In group discussion, it is not always easy for the participants to effectively control the discussion to make it fruitful. With the goal of contributing to facilitating group discussions, this study proposes a method of segmenting a discussion. Predicted discussion boundaries may be useful for tracking the discussion topics, analyzing the discussion structure, and determining a timing for intervention. We created a multimodal embedding space using an autoencoder, and represented each multimodal utterance data in the embedding space. Then, a simple unsupervised approach was used to detect the discussion boundary. In a preliminary analysis, we found that the proposed method can generate discussion segments that are comprehensible for analyzing a discourse structure. But, the performance in the discourse segmentation task should be improved as future work. Author


Astrocytes have an important role in the regulation of inflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). In neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis, numerous cytokines and chemokines are elevated including IL‐6, IL‐17, and CCL20. IL‐17 enhances IL‐6 signaling and subsequent IL‐6 expression in astrocytes. CCL20 is a CC motif chemokine that functions as a chemoattractant to facilitate the recruitment of CCR6‐expressing cells, including Th17 cells. In this study, we examined the role of IL‐6 and IL‐17 on CCL20 production in primary murine astrocytes. IL‐6 in combination with the IL‐6 soluble receptor (sIL‐6R) stimulated CCL20 expression in part through STAT3 activation, whereas IL‐17 alone had no effect. However, the combination of IL‐6, sIL‐6R, and IL‐17 led to a robust increase in CCL20 production. IL‐17 increased the activation‐associated phosphorylation of NF‐κB, and inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway significantly inhibited the enhancement of CCL20 expression by IL‐17. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that stimulation of primary astrocytes with IL‐6 plus the sIL‐6R induced STAT3 binding to the CCL20 promoter. Combined stimulation with IL‐6, sIL‐6R, and IL‐17 increased the recruitment of phosphorylated NF‐κB to the CCL20 promoter, increased binding of coactivators such as p300 and CBP, and enhanced H3 and H4 histone acetylation, consistent with a transcriptionally active gene. The astrocyte‐produced CCL20 increased T cell migration as determined by transwell migration assay. Collectively, these results suggest that astrocytes, in response to IL‐6, sIL‐6R, and IL‐17, may shift chemokine production to that favoring T cell recruitment to the CNS. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


By Robert D. Putnam A more extended version of this article, complete with references, appears in the Winter 1995 issue of PS, a publication of the American Political Science Association. This work, originally delivered as the inaugural Ithiel de Sola Pool Lecture, builds on Putnam's earlier articles, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital," Journal of Democracy (January 1995) and "The Prosperous Community," TAP (Spring 1993).


Review(s) of: Gone bush with horrie and me, by Barney Roberts, Shoestring Press, 1998; Cutting the clouds towards, by Matt Simpson, Liverpool University Press, 1998; Mobius, by Christopher Kelen, University of Western Sydney, 1998; Running with light, by Luke Davies, Allen and Unwin, 1999.


Weyl semimetals are characterized by the presence of massless band dispersion in momentum space. When a Weyl semimetal meets magnetism, large anomalous transport properties emerge as a consequence of its topological nature. We produce a visualization of the spin-polarized Weyl cone and flat band surface state of ferromagnetic Co$_2$MnGa, in film form, with full remanent magnetization using $in$-$situ$ spin- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and $ab\ initio$ calculations. We demonstrate that the anomalous Hall and Nernst conductivities systematically grow when the magnetization-induced massive Weyl cone at a Lifshitz quantum critical point approaches the Fermi energy until the highest anomalous Nernst thermopower among ferromagnetic films ($\sim6.2$ $\rm \mu$V/K) is realized at room temperature. Given this topological quantum state and full remanent magnetization, Co$_2$MnGa films are promising to realize the high efficiency heat flux and magnetic field sensing devices operable at room temperature and zero-field.


Four kinds of relations of equipment campaign losing and damage amount are presented.In known equipment damage rate,research how equipment damage rate is forecasted,and construct relevant model.Based on analysis of damage rate and distributing of damage equipment,according as campaign damage rate and distributing of campaign damage equipment,and average rehab rate and distributing of rehab equipment,finding equipment damage model and campaign damage rate and distributing of campaign damage equipment.The results from the example show that the method has a certain rationality and feasibility.


Algicolous fungi refer to those fungi which distribute on the surface or inside of algae. Although almost one-third of all known higher marine fungi are associated with algae, algicolous fungi are relatively little investigated. Therefore, in this investigation, we focused on screening algicolous fungi for antitumor, activity and prepare for the future research of bioactive metabolizes. Ten marine algae samples investigated in this study were originated from different intertidal zones of Fujian Province, China. From those algae,sixty-six strains of algicolous fungi were isolated by using selective medium. Those fungi were cultured on PD medium and GPY medium. Organic extracts were screened by the way of MTT( Methyl Thiazolyltetrazolium). As a result,thirty-four strains of the fungi show antitumor activity .The ratio of such active fungi to total offered fungi is 52%. In those fungi, twenty-one strains of fungi demonstrated antitumor activity against KB cell,thirty against Raji cell and seventeen against both KB cell and Raji cell. The ratio of such fungi to total fungi with antitumor activity is 62%,88%and 50% individually. Furthermore, four fungal extracts, namely (G)SCH1,(P)B2, (P)LC13 and(P)LC4, were chosen to study theIC_(50) against Raji cell. The value of them is 80 μg/mL,35 μg/mL,20 μg/mL and 40 μg/mL respectively. Those results indicated that algicolous fungi would be a promossing resourse of antitumor medicament.


A new algorithm to extract building outline from laser cloud points is presented in this paper.Firstly,search for two points which have the max distance between each other and pick one as a starting point.According to the principle that there is no point out of the line segment between two neighbor-edge-points,detect all edge points successively.Divide those edge points in different groups and then fit outlines by least square methods respectively.The angles of building roof are generally right angles,so we need to do regularization for the lines fitted before.Finally,extend the outlines through moving each line across corresponding outermost point to acquire the final roof outlines.Coordinates of real corner points are obtained by intersecting two neighbor roof outlines.Compared with general methods of obtaining edge points through constructing the TIN or Delaunay triangles,the algorithm presented in this paper gives faster running efficiency,more edge points detected and higher precision of roof outlines.


The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission aims at producing low (36 km) and high-resolution (9 km) global maps of surface soil moisture based on L-band radiometer and radar/radiometer measurements, respectively. In this research study, results of applying a novel retrieval algorithm, the so-called Multi-Temporal Dual Channel Algorithm (MT-DCA) to the first year of SMAP observations are presented. MT-DCA allows retrieving not only soil moisture, but also vegetation optical depth (VOD) and scattering albedo estimates, from passive microwave measurements alone and without reliance of a priori information. At L-band, VOD is proportional to total vegetation water content and albedo accounts for structural changes. The analysis of these parameters at different temporal and spatial scales will reveal the full potential of L-band microwave for global ecology studies.


This paper introduces the quasi-case teaching method on the basis of investigation and analysis of teacihing status.And then,it explains the use of quasi-case teaching method in the international finance teaching.Lastly this paper puts forward the measures from aspects of teacher's teaching level,the student's study enthusiasm and the teaching facilities construction to improve the effect of quasi-case teaching method in international finance.


A neutrosophic set is a more general platform, which can be used to present uncertainty, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent. In this paper a score function and an accuracy function for single valued neutrosophic sets is firstly proposed to make the distinction between them.


Public revenue collection systems possess an important institutional role in raising the funds needed to finance Public action and operations, while they evolve, as global efforts to create fair and impartial tax services continue. The large number of staff and taxpayers with whom these Administrations interact, the complex network of stakeholders and other Public Bodies with which they are associated, the scope and nature of the tax laws they enforce, the number of their core functions, including taxation information systems, require that these revenue organizations are secured with sufficient authorities to perform their vital functions effectively and efficiently. This dissertation attempts to describe the historical development of public revenue collection systems worldwide and the impact that this development has had on the formation of the tax collection mechanism in Greece. In addition, the recent changes in the collection agency of Greece are presented, as well as in the tax collection agencies of four countries of the European South. Finally, the degree of success of the existing tax structure in Greece (Independent Public Revenue Authority) is investigated, mainly in terms of achieving the goals that the Authority itself had set when it was established, but also in regard to providing quality services to citizens.


Objective To discuss the curative effect of low-tension shallow anterior chamber after trabeculectomy.Methods To retrospectively summarize 205 cases of glaucoma surgery from January 2006 to January 2010 in our hospital,among whom 40 cases were low-tension shallow anterior chamber.The extents and causes were analyzed.Results The probability of low-tension shallow anterior chamber after glaucoma surgery was 15.4%.The incidence of low-tension shallow anterior chamber was closely related to patients' intraocular pressure before surgery.The incidence of low-tension shallow anterior chamber was 11.5%,41.3% and 23.1% when the intraocular pressure respectively was lower than 21 mm Hg,22 ~ 35 mm Hg,and higher than 35 mm Hg(P 0.05).The incidence of the disease had no relationship with the type of disease before surgery(P 0.05).Conclusions The incidence of low-tension shallow anterior chamber caused by glaucoma surgery is 19.5%,which is correlated with intraocular pressure before surgery.


Water supply is a core service on which civilised society depends. It involves considerable energy consumption, CO2 emissions and costs. As such, scientific efforts in the water industry in recent years have focused on improving the sustainability of water supply. This paper examines the potential for energy recovery in the water industry which may be exploited through the use of mini or micro‐hydropower installations. A case study of water infrastructure in Ireland is included in the analysis to highlight the potential of this concept in practice. The results of this investigation show that in certain circumstances significant energy, environmental and economic savings are available with modest investment.


