From 2000 to 2010, the Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad Program (DDRA) supported thesis research of 87 graduate students in political science. As a result of cuts in the FY 2011 federal budget, the Department of Education announced in May that this year's competition would be cancelled. DDRA was one of six programs that were cancelled in 2011 when Congress significantly reduced appropriations for Title VI and Fulbright-Hays programs that promote international education (the other competitions/programs are Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language; International Research and Studies; Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad Fellowship; Business and International Education; and American Overseas Research Centers). The DDRA program had provided funding for graduate students to spend up to one year abroad in countries outside of Western Europe since it was first funded in 1964.


Filamentous fungi grow as extending and branching tubular cells (hyphae) that generate radially symmetric colonies. As colonies expand, hyphal tips at the periphery avoid each other to allow maximum coverage of the medium, while hyphal tips at the colony center actively fuse to generate an interconnected network of hyphae that allows the bulk movement of cytoplasm toward the colony edge [1]. Hyphal growth is a wonderful adaptation for efficient penetration and acquisition of nutrients from live or dead organisms, especially plants. Unlike multicellular eukaryotes that exist as collections of distinct cells, the syncytial mode of growth places filamentous fungi at serious risk of "bleeding" to death if there is a break in the cell wall. To avoid this fate, fungal hyphae have cross-walls or septa that are perforated to allow the flow of cytoplasm, but can be plugged in response to cellular wounding [2]–[4]. The septal "plug" used by filamentous ascomycete fungi is known as the Woronin body, and it is typically tethered to the rim of the septal pore [4]–[8].


The invention discloses a portable solar illumination device, which relates to a solar illumination device and solves the problems of complicated wiring, insufficient electric quantity, energy waste, and unavailable light supplementation in the growth and development process of a plant in the conventional illumination mode. The device comprises a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, a solar panel and a control box, wherein a solar controller, an alternative current charger and a storage battery are arranged in the control box; the solar controller is electrically connected with the storage battery; the alternative current charger is electrically connected with the storage battery; an indication panel and a control switch are arranged on the front side of the control box; an LED lamp binding post, a solar panel binding post and an alternative current power connector are arranged on the back side of the control box; and the LED lamp and the solar panel are connected with the control box through the LED lamp binding post and the solar panel binding post respectively. The device can be used for building illumination, illumination and light supplementation of growth of plants in a vegetable plastic tent, a place in which personnel safety is particularly required to be concerned and a place which has a further power supply distance or is difficultly supplied with power and can be used for the illumination of farmers and herdsmen, sentry posts, field operation camping and tourism camping.


Tenuous subgraph finding aims to detect a subgraph with few social interactions and weak relationships among nodes. Despite significant efforts made on this task, they are mostly carried out in view of graph-structured data. These methods depend on calculating the shortest path and need to enumerate all the paths between nodes, which suffer the combinatorial explosion. Moreover, they all lack the integration of neighborhood information. To this end, we propose a novel model named Graph Neural Network with Motif-aware for tenuous subgraph finding (GNNM), a neighborhood aggregation-based GNN framework that can capture the latent relationship between nodes. We design a GNN module to project nodes into a low-dimensional vector combining the higher-order correlation within nodes based on a motif-aware module. Then we design greedy algorithms in vector space to obtain a tenuous subgraph whose size is greater than a specified constraint. Particularly, considering that existing evaluation indicators cannot capture the latent friendship between nodes, we introduce a novel Potential Friend concept to measure the tenuity of a graph from a new perspective. Experimental results on the real-world and synthetic datasets demonstrate that our proposed method GNNM outperforms existing algorithms in efficiency and subgraph quality.


Abstract Buna-S is an unsaturated polymer capable of undergoing vulcanization. This may be effected by the application of heat in the presence of sulfur. The process is accelerated by certain organic substances which are used widely for a similar purpose in natural rubber. Preliminary teats have indicated that most of them are applicable to Buna-S, and appear superior to any other chemicals yet investigated. This is fortunate in view of the present emergency, as plants for their manufacture already exist and the industry is familiar with their use. In spite of superficially similar effects, more careful study has indicated that it is an oversimplification to assume various accelerators will produce ideptical effects in both polymers. A wide range of materials is now available to the industry, and the task of accurately evaluating all of them is complex. In addition, an indefinite number of combinations are theoretically possible. The present investigation was undertaken to determine what effect different ...


The world over, human health is at risk. While on one hand people are dying due to scarcity of food, on the other they are slowly being poisoned by the chemicals used for growing food. Organic farming is therefore the need of the hour. Women in India are as much farmers as men are; and being equal contributors in food production, need to be educated about organic farming concepts. The present study was conducted on 150 farm women of five villages of Dharwad taluk of Karnataka. Lectures, exhibitions and demonstrations were conducted to train women on organic farming concepts and the use of farm and animal wastes. The findings revealed that women's knowledge before intervention was low. The't' test applied to knowledge scores before and after the exhibitions, lectures and demonstrations showed significant results indicating that the training programmes were effective in educating rural women on organic farming. It is assumed that the knowledge gained will be helpful in practicing organic farming using agriculture and animal wastes available on their own farm. Women may also play a significant role in influencing men in adopting organic farming.


ABSTRACT: The apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens is one of the intraocular
lens types currently available for the correction of presbyopia. The design of apodized
diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses improves on the visual outcomes obtained with the
full optic diffractive and refractive intraocular lenses. In addition to the visual improvements,
apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses, using a combination of diffractive and
refractive technologies and gradually decreasing diffractive steps from the center to the
periphery of the intraocular lens, reduce or eliminate the visual phenomena produced
mainly in night conditions when the pupil size increases


We present a comparative study of the transport properties of modulation‐doped GaAs1−yNy quantum well heterostructures, of Si‐doped two‐dimensional GaAs1−yNy channels and of Se‐doped GaAs1−yNy thin films in the dilute regime, y = 0 to 0.4%. In all structures we observe a strong reduction of the electron mobility, μ, with increasing N‐content. The dependence of μ on y is attributed to strong electron scattering by N‐atoms.


Research into the physiology of mammalian and human reproduction promises to give man a degree of control over the destiny of his species but social and philosophic implications are far-reaching. Areas in which at least partial success has already been attained with humans include hormonal treatment of female sterility artificial insemination and contraception. Other present areas of investigation include the pre-selection of sex fertilization in the test tube cloning and the transfer of eggs between females. Problems associated with applications of scientific advances include cultural objections application with insufficient knowledge and state control of the physiology of reproduction. The problem is not to stop science but to determine its direction and best use.


High spatial and spectral resolution spectra of the near-infrared H2 emission from the planetary nebula BD +30°3639 are presented. A 7'' × 13'' portion of the nebula was mapped at a resolution of 6000 in the v = 1-0 S(1) emission line of molecular hydrogen, revealing the morphology and kinematics of the H2 emission. These spectra show large velocity shifts in the H2 line across the nebula. Comparison with single-dish CO observations show significant velocity differences between the peaks of H2 emission and CO emission. Such differences are unexpected for a photodissociation region (PDR), since PDRs are supposed to form in the surface of the cold gas (as is the case for NGC 7027). A single long-slit spectrum which includes the peak of the H2 emission and covers the entire K band at a resolution of 1000 is analyzed. Fourteen molecular hydrogen emission lines are detected in a 2'' × 0.″5 region covering the bright northeastern H2 lobe. The line ratios indicate that the H2 emission is radiatively excited, but that the gas density is large enough (n ≳ 104.5-105 cm-3) for collisions to thermalize the lowest vibrational states. The measured ratio of ortho-hydrogen to para-hydrogen is 2.51 ± 0.22, slightly smaller than the equilibrium value of 3. Spatial variations of the v = 2-1 vibrational temperature and the v = 1 ortho/para ratio are consistent with a decrease in the relative proportion of collisional excitation as distance from the central star increases.


Abstract This review paper describes primarily recent theoretical calculations with some supporting experimental findings on titania nanotubes. Nanotubes with different types and sizes are discussed in detail in terms of existing theoretical and experimental achievements. Both classical and quantum mechanical simulations are focused on. The properties of these nanotubes have been treated within first principle density functional electronic structure simulation methods. In this paper, we pay particular attention to computational aspects, but when appropriate, relationships with experimental results on titania nanostructures will be mentioned. First, the structural properties of titania nanotubes are reviewed, focusing from experimental growth mechanism to possible theoretical stable structure and orientation. Second, the electronic structure of nanotubes is discussed in terms of band gap modifications of titania and photocatalytic efficiencies in photoelectrochemical devices. Finally, current computational limitations and future directions are described with respect to the performances of nanotube titania based photosensitive devices.


The Hindu population in Bangladesh declined from 22% to 9% from 1951–2011. This paper analyses longitudinal data from the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System for 1989–2016 to quantify the role of fertility, mortality, and international migration in explaining differential growth rates between Muslims and Hindus. The Hindu population has been growing at a slower rate than adherents of other religions, resulting in a decline in their relative share in the national population. Hindus have lower fertility, higher mortality and higher international out-migration rates than Muslims. According to this analysis, between 1989 and 2016, 54% of lower Hindu growth may be attributable to international out-migration; 41% is attributable to lower fertility, and 5% is attributable to higher mortality. The contribution of migration has declined over time and in last 20 years, lower fertility of Hindus was the primary contributing factor (over 70%) to their declining share of the country's population.


