The principle scope of this research work is the understanding of the influence of non-axisymmetric rotor end wall profiling on the unsteady interaction between the rim seal purge flow and the rotor secondary flows. Rotor end wall profiling is used to mitigate the negative effects on the turbine performance caused by the rim seal purge flow injected between the first nozzle guide vane and the rotor. Experimental investigations in low-pressure turbine representative conditions are carried out. In the open literature the amount of available experimental taken in rotating machines is very limited and the unsteady interaction between injected purge flow and the rotor secondary flows has not been experimentally investigated in great detail. For this work, the unshrouded rotor of the standard 1.5-stage turbine configuration of the experimental research facility at the LEC was replaced by a shrouded rotor with the same blade count, but with thinner airfoils more representative of a low-pressure rotor. Two sets of non-axisymmetric end walls for the hub and the shroud were designed and experimentally compared to an axisymmetric rotor. The purge flow was included in the end wall design process. For each of the three rotor geometries measurements were made at three purge flow injection rates providing a consistent 3x3 result matrix for the study. The main measurement probe technology used in the context of this experimental investigation are the two-sensor fast response aerodynamic probe (FRAP) and the fast entropy probe (FENT). In addition, the results of time-accurate RANS simulations are compared to the measurements and the computations are also used to detail the flow field inside the rotor blade row where no probe data can be acquired. Both designs of the non-axisymmetric end walls showed the beneficial effects in improved measured total-to-total turbine stage efficiency by 0.75%± 0.32% and 1.05% ± 0.32% respectively. Furthermore the inclusion of the purge flow in the end wall design process was also successful giving a 30% reduction in sensitivity t purge flow. Or in other words the second end wall design was found to provide an efficiency compensation equivalent to 0.8% of additional purge flow. The efficiency benefits are primarily caused by


A utism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and social interaction skills, as well as restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Recent estimates suggest that ASD is the fastest growing disability in the United States, affecting an estimated 1 in 88 children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Consequently, public school districts have observed similar growth in the number of students being served with ASD, given that 406,957 cases were classified under autism in 2012, an increase of 7,414% since initial classification in 1992 (U.S. Department of Education, 1995, 2012). Given the rapid increase in the number of students with a special education classification of autism, it is essential that school personnel be knowledgeable of best practices for children with ASD. Teachers must be skilled in providing differentiated instruction to adequately meet the needs of students with ASD who require additional attention and support (Fuchs, Fuchs, & Stecker, 2010). Although implementation of evidence-based practices is required by current legislation (No Child Left Behind Act, 2002), many evidencebased practices for individuals with ASD are not implemented in schools due to limited time and resources (Bellini & McConnell, 2010)—often associated with challenges of balancing targeted intervention for students with ASD and instruction of the larger group of students (e.g., Tilly, 2003). Instead, many of the intervention strategies most regularly implemented by public school personnel for children with ASD lack empirical support (Hess, Morrier, Heflin, & Ivey, 2007), waste the limited resources available to schools (Simpson et al., 2005), and fail to produce improvements in generalized settings (Bellini & Akullian, 2007).


Lower bounds on the maximal cross correlation between vectors in a set were first given by Welch and then studied by several others. In this work, this is extended to obtaining lower bounds on the maximal cross correlation between subspaces of a given Hilbert space. Two different notions of cross correlation among spaces have been considered. The study of such bounds is done in terms of fusion frames, including generalized fusion frames. In addition, results on the expectation of the cross correlation among random vectors have been obtained.


This study reviews two anthologies of modern Korean literature in a descriptive way with a focus on the notion of globalization of Korean literature and translation. Through the comparison of the two anthologies, the study attempts to show how distant the previous approaches to translation of Korean literature were from the goal of globalizing the nation's literature. In order to locate the place of translation in Korean literature, the study first reviews previous discussions on globalization of Korean literature, those related to translation, in particular. Then, two chosen anthologies of Korean literature, The Modern Korean Literature: An Anthology (1990) and The Modern Korean Fiction: An Anthology (2005), are examined in terms of their organization, preface/introduction, and contents. According to the results of the comparison, neither of the two provided a rationale for the works selected or information on translators except for their names, and both of the anthologies were more like academic textbooks than a literary book. Editions of anthologies can be an effective way to introduce a nation's literary works, particularly at an initial stage. It is, however, not always a good strategy because an anthology may not find its use other than as a textbook and easily end up sitting on a library bookshelf.


This study investigates ethnic differences (white vs. non-white) in a sample of 121 analgesic drug related deaths. Initial data on deaths with toxicological findings of propoxyphene (Darvon) and/or codeine involvement were obtained from the files of the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner's Office. Interviews were conducted with surviving family members, friends, and attending physicians. The findings indicate greater codeine involvement for nonwhites and greater propoxyphene involvement for whites; a higher incidence of illicit drug abuse among nonwhites, with Caucasians more likely to have abused medically prescribed drugs; a higher incidence of alcohol related problems for nonwhites; and greater indications of psychological and social distress prior to death among the Caucasian subsample. Informants for the Caucasian group indicate a relatively greater awareness of the decedent's use of analgesic drugs prior to death. The use of analgesic drugs was also more likely to have been a sufficient or major cause of death within the Caucasian subsample.


The effects of clofazimine on macrophages obtained from mice fed by gavage with various drug concentrations were studied. The results obtained demonstrated an increase in the activity of various lysosomal enzymes and in the amount of labeled immune complexes phagocytosed at drug concentrations of 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg body weight. This confirms and extends the effects reported by us of clofazimine's action on the lysosomal apparatus.


Abstract : As presently used, the immersed weight rate, I sub l, is the volume rate, Q, of longshore transport, multiplied by a constant. For use in engineering problems, I sub l must be converted back to the equivalent Q. The I sub l formulation may be important where the unit weight of sand differs significantly from the unit weight of sand at the open-coast sites contributing data to the design curve. Increase in void ratio may result in a 10- to 20-percent increase in actual (as compared to predicted) shoaling volumes where sand accumulates in protected water. Void ratio should be measured in field studies of longshore transport.


The user identification based on PKI is currently necessary for electronic commerce. Therefore, when a private key is revealed to an attacker, he can disguise himself as a legitimate holder of the key. This can cause a financial damage to the consumer. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a new security scheme which contains MAC as a stronger digital evidence [1]. In this paper, we discuss the problem and possible solution from the viewpoint of both technologies and social science.


Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) is a strategy commonly used by companies to achieve growth, expand market share, gain access to new technologies, and achieve competitive advantage. However, the M&A process does not always go according to plan and can present complex challenges. Many companies have failed in conducting mergers and acquisitions, which has an impact on organizational performance and shareholder value. Therefore, it is very important to understand the factors that influence the success and failure of this process, especially in the context of a telecommunications company such as PT Indosat Tbk (IOH). The literature shows that there are many factors that contribute to the success or failure of mergers and acquisitions. These factors include clear strategy and objectives, effective operational integration, management of organizational culture, strong leadership, effective change management, human resource management, and external factors such as market conditions and regulations. It is important for companies to carefully consider and manage these factors in their mergers and acquisitions processes. The case study of PT Indosat Tbk (IOH) is the focus of this research article. The company has experienced mergers and acquisitions in its history, namely with PT Hutchison 3 Indonesia (H3I) or Tri Indonesia. Therefore, analyzing the factors that influence the success and failure in PT Indosat Tbk (IOH) mergers and acquisitions can provide valuable insights for other companies planning M&A in the future. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through relevant literature studies, financial reports, and company publications. The collected data is then analyzed systematically to identify the factors that influence the success and failure of mergers and acquisitions at PT Indosat Tbk (IOH). The findings of this study are expected to provide insight and better understanding of company performance and post-merger acquisition achievements, especially in the context of PT Indosat Tbk (IOH). With a better understanding, companies can take the right steps to increase the chances of success in the M&A process.


The Bott suspension map ([1]) is a map from the suspension of a symmetric space H/K into another symmetric space G/H, and its adjoint H/K → Ω(G/H) for compact classical groups G is well known. But its analogue for non-compact Lie groups has not been so studied. In this paper we present two such maps. A construction of the Bott suspension map in [6] can be applied to a non-compact group G. Precisely, we take two automorphisms σ, τ of G which commute and satisfy certain conditions. Then we have maps


In this paper,we used data of the days and duration time of sandstorms and 98 weather stations of eastern part of Northwest China together with the methods such as EOF,REOF,t-test,Mann-Kendall and wavelet analysis to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and evolution law and the cyclical characteristics of each climate area on the days and duration time of sandstorms.The result indicated: the sandstorm days were more in the north and less in the south of the eastern part of Northwest China.Being influenced by macro-scale weather system,the main manifestation of the sandstorm days was abnormal in the entire area,but there was regional difference.The sandstorm days in eastern part of Northwest China could be divided into four climate areas.They were Hexi Corridor-Alashan area,Ordos-Ulan Buh area,Qaidam-Chaka cold area and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Loess Plateau area.The number of sandstorm days in eastern part of Northwest China was reducing in recent a 40 years.There was a 4-year cycle in all climate areas.The jump of sandstorm days took place in the mid to the late of 1980s.The source area of the jump of sandstorm days was in desert areas and their correlative areas,and the jump spread from these areas to the remaining areas.There were different distribution characteristics between duration time and sandstorm days.The longest(shortest) duration time of sandstorm was not in the areas where the sandstorm days were the most(least).The duration time has different change characteristic in different climate areas.The difference existed in the time of jump between duration time and sandstorm days.The jump of duration time of sandstorm did not take place in the Hexi Corridor-Alashan area and Ordos-Ulan Buh area where the sandstorm days were more.And the change rate of duration time of sandstorm increased after the mid 1980s.There was the tendency of the duration time of sandstorm changing longer after the 1990s.


