36 The Hearing Journal January 2018 O f the 360 million people worldwide with disabling hearing loss (WHO, 2014), many do not have access to adequate audiologic examinations or treatment. To meet the hearing health care needs of these populations, more audiologists will be needed to provide hearing services through teleaudiology. In addition, audiologists frequently travel to remote locations to attend to rural communities or to those who may live in urban areas but lack readilyavailable access to audiological care. Such services may be provided in community clinics, educational settings, retirement or nursing homes, or within homehealth settings. While audiologic test equipment is often available in the delivery of such services, the luxury of an audiometric sound-treated booth is frequently not. Neither supra-aural earphones nor insert earphones are made to sufficiently attenuate background acoustic interference when testing outside of a sound-treated enclosure. However, a recent study by Clark, et. al., looked to see if the use of noise-canceling earphones can, within controlled environments, create audiometric testing conditions consistent with the permissible ambient noise level standards for audiometric test rooms set by the American Standards Institute (Int J Audiol. 2017;56[12]:989). Further more, the study assessed if there were any adverse effects on bone-conduction testing through any potential increase in the occlusion effect when noise-canceling earphones are placed over an insert earphone used for contralateral masking. The study was conducted using the Bose QuietComfort 15 circumaural earphones designed to passively reduce unwanted noise through the earphone itself along with an electronically-generated signal that is 180 degrees out of phase relative to incoming sounds. An Audioscan Verifit (model VF-1) probe-microphone system was used to measure the sound pressure level in the ear canal close to the tympanic membrane with and without noise-canceling earphones in place. One-third octave band sound pressure level measures were then obtained within a typical clinic office room with no acoustic treatment. Sound reduction levels of the noise-canceling earphones were subtracted from room noise levels and compared with ANSI-allowable ambient noise levels (ANSI, 1999). Twenty participants, recruited in accordance with methods approved by the University of Cincinnati Institutional Review Board, were tested to determine the influence of noise-cancelation earphones on the occlusion effect during bone-conduction testing. Forehead placement was necessary in bone-conduction testing to ensure that the placement of the noise-canceling earphones do not dampen the vibrations of the bone-conduction oscillator. It should be noted that when testing with a forehead placement, a greater intensity is required to stimulate the cochlea, thereby necessitating proper calibration for forehead placement or judicious use of correction factors. Out-of-Booth Testing with Noise-canceling Earphones


28 JPT • AUGUST 2013 Extreme downhole conditions pose a challenge to formation testing. Acquisition of accurate reservoir pressure data and high-quality formation fluid samples has proved difficult in cases of low reservoir permeability, extremely viscous crude oil, or unconsolidated formations with poor borehole conditions. Operators have often considered these wells untestable. When testing is possible, it is frequently time consuming and costly with the need to set and cement pipe, shoot perforations, and bring in coiled tubing to run the test. Even then, formation pressure estimates on such wells are frequently inaccurate. However, a new tool has proved able to extend formation testing parameters to extreme formation and borehole conditions. The Saturn 3D radial probe (Fig. 1) developed by Schlumberger is a complementary module to the Modular Formation Dynamics Tester tool. The probe is capable of performing accurate pressure tests in fluid mobilities as low as 0.01 md/cp, and obtaining highquality fluid samples in mobilities lower than 1 md/cp. In Mexico, a friable sandstone reservoir containing 7.5 °API crude oil in extremely unconsolidated formations was successfully sampled by the 3D radial tool in a very rugose borehole with 12% ovality. The data collected would have been unobtainable with previous test assemblies and was critical for a subsequent thermal recovery design. Despite the difficult conditions, the new tool was able to conform to borehole irregularities to achieve and maintain a reliable hydraulic seal.


Educational administrator preparation programs have received criticism for inadequate program quality. Despite these criticisms, there are a number of programs and features of programs that are both innovative and exceptional. This article reviews standards of practice and examples of strong preparation programs for school and district administrators. Common to all of the programs is a clear vision that drives programmatic decisions and provides students with opportunities to connect to the knowledge base through carefully designed field experiences integrated into the academic program.


This paper briefly analysis the reasons that cause the dosage of scaling and corrosion inhibitors be on the high side,and introduces the mechanism of the auto dosing vehicle. Fluctuation of inhibitors consistency and manual dosing are the main reasons. Automatic controlling is the effective assurance on the condition of high concentration factor. Monitor the fluctuation of water quality and dose in time. The goal of saving inhibitors can be achieved by the means of saving water.


The Fragility of Goodness is an important book. Throughout this massive work, whose three major divisions concern tragedy, Plato, and Aristotle, Martha Nussbaum explores one central question: to what extent is a good human life vulnerable to the contingencies of the external (and internal) world? Correspondingly, to what extent can human reason protect life from the vulnerability brought upon it by such contingency? Nussbaum's work has much to commend it. She shows, first and foremost, how classical Greek texts can be as powerfully informative of our lives today as ever before. Her book is a model o f how these texts can be extracted from the hands of the specialist and made accessible to the general reader without loss of scholarly rigor. Her work should thus invigorate each of the three major subjects she treats. More specifically, Nussbaum demonstrates the significance of classical tragedy for ethical thought. Through her reading of the Agamemnon, Antigone, and Hecuba, she carefully shows that the vision o f a tragic world is a coherent one rich in philosophical significance. She forces us to ask whether, almost paradoxically, we might not find in our tragic vulnerability to a world beyond our rational control the true source of human beauty and goodness. Nussbaum is superb on Artistotle. By this I do not mean she is simply helpful as she reads texts such as the Poetics..Helpful here she surely is; but her real achievement is to reveal more comprehensively what kind of thinker Aristotle is. For Nussbaum, he is the exquisitely sensitive observer, and protector, of appearances. He is the ultimate phenomenologist, a "professional human being" (~6 l) who can "show us the way back to the ordinary a n d . . , make it an object of interest and pleasure" (~6o). Her commentary here is informed by love; she reads Aristotle as a living teacher, and not simply as the venerable inventor of logic. The Fragility of Goodness has a straightforward thesis. Greek tragedy discloses a conception of human life as vulnerable, necessarily precarious, and beautiful. It is a conception Nussbaum thinks is probably true. In his early and middle dialogues Plato attacks the tragic view. He proposes a practical techn~, a systematic mode of knowledge which would eliminate from life the ravages of tych~ (chance), the passions, and the body. In his later works, chiefly the Phaedrus, Plato modifies this theoretical optimism. Nevertheless, throughout her book Nussbaum refers to the Platonic view as her, and tragedy's, opponent. In contrast, Aristotle affirms tragedy. He "gives it a place o f


Author: Andreas Sichwardt
Tutor: Peter Berling
Examiner: Helena Forslund
Title: CO2 Allocation in Road Transportation for Alwex Transport AB – A comparison of mathematical frameworks
Background: Gl ...


Background: An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is usually used for the treatment of low back pain with radiculopathy. An ESI can be performed by two procedures: I) a lumbar or caudal epidural steroid injection and II) a transforaminal epidural steroid injection. Methods: Ninety-three patients, who had undergone transforaminal epidural steroid injection (Group II), and either a lumbar or caudal epidural steroid injection (Group I), were retrospectively studied. The authors assessed the pain, walking, standing improvement and side effects after each procedure, which were evaluated as being very good, good, fair or poor. Data were collected from the patients medical records and analyzed using the chi-squared test. P


The generalized quantum group of type $A$ is an affine analogue of quantum group associated to a general linear Lie superalgebra, which appears in the study of solutions to the tetrahedron equation or the three-dimensional Yang-Baxter equation. In this paper, we develop the crystal base theory for finite-dimensional representations of generalized quantum group of type $A$. As a main result, we construct Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, that is, a family of irreducible modules which have crystal bases. We also give an explicit combinatorial description of the crystal structure of Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, the combinatorial $R$ matrix, and energy function on their tensor products.


The phenanthrylethanols 2a‐d were obtained by reduction of the acetyl derivatives 1a‐d and converted, through the phenanthrylethyl halides 3a‐d and 4b, into the nitriles 5a‐d, whose acid hydrolysis afforded the acids of the title, 6a‐d. The antiinflammatory activity of these acids was measured on the carrageenin‐induced edema and found as 1/3 (6a), 1/43 (6b), 1/5 (6c), and 1/7 (6d) of that of fenbufen.


We develop a new framework of algebraic theories with linear parameters, and use it to analyze the equational reasoning principles of quantum computing and quantum programming languages. We use the framework as follows: we present a new elementary algebraic theory of quantum computation, built from unitary gates and measurement; we provide a completeness theorem or the elementary algebraic theory by relating it with a model from operator algebra; we extract an equational theory for a quantum programming language from the algebraic theory; we compare quantum computation with other local notions of computation by investigating variations on the algebraic theory.


The goal of this work is the study of mechanical behavior and ferrule deformability under the heat effect, for a cement plant's rotary kiln. This study is within the scope of preventive maintenance for these kilns more specification precisely. It's about the finite element model validation, which simulates the kiln's elastoplastic behavior. This work is based on the case study of a cement plant's rotary kiln of a Moroccan industrial group. First, we take experimental measurements for the kiln distortions in the presence of heat. The, we use the numerical finite element method to simulate the ferrule and the refractory wall, this simulation is obtained by the use the of commercial software PATRAN-NASTRAN. Finally For a better reality approach of the kiln behavior, our finite element method results are compared with those obtained by the experimental tests.


