By utilizing and modifying the theories of D. K. Price and David Guston,I probe into performance and function of the main acting bodies such as the reigning party,administrative service and science institutions in the institutionalized process of Chinese science after People's Republic of China was founded. By this means,some special aspects of Chinese science are discussed.The changing drive and character is analyzed,and the network of national research institutions,national industrial research institutions,science associations and national administrations for science and technology is discussed from an historical point of view. The period from 1949 to 1966 can be divided into three phases:the contract between science and politics was founded from 1949 to 1953,which had defects in regard to the communication of the Party and scientists; then the framework of the Institutionalization of Chinese Science was adjusted according to Mao's mind of learning science and technology from Soviet Union from 1954 to 1956,when every side made a concession; finally the political power and the science autonomy came to a dynamic balance by games from 1957 to 1966,when the relations between the Party,administrative service and science institutions became the sustainable framework of "Principal-Agent/ Principal-Agent'Mt is concluded that science institutionalization is a dynamic process from simplified "principal-agent" theory to a multiple actors model. This case study about China is an attempt to contribute to the development of the"principal-agent" theory.


Review(s) of: Feminist Politics: Identity, Difference and Agency, by Deborah Orr, Dianna Taylor, Eileen Kahl, Kathleen Earle, Christa Rainwater and Linda Lopez McAlister (Eds), (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007), xi + 274 pp.


We examine the performance of high-speed non-directed infrared links using L-pulse-position modulation (L-PPM). When used with intensity modulation and direct detection, L-PPM leads to high average-power efficiency, because of its high peak-to-average power ratio. We derive an expression for the BER of an L-PPM link on an ISI channel. Using the measured characteristics of multipath indoor infrared channels, we calculate BER curves and ISI power penalties for 2-, 4-, 8- and 16-PPM links operating at 10 and 30 Mb/s. Our results indicate that L-PPM is a very promising modulation technique for high-speed non-directed infrared communication.<<ETX>>


Correspondence Anesthesiology 2019; 130:507–21 509 Copyright © 2018, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.(Anesthesiology XXX; XXX:00–00) DG: CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010; 340:c869 3. Brookes ST, Whitely E, Egger M, Smith GD, Mulheran PA, Peters TJ: Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: Risks of subgroup-specific analyses; Power and sample size for the interaction test. J Clin Epidemiol 2004; 57:229–36 4. Kumakura S, Yamaguchi K, Sugasawa Y, Murakami T, Kikuchi T, Inada E, Nagaoka I: Effects of nitrous oxide on the production of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium during anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:1643–8


To find out the influence of electroplating nickel on the graphite surface on the properties of diamond bit matrix,the Ni-coated graphite/matrix composite material is prepared by the hot-press method.Then,the change of the interface between the graphite and the matrix is observed by the scanning electron microscope before and after electroplating nickel on the graphite.And the influence of electroplating nickel on the graphite surface on the bending strength and Rockwell hardness of the composite materials are studied.Besides,the influence of electroplating nickel on the graphite surface on the friction coefficient and friction loss of the composite materials while rubbing against granite without coolant is studied.The results show that after electroplating nickel on the graphite,the bending strength between the graphite and the matrix is improved greatly,and the whole performance of the composite materials also improved.As a result,the bending strength and the Rockwell hardness of the composite materials are improved,but the friction coefficient of the friction pair and the friction loss of the composite materials are improved.These show that to electroplate nickel on graphite improves the physical and mechanical properties of the Ni-coated graphite/matrix composite material and decreases its dry friction and friction behavior.


In this paper we publish and translate three versions of the so-called Book XIV of Euclid's Elements : one in Greek, two in arabic. This book deals with the comparison of two of the regular polyhedra, dodecaedron and icosahedron. It derives from a monography by Hypsicles, a geometer who lived in the first half of the second century B.C. We examine the history of this text from Antiquity to Middle-Ages, arabic and latin, its relationships with Euclid, Apollonius, Aristaios and Pappus. We compare the different versions, Greek, Arabic and arabo-Latin and we try to understand the very complex processus of transmission. As a study case, it can help also for the history of the transmission of Euclid's Elements themselves. The first part contains the general history of Book XIV-XV and the Greek tradition of Book XIV and his scholia (Greek text, french translation).


Intra-articular fractures of the elbow joint are severe for the treatment of damage. Methods of treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus are  immersion osteosynthesis with spokes and screws, bone and transosseous osteosynthesis. However, the percentage of complications and unsatisfactory outcomes of surgical treatment of these injuries remains high. The unsatisfactory results of  treatment include contractures, ossification, post-traumatic arthrosis, as well as purulent-inflammatory complications of surgical treatment. Our accumulated experience of osteosynthesis of intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus with the help of submersible implants, experience of hardware treatment of joint injuries and their consequences (developed in the Department of Adult Orthopedics of the National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics named after N.N. Priorov), allowed us to offer surgical techniques for the combined use of these methods. The article presents a case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with a comminuted intra-articular fracture of the distal humerus by osteosynthesis with bioresorbable implants in combination with a hinge-distraction apparatus for  external fixation by  O.V.  Oganesyan. A detailed description of the technique of osteosynthesis, postoperative rehabilitation is given. The described clinical case shows the effectiveness of the combined osteosynthesis technique and the advantages of using bioresorbable fixators over metal implants.


Abstract The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of crystallizable polyphenylacetylene prepared near room temperature in the presence of ferric acetylacetonate and triethylaluminum was determined through use of fractions characterized by vapor pressure osmometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The number- and weight-average molecular weights (M n and M w) are both less than the molecular weight corresponding to the maximum of the weight distribution function, which lacks a high molecular weight tail. M wandM n is less than is consistent with models allowing for chain termination characteristic of vinyl polymers. GPC elution volumes are much less than those characteristic of polystyrene of similar molecular weight, and the Mark-Houwink exponent is high (2.4 for M v 4800 to 6800). These data indicate more rodlike behavior than for polystyrene of equivalent molecular weight. The MWD and other data suggest intramolecular chain termination, possibly associated with the molecule's tendency to form para...


This article considers a box-constrained global optimization problem for Lipschitz continuous functions with an unknown Lipschitz constant. The well-known derivative-free global search algorithm DIRECT (DIvide RECTangle) is a promising approach for such problems. Several studies have shown that recent two-step (global and local) Pareto selection-based algorithms are very efficient among all DIRECT-type approaches. However, despite its encouraging performance, it was also observed that the candidate selection procedure has two possible shortcomings. First, there is no limit on how small the size of selected candidates can be. Secondly, a balancing strategy between global and local candidate selection is missing. Therefore, it may waste function evaluations by over-exploring the current local minimum and delaying finding the global one. This paper reviews and employs different strategies in a two-step Pareto selection framework (1-DTC-GL) to overcome these limitations. A detailed experimental study has revealed that existing strategies do not always improve and sometimes even worsen results. Since 1-DTC-GL is a DIRECT-type algorithm, the results of this paper provide general guidance for all DIRECT-type algorithms on how to deal with excessive local refinement more efficiently.


A result of global asymptotic stability of a class of wireless communication systems in agricultural engineering is given by means of the method of Liapunov function.


The launching loss for waves in the gyrotron travelling-wave amplifier has been calculated by a method similar to that for the classical traveling-wave tube. The maximum loss is comparable that for the TWT but increases as cyclotron frequency is increased past the guide cut-off frequency. The loss also varies substantially with signal frequency, being least at the edges of the passband for growing-wave gain.


Abstract Amidst a wide range of complex social issues and public governance challenges, both in the United States and internationally, there is an increasing interest in the public sector around the idea of social innovation, particularly design-based social innovation. There has been a proliferation of sites and spaces ("public innovation places") in which designers have joined a multiplicity of actors all working to innovate new approaches to the provision of public goods. To train future designers adequately to operate within this new environment, it is imperative to rethink the ways in which we as design educators think through and approach issues of social and political complexity, and how we frame those in the context of studio projects. For the past five years, the Parsons DESIS Lab has been working through this question focusing on design for social innovation, dealing with community organizations, not-for-profits and the public sector to build new capacities, skillsets, and roles for design practitioners in order to position them as contributing agents of change. In this article we discuss the pedagogical opportunities, limits, and difficulties around the training of future transdisciplinary designers and thinkers seeking to address a range of complex social and political issues and willing to operate within the interstitials spaces between government, civil society, and the market, where new social innovations may arise. To do so, we will focus on a Fall 2013 studio course taught at Parsons Transdisciplinary Design MFA Program entitled "The NYC Office of Public Imagination". The challenge was for students to design a hypothetical governmental agency, find a place for it inside the existing structure and parameters of city government, and imagine what that agency would do using design as a catalyst for social innovation.


