D rugs that target microtubules are thought to inhibit cell division and cell migration by suppressing dynamic instability, a ― Search & Capture ‖ behavior that allows microtubules to probe their environment. Here, we report that subtoxic drug concentrations are sufficient to inhibit plus-end microtubule dynamic instability and cell migration without affecting cell division or microtubule assembly. The higher drug concentrations needed to inhibit cell division act through a novel mechanism that generates microtubule fragments by stimulating microtubule minus-end detachment from their organizing centers. The frequency of microtubule detachment in untreated cells increases at prophase suggesting that it is a regulated cellular process important for spindle assembly and function. We observed that drugs produce differential dose-dependent effects at microtubule plus and minus-ends to inhibit different microtubule-mediated functions. This is the basic mechanism of an anti-cancer drug. We are using different techniques to identify the mutated genes as well as 3D protein structure analysis


On the adaptability of CRD and dual sidewall guide pit for passing through sand layer of Xiamen Xiang-An seabed tunnel,elastic-plasticity simulation has been executed by FLAC3D and Mohr-coulomb criterion.The space-time development and distribution of plastic zone of two kinds of methods have been compared;the surveying results and the simulation results have been compared too.Analysis indicates that there is little difference in the displacement of tunnel and well control of stratum displacement by both methods.Plastic zone develops more obviously above the tunnel side by CRD method and is larger by CRD method than by dual sidewall guide pit method.It is comparatively obvious that the plasticity district develops in the side direction of the tunnel by dual sidewall guide pit method and the leading influence distance is also longer than that by CRD method.The development speed of plasticity district is comparatively fast in the range of the leading 3~6 m in CRD tunnel and 0~3 m in sidewall guide pit tunnel.There are different advantages by both methods for passing through sand layer.The one that should pay attention to the CRD tunnel is fast closing of tunnel in order to reduce the development of the plasticity district and for dual sidewall guide pit tunnel is increasing horizontal supporting rigidity in order to reduce the horizontal displacement.


Histamine has long been known to be involved in inflammatory events.The discovery of antihistamines dates back to the first half of the 20th century when a Swiss-Italian pharmacologist,Daniel Bovet began his work.In 1957 he was awarded a Nobel Prize for his production of antihistamines for allergy relief.Since that time,histamine has been found to play a role in other events besides allergic reaction.Possiblyun believable to Bovet and his peers,histamine has now been marked as playing a role in liver pathologies including hepatobiliary diseases.


Abstract. Our recent study (Yagova et al., 2017) shows that ultralow frequency (ULF) pulsations are seen in ground-based magnetic and luminosity data in the polar cap for a few hours preceding isolated non-triggered substorms. Such pulsations are characterised by a high level of coherence. There might be two possible origins of these pulsations: ULF disturbances in the solar wind or processes inside the magnetosphere, which lead to a substorm generation. In this case, the first scenario should be considered as a substorm trigger. To understand the role of the mentioned mechanisms in developing of pulsations, a detailed case study has been carried out. It is shown that before a weak substorm, fluctuations with the central frequency 1.5 mHz are observed in the both polar caps in ground-based geomagnetic data. Coherent pulsations with the same main frequency are also seen in the magnetotail magnetic field, in addition to simultaneous electron concentration in the ionosphere, while fluctuations in electron temperature and electron flux in the magnetosphere have a slightly different main frequency. These pulsations appeared after ULF activity in solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field became inappreciable.


Background: Enchondromas are among the most common primary neoplasms of the hand, and often present as pathologic fractures in the proximal phalanx. Aim and objectives: Herein we report the management of an enchondroma in the proximal phalanx of the hand. A review on the current literature of this common neoplasm is included. Materials and Methods: A 25-year-old man presented to our emergency room with pain and deformity in his left index finger. Open reduction and internal Kirschner wire fixation combined with a biopsy were performed. Pathological examination showed an enchondroma. Intralesional curettage was performed and the bony defect was bridged with an iliac cancellous bone graft. Results: The finger had a normal appearance and flexion and extension of the index finger were not functionally impaired. Postoperative radiographic follow up after 2 years did not show recurrence. Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation combined with biopsy is an optimal approach for treating enchondromas of the hand, which present as pathologic fractures. The approach facilitated a definite diagnosis and shortened the period of disability. Intralesional curettage and an iliac cancellous bone graft for bone loss treatment can be successfully performed for tumor ablation and defect reconstruction.


Leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies into farming domains contribute significantly in more productive and sustainable farming activities. The concept of Smart stable depends on smart devices with the Internet connection to monitor and control the stable system and its animals. This paper proposes this method to provide the farmer and the horse trainer with an automated process to perform their daily activities to take better decisions or more efficient exploitation operations and management. In addition to that, the proposed system with being powered with artificial intelligence (AI) component able to absorb new horse health status updates then combines it with knowledge learned from historical records to predict the horse readiness for participating in training or real race sessions. The system equipped with sensors to detect physical data from the real world such as the speed of the horse, temperature, heartbeats, recovery time. Gathered data flows feed an advanced visualization dashboard based on Kibana, while another branch of data flow feeds the AI component.


Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique has been widely used to analyze the electrical properties of a large number of materials. In this study, the electrical properties of CeO2 pellets under CO oxidation conditions have been analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CeO2 pellets have been prepared by a conventional precipitation method and sintered at low temperature to satisfy a compromise between large surface area and a high relative density of the pellet. The electrical properties of CeO2 have been investigated under different atmosphere conditions such as N2, O2, CO, CO2, or selected combinations. The electrical sensitivity of CeO2 to the surrounding atmosphere allows to follow the catalytic reaction as a function of the CO : O2 ratio and temperature. The appropriate analysis of the electrical response by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy could open a new insight to monitor the catalytic response and behavior of any catalyst.


The procedure of preparing single crystals of nickel and copper by the method of slow solidification, and the apparatus for producing and observing light figures of crystals were described. Single crystals of nickel and copper were etched with aqueous solutions of acids and salts, of various concentrations, for different time-intervals, and light figures on the three principal crystal planes (100), (110), and (111) were observed and examined in detail in view of utilizing them for determining the orientations of the said metal crystals. The symmetry characteristics of the light figures are naturally invariable, while their forms may, in general, vary with an etching reagent, its temperature, and the time of etching. The most suitable light figures for the determination of the crystal orientation were found to be those on (100) planes, except a few cases for nickel crystals.


Scratch-dig is an acknowledged cosmetic specification that is often misused as a specification to limit scattered light. In spite of its shortcomings, the stray light analyst is often called upon to write this specification, or at least approve it. An analytic model that relates a bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) to a scratch-dig specification is proposed. Applying scalar diffraction theory and some idealizations for the shape, orientation, and number of scratches and digs; the magnitude and functional form of the BRDF is derived. The effective BRDF associated with the scratch dig specification is compared with the magnitude and functional form of the BRDF from surface roughness and contamination.


Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) consist of a perfluorinated ionomer membrane (usually Nafion® or Flemion®) plated on both faces with a noble metal such as gold or platinum and neutralized with a certain amount of counterions that balance the electrical charge of anions covalently fixed to the backbone ionomer. IPMCs are electroactive materials with potential applications as actuators and sensors. Their electrical-chemical mechanical response is dependent on the cations used, the nature and the amount of solvent uptake, the morphology of the electrodes, the composition of the backbone ionomer, the geometry and boundary conditions of the composite element and the magnitude and spatial and time-variation of the applied potential. With water as the solvent, the applied electric potential must be limited to less than 1.3V at room temperature, to avoid electrolysis. Moreover, water evaporation in open air presents additional problems. These and related factors limit the application of IPMCs with water as the solvent. We present the results of a series of tests on both Nafion- and Flemion-based IPMCs with ethylene glycol, glycerol, and crown ethers as solvents. IPMCs with these solvents have greater solvent uptake, and can be subjected to relatively high voltages without electrolysis. They can be actuated in open air for rather long time periods, and at low temperatures. They may be good actuators when high-speed actuation is not necessary. In addition, their slow response in open air allows direct observation of the physical characteristics of the cathode and anode surfaces of a cantilever during actuations. This can provide additional clues for unraveling the underpinning micromechanisms of their actuation. We seek to model the IPMCs' actuation and compare results with the experimental data. The modeling rests on the observation that a sudden application of a step potential (DC) of several volts (1-3 V) alters the distribution of cations within the ionomer, forcing cations out of the clusters near the anode and additional cations into the clusters near the cathode. The clusters within a thin boundary layer near the anode are thus depleted of their cations while cations accumulate in the clusters near the cathode boundary layer. We first seek to determine the spatial and temporal variation of the cation distribution across the thickness of the IPMC for various cations and solvents, using implicit finite difference numerical solution of the basic field equations, and compare the results with those of approximate analytical estimates. Based on this information, we then calculate the changes in the osmotic, electrostatic, and elastic forces that tend to expand or contract the clusters in the anode and cathode boundary layers. Finally, we calculate the amount of solvent out of or into the clusters that produces the bending motion of the cantilever