CREAGHE, Emily Caroline, ca.1861-1944. - Record Holding - The Dalton Guide to Sources in North Queensland - NAME is a biographical, bibliographical and archival database of SUBJECT with links to related articles and images. ADD MORE DESCRIPTION AS REQUIRED


In this article I argue that the spaces of freedom and constraint that personalized planning programs targeted at Australian single parents open up and close down are distinctly different when viewed from a top-down perspective of governmental rationalities as compared to a bottom-up perspective, or what Foucault referred to as the 'witches' brew' of actual practices. Around 90% of single parents with dependent children in Australia are single mothers, and around 80% of these single mothers receive single rate Parenting Payment. Changes to this payment (and its precursor, Sole Parent Pension) over the last 25 years have recognized this gendered composition by focusing on issues of mothering and the intensive activities of care that continue to be carried out most commonly by mothers. While the existing literature argues that the 2005 Welfare to Work package sharply broke with this practice by not focusing on gender and the unique features of mothers' life courses, I find that these considerations have remained a key part of the 'witches' brew' of actual practices. Given this finding, a key argument is that studies of governmentalities which combine sociologies of actual practices together with studies of official governmental rationalities can make important critical contributions to understanding the heterogeneous logics and practices through which welfare reform policies occur.


The highly living character of a number of cationic polymerizations has been used to synthesize new, well defined, segmented copolymers. This has been achieved by sequential monomer additions, by grafting reactions, by macromonomer copolymerizations as well as by transfer to polymer. In the present report, a number of examples of such polymers will be presented. The new materials are based on tetrahydrofurane (THF), alkyloxazolines (ROx), cyclic amines, cyclic acetals and cyclic sulfides.


Summary The effect of aminophylline on the coronary vasodilator effect of adenosine and myocardial reactive hyperemia following different periods of coronary occlusion was studied in 5 anesthetized dogs. It has been shown that aminophylline decreases the volume and duration of hyperemic flow produced by adenosine approximately 41 and 11%, respectively, and by ischemia, approximately 42 and 31%, respectively. These results support the concept that adenosine is possibly a metabolic mediator in the regulation of coronary blood flow.


Body dysmorphic disorder affects 2.4% of the U.S. adult population, with the most common age of onset between 12 and 13 years. However, research in the area of adolescent BDD is minimal. This case study describes the intensive approach of treatment used for a 14-year-old female diagnosed with BDD. Treatment included an individualized course of cognitive behavioral therapy and exposure and response prevention. BDD symptoms decreased after 27 full-day sessions in an outpatient clinic. In addition, general levels of anxiety decreased and level of functioning increased. Tailoring standard treatments and utilizing developmentally appropriate techniques were significant factors for the adolescent's success. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.


There are a lot of similarities as well as differences between English metaphorical expressions and Chinese ones.Taking the cognitive approach to metaphor as its framework,this paper makes a cognitive comparison between English and Chinese metaphors of anger with examples in both languages.It claims that the similarities can be attributed to physical basis as well as emotional experiences,while the differences arise from cultural factors.This conclusion reminds English learners to focus on the similarities as well as the differences between Chinese and English.


Comparison of properties of high-resistivity GaAs oscillator with those of the Gunn and the acoustoelectric oscillator is made from the point of view of application. The triggered mode of operation of the high-resistivity oscillator is analyzed by measuring the domain characteristic. Operations of the oscillator utilizing its distinctive properties, e.g., low domain velocity and high photosensitivity, are performed. It is pointed out that the oscillator can be used as a long time delay line of electric or optical signals and as a device controlled by optical signals.


1. Politics of Atrocity 2. Horror, Abjection and Terror 3. The Atrocity of Torture 4. War, Horror, Beliefs 5. Urbicide 6. Ethnic Cleansing 7. Witnessing Atrocity 8. Trauma, Truth and Reconciliation 9. Atrocity, Trials and Justice Conclusion


In two experiments the tick resistance to artificial infestation by F1 Simmental x Hereford (S x H) and F, Limousin x Hereford (L x H) cattlewascompared with Hereford (H) and Zebu x Hereford cattle reared in an endemic tick area. The first compared 16 month old F, Simmental x Hereford, Hereford, and F, Brahman x Hereford (B x H) heifers. The second compared 40 month old F, Limousin x Hereford steers and speyed heifers, Hereford steers, and F, Africander x Hereford (A x H) steers. Engorging female ticks 4.5-8 mm in length, on one side, were counted over four days, 19-22 days after infestation with c. 10 000 larvae. Liveweight change during the infestation was measured. Statistical analyses were by analysis of variance of tick counts after logarithmic transformation and regression on initial live weight. The mean resistance level was calculated as the percentage of female ticks which failed to engorge in the four days assuming a 1:l sex ratio. Results are shown in the table.


Problem behaviors are defined as negative/harming/aggressive behaviors that can be consistently demonstrated in various environments such as at school, home, or in the community (Walker, Colvin, & Ramsey, 1995). A wide range of problem behaviors are discussed in the literature under the titles antisocial behaviors, difficult behaviors, unwanted behaviors, aggressive behaviors, and adjustment and behavior disorder. Physical and verbal attacks, over irritability, reacting to friends with hostility, constant objection to the directions of adults, ignoring the warnings of adults, harming public property intentionally, harming and teasing others, and hyperactivity can be stated as examples of antisocial behaviors (Giannopulu, Escolano, Cusin, Citeau, & Dellatolas, 2008; Tremblay, 2000).Academic skills are one of the main areas where children with antisocial behaviors experience severe difficulties. Studies have shown that these children have lower rates of participation in academic activities and lower academic success compared to their peers (Coie & Jacobs, 1993; Hendawi, 2012; Lane, 1999). They are often expelled from school or drop out and encounter the risks of committing crime or becoming addicted to drugs (Tremblay, 2000; Walker et al., 1995). Children with antisocial behaviors also have some problems with social skills, and this has a strong relationship with their academic skills. Studies have revealed that these children have problems with their peers in social interactions; have difficulties in understanding social clues or behaviors of their peers; frequently prefer aggressive problem solving strategies in their relationships; and were often rejected by their peers (Parker & Asher, 1987; Pepler, Craig, & Roberts, 1998; Walker, Ramsey, & Gresham, 2004). Children with antisocial behaviors affect both the house that they live in and the school that they are educated in, and teachers and families usually spend most of their time trying to cope with those behaviors instead of focusing on academic activities (Finn & Pannozzo, 2004).The roots of antisocial behaviors go back to the early years of life (Arseneault et al., 2003; Campbell, 2002; Fox, Dunlap, & Powell, 2002; Wakschlag & Danis, 2004; Waliski & Carslon, 2008). Studies indicate that the behaviors of arguing, disobedience, and not sharing that appear in early childhood turn into fighting, lying, and stealing in the primary school years. These then turn into more serious and complex behaviors that are difficult to overcome such as interpersonal violence, committing crimes, harming the property of others, starting gangs and racketeering during and after puberty (Loeber, 1990; Patterson, DeBaryshe, & Ramsey, 1989; Robins, 1978; Tremblay, Phil, Vitaro, & Dobkin, 1994; Walker & Cheng, 2007; Wicks- Nelson & Israel, 1997). In particular, half of the children who display externalized problem behaviors (such as hitting and swearing) during preschool continue these behaviors during and after their school years (Campbell, 1995). The amelioration of antisocial behaviors that could not be controlled with effective interventions in earlier periods costs more effort, time and money in the long term (Elliot, Prior, Merrigan, & Ballinger, 2002). In addition to this, primary caretakers and the immediate environment (such as teachers and classmates) play a significant role in a child's social and emotional development (Dunlap et al., 2006; Robins, 1978; Walker et al., 2004). Early intervention programs that start at early ages and implemented in various mediums (individual, family, and school) have gradually become important in this context (Elliot et al., 2002; Kazdin, 1987). One such program is the First Step to Success (FSS) Early Intervention Program that was developed by Walker et al. (1997) for preschool and primary school first/second grade students at risk of displaying antisocial behaviors. The program was later applied to nursery school students by Walker et al. …


Control of the maternal mRNA pool during oocyte maturation is crucial to the correct temporal and spatial expression of proteins, particularly during oocyte transcriptional quiescence. We have identified Musashi-1 as being present within the oocyte/ovary, where this RNA-binding protein is believed to act as a translational repressor of target mRNAs. Recent studies in mammalian neural and intestinal systems have identified a number of cell cycle regulators as potential targets of Msi-1. Using Msi-1 protein-RNA immunoprecipitation, we have also identified musashi-2 (msi-2) and c-mos as putative targets in the mouse oocyte. To further study these targets, a transgenic mouse was produced to overexpress Msi-1 exclusively in the oocyte. QPCR analysis, performed on intact ovaries of wild type (WT) and Tg mice, confirmed a 1.5-fold increase in msi-1 expression in tgMsi-1/+ ovaries in excess of WT ovary expression. QPCR analysis of Msi-1 target expression, performed on intact WT and Tg ovaries, in conjunction with transcript obtained from the Msi-1 protein-RNA immunoprecipitation, revealed an overall increase in expression in the tgMsi-1/+ and Msi-1 IP samples, respectively, of p21WAF-1 (~2.5-fold; undetected), cdkn2a (~2-fold; undetected), notch1 (~3-fold;undetected), c-mos (no difference; ~41-fold) and msi-2 (~7-fold; ~10-fold). Immunohistochemical analysis of Msi-2 protein expression in transgenic juvenile mouse ovaries,demonstrated a decrease in expression of Msi-2 in tgMsi-1/+ ovaries, when compared to WT ovary expression, suggesting that Msi-2 mRNA is translationally repressed by Msi-1. Therefore, preliminary analysis suggests that Msi-1 may play a role inregulating transcripts of genes necessary for processes characteristic of meiotic progression and oocyte development.