The present invention further reduces the peak index of the shin. Shin liner of the invention (10) includes: the right foot placing portion (16) which has a right horizontal portion (16A) and right inclined portions (16B), wherein the right horizontal portion (16A) is horizontally formed and which is placed on the heel of the right foot of the occupant, the right inclined portion (16B) is formed in the right side of the vehicle front horizontal portion (16A) of the side and the front of the vehicle tends to as the side on the side of the vehicle tends manner inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle; pair of groove portions (24) which is formed to extend along the vehicle longitudinal direction and arranged side by side in the vehicle width direction in a manner the right foot placing portion (16) at least the bottom surface of the right horizontal portion (16A); a step portion (26C), which is formed on the right side of the horizontal portion (16A) between the right inclined portion (16B) and a transition portion (16D), and are located at the right side is formed between the horizontal portion (16A) and right inclined portions (16B) on the rear side of the rib (. 26A) and the front side of the rib (26B).


Through the observation and investigation on the production about the growing seedlings of Acacia confuse Merr.in sowing,the paper discussed the treatment measures on the seed treatment,cultivation of bare root seedling and nutrition bag seedling,seedling management,prevention and control of the diseases and the pests,outplanting.The problems existing in seedling were discussed too.


The adult fecundity,egg hatchibility and nymph development of N.muiri China and N.bakeri(Muir),two sibling species of Nilaparvata lugens(Stl) were studied on several common gramineous crops or weeds by using the cage method in laboratory.The results indicated that the suitable hosts of N.muiri and N.bakeri were Leersia hexandra Swart and Leersia sayanuka Ohwi which are different from N.lugens whose suitable host was Oryza sativa.Both N.muiri and N.bakeri could complete their life cycle on rice but could not continue to propagate because the population trend indexes were only 0.2 and 0.02,respectively.The fecundity of N.lugens was significantly higher than N.muiri and N.bakeri.The highest population trend indexes of the three Nilaparvata species were 333.82 of N.lugens on rice,82.06 of N.muiri on L.hexandra and 39.28 of N.bakeri on L.sayanuka,respectively.


According to the CAT type ZF32 current enlarging valve's work principle,the valve to function test item and method was studied.The hydraulics diagram of test to experiment was designed.The results show discharge valve enlarges characteristic basic the more obvious line regulation variety, and left, turn to the right to basic consistent. The entrance pressure of the discharge enlarger with load but change, but enlarge the characteristic not obvious variety because the pressure variety, the discharge enlarger compares in enlarging the characteristic better pressure stability.


A field trial on testing of biocontrol based integrated pest management (IPM) module on cotton crop was conducted during three Kharif seasons 1999-2001. Results revealed that both the IPM modules (T1 and T2) proved more effective and economical against cotton pests than the insecticides modules in North Gujarat. These modules have also promoted the activity of natural enemies in cotton ecosystem.


Neonatal resuscitation has developed significantly during the last century. Former practices such as the use of respiratory stimulant drops, intragastric and hyperbaric oxygen now seem strange and illustrate the importance of continued research and audit of current practice to ensure that modern resuscitation methods are safe, effective and achieve optimal outcomes. The formation of the European Resuscitation Council in 1989 and the neonatal sub-committee has provided a standardised framework for resuscitation of neonates. With continued research and training updates the latest evidence-based practice can be adopted by all professionals involved in neonatal resuscitation. For individual centres the setting for delivery of services may vary greatly and careful thought and planning is required to ensure availability or access to appropriate equipment, training and supportive or specialised care. Clearly excellent communication, teamwork and planning across all centres are key to providing a seamless service within a region. This paper details the current resuscitation services provided by a large tertiary neonatal unit working within the Northern Neonatal Network. The aim is to highlight areas of good practice, share practical solutions and review plans for continued evaluation and development of neonatal resuscitation within the unit and wider network. In doing so the purpose is to stimulate discussion, share practical solutions to problems faced and highlight good practice and key areas for future development both locally and nationally. Neonatal resuscitation – a practical approach. The experience of one UK tertiary neonatal unit


This paper addresses a sustainable manufacturing system, i.e. a manufacturing system on which we try to minimize all economical costs while minimizing environmental impacts and improving workforce welfare. Indeed, on one hand, this system emits pollutants and greenhouse gases during its manufacturing process. On the other hand, the social dimension i.e. the human workforce and its working conditions are also discussed and considered because of the direct and indirect costs associated. A hedging point policy is then applied and adapted to this manufacturing system by using fuzzy logic to ensure sustainability. So, a fuzzy hedging point is defined to take into account pollutant emissions and human factors in order to minimize global costs.


Although industrial raw materials contribute to the country's economy, it brings many occupational health problems during the process and usage. In addition, all these negativities decrease labor productivity and puts high costs on businesses to combat occupational safety. Some of the occupational diseases caused by industrial raw materials have a negative effect on the health of people through respiration. It is known that many industrial raw materials produced unconsciously in the past from asbestos to mercury damage human health. It is determined that some occupational diseases occur after years. In this study, adverse effects of industrial raw materials on human health and required safety measures are discussed in Turkey. For this purpose, industrial raw materials in the Cappadocia region, which has important industrial raw material types and reserves in Turkey, is the subject of this study. In the Cappadocia region, industrial raw materials used in industry having negative effects on human health and solution ways were discussed in detail and their results have been revealed.


On an asymptotically flat manifold $M^n$ with nonnegative scalar curvature, with outer minimizing boundary $\Sigma$, we prove a Penrose-like inequality in dimensions $ n < 8$, under suitable assumptions on the mean curvature and the scalar curvature of $ \Sigma$.


Abstract : During the second year of funding under this grant substantial progress has been made in the area of optical flow computations. Following a detailed survey of optical methods for a specially designed set of target tracking problems, a new iterative refinement procedure was developed that compensates for errors in the estimated flow velocity induced by finite difference approximations of spatial and temporal image derivatives. When coupled with a total least squares (TLS) solution scheme (as opposed to a more standard least squares method) and an aggregate velocity assignment for distant targets, this approach yields very accurate flow estimates at a fraction of the computational cost of competing methods. This approach has the pleasant feature that it admits a simple convergence analysis showing that temporal and spatial smoothing improves the iterative convergence for the special case of convective flow. This work has recently been supplemented with a "size band limited" image process- ing filter based on partial differential operators; this approach has the advantage that it is considerably simpler than a similar scheme based on morphilogical set filters. The publications list is followed by a short narrative section that describes the research that has been done so far under this grant and our plans for the coming year.


The paper proposes a hardware-software complex for generating functional tests for the equipment Advantest V93000, AEHR MAX3B, etc., working on the basis of the original software and the original language for the description of functional test algorithms. This language is based on the application programming language, and the hardware description language allows describing the logical circuit, the conclusions of the test device, the temporal characteristics of signals and state machines. The testing algorithm is described by instructions, similar to the high-level language such as STeeL. The combination of the hardware description language and the high-level programming language makes the development process of functional tests more flexible and understandable. Describing the interaction of functional blocks, the developer operates the instructions that describe conductors, finite state machines, signals, logic gates, and signal levels. When describing the algorithm, the developer operates the application instructions, variables, loops, functions, and conditions. From the point of view of the developer of the algorithm, work with the signals and circuit elements is comparable to a variable high-level programming language. The language allows working with designed tests, objects and IP blocks, developing own functional components allowing their re-use and developing cross-platform functional tests (tests that can be run in other hardware). The language allows combining different tests that test different interfaces in a single test with an opportunity for a parallel test and splitting functional tests into many tests in the case if the number of channels of the testing equipment is less than the number of signal pins. Moreover, there is a possibility to perform the post-processing of test tables with the opportunity to perform complex replacements or generate state signals depending on the state of the other. An important instrument for developing the environment is a debugger that allows improving the algorithms and analysing the status signals connected to the test chip. In addition, the developed IP blocks can be used for diagnostics and periodic certification of measuring equipment.


In this work, we propose an infrared visual inertial odometry (VIO) algorithm for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for both daytime and nighttime. It utilizes images from a single downward-looking thermal camera, and uses a laser scanner to measure relative distance to determine the scale factor. The scale recovery process consists of a comprehensive logic flow to try out measurements into a homography decomposition with a multi-plane constraint, obtaining the results with minimum error, making the algorithm more robust. Moreover, other modifications, such as keyframe idea and pruning KLT tracker with sub-regions further improves the performance. Besides, the results are fused with an on-board IMU through an EKF-based sensor fusion framework. This infrared visual inertial odometry algorithm can still navigate UAVs during the missions when GPS is down or not reliable or under poor illumination condition.


Doppler frequency shift at microwave frequencies can be used to determine the velocity of a moving plasma. A reflected signal mixed with the signal of the original frequency ytelds a changing standing wave pattern from which the velocity can be calculated. A method is described where the actual Doppler frequency shift of the reflected signal is measured by means of a frequency discriminator. From the actual shift not only the magnitude of the velocity but also the direction of motion can be deduced. (auth)


There are few reports of the outcome of pregnancies exposed to gold in utero. We report an abnormal babe resulting from a pregnancy inadvertently exposed to gold.


