In order to understand the status in China's automobile maintenance,and promote the development of the automotive maintenance technology,I use the field investigation,folk visit and data access method at present in our country,this paper summarizes the existing vehicle maintenance and repair culture foundation status: four poor;Professional training is less;Maintenance idea behind;Modern maintenance equipment and material not getting good application.Based on this,I also basis our country's economic and technological development condition,the development of Chinese automobile maintenance from several aspects: repair summary concept and method of update;Fault diagnosis development;Maintenance tools development;Repair information development;Maintenance personnel training;Maintenance management development.


This study examines the concept of utilitarianism presented in the short story "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" in "The Wind's Twelve Quarter" by Ursula K. Le Guin. Through an ethical approach in sociology literature, this study aims to analyze the ethical implications of collective action in achieving general happiness in Omelas. Through analysis of the sociology of literature, this study reveals the social practices of utilitarianism presented in the story. In utilitarianism through ethical theory developed by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argues that a good action is an action that produces as much happiness as possible for as many people as possible. In the context of this short story, society has collectively chosen to maintain general happiness by ignoring the fate of the oppressed individual. This raises deep ethical questions about the justice and morality of emotional action. This study also analyzes the attitudes of individuals who choose to leave Omelas. This action shows disapproval of the principle of utilitarianism which sacrifices one individual for the sake of broad happiness. The attitude of individuals who dare to walk raises ethical overtones about our responsibilities to society and individuals. Through an analysis of ethical theory in a literary sociology approach, this study concludes that "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" pushes to limit the ethical boundaries of utilitarianism and change moral compromises in achieving peace. The social and psychological implications of this story awaken our awareness of the moral dilemmas associated with emotional action and raise deep ethical questions about human values and justice.
Keywords: Utilitarianism, Sociology of Literature, Ethics


The models used to consistently describe the dynamics of two charge particle beams in circular colliders are discussed, along with relevant examples and observations. The need to treat the dynamics of both beams in a consistent manner is introduced with emphasis on conditions in which the resulting effects may become an intensity limitation for the collider.


Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations have shown that the lxl:2H and the 2xl:H surfaces of diamond(C)(100) have a (-) electron affinity(EA); the clean (100) surface has a (+) EA. This is in agreement with experiment. Biased nucleation of C on Beta-SiC(100) and Si(100) has been achieved but not on Cu(100). C nucleation densities on Hf, Ti, Ta, Ni and W were directly related to the carbide heat of formation. The precursors of chlorinated methylsilanes coupled with bias were used to deposit C films on Si(100). Textured C(II) films were also achieved using an oxyacetylene torch. Cu forms an epitaxial rectifying contact to diamond with a Schottky barrier height (SBH) of approx. 1 leV. Hydrogen plasma was used to remove hydrocarbons from SiC surface at 400 deg C. Controlled growth of single crystal Beta(3C)-and alpha(6H)-SiC films has been achieved on alpha(6H)-SiC wafers at 1050 deg C by gas source(GS) MBE. The growth mode of each polytype has been investigated. Rectifying Ti contacts with low ideality factors (n<1.09) and leakage currents (5xlO(exp-7) A/cM2 at IOV) and SBHs of 0.79-0.88 have been achieved. The three-dimensional nucleation and coalescence of islands of AlN on alpha(6H)-SiC has been discerned via TEM. Multilayers and solid solutions more » of AlN and SiC have been achieved and characterized. Molecular dynamics, Thin films, Diamond, Negative electron affinity, Bias-enhanced nucleation, Refractory metals, Chlorinated methysilanes, Oxyacetylene torch, Rectifying contacts, Schottky barrier height, Hydrogen plasma, P(3C)-SiC, a(6H)-SiC, Gas source NOE, AlN, GaN, Multilayers, Solid solutions, Reactive ion etching, Optical char. « less


The interaction of different scales is among the most interesting and challenging features in turbulence research. Existing approaches used for scaling analysis such as structure-function and Fourier spectrum method have their respective limitations, for instance scale mixing, i.e. the so-called infrared and ultraviolet effects. To make improvement in this regard, a new method, multi-level segment analysis (MSA) based on the local extrema statistics, has been developed. Data test results show that MSA can successfully reveal different scaling regimes in complex systems such as Lagrangian and two-dimensional turbulence, which have been remaining controversial in turbulence research. In principle MSA can generally be applied for various analyses.


This paper reports the optimum design of combing roller speed with reference to yielding 6-13 Ne(98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil rotor-spun yarns. The universal rotatable composite design is adopted to get the highly precise regression equations, in which the variables are combing roller speed and yarn linear density considered to be the main technological parameters of combing roller and, the responses are the evaluation indexes concerning spinning stability, fiber length distribution of fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties. Based on these regression equations, the contours are plotted to analyse the influences of the parameters on the evaluation indexes; the optimization multicriteria mathematical model is simultaneously established to obtain the optimum parameters with the aid of Object Programming Approach along with Constrained Random Ray Method. Finally, an experiment is carried out to further test the acceptance of the calculated optimum values. It is shown that, for any yarn linear density within 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex), combing roller speed varying from 5000 to 9150 r/min affects content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring from rotor groove and yarn properties but does not significantly influence spinning stability; 7075 r/min, at which the SAQ-12 type of saw-toothed combing roller runs, is recommended to be the optimum combing roller speed for producing 6—13 Ne (98.4—45.4 tex) pure ramie noil yarns, where a compromise is achieved among the lowest content of extra-long fibre in fibre ring, the best spinning stability and the best yarn properties.


This is an open editorial  about the issues on reproducibility and the current publication system that led us to launch the Journal for Reproduciblity in Neuroscience.


Objective To understand the time and place distribution of fieber illness clinic visits and provide evidence for the early warning of respiratory infectious disease.Methods Medical records of the patients visiting fieber illness clinics from 00:00 April 1,2009 to 24:00 March 31,2010 were collected through a syndrome surveillance system in a grade 3 general hospital in Chaoyang district in Beijing,and the time-place scan statistic analysis was conducted with retrospective time place permutation scan statistic method.Influenza-like cases,influenza cases and cases of fever with unknown origin were analyzed respectively.Results The analysis of 50% of study period found the clustering of outpatients visiting fieber illness clinic,ILI cases,influenza cases and the cases with unknown origin,the difference had statistical significance.The clustering were mainly in the central area of Chaoyang district.The clustering of ILI cases and influenza cases were close to each other,the distance between the central points of 2 clustering was 0.92 km and 2 clustering were overlapped mostly.Conclusion Time-place clustering analysis of fieber illness clinic visits can accurately find the significant clustering of respiratory disease patients,which is important for the early warning of the diseases.Syndrome surveillance in fieber illness clinic visits is valuable for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious disease.


The removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxide (SOx) is conducted using a wet-type plasma reactor without chemical agent. In the reactor, NO is firstly oxidized to NO<inf>2</inf> by air plasma, and then NO<inf>2</inf> and SO<inf>2</inf> are absorbed into a water film on the inner wall of the reactor. The wastewater absorbing NO<inf>2</inf> and SO<inf>2</inf> must be treated before drain. In particular, nitrogen compound such as nitrate ion <tex>$(\mathbf{NO}_{\mathbf{3}}^{-})$</tex> and nitrite ion <tex>$(\mathbf{NO}_{\mathbf{2}}^{-})$</tex> are harmful. Therefore, the wastewater is treated by argon (Ar) plasma to remove <tex>$\mathbf{NO}_{\mathbf{3}}^{-}$</tex> and <tex>$\mathbf{NO}_{\mathbf{2}}^{-}$</tex>. As a result, more than 98% of NO and SO<inf>2</inf> were removed in the air plasma. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that <tex>$\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}$</tex> and <tex>$\mathbf{NO}_{\mathbf{2}}^{-}$</tex> in the wastewater were decreased by Ar plasma. From these results, it is confirmed that this wet-type discharge plasma reactor is useful for the simultaneous removal of NO<inf>x</inf> and SO<inf>x</inf>.


No matter what field of activity a company belongs to, its task is always to be at the same place where its consumers are. Among other places, consumers can be nowadays found also on social networks. The development of social media marketing has led to new economy trends, new roles in business and new functions of business entities that did not exist until recently. The development of the Internet culture and technologies that created new communication channels using the Web 2.0 technology and tools has led to the evolution of the strategy for communication with buyers. Last statistical measurements shows that average consumer spend more money on the product that they follow on social networks. Social networks are places where clients can interact with brands. By sharing content with consumers and participating in the process of creating and selling brands, business entities develop long-term relationships with clients as they can be contacted by anyone from the organization. The special interest of authors will be focused on exploring the role and potential of using social media marketing as a part of integrated marketing communication. The aim of the paper is to give an overview and potential of using social networks in creating brands that have a great effect on our culture, which will consequently lead to their recognisability on the Internet.


We measure the projected rotational velocities of the late B-type hypervelocity stars HVS 7 and HVS 8 from high-resolution spectroscopy to be 60 ± 17 km s−1 and 260 ± 70 km s−1. The "slow" rotation of HVS 7 is in principle consistent with having originated in a binary system, assuming a high inclination angle of the stellar rotation axis. However, the fast rotation of HVS 8 is more typical of single B-type stars. HVS 8 could have therefore been ejected by a mechanism other than that proposed by Hills. We also estimate the effective temperatures and surface gravities for HVS 7 and HVS 8 and obtain an additional measurement of their radial velocities. We find evidence in support of a blue horizontal branch nature for HVS 7 and a main-sequence nature for HVS 8.


