Social networks are becoming an easy to use platform for viral marketing that are much more powerful and fast in propagating considered information in different topics. To this end, identification of influential users in social networks plays a crucial role in a successful viral marketing. Most of existing influential maximization methods are based on structural properties of networks. Whereas there are more personal information such as users' interests and friends' common interests that affects the behavior of users in confronting the shared massages. This manuscript proposes a novel method to identify the influential users for marketing in social networks based on their specific interests and power of influencing on their neighbors. We claim that not any hub node can be chosen as the influential spreader in the considered marketing contents and the influential users should be chosen based on their interests topics obtained from their historical activities .We propose a new method to identify the most influential users. In the proposed method, the extent of interest of the influential nodes and their neighbors are considered and the SIR spreading model is used to investigate the spreading process. Experimental results on six real social networks reveal effectiveness of the proposed method as compared to the existing methods based on centrality measures.


Here we are discussing the participation of Amedeo Avogadro in the Second Congress of the Italian Scientists, which was held in Turin in 1840. During this conference, he gave three talks concerning the specific heat and the electronegativity. In the talk on the second subject, Avogadro stressed the necessity of a relative scale to determine electronegativity or electropositivity of reagents. (Article in Italian)


Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of azithromycin and cefixime in the treatment of acute bacterial invasive diarrhea in children. Methods: From Jul. 2004 to Nov. 2004, 121 evaluable children ,ages 4 months to 12 years old presenting with acute bacterial diarrhea were randomized to receive either azithromycin (10 mg/kg/day, once a day;n= 64) or cefixime (5-8 mg/kg/day,twice a day; n = 57). Clinical response were assessed on days 3. Results: Clinical cure or improvement was observed in 98.44% and 96.49% of the azithromycin and cefixime groups, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups(X2 = 0.472,P0.05). Conclusion: Oral azithromycin was safe and effective for the empiric treatment of acute invasive diarrhea in pediatric patients.


Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a pruritic and chronic inflammatory skin disease which affected approximately 20% in children. Bacterial infection is common in AD patients and correlates directly with AD severity. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial skin infection in AD patients and its relation with severity of AD and also to study bacteria in the infected AD and its antibiotic sensitivity. Samples were 86 children and adolescents with an AD in Helvetia Community Health Center Medan from March 2016 until February 2017. Index of SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) was used to evaluate the severity of AD. Lesion and nonlesional skinwere swabbed to take sterile cultures. All bacteria noted and tested for antibiotic sensitivity. Datawere by using Chi-Square and Mann Whitney test with 95% CI and p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fifty-six AD patients (65.1%) were bacterial infected. There was a significant relationship between severity of AD and bacterial infection (p = 0.006). Staphylococcus aureus was the leading bacteria from all degrees of AD severity. Isolated Staphylococcus aureuswas sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanate (93.3%), clindamycin (90%), erythromycin (90%), and gentamicin (90%), while sensitivity to tetracycline was low (20%).


We developed a lead oxide PbO film of ∼170 nm thickness by RF sputtering on a fused silica substrate. When this film sample is annealed in an oven at 650 °C for 4 min, its physical thickness measured using a surface profiler decreases to ∼163 nm, but its optical film thickness determined using a spectrophotometer increases to 382 nm. This fact implies that PbO will diffuse into the fused silica substrate and form a PbO–SiO2 mixed film that is a graded-index planar waveguide with two transverse electric (TE) modes at 633 nm wavelength. Although the Maker fringe patterns of both fused silica and PbO–SiO2 mixed film samples thermally poled at 6 kV, 275 °C and 30 min look similar, we speculate that second-order nonlinearity exists in poled PbO–SiO2 mixed film because of the higher refractive index contrast at the air-to-film interface. A nonlinear optical coefficient of approximately 1 pm/V in poled PbO–SiO2 mixed film is calculated using a double-step nonlinear profile and grid search fitting technique. The induced second-order nonlinearity is stable for at least several months.


— Acid rain occurs when sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (No x ) gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Soil has a greater buffering capacity than aquatic systems. However excessive amount of acids introduced by acid rains may disturb the entire soil chemistry. Acidity and harmful action of toxic elements damage vegetation while susceptible microbial species are eliminated. In present study, the effects of simulated sulphuric acid and nitric acid rains were investigated on crop Glycine max. The effect of acid rain on change in soil fertility was detected in which pH of control sample was 6.5 and pH of 1%H 2 SO 4 and 1%HNO 3 were 3.5. Nitrogen nitrate in soil was high in 1% HNO 3 treated soil & Control sample. Ammonium nitrogen in soil was low in 1% HNO 3 & H 2 SO 4 treated soil. Ammonium nitrogen was medium in control and other samples. The effect of acid rain on seed germination on 3 rd day of germination control sample growth was 7 cm, 0.1% HNO 3 was 8cm, and 0.001% HNO3 & 0.001% H2SO4 was 6cm each. On 10 th day fungal growth was observed in 1% and 0.1%H 2 SO 4 concentrations, when all plants were dead. The effect of acid rain on crop productivity was investigated on 3 rd day roots were developed in plants. On12 th day Glycine max showed more growth in 0.1% HNO 3, 0.001% HNO 3 and 0.001% H 2 SO 4 treated plants growth were same as compare to control plants. On 20 th day development of discoloration of plant pigments were observed on acid treated plants leaves. On 38 th day , 0.1, 0.001% HNO 3 and 0.1, 0.001% H 2 SO 4 treated plants and control plants were showing flower growth. On 42 th day, acid treated Glycine max variety and control plants were showed seeds on plants. In Glycine max variety 0.1, 0.001% H 2 SO 4, 0.1, 0.001% HNO3 treated plants were dead on 46th day and fungal growth was observed. The toxicological study was carried out on Glycine max plants exposed to 1% HNO 3 cells were damaged more than 1% H 2 SO 4 . Leaf sections exposed to 0.001% HNO 3 & H 2 SO 4 showed less damaged of cells and pigmentation observed in entire slide when compare with control plant. The soil analysis was done to find microorganisms in HNO 3 & H 2 SO 4 treated Glycine max and control plants. No microorganism growth was observed in 1% HNO 3 & H 2 SO 4 but control plant showed microbial growth.


Chapter 1 Preface Part 2 The Making of a Social Problem Chapter 3 Saving Womanhood Chapter 4 Sexual Harassment Industry Part 5 Typifying Tales Chapter 6 The Accusers Chapter 7 The Fruits of Injustice Chapter 8 Galloping Contradictions Part 9 The Feminist Turn Against Men Chapter 10 Heterophobia Chapter 11 The Authority of Expeirence Chapter 12 "There Ought to Be a Law" Chapter 13 Conclusion: Redefining the World


White-rot basidiomycetes have evolved as efficient degraders of wood. These fungi produce the range of degradative enzymes neccessary to depolymerize its complicated structure. Although they have potential use in a variety of applications, most of the enzymes from these fungi are not commercially available. Those available are typically impure, or being only minor activities of non-specific enzymes and are frequently misidentified. Due to the characteristics of solid substrate fermentations, the concentration of enzymes produced by fungi are often higher than those obtained in liquid fermentations. Spent fungal cultures available from commercial mushroom farms provides a potentially abundant source of low-cost material for extraction. Recovery of enzymes from such cultures can provide a synergistic set of degradative enzymes in quantities sufficient to dvelopment of new industrial applications. Summarized are our initial studies concerning the recovery of enzymes from commercial shiitake mushroom cultures.


Irreversible circuits were transformed into their equivalent reversible circuits. The resulting reversible circuits were optimized using a synthesis method proposed by Miller, Maslov, and Dueck, and a line reduction algorithm proposed by Wille, Soeken, and Drechsler. The application of the line-reduction algorithm reduced the number of circuit lines from 5 to 4. The effect of the line-reduction algorithm on the matrix representation of the original circuit was shown to preserve the reversibility of the function. It was also shown that only the matrix representation of a circuit or cascade of gates is needed to determine the operation of its n successive applications, which may be useful in length reduction of reversible circuits.


We propose and demonstrate an original planar excitation of a single wire transmission line also known as Goubau-Line (G-Line). The excitation is based on an electromagnetic transition between a coplanar waveguide and the desired G-line in a planar configuration. We present some characteristics for this line such as its electromagnetic spatial distribution, its velocity, and results in the frequency domain analysis for the transitions. We will also show some results concerning the shape of the G-line and its influence on the transmission level. From these results, we show that there is a great interest for these structures in the field of biological characterization.


Learning in the 21st century requires the ability of students who are critically oriented, communicative, and innovative, as well as implementnumeration skills. Problem-Based Learningmodel combined with Lesson Study becomes one of the implementation ways to improve numeration skill. The facts show that numerical literacy skills remain low in Indonesia. Students in class IX F SMP Muhammadiyah 08 Batu frequently struggle with analyzing science material questions presented in the form of calculations and diagrams. This research aimed at discovering the students numeration skill based on their learning outcomes, particularly on the material of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The research method used was exploratory descriptive, and the study was conducted at SMP Muhammadiyah 08, Batu City, Malang, during the odd semester period (2022/2023). 25 students of IX-F class were used as the object of this research, of which students were grouped into six groups. This research was based on the Lesson Study for Learning (LS-LC) stages of the plan, do, and see. Student Worksheets (LKPD) and teacher assessment rubrics served as the researchinstruments. The obtained data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively, and qualitatively. This research indicates that by using the LS-based PBL model, there is an increase in the average student results in cycle one between the first and second meetings, namely 83.3 to 88.9. In cycle II, the first and second meetings present a significant increase in student learning outcomes, ranging from 82.6 to 95.8. Based on these findings, it is possible to conclude that the PBL learning model improves the students numerical literacy skills at SMP Muhammadiyah 08 Batu.