In the title compound, C22H18N4O4·2H2O, the hydrazine molecule lies across a twofold rotation axis, the mean planes of the two quinoline ring systems forming a dihedral angle of 64.1 (2)°. The hydrazine molecules and two water molecules are linked into infinite chains by O—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


The notion of political culture has centred on formal political institutions as interlocutors of individuals. However, the increasing economic power of corporations and their programs of social responsibility, along with higher levels of confidence, personal efficiency and mobilization amongst consumers aimed at influencing the provision of goods and services that these corporations provide, demand a revision of the concept. The article looks at evidence which points to the politicization of consumerism in Brazil.


The structure of a La CuO single crystal with the excess oxygen content ys 0.03 has been studied by means of 24 qy neutron diffraction at Ts 13 K. Although the extra oxygen content of ys 0.03 is inside the miscibility gap of La CuO 24 qy


Permanent deuterium enhanced photosensitivity is demonstrated in Ge-doped silica-on-silicon thin film layers by applying a rapid thermal process. The long term photosensitivity locking obtained should enable the development of all UV-written devices limited to date by the rapid deuterium outdiffusion during fabrication.


Echites exilicaulis Sesse & Moc;:. is shown to belong in the genus Mandevilla and that it is a species distinct from Mandevilla andrieuxii (Milli. Arg.) Hemsl. Ac cordingly Mandevilla exilicaulis (Sesse & Moc;:.) J. K. Williams is proposed.


This article studies the evolution of drug pricing by the French State since 1948. While the objectives of this policy have remained the same for 70 years — ensuring patients' access to quality treatment, without over-burdening the budget of the Assurance maladie [health Insurance system] or compromising industrial development — its practical modalities have considerably evolved, moving from a State-based unilateral price-fixing scheme to a co-regulation of the drugs market with pharmaceutical companies. This transformation has led civil servants of the State and of the Assurance Maladie (the Economic Committee for Health Products) to deal with a growing number of players — pharmaceutical companies, independent experts, and health professionals — as well as with policies practiced in other countries. However, this has not led to a reduction in the state's activity: on the contrary, the scope of regulation has extended to all actors and mechanisms determining the expenditure for reimbursed medicines.


The significance of extracting alumina from fly ash is elucidated.The physical and chemical properties of fly ash and the latest achievements of the research of extracting alumina from fly ash are introduced.And the advantages and disadvantages of the new processes are analyzed.


This paper presents the results of an experimental work conducted in the framework of a research project that deals with the effect of dead zones (groyne fields, harbours) on the longitudinal dispersion in rivers. The objective is an improved prediction of travel time, maximum concentration and skewness of a tracer cloud than is possible with existing alarm models. The exchange processes between main stream and dead zones have major influence on the longitudinal stretching of a tracer cloud traveling down a river. The main physical process that governs the exchange of dissolved matter between the dead zone and the main stream are coherent two-dimensional structures that are generated at the head of a groyne. These structures are growing in horizontal direction during their travel between two groynes because the flow is very shallow. Planar velocity measurements with PIV (Particle-Image-Velocimetry) have been performed in a large shallow water table (5.5 m x 15 m) at the Institute for Hydromechanics at the University of Karlsruhe to analyze the turbulent flow characteristics in a river in the presence of groynes. The mass exchange is related to the aspect ratio (width/length) of a dead zone and to the position of the groynes in relation to the main flow direction. With the aid of PIV it is possible to measure instantaneous velocity fields with a high spatial resolution so that the coherent structures which are mainly responsible for mass exchange can be determined by calculating vorticity fields. These measurements give detailed insight to the mean flow conditions and the turbulent flow characteristics in the dead zones. In a further step a dimensionless mass exchange parameter as has been defined by Valentine & Wood (1977) was extracted from the velocity data.


Learning Objectives : To illustrate the anatomy of the middle ear ventilation routes to the attic, to understand the pathophysiology that leads to aditus block syndrome and to show how to functionally restore the blocked pathways of ventilation.


The structural investigation of the processed InGaN/GaN LDs and LEDs structures are performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. A plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) process is used to fabricate laser structures on high pressure bulk GaN substrates. The indium composition inside the active multi quantum wells (MQW) region is measured by the analysis of the local lattice distortion using lattice fringes images. The characterization of different defects in the laser's structure is given in this paper. Defects, crossing the entire active region of the laser structure, have been detected. These defects can be related to the discontinuities of the Au/Ni contact. The local heating caused by the local non-uniform current density can be the origin of these defects. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


This article explores the perceived barriers inhibiting the youth's access to higher education. The article goes beyond the hard barriers to explore "lack of aspiration" as a soft barrier impeding access to higher education amongst the youth. In this article, the term "soft barrier" refers to lack of aspiration, a less tangible aspect that is much more subjective and less easily measurable. On the other hand, "hard barriers" are understood as factual issues that are easily recognisable and measurable, financial issues, for instance. This article interrogates lack of access to tertiary education as a key development problem in South Africa. Hence, the youth are underdeveloped socially, economically, and academically. The article draws from youth experiences to interrogate inadequate access to tertiary education and its impact on youth vulnerability. In this qualitative study, youth residing at Kenneth Gardens were interviewed to generate data. This study found lack of aspiration as a major soft barrier impeding the youth from accessing higher education. Among other factors, this study also found financial issues, informational barriers, and inability to meet the minimum university entry requirements as the underlying hard barriers impeding young people from accessing higher education. Keywords: aspirations, barriers, capabilities, development, higher education and youth


Gentrification is one of the most striking urban developments of our time, radically impacting residential, consumption and investment patterns, and urban culture more broadly. Commonly explained as the transformation of working-class or vacant areas of central cities into middle-class and/or commercial areas, it has become a key term in both academic and popular debates. Yet despite its contemporary significance, little is known about gentrification processes predating the repopulation of Western cities from the 1980s onwards. While geographers and urban sociologists are more inclined to focus on recent developments, historians seem wary of using the term when examining the social transformations of bygone eras. Although a limited number of historians have forayed into the field, so far historical approaches have been undeniably scarce. At the same time, the latest gentrification handbook counts up to 500 pages, but only mentions the history of the phenomenon as a backdrop against current events. This historical backdrop is, furthermore, distinctly Anglophone. This leaves us with a remarkable gap in the historical understanding of gentrification, which we believe is attributable to disciplinary boundaries and—from a historical perspective—the relative newness of the term.


Mapping America: The Incredible Story opens with a prologue followed by ten chapters, an epilogue, further reading and a notes' section. There is no index. The chapters are organized in a mix of chronological order spliced with topical interludes, starting with 'The Dawn of the Renaissance' and continuing with 'The Discovery [sic] of the Americas', 'The First European Settlements', 'The Golden Age of Cartography', 'The Eighteenth-Century Colonization of America', 'Daily Life in the English Colonies', 'Mapping the Prelude to War', 'The Outbreak of Rebellion', 'The Battle for Independence', and 'The Road to Victory'. The authors have an ambitious goal claiming that 'this book will tell the full story of America, from the Age of Discovery through the Revolutionary War... through the art of mapmaking'. There is a disconnect, though, between the stated aim and what is delivered, especially visually. One would reasonably expect a story about stunning maps to have many detailed close-ups of maps, or at least enough information to find out more about them. Yet few of the maps state where they are located or who supplied the images. Most such information is missing, including size and the version presented. While each of the 147 images (just over half are maps) is labelled as 'Fig. 1, Fig. 2' etc., none is directly referred to within the text, and the reader is left to hunt them down. Usually the figures are on the same page or within a page of where they are discussed, but sometimes a map is brought up in the narrative without a corresponding image. At other times the caption of an image tells a mini story about its relevance but will not otherwise be mentioned in the body of the text. For a book with the word 'maps' in the title, they are treated as if an afterthought. Certain aspects of the writing are disappointingly and cringingly dated, such as the use of the word 'discovery' without irony more than a dozen times, including as chapter and section headings. When telling a history of the process of the United States becoming a nation, the story is relayed with an openly biased perspective. The text refers to 'we' when addressing the presumed reader, who is clearly white, male, Christian and of European ancestry. For example, 'North America before the arrival of Europeans was not the untamed land that we often believe it to be'. It would be a challenge to find an educated, indigenous or aware person who believes this today. There are gaps in the survey of historical mapping of the era purported to be covered thoroughly. For example, not a single Des Barres map is mentioned, which anyone studying this time period would expect to see. And there are false claims. For example, a map said to be never-before-published (Henri Soules [sic], Plan of the Battle of Yorktown, 1787) is easily found digitized and online. Examples of inconsistent captions, missing information and lack of credit abound. The Incredible Story is an attempt at a history of the early United States, not a history of cartography. Suffice it to say that this book is neither a contribution to the history of cartography nor a thorough survey. It can safely be skipped by map enthusiasts, researchers and teachers in favour of the many more comprehensive and well-researched books available on the same topic.