Background: The questioned link between air pollution and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreading or related mortality represents a hot topic that has immediately been regarded in the light of divergent views. A first (cid:515) school of thought (cid:516)(cid:561) advocates(cid:561) that(cid:561) what(cid:561) matters(cid:561) are(cid:561) only standard epidemiological variables (i.e. frequency of interactions in proportion of the viral charge). A second school of thought argues that co-factors such as quality of air play an important role too. Methods : 26 We analyzed available literature concerning the link between air quality, as measured by different 27 pollutants and a number of COVID-19 outcomes, such as number of positive cases, deaths, and 28 excess mortality rates. We reviewed several studies conducted worldwide and discussing many different methodological approaches aimed at investigating causality associations. Results: Our 30 paper reviewed the most recent empirical researches documenting the existence of a huge evidence produced worldwide concerning the role played by air pollution on health in general and on 32 COVID-19 outcomes in particular. These results support both research hypotheses, i.e. long-term exposure effects and short-term consequences (including the hypothesis of particulate matter acting viral(cid:561) (cid:515)carrier(cid:516)(cid:508) according to the two schools of thought, respectively. Conclusions: The link 35 between air pollution and COVID-19 outcomes is strong and robust as resulting from many 36 different research methodologies. Policy implications should be drawn from a (cid:515)rational(cid:516)(cid:561) assessment 37 of these findings as (cid:515) not taking any action (cid:516)(cid:561)represents(cid:561)an(cid:561)action itself. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19


The informal economy makes an important contribution to economic activity but knowledge about the country-level conditions that influence an informal firm's willingness to formalise is limited. This article integrates insights from institutional theory and the imprinting hypothesis to explain how factor markets and institutional quality affect the likelihood that informal firms formalise over time, as well as how these effects are contingent on economic conditions at the founding stage. Using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys comprising of 8005 observations from 2477 firms in 73 countries, the results suggest that better factor markets and institutional quality increase the likelihood of formalisation and these relationships are strengthened by favourable economic conditions at the founding stage. The low correlation between factor markets and institutional quality supports the importance of separating these dimensions, while the moderating effect of economic conditions at the founding stage supports the importance of imprinting.


Excerpt A group of patients being studied for known or potential metabolic bone disease was given a double tetracycline label with 900 mg oral Dimethychloral tetracycline. An eleventh rib biopsy wa...


This article aimed to characterize the cluster of wine from the Region of Vale do Rio do Peixe, Santa Catarina in the Midwest, with a view to identifying its structure end current stage of development. The work was carried out through a descriptive study based on the approach proposed by Esser et al (1994)


A loading of 22.38 kg of U/sup 235/ and 33.8 g B/sup 10/ for APPR1 Core II results in an effective multiplication of 1.023 at startup with equilibrium xenon at temperature. The control rod absorber sections contain 151 g of europium per plate contained as 38 wt. % Eu/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in a stainless steel matrix. The internal flux suppressors incorporated into the end of the control rod fuel plates are 0.020 x 0.875 x 2.281 in. They contain 23.2 wt. % Eu/sub 2/ O/sub 3/ in a stainless steel matrix. These will eliminate the problem of flux peaking in the control rod fuel section. (W. D. M.)


The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is committed to reducing fatalities and injuries due to crashes on the Nation's roadways. NHTSA works daily to help prevent all types of crashes and reduce their attendant costs, both human and financial. NHTSA approaches distracted driving as a critical national safety problem and addresses it by applying "the four E's"—education, engineering, enforcement and emergency medical services. This report: defines distracted driving; provides facts about distraction crashes; reports what the public thinks about distracted driving; and explains the Department of Transportation's (DOT) response to this safety problem.


A composition comprising at least one oligomer of the formula I. wherein X is selected from the group consisting of alkylene of two to twelve carbon atoms, inclusive, alkylidene of one to twelve carbon atoms, inclusive, cycloalkylene of four to twelve carbon atoms, inclusive, cycloalkylidene of four to twelve carbon atoms, inclusive, -S-, -O-, -S-S-, a is zero or 1; n is an integer of one to about fifteen; R is alkylene of two to eight carbon atoms, inclusive, or alkylidene of one to eight carbon atoms, inclusive; R1 and R2 are the same or different and are alkyl or one to four carbon atoms, inclusive or halo; b and c are the same or different and are an integer of zero to four; and R3 and R4 are the same or different and are alkyl of one to eight carbon atoms, inclusive, or phenyl; and d and e are individually integers of 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that d+e is at least one.


We present the design of a novel performance-oriented serverless computing platform implemented in. NET, deployed in Microsoft Azure, and utilizing Windows containers as function execution environments. Implementation challenges such as function scaling and container discovery, lifecycle, and reuse are discussed in detail. We propose metrics to evaluate the execution performance of serverless platforms and conduct tests on our prototype as well as AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions, and IBM's deployment of Apache OpenWhisk. Our measurements show the prototype achieving greater throughput than other platforms at most concurrency levels, and we examine the scaling and instance expiration trends in the implementations. Additionally, we discuss the gaps and limitations in our current design, propose possible solutions, and highlight future research.


Matteo Ricci's treatise on friendship was his first and most influential work published in Chinese. By contrasting this text with his classical sources, this essay investigates the evolution of a strategy involving the use of the persona of a Western scholar friendly to Confucianism as a cover for Christian evangelism. For his extraordinary contribution to the early modern intellectual interaction of Europe and China, Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) has long been celebrated as one of the greatest "cultural brokers" (Gunn 172) and "a veritable 'bridge' between the two civilizations, European and Chinese" (John Paul II 2). Though appropriate, tributes like these fail to capture some crucial complexities. After rounding the Cape of Good Hope in 1497, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to reach the shores of the "middle kingdom." After aligning themselves with the Portuguese so as to benefit from the padroado, or papal-sanctioned division of geographical influence between Portugal and Spain, members of the newly established Society of Jesus became the first Christian missionaries to set up shop inside the vast country. In 1557 the Portuguese gained a permanent foothold in Macau at the southern tip of the Pearl River delta, but because they lacked "[the] superiority in applying organized violence" (Huntington 51), they had to accept the Chinese terms of a restricted trading relationship (Boxer). In 1565 the Jesuits established themselves in the same Portuguese enclave, but because of the failure of their attempt to turn the local Chinese population into not only Christians but also people with Portuguese names, clothes, and customs, Alessandro Valignano (1539-1606), who became the Jesuit Visitor of Asia in 1574, was compelled to experiment with a radically different missionary strategy for the Chinese mainland (Dunne). Working as one of the very first two members of the Jesuit China mission to implement Valignano's new policy of cultural accommodation, Ricci always disguised his real identity. His dubious self-representation greatly assisted his evangelical effort and eventually contributed to his posthumous fame, but it also hampered seriously what he single-mindedly set out to do. Both the intricacy and the irony of his achievement can be seen in his treatise Jiao-You-Lun (On Friendship), which, in addition to being his first and most widely influential work published in Chinese, marked a crucial turning point of his proselytizing enterprise in the late Ming dynasty. Ricci's essay on friendship was composed in late 1595 in Nanchang, the capital city of Jiangxi Province. Before then Ricci had already been in China for twelve years. For much of that time he had been trying to understand the social and political peculiarities of his host country and to make himself understood in a way that would facilitate, rather than hinder, his Christian mission. To avoid antagonism, he knew that he had to blend in; the recognition of this need, rather than plain dishonesty and deception, motivated him to assume from the very beginning a persona that at once explained and somewhat concealed who he really was. Just before his historic entry into the country in 1583, for instance, he shaved his beard, cut off his hair, and put on the robe of a Buddhist monk. Neither at that time nor later did he truly understand Buddhism, but he saw its usefulness as a cover for Christianity. Since he dressed himself as a Buddhist monk only for the purpose of being unobtrusive in his real mission, it is not surprising that he decided in 1594 to discard his Buddhist clothes, grow back his beard and hair, and present himself in the garb and guise of a Confucian scholar. Back in 1583, Ricci's intentionally ambiguous outfit of a Buddhist monk made it possible for him to befriend a local Chinese magistrate, who helped him and his companion, Michele Ruggieri, acquire a piece of land outside the city of Zhaoqing, in Guangdong Province, on which to build a house with a chapel. …


The leather defects detection is dividing the abnormal parts from theperfect background using vision technology of computer.The current methods based on two categories,spatial domain and frequency domain which are surveyed in the text with listing the disadvantages and merits of every method.Then an experiment was done to evaluate these methods.


Abstract Bredigite has been recently evaluated as a biodegradable ceramic with high mechanical strength, biocompatibility, bioactivity and excellent cell behavior. The objective of this research was to fabricate a nanostructured bredigite scaffold for bone repair and restoration via the space holder technique. The crystallite size, phase composition, particle size, pore morphology and pore size distribution of the scaffold were characterized using X-ray diffraction, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the fabrication of a highly interconnected porous scaffold, with a total porosity of about 86%, a pore size of about 400–600 μm, and the compressive strength of about 1.1 MPa. The prepared scaffold with nanosized structure and high porosity level leading to a high specific surface area could be used as an ideal scaffold for bone regeneration in bone tissue engineering applications.


In this study, sweet sorghum bagasse was used as an immobilized carrier for acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation production. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the relationship between Clostridium cells and the sorghum bagasse in terms of adsorption and embedding. The ABE productivity and yield of ABE solvents in batch fermentation were 0.37 g L−1 h−1 and 0.41 g g−1, with 68% and 24% improvement than free cells, respectively. Repeated batch fermentation was carried out under optimized conditions, plus a total of 970 h of continuous fermentation at different dilution rates. A maximum ABE concentration of 16.5 g L−1 was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.08 per h, with optimized yield and productivity. This novel immobilization method using sweet sorghum bagasse offers an attractive prospect for the industrial production of bio-based butanol.