The renormalization group (RG) equation in the self-consistent local potential approximation (SC-LPA) suggested earlier for the description of continuous phase transitions in lattice models of the Landau-Ginzburg type has been applied to the solution of the spin-1 Blume-Capel model on the simple cubic lattice. The calculated transition temperatures of both continuous and the first-order phase transitions (FOPTs) in zero external field have been found to be in excellent agreement with the best available estimates. It has been argued that the SC-LPA RG equation may give more accurate and complete description of the FOPTs than those reported in alternative approaches. It has been shown that the SC-LPA RG equation can be cast in the form of the generalized Burgers' equation (GBE). In this formulation of the RG the FOPTs have been shown to assume the form of the shock-wave solutions of GBE in the inviscid limit. Universality of the RG flow in the vicinity of the fixed point describing FOPTs has been discussed.


Throughout this article, we examine the potential pathways towards failure in public engagement projects as well as specific experiences of failure. Our aim is to identify some core reasons why attempts by historians to work with people beyond the campus contain risk and might fail. To do this, we focus on the types of relationships that are formed as a result of collaboration and emphasise the role of dialogue: of speaking and, more importantly, of listening. In writing this article, we therefore set out to explore the implications of sound and space for socially engaged public history. Throughout the article, we develop the idea of 'fraught spaces' as a way of recognising the feelings, especially of anxiety and insecurity, that all participants might experience as they enter what are some-times complex relationships. We also suggest some practical steps to support collaborative research.


This chapter examines the communication skills of the negotiator. It is particularly interested in the question of how he perceives himself and is perceived by others. The choice of communication style will then depend solely on the situation at hand, and not on his personal limitations. This ensures a maximum coherence between intention and efficacy, given the multiplicity of the challenges involved. The chapter focuses on two typical negotiator profiles, one consistent and one variable. Observations in a number of situations with different counterparts mutually confirm one another: the pattern is always very similar. In complete contrast is the negotiator who presents a profile that varies depending on the situation he is confronted with. He has a whole range of behaviours available to him and selects the most suitable one in each situation.Keywords: communication; negotiation; perception


This textile support is intended for producing a tufted product such as artificial turf or moquette.Il comprises at least one ply (101) woven or non tissee.Des technical son (102, 103) extend in a or two directions and are secured to said web (101) so as to reinforce it.


The concept of psychiatry as a medical specialty applies to most countries today provided we keep in mind the varying fin plications of nosological entities in differ ent cultural settings. Accordingly, psychi atry in the Philippines must be viewed in a historical-geographical and cultural per spective. The Philippines is a country of about 27,000,000 people whose cultural evolution has been conditioned by at least three major influences: The original and long-standing Malayo-polynesian period was succeeded by 400 years of Spanish sovereignty, which in turn was followed by 40 years of Ameri can rule. This historical succession is fur ther complicated by the diversity of social habits from region to region within the country. Thus, there are more than 7,000 islands often with quite different cultural elaborations and linguistic patterns. It is not surprising, therefore, that a Filipino citizen may easily find himself a stranger in his own country as soon as he travels to a section other than that of his own regional origin. For many years, especially during the colonial period, the Filipino people have apparently been apathetic toward their lack of cultural unity and sense of national iden tification. Some of their basic Malayo-poly nesian traits were gradually buried in ob livion as western influences took precedence and increasingly dominated their lives, atti tudes, and mentality. Perhaps this is analo gous to the Freudian concept of introjection in that the image of the parent nation has gradually become idealized and self-sus taining. Now that the Philippines has sepa rated politically from its most recent parent and has assumed sovereign existence for


1) Japanese anise (Illicium anisatum L.) leaves were collected and ground after drying, then immersed with 50 % aqueous acetone for 3 days. After filtration, the extracts were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform (CHCl3), ethylacetate (EtOAc) and H2O, and then freeze dried after concentration. A portion of EtOAc (3.12 g) and H2O (6.08 g) soluble fractions were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column with various aqueous MeOH solution to isolate the compounds. Compound 1 ((+)-catechin) was isolated from EtOAc soluble fraction. Compounds 2 (quercetin), 3 (quercitrin) and 4 (2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin) were isolated from H2O soluble fraction. For the first time, quercitrin (3) and 2''-O-rhamnosylvitexin (4) of the isolated compounds were obtained from the extracts of japanese anise leaves.


Part 1 Interaction and second language acquisition: teacher-pupil interaction in second language acquisition the classroom context - an acquisition-rich or an acquisition-poor environment? Part 2 Formal instruction and second language acquisition: can syntax be taught? A study of the effects of formal instruction on the acquisition of WH questions by children are classroom and naturalistic acquisition the same? A study of the classroom acquisition of German word order rules the role of practice in classroom language learning. Part 3 Variability and second language acquisition: sources of variability in interlanguage interlanguage variability in narrative discourse - style-shifting in the use of the past tense. Part 4 Learning styles and second language acquisition: individual learning styles in classroom second language development classroom learning styles and their effect on second language acquisition - a study of two learners. Part 5 From research to pedagogy: second language learning and second language learners - growth and diversity contextual variability in second language acquisition and the relevancy of language teaching grammar teaching - practice or consciousness raising?


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Yu D, Su S, Bu L, Ma Y, Yuan K, et al. (2016) The Neuroimaging Findings of Internet Gaming Disorder. Int Arch Addict Res Med 2:022 Received: June 16, 2016: Accepted: August 11, 2016: Published: August 13, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Yu D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Yu et al. Int Arch Addict Res Med 2016, 2:022 Volume 2 | Issue 2 ISSN: 2474-3631


An investigation of the relation between serum vitamin B12 levels and age and sex of 242 haematologically normal subjects, 0 to 82 years of age was performed.


The semiconductor pixel detector Timepix (256 × 256 pixels with pitch of 55 um) can be used for energy measurements. This measurements require knowledge of the energy calibration of each pixel of the matrix. Such a calibration is very nonlinear in the low energy range. A method already exists that uses radiation sources for calibration of each pixel of the matrix. The response of each pixel is measured and evaluated in order to acquire parameters for a surrogate calibration function. This method requires analysis of thousands of spectra and performing thousands of fits. A new calibration procedure has been designed that combines Timepix test pulse functionality and measurement with radiation sources. This procedure significantly reduces time needed for calibration. In the first part of the method a relative calibration is obtain by injecting a defined test charges into all pixels of the matrix. In the second phase a calibration precision is improved and converted to absolute scale by irradiating the detector with a source. After such a complex calibration, it is possible to perform a recalibration of the detector, without the need for a source. The new procedure is fully automatic and is built into a current control and data acquisition software for Timepix detectors as an extension module.


We have made an investigation on the status of physics experiment teaching in midde schools in rural area in Anhui province.The results show that: experiment teaching conditions can partially satisfy the requirements of physics experiment teaching,but there are some distances between experimental conditions and physics course standard,some physics teachers lack the capacity and consciousness to develop the curriculum resources.These facts are restricting the improvement of the experimental teaching.Therefore,we propose some methods to improve the physics experiment teaching.


Fabrication of GaAs-based structures on Si substrates gives possibilities of easy integration of silicon electronics with optical devices. A major obstacle for a success of such technology are lattice defects, e.g. antiphase boundaries, twins, and dislocations, which are generated in GaAs by the 1attice mismatch to Si [1]. A substantial contribution of charged misfit dislocations to electronic vertical transport in those structures is then expected. In this work we investigated a system consisting of GaAs layer grown by molecular beam epitaxy on p+-type Si (for growth details see Ref. [2]). Formation of antiphase domains in that polar-on-nonpolar system was suppressed by simple misorienting the Si (001)-oriented substrate slightly toward the [011] direction. The nominally undoped GaAs epitaxial layer of 2 m thickness was n-type with Si concentration of 10 15 -10 16 cm-3 . Typically, as verified by secondary ίon mass spectroscopy (SIMS), the Si atoms move into the GaAs layer, and Ga atoms diffuse into the Si substrate. Moreover, a site exchange mechanism can occur by which Si donors on Ga sites move to As vacancies, thereby creating acceptor sites. This process is tremendously enhanced near the interface by the high density of lattice defects in heteroepitaxial layer. As a result the p-n junction is shifted to GaAs side with respect to the Si/GaAs interface [3]. The lattice constant of GaAs is about 4% larger than that of Si. This mismatch leads to the formation of a twodimensional network of misfit dislocations at


BACKGROUND
There are no xenograft models of low-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Transplant survival remains an obstacle in sarcoma xenograft models and is attributed to post-transplantation hypoxia. Models with an intrinsic tissue - engineered vascular supply may overcome this obstacle. The aim of this study was to establish a novel xenograft model of primary human low grade soft tissue sarcoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Primary low-grade liposarcoma fragments were transplanted into a silicon chamber, placed around the superficial epigastric vessels in athymic nude mice. Xenograft samples were assessed histologically (light/electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry for S100).

RESULTS
All xenotransplants of low grade primary soft tissue liposarcoma (n=4) engrafted, led to the development of solid tumours in mice. Histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the xenografts as being well-differentiated liposarcomas identical to the original tumor tissue.

CONCLUSION
Successful transplantation of human low-grade liposarcoma tissue in mice was established for the first time using a model with an intrinsic vascular supply.


Through this article the authors describe the social service context of the HUSK (The University Research Program to Support Selected Municipal Social Service Offices) projects and briefly describe 10 of the 50 projects funded throughout the country. The welfare state context for the cases and the criteria for case selection are also provided. The 10 cases are organized into three categories that feature the role of dialogue, educational innovation, and service innovation. These cases provide the foundation for the analysis and implications located in the subsequent articles of the special issue.