Forest cover is an important component of the landscape and is responsible for the conservation of other components. Forests of the Podolian Upland are distinguished by a high natural resource potential and a significant risk of manifestation of unfavorable natural processes. The aim of our research is to study the forest cover of Podilski Tovtry and analyze the dynamics of its changes for the period from 1880 to the present. Forestry nature management in Tovtry is second only to agriculture in terms of the area of occupied land. Forests of the reef zone and adjacent territories within the Ternopil oblast are part of the Ternopil forestry enterprise and the Medobory Nature Reserve. Within the study area, forests of a relatively large area are confined to the summit surface and slopes of the main ridge. Our research has established that in the period from 1880 to 1930, there was a significant decrease in forest cover practically throughout the entire study area, which is associated with both the need for firewood and agrarian overpopulation and the desire to expand the arable land. A direct relationship was found between the decrease in forest cover and the approach to villages and hamlets. After the Second World War and until the present, there have been no significant changes in forest cover. In some areas, even an increase in forested areas was found. Active forest expansion was observed at the beginning of the two thousandth years amid a decline in agricultural production.


The perdurability is a subject of investigation on the part of the academy of the administration, result of an investigation in different strategic sectors in Colombia concludes that lasting it is that company that through the time presents superior financial results, adapts his handling to the intensity of the forces of the market, it focuses in operated spaces and it productively does not do a study detailed of his competitors, designing and executing the value chain. It's also that that obtains conductive performances to morbiles states that make difficult their profitable growth and that can arrive at "tanaticos" states. Paper presents the denominated pathology strategic convergence: situation in which a group of companies to the interior of a strategic sector develops to similar activities and similar strategic reflections, taking to the sector to processes of morbidity or to a perdurable based on mediocre financial results. If it wishes to obtain greater data as to make an analysis in a strategic sector it consults to Restrepo (2004) and Restrepo and Rivera (2005).


THOSE who knew Werner Peukert and his work were shocked and saddened by the news of his suicide in 1978; the full extent of the loss to African studies is apparent from his thesis on the Atlantic slave trade of Dahomey, published under the title Der atlantische Sklavenhandel von Dahomey, I1750-1797 (Wiesbaden, Steiner-Verlag, 1978). It had been hoped to publish in the Journal of African History a shortened English version of an article covering some of the main points of the thesis, but this was uncompleted at the time of his death. Werner Peukert was born in what is now Czechoslovakia in I942, the son of a Professor of Slavonic Languages. He studied at the Institute of Ethnology at the Karl-Marx University in Leipzig, and later worked at the Humboldt University in East Berlin; in 1970 he emigrated to West Germany, and worked as scientific assistant at the Institute of Ethnology of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt-am-Main, completing his PhD Dissertation in I975. He combined with his ethnographic discipline an understanding of the use of quantitative methods in economic history, on which he wrote an important article in Paideuma in I976. Peukert was therefore uniquely qualified to undertake an interdisciplinary study, drawing on the insights of the Eastern European as well as the Western traditions of anthropology and economic history. He himself contrasts the 'misuse' of the social sciences and the hindering of relevant research in the interests of 'the ruling elite in the eastern totalitarian system' with the opposition to all general theories and their application in the Western democratic sphere; he hoped to combine the theoretical approach of the social sciences with the exact and quantitative methods of modern economic history. In addition, he believed that his methods and theoretical approach could be applied to the creation of a general theory of anthropology. Peukert's starting-point for his study of eighteenth-century Dahomey is the work of Polanyi, which doubtless appealed to him on account of its strong theoretical basis. In his summary he confesses that he began the investigation in the hope of demonstrating 'with socio-economic exactitude' one of the principal components of Polanyi's theory, the 'Atlantic theory' according to which the main determinant of Dahomey's political and social structure derived from the Atlantic slave trade. He also draws attention to the extent to which Polanyi's interpretations of Dahomey have been taken over by others, including many who do not accept his general theoretical reconstruction. Inevitably, Peukert's book begins with a discussion of Polanyi's 'substantivist' theory, of which he regarded Dahomey as the prime example. Polanyi's theory, according to Peukert, stands or falls by the closeness to reality of his assertions about Dahomey. Peukert found (evidently to his own surprise) that none of the familiar aspects of Polanyi's Dahomey were true, at least for the period covered by his study ( 740-97); there was no royal monopoly of the slave trade, except for a brief period; no 'status traders' working exclusively for the king without thought of gain; no 'administered trade' with set prices; no neutral port of trade in the sense used by Polanyi. Slaves were obtained mainly by trade, not by slave-raiding campaigns; though there was a royal monopoly on the import of guns, they were few in number,


1. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The introduction of information technology(IT), especially enterprise systems such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, is a common way of implementing organizational change today(see Markus, 2004). Such enterprise system implementations frequently comes with new software systems and business processes that substantially alter workflow and jobs(Boudreau and Robey, 2005; Markus and Tanis, 2000; Soh and Sia, 2005). While the annual investment of several billion dollars in ERP systems is staggering, estimates indicate that more than half of all implemented systems fail(Soh and Sia, 2004, 2005) and such failures have been observed even in highly successful organizations, such as Hershey and Nike(Koch, 2002, 2004). Organizations that successfully implement ERP systems, including new software and business processes, have reported enormous benefits, such as greater efficiency and effectiveness at the individual employee and organizational levels. One of the primary causes of failure is the inability of managers to effectively manage the change process(Cohen, 2005; Markus, 2004). Managers frequently fail to consider the organizational environment and culture relying, instead, on success stories of organizations like Cisco that used a big-bang strategy, an implementation strategy in which all modules of an ERP system are implemented simultaneously and in a short period time, to manage their own change. The result can be catastrophic for firms, with consequences up to and including going out of business as a result of a failed ERP implementation(e.g., Rich-Con Steel). Given this backdrop, it is important to teach diverse aspects of ERP implementations to make today's information systems and business management curricula relevant to organizational practice(see Antonucci et al., 2004; Johnson et al., 2004; Strong, Johnson, and Mistry, 2004). Yet, the effective integration of ERP related knowledge into curricula continues to be a challenge(Hawking, McCarthy, and Stein, 2004; Fedorowicz et al., 2004), with some suggesting that relevant knowledge should be imparted in a wide range of classes(Grenci and Hull, 2004). Of the many areas related to ERP systems, the ability of students to understand that different strategies of ERP implementation may be necessary in different scenarios is an important one, especially for those who may go on to manage such implementations. A "one-size-does-not-fit-all" argument when it comes to ERP implementation strategies is frequently made in the popular press(see Jacobs and Whybark, 2000). Yet, mistakes and failures continue at an alarming rate. Sorely needed is a teaching approach that can open the eyes of managers, present and future, to the different strategies to ERP success, and when a particular strategy is appropriate. I discuss my teaching approach wherein I combine and discuss three cases in 2 1/4 hours of class time. The cases are from Cisco, Tektronix, and Harley-Davidson, companies that faced the need to implement ERP systems but went about it in very different ways. The use of cases for ERP education is particularly important(see Seethamraju, 2007). Each student is assigned to read only one of the three cases, lessening the total workload, but the students understand the differences in approaches and successes of ERP implementations related to all three cases. 2. OVERVIEW OF THE THREE CASES The three ERP cases that I assign are: Cisco, Tektronix, and Harley-Davidson, with the following Harvard Business School case numbers: 9-301-099, 9-699-043, and 9-600-006. While Cisco used a big-bang approach to the implementation, Tektronix primarily used a waves(or phased) strategy, in which modules of an ERP system were implemented one after another, whereas Harley-Davidson was highly circumspect and cautious and the case discusses only their selection strategy that took over 2 years just to narrow down the potential set of vendors. …


Abstract The idea that the capacity of the state is under strain has hardly ever received as much attention as in contemporary debates. Different voices denounce its crisis and advocate the establishment of supranational institutions with legally coercive power to address political problems of global reach, such as human rights violations, international crimes, and transnational socioeconomic justice. It is tempting to jump to the conclusion that these voices are concerned with the same cluster of problems. We think that one should resist this temptation. Firstly, not all the problems pointed out by the advocates of supranational sovereign institutions are of the same kind. Some concern the need to limit the power of states, whereas others address the almost opposite necessity to support their problem-solving capacity through forms of international regulation. Secondly, the corresponding solutions are different. In particular, although they may all imply the establishment of supranational institutions, not all such institutions need be global. The paper analyses these two differences through a comparison between international criminal justice and global socio-economic justice.


Today, one of the main global challenges is how to ensure food security for a growing world population. Globally, India is the second most populated country after china, in order to feed the extraneous population the concern towards food safety, security and quality, increasing day by day from producer to consumer aiming to do hunger free country. Agriculture is mainly depending on climate and the farmers are facing hectic constraints from farm to till it reached to fork. Post-harvest losses of food grains in India are 7-10 per cent of the total production and the losses in storage is mainly due to insect pests associated with grains in order solve the problem the techniques which are more prevalently in use are heat treatment and fumigation with chemicals but there are only few available fumigants. In addition, there are environmental concerns and low level of resistance to phosphine exists in stored grain insects. This leading to affect the grain quality and increases insecticide residues resulting difficulties in the long run. The permanent solution to solve the many problems by exposure of relevant development stages of major stored grain insects to high concentrations of carbon dioxide around (98%) for short intervals (5-20 minutes) produce maximum mortality. Thereafter, work is concentrating on modified atmosphere and hermetic storage.