Measurements performed on a 2nd-harmonic transferred-electron oscillator and a scale model are reported. A method is described for determining the resonant frequency of the oscillator once the diode parasitic reactances are defined.


This paper investigates the economic impact of corporate name changes around the time of their announcement. We analyse a sample of 107 listed Australian companies that changed their name over the period January 1995 to December 1999. We conduct separate analysis of firms having 'major' versus 'minor' name changes; of firms with coincident financial restructuring versus firms without restructuring; of small firms versus large firms and of dotcom firms versus non‐dotcom firms. Generally, we find some evidence of a negative association between the corporate name change event and abnormal returns. This seems particularly the case for those companies whose name change is deemed to be 'major'.


Background: the first three years of life a child is a very important period for the development of the child. During the developmental process occurs very rapidly so that the necessary nutrition and stimulation that is best for the beginning of life to the process of development (Widyastuti, 2015). Education jobs and income and also the stimulation is very influenced the development of a child, parent education is high would affect parenting, neither with the job that would could affect the income of parents who will impact on the pattern of intake of nutrients that will be given to a child who indirectly will influence the process of child development.
Subject and Method: research objectives to contribute to improve and build motivation in increasing understanding of the growing swell of early childhood. Method of quantitative research design research cross sectional study, in children with age 7-24 months. Secondary data collection techniques with conduct interviews using questionnaire and supported by primary data. Data analysis univariate analysis was used, bivariat and path analysis using SPSS Amos Programs.
Results: there is a direct relationship between income while pregnant (r = 3.24; CI (95%) = 1.46-5.02; p = < 0.001), stimulation of psikosial (r = 2.52; CI (95%) = 4.54-0.59; p = 0.015), and BREAST MILK (r = 3.06; CI (95%) = 0.61-+ 5.51; p = 0.015) with language skills. There is no direct relationship between income after childbirth with language skills through revenue while pregnant (r = 3.88; CI (95%) = 2.47-+ 5.29; p = < 0.001).

Conclusion: there is a relationship directly and indirectly between biopsikosoial factors with language development in children aged 7-24 months.Conclusion.


Worldwide, medium- to short-term earthquake prediction is becoming ever more essential for safeguarding man due to an un-abating population increase, but hitherto there have been no verifiable methods of reliable earthquake prediction developed. This dilemma is a result of previous and still current approaches to earthquake prediction which are squarely based on the measurement of crustal movements, observable only after a tectonic stress-change discharge (earthquake) has occurred. During the past decades it was proved and shown that it is not possible to derive reliable models for earthquake predictions from crustal movement measurements alone, and that an entirely new approach must be taken and rigorously pursued over years and decades to come. In support of this conclusion, there have been reported throughout the history of man anecdotal historical up to scientifically verifiable earthquake precursor or "seismo-genic" signatures of various kind - biological, geological, geo-chemical and especially a rather large plethora of diverse electromagnetic ones on ground, in air and space, denoted as "seismo-electromagnetic" signatures. Taiwan is one of the few regions where those phenomena may best be observed. In this overview a systematic analysis of main historical records, a summary of pertinent "seimogenic" as well as observed "seismo-electromagnetic" effects and modern ground-based to air- and space-borne metrological signature investigations are presented placing major emphasis on ongoing studies in Taiwan.


We build a general equilibrium model of industry dynamics and conduct policy experiments. The model is designed to match the entry and exit patterns in the U.S. manufacturing sector. We analyze two policies. First, we consider imposing a firing tax. Both a constant firing tax and a countercyclical firingtaxincreasethevolatilityoftheentryrateandaggregateoutput. Thisfindingcontrastswiththestabilizationeffectsoffiringtaxesinpreviousmodelswith exogenous entry and exit. Second, we consider subsidies to entry costs. Countercyclical entry subsidies stabilize the entry rate and are effective in stabilizing the aggregate output over the business cycle.


Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) films are grown on Si(111) using as a precursor fullerene seeded in helium supersonic beams. The regime of energy and flux distributions, achievable by changing the beam parameters, is well suited to synthesizing SiC films under well ordered conditions, because of better control of the synthesis process and of the C60 dissociative absorption. This is confirmed by the first experimental results and by morphological and structural characterization of the films produced. Further developments are briefly discussed.


Analytical Substantial Philosophy of History at the Poznan School of Methodology. An Attempt of Falsification of Popperian Critique of Theoretical History

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is the reconstruction of the theory of historical process elaborated at the Poznan School of Methodology. The heuristic tool will be Popper's model of knowledge, according to which, the development of scientific theory went through the phase of the posing of the scientific problem, proposing a tentative theory, a critical discussion and its modification. Proposed by Leszek Nowak the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism was transformed – under the influence of the elaboration of the idealizational theory of science and the categorical interpretation of dialectics – into the generalized version of historical materialism. This version includes theory of the class and primitive societies. Difficulties in the building of the theory of real socialism led to the transformation of adaptive historical materialism into the non-Marxian historical materialism where some tenets of Marxism were refuted (e.g. the domination of economy over politics). In the course of the building of the adaptive interpretation of historical materialism and the non-Marxian historical materialism some primary notions were defined and modified satisfying the criteria of falsification. Although Popper severely criticized the possibility of theoretical history, the theory of history as developed at the Poznan School of Methodology satisfies his criteria of falsification. This throws doubt upon the validity of Popperian critique of theoretical history.

Keywords: substantial philosophy of history, analytical Marxism, non-Marxian historical materialism, adaptive interpretation of historical materialism, Poznan School of Methodology, Leszek Nowak, Karl R. Popper.


The gas phase diffusion coefficients of Na in Ne, N2, and CO2 were measured in a flow tube with an oven source and resonant fluoresence detection of Na. DNa,Ne=209±21 cm2 Torr s−1 at 281 K, DNa,N2=129±13 cm2 Torr s−1 at 281 K, and DNa,CO2=134±13 cm2 Torr s−1 at 281 K. DNa,He was measured over the temperature range 211– 424 K. DNa,He(T)=(385±40) (T/300)(1.72±0.18) cm2 Torr s−1. The experimental results are compared with previous studies. The sticking coefficient for Na on the walls of the flow tube was determined to be approximately equal to 1 by an analysis of the diffusion coefficient data. The results for DNa,He, DNa,Ne, and DNa,Ar are compared with the predictions of Chapman–Enskog calculations using Na–noble gas potentials from recent spectroscopic measurements.


The invention discloses a vibration attenuation sizing block used for a novel multifunctional machine tool. The vibration attenuation sizing block used for the novel multifunctional machine tool comprises a carbon steel layer, a vibration attenuation rubber layer and an iron-carbon alloy layer. The vibration attenuation sizing block used for the novel multifunctional machine tool has the advantages of being simple in structure, reasonable in design, comprehensive in function and wide in application range.


The effectiveness of three different repair and/or strengthening techniques in enhancing the lateral load response of identical reinforced conrete short columns was studied. Based on an 18 in. square prototype, three column test specimens were constructed to two-thirds scale, using identical geometry and reinforcement. The test specimens representing existing columns had a 12 in. square cross section reinforced with eight No.6 longitudinal bars, 6-mm ties spaced at 8 in., and a 1-in. cover. Spacing of the tranverse reinforcement, while greater than current design requirements, was intended to represent typical practice of column design in seismic regions of the U.S. in the 1950s and early 1960s. One of the specimens was tested, repaired by jacketing, and then retested. The remaining two specimens were strengthened by jacketing prior to testing. A single lateral displacement history and constant axial load were used for all tests. Both the strengthened and the repaired columns performed better than the original column. Columns strengthened by jacketing, both with and without suppementary crossties, were much stiffer and stronger laterally than the original, unstrengthened column. The column repaired by jacketing was also much stiffer and stronger laterally than the original column and performed almost as well as the strengthened columns.


Objective To evaluate the influences of different fusion and internal fixation in restoring the sagittal alignment of cervical spine through anterior cervical discectomy with fusion. Methods 67 cases with cervical trauma or other disorders treated with anterior decompression, reconstruction and internal fixation from January 2000 to December 2002. Group A (11 cases), plating + bone grafting after discectomy; Group B (15 cases), fusion with cage after discectomy; Group C (19 cases), plate + bone grafting after subtotal corpectomy; Group D (22 cases), plating + titanium mesh after subtotal corpectomy. The influences on the restoration of cervical alignment were compared respectively between Group A and B, Group C and D according D value(distance from the postero-inferior border of C4 perpendicular to the line drawn from the posterior border of the dens to the postero-inferior border of C7. Results No significant differences were found either between Group A and B (P0.05) or between Group C and D (P0.05) immediately postoperation. Fusion were achieved in all cases during the follow up on average of 21.5 months (range, 10 to 36 months), there were also no significant differences on fusion rates either between Group A and B(P 0.05) or between Group C and D (P0.05). Significant difference was observed between Group C+D and Group A+B(P0.01) in comparing the data from immediate postoperation and follow-up period. Conclusion There is difference in terms of the restoration of cervical sagittal alignment judging by D value with different anterior cervical fusion and internal fixation at the same fusion level. The key factor of restoring the cervical alignment is the correct indication. The restoration of cervical alignment can be achieved intra-operatively rather than postoperatively.


The influence of radiofrequency cold plasma in ambient air at 200Pa pressure on mould fungi of the genus Aspergillus was studied. It was shown that 20min plasma treatment of paper with mould and contamination reduced the number of colony forming units but didn't lead to complete suppression of fungal viability. Strains of A.versicolor after plasma treatment lost the ability to excrete pink pigment to the environment. A.niger strains were more resistant and kept acidification ability. One of the possible plasma inactivation factors was formation of reactive hydroxyl (OH) radical.