Abstract. Chemistry transport models determine the evolving chemical state of the atmosphere by solving the fundamental equations that govern physical and chemical transformations subject to initial conditions of the atmospheric state and surface boundary conditions, e.g., surface emissions. The development of data assimilation techniques synthesize model predictions with measurements in a rigorous mathematical framework that provides observational constraints on these conditions. Two families of data assimilation methods are currently widely used: variational and Kalman filter (KF). The variational approach is based on control theory and formulates data assimilation as a minimization problem of a cost functional that measures the model-observations mismatch. The Kalman filter approach is rooted in statistical estimation theory and provides the analysis covariance together with the best state estimate. Suboptimal Kalman filters employ different approximations of the covariances in order to make the computations feasible with large models. Each family of methods has both merits and drawbacks. This paper compares several data assimilation methods used for global chemical data assimilation. Specifically, we evaluate data assimilation approaches for improving estimates of the summertime global tropospheric ozone distribution in August 2006 based on ozone observations from the NASA Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer and the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model. The resulting analyses are compared against independent ozonesonde measurements to assess the effectiveness of each assimilation method. All assimilation methods provide notable improvements over the free model simulations, which differ from the ozonesonde measurements by about 20 % (below 200 hPa). Four dimensional variational data assimilation with window lengths between five days and two weeks is the most accurate method, with mean differences between analysis profiles and ozonesonde measurements of 1–5 %. Two sequential assimilation approaches (three dimensional variational and suboptimal KF), although derived from different theoretical considerations, provide similar ozone estimates, with relative differences of 5–10 % between the analyses and ozonesonde measurements. Adjoint sensitivity analysis techniques are used to explore the role of of uncertainties in ozone precursors and their emissions on the distribution of tropospheric ozone. A novel technique is introduced that projects 3-D-Variational increments back to an equivalent initial condition, which facilitates comparison with 4-D variational techniques.


A large number of mobile multimedia terminals are prominent features of smart cities. Device-to-device (D2D) communication takes advantage of the limited bandwidth resources of cellular networks to accommodate more mobile devices. However, when D2D pairs reuse cellular users channels, serious interference leads to energy consumption, which dissatisfies the requirements of green communication. This paper focuses on energy efficiency maximization of D2D communication under the constraints of both D2D pairs and cellular users quality of service. The formulated resource allocation problem is NP-hard, which is usually difficult to solve within polynomial time. To make the problem easy to handle, we divide it into power control and channel allocation sub-problems. In particular, we propose a power control algorithm based on the Lambert W function to maximize the energy efficiency of a single D2D pair. The preference values of D2D pairs and cellular users are calculated using the power control results, respectively. A channel allocation scheme based on the Gale–Shapley algorithm utilizes preference values to match two sides, which aims at maximizing the signal to interference plus noise ratio of cellular users and the energy efficiency of D2D pairs. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm could not only guarantee the transmission rate of cellular users but also improve the system and D2D pairs energy efficiency.


This paper studies the environmental pollution caused by non-ionizing electromagnetic waves from wireless technologies in outdoor environments through the recording of indicators such as electric field strength, magnetic field strength, power density and exposure time to base stations of mobile telephony in the frequencies between 10 MHZ and 8 GHz. The general objective of this research is to estimate the environmental pollution caused by this type of electromagnetic waves by selecting a densely populated study area within an urban zone that has an EBTM in its extension, and the establishment of the magnitudes of non-ionizing electromagnetic wave parameters in outdoor environments. The methodology followed was the establishment of the area and the points to be sampled and data collection of variables such as electric field intensity (mV/m), magnetic field strength (mA/m), power density (µW/m2) and exposure time (T) to EBTM. The information collected during the practice stage was processed through the application of software. Finally, statistical analysis of information was carried out. This study concludes that the estimation of environmental pollution by non-ionizing electromagnetic waves caused by wireless technologies in outdoor environments varies according to the distance to the EBTM, topographic conditions of the study area, and density and typology of surrounding buildings.


Objective
To investigate the relationship among metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate in Guangzhou male patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods
A total of 139 BPH patients aged below 60, who completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire, digital rectal examination (DRE) , prostate ultrasound and anthropometric measurements (including height, weight, and blood pressure) at our hospital between January 2005 to December 2011, were included in the study. According to the 2005 Guidelines of US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (NCEP- ATP Ⅲ) , patients were divided into the metabolic syndrome group (n=104) and non- metabolic syndrome group (n=45). The two groups of BPH patients were monitored and compared for prostate- related indicators such as mean IPSS score, voiding symptom, storage symptom, quality of life, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) , prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate, as well as MetS components such as height, body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) , total cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG) , high- density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) , body mass index (BMI) , systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Linear correlations between MetS components (such as height, body weight, FBG, HDL-C, TG, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressures) and prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate were tested.

Results
The two groups of BPH patients showed statistically significant differences in IPSS score, voiding symptom score, storage symptom score, quality of life, Qmax, prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate, mean body weight, FBG, TC, TG, HDL- C, BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures (all P<0.05). In patients with MetS, the patient age, BMI, FBG and HDL- C were significantly correlated with and total prostate volume (r1=0.242, r2= 0.264, r3=0.406, and r4=- 0.341, all P<0.05) and annual prostate growth rate (r5=- 0.424, r6=0.144, r7= 0.427, and r8=- 0.060, all P<0.05).

Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome is very common in patients with BPH, and is closely correlated to total prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate in Chinese males aged below 60 years.

Key words:
Metabolic syndrome; Prostatic hyperplasia; Prostate volume; Annual prostate growth rate


591 Background: Current approaches of neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NAET) are focusing on biomarker analysis of the diagnostic specimens. One of the important things in neoadjuvant treatment is to determine the in-vivo responsiveness to the agent. Little is known regarding biomarker changes in specific agents and the association with biomarker changes and treatment duration. A pilot study was conducted to investigate the differences of biomarker changes in short-term NAET (letrozole vs. exemestane) and also the difference in treatment durations of each AI. Methods: Totally 120 samples from 60 postmenopausal women with ER positive HER2 negative stage 1-3 breast cancers in NAET comparing letrozole (LET) and exemestane (EXE) were analyzed with pre- and post-treatment mRNA expression of ERα, ERβ, PR, HER2, Ki67, PIK3CA, and MAPK using QuantiGene Assay. Thirty-one patients took letrozole 2.5mg daily and 29 did exemestane 25mg daily until the surgery (median duration 22 days). Statistical tests were two-sided....


The invention provides a method and a device for enabling a mobile terminal and a smart card to be compatible with different network systems. The method comprises the following steps: forwarding a boot file reading request sent by the mobile terminal to the smart card; determining and recording the network system of the mobile terminal according to the address information of a boot file in the boot file reading request; and sending boot file information to the mobile terminal after the boot file information returned back by the smart card is received. In the invention, the purpose that an extending card is compatible with the mobile terminal and the smart card having the different network systems at the same time is achieved.


When a p-group G acts on a manifold, the behavior of the cohomology of the subgroups of G singles out a special collection of fixed point sets of these subgroups. A bound on the size of the spaces in this collection is derived using equivariant cohomology. For a special class of nonabelian p-groups this bound is strong enough to require that certain fixed point sets must vanish. Application of this bound to a linear representation of G yields a lower bound for the cohomology of G. 0. Introduction. The use of equivariant cohomology to generalize Smith theory was begun by A. Borel in [1]. This use of equivariant cohomology was further extended by G. Bredon in [2] and W.-Y. Hsiang in [5] and [6]. Here we derive a generalization of Smith theory which applies to all p-groups. In [9], D. Quillen calculated the Krull dimension of the cohomology ring of finite group G. This suggests that we isolate a certain collection Fo of the fixed point sets of the subgroups of G when G acts on a manifold M. When G is a p-group, repeated applications of the Thom isomorphism allow us to derive a bound on the equivariant cohomology of M. More applications of the Thom isomorphism produce a bound on the size of the fixed point sets in Fo. When G = Z this becomes the usual Smith theory estimate. For certain nonabelian p-groups we obtain new information which is strong enough to cause some of the possible types of fixed point sets to vanish. For these groups we further strengthen the estimate on Fo by globalizing a technique used in [7]. Given a real representation r of G we have an action of G on a sphere si. Now we know that the fixed point sets in Fo are spheres and we can convert the bound on Fo into information about the cohomology of G. Several examples of such calculations are done. 1. Two cohomology invariants. For the purposes of this paper a manifold M will be a smooth compact manifold, with or without boundary. A submanifold F of M will be required to meet the boundary of M transversely. If F is a Received by the editors July 8, 1975. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 18H10, 20J99, 55C35; Secondary 54H15, 55F40, 57E99.


In this paper, we perform stability and bifurcation analysis of ion‐acoustic waves in a plasma consisting of warm adiabatic positive and negative ions, evolving against a uniform background of isothermal electrons. The model consists of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations incorporating ion temperature, negative ion concentration and negative‐to‐positive ion mass. We derive the normal form of bifurcation which allows the determination of travelling wave solutions for various regions in the parameter space of warm negative ion plasmas. It is shown that negative/positive ion temperature broadens the region prior to the saddle‐node bifurcation, thereby allowing the propagation of solitary and supernonlinear periodic waves. For a range of ion mass ratio and ion temperature, we find different existence domains of stability region, and examine the occurrence of transcritical bifurcation as a function of various plasma parameters. Further, we perform a numerical phase portrait analysis of the complex system including homoclinic orbits, nonlinear periodic and super nonlinear periodic orbits. The effects of ion mass ratio and ion temperature on the characteristic of these nonlinear structures are discussed in detail. Our results are relevant to wave solutions in laboratory and space plasmas, where simultaneous presence of warm negative/positive ions are observed.


Barter has emerged to alleviate capital pressure, maximize the circulation of goods, and facilitate the disposal of excess inventory. This study considers a two-level supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a capital-constrained retailer with trade credit, in which the retailer exchanges unsold products for needed subsidiary products on a barter platform. The retailer's optimal order quantity and the manufacturer's wholesale price are derived, and the influences of barter and other factors on the equilibrium strategy and performance of the supply chain are examined; these results are verified and supplemented by numerical simulation. We find that the retailer can increase profit by bartering when facing highly uncertain demand, that the retailer's optimal order quantity increases with the supply rate and demand for subsidiary products, and that both manufacturer and retailer benefit from the high supply rate of subsidiary products. However, barter induces the manufacturer to raise the wholesale price to prevent its profit from being harmed. In addition, the manufacturer suffers from the retailer's initial capital.