The technology of tilapias breeding kept in intensive system (net cages) in Brazil, has led to the conduction of the present work in an aquaculture enterprise in the Chavantes HPS, Paranapanema River, SP/PR. The effect of different stocking densities of Nile Tilapia, Chitralada variety, sexually reverted, and the partial cost of juvenile (phase1) production were investigated, in experiments of net cages, using 24 units of 6,0 m3, four stocking densities (T1) 100; (T2) 200; (T3) 300 and (T4) 400 fish m, six replicates (statistics outline in randomized blocks), during the months of March and April, in two distinct periods, 2005 (52 days) and 2006 (58 days). Initially, the mean weight and total length (± standard deviation) were: 43,13 ± 3,26; 42,44 ± 6,91; 42,85 ±


Space-time and Time-space. The connections between time and space have always evoked interest, not at least because of the phenomenons of dream. Psychological and psychoanalytical studies were dedicated to the topic'time' and explained that the time-notion is relatively late developed in children. What is meant by this is the linear time, which in western European languages is linguistically fixed in tempus categories in the different languages. Besides there exist different notions of time. Taking place of states or actions can be marked linguistically, via spatial expression the result is more like a circle, and the speaker looses importance behind the occurance: he does not control it any more. Science fiction literature too does not think in time-spaces but in space-time generally; with leaps of time, with timeless phases this literature points at different possible notions of time. Not only science fiction literature challenges this orderbut new scientific approaches too appreciate space-time before time-space. In 1972 Goodwin came up with the thesis that during fetal development temporal order in cells precedes and stimulates spatial order in cell aggregates. Since 1978 Wilheim postulates a basic matrix of the unconscious as a temporal effective category which makes use of spatial manifestations from procreation onward. Klimek presented his findings on the individual birth-term in 1992 and thus approached thinking in space-time from the angle of medical research. To every child should be given his own time of intrauterine development. These three approaches and still more of them in the background accentuate space-time and no longer time-space. The connection of linguistic data with the results from biological, medical and psychoanalytic investigations point at new aspects in research.


This article examines the role of relationship lending in the automobile loan market at a community development credit union (CDCU) and at a traditional community bank. Copyright (c) 2007 Southwestern Social Science Association.


This article sheds light on the so far under-researched effect of subjective job insecurity on social policy preferences and the moderating role of employability. Using pooled individual-level data from the European Social Survey for workers from 11 Western European countries, it shows that subjective job insecurity does increase demand for redistribution. This effect is conditional upon employability perceptions, that is, expectations about future employment prospects. The impact of job insecurity on redistribution is strongest for workers who fear long-term unemployment. The findings do not seem to be driven by underlying political belief systems as they are robust in a reduced sample of centrist non-partisan workers. While the results confirm the hypothesised repercussions of labour-market flexibility on the individual level, aggregate effects should not be exaggerated, since the segment of workers exposed to job insecurity and low employability at the same time is rather small.


Nanomagnetic particles have great potential in the biomedical applications like MRI contrast enhancement, magnetic separation, targeting delivery and hyperthermia. In this paper, we have explored the possibility of biomedical applications of [Fe1 xBxFe2O4, B 1⁄4Mn, Co] ferrite. Superparamagnetic particles of substituted ferrites [Fe1 xBxFe2O4, B 1⁄4Mn, Co (x 1⁄4 0–1)] and their fatty acid coated water base ferrofluids have been successfully prepared by co-precipitation technique using NH4OH/TMAH (Tetramethylammonium hydroxide) as base. In vitro cytocompatibility study of different magnetic fluids was done using HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) cell lines. Co-substituted ferrite systems (e.g. CoFe2O4) is more toxic than Mn -substituted ferrite systems (e.g. MnFe2O4, Fe0.6Mn0.4Fe2O4). The later is as cytocompatible as Fe3O4. Thus, Fe1 xMnxFe2O4 could be useful in biomedical applications like MRI contrast agent and hyperthermia treatment of cancer.


In this paper,some properties of functions of hyperbolically bounded mean oscillation were obtained, that their hyperbolic \$g\|\$function and hyperbolic \$S\|\$function were both functions of bounded mean oscillation was proved.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of psychiatric screening in the risk population in order to identified people with psychiatric disorders and provide appropriate treament and care. It was conducted as a descriptive study in Khokhom area, Uthumphon Phisai District, Srisaket Province from October 2015 to September 2016. Data collection was performed by using a psychiatic screening test; and the screening process was conducted by performed by interviewing 160 vulnerable individuals in the communities who had signs or symptoms in line with the psychiatric risk criteria. Data were analyzed by using percentage, mean and standard deviation. It was found that most of the risk population were male (56.2%). The age range was 40-49 years (35.0%). The average age was 46.83 years old and the lowest was 19 years old, and the oldest age was 70 years old. Most of the samples were members of family (87.5%). The majority of them were married (86.5%); and the level of education was at the elementary level (95.0%). Majority of them were agricultural workers (93.8%). Psychiatric disorder was detected in 10 respondents; and the most common symptoms were alcohol or substance abuse (6 persons or 60.0% of the cases). There were 10 patients who had speech and hearing abnormality. All cases were referred to get medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment. Eight of them were diagnosed as psychiatric patients and treated; and the rest (2 cases) were monitored and assessed on a continuous basis.


It PRESENTED AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE TOTAL PROTEIN IN aqueous test fluid such as urine. The test consists in combining the test fluid with a salt of molybdate or tungstate and a dye that forms a complex with molybdate or tungstate IONS to pH 1.0 to 3.0 to shift the absorption band of the complex in the presence PROTEIN. TEST enters the dye having a pKa Phenolsulfonphthalein ALLOW YOU TO TAKE ACTION a pH between about 1.0 and 3.0 protein whose affinity is such that elicits a detectable response ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF MORE THAN 50 MG / DL PROTEIN TO INCREASE THE SCOPE OF THE TEST.


Simple Summary The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased greatly since the 1970s, mostly because of higher detection of the small forms of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Despite this main and popular opinion, an increase in the occurrence of the larger forms of TC has also been observed. Due to some noticed trends concerning TC incidence and behavior, the management of these neoplasms has also changed in recent years. "Cancer screening activity", which is the most popular of the aforementioned events, might have increased the PTC number during the analyzed period. However, the observed increase in the occurrence of TC continued to a point in time where there was a slowdown and even a reversal. This phenomenon is still debated and worthy of further investigation. Abstract Because of ambiguous and widely debated observations concerning the incidence, trend, and management of TC, we performed this analysis. We drew attention to some events, such as "cancer screening activity", introduction of noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) to TC types, possibility of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) active surveillance (AS), occurrence of personalized medicine in TC management, and, finally, COVID-19 pandemic time. Because of the opinion that all changes have been made mostly by PTC, we compared it to the remaining types of TC in terms of incidence, clinical and pathological characteristics, and treatment. We analyzed patients treated in a single surgical center in eastern Europe (Poland). The prevalence of TC significantly increased from 5.15% in 2008 to 13.84% in 2015, and then significantly decreased to 1.33% in 2022 when the COVID-19 pandemic lasted (p < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed for PTC, when the incidence significantly increased to 13.99% in 2015 and then decreased to 1.38% in 2022 (p < 0.0001). At that time, the NIFTP category was introduced, and observation of PTMC began. The prevalence of FTC and MTC also increased until 2015 and then decreased. Significant differences in age, types of surgery, necessity of reoperation, and pTNM between PTCs and other types of TCs were observed. The average age was significantly lower in PTC patients than in patients with the remaining types of TC (p < 0.0001). Four milestones, including NIFTP introduction, the possibility of PTMC AS, personalized cancer medicine, and the COVID-19 pandemic, may have influenced the general statistics of TC.


An improved process for preparing 4-[3, 5-bis (2-hydroxyphenyl)-l, 2, 4-tπazol-l -yl] benzoic acid of formula-1 and a process for its purification are provided The preparation process comprises reacting salicylic acid with salicylamide in the presence of a suitable base, in a suitable solvent and in the presence of thionyl chloride at reflux temperature, then reacting 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benz[e][l,3]oxazin^-one with 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid in a suitable alcoholic solvent at reflux temperature to provide deferasirox.


The compact high-frequency ground-wave radar (HFGWR) using the monopole-cross-loop (MCL) antenna as the receiving antenna is widely used to remotely sense sea surface currents. Its performance is seriously degraded by the antenna channel errors. And the conventional calibration method neglects the effect of the intrinsic antenna pattern distortion on the channel errors, which leads to the large measurement errors for the current velocities extracted involving the conventional calibration method. In this paper, we will model the direction-of-arrive (DOA) estimation error resulting from the channel error coupling with the antenna pattern distortion and propose a calibration method to eliminate the channel errors.


The invention provides a method and a device for determining a festival hot commodity, which can more accurately sieve the festival hot commodity under the condition of a large-scale commodity. The method comprises the following steps of: respectively aiming at each commodity in various commodities, calculating the hot-sell degree of the commodity during a festival period according to the comparison between the sale volume of the commodity the set festival period and the sale volume of a pre-set time slot during the festival period; and determining the commodity with the higher hot-sell degree to be as the festival hot commodity.


We examine the mixing time for random walks on graphs. In particular we are interested on investigating graphs with bottlenecks. Furthermore, the cutoff phenomenon is examined.


within the battery; and, secondly, to report an empirical study made with respect to battery validity and testing time. The importance of the length (number of items) of a test has been recognized since 1910, when Spearman (8) and Brown (2) independently published their findings that the reliability of a test was a function of the length of the test. The phrase &dquo;time for test&dquo; will be used throughout this article synonymously with &dquo;length of test.&dquo; It will be assumed therein that an alteration in the time allotted to a given test will be followed by a proportional change in the number of items in the test, and also, that the proportion of items attempted by a person will remain relatively constant regardless of the length of the test. With this understanding, the earliest work with the reliability of a test


There are some investigations on the distribution of the head offices in the metropolis, but no report was available to the writer on medium and small cities. In this paper, the writer gives some comments on the structure of areal distribution of head offices in cities taking examples of five local cities. The subject of study, the head offices of firms, are the campanies with a capital of over 10 million yen, on July 1, 1966.1. The head offices in each urban area are densely distributed in the center of the city and they are decreasing towards the outer zone, and the weight of head offices is conspicuous in the central district in proportion to the urban scale.2. Industries concentrated in the central district are finance and insurance, whole sale and retail trade, services, real estate, and so on, but wholesales (car dealers) are dispersed along the trunk roads.3. There are manufacturing industries, transportations and construction in the outer zone.4. As the big firms are few, the result was not clear concerning the difference of the areal distribution according to the capital size.Thus, the head offices of comparatively large scale indicate the centripetal distribution in local medium and small cities, too, but the difference of the areal distribution is great not by the scale of capital but by the kind of the industry. That shows that the controlling function of the head office and field office is not specialized.