Understanding the habitat preferences of Sarus Crane can assist ecologists in identifying high-priority habitats and improving conservation strategies. The habitat utilization and preference of Sarus Crane were studied in and around Important Bird areas of the Gurugram district from November 2019 to October 2020.  In total, 171 flocks were observed in agricultural land followed by marshland (147) and grassland (11). Our analysis showed that the Sarus Crane strongly preferred agricultural areas (s = +0.18) and avoided grassland habitats (s = -0.22 and -0.53 respectively). There was a significant difference in the utilization of agriculture and marshland (P<0.05) habitats in different seasons. However, the Sarus Crane utilized the grassland habitat randomly (P>0.05). The Sarus Cranes experienced several serious threats, including predation, habitat destruction, and the agricultural use of pesticides. This study on habitat preference and current threats will provide a scientific baseline for future research to better understand the ecology of the Sarus Cranes and will be helpful in their conservation. These IBA's are the only suitable sites in Haryana because it is surrounded by a large area of agricultural land and exposed to the pressure of human activities. It is, therefore, necessary to protect such habitats, to provide a healthy ecosystem for Sarus Cranes.


AbstractOne aspect of fault-tolerance in process control programs is theability to tolerate sensor failure. This paper presents a methodologyfor transforming a process control program that cannot tolerate sensorfailures to one that can. Additionally, a hierarchy of fMlure models isidentified.Keywords: fault-tolerance, process control systems, real-timedistributed systems. 1 Introduction A process control program communicates and synchronizes with a physicalprocess. Typically, the program reads values from the physical processthrough sensors and writes values through actuators, as shown schemati-caUy in figure 1."Submitted to the lOth Real-Time Systems Symposium, Los Angeles, December 1989.tThis work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DoD)under ARPA order 6037, Contract N00140-87-C-8904 The views, opinions, and findingscontained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an officialDepartment of Defense position, policy, or decision.


Care for Christian unity is part of the nature of the Church. Many years after the ecumenical movement began, signs of disappointment are appearing. The doctrinal dialogues and official meetings are still taking place, but spiritual and pastoral ecumenism is increasingly needed. It manifests itself not only in joint prayers but also in an actual exchange of spiritual gifts, pastoral inspirations and cooperation in many areas of the church and social life. New aspects of such ecumenism have appeared. They take the form of various spiritual trends going beyond the boundaries of churches and communities (prayers, music, spiritual gifts) as well as a search for sources and guidelines for spiritual life that other traditions can offer. In particular, the new shape of ecumenism may be seen in Evangelical and Pentecostal communities. Therefore, the broadly understood Catholic charismatic renewal has a special place in the work for Christian unity. People must walk together, accompany one another, be hospitable and work for the benefit of others. Only then can the Holy Spirit lead the followers of Christ to unity.


This study explored the attitudes of dental students toward death and dying and compared them with attitudes held by medical students. The population included regularly enrolled students pursuing the M.D., or D.D.S., degree at the L.S.U. Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. Patterns which emerged from the data analysis suggested that attitude toward death is a factor influencing choice between dental school and medical school would, at best, be latent. Additionally, there is an association between class membership which suggests that attitudes of dental and medical students toward death may be differentially affected by their professional experiences.


The cultural practice of oriental tobacco in Yunnan Province were introduced as follows: 1) choosing quality variety, Xanthi Basma, Komotini, and Izmir were popularized in Yunnan Province; 2) sowing, 0.5-1g of bare seeds or 5-6 packages (0.01kg/package) of coating seeds were sowed every 10m~2 60-70 days before transplanting; 3) seedbed managing, water and fertilizer should be managed attentively, seedling should be pulled, final singled and hardened timely; 4) transplanting and population, transplanting was taken place from November 20 to December 10 with double-line planting. The population density was 210000 seedlings per ha; 5) field managing, water and fertilizer were two important aspects, plants were watered once while about 20 days after transplanting and once during fast growing stage depending on actual weather, 7500-15000kg of organic fertilizer and 45kg of nitrogen fertilizer (N∶P∶K=1∶2∶3) were generally applied in every ha,70 percent of the fertilizers were (applied) before planting and 30 percent were applied during growing period.


Summary 1. Preliminary treatment by mouth with a large dose (50 mg) of streptomycin increased the susceptibility of mice to infection following oral inoculation with a streptomycin-resistant strain of Salmonella enteritidis. In mice treated with streptomycin 24 hours before inoculation, <3 Salmonella sufficed to initiate infection in 50% as compared with approximately 105 in untreated controls. 2. This effect of streptomycin decreased as the interval between treatment and inoculation was lengthened but was still detectable on the 5 th day. Smaller doses of streptomycin (5-10 mg) resulted in smaller increases in susceptibility. 1 mg was ineffective. 3. Representative numbers of mice killed for culture showed the spleen to be infected in 90% and heart's blood in 72% of those with positive fecal cultures at the time of autopsy. 4. It is believed that this increase in susceptibility following streptomycin treatment resulted from a disturbance of the normal intestinal microflora caused by the antibacterial action of the drug. 5. It is suggested that this method may be applicable to the experimental study of other enteric infections.


The present invention relates to a light emitting diode assembly. The LED assembly comprises a light emitting diode chip (1) electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic radiation) at least one light emitting diode chip most 13 is provided with a radiation exit surface (2) appears in the kitchen, the four-way generated in (1); Surrounding the light emitting diode chip (1) in the lateral housing (5); And a reflection lens (6) located downstream the radiation exit surface (2) in the four-way kitchen. The LED assembly is adapted to be in particular, using a device such as a camera mobile phone, a digital camera or a video camera. A light emitting diode, the carrier, reflective lens, a housing, a home


Debate has noticeably been penetrating our educational practice the last decades. Many studies have revealed many benefits of debate, including sharping up debaters' critical and analytical thinking, and deepening their understanding of the issues being debated. Debate has also been deemed as an effective pedagogical tool, for critical thinking and for L1 and L2 language development. Its effectiveness has been mainly ascribed to its ability to integrate the four language skills, stimulate learners to be active and engage them in interactive activities that entail working collaboratively to negotiate meaning. In many studies students acclaimed debate as fun and enjoyable. This study investigated the factors that underlie the 44 participants' (belonging to 2 groups) positive attitude towards debate as an instructional tool in the foreign language classroom. The data collection was triangulated consisting of a questionnaire and interviews. The study has revealed that the factors that positively shape the participants' favourable attitude towards debate are: active participation, challenge, teamwork, fun, critical thinking, language proficiency and debate vs coursebook. The independent samples t-test showed that both groups extended the same relevance to these factors in shaping their attitudes towards debate with the exception of critical thinking factor. However, the comparison between males and females revealed a number of significant differences. Index Terms—terms, debate, attitude, foreign language teaching, pedagogical tool


Triggers are event-condition-action rules in active databases. In order to improve the power of expression of triggers, the event part is typically modeled as a composite event or an event expression. We propose to model events as finite state automata of pre-defined types. We show how two example triggers types may be defined using a trigger definition language based on SQL3. The timer trigger is a trigger based on the timer automaton, and the counter trigger is based on the counter automaton. The approach results in a intuitive and simple triggers definition syntax and it allows for a stepwise trigger system implementation in object-oriented environments. The discussed triggers were implemented in the RAPID system‐a temporal and active fast-response database system for industrial applications.


Different reports describing the internal distribution of space charge in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) under DC field have been published recently. The most striking fact observed is the organization of the space charge into charge packets that cross the insulation. All models for charge packet formation imply that carrier recombination will occur. As the recombination region is potentially a luminescence one it is of interest to record the electroluminescence in this regime. This topic is addressed in this paper.


0.0 Introduction Anong, a Tibeto-Burman language of Yunnan, is in its last generation—in 1999, there were 62 fluent speakers left, all over 50. The descriptive material on Anong is quite limited; what there is all comes from the work of Sun Hongkai, particularly 1988, 1999a, and a preliminary, but still useful wordlist (Sun ms.); a little additi onal data can be found in Sun Hongkai 1999b and Sun and Li 2001. Cf. also the beginning of Thurgood 2003, which describes the language setting more fully. In Sun 1999a, Sun makes a numbe r of observations about the path of decline being fo ll wed by Anong, a language he has been documenting off and on since 1960. This piece augments that work, providing data to substantiate many of those observations and teasing out, where plausible, which changes represent larg ely internally-motivated attrition, which changes represent external contact with Lisu (and, secondarily, Chinese), and where and how the two mutually reinforce one another. In doing so, we draw on data from the Nungish languages (Trung (Dulong), Nu jiang, and Rawang), the languages most-closely related to Anong and on data from Lisu and secondarily Chinese, the languages Anong speakers are most intimately in contact with.


:- The world today is making rapid progress in its quest to realize the dream of a creating a user friendly, customer caring ambience. With every new dream comes the nightmare of a security of the system lapse which may allow the misuse of the system. A major success in trying to bridge the advent of a security lapse is the use of biometrics. Biometric systems are becoming increasingly important, since they provide more reliable and efficient means of identity verification. Biometric gait recognition (i.e. recognizing people from the way they walk) is one of the recent attractive topics in biometric research. This paper presents biometric user recognition based on gait. Most real-life biometric systems are still unimodal. Unimodal biometric systems perform person recognition based on a single source of biometric information. Such systems are often affected by some problems such as noisy sensor data, non universality and spoof attacks. Multi biometrics overcomes these problems. Multi biometric systems represent the fusion of two or more unimodal biometric systems. Such systems are expected to be more reliable due to the presence of multiple independent pieces of evidence. So , gait can be used alone as a biometric identification or it can be used with many other biometric trait .