This letter investigates the utilization of pulse heating and machine learning techniques to overcome the limitations associated with traditional testing methods for metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors. These limitations include long-term drift, high power consumption, and challenges in multitasking. Pulsed heating is used to improve long-term stability and significantly reduce power consumption. Three machine learning approaches on top of two models are specially tailored to simultaneously handle gas identification and concentration detection tasks. The experimental results corroborate the robust classification aptitude of all three models and their satisfactory regression accuracy. Moreover, each model offers distinct advantages and can be utilized to meet particular requirements. This letter highlights the potential of pulse heating combined with machine learning to enhance the capabilities of MOS gas sensors.


A movement known as the Universities of the Third Age (U3As) provides educational, cultural and social services for mature-age people in Australia and internationally. This paper focuses on the educational courses run by U3As and discusses two basic questions: What are the expectations of learners who enrol in these classes? and How can tutors best meet these expectations? In 2011, there were 97 U3As in Victoria, with an aggregate of 24,800 members. All tutors are voluntary, and members of U3As pay a modest annual fee of only $40-$60 which entitles them to attend any of the courses on offer.


We introduce PSCEL, a new language for developing autonomic software components capable of adapting their behaviour to react to external stimuli and environment changes. The application logic generating the computational behaviour of systems components is defined in a procedural style, by the programming constructs, while the adaptation logic is defined in a declarative style, by the policing constructs. The interplay between these two kinds of constructs permits to dynamically produce and enforce adaptation actions. To show PSCEL practical applicability and effectiveness, we employ it in a Cloud Computing case study.


Interlending in Canada is affected by geographic, political and cultural factors. The population distribution complicates the provision of material services and new methods of document delivery are constantly under review. The political complexities are such as to make effective networking voluntary, informal or non‐governmental. A complex cultural background affects library collections and services. Interlending in Canada is vital as individual library collections are not yet fully developed. There are no central lending collections as such and interlibrary lending is largely decentralized. Location tools and services have changed radically over the last decade with the advent of automation. The introduction of air and truck delivery systems has solved many document delivery problems and they are developing rapidly. Interlibrary loan policies are based on a code which, amongst other things, promotes access to information as being in the general interest. Charges for interlibrary loans were reluctantly introduced in 1975 and caused temporary chaos. The issue has raised the question of the need for a national lending centre and this in turn raises the problem of copyright. A nationwide study of interlending in Canada was undertaken and the report submitted at the end of 1982. Other studies are being carried out at the provincial level. Interlending in Canada is in a very dynamic period: technology is moving towards the interlinking of a wide variety of systems better suited to the Canadian situation. In future, library collections may become smaller, and users will borrow from a central clearing‐house, or full‐text database. New technology will affect the traditional role of the library which will then concentrate on more sophisticated help to the user.


Route planning services provide directional functionalities allowing people to make transport plan in which such services are now closely interrelated to people's daily life. Existing route planners such as digital maps only offer the path search services originated from one place which cannot fulfil the increasing needs of people. In this paper, we first describe a new service for digital map that provides route plans for people from different origins towards the same destination for the purpose of group travelling. Since the performance of route planner highly depends on shortest path search algorithms, in this paper, we also introduce our newly proposed path search algorithm, namely, Multi-origins Common Destination algorithm. The initial evaluation results show it outperforms the counterparts.


Healthcare in Canada is undergoing a paradigm shift, moving away from a prescriptive approach to care delivery to one that prioritizes clients and their families at the center of their care. In the homecare sector, this approach is commonly referred to as clientand family-centred care (CFCC), a philosophy emphasizing the need for point-of-care providers to partner with those receiving care and their families in a way that is respectful and attuned to their individual needs and goals. This philosophy helps homecare agencies like VHA Home HealthCare deliver care to families that embraces what is most important to them. At VHA Home HealthCare, CFCC is well established through education sessions delivered to staff. Despite these efforts, there is limited evidence to confirm whether this education aligns with what is important to clients and families. To address this gap, this study engaged a unique homecare population parents of children with complex medical needs to understand how they experience and perceive CFCC using an arts-based approach called photovoice. Through participants' photographs and in-depth interviews, seven core themes were identified which we refer to as 'the little things' of CFCC. Results of our exploration show that in some cases there is alignment between parents' perceptions of CFCC and the organization's, but there are also many gaps that could be filled by incorporating the unique voices of participants into the organization's educational curriculum.


Burning of biomass for charcoal production and land preparation is common in Ethiopia. However, the analysis of the impacts of these practices on soil physical and chemical properties is seldom examined. Therefore to investigate the impact of biomass burning on soil properties, composite and core soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–20cm from cultivated land, a charcoal production site, and farmlands where crop residues are burned for land preparation. Burning of biomass significantly (P 0.05). Burning also increased pH, EC, available phosphorous, CEC (cation exchange capacity), and exchangeable bases significantly (P<0.01) as compared to cultivated land. Furthermore, charcoal production significantly (P<0.01) increased organic carbon and total nitrogen, but burning of crop residues for land preparation reduced them significantly (P<0.01). The formation of ash and charred biomass due to burning might improve most soil properties. But this causes environmental pollution and therefore it is useful to study the long term impact of biomass burning on soil properties. Moreover, it is important to consider a biochar strategy in order to enhance soil productivity.


This concluding chapter summarizes the central issues that characterize immigrant experiences in Japan, and reflects on their implications both for migration studies broadly and for Japan's own migration policies in particular. These immigrant experiences illustrate the potential as well as the challenges of Japan as an immigrant country. Some of the challenges are particular to Japan, or ethno-nationalist societies like Japan. However, Japan's transition to an immigrant society also takes place in a global context where policy as well as public opinion regarding immigration is hostile. Anti-immigration becomes the main platform of populist party politics in many major destinations of immigration. In other words, more countries are embracing ethno-nationalism. These developments, however alarming to many observers, are also potentially creating opportunities for Japan because they are shaping a new geography of global migrations and are likely also to redefine the image of an immigrant society as well as the map of attractive destinations of immigration.


One common problem associated with interconnected power systems is that the complete topology information and measurement data of the areas are not generally available or difficult to handle in real-time. This paper proposes a methodology to determine in real-time the reduced networks for the systems external to a given area. A sensitivity-based methodology is proposed to identify the nodes to be retained from the external areas. A network reduction methodology is then used to obtain the reduced equivalent for the entire system. A real-time network parameter adjustment algorithm is subsequently used to update the parameters of the reduced network under changes in operating condition. The proposed methods are validated with the help of the modified IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems.


This paper presents an alternative approach for the model-based control of the ";ball and beam";, a multivariable nonlinear dynamic system, which is a benchmark for testing new control algorithms. The proposed strategy uses two neural networks and a polynomial interpolating scheme to construct the desired value trajectory. The performance of this strategy significantly outperforms the corresponding to the classic linear quadratic regulator. Both strategies were implemented on computer simulations of the system, and their performance was evaluated using the following criteria: rise time, settling time, overshoot percentage, integral of the error's absolute value, robustness and design easiness. The control strategies were tested under step and sinusoidal changes of the reference value.


Animal health is an important factor that may limit efficiency in beekeeping, as in other fields yielding animal products. After all, the diseases, parasites, and pests that pose a risk for honey bees do not only affect their health, but can decrease productivity, as well. The colony may collapse eventually unless measures are taken to improve the situation. Occasional epidemics of diseases, parasites, and pests cause producers to suffer great losses and harm beekeeping on a national scale in Turkey. As with all living organisms, honey bees have a strong multicomponent defense (resistance, immunity) mechanism against diseases, parasites, and pests that threaten their health. However, various stress factors from those rooted in their genetic makeup to others resulting from the environment collapse their defense system and with the decline of bodily resistance, honey bees start getting ill and eventually die. Moreover, these stress factors or stressors interact with one another, with pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, and pests to create a synergic effect leading to exhaustion in bees, their offspring, and whole colonies. Therefore, it is critically important to eliminate stress factors that impair and collapse the defense system in honey bees.


Reliable Fourier spectrometers have been extensively employed for the collection of high spectral resolution infrared emission and absorption spectra. These spectrometers are being used in difficult field situations. Weak and fluctuating sources have been measured by coherently adding many interferograms. The specifications of field-grade Fourier spectrometers are presented. The measurement techniques for obtaining quantitative infrared spectra from remote sources are described. Examples of high spectral resolution infrared measurements of smokestacks, sky emission, jet aircraft and missile exhausts are shown.


There are a number of benefits associated with the deployment of fog computing, for example, by analyzing and computing data from Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices at the fog nodes reduce the bandwidth, computational, and storage overheads at the cloud servers and improve user quality of experience (e.g., due to reduced latency). However, there are also additional security implications and requirements. For example, secure keys are needed to establish secure channels among these distributed fog nodes. Therefore, to facilitate fog nodes in managing secure keys and establishing secure group channels, we present a novel fog system and propose a blockchain-based group key management scheme that builds on an earlier work. We also design a new resource authentication mechanism based on Proof of Work (PoW), and when deployed in our fog system facilitates resource authentication (i.e., a fog node in a fog system can evaluate the capability of a fog device's computing power before the device is permitted to enter the system). Findings from our simulations and secure analysis demonstrate the utility of our system.