SUMMARY SanchezAS,TorresHP-AnestheticBlockstoTreatCancerPain BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Anesthesiologists havetraditionally developed and mastered regional anesthetic tech-niques over the years. To help treating chronic pain, they needto transfer acquired know-how in addition to surgical indica-tions, recommending procedures at the right time in amultidisciplinaryapproach.Thisresearchaimedatshowingan-esthesiologiststhatforanestheticblockstobeusefulandeffec-tive in treating chronic cancer pain, they have to be indicated ina timely manner, as part of a systemic approach where theyneed to play an active role. CONTENTS: WHOguidelinesprovideadequatepaincontroltomost patients with advanced cancer disease. Its first threestepsconfirmtheefficacyofthisapproach,withalowincidenceof complications. There are however patients who experienceundesirable side effects of systemic opioids, and the presenceof bone metastases and neuropathies may determine noxiouseffects on those patients. Invasive techniques are seldom indi-cated, but they may provide analgesia in the treatment ofopioid-resistant pain when adequately indicated.


A new species ofPicramnia (Picramniaceae) is described, illustrated, and compared to related Amazonian species. The new species,Picramnia coccinea, is known only from three localities in three adjacent municipalities near Ilhéus, Bahia, and constitutes another example of endemism in the southern Bahian flora.


Rectal carcinoma is rare in young patients under twenty years of age, consisting of only 1% of colorectal carcinomas at all ages [1,2]. Abdominoperineal resection is known to cause sexual dysfunction and reduced quality of life. We report a case of successful pregnancy and more than ten years of disease free survival following abdominoperineal resection for rectal carcinoma in a teenage female. The Sri Lanka Journal of Surgery 2012; 30(2):24 http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljs.v30i2.5179


This study firstly examines the current literature concerning ERP implementation problems during implementation phases and causes of ERP implementation failure. A multiple case study research methodology was adopted to understand "why" and "how" these ERP systems could not be implemented successfully. Different stakeholders (including top management, project manager, project team members and ERP consultants) from these case studies were interviewed, and EPP implementation documents were reviewed for triangulation. An ERP life cycle framework was applied to study the ERP implementation process and the associated problems in each phase of ERP implementation. Fourteen critical failure factors were identified and analyzed, and three common critical failure factors (poor consultant effectiveness, project management effectiveness and poo555ir quality of business process re-engineering) were examined and discussed Future research on ERP implementation and critical failure factors is discussed It is hoped that this research will help to bridge the current literature gap and provide practical advice for both academics and practitioners.


Unselected coagulation testing is less evidenced based in assessing bleeding risk, prior to surgery. This not only delays surgery inappropriately but also causes unnecessary concern in patients who are found to have 'abnormal' tests. In addition, it is associated with a significant cost. Patients with a negative bleeding history do not require routine coagulation screening prior to surgery. Patients undergoing surgery should have a screening bleeding history taken. This should include structured detailed history, personal and family history, previous surgery and trauma, and detail of anti-thrombotic medication. Based on a detailed history, a few selected tests should be undertaken. In addition, liaise with the haematologist in the presence of positive bleeding history, significant comorbidities, and when high risk surgery is planned.


Wildlife Vets International provide support to many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) around the world with many species. The requirements for each species and project are different, but they are linked by the need to assess and if possible address all elements that will allow wound healing to occur. Sea turtles are a highly charismatic species and face many threats in the wild. Veterinary care of sea turtles needs to be optimal and carried out in a timely manner. Providing correct husbandry is essential for the healing of all reptile wounds, including sea turtles. It is important to remember we are nursing an intelligent, exothermic, ureotelic species, with a requirement for UV light, which is likely to be experiencing significant stress which we need to try and mitigate. Veterinary nurses are well placed to assist in assessing all these factors, documenting these assessments, creating care plans/bundles and, of course, carrying out the wound management itself. Dealing with the wound healing of wild animals is very challenging and complicated. A dynamic and holistic approach is essential, although sometimes overlooked, and every effort must be made to reduce treatment times. This will both improve welfare while under veterinary care, and will hopefully allow a timely return to the wild. New wound management products are becoming available all the time, and it is important that veterinary professionals are always looking for how they can use these in their wild animal patients, as well as always questioning why they use the materials they use.


The article looks into an acute problem – the problem of introducing into the process of teaching a foreign language the results of modern semiotic research. The author gives examp;es of additional semiotic function that some names, e.g. English dress names, can perform in fiction. Besides semiotically marked situations and objects the author pays much attention to the process of inference and the role of the observer in this process.


The transition period, a critical determinant of productivity and profitability in dairy farming, allows the animal to enter from a pregnant non-lactating to lactating nonpregnant state. The period is also accompanied with several physiological and biochemical changes exerting stress to animals and thus making them more susceptible to various metabolic and infectious diseases (Goff and Horst, 1997; Mallard et al., 1998) resulting in monetary losses to dairy farmers. Besides, the characterized negative energy balance is associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders like Ketosis, retention of placenta and Downer cow syndrome after calving, thus reducing the milk production. Dairy animals are unique in their behavior of adaptation to the negative energy balance caused due to the homeorrhetic partition of energy for International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 7 (2017) pp. 2641-2647 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


It discloses a device bearing assembly axially pushed in and pulled out of the mounting position of the rollers of the neck in a rolling mill. The tool includes a piston surrounded by a cylinder. The piston is removably fixed to the roll neck, and constructed to be fluid cylinder portion into first and second chambers. It is provided with a fluid conduit, such that a pressurized chamber first and second chamber, such that a first direction and a second direction along the cylinder with respect to the thus fixed piston. A hydraulic cylinder moving in a first direction of the bearing assembly is pushed into its installed position, the hydraulic cylinders move in opposite direction, a second bearing assembly from its mounting position. When the bearing assembly is in the installed position and not, and means for pushing the bearing assembly can be pulled out and separated from the bearing assembly.


Pacific herring, Clupea pallasi, is an important species in the marine ecology of southeastern Alaska and is also harvested in subsistence and commercial fisheries. To ensure adequate stock size, prior to allowing commercial harvest, the Department of Fish and Game assesses the abundance of spawning populations. The stock assessment is based primarily upon two types of information: estimates of egg deposition and age composition of the spawning population. Each spring, a team of scuba divers conducts surveys to estimate egg deposition. Survey location is determined through aerial surveys and mapping of spawn along the shoreline. Dive teams conduct transects perpendicular to the spawn bed, beginning at the intertidal and ending in the sub tidal at a depth of about 35–50 ft. The goal of the surveys is to produce estimates of total egg deposition to index abundance. The index is a primary input of one of two models: age-structured or biomass accounting. Both models are used to estimate the current mature herring biomass and forecast mature biomass for the ensuing year. Estimates from 2010 dive surveys indicate that egg deposition was highly variable among stocks and Sitka Sound continues to be the largest herring stock in the region.


Abstract The vision of Andalusia found in Lorca's Romancero gitano and the related 'Conferencia-recital' is best understood in the context of a long history of writings that present a variety of different perspectives: from the Romantic envisioning of Andalusia, the Generation of 1898's exaltation of Castile, pre-modernista colorismo, the modernismo of Sánchez Rodríguez and Juan Ramón Jiménez, and andalucismo, through to several 'theories of Andalusia'. Parallel to this run the main stages of research into cante jondo, a genre often held to express 'alma andaluza'. Both traditions stress the many historical 'layers' of Andalusian civilization, leading to the notion of atavism.


Ga doped ZnO(GaZnO) nanostructures for the improved ultrafast nonlinear optical properties by selective electron beam irradiation were studied. The crystalline size of the films shows a decrement due to lattice mismatch effects arised owing to EBI induced stress. The occurrence of the E2H mode in Raman spectra indicates the quality of the grown nanostructures. Gaussian deconvolution fitting on photoluminescence spectra reveals defect related emission originated from intrinsic defects. The core level spectra of O1s from XPS analysis has shown a substantial changes upon EBI in which peak related to oxygen vacancy defect got suppressed The third harmonic generation studies in both femtosecond and nanosecond regime shows substantial enhancement in the signal intensity which outcomes the effect of EBI treatment


theocratic-fundamentalist ideology. Thus, Kashmir no longer remains a mere geographic entity with its distinct cultural personality (Kashmiriyat as it has come to be called) but a powerful, focal point to demonstrate the viability, validity, legitimacy and desirability of multi-ethic, multilingual nation states. To say so in no sense means that all these imply any necessary support for centralisation, concentration of power and weakening of regional, local aspirations for self-rule, self-management and development of one's distinct cultural identity. As far as India's internal problems in Kashmir are concerned, they seem to centre on an appropriate response to these issues of reconciling a strong, federal nation-state with ample scope for local self-rule, self-management and development of one's distinct cultural personality. Anil Maheshwari' s book is an attempt to give a detailed account of how this great, nascent Indian project has become a victim of the combined onslaughts of the mischief of the local muslim clergy (the mullahs; witQ active support and participation from across the boarder. What seems to have escaped Maheshwari's exercise is that in addition to what he has correctly and vividly brought out as the political opportunities and corruption of the local politician, the colonial powers, who claim not that the globe is moving towards a "conflict of civilisations", are in many direct and indirect ways contributing to such conflicts. But then, that is a sepru;ate subject, needing great exploratory efforts to convincingly verify this hypothesis. What Maheshwari has brought out is how vicious, determined and resourceful the communal forces are; how they conspire to create tensions, violence and terrorism; and how a serious conflict between the concern for human rights and national -security arises in such cases. In effective political handling, attempts to manipulate democracy, growth of political and administrative corruption, personal ego conflicts, and inability to understand the socio-psychological and economic dimensions have further compounded the complex situation. How -Kashmir'-s majority communalism persecuted the minorities and led to intense criminalisation of the whole situation, have been graphically brought out along with an exposure of the naive role played by the media and various "human rights" groups. It is a readable book which tries to correct some mis~onceptions but in the process tends to endorse some personalities, their actions and certain forces which give the impression as though the politics of mullaism has been the sole bane of Kashmir.