Mesoporous Ti–W oxides, bearing high surface area, large pore volume, uniform pore size and tunable W/Ti ratios in a wide range (10–40 mol%), were successfully fabricated via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) strategy. In this approach, the incorporation of W species not only effectively resulted in well-ordered mesoporous structures when calcined below 400 °C but also modified the acidic properties of the obtained oxide composites. The optimal acid amounts (0.47–0.67 mmol g−1 for 400 °C calcinations, 0.25–0.27 mmol g−1 for 500 °C calcinations) were obtained when the W concentration was between 10 and 20 mol%. When calcined at 500 °C, Bronsted acids were generated in Ti90W10-500 and Ti80W20-500. The catalytic performance of these mesoporous solid acids in glycerol hydrogenolysis was studied with a loading of 2 wt% Pt. Pt/Ti100−nWn-500s exhibited high selectivity to 1,3-propanediol (33.5% and 40.3%) and promising catalytic activities (18.4% and 24.2% glycerol conversion) when n is 10 and 20, respectively. This work presents a step forward in the development of highly efficient glycerol hydrogenolysis catalysts and a new understanding of the reaction mechanism of glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol.


The invention provides a method and a device for discriminating the color of a touch pen, applied to a camera touch device. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-calculating the coordinates of a color camera on a screen and the included angle between the optical axis of the color camera and the horizontal direction, and obtaining the distortion correction parameter of the lens of the color camera; starting each camera to pick up an image and calculating the coordinates of the touch pen on the screen; calculating the transverse position coordinates of the touch pen in an image picked up by the color camera after distortion correction, thus obtaining the transverse position coordinates of the touch pen in an image picked up by the color camera before the distortion correction; and with the transverse position coordinates of the touch pen in the image picked up by the color camera before the distortion correction as the center, selecting a predetermined pixel area as a touch pen color discrimination area for discriminating the color of the touch pen. The method and the device provided by the invention determine the position of the touch pen in the picked-up image and are capable of effectively discriminating the true color of the touch pen so that touch operations are more visual.


A lateral line system is a flow-responsive organ system, with which fish can effectively sense the surrounding flow field, thus serving functions in flow-aided fish behaviors. Inspired by such a biological characteristic, artificial lateral line systems (ALLSs) have been developed for promoting technological innovations of underwater robots. In this article, we focus on investigating state estimation of a freely swimming robotic fish in multiple motions, including rectilinear motion, turning motion, gliding motion, and spiral motion. The state refers to motion parameters, including linear velocity, angular velocity, motion radius, etc., and trajectory of the robotic fish. Specifically, for each motion, a pressure variation (PV) model that links motion parameters to PVs surrounding the robotic fish is first built; then, a linear regression analysis method is used for determining the model parameters. Based on the acquired PV model, motion parameters can be estimated by solving the PV model inversely using the PVs measured by the ALLS. Finally, a trajectory estimation method is proposed for estimating trajectory of the robotic fish based on the ALLS-estimated motion parameters. The experimental results show that the robotic fish is able to estimate its trajectory in the aforementioned multiple motions with the aid of ALLS, with small estimation errors.


Background Aiming at the current situation of employment anxiety disorder of students in higher vocational colleges and universities, this study integrates the idea of integration of production and education into the ideological education of higher vocational colleges and universities, so as to optimize students' employment anxiety. Subjects and Methods In a higher education setting, 100 students with employment anxiety disorder were chosen as study participants. The 100 participants in the study were randomly divided into two groups: the integrated teaching group and the standard teaching group. Civics education was combined with the integration of business and education for students in the integrated teaching group, while only Civics education was used for students in the traditional teaching group. A self-made employment anxiety scale was used to assess each student's level of anxiety following a month of teacher training. Using SPSS23.0, all experimental data for this investigation were statistically evaluated. Results After one month of training, 32 students in the integrated group changed from severe to mild anxiety, and 18 were no longer anxious. In contrast, only five students in the traditional teaching group changed from severe to mild anxiety, while the others still had severe employment anxiety. Conclusions Integrating the idea of integration of production and education into the ideological education of higher vocational colleges and universities can effectively alleviate students' employment anxiety.


We present differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and freeze-fracture electron micrographs of the P03B2' phase of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) multilamellar liposomes in excess water with varying fractions of N-methyl substituted dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE * ). DMPE * was chosen as a dopant to eliminate the mismatch between the areas of the polar headgroup and the hydrocarbon chains of DMPC. DSC results show that the P03B2' phase disappears at a DMPE * mole fraction of about 0.15. Two distinct ripple configurations are observed at all DMPE * fractions that exhibited a P03B2' phase ; an asymmetric ripple of wavelength 12.0 nm and amplitude less than 6 nm and a symmetric ripple of incommensurate wavelength 22.0 nm and an amplitude of at least 9 nm. Defects, such as disclinations and grain boundaries are stabilized by DMPE *, but the ripple shapes, wavelength and amplitudes are unaffected. DMPE* also seems to prevent the annihilation of the ripples below the pretransition. The results are discussed in relation to continuum descriptions of the P03B2' phase. J. Physique 48 (1987) 2001-2011 NOVEMBRE 1987,


Weight loss of pods of small-fruiting okra cv. Boyiatiou stored at 10°C was higher than that of large-fruiting cv. Clemson spineless. Enclosure in plastic film reduced weight loss, but in Clemson spineless caused surface discoloration. In both cultivars, respiration and ethylene evolution increased during storage, while firmness and colour intensity decreased. Subsequent transfer of pods to room temperature (22°C) for three days increased loss of weight, firmness and colour, especially if the film was removed. We conclude that the small pods of cv. Boyiatiou may only be stored satisfactorily at 10°C if enclosed in plastic film, and for a period of > 5 days pods should not be subsequently subjected to shelf life at 22°C. The larger pods of Clemson spineless, however, store better in air at 10°C. Thus, recommendations for storage should take into account cultivar and pod size.


If there is one thing that has been consistent about Muslim presence in Britain, it is that the Muslim communities themselves are remarkably eclectic and constantly evolving, with factors such as i...


This research aims to design, validate and evaluate an educational program on alcoholic drinks, tobacco and marijuana, on highschool second year students at Liceo Bolivariano "Andres Eloy Blanco", Merida, Venezuela, during the school year 2015-2016. The educational program was developed with eXe Learning software, and done under the significant learning theory, with exhibition - discussion instructional design. The approach of the investigation was quantitative, evaluative type, correlational scope, and quasi-experimental design. It was found that the educational program is valid, according to five judges. The educational program was more effective than
the traditional program since the students showed better grades. The variables sex, occupation of student representative, educational level of student representative, use of drugs of relatives, environment surrounding and use of mass media information did not influence the school grades of the students. It is recommended the permanent use of the education program as support of other educational materials, for the subjects to whom it was designed, to other formal levels, to the family and to the communal organizations.


Through comparing with conventional gas field, the development features of Cujiazi unconventional gas field are: gas production declines quickly, areal formation pressure is disequilibrium, the period of stabilized production is short, and the recovery percent of reserves is low. Single well proration and gas recovery rate are studied through numerical simulation. This study can be used as a reference for development of similar gas fields.


In the paper, "TV‐trackmeter", a stereoscopic measuring system developed by Tecnomare, is presented, some recent innovations and upgrading are described, and its reliable use in hostile environments proved. The latest release of the device implements highlighted featuring capabilities such as 3D measuring, automatic mapping, false colour depth‐maps, geometric modelling, multi‐point tracking, recording/retrieving of stereo pair images, and use of new and more powerful hardware. A theoretical introduction to the operating mode of a stereoscopic device, followed by an error propagation analysis is included. A brief description is also given of the accuracy of the device, i.e. pose detection (position and attitude estimation) of the scene objects. An evaluation of the tracking speed capability is provided. Some examples are shown of trials carried out within a nuclear power plant and underwater. Two further applications for this system are described.


The experiments on the influence of periodical and continuous drainage, and periodical circulation of irrigation water on the growth of rice were made using artificial paddy soils, during 2 years 1956-57. The results obtained were as follows :-(1) The growth of leaves and stems showed no difference between periodical circulation drainage and control, but it was less in continuous drainage than in control. (2) Circulation of irrigation water and drainage magnified roots-crowd, especially, periodical circulation and drainage increased number, dry weight, depth and vitality of roots. (3) The yields in the drainage plot was decreasd partly by the loss of nutrients in the soil, but the yeild was increased in the periodical circulation by about 8 % than that of the control, accompanied with vigorous growth of roots. (4) Summarily, circulation of irrigation water is useful in oxygen supply to roots-crowd, increase of soil temperature preventing loss of various nutrients, exclude of injurious gases, economy of water and beneficial for rice plants growing in submerged paddy field, especially in leakage soils, and Akiochi soils.


Deep Learning presents a promising opportunity to design computational architectures for solving inverse problems. In this talk, we will present several approaches for performing computational imaging in this fashion, and discuss their relative merits especially with respect to image fidelity and robustness to noise.