Biometric data prediction is an important research direction of portable sleep monitoring devices such as piezoelectric ceramics. The current sleep monitoring sensors have limited anti-interference ability and accuracy, which limits the accuracy of prediction results. In order to improve the accuracy of sign data measurement of piezoelectric sensors, this paper proposes a depth measurement method based on LSTM based on the analysis of existing prediction models. The experimental results are compared with other time series prediction models. The results show that the predicted value of the LSTM model is close to the real value, and the mean absolute error and root mean square error of the LSTM model are lower than those of RNN and ARIMA models, which verifies the prediction performance of the LSTM model and can provide effective sign data information for sleep monitoring equipment.rs, Footnotes, or Math in Paper Title or Abstract.


The article is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of higher economic education. Special attention is given to the continuous mathematical training of future economists that is offered as a means of the fundamentalization of economic education. The author defines the objectives, basic methodological approaches and the plan of the training proposed


Since many natural and biological materials are cellular, often with relatively high porosity levels (although sometimes these pores are partly filled with a fluid or a soft and compliant solid in the natural state), various types of porous materials are of interest for biological applications. A key feature for such applications is the space afforded for invasion, first by cells and ultimately by osseous tissue and vasculature. The surface should be chemically and topologically suitable for cells to penetrate and interlock. There is evidence that fine scale topographic features can affect both the adhesion and ingrowth of cells. One way of creating topographic features, such as terraces, is to employ suitable heat treatments so as to expose preferentially the low surface energy crystallographic planes via surface diffusion. The topography and crystallography of surface terraces, generated on solid-state-sintered ferritic stainless-steel fibre networks, have been characterised by electron back-scattered diffraction, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Initial work on the effect of these fine scale topographic features on cell proliferation shows encouraging results.


In an effort to develop highly effective Pt-based substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrocatalysis, we have synthesized 10 nm-sized Pt/Ag alloy nanoparticles, preparing first 7 nm-sized seed particles of Pt, followed by the coreduction of Ag and Pt precursors onto them. The formation of Pt core–Pt/Ag alloy shell nanoparticles was evident from their UV–visible extinction characteristics, X-ray diffraction patterns, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images. According to the phase diagram, an alloy is possible only with a very high atomic content of either Ag or Pt, but the formation of alloys herein, even with an apparent composition of Pt0.70Ag0.30, can be understood by presuming that due to the presence of seed Pt particles, the reduction potentials of Pt and Ag are modified to allow the formation of Pt/Ag alloys onto them. The formation of alloys of Pt with Ag has resulted in the enh...


The submitted recommendation of the pathologic- urologic team "prostatic carcinoma" is the result of several meetings, in order to provide a basis for a uniform nomenclature in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of prostatic carcinoma to urologists and pathologists in practice.


The first and foremost process in tea manufacturing, withering, is the foundation for producing good quality. Moisture plays an important role in the manufacturing process of tea to get the desired quality. In this paper, a novel in situ instrumentation technique is proposed and validated experimentally for prediction of moisture loss (ML) in the withering process. In the proposed technique, ML is predicted based on the inlet and the outlet relative humidity (RH) and temperature during the process of withering. Network capable smart sensor nodes are developed for the measurement of RH and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the withering trough. Architecture of the nodes and network is described. A scaled-down prototype of an enclosed trough is developed to perform withering of tea leaves. Based on the data measured by the system, ML is predicted by using artificial neural network. Nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs is used for predicting the ML. The predicted ML is compared with the actual amount of ML measured by weight loss. A total of nine experiments are conducted for nine batches of tea leaves. The data collection, their analysis and results are reported in this paper. The observed result shows a good agreement between the predicted and actual ML. The maximum mean error in prediction is −3.6%.


In recent years, most countries have experienced a shift toward aging population, leading to a decline in the working population; thus, an increased physical burden on workers results. The use of powered exoskeletons is one approach to reduce physical stresses on the bodies of workers and elderly people. However, conventional powered exoskeletons have many sensors and actuators mounted on them, resulting in problems associated with their high price, high weight, etc. In this paper, we introduce a new high-efficiency reduction gearbox, which is being researched and developed in our laboratory as a substitute for conventional actuators, and present the results of its attempted assist control without a torque sensor. It was found that the user's torque can be estimated with high accuracy without using a torque sensor by using a highly efficient gearbox with 1/102.14 reduction ratio. In addition, we performed motion identification using a nonlinear support vector machine with the aim of assist control with reduced discomfort on the body by suppressing vibrations.


Using mechanical dynamics theory to analyze vibration cause of trunk type take-up.Irrational structure design is chief factor leading to vibration and restricting take up speed.The measures to improve structure design are as follows.(1) increasing the interval ratio between support bearing spacing and tail bearing with driver plate spacing to enhance system first order critical rotation and shakeproof capability;(2) decreasing excitation source to lighten excitation strength.Improving static balance mode to cut down eccentric excitation,changing reduction box transmission into big belt wheel transmission can be adopted.Taking diameter 600 mm coiling block for example,after first improving,running speed go up by 28%;after second improving,the running speed increase 63% than before improving,it can run at 650 m/min speed stably,which increase running speed and system stability of trunk type take-up effectively.


A tuneable mode-locked dye laser has been used to measure the frequency response of a multimodc fibre as a function of wavelength in the 850 nm region. The narrow spectral width of the dye laser gives an improved accuracy for large lengthbandwidth product fibres. The results are compared with those obtained using both pulsed and CW semiconductor lasers.


Summary 1. Identifying which age-specific demographic rates underlie variation in a population's growth rate ( λ ) is an important step towards understanding the population's dynamics. Using data from a 20-year study of marked individuals, we describe patterns of demographic variation and covariation in the Scottish red-billed chough population ( Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax ), and investigate which demographic rates have the greatest projected and realized influence on λ . 2. Survival, the probability of breeding and breeding success varied with age in this population. Data were sufficient to estimate year-specific probabilities of first-year, second-year and adult (all ages over 2) survival and mean breeding success. A population trajectory modelled using these parameter estimates closely matched census data, suggesting that estimates and simplifying assumptions were sufficient to accurately describe important demographic processes. 3. Elasticity analyses based on stage-classes for which year-specific survival was estimable suggested that λ was more elastic to variation in adult survival than first- or second-year survival or breeding success. These ranks were consistent across all 15 years for which λ could be estimated directly, although the elasticity of adult survival declined with population growth. 4. Survival and breeding success were positively correlated across years. λ remained most sensitive to adult survival when this demographic covariation was incorporated into elasticity analyses. 5. However, elasticities calculated from a fully age-structured model suggested that λ was more elastic to variation in first- and second-year survival than to survival at any individual older age class. These ranks were robust to realistic demographic variation, but sensitive to postulated patterns of demographic covariation. We emphasize that covariation should be measured and incorporated into elasticity analyses, and that estimated elasticities must be interpreted in the context of the way in which stage-classes are defined. 6. Of the demographic rates in which we quantified between-year variation, first-year survival varied most, followed by second-year survival, breeding success and adult survival. These rates consequently contributed more equally to variation in λ than elasticities predicted. Overall, variation in λ was caused primarily by variation in survival rather than breeding success, and variation in prebreeding survival accounted for 56% of the total variation in λ .


We examine in this paper the potential for (reforming the relations of social scientific research in Aotearoa. Drawing upon our experience of undertaking historical geographical research with and for Ngati-Toa Rangatira, we argue for the need to develop responsible geographies in Aotearoa. We suggest that the metaphors of 'crossing borders' and 'building structures' might offer one route into the development of such a responsible geography.


To detect and control the signs of potential accidents for the purpose of preventing vital accidents, it is currently in focus to systematically collect and analyze the information on incidents, which are a pre-stage of accident, and applying countermeasures, in various fields such as airlines and atomic power plants. In the railway field as well, it is one of the subjects at the Aircraft and Railway Accidents Investigation Commission which was newly opened in October 2001. From the standpoint of effective and efficient safety management of railway transport, this paper describes the definition of incidents, method of incident analysis, current situation in various fields, possibility of incident analysis, problems, etc. in railways.


This paper,urder the guidance of dialectical thinking,treats the essence of the slogan of the Beijing 2008 Olympics "the green Olympics,the Scientific and Technological Olympics,the Humane Olympics,"and exemplifies the inharmoniousness in all the past Olympics,and finally concludes that the Harmonious Olympics Beijing 2008 is an inevitable historical choice.


In March 1982 the fares on the London underground and buses
were doubled and became the highest transit fares in the world. The
preceding October, the socialist-dominated Greater London Council
had cut fares by 25 percent and had increased property taxes to
cover the lost revenue. This attempt to shift the costs from the relatively
poor (users of public transportation) to the relatively rich
(owners of property) failed when Britain's highest court ruled that
the tax increase was illegal. To make up lost revenues, the authorities
at London Transport doubled transit fares. Are the new fares fair?


Within online learning environments research, this paper identifies four remote-learning models that have characterised the use of the OpenMWS platform within the processes of selection, transcription, annotation and concordance-like searches characterising video corpus construction and analysis. They relate to student tasks such as the creation of video corpora ex novo when completing dissertations, traineeships, group project work and with remodelling existing video corpora to meet the needs of new audiences such as primary and secondary schoolchildren. The paper makes reference to how analytics records student interactions with the platform, an approach inviting students to reflect on their own learning trajectories.