Public security is nowadays considered to be a key area of national security. Its main objective is to protect the population from the effects of various types of threats that may appear on the territory of Poland, but also beyond its borders. Such threats include undoubtedly volcanic eruptions. In this article, the author makes an attempt to analyse the above phenomenon from the perspective of direct and indirect threats it poses to public security. The author included in it: the definition and basic types of volcanoes, the characteristics of volcanic eruptions and their consequences, as well as the characteristics of volcanic threats in Poland. The article ends with the author's summary and conclusions in which the author refers to the impact of volcanic threats on public security.


Introduction: Domestic violence against women is an important public health problem. The medical practitioner's personal value system and beliefs about domestic violence can play an important role to deal with problem and provide support to battered women.
Objective: The current study was formulated to reveal attitude of physicians towards domestic violence against women and factors affecting this attitude.
Methods: To achieve such aims, a sample of 565 physicians were interviewed out of 899 physicians selected for this study with an overall response rate of 62.8%. The target population for this study was all physicians in the primary health care centers in Kuwait.
Results: The results of the current study revealed that physicians tended to have a relatively low positive overall attitude score towards violence against women (60.75 + 13.16%), with a mean percent score of 42.36 + 15.37% for relationship between partners domain, 75.73 + 21.80% for good reasons to hit wives domain, and 58.39 + 17.11% for management of domestic violence domain. Female physicians tended to have a higher positive attitude score than males (62.9 + 13.36% compared with 58.3 + 12.52%, P < 0.001) as well as for each attitude domain. Years spent at the current job negatively correlated with the total attitude score of physicians towards domestic violence against women.
Conclusion: There is a great need to improve attitude of physicians about domestic violence, especially against women through properly planned training programs so that a better medical care and support of battered women can be achieved.


The main Benedictine monasteries in the Castilian region of Rioja, namely, San Millan de la Cogolla and Santa Maria de Najera, possessed many parish churches, scattered throughout the region of Rioja and the mountains of the Basque Country and Cantabria. Most of them were small rural churches, but some bigger ones, like that of Santona and the Chapel of the Cross in Najera, were served by numerous priests, who were involved in many quarrels with their lords, the abbots. Some of this quarrels are analysed in this article.


Vaccinations are powerful tools to help prevent/minimize the consequences of infections. Currently available vaccines are protecting only part of the human population because of the age-related decrease in immune functions. Vac- cination against Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza are strongly recommended in children under 2 years of age and individuals over 65 years of age to protect them from infection. However, although commercially available vaccines against these infectious diseases provide protection and ensure lasting immunological memory in children and adults, they are much less effective in elderly individuals. The mechanisms for the reduced response of the elderly to pneumococcal and influenza vaccines are discussed in this review from the perspective of deficiencies seen in B cell function with age.


This study was conducted to identify the level of diabetes self-care knowledge, confidence, behavior and quality of life in elderly people with diabetes. The participants were 205 elderly with diabetes who visited a citizen health center located in D city. Korea. The data were collected from April, 20th to August 31th, 2015, and were analyzed by the t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1) The mean scores for diabetes self-care knowledge, confidence, behavior, and quality of life were 6.99 (2.17), 71.27 (10.21), 62.78 (1.29) and 0.86, respectively. 2) There were significant differences in the self-care behavior according to the education level, duration of diabetes mellitus and subjective health, and the quality of life differeddepending on the level of subjective health(F=35.253, p=0.000). 3) Knowledge of diabetes diet was the lowest among the various aspects of diabetes self-care knowledge. Confidence for exercise was lowest, while confidence for medication and blood sugar check was highest. However, the participants exhibited good medication behavior, whereasthey did not carry out blood glucose checks in their self-care management behavior. The most uncomfortable aspect of the quality of life was found to be pain and discomfort. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop guidelines and methods for dietary education reflecting the dietary habits of Koreans, and to investigatethe reasonsfor thelow performance of theblood glucose check. In addition, customized nursing interventionstaking into consideration the characteristics of elderly with diabetes need to be developed and verified.


This paper presents an experimental validation of high-performance deadbeat controller with dead-time compensation technique to regulate the current of variable frequency drive (VFD) fed by cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter (MLI). The proposed deadbeat controller is implemented in the synchronous dq frame to track the current references at each sampling time while the dead-time effect is removed by producing appropriate compensating d-q voltages. The proposed controller is characterised by fast transient response, suitable compensation for load disturbances, and accurate compensation of recurring fluctuations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are validated on a 5 kW experimental setup.


Yi Sang's "Jongsaenggi(종생기)" is a very important work in that it is the only text dealing with the poetic of Yi Sang in his novels. In that novel, he alluded to his own method of writing by the use of "a stingy parsimony-rule(인색한 절약법)" or "a gold plating(금칠)". In this paper, understanding his methods as being equal to "ellipsis" in rhetorics, I examined the function of ellipsis in his metafiction.
First, the de-automation of perception; the ellipsis in that novel establishes the empty space in the context, which gets rid of routine words and thoughts and make the text unfamiliar. Secondly, the denial of sequential reading; by the highly sophisticated use of ellipsis, the inner relation become individualized and intellectual, which makes it uneasy to understand the text and is getting away from sentimentalism. Thirdly, the denial of reader's routine expectation; ellipsis(its necessary condition is reader's participation) is the foundation of strategy which confuses the reader's routine understanding or disturbing the process of reading. Lastly, the negation of the completeness of novel; ellipsis in that novel denies a supposition that a novel has it's autistic world by confusing the real and fictitious situations.
Ellipsis in that novel has relations to a core concept in the poetic of Yi Sang. and "Jongsaenggi" has a value in the history of Korean literature in that it, in addition to the aesthetical value in itself, supplied the motivation enriching rhetoric concepts by positively showing the various dimensions of ellipsis.


DYSTROPHIA MYOTONICA is not listed as a cause of dysphagia in even the larger text-books of laryngology. The symptom, occurring in this disease, does receive brief mention in the chapter devoted to the muscular dystrophies in Kinnier Wilson's two-volume work on neurology. Here it is said: "Dysphagia occurs now and then." The case presented here is thought to be of interest because, although the patient suffered from the main features of the disease to a marked extent, the only symptom of which he complained was dysphagia. The patient, a man of 39 years, works as a clerk. He presented at King's College Hospital in 1950 complaining that food stuck at the back of his tongue. No abnormalities were noted on clinical examination and no comment was recorded about his central nervous system. (Esophagoscopy was performed and a small fold of mucosa was found in the cricopharyngeal region. Otherwise there was no abnormality. The cricopharyngeal sphincter was dilated and following this procedure, the patient's swallowing improved. The patient was next seen in February ig6i complaining of increasing dysphagia during the previous three months. He was able to take a normal diet slowly, but found difficulty in swallowing coffee, especially at the end of the day. This sometimes made him cough. He was working full time and rode a pedal bicycle every day. Examination revealed an appearance which is considered typical of a myopathy. The face, as can be seen from the photograph, is characteristic, showing weakness and wasting of the lower facial muscles especially the levator anguli oris. There is bilateral ptosis. Weakness and wasting were marked in the sternomastoid muscles, the trapezii, and the muscles of the forearms and hands. The head was carried on a lean thin neck in the manner which has been likened to that of a swan. When asked to grip with his hand he was unable to relax his grip for some 20 seconds after being requested to do so. This is the diagnostic feature of the disease. By further questioning, it was found that his maternal grandmother and his father had cataracts. These are often found in the family histories of patients with this disease. He is the father of two children, not suffering the gonadal atrophy which is another common feature of the malady. A barium swallow showed an irregularity of action of the pharyngeal musculature, with considerable spill of barium into the trachea. Thin and thick barium were swallowed without undue difficulty and no structural lesion was demonstrated. An oesophagoscopy was performed in August ig6i. A mucosal fold was observed on the left hand side in the cricopharyngeal region. The thoracic oesophagus was found to have an abnormally wide lumen, but the oesophagoscope passed without hold up into the stomach. A hydrostatic bag was used to


Obfective:To ascertain the main active site of prismatomerisconnata in effect of against hepatic fibrosis. Method:Preparing of liver fibrosis model with CCl4 composite factors,four extracts from Prismatomerisconnata were screeded for the effect of against hepatic fibrosis.Result: The high does group of water site could cut down the liver index and the level of ALT and AST obviously,the low does group of water site could cut down the liver index and the level of ALT. The high does group of Ethyl acetatesite could cut down the liver index and the level of AST. Conclusion:Ethyl acetate site and water site may be effective fraction of against hepatic fibrosis from Prismatomerisconnata.