This article discusses exclamative utterances that have the form of Y/N questions with no wh-phrase present but only the finite verb in initial position. It will be shown that they cannot be captured by a purely pragmatic 'reinterpretation' of Y/N questions. This result implies that verb-initial structures are syntactically ambiguous. An alternative to the traditional view on clause types as features/operators in the C-domain, triggering V-C movement, will be suggested. V-C movement marks syntactically all those structures that correspond to non-assertive speech acts. The structures are disambiguated by non-syntactic means like intonation and/or lexical triggers.


Background:  As a result of legislative changes to the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth), Australian health practitioners in the private sector are now permitted to use or disclose patients' genetic information, without their consent, in circumstances where the health practitioner reasonably believes that doing so is necessary to lessen or prevent a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative.


The nitridation process of Eu-doped AEAlSi (AE=Ca and/or Sr) was investigated by thermogravimetry–differential thermal analysis to improve the method for synthesis of AEAlSiN3:Eu2+ nitride phosphors. The nitridation reactivity was dependent on alkaline earth elements. For SrxEuyCa1−x−yAlSi with a high Sr content, nitridation proceeded efficiently at 1100°–1150°C, close to the melting point of the intermetallic compounds. As nitridation of Si or Al intermetallics usually proceeds via the diffusion-controlled surface reaction, sudden rupture of the diffusion barrier, the surface nitride layer, at the melting point could cause a marked change in the reaction rate and dependence on nitrogen partial pressure. The order of reactivity at temperatures close to the melting point agreed with the order of vapor pressure of alkaline earth elements at the melting point. A highly efficient process for large-scale production of SrxCa1−xAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphor was developed taking advantage of the characteristic nitridation reaction at the melting point.


ABSTRACT The ongoing advances and prevalence of technology in football is spurring a more prominent role for technology and data in driving decisions and practice. Sports science practitioners naturally play an integral part in the adoption of these technologies and are among the most enthusiastic proponents of a data-driven approach that promotes objective metrics and seeks to minimise or eliminate subjectivity. With the speed of these developments, there are a number of pitfalls that have been overlooked. In this commentary we describe the pervasive forces driving the adoption of technology solutions and critically examine the logic underpinning the present drive for metrics-based practice in football. In addition to highlighting some important gaps in what we are presently able to capture, we uncover some common flaws in how we implement new technology and use data. We propose that there is a fundamental need to reframe how we are seeking to employ data and more specifically make the necessary switch from being data-driven to data-informed. We propose some solutions to assist practitioners in being purposeful in their use of these tools and leverage the benefits of technology and data in a way that better supports decision-making and complements coaching practice.


During the last decades, location based services have become very popular and the developed indoor positioning systems have achieved an impressive accuracy. The problem though is that even if the only requirement is room-level localization, those systems are most of the times not cost-efficient and not easy to set-up, since they often require time-consuming calibration procedures. This paper presents a low-cost, threshold-based approach and introduces an algorithm that takes into account both the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons and the geometry of the rooms the beacons are placed in. Performance evaluation was done via measurements in an office environment composed of three rooms and in a house environment composed of six rooms. The experimental results show an improved accuracy in room detection when using the proposed algorithm, compared to when only considering the RSSI readings. This method was developed to provide context awareness to the international research project named SmartHeat. The projects aims to provide a system that efficiently heats a house, room by room, based on the habitants' habits and preferences.


Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. A proportion of patients cannot undergo surgery due to comorbid conditions and — in this situation — radical radiotherapy may be an alternative method of treatment. Compared with conventional photon irradiation proton beam treatment — either three-dimensional conformal or intensity-modulated radiation therapy — allows for dose escalation with reduction of the dose delivered to normal tissues. Proton beam therapy is safe and effective for treating patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Clinical studies confirm the feasibility of proton irradiation for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancers and further trials are being performed in locally advanced tumors. In this paper, we present the physical aspects and the preliminary data from dosimetric and clinical studies for proton beam therapy in stage I–III non-small-cell lung cancer on the basis of the available literature.


We propose an application of DC-net called Layered DC-net for encouraging the reporting of wrongdoing in social groups. A social group is a set of individuals, structured into layered subgroups. Individuals are divided into subgroups called lower groups. One of the individuals in each lower group is a representative who has authority and responsibility for the lower group. The set of all representatives from all lower groups is called the upper group. In social groups, wrongdoing (e.g., bullying in schools) occasionally occurs. If individuals in a lower group discover wrongdoing, they should report it to their representative. Meanwhile, all representatives are responsible for settling wrongdoing. However, once individuals reporting such wrongdoing and their representative are identified, the payoffs for both are smaller than those for individuals who do not report it. We focus on reporting bullying in a school as an example of reporting wrongdoing in social groups. By using game theory, we formulate a game among bystanders of bullying in a lower group and another game among teachers in the upper group. We evaluate the games with and without the Layered DC-net. The results show that the Layered DC-net implements the Nash equilibria that encourage the reporting of wrongdoing in both lower and upper groups and settles wrongdoing in the social group.


The area of sensor network has a long history and many kind of sensor devices are used in various real life applications. Here, we introduce Wireless sensor network which when combine with other areas then plays an important role in analyzing the data of forest temperature, bioinformatics, water contamination, traffic control, telecommunication etc. Due to the advancement in the area of wireless sensor network and their ability to generate large amount of spatial/temporal data, always attract researchers for applying data mining techniques and getting interesting results. Wireless sensor networks in monitoring the environmental activities grows and this attract greater interest and challenge for finding out the patterns from large amount of spatial/temporal datasets. These datasets are generated by sensor nodes which are deployed in some tropical regions or from some wearable sensor nodes which are attached with wild animals in wild life centuries. Sensor networks generate continuous stream of data over time. So, Data mining techniques always plays a vital role for extracting the knowledge form large wireless sensor network data. In this paper, we present the detection of sensor data irregularities, Sensor data clustering, Pattern matching and their interesting results and with these results we can analyze the sensor node data in different ways.


The proportion of application-oriented universities is the highest among the six categories of universities in China, which is also the main orientation of talent cultivation in newly-built local undergraduate universities in China. The construction of new engineering provides a new driving force for the cultivation of applied talents of chemical engineering majors. It is an important content of teaching reform research to achieve the goal of talent training Curriculum construction and an important way to guarantee the quality of talent training. This paper makes a beneficial attempt to the construction of application-oriented personnel training-taking chemical simulation calculation as an example. 应用型人才培养中的课程建设-以化工模拟计算为例


Laser surgery system comprising: a laser source suitable for generation of laser light, to cause photodisruption; an optical module to direct the laser light from the laser source to a target tissue of a patient and to focus; a laser control module that controls the laser source to supply a pattern of laser pulses in a desired order and to control the optical module to adjust the direction of the laser light; a patient support module that keeps the patient; and a positioning control module that controls the orientation and positioning of the patient support module relative to the laser beam path, wherein said positioning control module is operable to adjust the patient-support module, so that the path of laser-induced gas bubbles in a fabric free from the laser beam path of the laser light is.


A multidisciplinary approach to preliminary airplane design is seen as one of the
major improvements for future design tasks. Several approaches can be found in the
literature. The key to a multidisciplinary approach is a central model that contains
all data and is accessible for all domains. The goal of this work is to analyze three
different models in respect to their benefits for data integration in preliminary airplane
design. The models are Cpacs, developed at the Dlr, Step, published by the Iso, and
the Uml, released by the Omg. For this purpose a lexical overview of the important
terms is given. Additionally several methods for the classification of information are
introduced and requirements for information models are set up. The main part of the
work is contributed to the analysis of the different models. A conclusion is drawn that
suggests a solution for a future information model using a combination of the Uml /
SysML and Xml. Subsequently a prototype for a converter tool, that processes Cpacs
data to Step is developed. The converted geometry data of the Attas Vfw 614 is used
for validation and shows the quality of the tool.


Research purposes: There are many existing railways in Qinshan Area,and it is difficult to rebuild the existing stations.However,the existing railway network conflicts with the city development plan,and Leading Tianjin-Qinhuangdao Passenger Dedicated Line not only faces the existed problems,but also needs consideration of the city long-term development plan.This paper studies the scheme of leading Tianjin-Qinhuangdao Passenger Dedicated Line into Qinshan area and sums up the experience in this field.Research conclusions:Base on the technical and economical analyses of all key influence factors on leading the line into the area,the recommended scheme of leading Passenger Railway leading into Qinshan area is given in this paper,including the necessary modification of the existing railway lines.