Scientific knowledge of meningococcal infection has increased greatly since the epidemic nature of the illness was first described by Vieusseux at the dawn of the nineteenth century (1805). Meningococcus is a pathogenic member of the Neisseria genus and classified in the family Neisseriaceae. It is a Gram-negative coffee bean shaped, aerobic, diplococcus, naturally inhabiting the human pharynx. Meningococcal disease occurs worldwide as an endemic disease with seasonal variations. The incidence varies in the human population from rare to over 1000 per 100,000 in different parts of the world, outbreaks occur every 8 to 12 years, frequently resulting in attack rates of 500 to 1000 cases per 100,000 population. However, the most common manifestations of meningococcal disease are meningitis, where the bacteria can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and septicemia, where the bacteria are found in the blood. The overall mortality in patients suffering from meningococcal disease is about 10%. The clinical course of severe septicemia is rapidly progressive, where the time from onset of fever until death can be as short as 12 hours. In meningitis patients, 8 to 20% of the survivors suffer from neurological sequelae, varying from deafness and mental retardation to concentration disturbances. The gold standard for definitive diagnosis of meningococcal disease is isolation of meningococci from a normally sterile body fluid. Effective antibiotics immediately stop the proliferation of meningococci.


Adult capability for learning explicitly from and amongst the experiences of the workplace has emerged over the last 10 years as a prominent site of national and international policy and practice, often dressed up as 'lifelong learning'. Lifelong learning as national policy, at least in Western democracies, assumes that it is up to each adult to identify and pursue opportunities for her or his own employability, and that this may include formal studies (the old 'recurrent' or continuing education ethos), and also informal experiences. UNESCO, at its Second International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education, in Seoul in April 1999, had as its theme, 'Lifelong Learning and Training: a bridge to the future'. Crossing that bridge to the future, according to UNESCO (1999), will mean:


To the Editor.'--We would like to comment on the article entitled "The Role of Colonoscopy in the Assessment of Patients With Colorectal Cancer" (Thorson AG, Christensen MA, Davis SJ. Dis Colon Rectum 1986;29: 306-11). The authors properly emphasize the importance of preoperative detection of synchronous carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Thei r implied conclusions regarding the accuracy of bar ium enema, however, are not warranted by the experimental data. This study does not permit a valid comparison of colonoscopy and bar ium enema. The study design was not impart ial and strongly favored colonoscopy. Initially biased patient selection excluded all patients in whom carcinoma was detected by bar ium enema, but proceeded to definitive treatment without colonoscopy. Second, in contrast to bar ium enemas which were included regardless of their adequacy, all colonoscopies which did not reach the cecum were conveniently excluded from the study. The percentage of incomplete colonoscopies is not stated. A recent national survey of members of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy found that colonoscopy was incomplete in 26 percent of patientsA Because recent data indicate that an increasing proport ion of polyps z and carcinomas ~ are located in the right colon, this represents a significant l imitation of colonoscopy. Any evaluation for colonic neoplasm must include the entire colon. Additionally, considering colonoscopy as the absolute standard automatically introduces bias against the accuracy of bar ium enema. Careful comparative studies indicate that colonoscopy also has the potential to miss polypoid lesions.4, 5 Other criticisms of the study relate to the inclusion of in situ carcinomas within the category of "cancer," despite the absence of their potential for metastasis; and the inclusion of diminutive polyps, many of which are hyperplastic, within the category of "polyp." Twenty percent of the early carcinomas were in situ lesions, and 50 percent of polyps missed by air contrast bar ium enema were diminutive, i.e., less than 5 mm. The clinical significance of both these lesions differs from that usually ascribed to carcinoma and adenomas. We do not disagree that colonoscopy is indicated for preoperative evaluation of the colon in patients with one colonic neoplasm to confirm histology and to search for synchronous lesions. The results of this study, however, should not be inferred to apply to other screening situations. Air contrast bar ium enema has been shown to have a sensitivity approaching colonoscopy in detection of polyps greater than 5 m m in size. 5, 6 It provides a survey of the entire colon at a cost approximately one fourth that of colonoscopy. In addition, the bar ium enema can be done with less risk to the patient, and without sedation. Air contrast bar ium enema, particularly in combinat ion with flexible sigmoidoscopy, should assume a prominent role in the screening of patients for colonic neoplasms. The authors correctly emphasize that examiner expertise, careful attention to technical details, and meticulous preparat ion of the colon are essential when any evaluation of the colon is attempted. This clearly was not the situation in all of the institutions represented in this study. Compar ison of suboptimal bar ium enema to preselected successful colonoscopy does not fairly reflect the potential accuracy of a well-performed bar ium enema. Endoscopy and bar ium examinations are not mutual ly exclusive. They are both subject to technical failures and interpretive errors. Cost considerations and local expertise are significant factors in the choice of which of the two modalities should be used first in the assessment of patients with colorectal cancer. 3


BACKGROUND: The aim was to determine the demography and causes of the patient with a complaint of dizziness. METHODS: This report included the patients with an only complaint of dizziness in ED between 1 May and 1 July in 2008. Age, sex, chronic disease, chronic drug usage, physical examination findings studied with Dix-Halpike and Eppley tests if suitable, EKG, imaging if needed. The statistical tests were descriptive and Kruskal Wallis test with SPSS 15. RESULTS: There were a total of 79 patients in this prospective study. The males were 35.4% and the females were 64.6% of the patients. 60.8% had at least one chronic disease. 46.8% had chronically drug treatment. 39.2% of them visited EDs with similar complain in last two weeks. 22.78% of patients were hospitalised. 8.86% of patients had a cardiac problem, 6.32% were psychiatric and others were followed as hematological, inflectional and acute gastrointestinal diseases. The cases were evaluated as the patients with vertiginous and non-vertiginous symptoms. There was not spontan nystagmus in 69.1% of the vertiginous group. Vertiginous group divided in peripheral and central. 44.9% of them had Dix-Halpike test and 30.6% of them had positive findings. 44.9% of them had Eppley maneuver and the ratio of relieving symptoms were 28.6% without any medication in patients within the same peripheral group. In the central vertiginous group 16.7% of them didn't have any significant central findings. CONCLUSION: The patients with a complain of dizziness should be evaluated with all systems carefully not to misdiagnose life-threatened


Ti-6Al-4V which is known as the workhorse of the aerospace industries has been widely used for structural body frame and engine components specifically in fan blade due to its capabilities to withstand the harsh environment of the workplace with properties of high in strength to weight ratio, high in tensile and fatigue strength, and high in corrosion resistance. By substituting vanadium with Iron in Ti-6Al-4V, it is economically beneficial as a low-cost material alloy composition. Since iron is closely related to rusting, the effect of substitution vanadium to iron should be consider. This paper reviews on various mechanical properties of a newly formed alloy of Ti-6Al-xFe. All such properties are then compared with Ti-6Al-4V as a reference alloy.


Excerpt The profound influence of the parathyroid glands on calcium metabolism is apparent from both experimental and clinical studies. Removal of these glands results in a marked decrease in serum...


TEM studies have revealed the temperature dependence of the magnetic domain structure in the crystal MnV${}_{2}$O${}_{4}$, which has attracted considerable attention because of the intriguing coupling of structural orders (magnetism, orbital, and lattice) and potential applications of these phenomena. Although this crystal forms well-defined magnetic domains because of long-range ferrimagnetic order, in both the cubic and the tetragonal phases, the magnetic information is dramatically reduced at temperatures below \ensuremath{\sim}42 K. The results provide useful information for understanding magnetic anomalies, such as glassy behavior in the thermomagnetization curves, which have been reported in this temperature range.


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Dinghushan, which is situated between 23°10′ N.Lat.and 112°34′ E.Long.is a famous natural reserve in the central part of Guangdong Province, S.China.Lin et al.reported 3 species of epiphyllous liverworts from the reserve in 1982, i.e., Cololejeunea yoshinagana (Hatt.) Mizut., Leptolejeunea subacuta (Steph.) Evans and Pedinolejeunea aoshimensis (Horik.) Chen et P.C.Wu.Zhu Ruiliang, one of the present authors, collected 28 specimens of epiphyllous liverworts from the reserve in December 1989.Based on the new collection, 11 species of epiphylloue liverworts are added.In this paper, all the species of epiphyllous liverworts from the reserve are listed.A new species, Cololejeunea dinghuiana Zhu Wang, is described and illustrated.Cololejeunea yoshinagana (Hatt.) Mizut.Reported previously by Lin et al.is treated as wrong identification of Cololejeunea goebelii (Gott.ex Schiffn.) Schiffn.So present authors think Cololejeunea yoshinagana (Hatt.) Mizut.has not been recorded in China.


Stimulated Brillouin scattering pulse compression of a 2.5ns laser into a 175ps pulse using a fused quartz is demonstrated without optical damage. The synchronization and the time jitter between the initial and the compressed pulses were measured (σ<80ps) and analyzed numerically.


Objective: To observe the changes of metalloproteinases(MMP-2,MMP-9) expression in pulmonary tissue of emphysema with lung qi-deficiency syndrome ras, approach the significance and probable mechanism as well. Methods: 90 rats were divided into two groups: the control group(one month, two month and three month) and the emphysema with lung qi-deficiency syndrome group( one month, two month and three month). The rat's model was built by intratracheal instillation of small dose lipopolysaccharide twice, exposure to cigarette smoking. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined by immunohistochemical method. Results: The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were markedly increased in bronchi and pulmonary tissue in model group of each month compared with those of healthy control group. Conclusion: The increasment of MMP-2 and MMP-9 might play an important role in the development of the emphysema with lung qi-deficiency syndrome


We develop a superfield approach to the effective potential in the supersymmetric Chern-Simons theory coupled to matter, and, in Landau gauge, calculate the one-loop Kahlerian effective potential and give some qualitative prescriptions for the two-loop one.