Abstract Bearing displacement is a necessary monitoring index for a long-span bridge because abnormal bearing displacements could result from structural deterioration or damage. Therefore, an early...


The aim of the study was to determine the hepatropic viruses load on the natural sources of wastewater use of the industrial region. Methods. We investigated open water samples from places of water intake, which is later purified and used in consumer's drinking purposes; river water samples in resting places and samples of sewage from discharge to the environment places. We used EUSA method using sets of reagents for the detection of antigen of hepatitis A virus (HAV) HAV-antigen ELISA-Best (Russia), devices for the automatic washing of microplates and automatic record of the results using the immunoassay analyzer StatFax303 (Awareness Technology Inc., USA). Results. During 2000–2015 three peaks of the indication of HAV antigens' rise in river water and sewage samples were noted. In 2002–2003 in average 34.4 and 32.3 % of the sewage and river water samples were positive, in 2008 26.7 and 27.1 %, respectively. The third peak of HAV antigen detection in open water was observed in 2012, only 17.8 %. Wastewater has been losing viral antigens since 2008, in fact to 0 % in 2013– 2014. Conclusions. Aquatic ecosystem pollution by biological components occurs despite of primary treatment of wastewater. Drinking water contamination, which is used in everyday life, probably can be linked to an unsatisfactory condition of pipelines and laying of sewage supply.


The lightweight and non-corrosiveness of FRP panels are the main expected benefits of the application of the new materials in civil engineering.Because they can reduce dead weight of the superstructure and increase traffic load capacity,FRP bridge decks have a promising future in the construction of new bridge and the retrofit of old bridges.On the basis of brief description of the performance of FRP bridge decks,this paper reviewed the applications and research developments of FRP bridge decks.The design methods of FRP bridge decks were presented.Key problems existing in the FRP bridge decks and prospects of the material were pointed out.


In order to define the relation between yield behavior and yield criterion of bulk metallic glass (BMG), analysis and investigations have been carried out for interrelations between yield strengths and the angle which fracture plane deviates from the 45° plane of the maximum shear stress in tensile and compressive test of BMG. Tensile fracture angle is consistent with the result calculated by theory of disconnected slip line field and Mises yield condition. Compressive fracture angle is consistent with the result calculated by Coulomb yield condition. Conclusion: BMG obeys different yield criterions in different stress states. For tensile, it follows Mises criterion, and for compression, it follows Coulomb criterion.


The objective of this study was to characterize the dose response of the concentration of OP-1 in OP-1 Putty using an instrumented model of single level posterior-lateral vertebral transverse fusion in baboons. Iliac crest autograft was used as a positive control. Concentrations of OP-1 ranging between 0.33 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL (4-48 mg total) were used in the animals. Fusion was evaluated at 3 and 4 months after surgery.


Six population of brown sarson (Brassica campestris L.) which were complex multiple crosses in their second generation were selected on the basis of genetic, geographic and general combining ability divergence of their parents. In each population, early and late plants were selected and raised to their next generation. In the early and late progeny families, several plants were full-sibbed to produce early and late sib-populations, EE and LL. In addition, phenotypically superior (High) female plants were pollinated with mixed pollen from phenotypically superior (High) or inferior (Low) plants to produce 4 categories of intra-population crosses - Early high x Late high, Early high x Late low; Late high x Early high, Late high x Early low, EE and LL sib-populations registered significant yield advance compared to their original counterparts. But the yield advances recorded by intra-population selective mating were much higher and consistent. The extent of yield improvement was proportional to the initial genetic variability in the populations. The results suggest that disruption of mating between intermediate types even within a genetically broad-based population will be a potent method to breed for enhanced productivity.


ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of heating rate, oil chemical composition, and clay mineral type on thermokinetic behaviors of oil oxidation was investigated by TG and DTA tests. The results show that temperature intervals of reactions are extended and peak and burnout temperatures are shifted to higher values when increasing the heating rate. Heavier oil with more heavy components exhibits faster reaction rate and higher energy requirement in the low-temperature oxidation stage, and releases more heat in the high-temperature oxidation stage. The catalytic properties and surface area effect of clays can positively influence the high-pressure air injection process through forming more carbonaceous deposits and lowering the activation energy of reactions.


We evaluated the efficacy of endoscopic hemoclipping of bleeding gastric varices with regard to initial hemostasis. We reviewed 8 patients with bleeding gastric varices that were treated with endoscopic hemoclipping over a 9-year period. The clinical and endoscopic findings and the clinical courses were analyzed retrospectively. Initial hemostasis for gastric variceal bleeding was achieved with endoscopic hemoclipping in all 8 cases with no immediate postclipping hemostatic failure. Follow-up endoscopy one day after the initial hemostasis revealed no tissue injury at the gastric varices (such as ulceration around the hemoclips). There was no significant decrease in Child-Pugh class after hemoclipping. In 5 cases, additional treatments were required to eradicate gastric varices after the initial hemostasis with hemoclipping : 4 cases were treated with balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) and one case was treated with shunt-occluded endoscopic injection sclerotherapy. Three months after gastric variceal obliteration, endoscopic examinations revealed variceal eradication in all 5 cases. Endoscopic hemoclipping of bleeding gastric varices is a safe and efficient procedure to achieve initial hemostasis. B-RTO after initial hemostasis is an effective treatment for eradication of gastric varices.


Abstract Objective: The extraordinarily high bone densities identified in the hypoparathyroidism patients originating from PTH R25C mutation suggested the possibility that this modified protein has unique biologic effects and contributes to the gain of bone volume. Interestingly, western blot of cell lysates stably transfected with PTH R25C construct revealed that Cys25PTH(1–84) formed a dimer, presumably due to disulfide bonding of the cysteine residues. This study aims to study the characteristics of Cys25PTH(1–34) dimeric peptide (Dimer) both in vitro and in vivo for potential therapeutic application of Dimer as a novel anabolic agent. Methods: Identity of the chemically synthesized Dimer was confirmed by its molecular weight and purity using MS and HPLC, respectively. Basic characteristics, for example, ability to bind to PTHR and cAMP production were investigated using a variety of cells. In addition, the ligand-receptor internalization was investigated using TMR tagged Dimer. In vivo characteristics, such as calcemic and phosphatemic responses, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, were assessed in CD1 mice. The osteoanabolic effects of Dimer were assessed using a fracture-healing model, a calvarial-injection model and an OVX mouse model. Results:In vivo study showed that Dimer has similar calcemic and phosphatemic responses to PTH(1–34; WT). In cell assays, Dimer showed a similar cAMP production but slightly lower binding affinity compared to WT. Dimer-receptor complex was internalized into the cells. Surprisingly, Dimer showed a potent anabolic effect in the fracture-healing model in mice measured as the callus volume fraction by microCT. We also observed a comparable anabolic effect of Dimer in calvarial-injection model and OVX model. Conclusions: Dimeric Cys25PTH(1–84) peptide might play a substantial role in the high bone mass in hypoparathyroidism patients, originating from the PTH R25C mutation. This may be translated into the development of potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of osteoporosis and fracture healing using Dimer.


In professional boxing, a higher-ranked boxer chooses his opponent among challengers varying in popularity and strength. We build a three-stage model of a professional boxing fight between the chooser and a challenger to examine the strategic incentives of a chooser in sharing the purse and exerting a proper level of effort. More importantly, we endogenize the choice of the opponent and the purse to be generated. We found that an older chooser who is ready to cash in his reputation tends to choose a stronger opponent with little effort, while a young rising "star" prefers a match against weaker opponents.


This article examines the variable toll express lane project taking place on California State Route 91 in Orange County. It points out how automated toll collection has removed the technical and logistical barriers associated with congestion pricing.


By combining with the working experience,the paper introduces reasons,location of crack and their shapes for cracks on masonry structure,and explores some measures for preventing cracks in design,so as to improve the construction quality of the masonry structure and create better residential environment.


Ever since the earliest investigations along soil fertility lines, attempts have ,been made to devise methods which would show the amounts of the necessary plant-food constituents present in the soil in an available form. At first it was thought that a determination by chemical analysi s of the presence in the soil of the total amounts of the different elements used ,by plants would indicate the amounts available. But it was soon found that, although an element needed for plant growth might be present in the soil in a considerable amount, this would not necessarily mean that there would be an adequate amount present in such a form as to be available. In recent years many experiments have attempted to give an insight into the state in which the various elements must occur to be available to plants. It has been shown that plant food must be it~ solution to be able to pass through the membranes of the root hairs into the cell sap of the plant. Hence it has seemed evident that the plant food must be in soluti'.on in the soil moisture in order to be of use.to plants. This has led to the development of methods for the extraction of availaNe plant foods by the use of water. Among these, methods the more important ones involve leaching the soil with water, or shaking the soil with certain amounts of water for different lengths of time. It has been shown, however, that'these methods fall short of the objective sought, for it is known that plants take up much larger amounts of certain elements than arc found to be present when these water extracts are analyzed. The chief


T HOSE seeking to implant new ways of life and new social goals among dependent colonial peoples whose roots are still deep in their own cultural traditions are all too often handicapped by a lack of fundamental data bearing directly upon the problems of ends and means. One consequence is that well-intentioned plans for social changes go awry and fail, or fail to achieve full success. In some cases they may arouse active native opposition, or at the least may fail to win cooperation. In one respect plans for induced social change, increased development and social welfare can usefully be likened to military operations. They may fail or succeed, in whole or in part, according to the adequacy of the strategical concept, the appreciation of the task, the tactical plan and method, and the logistical support. One of the essential components of success is to approach the task by assessing and acting upon the most exact available information bearing on every stage of the projected operation. It has been a matter of notorious knowledge for a number of years that one of the most serious weaknesses of colonial administrations is the absence of adequate demographic data. Many well-merited criticisms of this administrative weakness have been offered. In at least one Pacific colonial administration there is a file in which a senior official records, not without pride, that he has effected a useful economy by dispensing with his statistician. To do colonial officials justice, however, a great majority realise how greatly their task would be assisted by proper statistical controls, and it is usually not the fault of the local administrations that for so long they have had to do their best without such aids. In view of the extensive plans for development and welfare which are taking shape in the Crown Colony of Fiji, it is a matter for congratulation that the excellent data of the Census of I946 are now reported to have been released. Through the courtesy of the Acting-Governor and the Commissioner of the Census, the author was able on the occasion of a recent visit to obtain advance copies of some of the more important sections of the report, It is in many ways the most significant


Based on the current situation of foundational laboratory of TV and the development of the majors,the essay probes into the construction of the labs from management,security,technical personnel building and so on.