IntroductionThe S-curve is prone to an oversimplified understanding that it represents the physical limitations of technology. Henderson (1995) suggested that the S-curve does not naturally rise to the level of physical limitations of technology, but it is socially shaped. Specifically, Foster (1986) defined it as the function that expresses the relation between the amount of effort expended toward performance improvement and its outcome. The magnitude of the effort expended on performance improvement depends on the company as well as social factors. This paper analyzes patent applications for the glass industry's float process from 1954 through 2015 to demonstrate that the resulting S-curves are shaped by social factors.MethodThis paper assesses trends in research and development of the float process technology. From Japan Platform for Patent Information (J-PlatPat), we gathered information and classified it as main group C03B18/00 (glass formation in contact with the surface of a fluid) of FI (Japan Patent Office's sub-classification of the international patent classification). This main group includes FI 18/00, 18/02, 18/04, 18/06, 18/08, 18/10, 18/12, 18/14, 18/16, 18/18, 18/20, and 18/22.We searched the J-PlatPat over the entire period without time conditions to best understand the float process. The "patent and utility model patent text search" searches only applications starting in 1993. Nevertheless, the "patent and utility model patent classification search" supports searching applications since the commencement of the Patent Act. To search on the J-PlatPat, we specified "Patent (A, A1, B)" for "Kind"; further, we specified "C03B18/00" for "FI/F term" and "Examined/Granted applications (B, Y)" for "Priority of search result display." The fields for "Theme code" and "Publication date" were left blank (unspecified).Based on the search results, we examined the following publications: a) "Published patent application" (bulletin issued 18 months following patent application); b) "Japanese translation of PCT international application" (bulletin issued when international application in a foreign language is transferred to Japan under the Patent Cooperation Treaty); c) "Domestic re-publication of PCT international application" (information is provided when an international application in Japanese specifies Japan, although "Domestic re-publication of PCT international application" is an administrative service aiming at providing information for search for prior art; not legal bulletins); and d) "Patent (bulletin listing patents for which patent rights have been granted). From these, we then utilized the information regarding year of application, patent rights holder, and country of residence of patent rights holder (classified on the basis of address of patent rights holder).ResultFigure 1 summarizes the trend in float process-related patent applications, with cumulative number of patent applications and number of applications for each year on the vertical axis. There were 748 applications from 1954 to 2015.Pilkington Brothers Limited, which developed the float process, began licensing it to other companies in 1962 (Mori, 2007), with a cumulative number of eight patent applications up to that point (from 1954 to 1961), followed by a rapid increase starting in 1962. There were seven applications in 1962, 26 in 1963, and double-digit yearly numbers in the ensuing decade. In other words, it is clear that the increase in the number of licensees was accompanied by an increase in the number of patent applications. Yet, the term of the licensing agreements was 16 years (Wierzynski, 1968); starting in 1978, immediately after the relationship with the first licensee terminated, the number of applications dropped to single digits. Thereafter, the number of patent applications continued to decline, indicating an S-curve. Subsequently, however, there was another spike, and the new century saw double-digit numbers of applications every year except for 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2015. …


Introduction: Despite remarkable clinical efficacy, CAR-T therapy has been limited by life threatening toxicities in over 30% of patients.1, 2 Toxicities primarily manifest as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) characterized by an early phase with fever, hypotension and elevations of cytokines including IFNγ, GM-CSF, TNF, IL-10, and IL-6 and a later phase associated with life-threatening or life-ending neurologic events. We hypothesized that reversible inhibition of CAR mediated signaling will enable controllable regulation of CAR-T cell activity in vivo and mitigate CAR-T mediated toxicities. There are specific protein kinases such as the SRC kinases, LCK, and ZAP-70 that are known to be involved in various cellular signaling pathways, especially T cell receptor mediated signaling and may also be appropriate targets for modulating (both enhancing and inhibiting) CAR-T function in a rapid and reversible fashion in vivo. Our hypothesis is that small molecule inhibitors of TCR signaling and downstream pathways could be identified using specific high throughput screens.
 Methods: To identify novel inhibitors of CAR-T cell proliferation, we developed a high throughput kinase inhibitor screen to identify compounds that reversibly inhibit CAR-T function. T cells containing a third generation CAR targeting CD19 cells (CAR19) and CD19+ tumor cells (Ramos cells expressing both GFP and luciferase) were incubated at an effector to target ratio of 1:1 in 96 well plates in the presence of 1µM of each inhibitor. After 24 hours, tumor cell death induced by CAR-T was measured using bioluminescence (BLI) imaging. Small molecules that inhibited CAR-T proliferation and cytotoxicity were determined by assessing the BLI signal in each well.
 Results: A protein kinase inhibitor library (Selleckchem, Texas) containing 644 independent compounds was tested (Figure 1). Of the 644 kinase inhibitors tested, 32 were found to be potent inhibitors of CART19 cell activation and cytotoxic killing of CD19+ target tumor cells, reducing anti-tumor viability in 24 hours by >50% compared to vehicle control. Compounds such as Nintedanib (C3), Dasatinib (C9), and Saracatinib (C12), all SRC kinase inhibitors, were able to inhibit cell killing by 99%, 84%, and 76% respectively. Next we assessed the reversibility of CAR-T cell mediated killing upon removal of inhibitors from the cultures. Reinitiation of potent, anti-tumor activity was observed within 24 hours after inhibitor removal, confirming reversible nature of CAR-T cell inhibition by the three most potent compounds.
 Conclusions: Recent publications (Weber et al Blood Adv, 2018, Westermann et al. Sci Transl Med, 2019) have also shown that dasatinib can reversibly suppresses CAR-T cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. 3, 4 Here we confirm the reports of others regarding dasatinib and that show for the first time that reversible inhibition of CAR-T activity by kinase inhibitors is not limited solely to dasatanib, but is observed with other small molecules targeting many different kinases. This work further demonstrates the potential applications of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a safety switch to modulate CAR-T cell toxicity.
 1. Maude, NEJM 2014
 2. Davila, SciTransMed 2014
 3. Mestermann SciTransMed 2019
 4. Weber. Blood Adv 2019

 Cooper: Wugen: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties. DiPersio:WUGEN: Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding; Magenta Therapeutics: Equity Ownership; Celgene: Consultancy; Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; RiverVest Venture Partners Arch Oncology: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Cellworks Group, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; NeoImmune Tech: Research Funding; Bioline Rx: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Macrogenics: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Research Funding; Amphivena Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding.


Accurate determination of the input function is essential for absolute quantification of physiological parameters in PET. However, it requires an invasive and tedious procedure of arterial blood sampling that is challenging in mice because of the limited blood volume and the small size of the blood vessels. Blood loss and surgical trauma may limit the same mouse to be studied longitudinally. In this paper, we proposed a modeling approach to estimate whole-blood sample measurements for 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) PET studies in mice by use of urinary bladder time-activity data and one blood sample taken at the end of the experiment. Six CL57BL/6 mice were injected with [18F]FDG, and serial blood samples were taken from the femoral artery via a surgically implanted catheter during small-animal PET scans. Image data were reconstructed by use of filtered backprojection with CT-based attenuation correction. The boundary of the urinary bladder was determined with the fused PET-CT image by adjusting the scaling of the PET image such that the bladder volume shown on the PET and CT images matched. The bladder time-activity data were then constructed frame-by-frame and fitted to a compartmental model in conjunction with a blood sample acquired near the end of the experiment and an one-exponential function that described the clearance of [18F]FDG in blood. Our results demonstrated that it is feasible to estimate [18F]FDG blood samples by use of urinary bladder time-activity data. The estimated samples obtained with the proposed method agreed well with those derived from the gold standard method of arterial blood sampling. More importantly, the proposed method obviates the need of arterial catheterization, making it possible to perform repeated studies on the same mouse.


My paper will present a case study that examines the relationship between campus politics, the availability of local resources, and an interdisciplinary effort to create a stand-alone African art museum to exhibit East Carolina University's outstanding African art collection. The primary purpose of our project is to use the approximately 700-piece collection to teach the university and public communities about African societies. ECU has one of the strongest university-held African art collections for teaching purposes in the southeast, and it is presently woefully underutilized. My paper will discuss the process to date, note our successes and failures, and call upon the audience for advice on how to achieve our goal. The latter is especially important because we want to avoid repeating the mistakes of structure and display made by previous Western attempts to create museums and exhibitions for African art.


With the development of the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei on the Internet +, logistics integration has become the foundation and premise to realize the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The layout optimization of distribution center and the improvement of infrastructure are the effective approaches to solving two bottlenecks of e-commerce that are called "last kilometer" and "last 100 meters". In this paper, an optimized location model for the distribution center of the logistics integration of "Internet + Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" is created; the Tabu search algorithm and the simulation-based case study are used to solve and analyze the model. It is shown that the optimized transportation route can minimize the total transportation cost when the requirements of both supply and demand are met. Research results in the paper are valuable and research methods worth being made more widespread.


The exclusive rare radiative {ital B} decays are studied in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach in quantum field theory. The large recoil momentum of the final vector meson allows for the expansion of the decay form factor in inverse powers of the {ital b}-quark mass. This considerably simplifies the analysis of these decays. The 1/{ital m}{sub {ital b}} expansion is carried out up to second order. The form factor of {ital B}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup *}{gamma} decay is found to be {ital F}{sub 1}{sup {ital B}{r_arrow}{ital K}*}{gamma}(0)=0.32{plus_minus}0.03 and it leads to {ital scrB}({ital B}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup *}{gamma})=(4.5{plus_minus}1.5){times}10{sup {minus}5}, which is in agreement with the recent CLEO data. The form factors of the decays {ital B}{r_arrow}{rho}{gamma}, {ital B}{sub {ital s}}{r_arrow}{phi}{gamma}, and {ital B}{sub {ital s}}{r_arrow}{ital K}{sup *}{gamma} are also considered. The relation berween rare radiative and semileptonic {ital B} decays into light vector mesons is discussed.