HARPS North is the twin of the HARPS (High Accuracy Radial velocity for Planetary Search) spectrograph operating in La Silla (Chile) recently installed on the TNG in La Palma observatory and used to follow-up, the "hot" candidates delivered by the Kepler satellite. HARPS-N is delivered with its own software that completely integrates with the TNG control system. A special care has been dedicated to develop tools that will assist the astronomers during the whole process of taking images: from the observation schedule to the raw image acquisition. All these tools are presented in the paper. In order to provide a stable and reliable system, the software has been developed keeping in mind concepts like failover and high-availability. HARPS-N is made of heterogeneous systems, from normal computer to real-time systems, that's why the standard message queue middleware (ActiveMQ) was chosen to provide the communications between different processes. The path of operations starting with the Observation Blocks and ending with the FITS frames is fully automated and could allow, in the future, the completely remote observing runs optimized for the time and quality constraints.


A 22-year-old female with no significant past medical history was admitted with chronic bloody diarrhea and persistent epigastric pain radiating to the back for the previous 2 months. There was no history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or alcohol consumption. Physical examination revealed tenderness in the epigastrum, without peritoneal signs. Laboratory results showed leukocytosis (15,400/mL), elevated C-reactive protein (26.4 mg/dL), elevated lipase (8,158 UI/L), and positive anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibodies (ANCA). Neither abdominal ultrasound nor computed tomography showed any abnormality. A colonoscopy and ileoscopy were performed and revealed granular, swollen, and friable mucosa with continuous involvement of the entire colon and rectum, with terminal ileum spared (Figure 1). Biopsies from the colon and rectum showed distortion of crypt architecture with branching crypts, globet cells depletion, increased inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, and crypt abscesses (Figure 2). An endoscopic ultrasound revealed a dif-


Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes acute liver injury. Our previous study showed that gut microbiota modulates host susceptibility to APAP hepatotoxicity and identified a gut bacterial metabolite phenylpropionic acid (PPA) that alleviates APAP hepatotoxicity in mice. PPA levels in mouse cecum contents exhibit an excellent correlation to those in cardiac serum; inoculation of a PPA‐producing gut bacterium Clostridium sporogenes into the mice with minimal cecal and systemic PPA levels significantly increased systemic PPA levels. These results strongly support the notion that gut bacterial PPA production governs PPA systemic exposure in mice. The current study aims to characterize the genetic/biochemical determinants responsible for differential PPA levels in the mouse gut. Our hypothesis is that PPA production in gut bacteria is governed via two previously reported pathways for PPA production from L‐phenylalanine (L‐Phe): (1) L‐Phe reductive pathway catalyzed by enzymes encoded by the fld gene cluster (called Fld pathway; reported in only four different gut bacterial species) and (2) L‐Phe ammonia‐lyase (PAL) pathway (never reported in gut bacteria to date). LC‐MS/MS analysis of mouse cecal samples revealed that L‐Phe levels were not correlated with PPA levels, ruling out the role of substrate availability in differential cecal PPA levels. To examine the relative contribution of Fld and PAL pathways to PPA production in the mouse cecum, d8‐L‐Phe was incubated with mouse cecal bacteria, and the levels of d6‐ and d7‐PPA (products of Fld and PAL pathways, respectively) was measured using LC‐MS/MS. As a control, C. sporogenes wild‐type and a mutant strain of fldC (encoding an essential subunit within the Fld pathway) were included. Significantly impaired production of d6‐labeled PPA was observed in C. sporogenes fldC mutant as expected. The majority of PPA produced from mouse cecal bacteria corresponded to d6‐PPA, indicating that Fld pathway is mainly responsible for PPA production under our test conditions. Interestingly, none of the previously reported fldC genes was detected in the mouse cecum by semi‐quantitative PCR, suggesting the presence of gut bacteria harboring as‐yet‐unidentified Fld pathway in mouse cecum. Altogether, we demonstrated the Fld pathway as the major gut bacterial pathway that metabolizes L‐Phe to PPA, a gut bacterial metabolite that confers protection against APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Gut bacteria harboring unknown Fld pathways for PPA production and the role of Fld pathway in PPA cecal levels in vivo remain to be investigated.


High density and low impact strength of traditional wood/plastic composites(WPC) present some barriers for their application in building construction.To reduce the density of WPC,the authors added a foam beater in the mixture of wheat straw and polyethylene(PE) before extrusion moulding.The effects of the wheat straw content,foam beater content,and wheat straw size on the composite performance were evaluated and presented in this study.The optimized parameters to make a low density straw and polyethylene composite were: the content ratio of polyethylene to wheat straw flour and the foam beater was 100∶30∶2,with the wheat straw flour 80~120 mesh size.


The relationships between teachers' scientific and methodological skills in their performance has intrigued the author of this research recently. Results of data analyzed show that the relationship between teachers' scientific and methodological skills is a significant and important one. Teachers that show high results on scientific skills may show high results on methodological skills as well. Influence of scientific skills independent variable on the variance of methodological skills dependent variable is fewer than the median, but the correlation between two variables is linear positive.


Abstract In positive-ion fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, when oligosaccharides are mixed with an appropriate amount of NH4Cl, a highly abundant [M+NH4]+ peak appears in FAB mass spectra. From the adduct ion [M+NH4]+, the molecular weights of oligosaccharides can be determined definitively. This technique may especially be applied to analyze the mixture of oligosaccharides.


From the perspective of general system theory, the author analyzes in volleyball match and training, the interaction and dynamic equilibrium between physical power and technical ability, skill and strategy, attack and defensive, individuals and team, the coach and the player, as well as training course and effect. At the same time, the author comes up with different views, in terms of traditional concept about volleyball. The conclusion is the systematic comprehensive analytic approach should be regarded as a vital way of thinking about guiding volleyball practice.


One of the major methods used to resolve spectral data by self-modeling techniques requires the presence of pure variables. A pure variable is a variable that has an intensity contribution from only one of the components in the data set. For spectral data obtained in the near-infrared (near-IR) region (ca. 1-25μm), pure variables are often not avaliable, due to the width of the spectral peaks and the presence of a baseline


In this mixed-methods study, we investigated how doctoral students used asynchronous online discussions that were added to a face-to-face research methods course. We focused specifically on what sociocognitive tools the students used and what they thought about the value of the online discussions for their learning. Our data included three online whole-class discussions from the course and students' self-evaluations, which they completed three times during the semester. Our findings support the usefulness of online discussions in providing a site where students could draw on a rich repertoire of tools and strategies as well as on the knowledge of others to enhance their thinking and understanding of theory and research.


This essay begins and ends, as does the long eighteenth century, in two moments when the corpses of famous men, those of Oliver Cromwell and John Milton, are made spectacular and their body parts are collected. (1) Subsequent circulation of these parts and the narratives that accompany them progressively revise the meaning given to the parts and, by synecdochic association, to the lives that played key roles in the Interregnum. On January 30, 1661, as part of the newly restored state's display of power, the bodies of three already deceased regicides--those of Cromwell, John Bradshaw, and Henry Ireton--were exhumed and ritually punished by hanging at Tyburn. At the end of the day, after the heads were chopped off by a common executioner, the bodies were thrown into a common grave at the foot of the scaffold. Speared upon pikes on top of Westminster Hall, the heads were a grisly reminder of the failed Interregnum. Of course, a common fate for those convicted of treason or other heinous crimes against the state involved a display of dismembered body parts. What makes the business of Cromwell's display especially intriguing, however, is how the head moved about England long after its body had been laid to an ignominious rest. First held privately as a family relic and then exhibited publicly as a curiosity, the head continued to circulate until the mid-twentieth century, when it was finally buried in Cambridge. As a relic of abjection that can't be openly worshipped or vilified, this gruesome body part established an uncanny presence, an embalmed trace of the Interregnum that won't rest in peace, and one that came to support eighteenth-and nineteenth-century republican values. In 1790, another set of traces of the Interregnum began circulating in the form of secular relics, created when a body purported to be Milton's was found in St. Giles' Church. The discovery created a sensation and profits for those who controlled access to it. When the coffin was finally resealed several days after its discovery, most of the hair had been removed from the head, as were the teeth, part of the jaw, and one hand. Some were outraged that the great English poet had been so treated; others were only too happy to have relics from a body deemed so potent, albeit in a vague, secular way. William Cowper, at the time of the exhumation and fragmentation of the body, wrote an indignant poem about implications for literary fame. Ironically, those who seized the body parts, as well as those who protested against such action, placed Miltonic fragments within a celebration of relics. Such placement suggests a granting of power in two ways: only implicitly to a "saint" of the Interregnum, but explicitly to on e of an English literary pantheon. This essay formulates what we can call "corpse theory," a method of interpreting the nexus of meanings bestowed upon human remains. From the incidents surrounding Cromwell's head and Milton's hair, the following four observations can be extrapolated, applicable to most corpses and their body parts. First, a corpse's status as an object is ambivalent: it exists simultaneously and uncannily as both human and as gross matter, as both itself and as an unsettling image of the once living entity. As such, corpses always act as fetishes, perhaps in the Freudian sense, but certainly in an anthropological sense of an apparently lifeless object that carries mystical power. Even without significance established in a culture of relics, a corpse is always ambivalent, somehow still human and yet not able to maintain a fully human status. It is not a person but something that has a disquieting resemblance to a person. Although Maurice Blanchot uses the corpse as a metaphor for the doubled and regressive nature of literary r epresentation, his description serves well to define the unsettling nature of the dead body. "The cadaver is its own image. It no longer entertains any relation with this world, where it still appears, except that of an image, an obscure possibility. …


The violence against women, bases in the inequity of opportunities in every social stratum. According to national surveys, women and girls are considered a vulnerable population due to the inequalities in access to essential services such as education, economic independence and technology. Currently, governments show interest to address this problem and provide parity of opportunities to contribute to the development of society. Therefore, several social studies analysed the situation of women and their impact on welfare indicators regarding the development of the population, in this context, some techniques propose solutions through Data Mining to measure and recognise possible discrimination and violence. The thesis work intends to develop data mining models to identified discrimination mainly towards women and girls, taking into account the environmental factors such as individual, community, social and institutions.