The fine structure splittings of 1s2np(n≤9) states for lithium-like Zn27+ion are calculated by using the full-core plus correlation(FCPC) method.The quantum defects of 1s2nl(l=s,p) Rydberg series are determined according to the single-channel quantum defect theory.The energies of any highly excited states with n≥10 for these series can be reliably predicted using the quantum defects which are function of energy.The dipole-length,-velocity and-acceleration absorption oscillator strengths for the 1s2ns-1s2np(n≤9) transitions of Zn27+ion are calculated with the energies and FCPC wave functions obtained above,the results obtained from three formula agree closely with each other.Combining the discrete oscillator strengths with the single channel quantum defect theory,the discrete oscillator strengths for the transitions from ls22s state to highly excited states(n≥10) and oscillator strength densities related to the bound-free transitions are obtained for the ion.


Institutions affect economic development and social stability, and the characteristics of institutional change are a complex and widely discussed topic. This paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework to describe the relationship between institutional change, resource conditions, and overall social welfare, so as to explore the preconditions for the formation of institutions with greater equity and higher economic efficiency. On the basis of this analytical framework, we conduct a case study on China's rural land institutional changes over the past 70 years to explore the law of institutional changes. We found that when resources are scarce, economic efficiency and distributive equity usually pose difficulty to being improved and present a substitution relationship, while only when resources are sufficient could they realise these goals. The findings indicate that for regions with meagre resources, the advantageous sectors need to be identified and prioritised at the beginning of the development so as to recognise the appropriate initial resource accumulation. A certain accumulation of resources is the prerequisite for creating institutions that could improve economic efficiency and offer equitable distribution.


The layout and first data on the performance of the soft x‐ray bending magnet beamline 6 m high energy spherical grating monochromator (6m‐HSGM) at SRRC are described. The 6m‐HSGM beamline, which covers photon energies from 110 to 1500 eV, is based on the Dragon concept with spherical gratings, and a movable exit slit. During the first performance tests, core‐excitation thresholds of Ar and Ne, and K thresholds of N and O for gas phase CO, N2, and O2 have been recorded with resolutions which rank among the best reached so far in the soft x‐ray region.


This research is aimed to know whether or not students have adequate speaking skill in learning English, to know the students participation during English teaching learning process using quiz team technique to improve students speaking skill and to describe the achievement of the students speaking skill in their test result. The result of this study hopefully will give contribution in learning English.
In this research, quiz team technique is used to improve students speaking skill in learning English. This research was carried out at SMP Al Islam Kartasura especially in class B that consists of 35 students. In collecting the required data, the writer did observation, gave test, and used interview. There were five cycles in this action research. To know the score of speaking skill, the writer used pre-test and post-test. The mean score of pre-test is 56.57, and the mean score of post test is 71.05.
Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the result of quiz team technique in teaching speaking could improve the students' achievement. The students' ability was getting better in each cycle. It indicated that the teaching learning process was successful. Therefore, it is better for the students to study English carefully through practice and experience, and to be active and creative in learning English. While the English teachers may teach the students using quiz team technique, process considerable knowledge to manage an interesting classroom, and prepare the lessons they are going to teach as well as possible.


Purpose: Twenty-one total hip arthroplasties after ace-tabular fracture were reviewed at a minimum two-year follow-up. The purpose of this analysis was to study operative difficulties and complications in implanting a total hip arthroplasty on a sequelar acetabulum. Material and methods: Ten acetabula had been treated surgically and eleven orthopaedically. Mean time interval between the initial trauma and the arthroplasty was 14 years (range 2 – 36). The posteriolateral approach was used in thirteen cases and the anterolateral approach in eight. Osteosynthesis material was totally removed in two patients and partially in three. Arthrolysis was performed in one patient who had grade IV heterotopic ossifications. Most of the cups were hydroxyapatite coated uncemented cups; two cups were cemented in a Postel Kerboul ring. Results: An autologous graft was required for nine of the eleven orthopaedically treated fractures versus two of the ten surgically treated fractures (p Discussion: The operative difficulty was basically encountered in the group of orthopaedically treated acetabular fractures due to the callus (protrusion of the femroal head into the ovalised acetabulum. For these cases, an autologous graft was indispensable for reconstruction or defect filling (82% of the cases) to avoid excessive medialisation of the cup. For the fractures treated surgically, the osteo-synthesis material was only removed when it prevented proper cup position. An autologous graft was used to fill defects (18%) (wall or roof necrosis). Cup insertion without cement is the rule for first-intention treatment in these young patients, the supporting ring being used when required for second-intention treatment.


In 1870 G. Cantor proved that if \(\lim_{N\rightarrow\infty}\sum_{n=-N}^N\,c_{n}e^{inx} = 0\) for every real \(x\), where \(\bar{c}_{n}=c_{n}\) (\(n\in \mathbb{Z}\)), then all coefficients \(c_{n}\) are equal to zero. Later, in 1950 V. Ya. Kozlov proved that there exists a trigonometric series for which a subsequence of its partial sums converges to zero, where not all coefficients of the series are zero. In 2004 G. Gevorkyan raised the issue that if Cantor's result extends to the Franklin system. The conjecture remains open until now. In the present paper we show however that Kozlov's version remains true for Franklin's system.


An investigation was carried out with the heavy metal Cobalt and legume plant soybean, in order to test the heavy metal accumulating ability of soybean. Cobalt was given to Soybean (Glycine max) plants in pot culture by soil drenching method. The accumulation and uptake of cobalt was tested from root, stem and leaves of treated plants. The results showed higher concentration (Co level (100-200 mg kg ) in the soil) resulted in 1 maximum accumulation in all parts of soybean plants, while the low concentrations of cobalt (50 mg kg 1 Co level) in the soil didn't show any significant effect.


The investigation on seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete school building made it clear that the earthquake performance in this building is scarce. Therefore, A plan was made to construct the seismic retrofit for this building. In this research, we experimented with joint of the floor slab in an actual reinforced concrete school building to verify the validity of the seismic retrofit. From the test result, Shear strength for joint has been understood and the seismic retrofit construction was executed.


Through using the method of literature review as well as social investigation and comparative analysis ways,this paper studied the competition market demand feature of China professional sports,and suggested the corresponding marketing countermeasure.The result showed only it could satisfy the different consumer demand to build and develop the professional sports culture with Chinese characteristics.Many kind patterns should be applied to arouse the consumer demand on the basis of the comprehensive feature of the demand.In accordance with the demand feature which is not urgent,the thought of creating demand should be applied to guide the competition market demand of China professional sports.With Chinese economy development,the main factor that restricts the balanced distribution of the competition market demand of China professional sports would be changing from economy factor into high level professional athlete quantity.It could strengthen continuity feature of the competition market demand of China professional sports to improve wonderful degree of China professional sports contest and brand popularity of China occupation sports.


The increasing number of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in low-altitude airspace is seriously threatening the safety of the urban environment. This paper proposes an adaptive collision avoidance method for multiple UAVs (mUAVs), aiming to provide a safe guidance for UAVs at risk of collision. The proposed method is formulated as a two−layer resolution framework with the considerations of speed adjustment and rerouting strategies. The first layer is established as a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model with a continuous state space and action space that adaptively selects the most suitable resolution strategy for UAV pairs. The second layer is developed as a collaborative mUAV collision avoidance model, which combines a three-dimensional conflict detection and conflict resolution pool to perform resolution. To train the DRL model, in this paper, a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm is introduced and improved upon. The results demonstrate that the average time required to calculate a strategy is 0.096 s, the success rate reaches 95.03%, and the extra flight distance is 26.8 m, which meets the real-time requirements and provides a reliable reference for human intervention. The proposed method can adapt to various scenarios, e.g., different numbers and positions of UAVs, with interference from random factors. The improved DDPG algorithm can also significantly improve convergence speed and save training time.


A new instrument to follow cuff salpingostomy is a coil (4-mm diameter 3-cm length) made of polyethylene tubing (1-mm external diameter) which is inserted into the ampulla to protrude into the abdominal cavity from the tubal ostium by at least .5-1 cm; one end of the polyethlene tube outside of the coiled part is led to the abdominal wall and the other into the uterine lumen. Extraction is carried out 4-8 weeks later by gently pulling the part of polyethylene tube protruding from the abdominal cavity which is followed by uncoiling of the coiled part. Advantages to use of this coil are that: 1) It is possible to keep open the tubal ostium prepared by plastic operation 2) the coiled part does not slide out of the tube 3) extraction from the abdominal wall is easy and 4) it is possible to insert a straight tube through which cortisone and other drugs are directly infused into the coiled part. Use of this method in plastic operation to correct hydrosalpinx is especially convenient.


As the initial stage of a study of quasar energy distributions (QEDs), Einstein IPC spectra of 24 quasars are presented. These are combined with previously reported IPC spectra to form a sample of 33 quasars with well-determined soft X-ray slopes. A correlation analysis shows that radio loudness, rather than redshift or luminosity, is fundamentally related to the X-ray slope. This correlation is not followed by higher energy spectra of active galaxies. Two components are required to explain both sets of results. The best-fit column densities are systematically smaller than the Galactic values. The same effect is not present in a sample of BL Lac objects, implying that the effect is intrinsic to the quasars and is caused by a low-energy turnup in the quasar spectra. 74 references.