We read with interest McCance and Cameron's article1 reporting the experiences and views of qualified midwives on giving postpartum contraceptive advice in the July 2014 issue of the Journal.

We would like to draw readers' attention to a complementary study that we carried out with final-year student midwives on a 3-year midwifery programme in a UK university.2 ,3 This …


Background The prevalence of allergic respiratory disease tends to increase in populations that adopt the so-called Westernized lifestyle. We investigated the association between atopy and several possible lifestyle-related factors in seven Danish population-based studies. Methods A total of 20048 persons participated in the seven studies. We used logistic regression to analyse the associations between possible determinants and atopy defined as serum specific IgE or skin prick test positivity against inhalant allergens. Associations were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In addition, individual participant data meta-analyses were performed. Results Atopy was significantly associated with younger age (OR per 1 year increase in age: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97, 0.98); male sex (OR for males versus females: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.45), heavy drinking (OR for heavy drinkers versus light drinkers: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27), never smoking (OR for current versus never smokers: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.80), and higher educational level (OR for educated versus uneducated: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.15, 1.41). Atopy was not associated with blood pressure, serum total cholesterol, physical activity or body mass except in women only, where we found a positive association (OR for obese vs. normal weight: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.39) with ptrend = 0.032. Conclusions Of interest for preventive purposes, we found that atopy was associated with some of the reversible lifestyle-related factors that characterize a Westernized lifestyle.


A microprocessor board comprises many capacitors in parallel for decoupling purposes. Due to space constraints, they are kept close to each other. When two capacitors with different self-resonant frequencies are connected in parallel, between their self-resonant frequencies an impedance peak known as antiresonance is introduced. If the capacitors are placed close to each other, their mounting loops are magnetically coupled. This coupling affects the antiresonance peak value, which is studied in this study. An expression for the peak value of antiresonance is derived using circuit theory, and it is compared with accurate solutions obtained in Matlab™. A general critical damping condition is formulated based on this. The expressions are validated with simulation and experimental studies. The obtained results will be useful for improving capacitor selection algorithms used in power distribution network design by incorporating the coupling effects into the constraints.


Abstract. The paper analyzes the dynamically developing methodology for building balanced scorecard systems in the modern world. The reasons for the relevance of the processes of improving the management approach are considered. The article focuses on the existing problems in this area and assesses the prospects for the implementation of this system at one of the agricultural enterprises of the Kursk region – LLC "NIVA" of the Cheremisinovsky district. The article proposes a scheme for the development and implementation of a system of balanced indicators in the enterprise. On the basis of factor analysis, the influence of these indicators on the dynamics of the financial condition of LLC "NIVA" is investigated. Based on the general analysis, the strengths and weaknesses were identified, which allowed us to outline ways to improve management system for financial condition of the enterprise.


Response of a two‐level atom, relaxing owing to strong thermalizing collisions, in a weak near‐resonant pulsed radiation field is examined using the second order perturbation solution of the optical Bloch equations. Dependence of the rate of absorption on the collisional relaxation time of the atom, the correlation time, pulse width, and the degree of detuning of the incident field are discussed.


According to the characteristics of the optimal elimination ordering problem in Bayesian networks, a heuristic-based genetic algorithm, a cooperative coevolutionary genetic framework and five grouping schemes are proposed. Based on these works, six cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithms are constructed. Numerical experiments show that these algorithms are more robust than other existing swarm intelligence methods when solving the elimination ordering problem.


Objective To investigate biological significance and inside relationship of DNA content and ER,PR,P53,P21 gene protein's occurrence and development in gallbladder carcinoma.Methods Adopt HIAS-100 DNA image instrument and Envision microwave-immunohistochemistry to DNA content examination and indicate expression analysis ER?PRP53?P21 in 18 cases of gallbladder carcinoma.And cases were followed up.Results The high two-ploidy and U.average was 1 23 of DNA in higher split of gallbladder carcinoma;the polyploidy and U.average was 2 5 of DNA in low differentiate of gallbladder carcinoma.Positive expression rate of the ER was 88 89%?PR was 72 22% and P53?P21 all were 66 67% in gallbladder carcinoma.The poorer cancer cells differentiate and the deeper they infiltrate and the obvious polyploidy with higher U.average of DNA and higher positive expression rate are ER?PRP53?P21 of gallbladder carcinoma and the poorer prognosis too.Conclusion the DNA changeful ploidesis and positive expression ER?PRP53?P21 is related to the level of split extent and depth infiltrate of gallbladder carcinoma,it has greatly significant in the prognosis judgement.Excessive expression of ER?PR will possibly induce the matant of P53?P21 gene.They have closely inside relationship in the occurrence and development of gallbladder carcinoma.


Excerpt To the editor: In this journal, in 1967, Dr. W. Edmund Farrar, Jr. (1) reported the demonstration of transferable resistance to multiple antibiotics in association with an outbreak of shige...


The cultivation and production of biomass of prickly pear is of particular interest due to the fact that it can be grown in arid areas, producing higher amounts of biomass with lower inputs (water, fertilizers etc.) compared to other crops. The present study examines whether enzyme hydrolysis is capable to increase the amount of reducing sugars available to S. cerevisiae E1A strain to be used during alcoholic fermentation. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using the commercial enzymes Termamyl and Celluclast applied at various concentrations of dried cladodes and of dried fruit and added juice from discarded fresh prickly pears in order to enrich the quantity of sugars into the solution. The substrate used in the bioreactor experiment consisted of 100 g/L of dried cladodes with 40 g/L of dried fruit, which after the addition of the juice resulted in the synthesis of a liquid growth medium containing 48 g/L of sugars. The microorganism finally managed to produce a significant amount of endopolysaccharides inside the yeast biomass (22.12% w/w) while biomass (DCW) production was of 4.35 g/L. Ethanol at 21.54 g/L with a yield of ethanol produced per unit of sugar consumed YEtOH/S was equal to 0.49 g EtOH / g of substrate.


This paper investigates the influence of a phosphogypsum dump on the surrounding environment (soil ecosystem) in the Sumy region (Ukraine). Analysis of the surrounding soils was performed to study the possible presence of compounds leaching from the dump. For physical chemical analysis of samples, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) were used. XRF analysis did not confirm the contamination of soils around the phosphogypsum dump, and the soil fluoride levels measured in this study were comparable to the average soil fluoride concentration of soils globally. The colonization of the surface of the phosphogypsum dump by living organisms after the reclamation process was also analyzed. Field research was carried out on the routes, which specify the boundaries of the contours of plant communities, for description of phytocenoses in the territory of the dump, where the pH value ranged from 2.5 to 5.3, depending on the age of phosphogypsum terraces. Annual and perennial herbaceous plants are dominant on the reclaimed dump slopes. On the third and fourth phosphogypsum terraces (20 and 25 years old, respectively), tree forms have begun to settle, represented mainly by Populus tgemula, Populus alba, Betula pendula, and Robinia pseudoacacia. The studied patterns of ecological groups of plants growing under natural change of species can be used for the complete reclamation of the dump.


Background: Across Europe, there are increasing numbers of migrant women who are of childbearing age, pregnant or new mothers. Migrant women face many challenges and have particular needs during the perinatal period. In this age of super-diversity, provision of maternity care which is sensitive to the needs of all factions of our society is paramount to ensure a healthy and forward looking community.
Aim: As part of a larger multicentre study "Operational Refugee and Migrant Maternal Approach" (ORAMMA)*, this review aimed to evaluate the state of current evidence on migrant women's experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and maternity care in their destination country within Europe.
Methods: A systematic search of...


[Objective] To study the role of NODs signaling pathway against the stimulate of Aspergillus fumigatus in RAW264.7 cells by using siRNA to silence NOD2 gene.[Methods] RAW 264.7 cells were inoculated in six-well plate,and then divided into four groups: normal control group(N),normal control group with NOD2 gene silence group,normal with Asper-gillus fumigatus spores stimulation group(N+Af) and normal with Aspergillus fumigatus spores stimulation with NOD2 gene silence group.Each groups has three duplicate wells.The expressions of NOD1、NOD2 and RIP2 mRNA in each group were studied by RT-PCR and the expression of TNF-α in each group was detected by western blot assay.[Results] Compared with the N group,expressions of NOD1、NOD2 mRNA and TNF-α protein increased signifi-cantly in N+Af group;Compared with negative control group,the expression of NOD2 mRNA was significantly suppressed in NOD2(RNAi) group,the silencing effect was reached to 80%,indicating that NOD2 gene in RAW264.7 cells was succsessfully silenced.Compared with NOD2(RNAi) group,the expressions of NOD1、NOD2 mRNA and TNF-α protein were slightly increased,but no siginifcant difference(P0.05).Compared with N group,the ex-pression of TNF-α protein was increased significantly in NOD2(RNAi) group;Compared with N+Af group,the expression of TNF-α protein was lowered significantly in NOD2(RNAi)+ Af group.The expressions of NOD1、RIP2 mRNA in each group were changed slightly.[Conclusion] NODs and its signaling pathway play a role in resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus in RAW264.7 cells,particularly the role of NOD2 more prominent.


In what many consider to be a postrealist age, what are the new modes emerging that reflect a continued investment in representing contemporary life? This essay outlines the contours of a new social realism through the works of contemporary novelist Aravind Adiga. Against the grain of recent Indian writing, Adiga constructs a virulent critique of contemporary social issues. Adiga's realism is not transparent, but instead raises a set of open-ended questions about the nature of interpretation, elaborating a "realist hieroglyphics"—the presentation of realism as a mode founded on indecipherability—as an aesthetics central to the political novel.