The development of the table grapes market is directly related to the renewal of the assort-ment and technological modernization of pro-duction, taking into account the growing re-quirements of consumers. Equally important is the discrepancy between the tastes of con-sumers of fresh grapes and the quality indica-tors of the grapes supplied by the industry, therefore, an important task is to improve the assortment. Recently, a large number of pri-vate breeders have joined the breeding work on the breeding of table varieties, the results of whose work often have no scientific as-sessment. The article presents the results of a variety study of five selected promising table hybrid forms of grapes obtained by amateur winegrowers. Variety studies were conducted in 2018–2020 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific In-stitution «FRARC». The methods used for the assessment were generally accepted in vit-iculture. Vineyards grafted, covering, non-irrigated, planting scheme 3×1.5 m. The agro-biological characteristics are given, the yield is estimated, the uvological, tasting and eco-nomic assessment of hybrid forms is given. The studied varieties have desirable character-istics: high quality, attractive appearance, large and very large bunches and berries, dense pulp consistency, different tastes, bright color of berries.


Abstract Parallels of Zipf's law of brevity, the tendency of more frequent words to be shorter, have been found in bottlenose dolphins and Formosan macaques. Although these findings suggest that behavioral repertoires are shaped by a general principle of compression, common marmosets and golden-backed uakaris do not exhibit the law. However, we argue that the law may be impossible or difficult to detect statistically in a given species if the repertoire is too small, a problem that could be affecting golden backed uakaris, and show that the law is present in a subset of the repertoire of common marmosets. We suggest that the visibility of the law will depend on the subset of the repertoire under consideration or the repertoire size.


Operating experience gained from tests shows that flow distribution effects can severely affect the thermal performance of high effectiveness, low pressure drop sodium heat exchangers. It has been shown that design efforts for such devices must include proper consideration of potential causes of flow maldistribution within the tube bundle. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that fairly simple design features can be capable of eliminating detrimental flow fields in the tube bundle.


Abstract In proving existence of solutions to the Wigner-Poisson (WP) system1,2,3 and, indeed, to many systems of partial differential equations, conservation laws are often used to prove that a local solution does not blow up in a finite time interval, and hence is a global-in-time solution. For the (WP) system, one proves1,2 a relevant conservation principle referred to as "energy conservation" which takes the form1,2,3


UML is a united modeling language which is used extensively. There are so many restrictions between models,so models' discordance is unavoidable. But checking consistency is too hard to finish only by manual work. A mechanism is required to do this work. Then,the thought of using database to solve this problem is brought forward. It carried out checking consistency on a certain extent. It is good for further research.


European banking markets have become increasingly integrated in recent years, but barriers to full integration, especially in retail banking, still remain. This paper covers a gap in the literature by providing a first insight into the process of financial integration in the European Union (EU) in terms of convergence in the speed of adjustment of cost inefficiency to equilibrium level. We employ a quadratic loss function specification based on forward-looking rational expectations to model the underlying dynamics of efficiency scores in the banking industry of the EU-15 region over the period 1998-2005. Results show that there is considerable variation in the speed of adjustment across banking systems, while over time it also appears that continuing efforts to advance financial integration have not as yet led to an improvement in the speed of adjustment to the long run equilibrium.


Summary Backhousia myrtifolia is a species native to Australia that shows potential as a cut flower crop. During Spring and Summer, it bears numerous small florets with prominent white sepals and glossy deep-green foliage. B. myrtifolia is harvested either when tight white buds are present in the centre of the star-shaped sepals, or following bud burst, after the petals and stamens have abscised to leave only the sepals.Wilting and brown-to-black discolouration of the flowers and foliage can markedly reduce stem quality. Several forms of discolouration were characterised over the 2004 – 2006 flowering seasons and were collectively termed 'post-harvest browning syndrome'. Further research based on the symptomatology described herein is required to elucidate the causal agent(s).


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a psychoeducational program on the quality of life of informal caregivers of Glioblastoma patients. METHOD: Twenty informal caregivers (test group) were evaluated before and after attending four sessions of psychoeducation and compared to a group of 10 caregivers (control group), who did not attend the sessions, but were also evaluated in two different equivalent time points. The quality of life was evaluated by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization, which was applied by the same interviewer to all the participants. At the end of the study, a blinded interviewer who had no previous contact with the participants applied the tool again to check for any interference bias. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for consistent evaluation, Student's t-test for parametric, and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The questionnaire was shown to be a consistent tool to evaluate quality of life. The test group showed significant improvement in the quality of life, especially in the psychological domain. The control group presented deterioration in all WHOQOL-BREF domains. CONCLUSIONS: The psychoeducational program improved the quality of life of caregivers of Glioblastoma patients, and revealed to be a valuable support program to be implemented in the treatment of this type of cancer.


The last decade witnessed wide-spread of internet and on-line gaming. Improving the broadband limitations is considered one of the most important factors that led to this extent. The recently huge usage of internet applications and games also led to grow up more the usage of handhelds and smart phones as well. This improvement of internet speed with the limitations of the smart end devices led to rely more on processing games away from these limited devices to robust processing centers in a technique so-called Cloud Gaming. The growth of players number and game content request new ideas of bit rate reduction of the streaming video of these on-line games. In this paper, a new technique has been proposed to reduce the requirements needed by scene customization encoding with negligible impact on playing quality.


Every individual is the sum of numerous virtues and of some defects, which Carlyle's formula represents by x/y. There are two ways of raising the value of a common fraction: increasing the numerator or decreasing the denominator. Both these means seem at first thought to be applicable to making the human being more valuable to the world, but there are many reasons for concluding that emphasis on the first is wise and usually most successful. If the numerator representing assets of strength is small, reduction of the denominator representing liabilities of weakness to zero results in only a small integer. Nothing is valued highly merely because it has no defects. Abundant virtues make many weaknesses of such insignificance that they are ignored or condoned [p. I531.


This paper aims to find indicators that can be used to monitor Indonesia's external vulnerability as well as an early warning system of crisis. The study is conducted by evaluating a number of indicators deployed in the previous studies by using signaling method. An analysis of external vulnerability is facilitated by separating the pressure of vulnerabilities into four zones, namely normal, alert, cautious, and suspected crisis. The study obtains 12 external indicators that are then aggregated to produce a composite index of external vulnerability. The selected indicators and the composite index are well able to capture the external vulnerability. 1 Economist, Statistics Department, Bank Indonesia. Helpful comments by Riza Tyas U H, Bayu Dwi Atmanto, and Pujiastuti on a draft version are gratefully acknowledged.


The roles of anthranilate and histidine in the regulation of tryptophan synthesis were implicated by observations of antagonistic relationships with 5-methyltryptophan in Bacillus subtilis.


This technical note is on the model reduction of distributed systems formed by discrete-time, linear time-varying, heterogeneous subsystems interconnected over arbitrary directed graphs and subjected to communication latency. We give two procedures to construct a strongly stable coprime factorization for a strongly stabilizable and strongly detectable system. One of the procedures ensures the contractiveness of the resulting factorization. Then, we apply the structure-preserving balanced truncation method for distributed systems. We illustrate the proposed methods through an example.


The Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions of substituted benzene derivatives with substituted acid chlorides proceed smoothly in the presence of a catalytic amount of Envirocat EPZG, a novel supported reagent catalyst, basedon montmorillonite K 1 0 clay. This catalyst is eco-friendly, selective and reusable and hence provides a safer and a cost effective approach for large-scale production in industries. The present work involves synthesis of fifteen ketones by using fresh and reused Envirocat EPZG catalyst and a conventional catalyst for Friedel-Crafts reaction, anhyd. AlCl 3 . The yields of ketones with fresh Envirocat EPZG are always more than that obtained with anhyd. AlCl 3 . Envirocat EPZG has been reused for the number of reactions in a series, without much loss in its efficiency. Ketones having activating as well as deactivating groups on benzene ring have been synthesized in satisfactory yields.


This research investigates experimentally an effect on the Quality performances of the high flowing concrete according to binder types. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum mix proportion of the high flowing concrete having good flowability, viscosity and no-segregation. For this purpose, two types using be1ite cement + lime stone powder(LSP) and furnace slag cement + lime stone powder are selected and tested by design factors including water cement ratio, fine and coarse aggregate volume ratio.As test results of this study, the optimum mix proportion for binder types is as followings. 1) One type based belite cement; water cement ratio 51%, fine aggregate volume ratio 43% and coarse aggregate volume ratio 53%, replacement ratio of LSP 42.7%. 2) Another type based slag cement; water cement ratio 41 %, fine aggregate volume ratio 47% and coarse aggregate volume ratio 53%, replacement ratio of LSP ]3.5%.