Thank you very much for reading selected topics in approximation and computation. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen novels like this selected topics in approximation and computation, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


The scientific outlook on development has imposed new requirements, new directions, and new constraints on urban development in China. The challenge facing every city is to shift the current course of urbanization toward more sustainable development on the basis of local contexts. In this paper, we analyze key problems in urban governance in China that prohibit sustainable urbanization. We focus on three key institutional factors including: national economic policy, fiscal pressure on city governments, and unconstrained discretion power in land administration. In response to these problems, we propose institutional building strategies and specific policy recommendations for city governments that facilitate sustainable urban governance in China.


The control method and a plurality of connecting support apparatus for supporting multiple connections in a mobile communication system is disclosed. In the case where the first base station receives the measurement results for a plurality of connection from the terminal to the plurality connection supporting method performed by the first base station and second base station, and then based on the measurement result of determination whether multiple connection, set up multiple connections carry information for multiple connection to a second base station, to the second base station based on the information for the plurality of connection setup received from the first base station generates control information for a plurality of connection terminals. Therefore, it is possible to easily support multiple connections, it is possible to improve the performance of the mobile communication system via them.


This essay deals with the issue of identity in The Human Stain. The novel invites us to reflect on identity constructions, on their difficult negotiations between the "given" and the "chosen," between group identity and the freedom of individuals to define their own identity at the crossroads between fixed patterns and personal choices. By doing so, Roth also calls for a redefinition of interpretative patterns and theories of identity, in the sense that existing theories of identity based on monolithic categories fail to grasp the complexities of contemporary identity.


Background: Medical officers and specialists based in rural hospitals
must have skills and knowledge to handle the most common emergency and
elective surgical problems in their catchment population. The aim of
this study was to assess the common surgical problems faced by medical
officers in rural hospitals in Kenya and Tanzania that are supported by
AMREF specialist outreach services and CCM-Comitato Collaborazione
Medica surgeons and to assess how such training may be provided.
Methods: This study covered 31 rural district, Church, NGO and
overnment Hospitals in East Africa. A cross-sectional survey using
self-administered open-ended questionnaire was used. Forty-two
questionnaires were administered to medical officers in charge of the
hospitals. The data received was entered in EPlNFO and analysed using
SPSS to show the frequency of distribution of different variables.
Results: Of the 31 hospitals, 84% had 50 - 200 beds and 1-3 doctors;
40% had less than two : Most (80%) had outpatients load of 10,000
-30,000 per year and inpatients load of 3,000-10,000 per year;79% of
the hospital carried out 500-2000 deliveries per year. A third (35%) of
the hospitals had no anaesthetist. Between 200-400 patients per year
required emergency and elective surgery in 50% of hospitals. Common
emergency surgical conditions and procedures were Ectopic pregnancy,
Caesarean section, strangulated hernia, appendectomy and bowel
resection. Hernia repair, Hydrocelectomy, Hysterectomy, prostatectomy
and appendectomy were the commonest elective procedures. A total of 79%
of rural based medical officers preferred a combination of on-the-job
training by visiting specialists and training at a referral facility as
the best method to improve their surgical skills so as to competently
deal with major surgical problems in their area. The majority (85%) of
the respondents preferred that training should take 6-12 months.
Medical officers, supported by periodic visits by specialists to
perform complicated elective surgery and refresher training, can
adequately manage majority of surgical problems in' rural areas.
Conclusion: 1. There is need for a critical review of the current
institution-based surgical training for rural based medical officers.
2. There is shortage of health workers who can administer safe
anaesthesia in rural hospitals 3. Medical officers prefer combined
approach to surgical training, on-the-job training by visiting
specialist and institution-based training for a short period 6-12
months.


Since in coupled-cluster (CC) theory, ground-state and excitation energies are eigenvalues of a non-Hermitian matrix, these energies can in principle take on complex values. In this paper, we discuss the appearance of complex energy values in CC calculations from a mathematical perspective. We analyse the behaviour of the eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices that are perturbed (in a non-Hermitian manner) by a real parameter. Based on these results, we show that for CC calculations with real-valued Hamiltonian matrices the ground-state energy generally takes a real value. Furthermore, we show that in the case of real-valued Hamiltonian matrices complex excitation energies only occur in the context of conical intersections. In such a case, unphysical consequences are encountered such as a wrong dimension of the intersection seam, large numerical deviations from full configuration-interaction (FCI) results close to the conical intersection, and the square-root-like behaviour of the potential surfaces near the conical intersection. In the case of CC calculations with complex-valued Hamiltonian matrix elements, it turns out that complex energy values are to be expected for ground and excited states when no symmetry is present. We confirm the occurrence of complex energies by sample calculations using a six-state model and by CC calculations for the molecule in a strong magnetic field. We furthermore show that symmetry can prevent the occurrence of complex energy values. Lastly, we demonstrate that in case of complex Hamiltonians the real part of the complex energy value provides a very good approximation to the FCI energy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


A semiconductor optical amplifier at 2.0‐µm wavelength is reported. This device is heterogeneously integrated by directly bonding an InP‐based active region to a silicon substrate. It is therefore compatible with low‐cost and high‐volume fabrication infrastructures, and can be efficiently coupled to other active and passive devices in a photonic integrated circuit. On‐chip gain larger than 13 dB is demonstrated at 20 °C, with a 3‐dB bandwidth of ∼75 nm centered at 2.01 µm. No saturation of the gain is observed for an on‐chip input power up to 0 dBm, and on‐chip gain is observed for temperatures up to at least 50 °C. This technology paves the way to chip‐level applications for optical communication, industrial or medical monitoring, and non‐linear optics.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


The MESFET can be used as a three-terminal MESFET varactor by employing gate depletion capacitance Cg. Using this concept, a new VCDRO (voltage controlled dielectric resonator oscillator) has been designed. The VCDRO produced 10.17 dBm output power at a frequency of 11.00 GHz and tuning bandwidth of 70.2 MHz. The advantage of using the MESFET as a three-terminal varactor is to let the MESFET perform both roles at the same time, thus simplifying the circuit configuration and fabrication. This finding demonstrates the potential of using both real and imaginary parts of the equivalent impedance of the active device.


Abstract Effects of ferrite grain size and martensite volume fraction on quasistatic and dynamic deformation behaviour of 0·15C–2·0Mn–0·2Si dual phase steels were investigated in this study. Dynamic torsional tests were conducted on six steel specimens that had different ferrite grain sizes and martensite volume fractions, using a torsional Kolsky bar, and then the test data were compared in terms of microstructures, tensile properties, fracture mode, and adiabatic shear band formation. Under dynamic torsional loading, maximum shear stress and fracture shear strain increased with decreasing ferrite grain size and increasing martensite volume fraction. Observation of the deformed area beneath the fracture surface after the dynamic torsional test indicated that adiabatic shear bands of 5 to 15 μm in width were formed along the shear stress direction, and that voids or microcracks initiated at ferrites or martensite/ferrite interfaces below the shear band. The width of the shear band decreased as the ferrite grain size increased or the martensite volume fraction decreased. These phenomena were then analysed by introducing concepts of theoretical critical shear strain.


The invention (a) 1 car, comprising at least one surfactant and at least one of the at least one surfactant and at least one enzyme in a higher, the object relative to their concentration in the laundry solution of the concentration of the enzyme after after called distribution phase followed by a solution having a primary referred period; (B) the addition of water to an object to obtain a wash solution followed by a washing step with time; And (c) a step of rinsing the object, (i) the relative washing performance of at least 1 (RWP); (Ii) greater than the first associated process washing index (PRCI); Or (iii) it is directed to a method of cleaning at least one relative washing performance (RWP) and the large step related washing index (PRCI) which corresponds with the washing performance, to that of the object than the first.


This research explores the design of mobile money value‐added services in Kenya that engage marginalized users during the design process. Building on past research that sets out principles for user centered design (UCD), and drawing upon evidence from three case studies, the research finds that system designers follow UCD principles, but decisions to involve users are largely born out of pragmatism, to increase the probability of acceptance of the system, whereas the users main concern were the associated costs, and there was (at least in the early stages) resistance to involvement. This resistance was borne out of a tension between the motivation of the system designers (which was largely non‐altruistic) and the motivation of the users who became involved in the projects through self‐interest or some coercion. The research concludes that system designers require greater appreciation of diversity in interests, asymmetric power and cross‐cultural differences when applying UCD methods. The research extends current knowledge with regard to design interventions in the development of mobile money applications in sub‐Saharan Africa and the recommendations formulated from this research provide practitioners with actionable knowledge to reflect on their current tools and techniques to ensure better localized design processes.


Set design by James Frost. The set is intended to look like an old-fashioned backstage area, covered in Hamlet-themed graffiti. The doors open as a transition between the backstage limbo state of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and the world of the court. They are painted on the reverse side in an opulent emerald colour with trompe l'oeil detailing. For the final scene the set transforms into a boat, with a sail behind the set and a pile of packing crates from which characters emerge. Stage construction by James Frost, Nick Gordon and Gareth Winters. Directed by Roanna Bond and Kasia Senyszyn.


Thyristor Switched Capacitor (TSC) is one of the development trend of Static Var Compensation. It presented a TSC controllerbased on double CPUs. Problems of compensation controller are discussed. They include the precise and fast calculation of current reactivecomponent and load reactive power and the switching judgment of TSC. The expenriment shows that this equipment is fast response, highprecision and without inrush current input.