In this manuscript, we investigate optimal control problems arising in connection with manipulation of dissipative quantum dynamics. These problems motivate the study of a class of dissipative bilinear control systems. For these systems it is shown that the optimal solution and the reachable set can be found by solving a semidefinite program. In practice, solutions to these problems generate optimal methods for control of quantum mechanical phenomena in presence of dissipation. In the area of coherent spectroscopy, this translates into the maximum signal that can be obtained in a spectroscopy experiment.


We describe a reciprocity relation for polarized radiative transport between arbitrarily positioned sources and detectors separated by a scattering medium. Applications to polarized Diffuse Optical Tomography are shown which allow for efficient computation of the sensitivity kernel.


Any plants that are propagated vegetatively are likely to have an enduring community of bacterial colonists that are transferred in successive progeny generations. The plant growth promoting effects attributed to endophytes are due to the direct production of phytohormones such as auxins, cytokinins etc or through the induction of phytohormone synthesis by the plant. Being a vegetatively propagated plant species, Hibiscus rosasinensis shoots are amenable for treatment with endophytic bacteria. The effect of endophytic bacteria on the rooting and establishment of cuttings of Hibiscus rosasinensis was studied here. Four endophytic isolates and the consortium of them screened for their plant hormone production was used for this study. The treatment of cuttings with the tomato isolate LEE19 (Klebsiella sp.) for 12 hours, showed 75 % sprouting of cuttings and the highest shoot and root parameters compared to uninoculated cuttings. The rooting also increased to 100 % in LEE19 treatment. The treatment of entophytic bacteria increased significantly the number of leaves/ cutting, the shoot length, root length and fresh weight of roots. So the pre-plant stem treatment of cuttings can be recommended as a strategy for substituting or supplementing the use of chemical plant growth hormones in vegetative propagation of cuttings.


Submicron metal patterns have been produced by galvanic deposition in openings in a monolayer resist generated by electron beam (e‐beam) lithography. The monolayer resist is a self‐assembled docosanethiol (C22H45SH) layer adsorbed on gold. Proper removal of the thiol requires an e‐beam dose of 10–100 mC cm−2. The positive resist pattern was used to selectively deposit galvanic copper. The size of the Cu patterns is affected by the galvanic deposition time and the CuSO4 concentration in the electrolyte solution. The smallest Cu patterns produced were about 75 nm in width.


The generalized additive models (GAM) is an extension of the usual linear regression by generalizing linear functions into an additive function so that this model can be used even though the relationship of the response variable and linear predictor variables is not linear. And the response variable exponential family. But GAM can not be used if there are two effect influencing the model, that is fixed effect and random effect. The generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) is expected to be more efficient in identifying the effect of the distribution of the random component that is able to explain precisely the effect of a random component in a model. The use of generalized additive mixed models for quantitative variables with the estimation of data smoothing using smoothing spline functions, and parameter estimation using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) can not be solved analytically, so the estimator is computed by maximizing the log-likelihood function numerically using the Newton-Raphson method with using the expected second derivative of the log-likelihood function called fisher scoring techniques.


Children stories can be a powerful tool for a writer to present their views of the world around them, both positive or negative ones. This article attempts to examine the message beneath a children novel, The BFG by Roald Dahl by employing Barthes' five systems of codes. Focusing on the writerly codes, this descriptive qualitative research emphasizes on analyzing the smallest units of the stories, or the lexias. Each lexia is categorized into the three writerly codes to reveal the underlying message in the story. The findings show that despite The BFG being a children book, it consists of some serious social issues like racism. Another thing found in the research is that the issue can lead to a double meaning—whether Dahl intends to raise social awareness or that he wants to subtly say that he himself thinks of other races as inferior.


Congestion control has been an active research area for Internet protocols.It is critical to study on congestion control in message-oriented middleware following the publish/subscribe communication model when it is extensively used to transfer data reliably and transparently.This thesis provide a method to resolve the congestion by combining the PHB-driven mechanism and SHB-driven mechanism.


One aspect of the present invention is to assess the performance of automated analysis of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) recordings as a screening tool for OSAHS. As an initial step, statistical, spectral and nonlinear features are estimated to compose an initial feature set. Then, a fast correlation-based filter (FCBF) is next applied to search for the optimum subset. Finally, the discriminationpower of three pattern recognition algorithms is assessed: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) and logistic regression (LR). According to another aspect of the invention, oximetry is used to determine the OSAHS severity in children. Single-channel Sp02 recordings from 176 children were divided into three severity groups according to the apnea- hypopnea index (AHI): AHI = 5 e/h. For testing the severity of OSAHS, first spectral analysis is conducted to define and characterize a frequency band of interest in SpO2. Then the spectral data is combined with 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI3) by means of a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, in order to classify children into one of the three OSAHS severity groups.


We demonstrate how a combination of our recently developed methods of part- ner symmetries, symmetry reduction in group parameters and a new version of the group foliation method can produce noninvariant solutions of complex Monge{Amp ere equation (CMA) and provide a lift from invariant solutions of CMA satisfying Boyer{Finley equation to non-invariant ones. Applying these methods, we obtain a new noninvariant solution of CMA and the corresponding Ricci-flat anti-self-dual Einstein{Kahler metric with Euclidean signature without Killing vectors, together with Riemannian curvature two-forms. There are no singularities of the metric and curvature in a bounded domain if we avoid very spe- cial choices of arbitrary functions of a single variable in our solution. This metric does not describe gravitational instantons because the curvature is not concentrated in a bounded domain.


Study of hydrate nucleation is of current interest for many practical applications. In particular the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena may aid the design of more efficient low dosage antiagglomerants and kinetic inhibitors of natural gas hydrates. The time and length scales (10 -9 s and 10 -9 m) in these phenomena make them difficult to study experimentally. Molecular simulations are suitable for bringing to light the hydrate formation and growth mechanisms. In the literature there are several reports on the spontaneous formation of stable hydrate cages under several instances. In all cases the conditions are out of the range for many practical applications, namely, very high pressure (from 500 to 2000 bar). In most of cases amorphous clusters containing structural units of sI and sII hydrates are observed. Recently we reported a simulation approach which allows simulating hydrate formation at moderate subcooling. Our work produces structures with higher structural order in much lower computational times. In this work hydrate formation in water-methane, water-propane, and watermethane-propane mixtures is studied by means of molecular dynamics simulations within P and T ranges of practical interest. The incipient formation of cages, nucleation, and sustained growth stages of hydrates are observed in the course of our simulations. We monitor the different geometries of the cages formed and describe the structures produced. Significant differences are observed between the methane and propane hydrates. The methane-propane mixture produces hydrates structures with elements reminiscent from the two pure components.


In many applications using superconducting cables such as tokamaks for fusion, the angle between the strand axis and the applied field can take values different than 90/spl deg/. Estimating the critical current value for any angles knowing only its value for the well-known perpendicular orientation at a given field, is very useful. A model is presented that could achieve, for a given material, such a result thanks to an intrinsic parameter, called the anisotropy parameter, defined as the ratio of the axial critical current in a perpendicular field to the azimutal critical current In a parallel background field. To check the model for Nb3Sn, this parameter has been measured on Nb/sub 3/Sn untwisted strands. We used two methods: one based on magnetic measurements and the other on critical current measurements with several field orientations and strengths. Unexpectedly an anisotropy of the critical current density as a function of the field orientation has been pointed out in these measurements.


The paper deals with the virtual approach and application of orthogonal transform theory, used for ordinary single-phase system to its transformation into equivalent two-axes system. It is well known that the analysis of multiphase systems can be more simple using the Park/Clarke transform into two-axis stationary (alpha, beta) or rotary (d, q) reference frame. The above transform can be used for electrical machines as well as for power electronic systems. The projection of time state-space vector for any quantity of symmetrical three-phase system in Gauss complex plane (alpha + jbeta) shows out six-side symmetry of vector quantity trajectory. Then, analysis of such system can be focused on the interval equal to 1/6 of the time period only. It is clear that when using similar transform of single-phase quantity into equivalent two-axes orthogonal system it will be possible to use all advantages as in three-phase transformed system with respect of 4-side symmetry instead of 6-side of previous case. Analysis in such orthogonal coordinates system will then be identical to the three-phase one under Park/Clarke transform, including determination of instantaneous reactive power. The presented method creates a virtual two-phase system from the original singlephase system by adding a new fictitious phase. The new thought is based on the idea that ordinary singlephase quantity can be complemented by virtual fictitious phase so that both of them will together create orthogonal system, as is usual in three-phase systems. Application of above-mentioned theory makes it possible to use complex methods of analysis as instantaneous reactive power method. Both, the active and reactive powers can be determined by this way. Practical application of the method is outlined for the case of active and reactive power determination for single-phase power active filter, unified power flow controller, and dynamic voltage restorer, Fig.1 [14], [15], [17] - [19].


We propose a new method for modeling practical non-Gaussian and non-stationary noise in array signal processing. GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) models are introduced as the feasible model for the heavy tailed probability density functions (PDFs) and time varying variances of stochastic processes. We use the GARCH noise model in the maximum likelihood approach for the estimation of directions-of-arrival (DOAs). Our analysis exploits time varying variance and spatially non-uniform noise in sensor array signal processing. We show through simulations that this GARCH modeling is suitable for high-resolution source separation and noise suppression in a non-Gaussian environment.


and treatment of oncological diseases. Ear-lier, we showed that silver glyconanoparticles based on mercaptopropionylhydrazones of aldoses exhibit antiviral and antifungal activity. Aim . Was to study the antioxidant activity of silver glyconanoparticles based on the condensation products of 3-mercaptopropionic acid hydrazide with mono- and disaccharides. Materials and Methods. The objects of the study were Wistar rats in increase the metal-catalyzed of proteins the an metal-catalyzed in glyconanoparticles on obtained results the possibility of using silver glyconanoparticles based on xylose mercaptopropionylhydrazones for creation of with antioxidant activity. Protein modifications by electrophilic lipoxidation Adduct formation,


The prerequisite for a maglev line to enter service are different approvals given by the Federal Railway Authority (EBA). In practice, the approval for construction on the basis of the Maglev System Planning Law (MBPlG) and the approval for entering service on the basis of Art. 4 of Maglev System Construction and Operation Ordinance (MbBO) are of prime importance because these processes have the greatest influence and depend, at least in parts, on each other. The central element of the process is the approval of the safety concept according to Art. 23 of MbBO because the measures described in the safety concept are relevant both for the design of the line and the operation and maintenance rules.