Genistein is a natural compound from the class of isoflavonoids found in high concentrations in legumes and soybeans. In this experimental study; we suggest that genistein might cause favorable outcomes in the hepatic surgery because of its protective effects on hepatic ischemia‒reperfusion injury (Tab. 2, Fig. 6, Ref. 28). Keywords: genistein, isoflavonoids,legumes, soybeans, hepatic surgery, ischemia‒reperfusion injury.


To put forward the industrialization by means of informationization is a strategic decision made by the Party on the fifth plenary session of the 15th Central Committee of C.P.C. The author holds that information is a great power for the development of world economy and society. Therefore, it is a right decision to make the informationization as an impetus for the development of industrialization and modernization. The paper analyzes the feasibility of promoting the industrialization through informationization and puts forward specific measures of implementation.


This study was comparison of MGMT and ERBB2 expression in human gliomas. RT-PCR method was used to determine the mRNA levels ofMGMT and ErbB2 gene in 42 clinical glioma specimens,There was significant concordance between the expression of MGMT and ErbB2(p≪0.01). MGMT and ErbB are highly remarkably related each other. The results suggest that there may be in relationship among MGMT and ErbB2 expression in human gliomas which affect DNA repair resulting in drug resistance.


Singkawang is a multicultural city. Singkawang community famous multiethnic society consisting of Chinese, Dayak, Malay, and Madura (Cidayuma). The existence of ethnic diversity can cause various problems, such as conflicts, violence, separatism, and the loss of a sense of humanity to always respect the rights of others. Multicultural education should facilitate the learning process that transforms prejudice and all forms of discrimination to the perspective to appreciate the diversity and differences. This journal has been reviewing the literature of the same journal with articles on multicultural education. The first part of this study will introduce Cidayuma society, along with the conflicts that have occurred, and the introduction of multicultural education. The second part will discuss the importance of education-based multicultural conflict prevention for the community Cidayuma. Finally, the last part of this article will describe efforts to prevent conflict through community-multicultural based education Cidayuma in Singkawang.


Radio communication over Earth along mixed-paths in the HF band is a relevant subject today. In this communication, we present measurements of electric field propagating over sea water in HF Band compared to K.A. Norton, R.W.P. King and G. Millington's theories, thanks to a reliable measurement setup. The transmitting antennas are located on the coast while the receiver antenna is installed on a boat steering a constant course. The electric field measurements are carried out with a loop antenna and we measured the field strength attenuation versus distance between the transmitter and the boat along a sea water path. In order to take into account the media change (the coast and the sea water), Millington's solution has been added to King's and Norton's theories with the planar Earth model. The measurements performed at three frequencies (10 MHz, 20 MHz and 30 MHz) and the calculations are in a good agreement. At 10 MHz, the "smoothly" attenuation is shown and is very well correlated with the theory. The EM field decrease as 1/d2 has been clearly observed at 20 MHz and 30 MHz.


Sludge incineration residue has the features of large surface area and certain adsorption property with Ni2+.The effects of adsorption time,initial concentration of Ni2+,pH and the addition amount of sludge incineration residue on Ni2+ adsorption rate in wastewater were studied.The results showed that the adsorption property is the best under the conditions of initial mass concentration of Ni2+ 30 mg/L,pH 7.0,adsorption time 6 h and sludge incineration residue 10 g/L.


The author assumes that modern, Western constitutionalism, with its emphasis on individual rights, is not the only form of constitutionalism, understood as ideas of restrictions imposed on government activities, practiced throughout history. In the author's opinion, the current crisis of the dominant paradigm of constitutionalism is caused by the contradictions of liberal democracy. In this aspect, the author's analysis is based on the concepts of Antonio Gramsci, Chantal Mouffe, Ernesto Laclau and Claude Lefort. In the author's opinion, the described crisis may lead to permanent transformations and the emergence of new forms and paradigms of constitutionalism.


Microteaching plays very important roles in preparing (candidate) teachers to become professional since through practices on microteaching approach, basic teaching skills can be fully understood and practiced by the candidate teachers. Consequently, the teachers can achieve the effectiveness of teaching, that is, the accomplishment of goals and satisfactory learning outcomes. Kata kunci : pengajaran mikro, keterampilan dasar mengajar, guru profesional


The theory of "pore blocking" is often used, particularly in combination with percolation theory, to develop methods of analysis for gas sorption data for the structural characterization of porous media. However, the evidence for the existence of the pore-blocking effect is conflicting and equivocal. In the work described here mercury porosimetry experiments were integrated with gas sorption to detect the existence of pore-blocking effects during the desorption of nitrogen from a mesoporous sol−gel silica material at 77 K.


Abstract Although the electron transfer is a part of many important processes in biosystems that occur in the solution-phase, there is still no systematic theoretical study of the electron solvation enthalpies. The solvation enthalpies of the electron in different solvents of various polarities: benzene, toluene, acetone, methanol, ethanol, DMSO and water, are investigated. All calculations were performed by B3LYP, BHLYP and PBE approaches with aug-cc-pVDZ, aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, using the Integral Equation Formalism Polarized Continuum Model (IEF-PCM). The calculations show that the B3LYP and PBE functionals provide similar results. With the exception of benzene, toluene and DMSO, the differences in values for all solvents are lower than 6 kJ mol-1. The BHLYP solvation enthalpies are higher by 20-25 kJ mol-1 than the B3LYP ones.


Burger, Glenn, and Steven Kruger, eds. 2001. Queering the Middle Ages. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. $54.95hc. $19.95sc. 256 pp.Jacobs, Kathryn. 2001. Marriage Contracts from Chaucer to the Renaissance Stage. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. $59.95hc. 192 pp.Medieval Studies has often been perceived by those outside the field as a scholarly backwater, a mire of Byzantine languages and sub-disciplines so numerous that their mastery leaves little or no room for methodological sophistication. While innovative work can be found in many areas of the field, it is in the study of medieval sexualities that contemporary theoretical models and methodological trends have most often been developed. During the 1980s and early 1990s, for example, the study of female mysticism in the Middle Ages was especially innovative. This work on mysticism and sexuality fed off of and supported a related series of studies on gender and textuality that helped change the way medievalists practiced their discipline.No one should be surprised, then, to find that queer theory has for most of the 1990s found ardent practitioners among medievalists. Much like the place of queer theory in other disciplines, its presence in Medieval Studies has been both controversial and invigorating. In Before the Closet: Same Sex Love from Beowulf to Angels in America, Allen Frantzen, a leading scholar of same-sex love in pre-modern England, disparages queer theory as "a collection of methods and perspectives that pursue an aggressive politics of gay and lesbian liberation . . . merrily sweeping all work on the history of sex into its domain" (1998, 6). In contrast, Carolyn Dinshaw-who might fairly be deemed the most influential queer theorist working in medieval studies-sees in queer theory powerful models for engaging with history, models seeking "partial, affective connections . . . community . . . even a touch across time" (1999, 21). Despite the controversy surrounding it, the importance of queer theory as a central party to the discussion of medieval sexuality and its influence on the cultural products of the age can be easily understood by comparing two recent books devoted to that effort.Queering the Middle Ages, a collection of essays edited by Glenn Burger and Steven Kruger, and Kathryn Jacobs's Marriage Contracts from Chaucer to the Renaissance Stage, present two dramatically different approaches to the role of sexuality in medieval culture and to the understanding of what Medieval Studies ought to be. The distinction does not, as it might seem at first glance, lie in sexual preference: gay versus straight. I doubt that any of the contributors to Queering the Middle Ages would seriously challenge a book's usefulness simply because its primary focus was hetero- not homosexuality. Rather, what separates these books is a whole series of concerns about how medievalists should pursue their subject, regardless of whether or not that subject is gay, lesbian, or straight. In fact, history, and the relationship between the historical critic, the historical text, and the context within which that text originated form the core differences between these two studies. Historical practice, then, as much as sexuality, is at stake in these books and in the larger debate about the study of sexuality.Queering the Middle Ages celebrates the manifold possibilities of queerness (in the form of queer theory) as a positive presence in the community of medieval scholars. On this basis alone, it ought to find itself on many graduate reading lists. After a brief introduction (which could provide a better general introduction to queer theory), the book delivers three groups of essays, each group followed by a response essay. That the essays problematize the notion of queerness as much as they present it is apparent in the very first selection. Marilynn Desmond and Pamela Sheingorn's "Queering Ovidian Myths" opens with a tactical rejection of "queer theory" as a label for the theoretical work they are about to undertake. …


This paper analyzes the present situation of safety education in the university,points out its shortcomings,then describes the definition of new media technology and its development,points out its advantages in female college students' safety education,and finally puts forward the application countermeasures.