Abstract Shell and tube heat exchangers (STHX) are the most abundantly used heat exchangers in the industry. Baffles are the most important component involved in improving the thermohydraulic performance of STHXs. In this study, we propose a novel segmented trefoil baffle (STB) formed by imposing trefoil holes on segmental baffles (SGB). Numerical simulations have been conducted using ANSYS FLUENT 19.2 for SGBs, trefoil hole baffles (THB), and STBs at various mass flow rates to compare the heat transfer coefficients, pressure drop, thermohydraulic performance, and shell side flow distribution. Results indicate that for almost the same heat transfer coefficient, the pressure drop is significantly less for the STBs compared with the SGBs. A study of the flow field revealed that large dead zones, typical of SGBs, reduce significantly when STBs are used. Similarly, the recirculation zones, reported for THBs also decrease by incorporating the STBs. The thermohydraulic performance is enhanced by 41% and 235% compared to SGBs and THBs respectively by using the STBs. An increase in the number of baffles from 6 to 10 further enhanced the advantage of STBs over the segmental baffles from 41% to 57%. The inclusion of baffles to shell and tubes clearances does not affect the superior thermohydraulic performance of STBs over SGBs.


In the last decade, there has been a growth in, what we call, digitally mediated workplaces. A digitally mediated workplace is one where interactions between stakeholders are primarily managed by proprietary, algorithmically managed digital platform. The replacement of the relationships between the stakeholders by the platform is a key feature of these workplaces, and is a contributing factor to the decrease in contractual responsibilities each stakeholder has to one another. In this paper, we discuss some of the ways in which this structure and lack of accountability serves as a root of, or at least an enabler to, the realization of biases in the ridesharing application Uber, a digitally mediated workplace.


Effects of ozonated water treatments on storage of Fuji apple were investigated.Fuji apple were washed with ozonated water at concentrations of 0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 mg/L,and then stored at 13 ℃and 0 ℃,respectively.The quality and physiology changes of fruit were monitored periodically during storage.The results showed that ozone treatments could inhibit respiration rate and ethylene evolution of the Fuji apple,delay the decrease of total soluble solids,titratable acidity and firmness,and decrease the loss of water at both storage temperatures significantly.The fruit quality was better stored at 0 ℃ than at room temperature.The ozone water treatments can maintain higher storage quality of the Fuji apple,and the optimal concentration was 0.9 mg/L.Ozonated water treatment combined with cold storage was good for maintaining the fruit quality of Fuji apple.


HABERMAS INTENDED TO EXPLAIN THAT THE CONCEPTION OF A LOGICAL GENESIS OF RIGHTS IS EXPLICITLY DESCRIBED AS A CIRCULAR PROCESS IN WICH THE LIBERTIES OF AUTONOMOUS PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND THE RIGHTS OF POLITICALLY AUTONOMOS CITIZENS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE DEMOCRATIC LAW-MAKING PROCESS ARE CONSTITUTED "EQUIPRIMORDIALLY". ACORDING TO THIS IDEA, IT CORRESPONDS TO THE "REFLEXIVE" STRUCTURE OF THE LAW, ONCE THE FORM OF LAW ORGANIZES THE DEMOCRATIC PROCESS ITSELF AND THEREFORE MUST ENGENDER THE CONDITIONS TO ITS OWN LEGITIMACY. AGAINST A LIBERAL ACCOUNT OF HABERMAS'S RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SISTEM OF RIGTHS, WE WILL SKETCH WHAT WE THINK TO BE A "CORRECT" UNDERSTANDING OF THIS "REFLEXIVE" STRUCTURE


ABSTRACT Objective To identify interaction patterns on body size and health on Instagram and associated factors in nutrition students. Methods A total of 406 students (78% female) were included in this cross-sectional study. Instagram sociodemographic, academic and interaction data (Instagram time of use, exposure frequency to contents on body size and health, Instagram as a source of information and number of followers) were collected using a self-administered virtual questionnaire. A factor analysis by main component was used to derive the interaction patterns of Instagram as well as regression analyses to test the association of the patterns with the sociodemographic and academic factors. Results Three interaction patterns were observed on body size and health, named: "Fitness Pattern"; "Body Positivity Pattern" and "High Engagement Pattern". Private Institutions' Students who are on or have been on a diet and studying in the first semesters were associated with the "Fitness Pattern" (p<0.05). Female students, from public institutions, who changed their weight during the course and whose family's head had higher education, were associated with the "Body Positivity Pattern" (p<0.05). Female students, younger and on a diet, were associated with the "High engagement Pattern" (p<0.05). Conclusion Gender, type of educational institution and diet practice of nutrition students are the factors that are most associated with different patterns of interaction on body size and health on Instagram.


This report describes algorithms for financial bubbles detection in real time mode. The various theoretical and practical aspects of algorithms for monitoring financial indexes in order to detect bubbles are presented. A comparative analysis of the properties of algorithms based on the results of experiments is carried out.


Deciding to revascularize a patient with coronary artery disease is among the most common, costly and complex decisions in clinical medicine. Coronary angiography is the most commonly performed hospital procedure among those aged over 65 years in the USA and rates of revascularization, particularly percutaneous intervention, continue to rise in many countries. For each patient the clinician must decide whether the benefit of revascularization exceeds harm sufficiently to justify the procedure. This involves weighing half a dozen or so patient characteristics: degree of symptomatic impairment, number of diseased vessels, left ventricular function, extent of medical therapy and the results of exercise electrocardiography (ECG). Combinations of these variables define the specific patient indication.


Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides have the role of anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,enhancing the body immunity. This study uses 9 weeks treadmill training excessive exercise ratas model,which were divided into control group,movement control group,flammulina velutipes + exercise group group. The blood was collected after 1 week,3 weeks,9 weeks,10weeks,measured whole blood leukocytes( WBC),hemoglobin( Hb),collecting serum to measure creatine kinase(CK),blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and testosterone(T). Real-time quantitative PCR is used to measure the mRNA expression of Th1,Th2 transcription factor T-bet and GATA-3. The results show that flammulina velutipes can significantly increased WBC,Hb and T,lower CK and BUN,help eliminate fatigue,promote functional recovery and has a good role in immune regulation. Flammulina velutipes has an important role in maintaining T-bet mRNA,GATA-3 mRNA close to normal levels and sustaine T lymphocyte immune in balance.


Professional Development in Relational Learning Communities: Teachers in Connection consolidates a decade of action research from three successive cycles of week-long summer seminars for teachers, all designed to foster a Relational Learning Community (RLC). Well stated by Sharon Feiman-Nemser in her introduction, this book is rich in resources for many audiences—those designing professional development, those facilitating teacher education experiences, and the research practitioner. The clarity with which the book documents how disparate theoretical frames animate the seminar's design and the intentionality behind each of the seminars' practices is notable; it is the unique blend of gravitas and heart with which Raider-Roth and her faculty approach their project, that leaves its deepest impression on the reader. As a relationship systems coach, I tend to see the primacy of relationship in all things.We are all, always, in relationship—with ourselves, with each other, with our world—and, in my worldview with our God. I resonate deeply with Raider-Roth's notion that we only come to know and learn in the context of relationship and therefore the quality of those relationships matter.


This paper analyzed the internal incentive of mid-small enterprises cluster and basic cluster models of four in west area,and promoted that proper cluster model of mid-small enterprises should be chosen by industry characteristics,resources and economic situation in different regions according to the request of regional industry development.


Pharmaceutical compositions containing adrenergic compound and supplementary compound, and methods of using the same. The first embodiment includes a composition comprising a complement of the adrenergic compounds adrenergic compound efficacy less than the amount, and safe and effective amount. Other embodiments, (a) safe and effective amount of adrenergic compounds, and, (b) saving an excess of ascorbic acid, safe and effective amount of an opioid, saving excess of polycarboxylic acid chelating agent, safe and effective amount complement Roh D- ribose and adenosine derivatives and the adrenergic compound selected from the group consisting of mixtures, include a composition comprising a. Further, (c) comprises administering the complement of adrenergic compounds lower doses, and (d) safe and effective amount of the adrenergic compounds, for modulating the adrenergic receptors in humans and other animals also of the methods provided. Preferably adrenergic compounds are catecholamines. Preferred complement, ascorbate, include especially ascorbic acid. Method, neuropathy, hypotension, forward fault, backward defect, congestive heart failure, shock, hypertension, hemorrhage, related to anesthesia failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, colitis, Crohn's disease, anaphylaxis, interstitial cystitis , including overactive bladder syndrome, premature birth, the treatment of myasthenia gravis and glaucoma.


Barron advocates and enables ethical design with clients including Boots, E.ON, Intel, Lego, The Body Shop and Unilever. His research enables his practice to take a systemic approach, extending beyond the design of products to the systems they inhabit.
Bottled water is perceived as aspirational, tap water as inferior in taste and for well-being despite objective disproof (Doria 2006; Jakus et al. 2009). Bottled water can approach 500 times the price of tap water and generates 300 times more carbon during production and transport (Nicolucci et al. 2011). Plastic water bottles, in principle recyclable, often go to landfill (Gleick 2010). Barron's TapTop recycled-glass water carafe responded to a call 'to promote London's drinking water through restaurants, bars and hotels'. It won the London on Tap design competition in 2008, from 115 entries. The shape was derived from a tap control, reinforcing the campaign message. Rosy Greenlees, Crafts Council Director and Chair of the judging panel, praised it as 'democratic'. Judges included architect Zaha Hadid, restaurateur Aldo Zilli and environmental campaigner Tony Juniper.
TapTop is manufactured in Britain from about 60% recycled glass. Barron's research included close working with toolmakers and glassblowers to make a shape entirely beyond their experience – a form which was on the edge of what could be produced through volume production – and propositional research in displacing one business model with another that is sustainable.
The carafe was put into production in 2009: the initial run was 20,000 carafes, with all profits going to WaterAid. It was given to all the UK's MPs and Europe's MEPs. It was featured in newspapers and magazines including the Guardian, London Evening Standard and on the front cover of Design Week magazine, and online including Dezeen and websites internationally. It inspired other similar campaigns in other cities around the world.