The high spin states of the /sup 155-165/Er isotopes were studied in the interacting boson-fermion model 1. It was found that the energy spectra up to I = (41/2/sup +/ of the even-odd Er isotopes could be reproduced quite well. The observed doublet state structure and the order reverses of the doublet states of the energy spectra of /sup 161/Er could be reproduced. The unfavored high spin states that currently do not have experimental counterparts are also calculated.


This paper describes a method for the early stages of new product development that supports the conceptual design of modular, platform-based, and customizable components. The method includes up-front product planning encompassing definition of customer requirements, market segmentation, and competitive product analysis, ultimately leading to product specifications. The results from product planning are combined with tools for developing a product platform architecture with easily customizable customer interface components, which are based on well-defined interfaces. The method and tools are applied to a family of bactericidal door handle products. The major elements of the customizable door handle product architecture are defined, and several concepts are generated that utilize modularity, customization, and product platforms within a single design. The results are discussed in detail with specific comments on applying up-front planning and design tools in terms of modularity and customization for commercialization based on well-defined interfaces. Finally, we conclude with comments on the limitations of the method, proposed improvements, and future work.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


In this paper we extend the results of the first one to solutions of some obstacle problem in the semilinear elliptic case that are used as a model for a gas problem. More precisely, we prove that the points of the free boundary, where the zero set has no density, lie in a Lipschitz surface. Furthermore, we get the C 1 regularity for singular points with some (n − 1)-density. We also investigate the free boundary at points with density. We show that the set of these points is locally a C 1 surface. This result is an extension of those achieved by Alt and Phillips [3], where it is used a concept stronger than the "density" applied here.


The results of eye-measurement taxation of the natural plantings growing in the city limits of Yekaterinburg on the total area of 719 hectares are presented in the article. The basic inventory data in the elements of the forest for 218 sectors are determined. The taxation structure of the examined stands are analyzed. Pine forest are found to be prevailing, their area is 481 ha, or 66.9%. Forest of 6th age class are 69% of the studied stands, young trees are about 1%. Pure pine stands are predominate, with the fullness of 0.6-0.7 (74%), by productivity quality class 3. A change of site class to the lower level was found with increasing of recreation pressure on plantations. Site class has changed by 2 units (from 2 to 4) on the area of 3.8 ha. Some objects were found (3.8 ha) requiring the urgent forestry actions.


Employee engagement has become a large concern for employers. If employees are engaged there is less chance of problems arising within the workplace, it can increase organisational commitment, job satisfaction and retention. This study determines that development opportunities and line manager support/interaction has a positive impact on employee engagement in the Irish retail sector.

Quantitative research was undertaken for this study, a survey was distributed among employees in the retail industry. Three stores under the same retailer were chosen to take part in the study. 108 employees worked as associates in these stores and were invited to take part in the survey, the researcher received 83 complete responses. The survey that was used in this research was developed by Professor Alan Saks (2006) which was discovered through a previous dissertation that was submitted to the National College of Ireland (NCI). The data gathered from the survey was inputted into The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) where tests relevant to the hypothesis were ran.

The results gathered show both development opportunities and line manager support/interaction has a positive impact on employee engagement levels.


Based on the framework of critical quantitative intersectionality, the purpose of this study is to examine the multifaceted impacts of Southeast Asian female students' race or ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status on math achievement score and intention to enter higher education. This study found that math achievement scores of Southeast Asian students were significantly higher than those of other race or ethnicity groups. However, Southeast Asian female students' intention to pursue higher education was significantly lower than that of Southeast Asian males as well as being the lowest among all female students. The school organizational characteristics used in this study did not mediate or differentiate the intersectionalities related to Southeast Asian female students. The patterns held regardless of schooling contexts.


of ORGANIZING FACE-TO-FACE TEAM TALK A HANDBOOK FOR TEAMS by Deborah George Small group discussion is the tool teams use to collaborate intellectually and to coordinate activities in the pursuit of a common goal. Discussion procedures alter natural discussion by providing rules or guidelines for conversation to allow a team to exploit collective abilities while minimizing unproductive communicative behavior. Some procedures are better than others for particular types of tasks and situations and the choice of a discussion procedure can make a difference in team effectiveness. The purpose of this project is to provide a concise reference to help team members select an appropriate procedure to accomplish a specific purpose. Using research findings from the communication discipline, the handbook provides insight on why some procedures are better than others for certain situations and tasks by pointing to the ways communicative behavior is shaped by the discussion procedure. It will then provide directions for using such procedures. Committee Chair Mark R. Stonei, Ph. D.


Paediatricians have described themselves as feeling insufficiently trained to manage young people (and their families) with significant psychosocial distress and mental illness - who can comprise a large proportion of their practices. A continuing medical education program for a group of four paediatricians who treat the paediatric mental health needs of a large Ontario catchment area with few mental health resources is described. At a monthly educational and consultation clinic, the paediatricians discuss and personally interview their own patients and referrals while a child psychiatrist and a psychiatric social worker, using a two-way mirror, assist them to develop psychosocial interviewing skills and techniques, and diagnostic formulations.


A cleaning device is provided for a window element, which is insertably and retractably provided in a vehicle panel of a vehicle, with a cleaning element designed so as to rotate around its longitudinal axis, and with a feeder device to supply cleaning liquid to the cleaning element for cleaning the window element (2). A vehicle is also provided with such a cleaning device.


Accidental contamination of the Michigan food chain with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) led to the exposure of more than 4,000 individuals in 1973. Because PBB exposure is suspected to disrupt endocrine function, we assessed pubertal development in females 5–24 years of age (N = 327) who were exposed to PBB in utero and, in many cases, through breastfeeding. We estimated in utero PBB exposure using maternal serum PBB measurements taken after exposure (1976–1979) and extrapolated to time of pregnancy using a model of PBB decay. We found that breastfed girls exposed to high levels of PBB in utero (≥7 parts per billion) had an earlier age at menarche (mean age = 11.6 years) than breastfed girls exposed to lower levels of PBB in utero (mean age = 12.2–12.6 years) or girls who were not breastfed (mean age = 12.7 years). This association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders (menarche ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–9.0). Perinatal PBB exposure was associated with earlier pubic hair stage in breastfed girls, but little association was found with breast development. The associations observed here lend support to the hypothesis that pubertal events may be affected by pre- and postnatal exposure to organohalogens.


Although abnormal tectonic evolution of the Donbas segment within the Pripyat-Dnieper-Donets-Karpinsky (PDDK) palaerift has been long time recognized and studied, the driving mechanisms and mechanics of the basin uplift and inversion remain poorly understood. In 3-D view, the Donbas is a deformed prismatoidal block located on the intersection of the NNW striking Early Proterozoic weak corridor zone within the Sarmatian segment of the East European Craton and the Late Devonian PDDK rift. In our approach we consider the role of strike-slip and rotational deformations in controlling the distribution of releasing-restraining jogs and generating of re-active compression stresses responsible for formation of the Donets Foldbelt pop-up structure. Our constraints are based on the analysis of an extensive database of subsurface and underground geological information in combination with existing geophysical information.


Abstract We apply the averaging theory of first and second order for studying the limit cycles of generalized polynomial Linard systems of the form x˙=y-1(x)y,  y˙=-x-f(x)-g(x)y-h(x)y2, \dot x = y - 1\left( x \right)y,\,\,\dot y = - x - f\left( x \right) - g\left( x \right)y - h\left( x \right){y^2}, where l(x) = ∊l1(x) + ∊2l2(x), f (x) = ∊ f1(x) + ∊2 f2(x), g(x) = ∊g1(x) + ∊2g2(x) and h(x) = ∊h1(x) + ∊2h2(x) where lk(x) has degree m and fk(x), gk(x) and hk(x) have degree n for each k = 1, 2, and ∊ is a small parameter.


Adolescents' alcohol use and binge drinking decreased in Finland since 2001 while the proportion of those who did not drink, increased until 2017. The 2018 Alcohol Act (entered 1 March) allowed retail stores sell all alcoholic beverages containing up to 5.5% alcohol by volume (previously 4.7%, beer and cider). Alcopops, assumed popular among adolescents, are now available in retail stores for those ≥18 years. We study changes in adolescents' alcohol use and type of alcohol beverages until 2019.

 Data from Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey (AHLS) has been collected biennially from nationally representative samples of 12-, 14-, 16- and 18-year-old Finnish adolescents. The data collection of the 2019 survey is going on and continues until June. Approximately two thirds of the expected responses (N = 2666) has arrived by the end April.

 According to our preliminary results, among girls abstinence slightly decreased from 2017 to 2019 and the increasing trend levelled off. Among boys, abstinence stayed at the same level from 2017 to 2019 among 12- and 14-year olds, decreased among 16-year-olds and increased among 18-year-olds. The decrease in monthly alcohol use had levelled off in 2017 and the use stayed approximately on the same level in 2019 as in 2017. Changes in type of alcoholic beverages will be ready in June and will be presented in the conference.

 One year after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act, no increase in adolescent alcohol use was observed, but the decreasing trend seems to have levelled off, while a small decrease in the proportion of those who do not drink at all seems likely.

 In a short run under-aged alcohol use has not increased after the liberalisation of the Alcohol Act. However, abstinence has slightly decreased.


We introduce and numerically prove a simple and general concept for direct reconstruction of the temporal phase profile of an optical signal from temporal intensity measurements at the input and output of an arbitrary linear optical filter.