Industry 4.0 and industrial data processing, due to its inherent possibilities, is gaining more and more emphasis in production companies these days. In a corporate environment, the age of equipment is extremely heterogeneous, in addition to state-of-the-art equipment, legacy systems can also be found in the machine park, which do not have appropriate communication protocols. Also, with the increase in the number of data sources, the management of data is becoming more and more challenging. Not only the operational technology, but also the connection of different IT systems and the extraction of data pose challenges. The different data processing use-cases using partly or entirely the same data sources, so it is necessary to extract and transmit the data to the target systems in a standard way, and avoiding an increase in the number of point-to-point interfaces. In this work we present a possible framework, to solve the above mentioned problems in industrial environment, with the introduction of standardized naming conventions, OT/IT gateways, data integration and distribution layers.


: Pereskia aculeata Mill., popularly known as ora-pro-nobis and "poor meat", due to the protein content of the leaves, is considered a non-conventional food plant (UFPs). The objective of this work was the physicochemical characterization of P. aculeata leaves and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds in its extract. The leaves were lyophilized, and physical-chemical characterization was performed, determining moisture, proteins, ash, lipids and minerals. In order to evaluate the antioxidant potential and total phenolic compounds, ultrasound-assisted extraction in water was performed for 1 hour at 40, 60 and 80ºC. In P. aculeata leaves, significant amounts of proteins (18.56%) and minerals (15.17%) were found, mainly calcium (8,012.83 mg/100g) and potassium (10,693.80 mg/100g) and low concentrations of lipids (4.28%) and moisture (1.32%). The 1- hour ultrasound extraction (40 kHz, 132 W) at 60ºC was sufficient to obtain extracts with antioxidant potential (0.291 mg/mL) and high concentration of total phenolic compounds (4.209 mgGAE/100g). The results regarding the protein content and compounds with antioxidant properties indicate the use of P. aculeata leaves both as in natura food and the use of its extracts in industrialized food formulations to increase their nutritional value.


Helminths from wild animals are from time to time submitted to Onderstepoort for identification and comment. Among this material are two lots of worms from carnivores which are of particular interest. One lot contains an undescribed Rictularia sp. from a Genet which is remarkable for the number of worms, over 30, collected from a single host; as a rule the number of Rictularias collected from an individual animal is very limited consisting of no more than three or four specimens and then usually only females are present. The other lot from a mongoose is of interest because of the location of the worms—liver—and their number—about 60; this parasite also appears to be new to science.


This article is devoted to the problem of insufficient demographic growth in the KCR. The study identifies priority areas of socio-demographic development of the region


While the reasons for the failure of the groundnut scheme are well understood, its effects on colonial development in Tanganyika are not. Drawing from the voluminous paper trail that development planning leaves in its wake, this paper traces the effects of the groundnut scheme demise on a contemporaneous plan to build a railway across Tanganyika to the Northern Rhodesian copperbelt. Tensions arose among the railway planners – civil servants, politicians, and consultants from Britain, Africa, and the United States – when, midway through the planning process, the scale of the groundnut scheme collapse became public. I demonstrate how this revealing crisis prompted planners to eschew the project's production-oriented impetus and embrace a welfare-oriented conclusion. By demonstrating the interlinked nature of development projects, this paper proposes a new angle for studying the history of development in an era characterised by the rapid proliferation of projects.


In situations in which human rights abuses are related to corporate activities abroad the issue of international jurisdiction arises whenever the victim contemplates the judicial redress. The problem lays in the means to bring the corporation to justice where human rights abuses were committed in the context of business activity by a company established abroad, usually in a less developed country, and belonging to a transnational corporation originating from a developed country. While, for variety of reasons, the redress in the victim's home country may be ineffective, the access the justice in a developed country might not be as easy as desirable. The authors explore the options for establishing jurisdiction over such cases before Croatian courts focusing primarily on domestic provisions regarding jurisdiction by attraction and adhesive jurisdiction related to criminal proceedings.


Objective To study the features of the clinical radiology and pathology of burcellar spondylitis so that to improve the differential diagnosis level of this disease.Methods The imaging features of brucellar spondylitis proved by operation and pathology were retrospectively analysed comparatively with that of spinal tuberculosis.Results The lesions were all localized at lumbar spine and most of them was L4(87.50%).The imaging included involvement of edge portion of vetebral body,multiple and small bone destruction with osteosclerotic margins,having new bony destruction within osteosclerotic area,absence of sequester within lesion,no paraspinal abscess and involvement of intervertebral joints,intervertebral disc destruction slightly.While,in spinal tuberculosis,the intervertebral body and disc were mainly involved in company with sequesters and paraspinal abscess,and osteoporosis was mostly seen.Conclusion The brucellar spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis demonstrate their own special clinical imaging and pathological features,the differentiating diagnosis can be made between them.


Abstract Using rope techniques for access, we surveyed epiphytes on five Sitka spruce trees up to 92 m tall in an old-growth redwood forest. We quantified epiphyte diversity by sampling 5% of each tree's surface area of axes (branches >5 cm diameter) and branchlets (branches <5 cm diameter, including foliage). Epiphyte communities included 57 macrolichen, 15 crustose lichen, 17 bryophyte, and two fern species. The five most abundant species—Isothecium myosuroides, Polypodium scouleri, Polypodium glycyrrhiza, Lobaria pulmonaria, and Frullania nisquallensis—contributed 42.1, 13.3, 8.4, 6.7, and 4.7% of the total epiphyte biomass, respectively. There was an average of 36.2 kg of bryophytes, 9.9 kg of lichens, 12.7 kg of ferns, and 131 kg of associated dead organic matter per tree. Axes supported 83% of the biomass and 98% of the dead organic matter. At the whole-tree level, bryophyte biomass was 11.3 times higher and lichen biomass was 2.5 times lower on axes than branchlets. Ferns were restricted to axes. Ordination analysis revealed one dominant gradient in epiphyte composition that was positively correlated with height and lichen diversity, and negatively correlated with bryophyte diversity. Chlorolichens dominated the exposed portion of the gradient with equivalent amounts of cyanolichens and bryophytes. Mosses dominated the intermediate portion of the gradient with equivalent amounts of liverworts, cyanolichens, and chlorolichens. There was very little lichen cover in the sheltered portion of the gradient, which was dominated by bryophytes. Extensive bryophyte mats with large quantities of dead organic matter promote biological diversity on Sitka spruce in redwood forest canopies by storing water and serving as habitats for desiccation-sensitive organisms.


As people acquire knowledge, part of it becomes explicit and forms common domain. The other part is implicit and is unique for each person. These two types of knowledge can be represented as a fuzzy system with two types of rules. However, aggregation in this system of two types of rules, representing explicit and implicit knowledge can lead to inconsistency. The paper shows that using uninorm operators we can overcome these difficulties. Another problem that arises in knowledge acquisition is that usually fuzzy systems deal with predicates that can be represented as fuzzy sets, and this feature limits their application to representation and acquisition of human knowledge. It is shown that this problem can be resolved by extension of the above method to set-like alternatives that are present in a large part of human knowledge.


As the process of rule by law is advancing in China,rights conflict has become a common phenomenon.If we can not resolve the problem of rights conflict,modernization of rule by law will be affected.The rights conflict,as a legal phenomenon,is caused when the rights of both sides are contradictory or in conflict when they exercise their rights.The origin of conflict results from interests conflict,imperfection of legal system,fuzziness of rights.We should resolve rights conflict by legislation,private relief,judicial relief and so on.


An oral history of Lien Nguyen, a Vietnamese immigrant living in Orange County, CA. She was born in 1938 in Quy Nhon, Vietnam. The interview documents her life experiences from childhood into adulthood. According to Nguyen she lived a simple life in the countryside. Despite the travesties of war she was able to raise a family and eventually immigrated to the United States in the early 2000s. Lien Nguyen currently resides in a senior apartment home in Garden Grove.


Denitrification is a crucial process for the global nitrogen cycle through the reduction of nitrates by heterotrophic bacteria. Denitrifying microorganisms play an important role in eliminating fixed nitrogen pollutants from the ecosystem, concomitant with N2O emission. Although many microbial denitrifiers have been identified, little is known about the denitrifying ability of the genus Geobacillus. Here, we report the first complete genome sequences of Geobacillus subterraneus KCTC 3922, isolated from Liaohe oil field in China, and G. thermodenitrificans KCTC 3902. The strain KCTC 3922 contains a complete set of genes involved in denitrification, cofactor biogenesis, and transport systems, which is consistent with a denitrifying activity. On the other hand, G. thermodenitrificans KCTC 3902 exhibited no denitrifying activity probably due to the lack of molybdnumtransferase (moeA) and nitrite transporter (nirC) genes. Therefore, comparative genome analysis of Geobacillus strains highlights the potential impact on treatment of nitrate-contaminated environments.


Swarm Robotics (SR) faces a series of challenges impeding widespread adoption for real-world applications. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has shown it can solve a number of these challenges. An experiment was conducted to showcase the resolution of these challenges. A search and rescue mission was simulated using drones coupled with single board computers and several simulated agents. Inter-agent communications were facilitated through DLT in a completely decentralized network. A frontend interface was built to demonstrate the ease with which information can be extracted from the system. This paper shows the feasibility of the application of DLT to SR-related challenges in a practical experiment. For future work, it is proposed to focus on more complex tasks through federated learning or inter-swarm communications, possibly through Cosmos.