Costello syndrome (CS), aka faciocutaneoskeletal or FCS syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder that affects very few individuals worldwide, with reported estimates from as few as one in 300,000 to one in 1.25 million people. As it affects so few, there are not many studies and research available on this condition; it can present with any number of complications that can complicate the safe administration of anesthesia. These complications run the gamut from difficult airways to cardiac, neurological, gastrointestinal (GI), and many other issues as well. In this report, we discuss the administration of general anesthesia to a patient with CS who presented for surgery to correct spinal cord tethering. Hopefully, this case summary will lead to a greater understanding of the genetic mutation and will help anesthesia practitioners identify patients with CS.


carry out exploration along the coast of Australian Antarctic Territory, particularly in Wilkes Land. The expedition was equipped with a Beaver aircraft, operated by a Flight of the Royal Australian Air Force commanded by Squadron Leader Douglas Leckie, A.F.C., and the ship was fitted with a Kelvin Hughes echo sounder capable of recording depths to approximately 2000 metres. Wilkes Land stretches from approximately the eastern edge of the Shackleton Ice Shelf to the western boundary of Terre Adelie. No ship had previously sailed close enough to the shore to land a party in this region. The only visits ever made were those in which men from the United States Operations "Highjump" and "Windmill" were landed from the air in the Windmill Islands and Hordern Hills


A theoretical investigation has been made of surface magnetoplasmon modes in truncated semiconductor superlattices. The thicknesses of the superlattice layers are assumed sufficiently large that quantum-well effects can be neglected. The materials are characterized by their macroscopic dielectric tensors, and a local theory with retardation is employed. The external magnetic field is taken to be parallel to the surface and perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the polariton. Numerical results are presented for the specific case of a GaAs-${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$As superlattice. The effect of superlattice structure on the gap in the dispersion curve is examined in detail.


The gargantuan computational problem of light transport in physically based image synthesis is popularly made tractable by reduction to a series of sampling problems. This reduction is a consequence of using Monte Carlo integration at various stages of the transport process. In this document we describe analytic and computational tools for efficient sampling, and apply them at three stages of the light transport process: Sampling the image, sampling the camera aperture and sampling direct illumination due to distant light sources. We also adapt a standard statistical technique of inductive inference to assess different Monte Carlo sampling strategies that solve the light transport problem.
First, we derive a closed-form parameterization that allows the generation of stratified samples according to a linear density function with triangular support. We use this for stratified sampling of importance functions that are piecewise linear.
Next, we describe a new importance sampling strategy with the novel ability to draw samples from a dynamic steerable importance function. Contrary to existing techniques, the steerability of the importance function ensures that no wasted samples are generated in regions where the steering function is zero. We demonstrate its effectiveness in the context of direct illumination from distant light sources, where the incident all-frequency illumination is steered by a dynamically orientable positive cosine lobe that is a function of the local normal.
We extend existing theory for studying the radiance function in the frequency domain: We define operators for frequency domain light transport and use them to present a novel analysis of finite aperture cameras in the Fourier domain. Using this analysis, we derive a new sampling algorithm that performs an order of magnitude better than current techniques for simulating depth of field correctly.
Finally, we discuss a novel adaptation of standard statistical hypothesis tests for assessing and comparing Monte Carlo estimators. We demonstrate that this framework can be used to make assertions about the means and/or variances of Monte Carlo estimators in image synthesis, upto a chosen level of significance. Besides comparing estimators, we verify that the framework can be used to detect errors in estimators and sampling algorithms.


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This paper investigates the platoon control problem for vehicular cyber physical systems (VCPSs) subject to Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks which often cause significant transmitted data packet delay or dropout by jamming the communication channels among vehicles. As a result, the VCPSs may contain isolated vehicles which cannot receive information from others. This in truth can lead to performance degradation, or even collisions of vehicles. To mitigate such adverse effects of DoS attacks on VCPSs, this paper proposes a distributed control protocol for each vehicle to track the leading vehicle. In order to guarantee asymptotic tracking performances under both DoS attacks and the existing recovery mechanism, this paper characterizes the upper bounds of the time duration rate and the frequency of the communication network being in the state of containing no spanning tree, respectively, by using a state transformation method and multiple Lyapunov functions. The controller gains are also jointly designed in association with the parameters of the upper bounds. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the derived theoretical results.


Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) is expressed by endothelial cells (ECs) of tumor-associated blood vessels and regulates primarily early hematopoiesis. Human PDGFR-β is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of glioblastoma. However, a major challenge of glioblastoma therapy is to overcome drug resistance, mostly initiated by missense mutations in the protein kinase catalytic domain. The present work aimed to carry out in silico structural studies on wild-type (WT) and some major mutant-type (MT) PDGFR-β complexes to elucidate the probable mechanism of its resistance related to the anti-angiogenic and anticancer drug sunitinib. In the absence of a crystal structure, the 3D structures of WT and MT PDGFR-β kinase were predicted using homology modeling followed by docking analysis with sunitinib. Molecular dynamics simulations of WT and MT PDGFR-β complexes with sunitinib were performed to understand the differential structural alterations in the PDGFR-β kinase structure, as well as its stability. Our results showed that the overall effect of mutations in the residues K634A, T681M, T681F, T681I, and T681A led to the destabilized 3D structures of PDGFR-β and altered their binding affinities with sunitinib. In particular, the mutation at the gatekeeper residue threonine 681 (T681M), present in the ATP binding pocket, majorly affected the protein stability, thus conferring resistance to the drug sunitinib. Our present findings utilizing in silico approaches show that the differential binding of sunitinib with WT and MT proteins leads to resistance being developed in sunitinib chemotherapy.


Introduction: Needless to say that correct and real-time detection and effective prognosis of the COVID-19 are necessary to deliver the best possible care for patients and, accordingly, diminish the pressure on the healthcare industries. Hence our paper aims to present an intelligent algorithm for selecting the best features from the dataset and developing Machine Learning(ML) based models to predict the COVID-19 and finally opted for the best-performing algorithm.
Methods: In this developmental study, the clinical data of 1703 COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients Using a single-center registry from February 9, 2020, to December 20, 2020, were used. The Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm identified the most relevant variables. Then, chosen features feed into the several data mining methods, including K-Nearest Neighbors, AdaBoost Classifier, Decision Tree, HistGradient Boosting Classifier, and Support Vector Machine. A 10-fold cross-validation method and six performance evaluation metrics were used to evaluate and compare these implemented algorithms, and finally, the best model was implemented.
Results: Out of the 34 included features, 11 variables were selected as the essential features. The results of using ML algorithms indicated that the best performance belongs to the AdaBoost classifier with mean accuracy = 92.9%, mean specificity = 89.3%, mean sensitivity = 94.2%, mean F-measure = 91.6 %, mean KAPA = 94.3% and mean ROC = 92.1 %.
Conclusion: The empirical results reveal that the Adaboost model yielded higher performance than other classification models and developed our Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) interface to discriminate positive COVID-19 from negative cases.


Steel fatigue strength testing is a process that requires large amounts of time, resources and appropriate equipment. The industry seeks to replace cumbersome destructive testing with non-destructive testing. Coefficients were developed that allow the comparison of the parameters of material properties. One such factor is the fatigue strength coefficient, which allows the estimate of fatigue strength using the known hardness of a given material. The fatigue strength factor should be developed for conditions that are as close to the industrial conditions as possible. It should take into account not only the expected properties of the material and the technological process but also its imperfections, e.g., the share of non-metallic inclusions and the steel microstructure. This paper presents the results of research on the influence of non-metallic inclusions on the fatigue strength coefficient of structural steel subjected to rotary bending. The tests were carried out in seven heats obtained in a 140-ton electric furnace under industrial conditions. The steel was desulfurized and refined with argon. The paper presents the bending fatigue strength of hardened and tempered steel at temperatures from 200 °C to 600 °C as a function of the relative volume of inclusions. The non-metallic inclusions occurring in steel were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The derived fatigue strength coefficient, k, for different tempering temperatures makes it possible to estimate the fatigue strength of the analyzed steel as a function of its hardness for various microstructures represented by the respective tempering temperatures.


We have studied the effect of temperature on structural, magnetic, electronic, elastic, thermodynamical properties of half-Heusler CoMnSb by using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. The semi-classical Boltzmann transport theory in combination with DFT is implemented to evaluate the thermoelectric (TE) properties. The obtained ground state properties show that CoMnSb has a half metallic character with a magnetic moment value of about 3μB. Thermodynamical parameters have been studied using quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) in the range of temperature 0-1000 K. The results of QHA show that the CoMnSb maintain their mechanical stability under temperature. The obtained results of TE properties show that CoMnSb exhibits a low lattice thermal conductivity and that ZT increases with temperature and reaches the maximum value of 0.098 at 1000K. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to investigate the magnetic properties of CoMnSb. Moreover, the transition temperature TC and the hysteresis cycle are calculated. These properties show that the CoMnSb half-Heusler is a good candidate for spintronic applications.