Abstract: Interest in hip protectors to prevent hip fractures in older people is increasing rapidly with their use suggested to many older people. Research indicates that almost all hip fractures occur after a fall onto the hip region and a number of hip protectors have been designed to reduce the force of the fall. Wearing of hip protectors has been shown to be effective in randomised trials in nursing homes with residents at high risk of hip fracture. However, adherence with use of hip protectors is incomplete and hip fracture can still occasionally occur while wearing hip protectors. No published studies have examined the effectiveness of hip protectors in people living in the community rather than in residential aged care facilities.


Question: What are the short-and long-term effects of spinal manipulation in patients with chronic low back pain? Design: Randomised controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient physiotherapy department in UK. Participants: 120 people, aged 18–55, with non-specific low back pain of greater than 3 months duration. Participants were excluded if they had a history of prior treatment including manipulation, chiropractic, osteopathy, and ultrasound, or were receiving disability benefit as a result of LBP. Interventions: Both groups were given a written set of exercises, chosen by the physiotherapist for each individual. In addition, one group received high velocity thrust manipulation in side-lying (on average four sessions) and the other group received therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz, continuous pattern, on average six sessions). Outcomes: Pain intensity (measured on a visual analogue scale, 0–100 mm), functional disability (Oswestry questionnaire, 0–100%), lumbar movements (modified Schober's test), and muscle endurance (measured by surface electromyography) were measured before treatment, at the end of treatment program, and 6 months after randomisation. Results: Participants in the manipulation/exercise group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain intensity (mean between-group difference 16.4, 95% CI 6.1 to 26.8) and functional disability (mean-between group difference 7.8, 95% CI 2.4 to 13.2), as well as improved lumbar flexion (mean between-group difference 9.4 mm, 95% CI 5.5 to 13.4) and extension (mean between-group difference 3.4 mm, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.8 (p < 0.01 in all instances). After six months the manipulation/ exercise group still demonstrated greater benefit than those in the ultrasound/exercise group for pain (mean betweengroup difference 15.1, 95% CI 7.55 to 22.64) and disability (mean between-group difference 5.2, 95% CI 2.63 to 7.81). Data for Month 6 are provided by the author because numbers reported in Table 3 in the published paper are incorrect. Conclusion: Manipulation and exercise showed greater improvement compared to ultrasound and exercise for participants with chronic low back pain, both at the end of treatment and at six months follow-up.


High parasitic S/D resistance is a major obstacle in realizing future generations of CMOS technologies using multiple gate devices with narrow fins. This makes selective epitaxial growth of Si in the S/D regions, the enabling process for multiple gate CMOS technologies. In this paper, we endeavor to integrate a low temperature selective epitaxial growth process and a low temperature NiSi process to form low resistance S/D contacts. Our experimental results show 34% and 11% improvement in parasitic S/D resistance of N-and P-channel multiple gate FETs with less than 20 nm wide fins respectively.


This final report describes a collaborative extension of an ongoing research program in low-energy x-ray and electron physics into particular areas of immediate need for the diagnostics of plasmas as involved in laser-produced fusion research. It has been for the continued support for one year of a post-doctoral research associate and for three student research assistants who have been applied to the following specific efforts: (1) the continuation of our research on the absolute characterization of x-ray photocathode systems for the 0.1 to 10 keV photon energy region. The research results were applied collaboratively to the design, construction and calibration of photocathodes for time-resolved detection with the XRD and the streak and framing cameras; (2) the design, construction and absolute calibration of optimized, bolt-on spectrographs for the absolute measurement of laser-produced plasma spectra.


Abstract Objective The study of effective factors on the quality of life (QoL), as an important criterion, in the outcome of new therapeutic and preventive strategies in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been considered by researchers. To study the relationship between spiritual well-being and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and some related factors in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ([AIDS]/HIV). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 224 people were selected as the study population (112 were male and 112 were female) from patients with AIDS/HIV at the Behavioral Counseling Center of Shiraz with available sampling method. The research tool was Palutzian & Ellison well-being scale and QoL Questionnaire (SF-36). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test. Results There was a significant direct relationship between physical function dimensions (P = 0.003). There was a significant relationship between general well-being, mental well-being, and total spiritual well-being (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of QoL and spiritual well-being with some age section of the patients, and their occupation and education (P < 0.001). Conclusions Spirituality has an impact on the QoL dimensions. Therefore, HIV positive people's quality of life could be improved by the possibility of the spiritual well-being promotion as a method of adaptation with the disease.


Flour paste was treated with corona field.Analysis of composition of aroma,amino acids,physiochemical properties indicated that application of corona field can improve sensory quality of paste,such as colour,flavour and taste,and can kill bacteria in the paste,as well.


tag=1 data=Public administration of Aboriginal affairs has not been human enough. by Patrick Dodson

tag=2 data=Dodson, Patrick

tag=3 data=Canberra Bulletin of Public Administration,

tag=5 data=73

tag=6 data=September 1993

tag=7 data=20-24.

tag=8 data=ABORIGINAL AFFAIRS%CIVIL RIGHTS

tag=10 data=Public administration in Aboriginal affairs has often been seen to be faulty because of its lack of accountability and rigour in program administration. The author's view is that it hasn't achieved hoped-for results because it has not been human enough.

tag=11 data=1994/6/2

tag=12 data=94/0162

tag=13 data=CAB


This study applies Closed-Loop Combustion Control (CLCC) using Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) and cylinder balancing using variable lambda to solve the problem. Step changes of set points for combustion phasing, Compression Ratio (CR), and load together with ramps of engine speed and inlet air temperature are investigated. Performances of the controllers are investigated by running the engine at either a constant amount of injected fuel corresponding to an approximate load of 1.5 or 2.5 bar BMEP and/or constant speed of 2000 rpm. Commercial RON 92 gasoline is used in the test. The CLCC is found to be fast and effective and has a potential of handling step changes in a matter of cycles, while the speed and temperature ramps need some more optimization of the CLCC. The CR controller is very fast and has a time constant corresponding to three engine cycles at 2000 rpm.


A base on the Moon surface or a mission to Mars are potential destinations for human spaceflight, according to current space agencies' plans. These scenarios pose several new challenges, since the environmental and operational conditions of the mission will strongly differ than those on the International Space Station (ISS). One critical parameter will be the increased mission duration and further distance from Earth, requiring a Life Support System (LSS) as independent as possible from Earth's resources. Current LSS physico-chemical technologies at the ISS can recycle 90% of water and regain 42% of O2 from the astronaut's exhaled CO2, but they are not able to produce food, which can currently only be achieved using biology. A future LSS will most likely include some of these technologies currently in use, but will also need to include biological components. A potential biological candidate are microalgae, which compared to higher plants, offer a higher harvest index, higher biomass productivity and require less water. Several algal species have already been investigated for space applications in the last decades, being Chlorella vulgaris a promising and widely researched species. C. vulgaris is a spherical single cell organism, with a mean diameter of 6 µm. It can grow in a wide range of pH and temperature levels and CO2 concentrations and it shows a high resistance to cross contamination and to mechanical shear stress, making it an ideal organism for long-term LSS. In order to continuously and efficiently produce the oxygen and food required for the LSS, the microalgae need to grow in a well-controlled and stable environment. Therefore, besides the biological aspects, the design of the cultivation system, the Photobioreactor (PBR), is also crucial. Even if research both on C. vulgaris and in general about PBRs has been carried out for decades, several challenges both in the biological and technological aspects need to be solved, before a PBR can be used as part of the LSS in a Moon base. Those include: radiation effects on algae, operation under partial gravity, selection of the required hardware for cultivation and food processing, system automation and long-term performance and stability.


Retirement savings allow investors to earn income after retirement by saving while being part of the workforce. Retirement savings comprise the largest portion of retirement savings and should be safeguarded by effective regulation. To safeguard retirement savings, exposure to foreign asset investments is limited. However, in an emerging economy, limiting foreign asset investments, especially investment in developed markets, could hamper the potential investment returns due to the translation risk. To assess the effect of translation risk, a preservation provident fund was used in the present study to determine whether the returns of this preservation provident fund would be adversely affected by investment allocation regulation. The findings indicated how the translation effect affected the preservation provident fund, illustrating the adverse unintended consequences of investment regulation in emerging market economies. Consequently, regulators should reconsider the maximum allowed foreign asset investment in pension fund regulations to enhance investment returns from foreign asset


*Corresponding authors' email: firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com Phone: +234 07033511986 ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an overview of both classical and fuzzy convexity, particularly, in conjunction with continuity 5 and some topological concepts, and provide proofs of some of their algebraic properties along with suitable illustrations. We have extended the work of (Ammar E. E., 1999) by proving that if μ and ν are two convex fuzzy sets, then μ + ν, μ − ν, μ ∗ ν, and μ/ν are also convex fuzzy sets. We have also shown that the convexity of a fuzzy set implies semistrict quasi-convexity.