We experimentally demonstrate the first self-pulsating VCSEL with a controllable quantum-well saturable absorber. Self-pulsation frequencies as high as 2 GHz were obtained. Self-pulsating lasers have proven extremely useful in applications where elimination of optical feedback and high-speed driving circuitry is needed. In this work, we present the first demonstrated InGaAs DBR QW VCSEL with self-pulsations occurring through a voltage-controlled saturable absorber.


A microstructure film with many micro cavities positioned behind small black dots has been developed for improving LCD viewing-angle characteristics. The micro cavities are fabricated by the self-alignment photolithography of the transparent photoresist using the black dots as photo masks. The cavity shapes are optimized by controlling the photolithography conditions.


Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) have a profound limitation in exercise performance that is partly caused by ischemia‐related skeletal muscle abnormalities, including reduced muscle mass and strength. Current medical therapy for the exercise limitation in PAD is limited. We recently reported that exposure to leg heat therapy (HT) causes a marked increase in leg blood flow in patients with PAD. In this study, we used a model of diet‐induced obesity and peripheral arterial insufficiency to examine the effects of repeated treatment with HT on body composition and skeletal contractile function.


With the growing proportion of thermally removal waste relate tightening of emission limits for exhaustion of pollutants into the atmosphere. It is therefore necessary to come up with new, more effective but also economically acceptable methods. Current secondary methods for disposal of hazardous pollutants contained in flue gas mostly require the installation of separate equipment for each of the controlled pollutants. To remove solid pollutants (ashes) are used fabric filters, ESP (electrostatic precipitator) or cyclones. The destruction of NOX is used SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) or SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction). Acid components of flue gas (SO2, HCl, HF) is often removed dry, semi-dry or wet scrubber, VOC and PCDD/ F are removal such as using activated carbon adsorbers, etc.


The properties of 2-(2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propoxy)propan-1-ol (tetrapropylene glycol, TePG) were measured as a function of temperature: vapor pressure (409.85 to 582.15) K, density (298.15 to 443.15) K, viscosity (288.15 to 393.15) K, and surface tension (298.15 to 468.15) K. The obtained data for tetrapropylene glycol were regressed using correlations from simulation software. We are developing a new industrial process to separate propylene glycols mixtures, obtained via the hydrolysis of 1,2-epoxy propane. One component of the mixture is not defined in the database of the simulation program. For synthesis and simulation of this process, it is necessary to have (1) the component TePG defined as a chemical structure, (2) the physical and transport properties of this component, and (3) vapor–liquid equilibrium data for the components of the mixture.


Background. The development of new methods and tools for an objective assessment of the volume optical component of pseudofackic eye pseudoaccommodation are done as well as the ways to improve the accuracy of these measurements. Objective. The reasoning of the measuring possibility of the ametropia value and pseudoaccommodation volume through the reflection of the dependence on the mean square value defocusing ( RMS ) of the light microspot image radius on the retina was done. Methods. The mathematical representation of RMS function, which is argumented by value of artificially formed defocused microspot image on the retina. Computer modeling using Mathcad functions RMS distortion of the electric noise. Results. The quantitative dependence of errors of ametropia definition and scope of pseudoaccommodation on RMS function distortion level is revealed. The possibility of providing the required measurement accuracy in the proposed method is brought. Conclusion. Existing electronic components allows you to implement a method of the ametropia measuring and pseudoaccommodation volume via RMS playback functions of light microspot on the retina. For the method it is quite achievable to measure these parameters with the error ±0.1 diopter.


The procurement process in Italy is becoming more complex and expensive. In a complete overhaul of the system, there are new product classifications and new procedures to adopt.


Rutherford backscattering channeling measurements with angular scans have been carried out on ⟨100⟩ Sb-doped Si superlattice structures formed by molecular beam epitaxy growth. Three different crystallographic axes ⟨100⟩, ⟨111⟩, and ⟨110⟩ have been explored. We have observed Sb displacements from their substitutional sites with displacement amplitudes of 0.22 A in as-grown samples. The displacements increase with increasing post-growth annealing temperatures, associated with formation of nanometer size Sb precipitates.


We analyze how increased access to financing affects firm total factor productivity (TFP) by exploiting a natural experiment following interstate banking deregulations which increased access to bank financing. We find that firms' TFP increases after their states implement these deregulations. Using a regression discontinuity approach based on Small Business Administration's funding eligibility criteria, we show that TFP increases following the deregulations are significantly greater for financially constrained firms. Our results suggest that greater access to financing allows financially constrained firms to invest in productive projects that may otherwise not be taken up.


An Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized as distributed and heterogeneous, both in terms of technology and in the capacity of network processing. The IoT gateway is a component responsible for allowing communication between heterogeneous devices and middleware, regardless of network resources. In this work, we propose an approach to include a classifier, which analyzes the messages received by the gateway, separates them into queues, using criteria previously established by the user, and reserves the resources for sending data marked as critical to the Middleware. We used the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) algorithm to perform the treatment of messages in the queues, aiming to provide fair and efficient treatment the requests serviced by the gateway. Experimental evaluation of our IoT gateway implementation shows that the prioritization of the requests that need more attention caused a reduction in the latency of the delivery of the messages in the highest priority queue obtaining average reduction of 24 percent without discards or losses of packages in this queue.


The vehicle has a suspension and/or damping device arranged between suspension of a vehicle wheel and a vehicle body (4). A control device transforms an accident signal into a control signal based on predefined accident parameters so that the body is raised and/or lowered in an optimal accident position. A lifting device (2) receives the control signal and raises and/or lowers the body in a controlled way in the position.


Although researchers have studied various parameters that affect grip force, few studies investigate the effects of tactile sensation on pinch force. This study aims to determine the influences of tactile sensation on pinch force with a special emphasis on screw knobs under loaded and unloaded conditions. The participants included 32 manual workers who were required to pinch and turn the knobs to generate pinch force under reduced and increased sensations simulated using cotton and nitrile gloves. The data were analysed using the analysis of variance via Minitab 16. Results show that the pinch force exerted for reduced sensations is higher than that of increased sensations because the reduced friction increased skin-object slippages, which caused participants to spontaneously increase their force to prevent slippages. This study serves as a guideline to potentially improve the design of objects operated with pinch grips to be safe and suitable for manual, sedentary or general tasks.


The article analyzes the evolution trends of the vocational education of specialists in socionomical sphere carrying out in foreign countries, in order to integrate the Russian educational system into the global one. The author proposes to emphasize the formation of creative personality of future specialists, and put it into the basis of vocational education and training.


Big Data Analytics (BDA) has the capacity to increase communications and better manage supply chain strategies. The main objective of this study developed, firstly was a systematic literature review, to understand how BDA has been investigated on supply chain strategies, which resources are handled by BDA and which Supply Chain Management strategies are positively affected by those technologies, and secondly, to apply a classification predictive model to foresee the level of implementation of innovative technologies in supply chain strategies. The applied predictive classification model helped to offer an understanding and to determine that in supply chain strategies there are innovative technologies implemented and their percentage of implementation will have an increasing value. This study, that is focused on BDA and supply chain strategies, offers new opportunities, and is adding value and operational excellence for existing supply chain practices. The adoption of big data technology in supply chain can create considerable value-added.


Bioinformatics is an emerging field as an interdisciplinary field of computer science and molecular biology. The growth rate of data and information of this domain is exponential, and the techniques and strategies adopted few years earlier to handle data of this domain are considered obsolete now. Therefore, management of data of bioinformatics domain is facing serious problems of data management due to huge volume and high rate of growth of web resources of biological data. One of these problems is to store the data and information on semantic web resources of biological data, and then retrieve only the relevant data and information from these resources. Therefore, to achieve this objective, we need new technique to design and maintain ontologies of the web recourses in different way. In our opinion, we need a technique that can maintain dynamically ontologies. For this purpose, we introduce the concept of dynamic ontology which can control irrelevancy in retrieval of data stores by adding new index terms of the domain.


ABSTRACT- This study was conducted to introduce agro-physiological traits for improving drought tolerant rapeseed winter genotypes for cultivation in saline areas. Eighteen rapeseed genotypes were evaluated under non-stressed and drought-stressed conditions from flowering and seed filling stages to seed maturity for two years (2012-2014) at the saline soils (EC=6.7 dS m-1) in Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of East Azarbaijan, Iran. Drought stress significantly decreased pod length, plant height, seed yield, yield components and stomatal conductance and increased canopy temperature.Among the genotypes, significant differences were observed for pod length, the number of seeds in a pod, seed and oil yields, and stomatal conductance. The correlations among the traits were significantly positive. According to the results of genotypes grouping, HW101, L183, L73, and L72 having higher pod length, the number of seeds in a pod, stomatal conductance, seed and oil yields, which were recognized as the promising ones. The results of this study indicated that, the pod length, the number of seeds in a pod and stomatal conductance as simple and easy parameters can be used to select late season drought tolerant rapeseed winter genotypes for cultivation in saline areas. Also, the cluster analysis method was able to discriminate productive genotypes. Water deficit during flowering and seed filling stages, decreased the mean of seed yields by 800 and 584 Kg h-1 during the first year and 1764 and 1154 Kg h-1 during the second year of the experiment, of this study respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the evaluated rapeseed genotypes at the flowering stage were more sensitive to drought compared to the seed filling stage.


cultivating students' innovation consciousness is an important part in P.E Teaching.In practice teaching,through the methods of delaminating teaching,objective teaching and creating circumstance,according to the diversities of the students.The students' innovation consciousness was cultivated painstakingly which got perfect teaching effect and provided reference for the same trade to further study this subject.