This book provides full-sized patterns for every part of each scroll saw shelf featured, along with instructions for how to adhere the patterns to the wood and how to save time by stack-sawing identical brackets and pieces. Each scroll saw technique, from drilling saw gates and sawing, to assembly and finishing, is covered in full detail. Patterns can be enlarged or reduced, and the woods and finishes can be varied to suit individual taste, creating a wide variety of projects.


Solid particles with the same composition were added to aluminum bronze QA10-3 molten liquid by suspension casting.The effects of superheated condition on the microstructure of QA10-3 alloy at different melting treating temperature were investigated.The results show that the lath structure changes into irregular granular/ rosette structure by adding floating agent,and the grain is refined to 50 μm in average.


For reconstructing past climate, an empirical linear rela位onshipbetween air temperature and isotopic compositions of ice core has been used as a paleothermometer. However, the relationship between air temperature and stable isotope data is affected by the several factors other出antemperature. Based on出e result of Ichiyanagi et al . (2002), we examine the interannual v訂 iationof stable isotopes泊 precipitationat Argentine Island, Antarctica. The causes for the interannual variation of stable isotopes in Antarctic precipitation are discussed in 血e relation wi血 El N泊o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) using large-scale atmospheric data. Anomalies of surface泊rtempera旬reand 0'0 of precipitation in the Antarctic Peninsula are negatively correlated with ENSO.τne low (high) 叩 omalyof 0' 0 is associated with southerly (northerly) and cold (warm) anomalies, which is considered to appear as a response to仕leENSO teleconnection. Rsults of 出ewater budget analysis considering the origin of water vapo乙 relative con仕ibution and remaining ratio of moisture flux are very important for determining the observed 0'0凶 precipitation.


In this paper, a mathematical model for large deformation of a cantilever beam subjected to tip-concentrated load is presented. The model is governed by nonlinear differential equations. Large deformation of a cantilever beam has number of applications is structural engineering. Since finding an exact solution to such nonlinear models is difficult task, this paper focuses on developing soft computing technique based on artificial neural networks (ANNs), generalized normal distribution optimization (GNDO) algorithm, and sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The strength of ANN modeling for governing the equation of cantilever beam is exploited by the global search ability of GNDO and further explored by the local search mechanism of SQP. Design scheme is evaluated for different cases depending on variations in dimensionless end-point load

 ρ

 . Furthermore, to validate the effectiveness and convergence of algorithm proposed technique, the results of the differential transformation method (DTM) and exact solutions are compared. The statistical analysis of performance indicators in terms of mean, median, and standard deviations further establishes the worth of ANN-GNDO-SQP algorithm.


Healthy Valleys is a community focused health improvement initiative and our operating principles are our strength – we adopt a community development approach, we are flexible, responsive to communities, effective and innovative. Healthy Valleys adds value when delivering services because we are effective at engaging with disadvantaged communities. Indeed Healthy Valleys engages local people and delivers services in local places, all of which contribute to making a positive difference.


The history of the Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, which opened both the golden age of the military and political power of the Russian Empire and the Eastern Question in international relations, contains many bright pages. One of the legendary and still little-known heroes of that war was Lieutenant Colonel Nazar Alexandrovich Karazin (1731-1783), ethnic Bulgarian and cavalry officer of the Russian service, tireless adventurer, intelligence officer and partisan commander. As a secret emissary of Empress Catherine II, he carried out an important intelligence and political mission and alone, under an assumed name and in disguise, he made deadly dangerous journeys deep into enemy territory, providing communication between the Russian command and the leaders of the anti-Ottoman conspiracy in the Principality of Wallachia. And then, as the commander of an independent cavalry detachment of local natives, Arnauts, acting in the vanguard and at a great distance from the main forces of the Russian army, Karazin acted as the coordinator and leader of the uprising in Wallachia, which led to the expulsion of the Turks from Bucharest in November 1769. The book is the first monographic study of the life and military-political activity of N.A. Karazin in historical science. The work is based on documents from Russian archives, most of which have not been introduced into scientific circulation before, as well as sources in Romanian that are practically unknown in Russia – Moldovan and Wallachian chronicles and diplomatic documents. The book is intended for all those interested in the military and political history of the reign of Catherine II, the history of the Russian-Turkish wars, the Eastern the question of Russia's policy in the Balkans and its relations with the Danube Principalities.


The proper evaluation of ice load on offshore structure in ice-infested area makes it possible to construct the structure. It is the key to clarify that the scale effect, that indentation ice pressure decreases as an area of structure with ice sheet increases, is caused by the nonsimultaneous failure of ice sheet. Medium scale field indentation tests (MSFIT) in JOIA project had been conducted to evaluate the ice load since 1996 winter, using natural sea ice in Lake Notoro. This paper shows the results of ice indentation tests conducted in 1997 winter.


We consider the problem of estimating the support of a vector beta* isin R" W based on observations contaminated by noise. A significant body of work has studied behavior of lscr1 -relaxations when applied to measurement matrices drawn from standard dense ensembles (e.g., Gaussian, Bernoulli). In this paper, we analyze sparsified measurement ensembles, and consider the trade-off between measurement sparsity, as measured by the fraction 7 of non-zero entries, and the statistical efficiency, as measured by the minimal number of observations n required for exact support recovery with probability converging to one. Our main result is to prove that it is possible to let gamma rarr 0 at some rate, yielding measurement matrices with a vanishing fraction of non-zeros per row while retaining the same statistical efficiency (sample size n) as dense ensembles. A variety of simulation results confirm the sharpness of our theoretical predictions.


The size of the smallest detectable sample feature in an x-ray imaging system is usually restricted by the spatial resolution of the system. This limitation can now be overcome using the diffusive dark-field signal, which is generated by unresolved phase effects or the ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering from unresolved sample microstructures. A quantitative measure of this dark-field signal can be useful in revealing the microstructure size or material for medical diagnosis, security screening and materials science. Recently, we derived a new method to quantify the diffusive dark-field signal in terms of a scattering angle using a single-exposure grid-based approach. In this manuscript, we look at the problem of quantifying the sample microstructure size from this single-exposure dark-field signal. We do this by quantifying the diffusive dark-field signal produced by 5 different sizes of polystyrene microspheres, ranging from 1.0 µm to 10.8 µm, to investigate how the strength of the dark-field signal changes with the sample microstructure size, S . We also explore the feasibility of performing single-exposure dark-field imaging with a simple equation for the optimal propagation distance given microstructure with a specific size and thickness, and successfully verify this equation with experimental data. Our theoretical model predicts that the dark-field scattering angle is inversely proportional to √ S , which is consistent with our experimental data.


ABSTRACT The genomic and antigenomic 3′-end replication promoters of Sendai virus are bipartite in nature and symmetrical, composed of le or tr sequences; a gene start or gene end site, respectively; and a simple hexameric repeat. The relative strengths of these 3′-end promoters determines the ratios of genomes and antigenomes formed during infection and whether model mini-genomes can be rescued from DNA by nondefective helper viruses. Using these tests of promoter strength, we have confirmed that tr is stronger than le in this respect. We have also found that the presence of a gene start site within either 3′-end promoter strongly reduces 3′-end promoter strength. The negative effects of the gene start site on the 3′-end promoter suggest that these closely spaced RNA start sites compete with each other for a common pool of viral RNA polymerase. The manner in which this competition could occur for polymerase off the template (in trans) and polymerase on the template (in cis) adds insight into how the viral RNA polymerase switches between its dual functions as transcriptase and replicase.


This experiment studied the change in a human`s control of his or her static posture by analyzing the stabilogram diffusion and, by using the said study, evaluated the control ability of different groups with different experiences. The postures had a rising requirement of heel-rise according to three conditions: heel-toe, ball, toe; the groups were divided into dance major student and non-dance majors. The results of the critical points according to posture did not show a direct relation with the change in postures that had a rising requirement of heel-rise. The diffusion coefficient(D) had greater stochastic activity for short-term regions that utilize open-loop controls without feedback than for long-term regions that used closed-loop controls with feedback to maintain balance. The directional results of the body undergoing disturbance showed that A/P direction`s diffusion coefficient (D) was larger than that of M/L direction. Both feet`s planar diffusion coefficients were a linear combination of the diffusion coefficients calculated for the x and y axis. In studying the different abilities to control posture between a dance major student and a non-dance majors, a comparison of open-loop control`s diffusion coefficient(D) was effective, and dance major student had superior control ability to that of non-dance majors.


The paper discusses questions concerning the essence, measuring and analysis of the sustainability of the economy. It reviews the used indicators of economic sustainability. Evaluations of the sustainability of the economy of Bulgaria are done with real data. It is confirmed that macroeconomic sustainability can be achieved with a corresponding development at microeconomic level. The paper outlines factors of sustainability, which according to the author do not receive the necessary attention.