T HE EIGHTY-THIRD Congress, First Session, met in the face of a situation heretofore untried, which resulted from the adoption of the Twentieth Amendment. The session was convened on January 3, but President Eisenhower did not take his oath of office until January 20, 1953.1 Hence, Congress received two State of the Union messages, a budget message and then revised budget estimates. President Truman sent his State of the Union message to Congress on January 7,2 followed by his budget message on January 9; President Eisenhower delivered his State of the Union message to Congress in joint session on February 2,3 and he authorized the agencies to request revised estimates of the Appropriations Committees.4 These documents and special messages served as a basis for the Congress to determine its legislative program.


The concept and attributes of basic architecture are introduced. The relationships between construction and order, user and architecture are discussed in order to help reader comprehensively understand the construction process and texture of basic architecture.


Objective To probe the proper management of dural defect during the spinal tumor operation.Methods Retrospectively investigated the clinical records of 13 patients with dural defect during the spinal tumor operation from Dec 2008 to Aug 2010 in our hospital.There were 5 males and 8 females.The age was 46 to 74 years old(mean 63.5 years old).There were 8 cases of spinal meningioma,3 cases of schwannoma,and 2 cases of vertebral metastasis.Results All incisions got heal up without leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,pseudomeningocele or central nervous system infection.Conclusion For the dural defects in the operation of spinal tumors,tamponade with own tissues,covering,tight stitching,pressure bandage and continuous drainage can effectively prevent from the complications.


This paper explores the operational and market efficiencies of various biotechnological company formats in Taiwan during the period 2006 to 2008 by adopting the two-stage directional distance function and the meta-frontier concept. It conducts an efficiency assessment by taking into account a five-year time lag between R&D investments and actually obtaining a patent in order to better reflect the actual business operating process and thus more accurately gauge the efficiency of business operations in biotechnological companies. The empirical results show that non-listed companies registered better operational efficiency in the first stage, whereas their market efficiency in the second stage is inferior to that of listed companies when the meta-technology set is used as a basis. The average operation gap ratio and market gap ratio of non-listed companies exceeded those of listed firms, indicating that the technological heterogeneity (i.e., the gap) of non-listed companies is smaller than that of listed ones.


The toxicity of crude oil on hatchery-reared Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings obtained from University of Calabar fish farm was studied in triplicates (A, B and C) using the water soluble fraction of crude oil for 96 h under laboratory conditions. Six concentrations ranging from 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/L were prepared from the water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil for the toxicity test. The experimental animals showed different percentage mortalities with toxicant concentrations. The 96 h LC50 for O. niloticus in the three batches (A, B and C) was 20 mg/L. The three batches of O. niloticus (P>0.05) had no significant difference in mortality indicating that the WSF of crude oil had same toxic effects on the test organisms. Toxicant exposure induced behavioral changes such as abnormal and uncoordinated swimming movement, restlessness, respiratory difficulties and attempt at jumping out. It was also observed that the WSF of crude oil had adverse effects on the test water causing alterations of the physico-chemical parameters. The results of the present study suggest that the water soluble fraction of crude oil had severe impacts on the test organism resulting in mortality.


An improved definition of the similarity metric based on the research of Professor Shihyen Chen is proposed, in order to solve the problem that the distances of mutual information and angle cosine do not satisfy the triangle inequality. The properties of proposed similarity metric are studied including the relationship with the distance. The phylogenetic trees of the genomes of 64 vertebrates are constructed by the method of composition vector and the distance based on similarity metric and mutual information or angle cosine. The results show that the distance of mutual information and angle cosine can be constructed by the improved definition of similarity metric, and the phylogenetic trees reconstructed by the constructed distance are agreement with the current known phylogenies of species.


Through the analysis of connotation of inclusive growth,this paper discusses the inclusive growth to promote the implementation of the change of the pattern of competitive sports development path.The research shows that in the crucial transformation of the mode of development of competitive sports reform,inclusive growth,as a theory scale,played a guiding role,established the value orientation of highly integrated and effective integration mechanism and built a looser external environment for the reform.The transformation of the development mode of competitive sports must adhere to people-oriented instead of instrumentalism value conception,jump out of the limitation of"growth"development ideas,innnovate systems and mechanisms,build multiple subject integration symbiotic development pattern on the basis of equal participation and sharing achievement,and pay attention to the structure of sports projects,sports areas and sports talents,etc.


For some decades, David Lamb has been seeking ways to help communities around the world reforest landscapes to improve ecological functioning and enhance local people's livelihoods. Here he describes how there is increasing world-wide interest in expanding reforestation to generate ecosystem services and outlines some of the issues this raises for restoration practitioners.


Static correction is an important link for seismic data processing.To make existed static correction tends to affecting stacking result of common depth point (CDP)and reality of structural feature on seismic profile,for low-am-plitude structure,in particular,it is very easy to delete or counterfeit it due to the static corrections.In order to properly deal with the issue affecting seismic data quality in seismic data processing and in complex surface area,this study pre-sents various methods for such static corrections,including advantages and shortcomings,prerequisites or conditions to use.In addition,examples are taken for how to apply these static correction methods so as to better solve the problems occurred in static corrections.


Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis and occurs frequently in patients with renal disease often leading to a significant burden on quality of life and functional status.1,2 Despite the established connection of renal disease with gout, little has been reported on the prevalence, patient characteristics, and associations of gout with other outcomes in the US hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) population.This project used a large end-stage renal disease (ESRD) focused-database, Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), to examine gout in dialysis-dependent patients.Gout patients were identified by active prescription (Rx) of (1) colchicine, (2) febuxostat, or (3) allopurinol; or by (4) prior diagnosis of gout from US cohorts of 70,297 HD (DOPPS, 2012-2020) patients and 5117 PD (Peritoneal DOPPS, 2014-2020) patients. Outcomes of HD and PD patients with and without a history of gout were compared with propensity score matching. Outcomes included erythropoietin resistance index (ERI = ESA dose/(hemoglobin*weight), cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality/hospitalization, and baseline patient-reported outcomes (PROs).Gout prevalence was 13% in HD and 21% in PD and was highest among incident dialysis patients. Of the gout patients identified, the most-commonly used gout-related medications were allopurinol (9-12%), followed by colchicine (2-3%), and then febuxostat (1%, Figure 1). Both HD and PD patients with gout (vs. no gout) were older and more likely male. Gout HD and PD patients had higher BMI and higher prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities than HD and PD patients without gout. After propensity score matching, mean ERI was 4% higher for gout vs. non-gout patients, while there was minimal evidence of association with clinical outcomes (mortality and hospitalization) or PROs.Figure 1.Gout prevalence by dialysis duration in patients undergoing HD and PD. Criteria for gout included gout diagnosis and use of a urate-lowering therapy.HD, hemodialysis; PD, peritoneal dialysis; mo, months; Rx, prescription; yrs, years. Some patients were included in multiple gout categories.Gout was common in US HD and PD patients, with a large proportion of these patients treated with drugs indicated for hyperuricemia (allopurinol and febuxostat) and gout flares (colchicine). The true prevalence of gout was likely higher than observed when considering potential under-ascertainment of gout diagnosis history in nephrology/dialysis-focused clinical settings.3 This report provides a snapshot of gout in the US dialysis population and offers opportunities to expand on research to improve awareness and care for patients with gout and ESRD.[1]Singh JA, Strand V. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67:1310–6.[2]Singh JA, Cleveland JD. BMC Neph 2019;20:93.[3]Roughley M, et al. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):243.Angelo Karaboyas Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Junhui Zhao Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Brian LaMoreaux Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Brad Marder Shareholder of: Horizon Therapeutics, Employee of: Horizon Therapeutics, Barry Gorlitsky Consultant of: AstraZenica, Davita, Horizon Therapeutics, Jensen Pharmaceuticals, KidneyAide LLC, vinicius domingues Consultant of: Abbvie, Aurinia Pharma, Exagen, Eli Lilly, Roberto Pecoits-Filho Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Bruce Robinson Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics


1 Patterns in the distribution of seeds of the marine angiosperm Halodule uninervis were described over spatial scales ranging from a few centimetres to meadows separated by more than 120 km along the north‐eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. Separate surveys examined how seed bank densities were related to: (i) the distribution of male and female plants (primary dispersal) and (ii) disturbances caused by turbulent water movement and the foraging of large marine vertebrates.


We have shown that if toxin II isolated from Anemonia sulcata is mainly cardiotoxic on Rats it nevertheless displays neurotoxic effects. Furthermore it releases acetylcholine from isolated Guinea Pig ileum.


PurposeKaplan and Norton proposed the strategy map as a way to overcome the weaknesses of the balanced scorecard (BSC), but this approach may not be enough. The purpose of this paper is to present a strategic management control package composed of three systems from strategic management and management control. This conceptual approach operationalizes strategic alignment, which is the core interest of the BSC.Design/methodology/approachThe rationale for this research is derived from the literatures on business models (BMs), the BSC and management control packages. The authors first identified gaps in the BSC literature, which has underlined the BSC's insufficient connection to strategy, and the strategic literature, which has criticized the BM as being too conceptual. The authors propose to fill these gaps through contributions from the management control package literature.FindingsThe findings are in line with the current literature on the interdependencies of management control systems. In response to the criticism of the BSC because of its weak strategic foundations, the authors provide a framework comprising three management systems: the BM, the strategy map and the BSC. This framework ultimately promotes two feedback loops that provide a dynamic view of the reciprocal influences of the BSC and strategy.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral authors note that the BSC suffers from a lack of conceptualization. The underlying assumptions and the conceptual and empirical validity of the cause-and-effect relationships are particularly questioned. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to overcome the criticism linked to the "low" strategic alignment of the strategy map, and then of the BSC, by proposing a conceptual framework based on a package including three management systems: the BSC, the strategy map and the BM. A major limit lies in the purely conceptual dimension of this research, and it will be interesting to empirically investigate the conceptual package through longitudinal case studies.Practical implicationsThe authors propose guidelines to develop a strategically aligned BSC through a three-step operationalization process to achieve a non-linear strategic management control. Moreover, the authors suggest empirical research avenues to address the weaknesses of Kaplan and Norton's BSC and to enhance its connection to strategy through an integrated strategic management control package that includes a BM.Originality/valueThis paper adds value by proposing a package of management systems that includes both strategic management and management control perspectives. The authors, therefore, offer a way to bridge the gap between these research streams and highlight the interest of recent developments in the literature regarding the management control package.