By treating carbon nanotubes with microwave energy, to provide a method of selectively removing metallic carbon nanotubes. Samples containing carbon nanotubes, the standing wave of the electric field component of a predetermined microwave frequency of the microwave cavity is placed in a position of maximum. Sample the predetermined time processed by microwave energy and increase the proportion of the semiconductor-type carbon nanotubes in the sample. Or a sample of metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconducting carbon nanotubes by treating a predetermined time the microwave energy, thereby increasing the proportion of the semiconductor-type carbon nanotubes in the sample.


ACTION OF THE LEE-METFORD AT SHORT RANGES. [1 F.w 1251 cavity being merely filled with detonating powder, generally a mixture of chlorate of potash and sulphuret of antimony in equal parts, and closed with besswax. This bullet used generally to burst after it had penetrated some distance into the animal's body and inflicted very deadly wounds, but frequently it either failed to explode or burst on impact, causing a large skin wound, but doing little serious damage at the moment; that is to say, it did not "s top " the charge of the tiger, though he might subsequently die of the wound. *The second form was a most terrible projectile, and in my ,experience no soft-bodied animal fairly struck by it could do -further mischief. This bullet was cast in two parts, the base something like a thimble with a flat top, the apex conical, with a hollow leading down from the point. The base, or thimble-shaped end, was nearly filled with ordinary powder, then a piece of thin cloth was laid over the top, the apex was fitted in, and the two parts were then " swaged " together in a machine. There was thus formed a conical bullet, generally a I2 bore (that is, a bore that took a spherical bullet of I2 to the pound), with a charge of powder in the base, a thin diaphragm. and a hollow leading to it from the point. Down this hollow detonating powder was poured, and the hole closed with wax. This was a typical form of explosive bullet and most deadly in its effects. I shot a great deal of heavy game with it in India, and never lost an animal I knew I had struck. I have seen a stag I5 hands high hit behind the shoulder collapse on the spot as if its legs had turned into jelly. On one occasion I saved my life by killing a charging bear in dense jungle, dropping her within a few feet of me. An this case I observed smoke issuing not only from the wound, but also from the mouth and nostrils, and on opening the chest found the lungs and heart torn to pieces. This was the true explosive bullet, and it was against it and similar inventions that the Geneva Convention legislated. As I pointed out before, the Snider bullet, though not 'strictly an "explosive" bullet, became in its latter form -equivalent to one, but it was never forbidden in warfare. The next advance was the Martini-Henry rifle, with a hardened projectile of 0.450 diameter-the Snider was 0.577-with greatly increased velocity and penetration and a much lower trajectory. This bullet was complained of as not having stopping power-that is, it passed through the limbs .or body without causing immediate collapse unless some vital part or important bone was struck. In European warfare this was of comparatively little consequence, as civilised man is much more susceptible to injury than savages.' As a rule when a " white man " is wounded he has had enough, and is -quite ready to drop out of the ranks and go to the rear; but the savage, like the tiger, is not so impressionable, and will go on fighting even when desperately wounded. The MartiniHenry was in use for many years, but was at length superseded by the Lee-Metford, the present military rifle of this country. This rifle has a bore of only 0.3 inch, the bullet being of lead surrounded by a jacket or covering of nickel, and, fired with smokeless powder, gives a very high velocity with a very low trajectory and immense penetration. As an instance of its extraordinary power I will detail an experiment I saw carried out at Enfield by Mr. Rigby, the then superintendent of the Government Small Arms Factory. A strong wooden box, about 6 feet long and i foot wide and i foot deep, was constructed of i inch planks, screwed, and bound with hoops of iron. A sheet of indiarubber about a quarter of an inch thick was substituted for wood at one end. The box was filled with water, and a LeeMetford bullet fired into it through the india-rubber. This was done to prevent the projectile from altering its shape. Co tremendous was the energy that the bullet, in forcing its way through the water, displaced it so violently that it tore the box open, bursting the planks asunder and rending out the screws and nails. It was also found that on firing into a dead animal the bones were frequently comminuted to an extraordinary degree, though on other occasions the bullet merely drilled a hole in passixng through. This was the experience of our trooFsa in India, and while in some cases terrible wounds were inflicted, in others little or no damage was done. There is the wellknown instance of the "Chitrallee" who walked into one of our field hospitals to have his wounds dressed, when it was found that no fewer than five Lee-Metford bullets had passed through various parts of his body. Themen felt that their weapons failed in " stopping" power, and that though they might hold straight and hit their adversary fairly, he was still able to charge home and perhaps cut them down. Some experiments were then made at the Dam-Dum Ordnance Factory near Calcutta, when it was found that by leaving a small portion of the lead at the apex of the projectile uncovered, the bullet " set up " or mushroomed soon after impact and inflicted sufficient shock to stop the most determined Ghazi. This was effected either by removing part of the envelope or by putting merely a wrapper of nickel as far up the bullet as was necessary to enable it to take the rifling, leaving the lead bare at the conical portion. In the last Soudan fight this was effected by filing off a small portion of the point or nose of the bullet, and leaving it flat and bare of envelope. In a similar way these bullets " set up " or mushroomed after impact, and gave the necessary stopping power. It will be seen from the above that the Lee-Metford is In no sense an " explosive bullet," but merely a partially expanding one, and even now is not for a moment to be compared in its destructive powers to the Snider bullet, which was never objected to by the Geneva Convention or the Great Powers.


The article is devoted to the choices of conduct models by the Russian political elite during the economic crisis. It illustrates how economic and social problems influence electorial expectations. Reveals the definition of "social unrest" and its relationship with the activity of the political elite. Analyzed stabilization measures in the economy, including the operational effectiveness of measures to curb rising prices, the government´s policy on popularizing the idea of import substitution in the industrial production. Analysis of effectiveness of some measures to stabilize the internal social climate is linked in this article with a pressing need for a conduct paradigms of russia´s political elite. Namely, the transition from operational measures populist nature to develop a political strategy development for the medium term in the conditions imposed by the foreign environment.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relevance of retailer country-of-origin (COO) on consumers' actual choice between foreign and domestic retailers. It explores two basic issues regarding the relevance of COO, first to assess consumer perceptions regarding the importance of retailer COO (PIO) and the importance of supporting domestic retailers (PISD) in store choice decisions. The second is to analyse the influence of these factors on store choice decisions. Relative influence of PIO and PISD (compared to the retail mix factors) was also evaluated. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a consumer survey targeting grocery consumers in a second-tier city in China. Factor analysis and binary probit models were used to analyse the data. Findings – The authors found that a considerable proportion of respondents perceive retailer COO and being supportive of domestic retailers as important factors when choosing between foreign and domestic retailers. Interestingly, results ...


Asphaltenes are surface-active polyaromatic molecules in crude oil that are known to deposit onto surfaces of pipelines and stabilize water-in-oil droplets by flocculating at interfaces, resulting highly viscous emulsions. This has led to significant flow assurance problems in oil production. Therefore, a thorough investigation of the behavior of asphaltene aggregation at interfaces is needed. Microfluidic devices are used as a novel methodology for probing asphaltene deposition and asphaltene-stabilized emulsions. In particular, homogeneous and porous-media microfluidic designs are developed to represent various flow conditions typical of that found in oil flow processes. A variety of factors influencing asphaltene deposition are investigated, including asphaltene solubility, chemical dispersants, the presence of the brine, and solvent effects. Furthermore, the property of asphaltenes at interfaces is characterized using interfacial rheology and chemical analysis. By understanding the nature and the behaviors of asphaltenes at interfaces, we improve our ability to design cost effective mitigation strategies. This includes the development of a new generation of chemical inhibitors/demulsifiers and improved methods for prevention and treatment of this problem.


Background: In primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) autograft is associated with lower ipsilateral failure rates. BTB autografts are associated with a higher rate of contralateral ACL injuries, which some clinicians view as a marker of success of the BTB autograft. However, there is a lack of evidence on whether BTB autografts improve the rate of return to activity and sport. Purpose: To compare the rate of return to preinjury activity levels in high-activity patients after ACL reconstruction with BTB autograft or hamstring tendon autograft. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: In a high-activity cohort of patients recorded between 2014 and 2018 in the New Zealand ACL Registry, prospectively collected data on preinjury and postoperative Marx activity scores were analyzed. The proportion of patients who returned to their preinjury activity levels at 1- and 2-year follow-up was compared between graft types. Results: Overall, 11.3% (208/1844) of patients returned to their preinjury activity levels at 1-year follow-up, and 15.5% (184/1190) returned at 2-year follow-up. At 1-year follow-up, 17.2% of patients with a BTB autograft returned to their preinjury activity levels compared with 9.3% of patients with a hamstring tendon autograft (adjusted odds ratio, 1.59 [95% CI, 1.16-2.17]; P = .004). At 2-year follow-up, 23.3% of patients with a BTB autograft had returned to their preinjury activity levels compared with 13.3% of patients with a hamstring tendon autograft (adjusted odds ratio, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.14-2.34]; P = .008). Male sex and younger age were associated with a higher rate of return to activity at both follow-up time points. Conclusion: The use of BTB autografts increased the odds of returning to preinjury activity levels at early follow-up. A higher rate of return to activity is a possible explanation for the higher rate of contralateral ACL injuries with the use of BTB autografts.