This study aims to assess the microfinance institutions' (MFIs') efficiency in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) after the reforms that were undertaken in the industry. Given the complementary role between MFIs and banks (where MFIs reach the population that the banks cannot), we ask whether these reforms have promoted sustainability or outreach. For this purpose, we use a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the social efficiency on the one hand and the financial efficiency on the other hand. Our results show that sustainability prevails. Indeed, we observe an increase in financial efficiency at the expense of social and financial efficiency. MFIs that stress outreach tend to be less efficient, when one considers their intermediation role. Moreover, reforms have a negative impact on social efficiency and a positive impact on financial efficiency. Indeed, prudential ratios and accounting standards that were implemented, led MFIs to privilege their intermediation role.


We describe a new gecko of the genus Blaesodactylus from dry forest in Ankarafantsika National Park, western Madagascar. Blaesodactylus ambonihazo sp. nov. is distinguished by its medium size, small and homogeneous gular granules, unspotted ventral side, and lack of tubercles on distal part of original tail. The new species, for which we propose an IUCN Red List status of "Data Deficient", is also characterized by a strong differentiation in the mitochondrial DNA and a unique haplotype in the nuclear Rag-1 gene. The molecular data presented herein also confirm new locality records of Blaesodactylus antongilensis along the Malagasy east coast (Ambodiriana, Andaparaty, Befanjana and Sahafina). Within its known distribution area this species is genetically homogeneous in the markers studied. In contrast, the population of B. sakalava from the Tsingy de Bemaraha in central western Madagascar is genetically divergent compared to south-western specimens and needs further morphological and genetic studies to clarify its taxonomic status.


Rigid-terrain unmanned ground vehicles(UGV) can run under the field environment by the advanced adaptive ability. This paper presents a novel horse inspired rigid-terrain eight-wheel vehicle with four-swing arms. This unmanned ground vehicle is drived by distributed hydraulic motors. By cooperating with four-swing arms and eight wheels, the vehicle has the ability to work like a horse climbs an obstacle under the complex ground. The mechanism, bionic obstacle surmounting algorithm and operation strategy are analyzed in detail. The posture planning of wheel arms and the kinematic model of the UGV are studied. Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) simulation results and prototype experiments are executed to verify the analysis and strategy. The results show that this type of unmanned ground vehicle has good performance on crossing the obstacle and running on the rigid-terrain ground.


This study investigated the functional connectivity of the neural networks when vibrotactile stimulation is applied to the fingertips of young adults. Twenty healthy, right-handed subjects were stimulated with vibrotactile stimulation whilst being scanned with a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. The subjects were stimulated at 30 Hz – 240 Hz using a piezoelectric vibrator attached to the subjects' bilateral index fingers. The scanned data were processed with independent component analysis (ICA), while the temporal configuration and spatial localisation of the component were investigated. The activation locations were tabulated and compared with regions of somatosensory in the brain. Using ICA, somatosensory regions and their neighbouring areas identified one or more of these components mapped to the common significant regions in the medial frontal gyrus (MFG), paracentral lobule (PaCL), precentral gyrus (PrG), postcentral gyrus (PoG), inferior parietal lobule (IPL), and cingulate gyrus (CgG). Using Neuromark as a reference, six significant networks with the highest correlation values, r>0.5, were identified: the visual network (VIN), sensorimotor network (SMN), cognitive-control network (CCN), subcortical network (SCN), default-mode network (DMN), and auditory network (AUN). It showed that VIN and SMN were the most activated during the vibrotactile stimulation. A comparison of the network volumes and peak activations during the conditions demonstrated changes in volume and corresponding peak activation during vibrotactile stimulation. This study contributes to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the somatosensory areas. Other than that, not only this study highlighted the underlying effect of vibrotactile stimulation towards the functional brain connectivity at network levels, but it also highlighted the impact of frequencies in somatosensory studies. In the future, we suggest that exploring the change in the range of frequencies and examining its differences will allow us to comprehend aspects of somatosensory networks and their connectivity.


The structure and arrangement of appendages (scalids) on the head of the homalorhagid kinorhynch Kinorhynchus phyllotropis Brown & Higgins, 1983 are named, described and illustrated. In adults of this species, seven rings of external scalids are separated by segment boundary structures from the oral styles and three rings of internal scalids. All of these appendages contain ciliated receptor cells which pass to pores at the scalid tips, and all but the two anterior rings are jointed. All of these appendages are radially arranged in multiples of five, and closely associated with the ten lobed circumoral nerve ring. The most posterior scalid ring consists of fourteen trichoscalids, of which six are longer than the other eight. The six longer trichoscalids are arranged in bilateral symmetry, two to each of the three facets of the body. Similarities between scalid arrangement in Kinorhyncha and Loricifera are discussed.


33 The microRNA cluster miR-17-92 is oncogenic and represents a valuable therapeutic 34 target in c-MYC (MYC)-driven malignancies. Here, we developed novel LNA gapmeR 35 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to induce RNase H-mediated degradation of MIR17HG 36 primary transcripts and, consequently, to prevent biogenesis of miR-17-92 microRNAs 37 (miR-17-92s). The leading LNA-ASO, named MIR17PTi, impaired proliferation of several 38 cancer cell lines (n=48) established from both solid and hematologic tumors by on-target 39 antisense activity, and more effectively as compared to miR-17-92 s inhibitors. By focusing 40 on multiple myeloma (MM), we found that MIR17PTi triggers apoptosis via impairment of 41 homeostatic MYC/miR-17-92 feed-forward loops (FFLs) in patient-derived MM cells; and 42 induced MYC-dependent synthetic lethality. We show that alteration of a BIM-centered 43 FFL is instrumental for MIR17PTi to induce cytotoxicity in MM cells. MIR17PTi exerts 44 strong in vivo anti-tumor activity in NOD-SCID mice bearing clinically relevant models of 45 MM, with advantageous safety and pharmacokinetics profiles in non-human primates. 46 Altogether, MIR17PTi is a novel pharmacological tool to be tested in early-phase clinical 47 trials against MM and other MYC-driven malignancies. 48 the safety and plasmatic pharmacokinetics (PK) of MIR17PTi in non- cynomolgus monkeys). The amount per injection 362 to the NOD SCID mice, after inter-species dose 31 . To assess the safety profile, MIR17PTi injected on days 1-4-8-15-22 mice) as control, an additional animal i.v. injected At the end of period, ng/mL 0-12


In this paper we are concerned with two related topics—management literature and The London Classification of Business Studies. To understand the purposes and structure of the Classification it is essential first to consider the scope and content of management literature. But management literature would not exist, certainly in its present form, without the business schools, and so it is appropriate to begin by attempting a very brief answer to the question—what is management education? This fine new building in which we are meeting, with its lecture theatres, seminar rooms, computing facilities, its important library, its excellent residential accommodation, helps to provide a visual answer. But it is necessary to consider a broader perspective.


This article shows clinical, radiographic, and therapeutics fea tu res of Periapical Cyst. It is presented a case report, that Izas a large extension and involve seven teeth, from left mandibular canine ( 3,3) fo right mandibular first bicuspid (4,4). They were previously given root canal treatment.


A summary of the topics covered in papers presented at the 1995 Brookhaven joint conference on production, neutralization, and application of negative ion beams is given. The conference topics covered included plasma ion sources, plasma seeding of these sources for increased ion production, beam extraction and transport, computer simulation and design studies, and operation of existing and experimental ion source facilities. Application of the sources to accelerator, tokamak, and thin film deposition are discussed. (AIP)


The microconduit 35-mm slide demonstration described here provides a simple, graphic, and dynamic illustration of the principles and many of the processes involved in flow injection analysis.


Twenty-one crossbred Angus bulls (497 ± 7.7 kg of BW and 324 ± 3.0 d of age) were housed individually to evaluate the effect feeding method on feed intake, sorting, animal behavior, and digestibility. Dietary treatments, offered ad libitum, were: complete feed of pellet (concentrate) mixed with chopped straw (5 cm length; TMR); pellet and chopped straw (5 cm length; SS); pellet and long unprocessed straw (15–20 cm length; LS). In SS and LS straw and concentrate were fed separate feeders. Feed intake, fecal and bloat scoring were recorded daily. Behavior (scan sampling), BW, and TMR particle size sorting were recorded fortnightly. Total tract apparent digestibility (day 14 and 35) and rumen pH and VFA samples via rumenocentesis (day 28 and 42) were analyzed. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model. No differences in concentrate and straw intake, fecal and bloat scoring among treatments were observed. The straw to concentrate ratio did not differ between SS and LS (8 to 92), and was smaller than the ratio fixed in TMR (15 to 85). TMR bulls sorted (P < 0.05) particles with a size between 1.7 and 4 mm. Treatment did not affect rumination time. TMR showed (P < 0.05) more oral non-nutritive behaviors than SS. Rumen pH was greater (P < 0.01) in TMR than in SS and LS, although it was above 5.6 in all treatments. Rumen acetate to propionate ratio was greater (P < 0.05) in TMR than in SS and LS. LS bulls had greater DM (P < 0.05) and CP (P < 0.01) digestibility compared with SS or TMR bulls. Feeding concentrate and straw (short or long) separately does not increase the risk of rumen acidosis compared with TMR, and feeding long straw separately from the concentrate improves the total tract apparent DM and CP digestibility.


The purpose of this chapter is to review the evidence of adult and subadult health for individuals recovered from the Man Bac site during the 2005 and 2007 excavation seasons. A fuller appreciation of the inhabitants of Man Bac can only be realised through an examination of the nature and patterning of health markers in the context of other bio-variables such as preservation, demographic profile, stature, diet and genetic relationships with contemporaneous, previous and later populations in the region. To this end, the health profile of the Man Bac inhabitants has been developed towards the end of this monograph.