Two one-dimensional chain-like cyanide-bridged compounds, [Fe(Phen)2(CN)2Ni-(Cyclam)](ClO4)2·DMF·2H2O 1 (Cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraaza-cyclotetradecane, Phen = 1,10-phenan-throline, and DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) and [Fe(Phen)2(CN)2Zn(Cyclam)](PF6)2·CH3CN 2, were prepared by the reaction of [Fe(Phen)2(CN)2]·2H2O with M(Cyclam)2+ (M = Ni, Zn). In complexes 1 and 2, the metal atoms are connected alternatively with CN groups. X-ray structure and IR analyses for 1 and 2 were performed. Structure analysis revealed that both complexes are centrosymmetric and the geometry around each metal atom is an octahedron. The two complexes crystallize in triclinic with space group of P1. For 1, a = 10.439(4), b = 14.976(7), c = 15.914(8) , α = 83.168(15), β = 74.338(15), γ = 78.023(15)°, V = 2338.3(18) 3, Z = 2, Mr = 1035.37, Dc = 1.471 g/cm3, F(000) = 1076, μ = 0.895 mm–1, the final R = 0.0616 and wR = 0.1414 for 5849 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)). For 2, a = 9.656(6), b = 15.404(9), c = 15.822(10) , α = 78.68(2), β = 78.917(19), γ = 77.15(2)°, V = 2223(2) 3, Z = 2, Mr = 1064.87, Dc = 1.587 g/cm3, F(000) = 1078, μ = 1.032 mm–1, the final R = 0.0672 and wR = 0.1595 for 6819 observed reflections (I 2σ(I)).


The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, quantify the biomass, and analyze some characteristics of the wood of chinaberry (Melia azedarach L.) at different planting spacings in a mixed stand in the municipality of Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro state. The following spacings were used: 1.0 × 1.0; 1.5 × 1.5; 2.0 × 2.0; and 3.0 × 2.0 m. Five years after planting, 12 chinaberry individuals were selected, in each spacing, for measurement of height, diameter at ground level, and canopy area. For analysis of biomass, five trees were selected, felled, separated into components of the aerial part and weighed. Then samples of each component were collected, weighed while humid, and placed in stove for dry weight determination. Subsamples of the components of the aerial part were sent for analysis of carbon content. Basic density was determined and pyrolysis for energetic purposes was performed in the subsamples of wood of spacings 1 × 1 m and 3 × 2 m. Chinaberry presented greater growth in height and diameter at ground level in the 3 × 2 m spacing. Canopy area values did not differ between the spacings. The highest average biomass production occurred four years after planting in the 2 × 2 m spacing. The wood of chinaberry tree is suitable for the production of charcoal. No significant differences were observed in the technological characteristics of wood between the two spacings evaluated.


Aiming at the importance of the calculating extension length and the site control in the process of the construction of the prestressed steel strand,the paper by combining with factual projects,sums up a series of the calculation methods for the extension length which is are suitable for the site construction and the methods of the site measurement control,so as to ensure the construction quality of the steel strand with post-tensioned prestress.


The invention for example relates to a system and method for restoring data after the occurrence of a user error. In particular, the snapshot database is maintained to save a copy of the database data. Snapshot database does not have to store a full copy of all data in the source database, it is not necessary to be the same and both share a common data. If an error occurs in the main database, the database, can be returned to a point in time, by replacing the source database file prior to the error to the snapshot files. Additionally, the clear component may be used with the snapshot to the error in the access point of the smaller unit (finer grained). In short, the present invention can be restored, the faster the database simpler while using less space and resources as compared with the conventional data recovery techniques. Databases, snapshots, computer, network environment, data recovery


ABSTRACT Background In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak, many speech-language pathologists have transitioned from in-person service delivery to online environments. As such, there is an urgent need to inform clinicians on the availability of efficacious and effective telehealth interventions for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). Objectives This review was informed by the following clinical question: Is providing intervention remotely through telehealth as efficacious and effective as in-person therapy for treating CAS? Methods, eligibility criteria, and sources of evidence Eight databases and seven search engines were searched for articles to identify intervention studies that have investigated the efficacy and/or effectiveness of treating CAS remotely. Search criteria was restricted to papers with children under 18 years of age, published in the English language between 1993 and 2020. Results Two studies were found to meet our inclusion criteria. A phase I study employed a multiple baseline across participants design to investigate the efficacy of the Rapid Syllable Transition treatment via telehealth. The second study assessed the feasibility of adopting a novel system for the remote administration of the Nuffield Dyspraxia Program-Third Edition. Based on the Oxford hierarchy Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, both studies are level IV (case-series/case-control), and therefore deemed low level evidence. Results showed limited but promising outcomes when CAS therapy is conducted remotely. Conclusion There is limited, low-level evidence indicating positive outcomes for the remote treatment of CAS via telehealth. The scarcity of data available warrants a need for large-scale randomized control trials and controlled clinical trials.


Cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a) is an 18 kDa protein that regulates the CB1 cannabinoid receptor by modifying G‐protein‐mediated signaling and competing for β‐arrestin interactions with the receptor (Booth et al., Molecules. 2019; 24: 3672). Physiological functions associated with CRIP1a include involvement in certain cancers, embryonic development, and functions of the retina (reviewed in Oliver et al., Biomolecules. 2020, 10: 1609). We determined the CRIP1a structure in an effort to elucidate CRIP1a functions. The 1.55 Å resolution crystal structure shows that CRIP1a exhibits a 10‐stranded, antiparallel b‐barrel with an interior comprised of conserved hydrophobic residues and loops at the bottom and a short helical cap at the top that serve to exclude solvent. The DALI server identified CRIP1a as homologous to a family of lipidated protein‐carriers. Based upon this structural knowledge, we tested the hypothesis that CRIP1a could serve as a carrier of lipidated proteins from cytosol to membranes. Using a mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 cultured cell model, homogenates were sedimented, and cytosolic and membrane fractions were subjected to SDS‐page electrophoresis and western analysis. We determined that CRIP1a is found in both cytosolic and membrane fractions. Immunoprecipitations using a CRIP1a antibody in the absence of detergents showed an apparent molecular weight shift for CRIP1a upon western blot analysis compared with purified, recombinant CRIP1a or CRIP1a in detergent extracts. The molecular weight shift in CRIP1a suggests the formation of a complex or interaction with other cellular proteins consistent with a role for CRIP1a in trafficking of cargo proteins.


Aiming sustainability and great demand of electric energy, there is a need for new technologies development, creating equipments to reduce costs generated by electric energy consumption, this article presents a prototype of control and energy monitoring applied dimmable LED lamp illumination circuit in a room, zenital architecture and sheds topology. To keep appropriated luminosity level, this system act monitoring natural light available on the environment and adjusting luminosity of the lamps, the control basis used in this project is a PID controller with retroaction because it is an industrial control algorithm very disseminated on automation sector which although being a robust system, it is very easy understanding and provide satisfactory results on automated processes. The control and monitoring take place from reading of luminosity sensors, of tension and current installed on prototype besides an LCD display that shows information from data obtained by sensors, this system has more flexibility to the user. A PID controller was designed to analyze and domain process, driving the system to get highest efficiency levels. Keywords— Dimmer, LED, controllers, PID.


Nursing assistants, who provide the majority of direct care to institutionalized elderly individuals, often receive little training in terms of communication and conflict management with residents and families. Physical and verbal abuse of residents may occur when nursing assistants are inadequately prepared to deal with the challenges of providing intimate care on an ongoing basis. This article describes the impact of an abuse prevention training program for nursing assistants in terms of general perceptions of and attitudes toward residents, job performance and care quality, burnout, staff‐resident conflict, and aggression by residents toward nursing assistants. The positive evaluations of the program by participants indicate that the program was clinically relevant. Attitudes toward residents differed from pre‐ to posttest in that nursing assistants were less likely to agree that the elderly were like children. A statistically significant decline in self‐reported nursing assistant‐resident conflict was...


Sweet calabash pickle was fermented by using Direct Vat Set starter.The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained through single factors and orthogonal experiments.The order of factors influencing the flavor of pickles was mixed strain powder,temperature and salt content.The optimum technological parameters were as followed: mixed strain powder 0.003%,fermentation temperature 30℃ and salt 4%.In addition,nitrite content variation was compared between rapid fermentation and natural fermentation under the optimum conditions.The results showed that the content of nitrite was reduced under rapid fermentation and the quality of pickles was improved.The process could be used in the industrialized production.


Following the rapid progress in the growth of semiconductor thin crystal films, rapid thermal (RT) CVD not only allows for minimization of processing and cycle time, but also enables a significant reduction in the thermal budget. The flow recirculation in the processing chamber driven by the large buoyancy resulting from the temperature differences between the wafer and input gases is known to produce detrimental effects on the film properties. In this study, the proposed 8″ rapid thermal processor (RTP) with a showerhead inlet contains three basic types of flow patterns (plug, mixed, and buoyancy-induced flow). The physical parameters, gas flow rate, and pressure of processing chamber are investigated in detail.


Superconductivity has been observed in the Na, K, and Rb intercalates of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The superconducting transitions are wide (several degrees) and not complete down to the lowest temperature studied (∼.6°K). The onset of superconductivity ranged from ∼6.5°K for the potassium and rubidium compounds to ∼4,5° K for the sodium compounds. A two phase type of transition was observed only for the potassium intercalated compounds. An x‐ray analysis of these systems indicated: (1) Partial intercalation of some of the samples; (2) expansion of the unit cell upon intercalation, and (3) the possible existence of two different expansions in the potassium and sodium compounds. An investigation of the effect of crystal orientation on the superconducting transition is in progress.


Hepatic adenoma is a rare solid liver lesion consisting of normal hepato-cytes in cords or sheets without portal tracts and bile ducts. Because the potential for malignant transformation and risk of hemorrhage is substantial, it is important to differentiate this lesion from other hepatic tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hemangioma. 1 A number of imaging modalities are used for the diagnosis of hepatic adenoma. 2-4 To the best our knowledge, however, no report has characterized the pathologic features of hepatic adenoma with the use of flash echo imaging (FEI) 1 of the newly developed interval delay, contrast-enhanced, secondary-harmonic sonographic types.