Abstract: Among the most prominent cinematic franchises, the Star Wars universe has shaped popular culture in the United States for over forty years. This essay analyzes one of the newest additions to this lineage, Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, and the ways the film moves the original Star Wars from the purely fantastical to the contemporary, political climate. Given Rogue One's chronological position between the original and prequel Star Wars trilogies, the film acts as a bridge between the two. Rogue One connects the overt politics of the prequel trilogy with the covert, yet still present, politics of the original trilogy. Ultimately, Rogue One mirrors contemporary conflicts and crises in the geopolitical sphere and moves the original Star Wars films into this territory, creating a potential rhetorical crossroad for renewed cultural readings.


It appears undeniable that technical and social progress has modified the doctor-patient relationship. But individual consultation has not been eliminated While data furnished by technology may enable


He study of negotiation and it's influence in the commercial activities in the city of Quito, is important and transcendental at the entrepreneurial, commercial and professional level of the country.
There is a great confusion among most of the entrepreneurs in the city in distinguishing between sales and negotiation, as these are complimentary yet distinct. Negotiation leads to agreements between the parties whereas sales involves commercial activities that provoke the exchange of a product or service.
This study is carried out in Quito, as this city is the capital of the country and a place where the most important negotiations occur given the domicile and presence of organizations and decision making entities.
Negotiation is a current concern and it is important to appraise the level of its presence, its growth perspective and the technical grade it has developed since this subject has not been formally studied nor has it been approached with responsibility and adequate technique. This investigation attempts to determine the current state of negotiation in the capital of the Ecuadorean nation


Plants interact simultaneously with both mutualists and antagonists. While webs of plant–animal interactions in natural systems can be highly complex, most interactions can be simplified into those that are either direct (mediated through pairwise interactions) or indirect (mediated through third‐party species). Mechanistic studies of the direct and indirect pathways by which foliar herbivores affect plants have been well explored; however, mechanistic explorations of how floral herbivores, such as nectar robbers, affect total plant fitness via direct vs. indirect pathways have received less attention. The goal of this study was to assess the importance of direct vs. pollinator‐mediated indirect effects of a floral antagonist on female and male components of plant fitness. We focused on the hummingbird‐pollinated plant scarlet gilia, Ipomopsis aggregata, which is nectar‐robbed by the bumblebee Bombus occidentalis. Prior studies have found evidence for pollinator‐mediated indirect effects of robbing on female and male components of I. aggregata fitness, but the mechanisms by which these indirect effects occur, and experimental evidence supporting or refuting direct effects of robbing, have been lacking. We found no evidence for direct effects of robbing on plant fitness. Robbers did not act as pollinators of I. aggregata nor did they directly affect seed production by making nectar‐robber holes or removing nectar in hand‐pollinated flowers. Moreover, robbing had no direct effect on pollen production per flower or the ability of pollen from robbed flowers to sire seeds in hand pollinations. However, nectar robbing had indirect effects on plant reproduction mediated through per‐visit pollinator effectiveness at depositing pollen in robbed vs. unrobbed flowers. A simple model of a plant‐robber‐pollinator system suggested that robbing effects in general may occur through more indirect mechanisms when nectar removal by robbers is high relative to nectar replenishment, and that compensation for robbing is then more profitable through the production of additional flowers. Synthesis. Our results highlight the importance of indirect effects in mediating the fitness consequences of species interactions.


The common design of the step -up direct current power supply often uses the separate components to construct system by function. This kind of traditional design has some disadvantages, such as complicated structure, low output power, and low reliability etc. A new idea of power design that use series mode to increase the voltage is present. The reliable DC/DC power module is used to achieve the power design of 24V to 75V. The whole power supply has the characteristics like small size, high efficiency, less periphery components and high output power. Comparing with the traditional design, it has shortened the period of power design and enhanced the product reliability.


Developing manufacturing processes for active pharmaceutical ingredients and intermediates often involves complex chemistry. All companies now aim to uphold the principles of green chemistry and sustainability as far as possible, but how effective are they in achieving this and how much variation is there from company to company? This perspective discusses the results of a survey carried out with 24 companies, including 11 "big pharma" companies and 6 "other pharma" companies. Companies from outside the pharma sector were also included to give a comparison with other areas of the fine chemical industry. These included two fine chemical manufacturers, one agrochemical manufacturer, and one flavour and fragrance company. The survey covered organisational aspects of green chemistry and sustainability, such as corporate policy and policy implementation, green chemistry and technologies, process metrics, and how the application of green issues changes through the various stages of development and whether there are different standards for low volume and/or high potency compounds.


Introduction. Previously, the Law of Ukraine "On Business companies" established the right of members of a limited liability company by decision of the general meeting to exclude a member of the company whose actions harm the interests of the company. Due to numerous abuses of this right, the Law of Ukraine "On Limited and Additional Liability Companies" does not establish such a right for company participants. However, the question remains open whether this approach is correct and whether it did not lead to more negative consequences than positive ones. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this issue and find out the most appropriate way to solve it.
The purpose of the paper is to determine whether it is expedient in the Law of Ukraine "On Limited and Additional Liability Companies" to establish the right of company members to exclude an unscrupulous member from the company, as well as to determine the most effective way of legal regulation of this right in case it is established in law.
Results. The absence of such a right provided by law for members of an LLC makes it impossible for the company to operate in the event that one of its members is unscrupulous and hinders its activity, because the members do not have a legal mechanism that would protect them in such a situation. As a result, in practice the only way in this the situation is the liquidation of the company, which has negative consequences for the economy of Ukraine. On the other hand, during the period of validity of such a provision, which gave the right to society members to exclude an unscrupulous member until 2018, there were many abuses of this right, which overloaded the court system with such cases.
Conclusion. The paper suggests amending the law to allow for the possibility of specifying the reasons for a participant's exclusion from an LLC by the statute while also making it clear that the court has the authority to consider the issue of excluding a participant from the LLC for failing to perform his duties if the statute does not provide for another method of excluding an unscrupulous participant.