A novel approach of fuzzy Petri net (FPN) is presented to aircraft terrain following (TF) through aircraft flights. The FPN controller system as presented in this paper determine where the aircraft needs to modification its altitude. Depending on the concepts of real-time system applications the decision-maker (i.e. Terrain-Following Radar (TFR)) will be promising notwithstanding for hard terrains in expression of shape and features. The implementation process for terrain following collaborative design is fuzzily dedicated by the algorithm of FPN. The FPN approach employs special connections among existing Slope, Height, and Spacing of the terrain with aircraft flights velocity overhead the ground to construct appropriate FPN rules. Settling on knowledge implies a basic decision making over passing across or over a terrain. Slope angle of terrain (Sl1 and Sl2), spacing is the ratio of the largest and smallest peak-to-peak terrain (Sp1 and Sp2) and height of vehicle (He1 and He2), and the main system is the velocity (Sl, He and Sp) is output all the inputs and outputs are linguistic variables. The case study of aircraft flights show the effectiveness of the FPN approach as compared to other existing approaches. Based on the FPN approach the results illustrate a perfect chasing while using four models with a number of fuzzy rules equal to 200 rules will causes an optimal results. While a suitable height of an aircraft flights above the ground is substantial this given us good motivation to develop a new approach in maintaining the height of aircraft. Finally, the presented method is applied with low-level flight to be authenticity be applied for such applications.


This paper provides a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach to delay-dependent observer-based stabilizing and H∞ controller design for linear state-delayed systems. The resulted delay-dependent criteria for the existence of controllers are presented by two independent LMIs via constructing a proper Lyapunov functional. The benefits of the proposed method lie in: (1) The feedback-gain and the observer-gain can be computed simultaneously; (2) The delay-bound or the H∞ performance bound can be optimized; (3) The result obtained is less conservative than the previous work existing in the literature. A numerical example illustrates the potentiality of our claim.


Pollution due to air quality deterioration is directly or indirectly connected to the phenomenon of biogeochemistry (i.e the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that influence the composition of the natural environment) which in turn links to the human health. Human health and well-being, along with the well-being of animals, plants, and agricultural products, are solely dependent upon the quality of air we inhale. In response to the emission control threshold levels, prediction of how changes in emission levels could affect ambient air quality has been documented. The use of photochemical air quality models is becoming widely acceptable by various global regulatory agencies for the purpose of regulatory analyses and for the attainment exhibition by evaluating and assessing the effectiveness of control strategies. This review work tries to figure out the two most important and uncommon models namely; Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System. These modeling systems are used to predict, characterize, determine and simulate the photochemical air quality conditions. This paper gives a substantial detailed information of findings from related multidimensional studies carried out long ago and recently on photochemical smog analyses. Photochemical smog; causes and impacts on both the environment and living-being health were succinctly spelt out. Ozone formation and its different precursors; atmospheric aerosols; emission of biogenics as well as Ozone modeling phases were also discussed. The researcher still talks about the model formulations such as Zhang Model formulation; application and history of CMAQ and CAMx models respectively.


P-to-S conversions from the two primary discontinuities near 410 and 660 km depth (P410s and P660s phases) are evident in particle motions and receiver functions of teleseismic body waves recorded by broadband seismic stations in Iceland. The average arrival times of P410s and P660s are later by 7.0±0.5 s (standard error) and 4.7±0.2 s, respectively, than predicted by the iasp91 Earth model. Differential P660s–P410s travel times indicate that the upper mantle transition zone between the 410- and 660-km discontinuities is 23±9 km thinner than in the iasp91 model. From estimates for the Clapeyron slopes of the phase transitions associated with these discontinuities, this lesser transition zone thickness is consistent with temperatures 180±70 K hotter than normal. We interpret this result as evidence for upwelling mantle flow at 400–700 km depth beneath Iceland and the adjacent Mid-Atlantic Ridge.


The review of some results on limit theorems for random matrices that have been obtained during the last 10 years in the joint research of A. N. Tikhomirov and F. Gotze, with participation of PhD students D. Timushev and N. Alexeev is given. The author considers the rate of convergence in semi-circle law and in the Marchenko-Pastur law. Steins method for random matrices, the proof of circular law, and some limit theorems for powers and products of random matrices are described.


The utility model provides a flame-retardant fireproof unidirectional-twisting ultra-flexible cable for a communication power supply, which comprises a cable core and an outer jacket. A plurality of lead wires are arranged in the cable core, insulating layers are wrapped outside conductors formed through twisting of copper wires so as to form the plurality of lead wires, flame-retardant fillers are respectively arranged between the lead wires, fireproof layers are respectively arranged between the conductors of the lead wires and the insulating layers, and a flame-retardant belting layer is arranged between the cable core and the outer jacket. The conductors of the lead wires adopt the unidirectional twisting structure of wire bundling twisting and composite twisting of single copper wire. With good flame-retardant as well as fireproof performances and high flexibility, the ultra-flexible cable is convenient for laying in a communication room, cannot be spread for combustion once a fire hazard is incurred, and can adapt to the using requirement in the communication room.


Understanding feeding consumption and nutrient ingestion in vegetarian diet is essential to foster nutritional adequacy. The goal was assessing Omega-3 consumption in such diets. It is a transversal study, performed with 09 vegetarian adults. The ingestion was achieved by means of 24-Hour Reminder and the nutrients were defined by nutritional software. The results disclosed that the diet is rich in ALA (Alpha-Linolenic Acid), however the functions are performed by EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid). ALA is capable of converting inefficiently in the other ones. In the present study, ALA consumption is above DRI's (2.55g± 2.14), but when it is converted to EPA (326mg) and DHA (65.5mg) is below EFSA guidance and North American cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment guidelines. It was possible to conclude that this nutrient is essential to health, and in vegetarian diet, it is not achieved, a special care is required in diet planning.


Impurity transport is a highly significant research topic in international fusion plasma simulations, which are mainly simulated by numerical codes at present. Most of the numerical simulation codes for impurity transport adopt multi-fluid or kinetic model to treat impurity particles. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable transport model for the simulation process. For impurity particles, if the mean free path of particles λ is much smaller than the gradient scale length of particles λ g, it is sufficient to treat the particles by the multi-fluid model. However, under some conditions, λ will be much larger than λ g. The applicability of the fluid model is limited when λ is larger than or equal to λ g. A comparison with the simulations on impurity transport treated with multi-fluid and kinetic models is necessary, respectively. In this study, the simulation results of carbon (C) impurity transport in the EAST scrape-off layer with the 2D edge plasma fluid code SOLPS-ITER and the 2D Monte Carlo impurity transport code DIVIMP are compared. The comparison between the distributions of carbon impurities ( C 0 ∼ C + 6) in the different ionization states and the CIII emissivity predicted by SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP shows that the density distributions of carbon atoms C 0 predicted by the SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP codes are similar. However, for carbon ions in different ionization states, the variations between the density distributions simulated from the SOLPS-ITER and DIVIMP codes can become larger with the increase in ionization states. DIVIMP performs slightly better than SOLPS-ITER in reproducing the shape of the CIII profile when drifts are switched off in SOLPS-ITER, but the difference is extremely small in terms of the uncertainties involved in these calculations.


The Australian White Paper on homelessness - The Road Home aspires to prevent people coming into homelessness, while at the same time support those who are homeless find accommodation and/or housing. Investing in services that enable people to maintain their existing housing promotes continuity of people's local networks and social involvement,


The decomposition of aquatic macrophytes results in the production of an amount of microorganisms, water, minerals, gases and humic compounds. Humic compounds are humic and fulvic acids which are polar substances with elevated molecular mass and irregular appearance, of heterogeneous nature and with varied degrees of polymerization. In aquatic ecosystems these substances take part in the pool of dissolved and particulate organic carbon, thus they hold considerable ecological and physiological importance. In the process of formation of humic compounds (humification) from the detritus of aquatic plants, a relative predominance of SH in the particulate organic matter in comparison to dissolved organic matter is perceived, with fulvic acid being the predominant compound. Although humic substances present recalcitrant properties in biodegradation, mineralization of these substances is essential in humus cycling and in the global carbon cycle. The refractance index of these substances renders them slow to decay in natural conditions, thus sediments acquire a great amount of humic substances. The processes of mineralization and humification can thus be seen as antagonist processes that evolve at different rates according with ambient conditions.


RECENT advances in electronic instrumentation and computer technology now enable us to measure relatively easily cochlear potentials to acoustic stimuli. These potentials are made up of cochlear and neural responses. The cochlear microphonic (CM), a potential originating in the hair cells of the organ of Corti, closely follows the characteristics of the stimulus. The eighth nerve action potential (AP) represents the sum of all the units of the cochlear division of the eighth nerve. (The summating potential, a DC response, which is thought to arise from the inner hair cells is not recorded by the technique to be described.) Determination of the threshold response of these peripheral electrical potentials to acoustic stimulation will, therefore, give us an objective audiometric threshold. This is a preliminary report in which an attempt is made to establish a baseline of the threshold response of the action potential to acoustic clicks in volunteers with normal hearing and in subjects with sensorineural deafness.