The palaeohealth of the ancient inhabitants of what is now Vietnam has been extensively examined and discussed in a number of studies (Oxenham et al., 2005; Oxenham, 2006; Oxenham et al., 2006). With respect to Man Bac specifically, limited examinations of childhood health, using remains from the 2005 season only, have been carried out in the context of broader mortuary archaeological questions (Oxenham, 2006). In this chapter, health variables are limited to two nonspecific signatures of physiological impairment, cribra orbitalia and linear enamel hypoplasia, as well as a range of oral health indicators, including dental caries, alveolar defects (often termed abscesses) and antemortem tooth loss. Subsequent publications will review the evidence for other health variables including trauma and infectious disease.


Short circuit thermally stimulated depolarization current measurement techniques has been employed to investigate the dielectric relaxation behavior of PSF: PVDF blends. The samples taken were blends of composition PSF: PVDF:: 80:20; 85:15; 90:10 and 95:05 percent by weight. Bimetallized samples were polarized at different temperatures 60, 75, 90 and 115 0 C with various fields 100, 150, 200 and 250kVcm -1 . The short circuit TSDC thermograms of the electrets thus obtained were recorded by reheating the sample in short at a linear rate of 3 0 C/min. The thermograms were characterized by a high value of initial current, a low temperature peak around 75-80 0 C and a prominent broad peak in the temperature interval 130 to 160 0 C. The open circuit thermograms were recorded on bimetallized electrets in a similar way by introducing an air gap between collecting electrode and the electrets. The open-circuit thermograms were characterized by a current of positive polarity with a peak in the temperature interval 150-160 0 C.A comparison of short circuit thermograms with the open circuit thermograms revealed that the peaks observed in the TSDC thermograms are caused primarily by motion of excess charges. The two polymers are found to form compatible blend in the studied composition range. IndexTerms – PSF, PVDF, TSDC, GlassTransition Temperature (Tg), Activation Energy ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Objective To establish experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) models of Wistar rats and observe the expression of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-l(sVCAM-1).Methods Guinea pig spinal cord homogenate(GPSCH) was prepared by two methods.The first method: the whole guinea pig spinal cord homogenate was produced from the animal without PBS perfusion.The second method: the homogenate was prepared from the animal after PBS perfusion via the left cardiac ventricle.The animal model was established in Wistar rats by immunization with complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) and GPSCH prepared by either of the two methods.Tissues samples of the brain and spinal cord were taken and paraffin sections were examined by histopathology.The expression of sVCAM-1 in animals was detected by sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Reslts The morbidity,clinical scores and expression of sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in the non-perfused group(P0.05).Conclusion An experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of Wistar rats can be successfully established with GPSCH prepared by non-perfusion method.The results of our study provided a useful and stable animal model for further studies on the pathogenesis and therapy of multiple sclerosis.


The development of new cell lines from unusual and non-pest species may provide important source for basic research and biotechnology application.In this study,three new insect cell lines designated as QB-Ms1-8,QB-Ms2-2,and QB-Ms2-7,respectively,were established from eggs of Manduca sexta.These cells were subcultured approximately 50 passages in TNM-FH medium at 28℃.The majority of cells of the lines generally are spindle-shaped.The population doubling time of QB-Ms1-8,QB-Ms2-2 and QB-Ms2-7 cells was 51,31 and 49 h,respectively.Although these lines were insusceptible to Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus(AcMNPV) with the infection rate of 33%-40% at 96 h post infection,QB-Ms2-2 cell line showed higher level of secreted SEAP production in comparison with BTI-Tn5B1-4 cell line.In this study,a SEAP high expression type cell line,QB-M2-2 was isolated from the three new cell lines established from M.sexta,which may provide a source for searching novel clones with higher production of recombinant proteins.


Field reversed plasmas have been observed to spin up and develop a destructive rotating m=2 instability. While the instability threshold has been reasonably well characterized, the cause of rotation remains obscure. Of the several mechanisms proposed, the following is treated; end shorting on open field lines spins up that portion of the plasma; viscous drag then spins up the plasma on closed field lines. Theoretical models are developed to describe these processes. The predicted behavior falls into three regimes. For low aspect ratio (≲2.8) the plasma is highly viscous, rotates as a rigid body, and spins up to instability in a few Alfven transit times. At intermediate aspect ratio (2.8 to 3.5) the plasma is weakly viscous; it reaches instability in the viscous transfer time which lengthens very rapidly for higher aspect ratio. At high aspect ratio (≳3.5 to 4) spin up is slower that the resistive decay of the plasma, and instability should not arise. Most recent experiments fall into the strongly viscous ...


This paper describes the effect of halogenic gettering during oxide passivation of commercial solar cell with the -P- structure. In order to study the effect of halogenic gettering on -P- structure mono-crystalline silicon solar cell, we performed conventional POCl diffusion for emitter formation and oxide passivation in the presence of HCl vapors. The -P- structure based silicon solar cells were found to have higher short circuit current and minority carrier lifetime. Their performance was also found to be superior than the conventional -P- structure based mono-crystalline silicon solar cell. The cell parameters of the -p- and -p- structure based cells, passivated by HCl assisted oxidation were measured. The improvement in was attributed to the effect of the increased diffusion length of minority carriers, which came from the halogenic gettering effect during the growth of passivating oxide. The presence of chlorine caused gettering of the cells by removing the heavy metals, if any. The other advantage of the presence of chlorine was the removal of the diffusion induced (in oxygen environment) stacking faults and line defects from the surfaces of the silicon wafers. All these effects caused the improvement of the minority carrier lifetime, which in-turn helped to improve the quality of the solar cells.


Objective:Increased home day-by-day variability of blood pressure (BP), independently from its average value, results in increased risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular events in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. However, the association between in-hospital day-by-day BP vari


According to the problems of out of control draft fan movable vane in practical use,combining with practical process dealing with these problems,the problems of DCS close Loop control application and maintance have been put forward.


Objective To investigate the effects of Tongguan capsule on prostatic cell proliferation in rat. Methods After being castrated for 7 days, the rats were randomly divided into different groups and were administrated with testosterone or finastende combined with Tongguan capsule.Rats were sacrificed at 30 days,and prostatic tissues in the same place of each prostate were obtained,and Ki-67 antigen was examined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Results Prostatic weights and volumes were far more decreased in each experimental group than that in testosterone group (P0.01) Expression of Ki-67 in Tongguan capsule large, medium, and low - dosage groups and finasteride group were significantly decreased than that in testosterone group (P0.0l)o It was also found that Ki - 67 was mainly expressed in nuclear of glandular epithelium,more than in glandular basal cells and interstitial tissues.Conclusion One effective mechanism of Tongguan capsule on benign prostatic hyperplasia may be its significant inhibition on Ki - 67 expression in prostatic tissues and inhibition of prostatic cell proliferation.


Tissue repair is one of the great current challenges in regenerative medicine and the mesenchymal stem cells MSCs are the answer to this need because of the multipotential, immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and paracrine effects. In the present work, we describe the technique of enzymatic isolation and in vitro culture of MSCs from a real sample of adipose tissue. This will respond to the need for a set of tools necessary in the clinical practice of therapy by stem cells, autotransplant and surgical in different medical specialties and in the field of research as a potential tool for studies of toxicity and in vitro medium lethal dose . It points out the importance that the topic can have for psychology, psychiatry and neurology.


Eye-tracking plays a crucial role in the development of virtual reality devices, neuroscience research, and psychology. Despite its significance in numerous applications, achieving an accurate, robust, and fast eye-tracking solution remains a considerable challenge for current state-of-the-art methods. While existing reflection-based techniques (e.g.,"glint tracking") are considered the most accurate, their performance is limited by their reliance on sparse 3D surface data acquired solely from the cornea surface. In this paper, we rethink the way how specular reflections can be used for eye tracking: We propose a novel method for accurate and fast evaluation of the gaze direction that exploits teachings from single-shot phase-measuring-deflectometry (PMD). In contrast to state-of-the-art reflection-based methods, our method acquires dense 3D surface information of both cornea and sclera within only one single camera frame (single-shot). Improvements in acquired reflection surface points("glints") of factors $>3300 \times$ are easily achievable. We show the feasibility of our approach with experimentally evaluated gaze errors of only $\leq 0.25^\circ$ demonstrating a significant improvement over the current state-of-the-art.


Summary I would say that the ultimate position holders of the D.V.A. find themselves in, is very largely dependent on the course of events over the next few years and in no small measure to their own endeavours. I feel that the holders of the D.V.A. should view this training period as one in which they have enlarged their own over all appreciation of the subject they have studied and have therefore, gained for themselves a material advantage over other members of the profession who have not in fact followed this line of study and that although there is a certain amount of despondency in the ranks of the veterinary anaesthetists at the moment, this should not be allowed to become an obstacle in the progressive development of this group.


To study the condition and the influencing factor in testing SOD in vegetable food ingredient by the way of Pyrogallol self-oxidation, and determine a rapid sample treatment method and testing system, which are of practical significance to make efficient use of vegetable food resources and to develop SOD functional food.


An improved compilation of magnetic and gravity data has been interpreted in conjunction with seismic reflection profiles to provide new information about the complex structure of the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Atlantic Canada. This region was affected by plate divergence and convergence events during the Grenville and Appalachian orogenies and the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. The Anticosti Basin, which developed as a foreland basin over the margin of Laurentia, is filled with a thick succession of Cambrian to Silurian sedimentary strata. Most of the interpreted magnetic and gravity anomalies have sources within the basement rocks, which is interpreted as Grenville crust beneath much of the study area. A V-shaped zone of lower amplitude gravity and magnetic anomalies in the center of the region is associated with a slight thickening of Cambrian to Middle Ordovician sedimentary rocks over a downthrown block of anorthositic Grenville crust, with a locally lower density and magnetization. Extensiona...