The present study investigated the effect of schizandrin, a component of the fruit of Schizandra chinesis Baill (Fructus Schizandrae), on memory impairment in rats. Scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a non‐selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, markedly impaired spatial memory in an eight‐arm radial maze. A higher dose of scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) also impaired the passive avoidance response. Schizandrin (1 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the scopolamine‐induced impairment of spatial memory. Similarly, schizandrin (1 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the scopolamine‐induced impairment of the passive avoidance response. Moreover, in mice, schizandrin (1 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) enhanced tremors induced by oxotremorine, a muscarinic M1 receptor agonist. Taken together these findings suggest that schizandrin reverses scopolamine‐induced memory impairment, in part, by enhancing cholinergic function, and that schizandrin might be useful for treating memory deficits. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Although algebraic skills are vital to continuing success in higher order mathematics, few studies have examined the effectiveness of mathematics interventions with high school students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of four mathematics interventions, contingent reinforcement, repeated practice, mathematic problem previewing, and immediate corrective feedback, with six students working on linear equations. Three participants were performing instructional level and four at frustration level. After a curriculum based assessment and baseline, an alternating treatment design examined the effectiveness of each intervention across participants. The distance between the data and the x axis was analyzed to determine the most effective intervention to implement. For all students at the frustrationallevel and three of the four students at the instructional level, repeated practice was the most effective intervention in improving digits correct per minute. For one student at the instructional level, contingent reinforcement was the most effective intervention in improving digits correct per minute. The results will be further discussed along with limitations and future research. ATD Math Interventions 6 Using Alternating Treatment Design to Determine Math Interventions for Linear Equations Algebraic skills are crucial to success in many college programs, employment opportunities, self management and financial decisions to name a few (Usiskin, 1995). Many college majors require that students understand and utilize higher mathematics concepts such as calculus and statistics. The foundation for the aforementioned advanced mathematics is largely rooted in algebra. Thus, many states have made algebra a high school graduation requirement (Chambers, 1994). An example of an algebraic problem is linear equations. Linear equations involve change at a constant rate. They can be applied to "total cost of items when each item costs the same, total calories or vitamins or minerals consumed in food, total amounts of material in producing object ... cost of household bills, cost of renting a car, cost of a long distance call," (Usiskin, 1995, pp. 33). There has been a fair amount of research on math intervention strategies with children. Unfortunately, most of these interventions focus on basic arithmetic. Very few studies have been published on higher order math problems. Early intervention is vital to remediate deficits in math skills; however, there are many students who struggle daily with higher level math concepts. Adolescents in high school are generally not participants in the math intervention research; yet these are the students who may need the most urgent interventions due to their impending graduation. For the purpose of this review, several key aspects will be discussed to lay the foundation for future research. First, the types of models for learning academic skills will be reviewed to provide a context in which the supporting literature has been grounded. ATD Math Interventions 7 There are two areas to the supporting literature, reading and mathematics. The interventions, designs, and measures of reading are relevant for the mathematic literature due to the plethora of supporting evidence. It is important for the reader to understand that much of the mathematic literature was based upon the findings in the reading research. However, both the reading and mathematics literature demonstrate weaknesses (i.e., lack ofmodel adherence, intervention selection, narrow scope ofparticipants, measurement, and design issues) that should be highlighted for further discussion. Models of Learning Academic Skills There are two predominate models in the school psychology literature on learning academic skills. The first is the Instructional Hierarchy (IH) proposed by Haring and Eaton in 1978. They propose four stages in which a learner moves throughout the learning process. The IH model will be outlined and supporting research of the efficacy of the model will be provided. The second model proposed by Daly, Witt, Martens, and Dool (1997) suggest that students are grouped into to broad categories, skill building or motivation building. Again, the review will outline the model as well as supporting literature. Instructional hierarchy (IH). There are four stages that are conceptualized as an instructional hierarchy by Haring and Eaton (1978). In order for a student to enact a new behavior, he/she must first acquire the behavior, then perform the required behavior fluently, then he/she must be able to generalize and finally adapt the skill to new circumstances. Students progress through these stages when learning new material. Certain interventions may be more effective depending on which stage a student is in the instructional hierarchy. Students may perform in different ways as they progress through ATD Math Interventions 8 each stage (Eaton & Harding, 1978). It is important to first conceptualize what each stage entails. Acquisition involves first demonstrating the steps that lead to a new skill. Until a student responds to a task accurately it cannot become an acquired skill. Demonstration and modeling have been used to help students acquire unknown skills (Eaton & Harding, 1978). Once a skill has been acquired the student can then move on to increasing the fluency or proficiency of the skill. Producing the skill competently is important if the student wants to apply the skill to different areas. Drills, active repeated responding, and reinforcement of accurate responding can increase fluency (Eaton & Haisch, 1974). Students who have acquired a new skill and can fluently respond must learn how to do so in novel situations. Generalization involves responding accurately even when the stimulus changes. Practice is often recommended to increase generalization ofnew skills (Eaton & Harding, 1978). Practice involves applying the learned response with other learned responses to solve problems. Two types of practice are discrimination and differentiation. Discrimination involves teaching students to emit one type of response when certain stimuli are present but not when other stimuli are present (e.g. multiplying when x sign is present, but dividing when / sign is present). Differentiation can occur when a student is reinforced for responding to various stimuli which have slightly different aspects (Eaton & Harding, 1978). The final step in the IH is adaptation. Once a student has generalized the skill to new situations, he/she must then learn to adapt or modify the response to apply it to other problems. Adaptation is the most complex step in the hierarchy and cannot be easily taught (Eaton & Harding, 1978). Teachers can help students adapt new skills by ATD Math Interventions 9 providing them opportunities to practice their skills in many new situations. Acquisition can be developed through problem solving as well as simulations (Eaton & Harding, 1978). Instructional hierarchy can be used to select instruction interventions. Supporting reading research. O'Shea, Munson, & O'Shea (1984) compared the effectiveness of individual error word drill with phrase drill. Individual error word drill involves having the student repeat their error word multiple times before continuing to the next sentence, while phrase drill involves the student repeated the entire phrase of words multiple times before continuing. The researchers hypothesized that phrase drill would improve reading accuracy in context/and or isolation more than word drill. Reading in context involves students repeated the phrase or word during the story, while isolation involves repeated the phrase or word after the story has been completed. They also hypothesized that phrase drill would be more effective in improving fluency than word drill. Five participants, three females and two males, were referred for learning disabilities in reading. They ranged in ages from 7 years old to 11 years old. One hundred word passages were taken from two basal reading series. The participants were assessed on their reading fluency and reading accuracy. Fluency was measured by words read correct per minute (WCPM). Accuracy was assessed by examining the number of error words each participant read correctly in isolation and in the context of the reading passage. Phrase drill was a more effective procedure to improve accuracy of error words read correctly. However, there were no significant differences regarding fluency between phrase drill and word drill. Thus, the findings may suggest that phrase drill may be an appropriate intervention for children who are at the acquisition stage in developing new skills. ATD Math Interventions 10 Rashotte and Torgesen (1985) examined whether the percentage ofword overlap across passages would increase reading speed, word accuracy and comprehension of students. The participants were 12 students who had reading disabilities with a mean age of 10.5 years. Students read 44 different passages with a stated Grade 2 level of readability. Thirty-seven of the passages had only 20 words that were common to three or more stories in a condition. The participants were in either condition 1 or 2 or 3. Condition 1 and 2 were the two repeated reading conditions, while condition 3 was non repetitive reading condition. The researchers measured each students' words read correctly per minute (WCPM; fluency) number of errors made in each reading (accuracy) and the percentage of comprehension questions correctly answered. They found that participants had great reading speed on stories that had many shared words. However, the percentage ofword overlap did not significantly affect the number ofwords read nor the numbers of errors made by each participant. Results suggest repeated readings increase fluency but also that passages containing word overlap aid in a student's generalization of skills. Daly and Martens (1994), examined which interventions corresponding to the


We analyze the deformation of the potential energy surface (PES) due to the incorrect description of fractional electron systems (the nonlinearity of the energy with electron number) within a (semi)local density functional theory (DFT). Particularly sensitive to this failure are polaronic systems where charge localization is strongly coupled to lattice distortion. As an example we calculate the adiabatic PES for the hole transfer process in rutile and anatase TiO${}_{2}$. (Semi)local DFT leads to qualitatively wrong, barrierless curves. Removal of the nonlinearity improves the PES shape and allows us to calculate hole mobilities.


Use of batch-operated chemical H/sub 2/S scavengers as an inexpensive gas-sweetening process may be an attractive alternative for moderately sour gas wells with small production remote from a gas-processing plant. This article begins a four-part series describing the most common H/sub 2/S scavengers available to the natural gas-producing industry. Advantages, disadvantages, health and safety aspects, case histories, design guidelines, and economics of these scavengers will be addressed. Currently available, nonregenerative scavengers for small-plant H/sub 2/S removal may be categorized into four groups: Formaldehyde-methanol-based, metallic oxide-based, caustic-based, and other processes.


A new species of Cistella, found on the sporophores of Diphasiastnim complanatum, is described from Finland. The species is characterized by dark excipulum and hair vesture composed of acyanophilous spines and warts. The circumscription of the genera Hyphodiscus and Cistella is discussed. Cultural characters of the new taxon are given. Zusammenfassung: Eine neue Cistella-An, die auf den Sporenträgern von Diphasiastrum complanatum gefunden worden ist, wird aus Finnland beschrieben. Die Art ist charakterisiert durch ein dunkles Excipulum und Haare mit acyanophilen Stacheln und Warzen. Die Abgrenzung der Gartungen Hyphodiscus und Cistella wird diskutiert. Angaben über das Kulturverhalten des neuen Taxons werden gemacht. HOLM & HOLM (1981) studied ascomycetes on Nordic lycopods. They dealt with 25 taxa, part of which were new to science. Hyaloscyphaceous taxa were relatively few in number, only four species were discovered on this substrate. Of the different lycopods, Diphasiastrum complanatum (L.) J. HOLüB was mentioned as particularly mycophilous. HOLM & HOLM (1981) also noted that sporophylls were, in some species, the most attractive substrate. They also postulated that the mycotlora of lycopods is mostly composed of species which are confined to this substrate. The present specimen was found as a stray collection, not after systematic research of the substrate. We sent part of the material to Dr L. HOLM (Uppsala). He had not seen such a species on Lycopodium before. Although we have only a single collection site, we feel safe to describe a new species because of the relatively conspicuous character combination of the present material. Material and methods The following abbreviations are used: MLZ Melzer's reagent, CB cotton blue in lactic acid. CR ammoniacal Congo red. All characters were studied from squash mounts. Cultural characters were studied from singleand multispore strains, originating from ascospores shot on agar. Radial growth was ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at 2 S. HUHTINEN & U. SÖDERHOLM: Cistella spicicola on Lycopodium measured at two week intervals after the culture had readied a diameter of 2 cm. This initial growth phase took two months. Cistella spicicola HUHTINEN & SÖDERHOLM, spec. nova. Fig. 1. Apothecia discoidea vel cupulata, sessilia, usque ad 200 urn lata, minuter pilosa; specimina exsiccata atra, margine albo. Excipulum externum textura prismatica, cellulis prismaticis, tenuiter tunicatis vel aliquantum crassotunicatis, in solutione Melzeri non coloratis. Pili usque ad 56 urn longi, 2,8-3,8 \xm lati, cylindrati ve! minuter clavati, aseptati, in solutione Melzeri non colorati, in apice spinulosi vel tuberculati. Asci late cylindrati, octospori, 15-28 x 3,8-5,0 urn, in apice conici, amyloidei, in basi uncinati. Sporae subfusiformae, in specimina exsiccata 3,8-6,0 x 1,0-1,5 urn, non septatae, hyalinae. Paraphyses cylindricae, 1,0-1,5 )jm latae, cellulis terminalibus 7-16 \im longis. Holotype: Finland: Etelä-Häme, Kangasala, Vehoniemenkylä, Väärälukko, grid 27° E 6812:349, on dead sporophylls of Diphasiastrum complanatum, 04. 07. 1995, SÖDERHOLM 2329 (TUR 115359, isotype in UPS). Apothecia discoid to shallowly cupulate when fresh, centrally attached, up to 200 (im in diam., flanks brown to dark brown (CAILLEUX 1981: R77), disc close to beige (M91), margin serrate, pure white; blackish below, 1/3 of the upper flanks lighter to hyaline when dry; typically densely gregarious. Ectal excipulum of thin-walled textura prismatica to modified textura prismatica with clearly gelatinized walls and thinner septa, MLZ -. Hairs numerous, cylindrical to somewhat clavate, 22-56 x 2.8-3.8(-5.O) urn, thinwalled when fresh in water, rarely somewhat firm-walled in dried material, aseptate, prominently apically spiny-tuberculate, hyaline, lacking inside pigments and outside resins in fresh and dried condition; lower flanks covered by clavate, hair-like hyphal ends, 4-8 urn wide; hair vesture dense and prominent on marginal hairs, more sparse or lacking from hairs on lower flanks, persistent in 10 % K.OH, CB-, CR-, MLZ-, the general appearance varying from clearly tuberculate (in water) to clearly spiny (in MLZ). Ascicylindrical-clavate, 15-28 x 3.8-5.0 mm in CB (x = 21.4 ±2 .9x4 .3 ± 0.4 iam, n = 20), eight-spored, apically conical, arising from croziers, ascal pore MLZ+. Spores subfusoid, 3.8-6.0 y 1.0-1.5 urn in CB (x = 4.6 ± 0.5 x 1.2 ± 0.1 um, n = 20), Q = 3.2-4.7 (x~ = 3.8 ± 0.4); 5.0-9.0 x 1.7-2.0 um when fresh in water (x = 6.5 ± 1.2 x 1.9 ± 0.1 urn, n = 20), Q = 2.5-4.7 (x = 3.4 ± 0.6), hyaline, aseptate, aguttulate in fresh and dried condition. Paraphyses cylindrical, not exceeding the asci, 1.0-1.5 urn wide in dried condition, 1.2-2.0 urn wide when fresh in water, lacking pigments, simple or once/twice branched, terminal cell 7-16 pm long. Cultural characters (multispore strain, 2% Malt extract agar with 1 g peptone, 20 g saccharose): Radial growth 8.5 mm/month. Mats initially clearly raised from the agar, up to 1.5 mm high, dark brown to brown (CAILLEUX T71, P70), thinner marginal areas cinnamon (N69), at first with a very narrow, 0.5 mm wide, faintly brown (M75) rim, later expanding to 2-6 mm, margin even and distinct, surrounding agar not stain©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 6(1997)