This chapter is concerned with methods for analysing the results of designed experiments. The range of experiments covered includes: 1 single factor designs with equal sized blocks such as randomised complete block and balanced incomplete block designs, and 2 complete factorial designs. Further designs may be analysed by combining the analyses provided by m ultiple calls to routines or by using general linear model routines provided in Chapter g02. 2. Background 2.1. Experimental Designs An experimental design consists of a plan for allocating a set of controlled conditions, the treatments, to subsets of the experimental material, the plots or units. Two examples are: a In an experiment to examine the eeects of diierent diets on the growth of chickens, the chickens were kept in pens and a diierent diet was fed to the birds in each pen. In this example, the pens are the units and the diierent diets are the treatments. b In an experiment to compare four materials for wear-loss, a sample from each of the materials is tested in a machine that simulates wear. The machine can take four samples at a time and a n umber of runs are made. In this experiment, the treatments are the materials and the units are the samples from the materials. In designing an experiment, the following principles are important. i Randomisation: Given the overall plan of the experiment, the nal allocation of treatments to units is performed using a suitable random allocation. This avoids the possibility o f a systematic bias in the allocation and gives a basis for the statistical analysis of the experiment. ii Replication: Each treatment should bèobserved' more than once. So, in example b, more than one sample from each material should be tested. Replication allows for an estimate of the variablity of the treatment eeect to be measured. iii Blocking: In many situations the experimental material will not be homogeneous and there may be some form of systematic variation in the experimental material. In order to reduce the eeect of systematic variation, the material can be grouped into blocks so that units within a block are similar but there is variation between blocks. For example, in an animal experiment litters may be considered as blocks; in an industrial experiment i t m a y be material from one production batch. iv Factorial designs: If more than one type of treatment is under consideration, for …


A corn silage harvester using a shredding/crushing mechanism was designed, fabricated, and tested during two
harvesting seasons with the objective of improving the feed value of corn silage. Two pairs of toothed rolls turning at different
speeds shredded whole-plant corn. Corn stalks were shredded, kernels were broken, and cobs were crushed. Average specific
energy required to shred whole-plant corn ranged from 2.5 to 5.9 kWh/Mg DM. Average specific energy for an added flail
cutter/blower ranged from 2.0 to 4.7 kWh/Mg DM for a total harvester specific energy requirement of 4.5 to 10.6 kWh/Mg
DM. Average specific energy requirements for shredding varied significantly among different roll speed treatments at a unit
roll force of 15 N/mm (front and rear), but no significant effect of roll speed configuration was found at other unit roll forces.
Packed density was lower for shredded silage than for chopped silage, but shredded and chopped samples both ensiled well
with pH values of 3.8 to 4.1 after fermentation. Particle size distributions of shredded and flail-cut samples were similar at
moisture levels of 60% and 65% w.b.; however, the 70% moisture crop was coarser. Shredding produced fewer small particles
( 9 mm) than chopping, while shredded and flail-cut samples had more small particles
and more large particles than chopped samples.


L. Hamill, S. Roberts, M. Davidson, W. L. Johnson, S. Nutt, D. C. Hofmann, Adv. Eng. Mater. 2013, 16, 85-‐ 93. DOI: 10.1002/adem.201300252 Hypervelocity Impact Phenomenon in Bulk Metallic Glasses Lee Hamill, Scott Roberts, Marc Davidson, William L. Johnson, Steven Nutt, Douglas C. Hofmann 1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 2. Keck Laboratory of Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 3. Engineering and Science Directorate, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Abstract: Collisions with debris are major cause of concern for spacecraft and satellites. Developing new materials that can combat these threats, while still providing low-density and sufficient toughness to survive launch loads, is important for future spacecraft design. In the current work, hypervelocity impacts are used to estimate the ballistic limit for bulk metallic glass and their composites and to investigate spalling behavior. The composites are shown to have excellent combinations of hardness and toughness for use as shields.


A building inscription from the fort at Ribchester (Bremetennacum) in the Pennines is preserved in the following drawing (RIB 589):


We investigated student understanding of wave behavior at a boundary in the context of pulses and periodic waves in water and in elastic media. The participants were science and engineering majors in introductory calculus-based physics. We document several conceptual and reasoning difficulties and describe the refinement and assessment of our instructional materials. The results show significant improvements in student learning of some aspects of superposition and reflection, but some reasoning patterns that yield incorrect predictions persist. Among these difficulties is the tendency to employ simple rule-based approaches in cases in which a systematic application of the superposition principle is necessary to predict the motion of points in the medium over an interval of time.


Besides the design of quadrantally symmetric linear-phase 2D FIR digital filters, a wide variety of linear-phase 2D filter designs are proposed in this paper. It is shown that there are 16 types of cases to be considered according to the symmetry/antisymmetry of 2D sequences in both directions and their filter lengths (even or odd). The corresponding types of magnitude responses are tabulated into a complete table if these 2D sequences are used to realize 2D FIR digital filters by genetic algorithm (GA) approach


The present study aims to find the developmental path of event relation construction of Thai children. Data are narratives of Thai children in various age groups: preschool, kindergarten, elementary school, and adults, retrieved from the Thai Frog Story Corpus. The findings show constructions depicting both non-relation between events and event relations consisting of sequential, temporal, and causal relations. The three event relations found occur in different age groups. Sequential and temporal relations are constructed by all age groups, while causal relation occurs only in the groups of elementary school and adults. The levels of complexity among the three event relations and cognitive development are raised as the reasons of different ages in perceiving and constructing event relations.


In the midst of direct election of public officials era (in Indonesia was marked by legislative elections/ includes regional representatives, election of president and vice president in 2004 and local elections since 1st June 2005), modern political communication relies heavily on the media to carry the political messages, mainly advertisements regarding themselves and the candidate program. The question then, when the media in Indonesia began to complement their roles, in accordance with the flow of media performance, media responsibility, media accountability, to the concept of role in the democratization of media (Media for Democracy monitor). With a starting point on these concepts, this paper tries to take some cases and the phenomenon as a discussion of earlier atempts to highlight how the media do its part in full and should be systematic.


The reaction of [Ta(NMe2)5] with the o-(2,3-dihydro-1-naphthyl)-, o-(1-naphthyl)-, and o-(inden-3-yl)phenols [HOC6H2Ar-2-But2-4,6] (Ar = C10H9 (1), C10H7 (Np; 2), C9H7 (3)) has been investigated. In all three cases initial displacement of 1 equiv of dimethylamine occurs, yielding mono(aryloxides) [(ArO)Ta(NMe2)4]. Structural studies of the o-(2,3-dihydro-1-naphthyl) and o-(1-naphthyl) compounds 4 and 5 show they both adopt geometries best described as square pyramidal with an apical dimethylamido ligand and basal aryloxide oxygen. The Ta−O−Ar angles are 162° in both compounds, with no metal interaction with the ortho substituents. Compound 4 reacts with 2,3,5,6-tetraphenylphenol to form the corresponding bis(aryloxide) 6. The intermediate o-(inden-3-yl)phenoxide [(ArO)Ta(NMe2)4] 7 thermally eliminates a further 1 equiv of HNMe2 with formation of the tris(amido) compound [Ta(OC6H2{η1-Ind}-2-But-4,6)(NMe2)3] 8. The coordination geometry about tantalum in 8 is best described as trigonal bipyramidal, with an ...


In this article,authors introduce application of cement agitating piles in soft soil foundation treatment of Zhajiasu expressway,provide some matters need attention of agitating piles such as construction techniques,quality control etc.,and simply state application effects of agitating piles.


The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ischaemic rest pain. Twenty‐four patients with peripheral vascular disease unsuitable for surgery and suffering from ischaemic rest pain were treated equally with 14 days of bed rest and intravenous naftidrofuryl and their pain analogue scores and personality structures were analysed.


In the present paper, we propose a new design flow for the analysis and the implementation of circuits on Flash-based FPGAs hardened against Single Event Effects (SEEs). The solution we developed is based on two phases: 1) an analyzer algorithm able to evaluate the propagations of SETs through logic gates; 2) a hardening algorithm able to place and route a circuit by means of optimal electrical filtering and selective guard gates insertions. The effectiveness of the proposed design flow has been evaluated by performing hardening on seven benchmark circuits and comparing the results using different implementation approaches on 130nm Flash-based technology. The obtained results have been validated against radiation-beam testing using heavy-ions and demonstrated that our solution is able to decrease the circuits sensitivity versus SEE by two orders of magnitude with a reduction of resource overhead of 83 % with respect to traditional mitigation approaches.


In 1995, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center's Aircraft Security Research and Development (R&D) Department initiated a Research Grant with Veda Incorporated to investigate aircraft avionics' response to onboard intentional electromagnetic interference (EMI). Many organizations have performed applicable research in areas similar to this goal however, several basic questions about coupling remain unanswered. This paper presents a method which was used to evaluate coupling paths and potential mitigation techniques between onboard radio frequency (RF) transmitters located inside a commercial aircraft passenger compartment and the aircraft RF receivers, cables and avionics racks.


Crude oil is the most valuable component in today's ever- demanding world. When this crude oil is spilled, there would be a potential to cause significant environmental impact posing a serious threat to aquatic and human lives. Due to this very reason there is a drastic need to recover spilled crude oil & oil spill cleanup is characterized to be one of the most challenging tasks for engineers in today's ever-growing modern world. The previous methods used for the removal of oil from the spillage sites were oil booms, dispersants, skimmers and sorbents. These techniques were very expensive and showed very low adsorption capacity. To curb this very problem one can use the gift of nature provided to mankind, the most abundantly used material on mother earth, cotton, a highly absorbent material which is able to sop up 30 times its own weight in oil. About our work: A preliminary attempt has been made by us in our laboratory to study in detail the absorption and adsorption capacity (at room temperature 22 o C), effect of salinity and reusability factor of cotton on various fractions of crude oil on Sea Water (Bay of Bengal) using various types of cotton (seeded cotton, mattress cotton, machinery/threaded cotton and clinical cotton) and readily available fuels. All the results obtained here have been recorded while performing the experiments in our laboratory and are based on our own original research. These experimental results obtained have been presented. Along with this a statistical comparison between the adsorption capacities of this latest method used for the removal of crude oil fractions to the methods previously used.