Recent observations at length scales of at least about 10 to the 18th cm and about 10 to the 11th cm suggest the possibility of a generally turbulent interstellar gas with a Kolmogorov spectrum. The total r.m.s. fluctuation in fluid properties is of the same order as the mean. The consequences of such a turbulence spectrum for cosmic rays are discussed. If the turbulence is composed of Alfven waves propagating in both directions along the average magnetic field, the rate of Fermi acceleration is found to be significant. Consequences of the turbulence for spatial transport and the general dynamics of the interstellar gas, as well as possible energy sources for the turbulence, are discussed. It is concluded that Fermi acceleration by interstellar turbulence is a possible acceleration mechanism for galactic cosmic rays.


In the course of screening for hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory agents, a new gamma-pyrone derivative, lepidepyrone, C(8)H(10)O(5), was isolated from the cultured mycelium of the mushroom Neolentinus lepideus TMC-1102 as a major HAase inhibitory compound (IC(50) 3.3 mM). The structure of lepidepyrone was established on the basis of spectroscopic investigation.


The success of the harvest period will greatly affect the agricultural output itself. Processing of agricultural fields that still use traditional methods greatly affects crop yields, the cause of the effect of crop yields is the pests faced by farmers. Rice plant pests that often interfere are insect pests. Based on the background, in this study designed a monitoring system for traps and automatic midges to cope with rice plants from pest attacks using IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The purpose of this study is to obtain a monitoring system using sensors on IoT-based insect pest traps and find out the benefits of IoT technology in real time in monitoring insect pest traps.The automatic trap and midges monitoring system uses the ESP32-WROOM microcontroller, pest sting module, Passive Infrared Receiver sensor, ultrasonic sensor, DHT11 sensor, and the Blynk platform. Parameters monitored include temperature, humidity, presence of pests, pest characteristics, and light control. The results of this design are successful in monitoring the presence of pests on rice plants, controlling lights for on/off conditions, and displaying the temperature and humidity values of the rice fields displayed on the Blynk application on smartphones. This design tool can measure temperature and humidity values with an error percentage of 4.42% for temperature detection, and 6.03% for humidity detection. For PIR sensor readings can only detect insect pests from 0 to 5 meters. As well as ultrasonic sensors emit ultrasonic waves to repel pests with a radius of 4 meters.


The study assesses the livelihood vulnerability of dairy farmers to climate variability and change (CVC) in Wayanad district of the Western Ghats region in Kerala. For this purpose, a Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) was developed underlying the definition of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change consisting of 28 indicators and 7 LVI components. A fussel framework was used for conceptualizing the vulnerable situation. Participatory rural appraisal and personal interviews were used to collect household data of 180 dairy farmers of three taluks complemented by thirty years of gridded weather data. The normalized data were then combined into three indices, i.e. sensitivity, exposure and adaptive capacity, which were then averaged with weights given using principal component analysis, to obtain the overall index. LVI indicated that the dairy farmers of all the taluks of Wayanad are vulnerable to CVC with Pulpally taluka being the most vulnerable with 48.33% farmers under the high level vulnerability category with wide variation in LVI components across the taluks. For the sustenance of dairy farming of small and marginal farmers of the region and for mitigating risks, policies are required for incentivizing the livelihood infrastructure and promotion of grass root level innovations.


The recently coined term «Event-Driven Business Process Management» (EDBPM) is a combination of actually two different disciplines: Business Process Management (BPM) and Complex Event Processing (CEP). The common understanding behind BPM is that each company's unique way of doing business is captured in its business processes. For this reason, business processes are today seen as the most valuable corporate asset. In the context of this article, BPM means a software platform which provides companies the ability to model, manage, and optimize these processes for significant gain. As an independent system, Complex Event Processing (CEP) is a parallel running platform that analyses and processes events. The BPM- and the CEP-platform correspond via events which are produced by the BPM-workflow engine and by the IT services which are associated with the business process steps. In this paper we present a general framework for EDBPM as well as first use cases in the context of logistics and financial services.


The Student Challenge Our students this morning have cogently and feelingly detailed a damaging case against contemporary medical education and practice. They have also literally pleaded for us, their older colleagues, to listen to this case. Their sincerity and their urgency demand not only that we listen, but that wehearand that werespondresponsibly and with a concern at least equal to theirs. It is my delicate task to attempt such a response. I speak as one member of the educational establishment who shares their interest in change, relevance, and the primacy of human values in medicine. I must, however, underline the personal nature of this response. I disclaim any role as an official representative, but I hope some of my thoughts are representative of those entertained by other concerned educators and practitioners. The students have used commendable clarity and brevity to detail the deficiencies in human values


Kant is an 18th century German philosopher whose work initiated dramatic changes in the fields of epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and teleology. Like many Enlightenment thinkers, he holds our mental faculty of reason in high esteem; he believes that it is our reason that invests the world we experience with structure. In his works on aesthetics and teleology, he argues that it is our faculty of judgment that enables us to have experience of beauty and grasp those experiences as part of an ordered, natural world with purpose.


![Figure][1]

Compared to control neurons (left), BC1 RNA (white) isn't delivered to dendrites in cells lacking hnRNP A2 (right).

Muslimov et al. reveal how noncanonical structural motifs target RNAs to neuronal dendrites and describe how this might go awry in a neurodegenerative disease


This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimal configuration for multisegmented linear LED driver to achieve a maximized system efficiency. Based on the theoretical analysis of the turn-ON states, the system efficiency is derived and found to be highly dependent on the segment voltage and reference current parameters. GA with a fitness function of the system efficiency is introduced in detail for the case of a four-segmented LED voltage configuration. With an input voltage of 220 V (rms) and input current of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$11\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reference for the four turn-ON states, the four optimal segment voltages are calculated to be 160, 80, 39, and 22 V. Saber simulation results show that the GA-based configuration can give a higher efficiency (96.5%) than other typical configurations (<88.6%). Experiments are also implemented, and the results are consistent with the simulations, showing that a high system efficiency of 95.1% with a power factor of 0.98 can be achieved with the GA-based configuration.


Intra-cystic cancer represents a specific entity of breast cancer by its occurrence at an advanced age, growth intraductal papillary architecture and it's slow. We reported two cases of cancer intra-cystic breast collects in the service Gynecological "C" CHU Ibn Rushd of Casablanca between 2008 and 2010, itappears that: • Both patients are seen during menopause. • The clinical and misleading, dominated by a breast lump lonely, or without clinical signs apparent. • Paraclinical examinations pose a positive diagnosis of the cyst with intracystic vegetations but without wearing confirmation diagnosis of intra-cystic cancer. • The frozen section is not always reliable. • That the histological examination with many cuts that can confirmation for two patients. • Driving is based on a therapeutic surgical treatment Conservative or radical associates, according to the indication has whether adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy. • The evolution is favorable for two patients.


About 25% of all married women in developing countries want to space or limit their childbearing but do not have access to the means to do so. Whether or not to practice family planning should be the right of every human. It is clear, however, that when given the choice, many people prefer to space and limit their childbearing in the interest of improving their economic condition, their health, and the health of their children, as well as to secure the best possible education for their children among other reasons. Family planning is an investment in the future which enables people to better control their primary living conditions. Most sexually active people in Africa with unmet need desire to space their childbearing, so reversible methods are called for. There is equal need for birth spacing and birth limiting in Asia and North Africa, while the demand for birth limiting dominates in Latin America. The concept of unmet need has been extremely useful in defining national family planning policies and in prioritizing the need for international assistance. This concept, however, is too quantitative and omits several groups who have or may have an unmet need for family planning. The author discusses the use of unreliable methods, abortion as a family planning method, the unmarried, the potential growth of unmet need, and the need for greater efforts.


OBJECTIVE
To confirm 17 rare HLA alleles detected during routine HLA typing and deduce their haplotypes.

METHODS
Bi-allelic sequence-based typing and Luminex DNA PCR-SSOP assay were applied for the initial or repeat HLA typing, respectively. The rare HLA alleles were confirmed with mono-allelic sequence-based typing. Predicted haplotypes of the rare alleles were inferred based on the frequencies of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Han population.

RESULTS
The authenticity of the total 17 rare HLA alleles was proven, and 18 predicted haplotypes associated with the rare alleles were recognized. A*11:12 and DRB1*13:19 were detected twice among unrelated individuals.

CONCLUSION
Study of rare HLA alleles and predicted haplotype can provide useful information for donor searching and transplantation, and enrich polymorphisms of HLA in this population.


In this work a new low-cost solution for the implementation of electronically scanning active antennas for mobile satellite terminals in Ka-band is presented. The proposed antenna is made of a slotted post-wall waveguide array with integrated active feeding network. The small size of this antenna, its flat profile, lightweight and low fabrication costs, together with its high performances in terms of antenna efficiency, high gain and scanning capabilities, make it a very attractive solution for mobile satellite terminal applications.


The invention describes an operating system which comprises a voice-operated device and an actuating device, various operating functions being assigned to the actuating device by means of the voice-operated device. According to the invention, the actuating device has several degrees of adjusting freedom and types of a haptic acknowledgment which can be set depending on the assigned operating function.