In this work we show that the Tuan-Duc formula used to invert the Laplace transform is equivalent to the expression given by Post-Widder.


The present invention, solubility of the antitumor agent as a useful 4- (2-fluoro-4- (3- (2-phenylacetyl) thioureido) phenoxy) -7-methoxy -N- methyl-6-carboxamide, stable sex, excellent oral absorption, and to provide a salt and the crystal mass manufacturable compounds. The present invention is 4- (2-fluoro-4- (3- (2-phenylacetyl) thioureido) phenoxy) -7-methoxy -N- mesylate salt of methyl quinoline-6-carboxamide, and powder X-ray diffraction spectrum in, relating to the mesylate salt that contains a crystal having characteristic peaks at specific diffraction angles.


Electronic and chemical passivation of CdSe nanocrystals has been achieved by growth of a thin ZnSe layer in aqueous solution. Small aliquots (0.1 ml) of shell precursors have been alternatively added to the CdSe cores, and the growth of ZnSe shell is characterized by absorption, photo luminescence and photo luminescence excitation spectroscopic measurements. X-ray scattering has been applied to know the crystallinity of the nanostructures. The CdSe shows wurtzite crystal structure with traces of zinc blende, but zinc blende structure dominates after ZnSe growth. Photoluminescence excitation spectrum of the samples at room temperature has been exploited to study the electronic transitions of nanocrystalline CdSe prior to growth of ZnSe shell and after.


The utility model discloses a combined harvester bundling machine's bundling machine control system, including microcontroller, wheel hub speed detector, bundling machine transmission shaft torque detection device, straw feed quantity detection device, safety bolt, buffer stop, anticollision piece position monitoring device, combined harvester bundling machine wheel hub 0 wheel hub 1 and bundling machine abnormal conditions wheel hub 3. The utility model discloses a bundling machine control system who have that wheel hub speed?detection, bundling machine transmission shaft torque detection, straw feed quantity detect, anticollision piece position monitoring, abnormal conditions were reported to the police and microcontroller constitutes combined harvester makes bundle all -in -one has realized that combined harvester beats the bundling machine of bundle all -in -one in high efficiency, stability and the reliability of normal during operation, and the while has still been improved whole combined harvester and has been beaten speed?detection 1 and the speed?detection 2 speed?detection 3 who ties the all -in -one. When the bundling machine that makes bundle all -in -one as combined harvester broke down, the operating personnel of being convenient for made judgement promptly and accurately, analysis and operation.


When important advances in the neurosciences relating to childhood disorders occur, the scheduled series of columns will be interrupted. Recently, the gene that causes Rett syndrome was identified. The significance and relevance of this finding to our work as clinicians will be discussed in this column. Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder within the autism spectrum. The prevalence is estimated at 1 in 10,000. Because it is a sporadic illness, initially it was difficult to establish its genetic basis. Females are almost exclusively affected. These children develop normally for the first year or so of life. Milestones are reached on time, and no abnormalities are apparent. Then a rapid regression occurs, including loss of purposeful hand movements. Other clinical findings include growth retardation, loss of speech, microcephaly, ataxia, and often a severe interruption of normal cognitive progression. Mected children then enter a period of relative stability that lasts for decades after the initial regression. The simplest explanation for the genetic findings is that the responsible gene lies on the X chromosome. If the mutated gene is present in males, they die as fetuses, as no additional X chromosome is available to produce functional protein. This explains the absence of the disorder among males. In females, the second X chromosome carries a complementary copy of the gene that provides some degree of protection. However, an insufficient amount of the protein is available and symptoms develop after the first few months of life. The first task was to determine the chromosomal location for the responsible gene. Sufficient numbers of affected sisters had been characterized to allow investigators to focus their attention on an area of the X chromosome (Xq28). The search then began to identify the genes present in the region. A number of candidate genes were carefully examined for mutations, and these genes were systematically excluded. A recently isolated gene was found to be mutated in several individuals with the disorder. The gene encodes the methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Mutations in 2 critical domains of the protein were discovered to be present in several affected probands. What is the normal function of h s protein? In higher organisms, such as vertebrates, a large number of genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In hct, more than one third of genes are expressed only within the brain. Many of these genes are needed during critical periods of CNS development, and their expression must then be turned off. Other genes are required only after birth, and turning these genes on at the appropriate time is critical to normal and proper development. In addition, some genes are expressed only if they lie on either the maternal or paternal chromosome, a phenomenon called genomic imprinting (see recent columns). Disruption of this normal genetic mechanism is responsible for several human disorders, including Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. A mechanism has evolved to regulate which genes are expressed and which must be repressed in both genomic imprinting and normal development. The stable silencing of a large fraction of genes allows cells to transcribe only those genes that are essential for a particular cell type. One of the first steps in this process involves the modification of chromosomal DNA by the addition of methyl groups to the cytosine nucleotide. Furthermore, the methylation that occurs is particularly enriched within stretches of DNA containing numerous cytosine and guanine pairs, so-called CpG islands. Such CpG islands are present throughout the genome, but they are most numerous within the promoters of genes, which are the regions of a gene known to regulate its expression pattern. Initially, it was speculated that DNA methylation alone was sufficient to prevent the initiation of transcription. This turns out not to be the case. Several additional modifications are required to interfere with the binding of the transcriptional machinery to the promoter region of genes. Specific methylbinding proteins must first recognize the methylated regions. The chromatin structure is then modified so that the promoter is no longer accessible to transcription factors or other enzymes required to initiate transcription. This regulatory mechanism allows the amounts of specific proteins to be finely tuned over the life of the organism. The relationship between DNA methylation, chromatin structure, and gene expression has been recognized for some time. The protein that was recently implicated in Rett syndrome, MeCP2, links 2 steps in gene regulation: DNA methylation and histone deacetylation. MeCP2 has at least 2 functional domains that carry out these dual functions. At one end, a domain of the protein recognizes methylated CpG islands and allows the protein to bind tightly to these sequences. The second functional domain is then activated. This region is responsible for the recruitment of another group of proteins, termed the histone deacetylase complex, to the segment of DNA that must be repressed. The protein complex


Bamboo pulp fiber was prepared by selective oxidation with sodium periodate.The structure of 2,3-dialdehyde was analyzed by X-Ray.This paper reported the effect of oxidant′s concentration on the growth rate,the amount of aldehyde groups and mechanical properties of oxidized bamboo pulp fiber.The result showed that the strength,elongation at break and initial modulus of oxidized bamboo pulp fiber all decreased.


This report deals with selected issues concerning future regulation of suborbital flights in Europe. Suborbital flights are flights that enter outer space, but do not execute a full orbit around the Earth. In Europe, such flights are not regulated by special rules and lie between aviation and space law. This study analyses specific legal issues of suborbital flights de lege lata, i.e. as the law currently stands, and de lege ferenda, as the law could be more appropriately formed in the future. These issues regard (1) the methodology to be followed as to whether to regulate and how, (2) the applicable legal regime to suborbital flights, (3) issues of jurisdiction, with a short mention of registration problems (4) passenger liability of operators and (5) third party liability of operators. Safety issues, owing to their complexity and the need of especially extensive analysis, are outside the scope of this study.


We show, via module theory, that state-space realizations at infinity (generalized state-space realizations) play a role with respect to system equivalence at infinity (strong system equivalence) analogous to that played by state-space realizations with respect to strict system equivalence. We also give a module-theoretic characterization of state modules at infinity


This paper discusses design challenges identified during the development of blockchain-enabled capabilities of a smart home. The challenges are analyzed and classified, and a literature review is conducted to systematically aggregate possible solutions and the best practices proposed by scholars and business.


Digitalisation is increasingly finding its way into the production process of manufacturing companies. The paper deals with the question of how manufacturing data of a milling process can be analysed using machine learning (ML) methods to classify surface defects at an early stage of production. The paper develops an ML model that classifies image data based on the surface roughness of produced parts. For this purpose, sample parts were produced on a milling machine in the learning and research factory for Industry 4.0, the Smart Production Lab at FH Joanneum, Austria. This resulted in a data set of about 38,500 images. The developed based on a convolutional neural network model achieved an accuracy of 82% in predicting surface quality. The model divides produced sample parts into quality classes with a surface roughness between Ra 0.3 and Ra 2.3. Being used in industrial processes, the developed ML model enables reliable prediction of surface quality without manual measurement and evaluation.