The effect on road accidents of reduced salting was estimated on the basis of accident risks on bare (free of ice and snow) and slippery roads and the changes that decreased salting causes in the proportions of vehicle kilometers driven on different road surface conditions. That the risk in slippery conditions may depend on the frequency of such conditions was also taken into account. The effects of studded tires on accidents were estimated on the basis of data from mail surveys and case study accidents. The effects of the use of studded tires on driving behavior were studied in real traffic so that drivers were unaware that their driving was being monitored. The final conclusions were drawn by combining results from a number of studies. Even though the results from a single study were often more indicative than conclusive, the studies together resulted in reasonably clear implications of the direction and magnitude of the effects. It was concluded that decreasing the use of salt or studded tires from the present level (approximately 95 percent of cars use studded tires and approximately 10 T of salt is used per road kilometer each winter) would increase injury accidents in winter. Accidents would increase 26 to 30 percent if salting were decreased by 80 percent and only 20 percent if cars were equipped with studded tires.


Papers often have more than one author. Decisions on how articles should be credited can be contentious. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors states that 'authorship credit should be based on: 1) substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3'.2


Writing tutors often have very little or no expertise in conventions of engineering writing. In this study, I examine the topics and politeness strategies of tutors' comments, investigating how non-expertise in engineering writing decreases the effectiveness of tutors' interactions with engineering students. I show how the three non-expert tutors gave inappropriate advice and often stated their advice with certainty. I also show how a tutor with expertise in engineering writing gave specific and useful guidance to her tutee and built rapport with him as well. I outline how writing tutors could be trained to help engineering students better.


Negative economic growth, corrupt governments, and global financial crisis; have
attributed to chronic poverty in diverse nations in the world. In fact, this has triggered the
Arab uprising, labor strikes and daily common unrest in the west. There must be a
solution and not empty promises of creating new jobs and getting people employed that
governments have made for ages. To promote entrepreneurship for young generation and
integrating these skills into the educational system is one solution. Entrepreneurship is
the act of being an entrepreneur, being innovator and introducing new ideas in business.
The effort to transform innovation into economic goods and forming new organizations is
what we are discussing. The traditional way of engineering education which focuses on
technical activities or issues associated with product, service and design has to be
reevaluated to include entrepreneurship and business activities. This paper discusses the
issue of entrepreneurial engineering education and its importance in economic
development in higher learning institutions. Integrating entrepreneurship into
engineering education is an imperative domain of technological development for the
Muslims' world. The paper proposes general framework for integrating entrepreneurship
into engineering educational system.


The author points out that in cases of high speeds there is a considerable drop in the running stability of two-axle trucks. The range in which self-excitation vibrations occur also drops and the loss in stability when running in a straight line for any reason whatsoever can, therefore, be dangerous.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of low back pain in nurses at a university hospital in São Paulo and establish a relationship with social aspects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, through the application of a questionnaire containing social questions(weight, age, height, work sector, working hours, physical activity, presence and frequency of low back pain) in addition to the Oswestry questionnaire. Results: One hundred fifty-three nurses participated in the study. Of these, 92.30% of the women and 73.91% of the men presented low back pain, with a third classifying the pain as sporadic. In relation to BMI, pain is lower in those who are underweight (60%) and higher among those who are overweight (96.77%). Most of the sample was sedentary (66%), and of these, 96% had low back pain. There was no difference in the comparison by working hours, in relation to work sector, pain was more present in the following sectors: coordination (100%); children's ward (92%); adult emergency room (90%) and adult ICU (31%). Thirty nurses worked double shifts, and of these, 90% reported low back pain, while among those who worked only at the university hospital, 89.4% reported pain. In relation to working hours, the longer the working day, the greater the pain. In the function assessment (Oswestry), 99 participants obtained a value of up to 30% disability. Conclusion: Based on the results of this work, it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of low back pain in nurses at the Hospital Universitário; however, it was not possible to determine a direct risk factor associated with this high prevalence. Level of Evidence IV; Cross-sectional study.


As a kind of common flexible actuator, when the pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) is applied to different robot systems, its displacement output performance is affected by the driving signal amplitude, frequency and external load. It is found that with the increase of input signal frequency, the width of PAM dynamic hysteresis loop increases and the height decreases. With the increase of end-load, the friction between the braided mesh and rubber hose increases, which leads to the change of hysteresis behavior of PAM. So far, there are few literatures describing the comprehensive dynamic hysteresis response of PAM driver accurately. In order to fully describe the input and output characteristics of PAM, the effects of input frequency and load on PAM dynamic hysteresis output are analyzed. Based on the series of EUPI hysteresis operator model and recursive fuzzy neural network NARMAX dynamic submodel, the load-depended dynamic hysteresis behavior of PAM actuator is described completely and accurately. In addition, a PAM end-load prediction method based on the inverse dynamic hysteresis model is proposed, which provides a new idea for the realization of driver-perception integration for flexible actuators.


External inducements, influences and the three stages of the extraordinary intervention plan. Causes of the collapse of the extraordinary intervention and the inverted poles paradox.


The electron photodetachment from 2.5~mM aqueous iodide solution is studied in the temperature range 25 to 75°C. The dynamics following excitation of the anion at 242~nm into the lowest CTTS state are studied in the spectral range of 400-1000~nm. A first intermediate is observed that builds up with a time constant of 220 to 180~fs in the investigated temperature interval and is assigned to an iodine:electron pair in a transient solvent configuration. Subsequent solvent reorganization leads to a quasi-equilibrated hydrated atom:electron pair (I:e-)hyd. The latter builds up with a time constant of 700 to 540~fs going from 25°C to 75°C. The following relaxation seems to be governed by partially diffusion-controlled recombination of the electron in the presence of an attraction potential well with depth of about 850~cm-1. The experimental result for the lifetime of the hydrated I:e- pair is 21 to 16~ps going from 25°C to 75°C.


Based on JJG596-1999 "Electronic Energy Meter Testing Procedures",this paper applied Class A method to evaluate the uncertainty caused by repeated measurements,and used Class B method to evaluate the uncertainty caused by traceable to standard tables,year stability of standard tables,the voltage terminal potential difference of standard table and seized table,power source stability,and finally calculated the expanded uncertainty by the combined standard uncertainty.


Herein we report a one-pot and efficient method for the synthesis of a 1,2-cis fused furanoside bicyclic oxazolidinone derivative of D-glucosamine via pyranose to furanose conversion and concomitant cyclization involving the N-Troc group. The D-glucosamine oxazolidinone derivative was efficiently transformed into oxazolidinones of D-xylosamine, D-allosamine and D-ribosamine.


As with any flow diagnostic imaging system, plenoptic PIV must be able to capture images under a wide variety of imaging conditions. One common problem is the change in magnification caused by a change in the index of refraction between a flow volume and the camera, often seen in water tunnel imaging. This work seeks to analytically derive the effect of refraction on the imaging equations and to find a correction factor for the depth of particles in a tomographic reconstruction of the volume. This solution was tested by a series of simulated images that were generated under three different conditions: no refractive interfaces, a flat refractive interface between the volume and the camera, and a flat refractive interface between the main lens and the microlens array. Results demonstrated that the depth of a particle is shifted with regard to the focal point of the system by a factor of the index of refraction. For an internal interface, this scaling remains true for all particles focused behind the interface, but there is significant deviation in particle depth for particles focused in front of this plane.


A summary is presented of current knowledge and key considerations in urban climate mitigation that have a bearing on planning practice in temperate climates. Urban climate is the intended or unintended local climate consequence of planning decisions at the street, neighbourhood and even city scales. Such local climate change adds to the changing global climate, where it both interacts with as well as exacerbates the human, energy, built environment and urban consequences of climate change. Although a relatively new field of study, knowledge about urban climate has sufficiently grown in recent decades to be of practical value to decision-making in the design and planning arenas. The climatic, wellbeing and carbon impacts of urban climate change are summarised along with best practices in mitigation and their relative merits. Key action points involve mapping heat vulnerability as well as enhancing heat resilience. It is hoped this briefing note will raise awareness of the wide range of issues involved in responding to the urban climate anomaly, whether in planning new districts or infilling existing ones.


A passively mode‐locked Nd:YAG laser using a semi‐insulating GaAs is accomplished. Ultrashort pulses, shorter than 10 ps, with an energy of 10 μJ per pulse are obtained. The dynamics of the pulse formation is described.


Abstract Regular polygons constructed on the sides of an arbitrary triangle often lead to intriguing configurations with triples of concurrent lines. We state and prove two general theorems covering many such configurations. The theorems are illustrated by many examples.


Claim. We argue that the superlative modifiers at least and at most (i) depend on the strength ranking over the answers to the question under discussion (QUD) for their interpretation and (ii) are inquisitive, unlike more and less/fewer. We make both of these claims precise with a synthesis of Beaver and Clark's (2008) pragmatic scales with unrestricted inquisitive semantics (Ciardelli et al. 2009). Our theory captures the following facts.


pre-miRNA an oligoribonucleotide that is encoded by the human MIR92A1 gene and is involved in the regulation of gene expression.