The French government announced a fiscal plan of EUR 100 billion, exceeding 4% of France's gross domestic product, to deal with the pandemic, including liquidity support. This means that strengthening international cooperation to fight the pandemic and stabilizing and restoring the economy is the inevitable choice to deal with this pandemic. On March 2, the President of the International Monetary Fund and the President of the World Bank Group issued a joint statement expressing their readiness to help member countries deal with the life, health, and economic challenges brought about by COVID-19. In the face of the once-in-a-century global pandemic and the global livelihood crisis, in order to support the implementation of the above-mentioned bailout and assistance package, fiscal and monetary policies must set clear anti-crisis targets and strengthen countercyclical adjustments and policy implementation during extraordinary periods. © 2021 selection and editorial matter, Cai Fang.


Abstract Business executives are stock characters in the film narratives of the Coen brothers. In nearly every Coen brothers film we find a business executive of some type, from small business owners to corporate CEOs. These characters are men of wealth and power, typically corrupt, often criminal, and always antagonistic to the endeavors of the story's protagonist. Drawing on recent research in business and organizational management science focused on the narcissistic aspects of contemporary corporate leadership, this article explores CEO narcissism and applies it to characters in Coen brothers movies. Blood simple, Raising Arizona, Fargo, The big Lebowski, and The Hudsucker proxy satirize business moguls as "blustering titans," possessed of an inflated sense of self-importance and superiority, a willingness to manipulate others for personal gain, and a constant demand for self-validation.


Taking Swedish teacher education as its point of departure, two related problems are discussed in the article. (1) Practice is often understood to be completely immersed in itself. Consequently, there arises the problem if and how it can get out of this enclosedness and get some perspective on itself. Three ways of introducing distance into practice are proposed, and, thereby, of establishing knowledge about practice, i.e. self‐reflection, dialogue and scientific research. (2) Sometimes theory and practice are regarded as absolutely different and incompatible. According to this kind of dualism it is not possible to integrate any kind of theoretical knowledge into teachers professional actions. By showing how distance can be eliminated from theory and transformed into practical skill, it is argued that this dualism is not maintainable.


The advancement of the tall building began during the latter part of the 19th century when the business corporation emerged as the dominant commercial institution. By the 20th century a pronounced split had occurred between production and administrative facilities with factories relegated to the suburbs as the skyscraper office became the flagship of major corporations. Since its invention, there have been many advances in skyscraper design such as those enabling their construction to greater heights through high-strength concrete, or in creating more electronically-responsive systems. This work provides a study of this building type, discussing environmental systems, the superstructure and foundations, the changing nature of work and work-place, and other topics. 22 projects are discussed in detail with secondary texts and numerous diagrams providing supplementary information relating to the main text.


Comorbidities are multiple co-occurring disorders related with a series of inpatient effects which affect the overall quality of care. We describe a methodology for the dynamic quantification of the effect of comorbidities on important health outcomes, such as the in-hospital mortality and patient complications. Using a comprehensive Medicare dataset, our algorithm utilizes the coefficients of binary logistic regression models to predict the impact of a comorbidity to a binary outcome and the effect of any new disease to this comorbidity profile. To demonstrate the functionality of the algorithm, we developed a pilot java based web application. The system can be useful upon the first patient encounter as well as during the entire service episode of the care.


Introduction . Changes in physical fitness of younger generations are a fact and they include most of its components. Young adults, who decide on the specializations of tourism and recreation as well as physical therapy, will in the future undertake tasks in the area of physical education, and the need of proper strength and endurance forming in those students is a result of that. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the level of both of those features in students of both specializations of the University in Torun. Material and methods 32 male and 77 female second year students of tourism and recreation were examined, together with 28 male and 52 female first year students of physical therapy. Body height and mass were measured for those students as well as Rohrer index and BMI. A trial of static strength and endurance was realized according to Eurofit Physical Fitness Test Battery. Differences in results of both groups of subjects were evaluated by means of U test. Results. It was observed that male students of both specializations were characterized by similar values of the studied motoric and morphological determinants, while female physical therapy students were characterized by slightly greater means of morphological features and significantly greater means of fitness trials. Conclusions. It was concluded that identification of students with their profession by means of motoric and morphological conditioning influences succeeding in their future jobs, while men, as a result of their physiologically higher level of physical fitness, pay less attention than women to its importance in selection of specialization and further realization of their profession.


settlement along the western periphery of the great desert, and the gradual extension of Sabaean political influence throughout that region from the religious centre of Marib through the Jawf to the caravan centre of Najran. Von Wissmann's actual chronology relies on acceptance of the notorious Assyrian synchronisms and of Van Beek's 10th-9th century B.C. dating for a pot inscribed with a monogram found during the excavation of Hajar bin Humayd in Qataban. On this foundation a close palaeographical classification of the letter forms on the relevant inscriptions is tied in with a lengthy and complex analysis of the eponymate lists from Sawwana, using recent copies of the texts by C. Robin, to produce a list of rulers running continuously from the 8th century to the early 4th, with the key text, RES 3945, dated to about 685 B.C. This forms the bulkiest part of the study and the argument is pursued with such a ruthless attention to detail that the reader might reasonably be forgiven if he develops a feeling of despair. Yet the picture which emerges does make some sense and possesses internal consistency. It is bound, however, to provoke some anxiety on the part of many scholars, even those favouring the long chronology. The Assyrian references to tribute from Saba' are open to other interpretations, and this reviewer at least has never been particularly convinced by the date proposed for the Hajar bin Humayd pot. The whole question of dating monograms in South Arabia has yet to be broached, and it would be rather remarkable, if not impossible, if the principle involved in their use had reached such a degree of sophistication in South Arabia some 500 years before their earliest attestation in Greece, with which they are particularly associated. One feels also that von Wissmann has been over-rigid, almost simplistic in his approach to the palaeographical development of letter forms, leaving little scope for the possibility of individual variations of regional or indeed personal significance. After all, the palaeography of Greek inscriptions, for example, can be established with some confidence since at least there is a corpus of dated inscriptions available. This is not the case in South Arabia where so many key texts of the early period are fragmentary, or at best of very uncertain interpretation. A shorter chronology, in any case, has the advantage of offering a more convincing distribution of the texts over the successive reigns, with fewer embarassing temporal lacunae to explain. Be that as it may, this fine opus postumum, although not exactly drafted in a form to appeal to the layman, will be read with interest and respect. It contains fewer of the topographical titbits and interpolations which are such a charming feature of von Wissmann's earlier writings, but takes up a number of more general, almost philosophical, questions relating to the nature and basis of civilization in South Arabia. Although the untimely death of the author is presumably to blame for the lack of an index, the plates contain some important, hitherto unpublished photographs of the more significant inscriptions, of the temple complexes at Sirwah and al-Masajid, and of the Marib dam. It is sad that we can no longer anticipate further enlightenment from the researches of von Wissmann, in particular that his "Arabien nach Ptolemaus", which he announced as being "in Vorbereitung" as long ago as 1952 and which might well have proved to be his most significant contribution to the field, can now never achieve publication. A. K. IRVINE.


The native flora of New Zealand is to be treasured not only as among the most ancient in the world but also as a valuable resource. Dr Cooper and Professor Cambie draw on their knowledge of traditional Maori usage, scientific research, and economic developments in this account of past, present, and possible future uses of many of New Zealand's plants. The authors conduct a critical review of the materials and products which can be obtained from plants, and of the planting of some species for physical effect. Many of the applications they examine are in chemistry (dyestuffs, tannins, resin acids, alkaloids) and horticulture (plants for gardens and conservatories); others concern the extraction or manufacture of medicinal products, food and beverages, fibres, essential oils, and perfumes. Plants may check erosion or slow run-off, and are always of scenic value. Grasses can be used for pasture or turf; microalgae are important oxygenators of sewage ponds. Lichens fix atmospheric nitrogen, vital to the well-being of forests, themselves a source of timber. Informing their account throughout is the authors' belief that the genetic resource of New Zealand's native flora should be tended and maintained, in stark contrast to the traditional European approach of exploitation and replacement with introduced species. Plants are listed with common, scientific, and Maori names, and there is a comprehensive index of chemical terms. The book is illustrated with photographs both of paintings and actual specimens. Broad in its appeal, New Zealand's Economic Native Plants will interest teachers and students of botany, ecology, chemistry, biology, and Maori Studies, at secondary and tertiary level, as well as horticulturalists, historians, environmentalists, chemists, and entrepreneurs.


The concept of senescence as a barrier to tumorigenesis, either by natural replicative limits or as stress-induced senescence deserves a critical evaluation of the benefits that can be achieved for cancer diagnosis and therapy. It is accepted that neoplastic cells can be forced to undergo senescence by genetic manipulations and by epigenetic factors, including anticancer drugs, radiation and differentiating agents. Senescent features can be imposed even in the absence of the two functional effector pathways, p53 and pRb, paving the way for speculation about the possible benefits of inducing an unspecific senescence program to stop tumor growth. In the present work we will review the potential of cellular senescence to be used as target for anticancer therapy.


