86 1.30 82 77 52 92 43/70 (61%)  NAFLD 0.85 −1.455 82 51 35 90 29/70 (41%) Raised ALT  AST/ALT 0.79 0.8 59 86 46 91 184/235 (78%)  BARD 0.78 2 83 57 28 94 118/235 (50%)  FIB-4 0.85 1.30 81 72 37 95 148/235 (63%)  NAFLD 0.80 −1.455 71 65 29 92 138/235 (59%) Conclusion The FIB-4 score performed well in patients with normal or raised ALT, reliably excluding advanced fibrosis and reducing the need for liver biopsy. Therefore, the FIB-4 score may be an appropriate tool for use in primary care to triage patients with NAFLD who need referral for further assessment. Further validation in a general practice cohort is underway.


Two high molecular weight copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) densely grafted with short poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains (PNIPAM-g-PEO) were studied by NMR and laser light scattering. The long PNIPAM chains with densely grafted PEO branches had a random coil conformation at very dilute concentrations and low temperatures (i.e., T ≤ 30 °C), When the temperature was increased above 31 °C, the copolymers could undergo a broad coil-to-globule transition. The collapsed copolymer chains had a / value of about 1.0 with PNIPAM chains inside the core and the hydrophilic PEO chains on the surface. This kind of PNIPAM-g-PEO copolymers was studied as a DNA separation medium in capillary electrophoresis. Several advantages of the copolymers as a separation medium for DNA fragments were achieved, such as an automatic coating ability for the capillary inner wall, an easier injection into the capillary channel due to the slightly adjustable viscosity with temperature (up to 31 °C), a high resolution (i.e., one base pair resolution), and fast separation time. In contrast, the homo-PNIPAM or PEO showed worse DNA separation efficiency under similar conditions. The high DNA separation efficiency of the PNIPAM-g-PEO copolymers is related to the polymer chain conformation. The long copolymer chains in a random coil conformation with densely grafted PEO branches could form a physical network with a relatively stable and uniform pore size at high concentrations (i.e., ≥10 wt %). The separation medium has a high sieving ability for DNA separation in terms of DNA migration mechanisms. The collapsed copolymer chains in the globule state could destroy the chain network and thus lose the DNA separation ability.


Unless filtration is used, a supply of fresh air is needed in any habitable building to control the level of contaminants present; a method of determining the quantity of air required is given in Digest 206. A properly-designed mechanical ventilation system should be able to provide this quantity where and when it is required but has the disadvantages of initial capital cost and running and maintenance costs. The alternative, which is virtually without cost but suffers from the variability of meteorological conditions, is to use the natural movement of air through the building due to wind and to temperature difference. This digest discusses the mechanisms which govern natural ventilation and illustrates them with formulae for simple cases.


The invention discloses a flat sheet digital inkjet decorating machine capable of achieving stacking printing. The flat sheet digital inkjet decorating machine comprises printing flat sheets. The printing flat sheets comprise the upper flat sheet and the lower flat sheet which are in parallel up and down. An upper track device and a lower track device are additionally arranged over the upper flat sheet and the lower flat sheet correspondingly. The upper track device or the lower track device comprises a left slide and a right slide. The tail of the left slide part of the upper flat sheet and the tail of the right slide part of the upper flat sheet are connected with the tail of the left slide part of the lower flat sheet and the tail of the right slide part of the lower flat sheet through a left connecting slide and a right connecting slide correspondingly. A spray head connecting rod is placed on the left slide and the right slide and is connected with a printing spray head. The printing spray head moves along the corresponding slides, and single spray head unit circulating printing of a fabric placed on the upper flat sheet and the lower flat sheet is achieved, so that one-time batch decorating adopting a single spray head unit is achieved, and the decorating efficiency is improved.


In recent years, the influence of design patterns on software quality has attracted an increasing attention in the area of software engineering, as design patterns encapsulate valuable knowledge to resolve design problems, and more importantly to improve design quality. Basically, a design pattern is composed of an intent description and a solution model. When the problem in the intent is a quality problem, the structure model should provide a solution to improve the relevant quality. In this work we provide an approach to verify if a design pattern is well-designed, i.e. it answers the question of the proposed structural model really resolves the quality problems described in the intent. Our approach is based on a generic object-oriented quality model.


The study, upon which this special issue focuses, used narrative interviews to investigate how learning can support workers' transitions in the labour market in five European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Italy and Spain). The five countries were chosen to represent very different contexts in the way learning can support career and labour market transitions and the findings showed considerable variation in the types of skill formation and career and learning pathways with which many people in their mid-career and with middle level qualifications engaged. The narrative interviews, outlining the respondents' strategic career and learning biographies, were a powerful way to investigate how adults established in their careers navigated their ways through changing labour markets. The findings were also used to develop a more comprehensive model of learning for career and labour market transitions that would accommodate the different ways in which learning could support career transitions across the life-course, where these transitions may involve shifts away from initial occupational identities.