The invention relates to a method for controlling radial basis function (RBF) neural network tuned proportion integration differentiation (PID) and fuzzy immunization. A main loop adopts RBF neural network tuned PID control, and inputs of an RBF neural network comprise an error e and an output measured value yout; kp, ki and kd are obtained by calculation; after the variables are input to the PID control for carrying out calculation, a variable u1 is output; a subloop adopts fuzzy immunization control, the fuzzy immunization control adopts an error e2 output by the PID control and the variation rate as inputs, and an output is a nonlinear function f(x), and the fuzzy immunization control is used for controlling the subloop by immune calculation; and the control is applied to a serial control system so that the system hardly has overshoot in the process of transition and is more stable.


The rapid expansion of information and the high demand for timely data delivery have triggered the development of a large number of wireless information systems that enable users to access data from anywhere at anytime. These applications must face three major challenges: the limited bandwidth of wireless medium, intermittent network connectivity, and the fact that portable devices have limited CPU power, memory, and energy sources. Traditional distributed system design methods, such as the client/server-based computational model, cannot meet the aforementioned challenges very well. In contrast, a relatively new distributed system design paradigm, the mobile agent-based computation model, provides natural solutions to these problems. In this article, we will introduce the concept of mobile agent-based computing, review some examples of existing agent-based information systems, and discuss security issues that are related to them.


Objectives: To know the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in Ecuadorian postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate the correlation between serum levels of vitamin D, variables of metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus, markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density. Design, materials and methods: Epidemiological study descriptive and cross-sectional design, carried out between January 2012 November 2015. In 124 postmenopausal women, 96 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 28 without diabetes, we measured serum levels of vitamin D, glycosylated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, parathyroid hormone, ionic calcium, osteocalcin, urinary deoxypiridinoline and bone density. Premenopausal women, kidney disease, type 1 diabetes, secondary osteoporosis, and those who received treatments that affect bone metabolism, were excluded. We separate patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2 groups: group sufficiency vitamin D (>30 ng/mL) and group insufficiency vitamin D (<30 ng/mL). The latter group was subdivided into insufficiency (<30 ng/mL), deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL). An analysis of linear correlation between vitamin D and all variables was performed. Results: We found a significant reduction in serum levels of vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with the controls (p<0,034). The group of patients with diabetes mellitus had the following characteristics: age, 66 (13) years; body mass index, 28.5 (6.5); vitamin D, 20.9 (8.2) ng/mL; and parathyroid hormone, 34 (21) pg/mL; 12.5% had sufficiency and 87.5% insufficiency of vitamin D; among these, 44 had insufficiency, 36 deficiency and 4 severe deficiency. There is a significant correlation between VD, age (p=0,036) and lumbar bone density (p=0,031). We found no correlation between vitamin D and the variables of metabolic control of diabetes. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in the Ecuadorian postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.


The ultimate question to be answered in a clinical trial is "What benefit/risk has the drug caused to the patient?" To answer this question, it is critical to avoid missing data on outcome that measures benefit and risk from the beginning. This article emphasizes that when a patient discontinues the study treatment, instead of trying to impute the missing outcome values, effort should be made to follow the patient until the endpoint or the end of the trial. The information in the follow-up period can be used to describe the benefit/risk to those patients who would discontinue treatment in the actual clinical practice, while imputing values that are not observed, yet may never exist, can only answer the unrealistic question," What would have happened had the subject not discontinued?" Minimizing missing data is possible through the joint efforts of drug companies and regulatory agencies. Drug companies can improve their efforts in study design and operation, including off-treatment follow-up, prioritization of information collection, endpoint selection, and detailed documentation of reasons for missing data. Regulatory agencies can provide general guidance and convey specific comments for improvement through protocol review regarding missing data, and can ensure proper labeling language that reflects the extent of missing data and the reliability of conclusions.


The mechanical and vibration responses of 225‐pin, 324‐pin and 396‐pin PBGA (plastic ball grid array) solder joints have been determined in this study. The effects of overload environmental stress factors on the mechanical responses of the solder joints have been determined by bending and twisting experiments. The effects of shipping and functional environmental stress factors on the vibration responses of the solder joints have been determined by out‐of‐plane vibration experiments and a mathematical analysis.


..................................................................................................................................... iii Table of contents ......................................................................................................................... v List of tables ............................................................................................................................. viii List of figures ............................................................................................................................. ix List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................. xviii


The global financial system has witnessed rapid growth and substantial
structural change during the last ten years leading to globalization of financial markets.
The integration of financial markets has accentuated the rapid flow of capital across
borders as well as magnified the contagious effects of financial crisis with wide
implications for transmission of financial policies on the domestic economy and
internationally. The global financial crisis has become a major international event and has
spread to developing countries through trade linkages, a reduction of FDI and remittances,
and a collapse in commodity prices. The effect of the global financial crisis was worsened
by rising global energy prices which pushed up inflation. The global financial crisis has
evolved differently from other major crises that have hit the developing world. This paper
analyzes the economic sustainability in South East Europe against global financial crisis.


The influence of the Aranose (Arabinopyranosyl-N-methyl-N-nitrosourea), the original domestic antitumor drug, on neoangiogenesiswasstudied. Previous experiments performed on animals showed that the aranose had significant antitumor action onsolid epithelial tumors. BDF1(C57Bl/6*DBA/2) mice had been injected with epidermoid Lewis lung carcinoma. The tumor nodule had reached 500-800 mm 3by the 10 th day and mice received a single intravenous injection of the aranose of 180 mg/ml, 240 mg/ml and 360 mg/kg. Mice were devitalized on the 3 rd, 5 th and 8 th day after preparation administration; tumors were retrieved and placed in 10% formalin. Histological assessments were performed on tumor slices stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The standard immunohistochemical method with antibodies against CD31 was used for analysis of tumor microvessels on tumor slices. A single injection of the aranose to mice with intorted ewis carcinoma leaded to decrease of blood vessels quantity in the tumor tissue. The maximum decrease was seen at injection of the aranose in concentration of 360 mg/kg. The effect of blood vessels decrease was seen during 8 days after aranose administration.


A digital printer for printing on the surface of egg cake features that the egg cake is put on a rotary pallet under ink-jet print head, and said pallet can be driven to rotate under the control of a rotation mechanism which is composed of motor and gear train. Its printing method includes such steps as dividing the surface to be printed into several sectors, and printing on the sectors one by one until a complete pattern is printed on all sectors.


The status of CAD/CAM in engineering technology and its development and demand of talents were introduced,the investigation of CAD/CAM software application contest was discussed.A series of solutions to problems in technical sections of the contest such as assigning a topic and evaluation were presented.With application in contests for two consecutive times,it is profound in teaching,contests and applications of CAD/CAM.


A programming methodology for parallel applications is presented that relies on object–oriented programming techniques. This work differs in that the object–oriented techniques are applied to a shared memory multiprocessing environment. These techniques are used to implement shared data structures and processing agents. The use of a statically typed object language provided excellent execution times and speedups for multiple processing elements. A case study is presented in which the object–oriented approach is compared to Fortran, producing better performance and easier understood source code.


In this paper a class of two species predator-prey model with functional response: x=xg(x)-yφ(x),y=y(-d+eφ(x))is studied.The stability of equilibrium,the sufficient conditions of nonexistence and conditions of the existence and uniqueness of the limit cycle around the positive equilibrium of the system are discussed.


. The scholars of jurisprudence differed in addressing the problems facing the Qibla/ Kaaba. Imam Shafi'i and most of his followers require the Muslims to go to 'ain al-Ka'bah. Medium Jumhur Ulama other than Shafi'iyah for Muslims whose region is far from the Ka'bah is quite facing to jihat al-Ka'bah. While Indonesian Muslims are required to face 'ain al-Ka'bah in performing worship prayer ie to the northwest according to the position of each place, although facing to the West exactly the shalat is still valid. However, if facing to 'ain al-Ka'bah its validity will be more perfect. For that reason for the area of Indonesia mosque kiblatnya less accurate directions to be rearranged shafnya and not have to dismantle the building.


Introduction Religiosity is among the factors that determine the doctor's relationship with his addict patient and the empathy he should have. Objectives To verify whether future doctors are aware of the addictogenic power of certain substances and certain behaviors and to study their perception of different addictions according to religiosity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with interns and externs of the Sfax medical faculty, in November 2016, via an anonymous questionnaire. Results 141 students were included and 98,6% declared to be believers. The average age was 23 years. The sex ratio was 0.38. Alcoholism was the addiction most considered as a sin (87.9%), smoking 51.8%, hookah 45.4%, cannabis 78%, gambling 77.3%, internet addiction 16.3%, video game addiction 15.6%, work addiction 8.5%, and exercise addiction 5.7%. Female gender was more often correlated with perceived alcoholism, cannabis addiction, and gambling as sins (p = 0.002; p <0.001 and p = 0.043, respectively). Gambling was significantly more condemned by the participants who fasted (p <0.001). Prayer was significantly correlated with religious disapproval of addictions to tobacco, hookah, alcohol, cannabis and gambling (respectively p <0.001, p = 0.001, p <0.001 , p <0.001, p <0.001). Smoking, hookah and alcohol were significantly more perceived as sins by veiled women (respectively p = 0.011, p = 0.002, p = 0.040). Conclusions According to our study, most medical students have a religiously hostile attitude to many addictions. Improving medical training in addictology would allow them to adopt the necessary empathic attitude, without being judgmental. Disclosure No significant relationships.