The pure and Ce-Cu,Ce-Ag doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel method with Ti(OBu)4 as raw material and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The photocatalytic activities of the pure and double elements doped TiO2 nanoparticles on activities were investigated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under ultraviolet light.The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 increased greatly owning to Ce-Cu,Ce-Ag doping elements,and the phase inversion temperature of TiO2 decreased through doping modification.


casca de arroz carbonizada, comparando os resultados com o substrato comercial. Os parâmetros avaliados foram número de folhas, comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, diâmetro do colo, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca do sistema radicular, e estrutura do substrato. Os resultados obtidos mostram que há uma grande viabilidade na utilização de substratos alternativos quando comparados ao comercial, por apresentarem respostas satisfatórias quanto a qualidade das mudas produzidas. Abstract: The quality of seedlings in horticulture is very important to success of crops. Ecological systems production requires the need to adapt the legislation for the use of these seedlings in cropping system.Giver the great demand in obtaining quality seedlings at low cost and less environmental impact this work evaluated how it behaves different species of vegetables in substrates that were a mixture of vermicompost and carbonized rice hulls, comparing the results with the commercial substrate.The parameters evaluates were number of leaves, shoot length and root system, stem diameter shoot fresh weight, fresh root system, and structure of the substrate. The result was that there is a big advantage in the use of alternative substrates when compared to commercial for presenting such a positive response on this and taking into account their lower cost and use of waste sites.


The invention discloses the method that the solid fluorine of a kind of improvement reconstruct lepidolite extracts alkali metal compound, the method is using the solution of calcium salt and sodium salt or suspension as reconstruct auxiliary agent, with lepidolite by mixing, pelletize, drying and moulding, again through high-temperature heat treatment, obtain grog, grog water logging goes out to obtain alkali metal salt compounds, and filtering residue reclaims solid fluorine reagent reconstitution with Ore Leaching again, simultaneously the silicate material of by-product high-quality。The method achieves the comprehensive utilization of lepidolite ore resource on the one hand, and the alkali metal response rate such as lithium, rubidium, caesium is high, achieves recycling of solid fluorine reagent reconstitution on the other hand, and raw material availability is high, greatly reduces production cost, is conducive to environmental protection。


Seedling survival percentage after a repeated drought stress has been extensively used as an evaluation index for seedling drought resistance in many crops.This paper aimed at improving the method for identifying seedling survival percentage after a repeated drought stress for seedling drought resistance evaluation in maize crop. A new type experiment design,termed here as double randomized block with single planting,was proposed and used to identify seedling survival percentage after a repeated drought stress in 32 varieties in maize.The experiment was conducted in separated plots compartted by concrete walls on sides and bottom.Maize seedling was germinated in sand medium and transplanted into the plot to ensure uniformly vigorous seedlings.It has been proved that the experiment design has assured uniform soil moisture for seedlings of all varieties,and that sand cultures technique effectively improved the seedling vigor uniformity.Both factors have contributed to the satisfactory identification results with acceptable variations among replications.The experiment revealed a significant linear positive correlation(r= 0.913,n=32) between seedling survival percentage after the first drought-rehydrtion circle and that after the second drought-rehydration circle.A new type experiment design-double randomized block with single planting-in maize was proposed,with a draft of rules for drought resistance identification technique,which greatly reduced the variations in soil moisture among different varieties resulted from difference in plant leaf area of seedlings.It has also been suggested that seedling survival percentage after the first drought-rehydration cycle can be used as an effective and practical method for identification and evaluation of maize seedlings.


Abstract The behavior of a probabilistic automaton is essentially characterized by products of matrices selected from a given finite set of stochastic matrices. It is of interest to know under what conditions these matrix products are stable against perturbations of the entries in the matrices.


List of contributors 1. Introduction Richard Dybowski and Vanya Gant Part I. Applications: 2. Artificial neural networks in laboratory medicine Simon S. Cross 3. Using artificial neural networks to screen cervical smears: how new technology enhances health care Mathilde E. Boon and Lambrecht P. Kok 4. Neural network analysis of sleep disorders Lionel Tarassenko, Mayela Zamora and James Pardey 5. Artificial neural networks for neonatal intensive care Emma A. Braithwaite, Jimmy Dripps, Andrew J. Lyon and Alan Murray 6. Artificial neural networks in urology: applications, feature extraction and user implementations Craig S. Niederberger and Richard M. Golden 7. Artificial neural networks as a tool for whole organism fingerprinting in bacterial taxonomy Royston Goodacre Part II. Prospects: 8. Recent advances in EEG signal analysis and classification Charles W. Anderson and David A. Peterson 9. Adaptive resonance theory: a foundation for 'apprentice' systems in clinical decision support? Robert F. Harrison, Simon S. Cross, R. Lee Kennedy, Chee Peng Lim and Joseph Downs 10. Evolving artificial neural networks V. William Porto and David B. Fogel Part III. Theory: 11. Neural networks as statistical methods in survival analysis Brian D. Ripley and Ruth M. Ripley 12. A review of techniques for extracting rules from trained artificial neural networks Robert Andrews, Alan B. Tickle and Joachim Diederich 13. Confidence intervals and prediction intervals for feedforward neural networks Richard Dybowski and Stephen J. Roberts Part IV. Ethics and Clinical Prospects: 14. Artificial neural networks: practical considerations for clinical application Vanya Gant, Susan Rodway and Jeremy Wyatt Index.


Introduction This article examines how Montana State University worked with two Native American Tribal Colleges (Dull Knife and Fort Peck) to establish three new undergraduate international courses, which integrated technology, multidisciplinary content, and experiential learning. Students were involved at all three campuses. International agriculture programs augment the student's college experience by providing a meaningful opportunity to learn directly about other cultures. This opportunity enhances a student's self-esteem and leadership qualities. Before the international courses were established, few faculty and students at the participating campuses knew about the benefits of international agriculture. Colleges of agriculture provide discipline-specific undergraduate and graduate programs that provide students with comprehensive technical skills. Through liberal arts requirements, they also enable students to obtain broad-based knowledge. However, they typically do not provide students with capstone multi-disciplinary courses that offer pragmatic experiential learning which broadens students' perspectives on the industries in which they intend to establish their careers. Furthermore, many students in land-grant universities lack adequate opportunities to travel and to study abroad in agriculture (Mason, et al., 1994). The number of U.S. students studying abroad (160,920 are reported to have received credit for study abroad in 2001-02) is low compared to the number of U.S. students in higher education, up to 15 million depending on definition. More alarming is the fact that students who study agriculture constitute 1.1% (1,770) percent of all students who study abroad (Open Door, 2003). Study abroad participants overwhelmingly remain social science and humanities majors and exhibit little ethnic or economic diversity (Hayward, 2000). International agriculture programs augment the student's college experience by providing meaningful opportunities to learn directly about culture and international political and economic issues related to food production. This experience enhances a student's confidence by providing leadership opportunities for participating students. It is in every college of agriculture's best interest to prepare its students to compete in a global community context (King and Martin, 1994). The single most daunting, exciting, and pervasive factor affecting the viability of U.S. farming and ranching today is globalization (UDSA, June 2002). Few students from colleges of agriculture and tribal colleges are knowledgeable about the benefits of international agriculture. Thus, there is considerable need for colleges of agriculture to develop international educational programs that provide international experiences to students. According to former Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley, globalization must proceed hand in hand with advances in international education, or we will miss the opportunities that the 21st century can offer (USDE, 2000). According to NASULGC (1999) an educated person in the 21st century will need to function effectively in a global environment. The goal, according to NASULGC, would be that all undergraduate students would graduate with an enriched international experience. To enable our students to more effectively compete in the world, we must broaden our concept of the classroom and be inclusive of international networking and active learning that comes with being a partner in global solutions (Mason, et al., 1994). This means taking a local or state problem and determining how to solve it in the broadest context. External and internal constraints inhibit a faculty members efforts to initiate an international agriculture education initiative. International travel is difficult to arrange, expensive, and time consum-


The question of self-aware artificial intelligence may turn on the question of the human self. To explore some of the possibilities in play we start from an assumption that the self is often pre-analytically and by default conceptually viewed along lines that have likely been based on or from the kind of Abrahamic faith notion as expressed by a "true essence" (although not necessarily a static one), such as is given in the often vaguely used "soul". Yet, we contend that the self is separately definable, and in relatively narrow terms; if so, of what could the self be composed? We begin with a brief review of the descriptions of the soul as expressed by some sample scriptural references taken from these religious lineages, and then transition to attempt a self-concept in psychological and cognitive terms that necessarily differentiates and delimits it from the ambiguous word "soul". From these efforts too will emerge the type of elements that are needed for a self to be present, allowing us to think of the self in an artificial intelligence (AI) context. If AI might have a self, could it be substantively close to a human's? Would an "en-selved" AI be achievable? I will argue that there are reasons to think so, but that everything hinges on how we understand consciousness, and hence ruminating on that area—and the possibility or lack thereof in extension to non-organic devices—will comprise our summative consideration of the pertinent theoretical aspects. Finally, the practical will need to be briefly addressed, and for this, some of the questions that would have to be asked regarding what it might mean ethically to relate to AI if an "artificial self" could indeed arise will be raised but not answered. To think fairly about artificial intelligence without anthropomorphizing it we need to better understand our own selves and our own minds. This paper will attempt to analyze the self within these bounds.


The electron beams produced by NOVAC7 IORT accelerator have been modelled with BEAMnrc, a general purpose Monte Carlo code for simulating radiotherapy beams from linear accelerators or Co units. The realistic electron beams were stored in phase-space files which have been used as input in BEAMDP code to calculate energy, angular, fluence and mean energy distributions at the phantom surface. Due to the technical limitations, such beam characteristics are difficult or even impossible to be experimentally determined. In these conditions, the use of Monte Carlo method is the only way in which we can enhance our knowledge on many aspects of the clinical beams.


Abstract : Estimation of the expected proportion of an area target destroyed by a salvo of weapons is an important problem in weapons systems effectiveness studies. Analysts sometimes use an approximate formula called the empirical rule for this purpose. Esary demonstrated that this rule consistently over estimates the parameter of interest. In this report, we propose a modification to the empirical rule that appears to provide significantly improved estimates of the cumulative damage.