ABSTRACT This article provides a contextualisation for the study of relations between the European Union and Africa. We identify seven major trends and drivers that have characterised the literature surrounding the relationship: colonial legacy, meanings of partnership, asymmetry, market liberalisation, politicisation, regional actorness and the changing global order. In the literature, these elements tend to be examined separately or in unidirectional perspectives. This article argues, however, that each element invariably influences both sides, although not necessarily in the same manner or to the same effect. In addition, most elements are intertwined and influence each other. These entanglements become visible when examining all seven elements as part of one context. This article suggests that proceeding on an assumption of mutual influence and highlighting the intertwined nature of the different elements constitutes a framework that serves this special issue's efforts to recalibrate African and European perspectives in the scholarship.


Objective To explore the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) pre-inducing on marrow stroma cells(MSCs) which were induced into dopaminergic neurons.Methods The rat MSCs were isolated primarily from the femurs and tibias of the Wistar rats.MSCs were cultured,proliferated and purified by passage culture.After being induced by bFGF,cultuered MSCs were divided into experimental groups(GM1 group,GDNF group and GDNF+ GM1 group) and control group.The surface markers of the differentiated neuron,such as neurone specific enolase(NSE),glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and TH were detected by immunocytochemistry after MSCs were cultured in induction media for 3 days and 7 days.Results In control group,the NSE expression of MSCs was very low.Many NSE-positive cells and TH-positive cells were found in the experimental groups at 3 or 7 days after induction.The percentage of NSE-positive and TH-positive cells of GDNF+GM1 group was significantly more than the other experimental groups(all P0.01).Conclusions After being induced by bFGF,GDNF and GM1 may promote MSCs to differentiate into not only neuron-like cells expressed with NSE expression but also dopaminergic neuron-like cells expressed with TH.


Renewable energy sources help increase the energy supply security and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Vietnam. Highly variable and stochastic nature of renewable energy sources poses some challenges to study the problem of generation expansion planning for long-term perspective. The proposed multiobjective model for generation expansion planning considers the fuel restrictions on the power generation and transmission network to measure the geographical impact of the generation additions. Its objectives are minimization of investment, operation and transmission costs, environmental impact, imports of fuel and unmet demand cost Also the model takes into account the following types of constraints: flow balance constraints in the network with demand covering, power generation and transmission limit, generation and transmission investment, availability of local production of fossil fuels, system reliability requirements, maximum and minimum shares of RE resources, energy supply security requirements. Keywords— generation expansion planning, renewable energy, long-term energy development, power system, decision support


The International Simple Glass (ISG) is considered as reference benchmark glass and is used in the frame of an international collaboration for the study of the dissolution mechanisms of high-level vitrified nuclear waste. In this work the forward dissolution rate of the ISG was determined in different alkaline solutions, as a simulation of the disposal conditions foreseen by the Belgian concept for geological disposal of vitrified waste. The determination of the forward dissolution rate was done by measuring the Si released from the glass in solution in tests performed at 30 °C in four different KOH solutions with pH varying from 9 to 14 and in artificial cementitious water at pH 13.5. The forward dissolution rates determined for the ISG in high pH solutions are in good agreement with the results obtained for a lower pH range. The rates obtained in this study, moreover, were compared with the rates measured in the same conditions for SON68 glass from a previous work. The values obtained for the two glasses are comparable in artificial cementitious water and in KOH at moderately alkaline pH. At higher pH, ISG glass shows a lower forward dissolution rate with respect to SON68 (0.20 g•m^−2•d for ISG and 0.35 g•m^−2 d for SON68 at pH 14).


The principles of construction and theory of measuring conversion of physical quantities using a single fractional rational measurement scale. For the first time, the example of measuring the frequency of radio signals (with unknown time access to signals) have demonstrated the possibility of practical improvement both accuracy and speed measurements at 100–1000. The prospects of use: Methodology of the new theory can be used anywhere where you need to increase simultaneously the parameter PRECISIONxSPEED MEASUREMENT of physical quantities (military technology and medicine (imaging, rapid analysis, ultrasound), nanotechnology).


This article is a condensed version of a paper summarizing the 1994 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) European Study Tour. It includes highlights from the First World Congress on Applications of Intelligent Transport Systems and selected technical visits made during the tour.


In Wang Anyi'novel The Age of Enlightenment,it develops a story with the view of youth,which has both advantages and disadcantages.It has completed road of enlightening easily,and has shown the time tragedy powerfully,but it has brought about difficulty on reading,and also presents to the reader an abrupt heated discussion about residential culture.


In this paper, a transceiver for human body channel (BCC) transmission is presented. BCC has the advantage of being less susceptible to interference from the external environment and consuming less power. First, the convolutional code encodes the data on the transmission side, and then the bit buffer and NRZI code are used to make the transmission more reliable, and the CRC32 code is inserted. On the receiver side, the proposed 16 times oversampling clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit recover the clock and data, and then the data are decoded by the Viterbi decoder. Finally, the correctness of the packet data is checked by the CRC32 code. The proposed BCC transceiver was implemented in TSMC 90nm CMOS process and can achieve a 5Mbps data rate with BER < 10−9 with energy/bit 0.34nJ/b (TX) and 0.4654nJ/b (RX).


A highly diastereoselective addition of substituted racemic allylic zinc reagents to chiral N- tert-butanesulfinylimines resulting in the formation of homoallylic amines is reported. This method is quite general and also efficient for the preparation of enantiomerically pure homoallylic amines bearing quaternary centers and also adjacent quaternary centers.


COSMO-SkyMed constellation will acquire data from its four SAR satellites in several image modes, and will generate focused data products. As images will be acquired at fine geometric resolution and will cover medium sized swath, the SAR processing involved will result well suited to parallel programming implementation.


The effect of salinity on Jatropha curcas (J. curcas), native to nonsaline humid areas, and Jatropha cinerea (J. cinerea), native to saline dry areas, was compared to assess the potential of cultivating J. curcas for biodiesel production in saline soils that are not suitable for food production. Growth parameters, water relations, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance of both species under salinity were measured. Dry weight of both species decreased with increasing concentrations of salt; however, both species can grow at salinities up to ˜100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Decline of stomatal conductance was one of the main factors causing reduction in growth of Jatropha spp. Growth of J. curcas was inhibited more than that of J. cinerea by decline in growth parameters and chlorophyll content, but J. curcas shows sufficient hardiness to be cultivated in moderately saline soils with more favorable water relations.


Fetal dural sinus thrombosis (DST) is a rare condition. Although numerous case reports exist, the findings appear heterogenous and providing accurate patient counselling remains challenging.


Experiments were carried out on the flow pattern, heat transfer, and pressure drop of flow boiling of pure CO2 and CO2-oil mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro-fin tubes. The smooth tube is a stainless steel tube with an inner diameter of 3.76 mm. The micro-fin tube is a copper tube with a mean inner diameter of 3.75 mm. The experiments were carried out at mass velocities from 100 to 500 kg/(m2·s), saturation temperature of 10 °C, and the circulation ratio of lubricating oil (PAG) was from 0 to 1.0 mass%. Flow pattern observations mainly showed slug and wavy flow for the smooth tube, but annular flow for the micro-fin tube. Compared with the flow patterns in the case of pure CO2, an increase in frequency of slug occurrence in the slug flow region, and a decrease in the quantity of liquid at the top of the tube in the annular flow region were observed in the case of CO2-oil mixtures. With pure CO2, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by nucleate boiling in the low vapor quality region, and the heat transfer coefficients for the micro-fin tube were higher than those of the smooth tube. With CO2-oil mixtures, the flow boiling heat transfer was dominated by convective evaporation, especially in the high vapor quality region. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient decreased significantly when the oil circulation ratio was larger than 0.1 mass%. For the pressure drop characteristics, in the case of pure CO2, the homogeneous flow model agreed with the experimental results within ±30% for the smooth tube. The pressure drops of the micro-fin tube were 0–70% higher than those predicted with the homogeneous flow model, and the pressure drops increased for the high oil circulation ratio and high vapor quality conditions. The increases in the pressure drops were considered to be due to the increase in the thickness of the oil film and the decrease in the effective flow cross-sectional area. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20287


In the light of the constitutional recognition of customary law as one of the sources of our law, this article explores whether the Law of Evidence Amendment Act 45 of 1988 is still relevant as a basis for its ascertainment during litigation. The questions that are addressed deal with the status of customary law, whether courts may take judicial notice thereof or whether it should be proved, and on what basis? In short, the question is whether the constitutional recognition of customary law has made any difference to prior evidentiary rules or practice with regard to its application in court.


Composting is a natural biological process which results in the degradation of organic waste to a stable end product, commonly referred to as compost, which can be utilized for various agricultural purposes. Increasing landfill costs and regulations which limit many types of waste accepted at landfills has increased interest in composting as a component of waste management (Goldstein and Spencer, 1990, Goldstein, 1991). Composition of waste varies from yard waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), source separated MSW, agricultural production and processing waste and various other industrial organic waste. With such diversity in waste products coupled with variation in the composting processes one would expect extreme variability in the chemical and physical properties of final product as reported by (Cook et al. 1994; He et al. 1992; Bugbee, 1994; Elwell et a1 1994).