The main purpose of this article is to introduce a rare early manuscript of a baojuan (precious scroll; a genre of Chinese popular religious storytelling) text preserved in Russia and to demonstrate its importance in the history of this genre. The text in question is an incomplete (three of four volumes have survived) illustratedmanuscript entitledBaojuan of ReverendMaudgaly ayanaRescuingHisMother [so that she]EscapesHell and IsReborn in Heaven (Mujianlian zunzhe jiu mu chuli diyu sheng tian baojuan目犍連尊者救母出離地 獄生天寶卷; hereafter Baojuan of Maudgaly ayana). The manuscript is dated to 1440. Baojuan are prosimetric texts that were recited to a lay audience mainly for the purpose of religious instruction. At the earliest period of the history of this genre (ca. 13th–15th centuries), baojuanwere intended to propagate Buddhist doctrine, but as time passed various folk sects composed their own scriptures in baojuan form. Baojuan of Maudgaly ayana was originally kept in a private Russian collection, so it remained practically unknown to the Chinese and Japanese scholars doing research on baojuan. Although there are several studies published in China and Japan that pay considerable attention to early baojuan dealing with the Mulian story, their authors 1 The author would like to thank Professors Kira F. Samosyuk and Maria L. Menshikova of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, and Che Xilun 車錫倫 and Liu Zhen 劉禎 of The Chinese Academy of Arts (Zhongguo yishu yanjiu yuan 中國藝術研究院), Beijing, for their assistance while I was working on this article. 2 In the version of the title given at the end of the manuscript, the first five characters are replaced by ''Mulian'' 目連. 3 Most important are Zheng Zhenduo 鄭振鐸, Zhongguo su wenxue shi 中國俗文學史 (History of Chinese popular literature; Beijing: Dongfang chubanshe, 1996 reprint; 1st published, Changsha: Commercial Press, 1938), pp. 486–95; Liu Zhen劉禎, ''Mulian jiu mu yu baojuan xingcheng''目連救母 與寶卷形成 ([The story] ofMulian rescuing his mother and the formation of baojuan),Zhongguominjian Mulian wenhua 中國民間目連文化 (Chinese Mulian folk culture; Chengdu: Ba Shu shushe, 1997), pp. 241–57; Che Xilun車錫倫,Zhongguo baojuan yanjiu中國寶卷研究 (Research on Chinese Baojuan; Guilin: Guangxi shifan daxue, 2009), pp. 72–76 and 491–96; Yoshikawa Yoshikazu吉川良和, '''Ky u bo ky o' to 'Ky u bo h okan' noMokurenmono ni kansuru setsuch o gein o teki shiron''救母經と救母寶卷の目 連物に関する説唱藝能的試論 (Preliminary discussion of the storytelling art characteristics concerning the story of Mulian in S utra of Rescuing Mother and Baojuan of Rescuing Mother), Shakaigaku kenky u 社會學研究 (Studies in Social Sciences; annual bulletin of Hitotsubashi University) 41 (2003.2): 61– 135, and '''Ky u bo ky o' to 'Sei ten h okan' no seisho nendai sh oken'' 救母經と生天寶卷の成書年代商榷 (Discussion of the time of composition of the S utra of Rescuing Mother and the Baojuan of Rebirth in Heaven), Jinbun kenky u人文研究 (Studies in theHumanities [KanagawaUniversity]) 155 (2005.3): 9–43; Beata Grant and Wilt L. Idema, trs., Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of Mulian and Woman Huang (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011), ''Introduction,'' p. 9. CHINOPERL: Journal of Chinese Oral and Performing Literature 32.2 (December 2013): 109–131


Expanding agricultural water demand has led to the reuse of wastewaters for irrigation purposes. Left untreated, these reused wastewaters may contaminate agricultural land, plants, and thereby food products. Common contaminants include toxic metals, which are conservative within the soil‐ plant‐water system. The objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of widely available inexpensive sorbents in removing toxic metals from native wastewater through sorption capacity and provide a recommendation of best practices for low‐cost low‐tech treatment. Sugarcane bagasse, ground rice husk, and sawdust, were compared against the conventional metal removal techniques of activated carbon sorption and gypsum pH modification for chemical precipitation. Overall, bagasse, rice husk, and sawdust performed similarly but well below the performance of the activated carbon standard. The results indicate that locally available low‐cost materials show promise to be used as metal removal media where activated carbon is unavailable.


Sports business is an important part in modern economic and social development blueprint in each country.The trend of our sports business depends on economic and social development including the economic and social system of our sports business based on,the developing strategy followed in each historical phase,future population trend,the future economic development and social undertakings development.This paper,taking the strategy from the big sports country to sports power put forwarded by Chinese President HU Jin-tao,analyzes the demand of China economic and social development on sports business in future ten years and explores the future development direction and trend of our sports business.


A driverless vehicle automated transport vehicle in a mine trackless AND GUIDING such a vehicle system including a rail (19) mounted GUIDE ON THE CEILING, a physical medium TO DETECT AND CALCULATING REAL-TIME CHANGES IN ANGULO DISTANCE FROM CENTRAL AND LINE (61) ROAD VEHICLE WITH RESPECT TO THE IDEAL OF GUIDE AND A HALF TRACK ABOARD FOR PROVIDING AND PERFORMING VEHICLE ORDERS direction ACHIEVE vehicle position with respect to the guide rail.


This paper presents an overview of technology development highlights for 1997. This summer will see the Earth invading Mars as the United States renews its efforts to explore the Red Planet. Another beachhead in space will take shape in late 1997 as the assembly of the International Space Station starts after more than 10 years of planning. In the defense arena, technology of President Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative will move back to center stage as projects to build antimissile laser systems are revived. Moreover, aerospace companies will look toward designs and technologies for military and civil aircraft that will see the light in the 21st Century.


Combining science, philosophy, politics and economics, 'Thinking the Twenty-First Century' takes a provocative look at the changes required to build a new global political economy.
McIntosh charts five system changes essential to this transition: globality and Earth awareness; the rebalancing of science and awe; peacefulness and the feminisation of decision-making; the re-organisation of our institutions; and, evolution, adaptation and learning. That they are all connected should be obvious, but that they are written about together is less common. McIntosh argues that these five changes are already underway and need to be accelerated.


Abstract The synthesis of (L)-(-)-4″-(2-methylbutylphenyl) 4″-(2-methylbutyl)-4-biphenylcar-boxylate (CE2) and related chiral liquid crystals has been discussed by Gray and McDonnell. We present here the first synthesis of the enantiomer of CE2 and we use it to measure the temperature-chirality phase diagram of the biue phases of CE2. This diagram is compared with that obtained using the CE2 "racemate" containing nonen-antiomeric optical isomers of CE2. The synthesis of (R)-(+)-2-methylbutan-l-ol which has been developed will be broadly useful for the preparation of other chiral liquid crystals having optically active (R)-2-methylbutyl sidechains.


The aims of this research are (1) to produce the learning media with macromedia flash in the topic of digestion can be used; (2) to investigate illegibility the learning media with macromedia flash in the topic of digestion; and (3) to investigate the student's learning motivation by using learning media with macromedia flash in the topic of food digestion. The type of this research was a BorgG they are researching and collecting information; planning; developing the product; testing the product and dissemination. The early product was assessed and suggested by a media expert and a material expert and then it was revised. The revised product was assessed and suggested by reviewers, they were 5 science teachers in SMP N 1 Muntilan and then it was revised. The second revised product was assessed and suggested by one to one evaluation, small group evaluation and field testing. The research of students' learning motivation was done by 30 students with questionnaire of learning motivation then it was analised by gain score. The results of the research show that (1) learning media with macromedia flash in the topic of food digestion can be used as learning media and was categorized as very good in qualification. (2) Assesment of illegibility the learning media with macromedia flash in the topic of digestion by students was categorized very good in qualification. (3) The improvement the students' learning motivation had the gain score in fair category.


Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable uncontrolled growth, expansion to neighboring and distal tissues, and therapeutic resistance. The study of phylogenetic relationships between cancer cells provides key insights into these processes. Here, we introduced an evolving lineage-tracing system with a single-cell RNA-seq readout into a mouse model of Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven lung adenocarcinoma which enabled us to track tumor evolution from single transformed cells to metastatic tumors at unprecedented resolution. We found that loss of the initial, stable alveolar-type2-like state was accompanied by transient increase in plasticity. This was followed by adoption of distinct fitness-associated transcriptional programs which enable rapid expansion and ultimately clonal sweep of rare, stable subclones capable of metastasizing to distant sites. Finally, we showed that tumors develop through stereotypical evolutionary trajectories, and perturbing additional tumor suppressors accelerates tumor progression by creating novel evolutionary paths. Overall, our study elucidates the hierarchical nature of tumor evolution, and more broadly enables the in-depth study of tumor progression.


In the conventional optics, the Pseudo-Brewster Angle (PBA) mainly depends on the permittivity of the optical materials. However, the recent development of metamaterials in the optical wavelength has put magnetic permeability on equal footing. Thus, the conventional PBA should be revisited to include the permeability for metamaterial applications in the optical region. By taking into account the loss and anisotropy of the metamaterials, we present the explicit expressions of PBA in terms of complex permittivity and permeability through rigorous analysis. Based on the PBA, some interesting phenomena and potential applications are discussed.


XC1 has established links to other research activities and consortia on model comparison and improvement. They include the global initiatives AgMIP ( http://www.agmip.org ) and GRA (http://www.globalresearchalliance.org), and the EU-FP7 project MODEXTREME ( http://modextreme.org ). These links have allowed sharing and communication of recent results and methods, and have created opportunities for future research calls.


The immune checkpoint inhibitor avelumab showed promising antitumor activity and a manageable toxicity profile in patients with platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma, according to a new analysis.


This paper deals with the difficult task of recognition of a large vocabulary of proper names in a directory assistance application. After a presentation of the related work, it introduces a methodology for rescoring the N-best hypotheses generated by a first step recognition. First experiments give encouraging results and several topics for future research are presented.