This paper presents the results of tests performed on small-scale models of embankments on soft clay foundation. The clay models were prepared from 'Speswhite' kaolin powder, which was given an undrained cohesion of 14–18 kPa by consolidation under natural gravity (1g). The main and widening embankments were built in flight inside the centrifuge by using a specifically designed hopper. Seven tests were completed at 70g, with two types of embankment widening. The clay models were equipped with surface settlement, pore water pressure and horizontal displacement gauges. Each test lasted for about 10 h. The geometry of the embankments and the test procedure (preparation of the clay model, instrumentation, loading and measurements) are described in the paper. The results are then analysed and compared with classical analyses for embankments on soft soils. These analyses pointed out the importance of a precise knowledge of the detailed history of the soil models, starting from their preparation in the container...


The investigation sought the opinion of members of Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI on a performance directed by a woman. The assumption was that not being used to be directed by a woman would affect their opinion on the individual's ability and on all women conductors, i.e. if few women are invited to be guest conductors, it must mean that there are few women conductors who are good enough. A survey of 58 musicians interviewed using Alceste 4.6 statistical program revealed that musicians have stereotypes as regards women conductors and their ability to lead an orchestra. Such stereotypes are due to the small number of women who have been conducting. However, findings indicate that orchestras everywhere have much to gain from women's participation in terms of both visibility and opportunities to attract funding and sponsorships. Implications of these findings for orchestra management strategy and future investigation are also discussed. Gender & Behaviour Vol. 6 (2) 2008: pp. 1810-1826


The article is devoted to the study of the perspectives of using the roots of wild-growing plant Bunias orientalis as a plant material. An access to a wide range of organic food with high nutritional value, full of vitamins and minerals, can be valued as a fundamental component of food safety. Therefore, a deep and versatile elaboration of the raw material potential of local flora is very important, not only in scientific purposes, but also as a strategic plan to ensure food safety. More than ten thousand species of plants are found on the territory of Kazakhstan, and most of them have not been completely studied for further application. Most plants of the Cabbage (Brassicaceae) family have a high economic value and are cultivated in various countries as fodder, technical, melliferous, food and decorative resources. There are studies on the value of Sverbiga as a source of bioactive substances and the use of young shoots and leaves in the national cuisine. In the course of the study, we found that the roots of Sverbiga have a fairly good nutritional and biological value. The roots of Sverbiga contain a significant amount of carbohydrates and minerals, which makes this type of wild-growing raw material promising for further development of food products and bioactive food supplements. Studies show that in order to preserve its biological value it must be stored at the temperature of -18 °C for no more than 3 months.


The evaluation of the David and Bathsheba tapestries made when the dust was recently removed from them allowed the state of conservation of this famous hanging to be established; it revealed that the tapestries have been weakened, particularly in the upper sections. An urgent intervention was necessary in order to restrict an inevitable and rapid determination. Alain Erlande-Brandenburg. Director of the Musee National de la Renaissance, thus decided to gather the scientists, curators, conservators, restorers and engineers who have worked on the conservation of the tapestries for many years in order to consider solutionswhich could be envisaged, suitable for both the constraints of the museum and those imposed by the architecture of the château. Possibilities which have been retained for further study include the experiment carried out at the Bayerisches Museum, Munich, consisting of placing the tapestries on slightly sloping surfaces, presenting the works in rotation, and working on the linings and the environment of the tapestries. It is a question of imagining new solutions aimed at preserving these hangings of quite exceptional quality.


When a child reaches the statutory age of majority, he is emancipated by operation of law. He may vote, sign contracts, and engage in the full panoply of "adult" privileges and responsibilities. He is presumed to be independent and his parents' legal and financial obligations to him terminate. Whether he is, in fact, independent is another issue. For example, a child who is physically or mentally handicapped may remain depen dent beyond the age of majority, possibly for life. Many states impose a duty of postminority support upon parents of disabled children even after the children reach the statutory age of majority.1 This article focuses on whether it is appropriate to carve out a second exception to the general rule of automatic emancipation for adult chil dren who remain financially dependent by virtue of their status as college students.


The effect of rare earths on compressive creep behavior of an as-cast ZA27 alloy was investigated at room and high temperature in the range of 20℃~160℃ and different compressive stress in the range of 50MPa~137.5MPa with a special apparatus.Results obtained show that compressive creep deformations of ZA27—RE alloy and ZA27 alloy increased with temperature and compressive stress,and the steady creep rate of ZA27—RE alloy was lower than that of ZA27 alloy.The negative creep deformations increased after adding some rare earths to ZA27 alloy,and the ranges of temperature and stress at which the negative creep occurred extended.The steady creep rates of ZA27—RE alloy and ZA27 alloy could obeyed an empirical equation e ' s=Aσ nexp(-Q a/RT).Compared with ZA27 alloy,the average exponent n and the average appearance activation energy Q a of ZA27—RE alloy were greater.However,materials constant A of ZA27—RE alloy and ZA27 alloy was 4.82×10 -5 and 0.002,respectively.It was considered that the steady creep rates in both ZA27—RE and ZA27 were controlled by lattice diffusion in Zinc and by a dislocation limb.


In the current study, dynamic strain ageing (DSA) phenomena in 316L austenitic stainless steel was investigated under as-received and as-welded conditions. A tensile test was carried out on as-received and as-welded samples for the temperatures of 25–800 °C at a strain rate of 1 × 10−3 s−1. Microstructure and fracture surfaces were investigated by optic and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). 316L austenitic stainless steel showed different DSA behavior under as-received and as-welded conditions, which are discussed in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties.


According to most crystal growth theories, the "as grown" crystal morphology is dominated by the slow-growing faces and the fast-growing faces may "grow out" and not be represented in the final crystal habit. In this paper a brief survey is given of the recently developed correlation between the evolution of both fast- and slow-growing surfaces, their relative growth rates, and thee crystallographic structure of crystal. It is shown that even the fast-growing faces may increase their sizes. On the other hand, the slow-growing faces may decrease and, in consequence, disappear from crystal morphology. Such a behaviour of slow- and fast-growing surfaces influences the growth and evolution of both low- and high-index faces.


The goal of this study was to investigate changes in body temperature as indicators for the emotional dimension of power during driving. Therefore a driving simulator experiment with 18 participants was conducted, in which two emotions with different characteristics in the dimension of power (fear with low power, and frustration with high power) were induced using events in the driving scenarios. Changes in finger temperature, which was supposed to represent emotional dimension of power, increased significantly (t (17) = 1.8, p < .05*, Cohen's d = 0.6) more after frustration events than after fear. In contrast, there was no difference in skin conductance level, which indicates emotional arousal, between fear and frustration. Additionally, a preliminary analysis of face temperature points in the direction of the finger temperature. Together, the results of this study suggest that body temperature as an indicator for the emotional dimension of power can help to discriminate between fear and frustration and thus aid reliable in-vehicle emotion recognition.


PART I. To gynrecologlsts,it is unnecessa rv to セエ イャGセs the importanceof the cervical endometriumas an area for harbouringinfective processesor for the growth of malignantdisease;still, the pathologyand treatment of the affections of this region were until recently as little appreciated as appendicitis or ectopic gestation half a century ago. Our predecessorsdescribed in detail cervical erosion and cervical catarrh, but did not understandthe pathology of these conditions and entirely failed to appreciatetheir infective nature. To-day we know that they are nothing more than chronic inflammatoryprocesses, causedby the gonococcus,streptococcus,bacilltts coli commumi«,01' some other pathogenic organism and at times contributed to by trauma suffered during childbirth or instrumental interference. In olden times the laceration was consideredthe important lesion, but we now know that the dominating factor is the infection and not the tear. The latter is merely the path of entrance for infection which might extend until the whole of the surroundingtissuesare involved.


TO THEEDITOR:WereadwithgreatinterestthereportbyDikken etal 1 ontheroleofpostoperativechemoradiotherapy(CRT)ingastric cancer.Inthisretrospectivestudy,theauthorscomparedtheoutcome of patients treated with surgery only with that of patients treated with surgeryandadjuvantCRT.Althoughastatisticallysignificantdecrease in the rate of 2-year local recurrence was found in the CRT group (5% v17%), this difference did not translate into a significant benefit in progression-free survival or overall survival (OS). These disappointing results were confirmed in the subgroup analysis, in which— despite a better local control—no survival advantage could be detected for patients with CRT compared with patients who received surgery only, according to the extent of lymph node dissection (D1 v D2)andMaruyamaIndex.Onlythepresenceofmicroscopicresidual diseaseaftersurgerywasfoundtobeapredictorofsurvivaladvantage in CRT, with the significant decrease in rate of local recurrence observed in R1 patients translating into significant improvement in 2-year OS (66% v 29%). Although this study raises the controversial issue of the optimal strategy to use in resectable gastric cancer, we think that it has some important conceptual and methodologic limits that affect its appeal and strength. Thesignificantimprovementinprogression-freesurvivalandOS in resectable gastric cancer deriving from the addition of a multimodalitystrategy,includingpostoperativeCRTandperioperativechemo