Editor's Note: Purpose in Life (PIL) is a research area that focuses on the interactions between mind and body and the powerful ways in which emotional, mental, social, and spiritual factors can directly affect health. It links the belief that your life has meaning and purpose to a robust and persistently improved physiological health outcome—particularly as a way to treat dementia, spinal cord injuries, stroke, and immunological and cardiovascular issues that include but extend beyond the brain. While it has inspired significant research, the authors contend that PIL is underappreciated, given its potential importance and interest to both the clinical and lay communities.


A seismic disturbance loses energy irreversibly as it propagates through real rock. The estimation of this intrinsic absorption effect via the so-called seismic quality factor Q has challenged the geophysicist for many years. Its knowledge has led to the development of a series of Q-based attributes whose judicious use can help with reservoir evaluation and in monitoring hydrocarbon production. It is also known that Q is related to both rock porosity and permeability, although both the theoretical and experimental basis for this effect remain controversial. Nevertheless, SEG's Development and Production (D&P) Committee has concluded that the time is now ripe for a meeting of the minds about these and related issues.


PURPOSE: To execute and adjust the transfer of a telephone call and the transfer of information based on another host processor related with the call by constituting one pair of host data structures so that an extension can be connected with a specific display terminal connected with a host application and a specific CICS application. CONSTITUTION: Whether or not a user presses a function key indicating that sharing is requested is judged. The user is requested to input an extension for identifying a caller related with a telephone call whose access is requested. Next, the entry of the user is formatted by a CICS, and tramsmitted to a host for a processing. The host receives this CICS transaction, and moves the transaction of a display terminal related with the extension to the transaction of the user. A CBX connects the user with an extension through which a conference is already being progressed by using a standard call conference. A call management control table is updated for indicating a new situation. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


ABSTRACT Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ipratropium bromide (IPB) in liquid for nebulization are described. Method A, is based on the formation of a charge transfer complex with iodine. The reaction product is measured spectrophotometrically at 278 nm. Method B, is based oh the formation of an ion – association complex between the drug and an acidic dye, Bromocresol green (BCG), which is extractable into chloroform and has an absorption maximum at 418 nm. Method C, uses derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of IPB by measuring the D2-value at 232 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range 1-10, 2-16 and 5-30 μg ml− for method A, B and C, respectively. The optimum conditions for the formation of the charge transfer or ion-association complexes were optimized. The proposed methods were applied for the determination of IPB in liquid for nebulization. Evaporation to dryness and extraction of the residue with isopropanol, were performed before application of methods A & B. Mean percentage recoveries were found to be 99.67 ± 0.79, 99.26 ± 1.06 and 100.21 ± 0.85 for method A, B, and C, respectively.


In order to make image-based displacement measurement get a fast measuring speed and high precision,a subpixel displacement measuring method based on algorithm of Lagrange interpolation and Newton method is proposed.In the method,a quartic polynomial is obtained by applying Lagrange interpolation to 5 correlation coefficient values from the corresponding integer-pixel points,and then newton method is introduced to find the polynomial extremum.The position of this extremum represents the subpixel displacement of the measured point.Thanks to the adoption of the concision Lagrange interpolation and the fast-evaluating Newton method,time-consuming correlation computation in the process of subpixel matching is greatly cut down with maintains of excellent measuring precision.The theoretic deduction and simulative experiments indicate that the method has many advantages in the measuring precision,speed under the range of 0.05~0.1 pixels resolution.


Hot mixed asphalt (HMA) pavements are normally constructed with multiple passes of the paver. Typically, one lane is laid-down with each pass. Consequently, a longitudinal construction joint is formed between the constructed lanes. A low density at the longitudinal joint would result in water penetrating into the HMA layer and damaging the HMA mix and the supporting layers. The water damage usually causes premature failure of the flexible pavement. One way to avoid such failures is to construct a dense longitudinal joint that would prevent the intrusion of water. The overall objective of this research was to establish the needed knowledge base for the development and implementation of a longitudinal joint specification for the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT). A field-testing program was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the various joint geometries and compaction techniques in increasing the joint density and providing improved performance. In order to meet the objective of this research two field-testing programs were conducted. The field-test projects in the summer of 2004 evaluated five joint geometries and two joint rolling techniques. The field-test project in the summer of 2005 evaluated the three most promising joint geometries as identified from the summer 2004 program. Based on the analysis of the data generated from all the field-testing programs, it is recommended that NDOT implement the following joint density specification: (1) The density at the joint should be a maximum of 2% less than the corresponding mat density, and (2) The density at the joint should be a minimum of 90% of the theoretical maximum density (TMD). Reviewing the data from the summer 2005 project on the joint densities and the differences between the mat and joint densities leads to the following conclusion: All three joint geometries: natural slope (A), cut edge with rubberized tack coat (C), and tapered joint at 3:1 (E) will meet the recommended joint density specification.


According to the most important problem of the current high performance computer that can not achieve the satisfied performance,collective communications as the most important part of the large-scale scientific computing and engineering applications are selected as the Research object.The relationship between LogGP model and α+nβ model is established through analyzing the collective communication Reduce theoretically and experimentally.The LogGP model and α+nβ model are improved when characterizing the time complexity of the collective communications.These are contributed to the studying and designing of the collective communications.


The cross sections of (n,2n) reactions produced by 14Mev neutrons on P/ sup 31/, Fe/sup 54/, Ag/sup 107/, and Sb/sup 121/ were measur ed by using an excitation method. The method consists in the coincidence detection of the two photons at 511 kev caused by the annihilation of the positrons emitted. The results are in very good agreement with the theory of evaporation. (tr-auth)


OBJECTIVE To explore the causes of complicated pulmonary infections in the elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia so as to guide the clinical prevention and treatment.METHODS The clinical data of 300elderly patients who needed the abdominal surgery under general anesthesia from May 2011to May 2012 were collected,then the general information and related medical history of the participants were recorded in detail,the subjects were divided into the infection group with 80cases and the noninfection group with 220cases according to the status of pulmonary infections,and the causes of the pulmonary infections were analyzed.RESULTS Of totally 300elderly patients who underwent the abdominal surgery under general anesthesia,the pulmonary infections occurred in 80cases with the incidence rate of 26.7%.Among the patients in the infection group,the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease history,diabetes mellitus history,and invasive operation accounted for 62.5%,62.5%,and 56.3%,respectively and accounted for 40.9%,45.5%,and 40.9%in the non-infection group.The operation duration was(2.3±0.8)h in the infection group,(1.5±0.9)h in the non-infection group;the serum albumin level was(29.2±3.2)g/L in the infection group,(36.9±4.2)g/L in the non-infection group;the difference in the various indicators between the infection group and the non-infection group was significant(P0.05).The multivariate analysis indicated that the COPD history,diabetes history,prolonged operation duration,and low albumin level were the independent factors for the postoperative pulmonary infections(P0.05).CONCLUSIONIt is necessary to take corresponding prevention interventions for the patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia who are complicated with COPD,diabetes,prolonged operation duration,or low albumin level.


Sally Kornbluth, PhD, James B. Duke Professor in the department of pharmacology and cancer biology at Duke University and the vice dean for basic science in Duke's School of Medicine, has been named provost at Duke University. She succeeds Peter Lange, PhD, who steps down on June 30 after serving in the post for 15 years. Dr. Kornbluth has served on the faculty at Duke since 1994 and has held a number of leadership roles. She was appointed vice dean for basic sciences at the medical school in 2006 and is recognized for her role in directing the School of Medicine's clinical research enterprise from 2009Y2011. She has been recognized as an outstanding educator with the School of Medicine's Basic Science Research Mentoring Award in 2012 and the Distinguished Faculty Award from the Duke Medical Alumni Association in 2013. Dr. Kornbluth earned a bachelor of science in genetics in 1984 from Cambridge University, where she was a Herchel Smith Scholar at Emmanuel College. She earned her PhD in molecular oncology from the Rockefeller University in 1989 and completed postdoctoral training at the University of California, San Diego. Her research has focused on cell proliferation and programmed cell death. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.


Summary: Purpose: To assess the occurrence and prognosis of benign focal epileptiform discharges (BFED) in EEG after severe head trauma (SHT) in children.


Shock ignition (SI) is one of the methods considered in the concept of inertial confinement fusion (ICF). This two-step ICF process separates fuel assembly and ignition, relaxing the driver requirements and promising high gains. In SI scheme, a strong spherical shock wave converging at the end of the initial laser pulse ignites the pre-compressed fuel. In shock ignition, when the hot spot pressure is much higher than the surrounding cold fuel pressure, the fuel structure is considered non-isobaric. In this research, ignition conditions and fuel efficiency in shock ignition method were investigated. Then, the fuel efficiency correlations of total fuel energy, fuel gain and hot-spot radius in a non-isobaric model of fuel assembly were improved and compared with the numerical results of deuterium-tritium (DT) homogeneous fuel in SI scenario. Calculations showed that the hot spot formation conditions depend on the hot spot density and the surrounding cold fuel. Furthermore, using the improved energy efficiency equation, the role of physical parameters such as fuel mass and different ratios of hot spot pressure to the surrounding cold fuel pressure in energy efficiency were investigated.


Many Strength of Materials teaching laboratories seem to be out of touch with the requirements of the modern mechanical engineering student. Interest in new materials, often for use under extreme conditions of temperature and varying load, is growing rapidly but the subjects of fatigue, creep and brittle fracture receive scant attention in many laboratory courses. Similarly, few courses make effective use of the great advances made in recent years in the techniques of experimental stress analysis. This article considers some of the factors involved in the design of a Strength of Materials laboratory to meet modern needs.