Ever since the cosmic‐ray expedition of A. H. Compton's group in the early 1930's to Mt. McKinley, there has been a good deal of interest in the possibility of doing cosmic‐ray work on Alaskan peaks. These mountains represent about the only means of obtaining observations over any protracted period at high altitudes and at far northern latitudes. Further stimulated by our own desire to obtain neutron measurements at such elevations and latitudes, it seemed worth while to make a comprehensive examination of the present situation with a view to finding out what peaks could be occupied as research stations, and what difficulties each peak presents. In the survey which is reported herein, the key feature making the entire operation possible was the Piper Super‐Cub expertly piloted by Terris Moore, the energetic president of the University of Alaska


The Java Trench is the only subduction trench in the Indian Ocean that extends to the hadal zone (> 6,000 m water depth), and except for sevenbenthic trawls acquired around the 1950s, there has been little to no sampling at hadal depths undertaken since. In 2019, we undertook a 5-day expedition comprising a scientific dive using a full ocean depth-rated submersible, the DSV Limiting Factor, seven hadal-lander deployments, and high-resolution bathymetric survey. The submersible performed a video transect from the deepest point of the trench, up a 150 m high near-vertical escarpment located on the forearc, and then across a plateau at a depth of ∼7,050 m to make in situ observations of the habitat heterogeneity and biodiversity inhabiting these hadal depths. We found the Java Trench hadal community to be diverse and represented by 10 phyla, 21 classes, 34 orders and 55 families, with many new records and extensions in either depth or geographic range, including a rare encounter of a hadal ascidian. The submersible transect revealed six habitats spanning the terrain. The deepest trench axis comprised fine-grained sediments dominated by holothurians, whereas evidence of active rock slope failure and associated talus deposits were prevalent in near-vertical and vertical sections of the escarpment. Sediment pockets and sediment pouring down the steep wall in "chutes" were commonly observed. The slope terrain was dominated by two species in the order Actiniaria and an asteroid, as well as 36 instances of orange, yellow, and white bacterial mats, likely exploiting discontinuities in the exposed bedrock, that may indicate a prevalence of chemosynthetic input into this hadal ecosystem. Near the top of the escarpment was an overhang populated by > 100 hexactinellid (glass) sponges. The substrate of the plateau returned to fine-grained sediment, but with a decreased density and diversity of epifauna relative to the trench floor. By providing the first visual insights of the hadal habitats and fauna of the Java Trench, this study highlights how the habitat heterogeneity influences patchy species distributions, and the great benefit of using a hadal-rated exploratory vehicle to comprehensively assess the biodiversity of hadal ecosystems.


A new approach was recently proposed for the numerical solution of integral equations describing transient scattering problems. The idea is to first discretise in space, and then solve the resulting system of linear time-domain equations by carrying out a temporal Laplace transformation. This approach combines the efficiency of the marching-on-in-time method with the stability and the accuracy of frequency-domain techniques. The repeated solution of the Laplace-transformed system of linear equations thus obtained with the aid of iterative technique is considered. Initial estimates are generated by marching-on-in-frequency and using a new extrapolation scheme. The feasibility of this idea is demonstrated by solving electric-field integral equations for the total current along a straight thin-wire segment and the current density along a perfectly conducting cylinder.


A cyclic storage system is a conjunctive use system, containing two major sub-systems: surface water and groundwater, which could meet the guaranteed demands via an interactive trade-off cycle. Considering the literatures may lead us that, these kinds of systems neither has been of a great concern in general topics, nor in particular fields such as distributed optimization of design, and operating rules. In order to optimize these systems, one must consider the hydraulic interactions between all of the components. Unfortunately, it has been neglected in most studies. In these two companion papers (both have published in this issue); a distributed parameter approach has been implemented for optimum planning of cyclic storage systems. For this purpose the modified and generalized form of unit response matrix has been developed and used to connect the distributed parameter groundwater simulation model to the optimization model. The resulted optimization model has a form of a nonlinear programming. In order to validate the model, it has been implemented in a hypothetical simple cyclic storage system. The results show that the modified unit response matrix method is a robust and powerful method for optimum planning of cyclic storage systems.


Focusing on low moisture and fertility of the soil in Iran, the field trials were conducted to assess the effect of zeolite as a natural super absorbent and nitrogen on yield, yield components (number of siliques per plant, number of seeds per silique and 1000 seeds weight) and some fatty acids (palmetic acid, palmitoleic acid and stearic acid) of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.-cv. Okapi) under different irrigation regimes in Takestan, Iran during 2009-2010 autumn growing season. The experiment were laid out in a three- replicated-randomized complete block design with three zeolite rates (Z1= 0, Z2= 5, and Z3= 10 t Z ha −1 ), three nitrogen rates (N1= 0, N2= 75, and N3= 150 kg N ha −1 ) and two irrigation regimes (I1= normal irrigation (control) and I2= interruption of irrigation at flowering stage). It was shown that the highest seed yield were attained with 150 kg N ha −1 and 10 t Z ha −1 and 75 kg N ha −1 and 10 t Z ha −1 at normal irrigation and water stress


The distribution of cirrus clouds over China is presented using the Earth-orbiting Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization(CALIOP)Level 25 km(horizontal resolution)cloud layer product from June 2006 to May 2008.The three quality control standards based on cirrus climatologies can be effectively used to eliminate the cirrus false identifications in this product.From the analysis of cirrus cloud horizontal distribution,the authers attribute the highest occurrence frequency of cirrus clouds of about 60% in the south of China near Intertropical Convergence Zone(ITCZ)to the strongly rising air and rich water vapor.The terrain-induced cirrus clouds produced by uplifted relatively warm and moist air on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau cause the relatively high occurrence frequency of about 30%-40% on the northeast slope of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The migrations of ITCZ and monsoon induce the seasonal latitudinal movement of cirrus over China,and the relatively high cirrus on the northeast slope of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau relatively which occurs in winter and spring as well.The latitudinal variation of vertical distribution of cirrus displays that the cirrus clouds at low-latitude center around 16 km due to the limit of tropopause.The analysis shows that the horizontal distribution of multilayered cirrus cloud systems with different kinds of cloud is closely associated with the latitudinal distribution of different kinds of cloud.In addition to the multilayered cirrus cloud systems occurring with cirrus,the relatively high value on the northeast of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is mainly contributed to the occurrence of systems with high altocumulus.


Over the last ten years, a small cadre of narrative theorists has proposed the concept "unnatural narration" as an antidote to the prescriptive realism they encountered in many structuralist, rhetorical, and cognitive models. Authors, these theorists argue, have a far wider palette of potential techniques than has been acknowledged, and in fact some of the most esoteric methods undergird even apparently "natural" narratives. To date, scholarly work on unnatural narration has focused primarily on prose, but given its emphasis on the differences between "prototypical" conversational narrative and "literary" narrative, the concept seems ripe for application to other media forms. In this essay, I use the "unnatural narrative" concept to reassess the functionalist theories of narration in comics proposed in landmark studies by Scott McCloud and Thierry Groensteen (among others). This reassessment refines the theoretical models for both unnatural and graphic narration by using them to illuminate the unusual narrative capacities of the asyet underappreciated Dave McKean / Neil Gaiman collaboration, Signal To Noise (1990-2006).1 I conclude, first, that the effects produced by experimental "unnatural" narratives such as Signal To Noise align closely with recent re-formulations of a "cognitive sublime," by Thomas Weiskel and Porter Abbot. Such formulations envision a cognitive rather than mystical event: a mind in a habitual state meets an overwhelming array of pos-


More and more wearable devices are applied to the tourism industry, laying the foundation for critical discussions on the technological mediation of tourism experience. Virtual Reality (VR) is one of the most promising tools for the tourism industry since the big breakthrough in 2014 and many consumer-grade headsets becoming available in 2016. It let us can virtually visit a place via VR goggles. Dark tourism destinations such as Pompeii, Berlin Wall, 911 Memorial attracted a large number of visitors every year. However, the dark sites sometimes are connected with the massacre or war, thus also named "Difficult Heritage" or "Traumascapes". The aim of this study is to inspire a new idea of promotion that introduced the Taiwan dark tourism through the augmented VR experience. GoPro Hero 4 six-camera set, Kolor Autopano Giga and Panotour Pro software, and the web platform Holobuilder were applied in this experiment. 228 Memorials and Parks were chosen as the dark tour destinations. Visitors can just use their mobile phone to scan the QR code, and put on the VR goggles. They immerse in the virtual tour with 360-degree panoramas video, interactive audio guiding, and tour self-paced from one destination to another destination.


Fungal endocarditis is a rare but poor-prognostic disease. It typically occurs in patients with several predisposing factors such as open heart surgery, long term venous catheterization, antibiotic therapy, intravenous drug abuse, hematologic malignancy and AIDS. We report a case of native endocarditis caused by Aspergillus fumiuatus, which has not been reported as a causative organism of native valve endocarditis in Korea. A 47 year-old female patients without significant past medical history except pulmonary tuberculosis was admitted because of headache and neck pain. After admission, she developed high feve, new cardiac murmur and signs of multiple systemic embolization. Echocardiography revealed large mobile vegetations. Emergent mitral valve replacement was performed and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the resected vegetation. Despite postoperative amphotericin B therapy, she died of subarachnoidal hemorrhage.