This paper describes a sinusoidal chirplet transform (SCT) to estimate the parameters of a sinusoidal frequency modulated (SFM) signal. With the idea of parametric time-frequency (TF) analysis, the TF concentration could be greatly improved. Moreover, the iteration process provides more accurate and refined parameter estimation results. Numerical evaluation shows the SCT can provide a better TF concentration and achieve balance between estimation accuracy and computational complexity.


The objective of this work is to clarify the location and magnitude of flooding in polymer electrolyte fuel cells with a conventional flow field experimentally and by a numerical calculation. In the experiment, a newly developed cell with a conventional, interdigitated-switchable gas-flow field was used and the pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the cathode was measured with the interdigitated flow field after the cell was operated with the conventional flow field. Significant pressure drop was observed after high current densities were flown; the pressure drop indicates the flooding level in a gas diffusion layer (GDL) during the conventional flow field operation. The cell performance and the flooding behavior depended significantly on wetting properties of catalyst layers and GDLs. In the simulation, liquid water distribution in the cathode GDL was predicted using a two-phase model, and validated by comparing the pressure drop measured and calculated using a gas-flow model. The simulation results agreed well with experimental data at high humidity condition and showed that a large amount of liquid water exists in the cathode GDL at high current densities.


Contents: Introduction, Brian Black and Laurie Patton. Part I Dialogues Inside and Outside the Texts: The frogs have raised their voice: Rg Veda 7.103 as a poetic contemplation of dialogue, Laurie Patton Dialogue and apostrophe: a move by VAulmA"ki?, Alf Hiltebeitel Didactic dialogues: communication of doctrine and strategies of narrative in Jain literature, Anna Aurelia Esposito The Buddha as storyteller: the dialogical setting of JAutaka stories, Naomi Appleton. Part II Texts in Dialogue: Orality, authority and conservatism in the PrajA+-AupAuramitAu SA"tras, Douglas Osto The dialogue of tradition: PurAua'a, GA"tAu, and theological heritage, Elizabeth M. Rohlman Dialogue and genre in Indian philosophy: GA"tAu, polemic, and doxography, Andrew J. Nicholson. Part III Moving Between Traditions: Bowing to the Buddha: the relationship between literary and social dialogue in the NikAuyas, Michael Nichols The power of persuasion: the use of dialogues to justify and promote 'early' renunciation in the Jaina and Hindu traditions, Jonathan Geen Trusted deceivers: illusion-making ascetics, Paa'a,iitas, Brahmins, and Bodhisattas and the conditions for the dialogic in ArthaA'Austra and JAutaka scenarios of rule, Lisa Wessman Crothers Dialogue and difference: encountering the other in Indian religious and philosophical sources, Brian Black. Index.


A novel edge detection method for medical image is proposed for the characteristics of the medical images and drawback of classical method.The characters of ideal image edge of 3×3 mask are considered and two pixel sets in the mask are used to construct an objective function.By distance measure,the values of the objective function corresponding to four directions can be determined and the edge intensity is computed.Then a max value of each pixel in the mask can be obtained.Through comparing with threshold given and by applying non-maxima suppression method,the pixel can be judged that it is or not an edge pixel.At last,the edge points of the image are extracted by double-threshold connecting.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of the ability to detect the edge and noise.The final edge image is precisely localized with single pixel.


This paper studies mathematical fractional-order model of the Hantavirus infection in terms of simple differential equations involving the mice population. A study of the effect of changes in ecological conditions and diversity of habitats can be observed by varying the value of the environmental parameter k. Generalized Euler method (GEM) is considered in this paper to obtain an analytic approximate solution of this model.


In the neuromuscular system of the senior,there is a series of structural and functional changes,including age-inducing muscle atrophy,muscle strength decline and motor units decrease. The change of endocrine,is not in favor of the senior muscle metabolism,in which the amount of total serum testosterone and growth hormone continually decreases,whereas the amount of cortisol increases. These aging signs bring the senior inconvenience in their daily life. However,strength exercise can effectively improve muscle mass and strength,alter percentage of muscle fiber and cause endocrine adaptive changes.


Alkyd base antistatic paints were prepared using carbon black and graphite as conductive fillers.The mass ratio of graphite and carbon blacks and their use level in the paints was studied.The effects of coupling agent KH550,NTC-401,and JSC on the conductivity were also researched.The results showed that the dispersion of fillers can be improved by adding 2.5% of NTC-401;the conductivity of the as prepared paints reached 439Ω·cm-2,which was far below the requirement in Chinese standard.


Research purposes: Nowadays the professionally theoretical method is still common used for prediction of water-gushing volume of tunnel with low precision,so it is necessary to seek a new method of predicting the water-gushing volume of super long tunnel on Shijiazhuang-Taiyuna Passenger Dedicated Railway Line with computer technology for the purposes of directing the construction.Research methods:With the integration of theoretical model with 2D and 3d mathematical models,rational setting the boundary conditions makes the mathematical models close to real conditions.Research results:The predicted results obtained by 2D and 3D models with finite-element method are matching each other and very close to the observed data on site.Research conclusions:This prediction method can direct the construction and provide the reference to the calculation of water-gushing volume of the tunnel in the similar areas.However,the value of water-gushing volume predicted with 3D model is smaller than that with 2D model because of simplifying classification of units,so the improvement of the program will be made in future.


Plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) is a vascular benign tumour involving nerve fascicles and is seen in up to 40% of cases of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). PNF has a preponderance for the craniomaxillofacial region,1 but involvement of the genitourinary tract is rare.2 The presenting symptoms of PNF mainly depend on the location of the lesion. The pelvic neurofibroma usually presents with lower urinary tract symptoms and bowel dysfunction. However, unusual locations can result in diagnostic dilemma. Here, we report a case of NF1 with pelvic neurofibroma which imitated a seminal vesicle mass.


We show that a large class of stochastic heat equations can be approximated by systems of interacting stochastic differential equations. As a consequence, we prove various comparison principles extending earlier results. Among other things, our results enable us to obtain sharp estimates on the moments of the solution. A main technical ingredient of our method is a local limit theorem which is of independent interest.


BACKGROUND
While agreement exists about the benefits of regionalization for high-risk births, little evidence exists regarding regionalization of low-risk births. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of regionalization on neonatal survival focussed on low-risk births.

METHODS
Data from the perinatal birth register of Hesse, 1990-1999 were used comprising detailed information about 582,655 births covering more than 95% of all births in Hesse. Outcome events were death during labour or within the first 7 days of life (early-neonatal death). Mortality rates and corresponding 95% CI were calculated according to hospital volume measured by births per year and birthweight categories.

RESULTS
Birthweight-specific mortality rates were lowest in large delivery units and highest in smaller delivery units. This gradient was especially pronounced within low-risk births and was also confirmed in several logistic regression models adjusting for additional risk factors. A more than threefold mortality risk was observed in hospitals with <500 births/year compared with hospitals with >1,500 births/year (odds ratio = 3.48; 95% CI: 2.64-4.58). Further trend analyses indicated that prenatal prevention programmes and the increasing usage of modern prenatal diagnostic procedures have not reduced this gradient in recent years.

CONCLUSIONS
This analysis presents an urgent public policy issue of whether such elevated risk in smaller delivery units is acceptable or if further consolidation of birthing units should be considered to reduce early-neonatal mortality.


This paper introduces the research field "Urban Emotions" – an interdisciplinary approach combining not only spatial planning and (geo-) informatics, but also computer linguistics and sensor technology methods. A new set of methods will be formed for the area of urban and spatial planning, resulting in a fundamental change of the understanding of planning. One of the main objectives is the involvement of citizens into planning processes. Therefore, new techniques are developed to collect and analyse data on the emotional perception of space and provide it to the people and also planners. Not only the human perception in the context of the city, and the combination with human sensory processes are contents of this paper, but also the critical discussion of these effects to privacy issues. Based on the topics "mental maps" and psychogeography in combination with the field of digital emotional urban tagging, the potential of integrating objectively quantified emotions in the context of citizen participation will be explained. In the following, partly established and partly experimental methods for collecting and analysing "Urban Emotions" will be introduced. Based on two studies, the possibilities of transfering these methodsinto the planning praxis will be shown on the one hand and on the other hand the potential for further development for other disciplines will be more evident.


Esterification of the Wang resin 5 with the monoamide of oxalic acid (oxamic acid, 7) followed by dehydration of the amide function furnishes the resin-bound cyanoformate 9, which can be elaborated by zinc-catalyzed reaction with β-keto esters. The obtained enamino keto diesters 10a–d react with hydrazines affording, after removal from the solid support, fully substituted pyrazoledicarboxylic acids 12a–n. Optimization of the above sequence and the solid-phase synthesis of a small test-library of 1,5-disubstituted pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid derivatives are described. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)


Abstract This article discusses the role of the category Religion in the modern state formation. The liberal private/public religion/state rhetoric plays a central part in the "rise" of the modern state. The binary oppositions of this rhetoric are crucial to the creation of a very unique type of society, which serves as the basis for the formation of the modern state. With reference to Russell McCutcheon, this essay examines this process, drawing on examples from early modern political philosophy (e.g., Locke, Hobbes, Rousseau), before explicitly tackling the question of the role of religion by addressing two German (Fischer and Bockenforde) authors in particular.


The notion that human body form and function are related is strong in folklore and literature, and in medicine dates back at least to Hippocrates. The Normative Aging Study is in a position to test this belief among large numbers of healthy subjects followed over their adult lifetimes. The goals, procedures, and early findings of the morphologic aspect of the Normative Aging Study are presented in this article.