The hypothesis that oral practice is an important variable in second-language learning has been refined considerably over the past few years. Seliger (1977) defined practice as "any verbal interaction between the learner and others in his environment" (265). His description has since been amplified to reflect the importance of context (Cathcart, 1986; Tarone, 1983), task (Cathcart, 1986; Duff, 1986; Gass & Varonis, 1985; Rulon & McCreary, 1986), interlocutors (Johnson, 1983; Varonis & Gass, 1985), age (Scarcella & Higa, 1981), gender (Varonis & Gass, 1985), and ethnic group of learners (Sato, 1982; Duff, 1986). How learners gain practice in a particular setting is a function of strategies that they have developed. Rubin (1981) describes the learner's strategy of creating opportunity for practice. Using this strategy, learners create situations to test hypotheses with native speakers, respond to questions addressed to other students, and otherwise find opportunities to practice actively their second language. Practice may embody the purpose of learning or communication, hence the distinction made by Faerch and Kasper between learning and communication strategies (1980). These researchers define strategy as "a potentially conscious plan for solving what to the individual presents itself as a problem in reaching a particular goal" (60). It is not always possible, however, to distinguish one class of strategy from another. Learning and communication may occur simul-


The author examines the peculiarities of the reception of L.N. Andreev, reflected in the literary-critical articles of D.V. Filosofov, written in 1907. The features of his critical method are characterized. It is shown that the interpretation of Andreev's works in these works of Filosofov was subordinated to the concept of building a "new religious consciousness", developed by him together with his spiritual allies — D.S. Merezhkovsky and Z.N. Gippius. In 1907, the creative personality of Andreev was still characterized by Filosofov as a "background" figure, in comparison with the personality of Gorky and the cohort of realists united around the publishing house called "Knowledge". The critic saw the damage to Andreev's world outlook in the writer's rejection of "culture", "consciousness" and "religious community". At the same time, he strenuously tried to "cut off" Andreev from the "philosophy" of Gorky and the realists of the Gorky circle. In addition, Andreev's ideological and artistic quest was investigated by Filosofov in the context of such a complex literary phenomenon at the turn of the century as "mystical anarchism". In general, the critical assessments of Andreev's work presented in the articles of Filosofov in 1907 are ambiguous and dialectical. Revealing the "strength" and "weakness" of Andreev the artist, Filosofov in many ways showed himself as a critic and "educator". He not only waged a struggle with Andreev, the singer of pessimism, despair and "nothingness", but also tried to direct this talented writer along the "correct" ideological path, turn the vector of his creative movement towards "religious revival", that is, "new Christianity".


Multi-user detection is one of the key technologies of CDMA systems. Its basic idea is that, all user signals are considered as useful signals. Then, we can use them to eliminate multiple access interference (MAI). This paper presents an improvement of multi-user detection based on QS-CDMA systems. By the improving, computational complexity is lower, and performances approach synchronous CDMA systems.


Using the theory of semantic grammarand such concepts as of"similarity /related-ness","centipedal /centrifugal forces","dispersion /continuation","defineteness /indefineteness"and the"subject -elucidation"sentence frame,the present paper an alyses the linguistic phenomenan of dysyllabicpresidate repetition(including adjectives and verbs)such as AABB and ABAB structures and put them into 6tyupes.The paper t hen analysesthe 6types' semantic fe atures and grammatic functions ,their similarities,dif fernces and mutual relationships.


As the concept of customer relationship management theory is accepted by modern society, customer lifetime value and marketing scholars have been gradually paying attention to the business community. How to calculate and predict customer lifetime value, customer relationship management have become a hot research field. However, the current academic research is only concerned about customer lifetime value focusing on the customer's direct value to the enterprise, while ignoring the equally important indirect enterprise value. This paper analyzes the indirect value of customers, such as word of mouth recommendation, customer information update in the hope that the enterprise of the lifetime value of customers provide additional, and from various angles, direction of direction of future research. It further clarifies the value of customer indirectly playing an important role in the enterprise.


Joel was a gentle giant in the field of organic solid-state chemistry and a person who inspired anyone who was in his presence and attended his charismatic lectures over the five decades of his academic career. To use one of his favourite expressions, he was 'the cat's meow'. Joel's first publication concerned 'The infrared absorption of normal and O-labelled triphenylarsine oxide', published in 1964 (Bernstein et al., 1964). Six years thereafter, he continued with investigations of organic molecules and their electronic properties in 'Absorption and fluorescence spectra of crystalline trans-stilbene' (Bernstein & Anex, 1970). Interestingly (a word his first Postdoctoral supervisor abhorred), his foray into cocrystals started in 1971 with 'The crystal structure of the 1:1 complex of [3.3]paracyclophane with tetracyanoethylene'. In those days, the term cocrystals had not been used, but the complex reported, a charge-transfer compound, would fall under the umbrella term of cocrystals. A crucial year was in 1972 when two publications that foretold his main scientific interest were published. From his postdoctoral time with Professor Gerhard Schmidt, whom the solid-state organic chemistry community considers one of the first adopters of the term crystal engineering, the word polymorphism first appeared in one of his publications, 'Conformational studies. Part III. The crystal and molecular structure of 2,4dichlorobenzylideneaniline', published in the Journal of the Chemical Society: Perkin Transactions II (Bernstein, 1972). A second publication, immediately following on in the same issue, was co-authored with Schmidt, i.e. 'Conformational studies. Part IV. The crystal and molecular structure of the metastable form of N-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-pchloroaniline, a planar anil' (Bernstein & Schmidt, 1972). In later years, polymorphism has been frequently subdivided into packing polymorphism [which is essentially what polymorphism is as defined by Walter McCrone (McCrone, 1965)], conformational polymorphism and synthon polymorphism. The year 1972 was productive for Joel and resulted in seven publications. The Israeli Crystallographic Community, spearheaded by Schmidt, contributed two pioneers to the field of organic solid-state chemistry, and featured Bernstein as a collaborator. With Professor Leslie Leiserowitz, they published a paper on the crystal and molecular structure of trans, trans-muconic acid (Leiserowitz, 1976). Part of this work was featured in the seminal paper by Leiserowitz on the packing modes of carboxylic acids. In this work, Leiserowitz first began to show predictability in the packing, and also the types of hydrogen-bonding interactions, observed for the carboxylic acid functional group. This concept of prediction and classification would lead to another of Joel's passions, namely hydrogen bonding, but more on that later. In 1975, Joel collaborated with another giant of the Israeli scientific community, Professor Frank Herbstein, who much later wrote a seminal book on charge-transfer compounds (Herbstein, 2005). Again, the publication 'The crystal structure of the -molecular compound pyrene:p-benzoquinone' was an example of the type of charge-transfer compound that Herbstein studied intensely (Bernstein et al., 1976). An early and rare example of a ternary compound, the charge-transfer salt pyridine:1-naphthylamine:picric acid (known as Kofler's Compound), showed how not only two-component complexes but ternary complexes could be made using crystal-engineering principles. In this compound, charge transfer and hydrogen bonding were used as two distinct intermolecular interactions (Bernstein, Regev & Herbstein, 1980). 'Solid state photooligomerization of an extended chiral bifunctional monomer . . . ' is an example of his foray into solid-state photochemistry, continuing in the tradition of Schmidt (Bernstein, Green, & Rejto, 1980). ISSN 2053-2296


Chill down of cryogenic transfer lines is a crucial part of cryogenic propulsion as chill down ensures transfer of single phase fluid to the storage tanks of cryogenic engines. It also ensures single phase liquid flow at the start of the engine. Chill down time depends on several parameters such as length of the pipe, pipe diameter, orientation, mass flux etc. To understand the effect of these parameters, experiments are carried out in a set up designed and fabricated at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay using tubes of two different diameters. Experiments are conducted at different inlet pressures and mass flow rate values to understand their effect. Two different pipe sizes are taken to study the effect of variation in diameter on chill down time and quantity of cryogen required. Different orientations are taken to understand their effect on the chill down time, heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux for the same inlet pressure and mass flux. Pipe inner wall temperature, heat transfer coefficient for different boiling regimes and critical heat flux are calculated based on measured outer surface temperature history for each case. A one dimensional energy conservation equation is solved for transient chill down process considering constant mass flux and inlet pressure to predict the chill down time. Temperature variation during chill down obtained from the numerical simulations are compared with the measured temperature history.


Extraction of Total Nucleic Acids from Soil

Fractionation of Total DNA by mol% G-C Content

Analysis of SSU rRNA and Its Encoding Gene (rDNA)

Analysis of Functional Genes

Microbial Community Fingerprinting

Analysis of Microbial Activity at the Functional Level

Metagenome Analysis

Final Comments

Keywords:

methodology;
molecular methods for soils;
nucleic acids extraction from soils;
soils


A Dissertation Submitted in Partial/Fulfillment of the Requirements for Award
of the Master Degree of Science in Accounting and Finance (MSC.A&F) of
Mzumbe University.


The author proposes a unified curriculum of undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral studies intended to prepare young persons for responsible leadership in global society and to sensitize them to the limitations imposed by global sustainability. He foresees that students will work in teams and that higher education institutions will co‐operate in consortia, somewhat like the Associated Universities scheme of UNESCO. Universities must abandon their mostly outdated positivist and retrospective epistemology and move to holistic and transdisciplinary, normative, future‐oriented, and policy‐relevant epistemology.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of collaboration mode (face‐to‐face versus non‐collocated using collaborative technology) on team‐based problem solving behaviors associated with team learning, team reflexivity (i.e. reflectiveness) and team mental model development.Design/methodology/approach – The study used a single factor (collaboration mode) between subjects randomized experimental design. The experimental manipulations of collaboration mode were face‐to‐face versus technology‐mediated collaboration. Observer ratings of problem solving behaviors were used to generate data analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.Findings – Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated that face‐to‐face collaboration is superior to technology‐mediated collaboration in facilitating team level cognitive functions such as team learning, team reflexivity, and shared mental model development.Practical implications – To better manage the psychological/cognitive aspects of teamwork,...