This paper examines the drivers of momentum in Canadian stocks. We find that momentum is negatively related to book-to-market and analyst coverage, whereas size appears to play no role in explaining the momentum effect. We further document that analyst coverage is more important than book-to-market in explaining momentum. In contrast to prior research, we find only partial support for the Fama and French (1998) book-to-market argument in that most of the continuation effect is explained by low book-to-market stocks.


Abstract Firms from different provinces in China and their different reactions to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are studied in this research. Initial results from 27.547 outward foreign direct investment (FDI) projects by Chinese firms between 2000 and 2015 regarding the home region profile, host country choice, and FDI motives of the investment firms before and in the early years of the launch of the BRI policy are investigated. The findings show that Chinese firms from eastern provinces that have accumulated a large quantity of inward FDI are more likely than firms from western provinces to switch their investments to BRI-involved countries and engage in a more diverse set of outward FDI motives. These findings help interpret the behavior of Chinese multinationals in the current (de)globalization era, namely using the BRI to circumvent FDI barriers imposed by advanced western economies.


Introduction: YouTube is a popular source of health care information for consumers. The use of "Dr" or "Doctor" in a channel name is a way contributors establish expertise. The current study sought to understand the degree by which popular YouTube channels belonging to individuals who self-identify as doctors disclose their credentials and the nature of their disclosures. Methods: Two raters extracted descriptive characteristics from the most viewed public YouTube channel names meeting keyword search criteria of "Doctor" and "Dr". Channel-level disclosure was captured by examining a channel's "About" section. Video-level disclosure was captured by watching the first 2 minutes of the five most viewed videos from each channel. Results: Forty-eight channels (45.7%; 48/105) disclosed degree, 60 channels (57.1%; 60/105) disclosed specialty, and 26 channels (24.8%; 26/105) disclosed the level of training. Two hundred thirty-six videos (46.6%; 236/506) disclosed degree, 201 videos (39.7%; 201/506) disclosed specialty, and 81 videos (16%; 81/506) disclosed the level of training. Discussion: Our findings suggest that the most viewed YouTube health channels and videos demonstrate inconsistent credential disclosure, occurring less than half of the time. Current professional guidance from licensing boards on social media encourages transparency around expertise and credential sharing. In addition, it remains unclear what guidance other health care professionals receive about disclosure practices online. Future recommendations and training to health care professionals should include explicit language for transparent disclosure of credentials.


A current integrator is described, covering the range from 10-/sup -2/ to 10/sup -7/ amp with an accuracy of 1%. The re liability and accuracy or the instrument is improved by using transistors and vacuum tube diodes instead of discharging relays, as well as by using transistors in the circuits that determine the charging and discharging levels of the charging condenser. (auth)


As most studies report that the majority of sexual homicide offenders (SHOs) prefer to kill with their own hands, research has largely neglected to examine the choice of weapon by these offenders. The US Supplementary Homicide Reports show that although a large number of SHOs murder their victim using personal weapons (e.g. bare hands and manual or ligature strangulation), the majority use an alternative weapon (e.g. edged weapons, contact weapons, and firearms). The present study hypothesises that the choice of weapon is in part influenced by victim characteristics. To identify specific combinations and interactions between victim characteristics and the choice of a personal or edged weapon during the commission of a sexual homicide, a combination of exhaustive chi-square automatic interaction detector and conjunctive analysis is used on a sample of 2,472 single-victim male SHOs from a 36-year period of Supplementary Homicide Report data (1976-2011). FINDINGS show that SHOs choose their weapon according to some victim characteristics. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of police suspect prioritisation. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


A typical example of the exploration method in mathematical physics methods is showed.The Hermite polynomials are obtained from the eigenvalue problem by means of plausible reasoning.This exploration method is helpful to the students to develop their creative ability.


A numerical model to analyze the internal conditions of a MCFC stack has been modified to estimate single electrode heating value. Magnitude of heat that evolves on the cathode and reabsorbed on the anode has similar order to an electrical output from MCFC. A temperature distribution in the electrolyte plate has been studied applying thermodynamics of irreversible process. Calculated temperature distribution has been compared with the temperature distribution without single electrode heat effect. Calculated absolute value of Thomson coefficient in the MCFC electrolyte plate has been evaluated to be lower than 0.1mV/K. Finally, temperature differences between cathode and anode have been estimated for the different thermal conductivity of electrolyte plate. The temperature difference between two electrodes are calculated to be small value under the normal operating condition of MCFC.


Telomeres are highly conserved DNA repeats at the end of the linear chromosomes.Their main function is to cap the chromosome ends and maintain chromosomal stability and genetic integrity.Telomere length will shorten with every cell division,and will lose the function of the protection of chromosome when shortened to a certain length,and ultimately lead to cell senescence.Researches show that telomere shortening also exists in the aging kidney and meanwhile plays an important role in kindney aging.


The magnetic properties of extraterrestrial materials, in particular natural remanent magnetization (NRM), is a potentially useful study for detecting ancient Solar System magnetic fields and for elucidating meteorite evolutionary processes. Results are presented for the following: howardites--Kapoeta, Petersburg, Le Teilleul, and EET 87503; eucrites--Sioux County and Millbillillie; and diogenites--Shalka and Johnstown. Significant features of their magnetism are within-sample in homogeneity of NRM directions in several of the meteorites and within-sample uniformity of axes of an isotropy of magnetic susceptibility. Both these phenomena bear on the meteorites' evolution and the timing of the magnetization process.


The soft processes in pp, pA and AA collisions are considered in the Monte Carlo model with color string formation and fusion. The elementary nucleon collisions in the model are performed on the partonic level without usual assumptions of Glauber picture. The particle production is described in string model taking into account the interaction of strings in transverse plane in the approach of string fusion. Energy dependence of total inelastic cross section and mean charged multiplicity in pp collisions and recent p-Pb data on multiplicity at 5.02 TeV are used for the parameters turning. The comparison with experiment of the dependence of multiplicity per participant on the centrality in PbPb collisions at 2.76 TeV shows that good agreement is obtained only when the string fusion effects are present with the radius of string 0.2-0.3 fm. The rapidity distribution of multiplicity in PbPb collisions is calculated and compared with experimental data.


An opto-electronic system for measuring transient carbon granules concentration and flame temperature at local positions within cylinders of diesel engine is developed by means of granules diffraction principle. The system uses a kind of bifurcated optic fiber rather than a set of complicated beam-splitting elements. The actual measurements for the cylinders of a diesel engine have been carried out with the measuring system and the obtained data have been analyzed. The results show that flame temperature and carbon granules concentration at concave positions of pistons are quite high, but in convex positions of the pistons they have a large circulated variation.


Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a high-risk dementia condition which progresses to probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) at approximately 10% to 15% per year. Characterization of group-level differences between two subtypes of MCI – stable MCI (sMCI) and progressive MCI (pMCI) is the key step to understand the mechanisms of MCI progression and enable possible delay of transition from MCI to AD. Functional connectivity (FC) is considered as a promising way to study MCI progression since which may show alterations even in preclinical stages and provide substrates for AD progression. However, the representative FC patterns during AD development for different clinical groups, especially for sMCI and pMCI, have been understudied. In this work, we integrated autoencoder and multi-class classification into a single deep model and successfully learned a set of clinical group related feature vectors. Specifically, we trained two non-linear mappings which realized the mutual transformations between the original FC space and the feature space. By mapping the learned clinical group related feature vectors to the original FC space, representative FCs were constructed for each group. Moreover, based on these feature vectors, our model achieves a high classification accuracy – 68% for multi-class classification (NC vs SMC vs sMCI vs pMCI vs AD). Code has been released1.


Americans and Hindu Indians evaluated hypothetical situations in which helping was performed in response to prior reciprocity, in response to a monetary payment, or spontaneously. Reciprocity considerations increase the number of Indians viewing helping in moral terms but had no effect on moral judgment among Americans. Americans judged that helping is less endogenously motivated when undertaken in response to the norm of reciprocity than when spontaneous, whereas Indians viewed helping as equally endogenously motivated in those two cases. Results imply that interpersonal reciprocity is invested with a deontological moral status rather than viewed in purely utilitarian terms in cultures emphasizing interdependent, as contrasted with independent, views of the self: The findings also suggest that less of a dichotomy is drawn between communal and exchange relationships and between endogenous motivation and normative conformity in the former type of culture.


The purpose of the study is to determine what degree of relationship exists between factors of mental hygiene and of reading achievement of the first-grade child.


3 DEDICATION 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9 LIST OF FIGURES 10 LIST OF TABLES 11 1.0 INTRODUCTION 12 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Shape of the lingula 14 2.2 Location of the lingula 15 2.3 The significance of the lingula in SSRO 17 2.3.1 Unfavourable fractures 18 2.3.2 Inferior alveolar nerve injury 20 2.3.3 Haemorrhage 21 3.0 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 24 3.1 Aim 24 3.2 Objectives 24 4.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 25 4.1 Study setting 25


In multivariate nonparametric analysis, sparseness of the covariates also called curse of dimensionality, forces one to use large smoothing parameters. This leads to biased smoothers. Instead of focusing on optimally selecting the smoothing parameter, we fix it to some reasonably large value to ensure an over-smoothing of the data. The resulting smoother has a small variance but a substantial bias. In this paper, we propose to iteratively correct the bias initial estimator by an estimate of the latter obtained by smoothing the residuals. We examine in detail the convergence of the iterated procedure for classical smoothers and relate our procedure to L{sub 2}-Boosting. We apply our method to simulated and real data and show that our method compares favorably with existing procedures.