There are two problems proposed in this paper, i.e. about (1) the transitivity systems elements that characterize English for SMK 1 Textbook for Grade X, and (2) the relevance of transitivity elements (Process and Circumstance) with the English teaching and learning processes. By using the theory of SFL, it can be described (as qualitative descriptive method of research), that in all Units of reading texts in the English textbook there were 238 clauses selected methodologically to be analyzed. In these clauses, all Process Types can be found with varieties of the usage. It is found that in all units of reading texts, Material Process types was the dominant type used, i.e. (48.6%), followed by Relational Process type (27,2%), Mental Process (18.6%) Verbal Process type 8,4%, and Behavioral and Existentional 7.0% each respectively. Related to the circumstance, the dominant one is Circumstance of Location (Time and Place = 37.7%). For the participant, it is related to the process exists in the text, i.e. Actor for Participant 1 and Goal for Paticipant 2.Keyword: Transitivity Systems Analysis, Textbook, Vocational High School


Optical pressure indicating device movable with a mechanically along a display path (1) Pointer (2), the applied according to a way of a pressure port (4) the control pressure (p) is adjustable such to the absolute pressure gauge, that a slow pressure change (an at least in sections, rapid change of position of the pointer 2) brings about, with a piston control valve arrangement is provided (for rapid change of position of the pointer 2), which actuating piston a (with the pointer 2) mechanically coupled (6), which (to the analog rapid change of position after opening of an associated ventilation valve 7) from reaching a defined switching control pressure (p


Glycated albumin in human serum was analyzed by solid-phase extraction and selective detection. One system with one solid-phase extraction column and a chemiluminescence detector facilitated rapid analysis. A second system with two solid-phase extraction columns and a fluorescence detector was a fast and stable analytical method compared to liquid chromatographic analysis. Both analytical systems were suitable for diagnostic analysis of glycated human serum albumin. These systems require 1 μL blood serum for analysis.


When, therefore, you feel compelled to resort to the more sweeping measure of total ablation of the penis, I think the consideration of the patient's condition in the future, should he recover from the operation, should be laid fully before him, should be carefully explained to him beforehand, and, shouldl he determine to submit to the removal of the testes, as well as of the penis, I should not often hesitate to make the operation complete. So long as any portion of the penis is left, this qluestion will never, of course, arise; but, when that organ is completely and entirely removed, it becomes a vory essential part of tho consideration to be placed before the patient. Pray, gentlemen, remembering what I said to you in my last lecture on the unwisdom of claiming priority in any surgical proceeding, bear in mind that I claim no precedence as to this; I derived it fromn a German source, and, whilst I find that my own countrymen are nearly as tenaciouis of their claims to priority and inventiveness as is possible, I fear our foreign colleagues are just a little more so. As concerns the next operation to which I desire to draw your attention, I might, I think with safety, be a little more venturesome in this respect, without running any very serious risk; for, without any attempt on my part to claim originality or priority in the metliod of performing perineal section or external urethrotoiliy, as you will see it performed in Leeds, niy colleagues first, and the profession generally afterwards, have done me the honour to call the operation mine, and to assign it a high rank among surgical proceedings. Certainly in our hands it has proved a very successtul one, and, I think I may say without fear of contradliction, has enabled us to find the correct and safe way into the bladder in many cases in which, by any other, it would have been impossiole to do so. I do niot clsim for it anything in the way of originality ; it has been entirely a matter of observation, and is, after all, only an imlprovement on former methodls of operating in certain points, at which, wheni I have either been myself, or have seen others, met by unusual difficulty, I have set myself to think how those difficulties might best be overcome. It happened to me, in my early days, to see so many mishaps in attempting to reach the bladder from the perinaurm without any actual guide, that I resolved, if possible, to find or to invent some better method than the old operation. But perhaps I had better describe that to you first, thel the earliest modifications of it that I saw, and, lastly, iny own operation, as the result of my observations. Given a case of stricture which, by reason of long, continued neglect has at last become practically impervious, or, so nearly so that, though a fine catgut or whalebone bougie may sometimes, and at others may not, be capable of being passed through it, the patient's life is endangered by the mischief arising from backward pressure upon the bladder, the ureters, and the kidneys. It Iss manifestly become necesary that the stricture must, in some way, be overcome if your patient is to be saved. Already his life is rendered burdensome, for day aud night alike he is answering repeated calls to micturate ; and, on very trifling provocation, a little indulgence at table, a little imprudence in exercise, a trifling exposure to col(d and damp, complete retention comnes on. This, so long as a catheter cannot be passed, involves hours of agonisinsg suffering, and can only be temporarily relieved by long continued medical and topical treatment, hot baths, antimony, opium, and so on, and, even with the aid of these means, is only too likely to be followed by such irritation around the stricture as will end in the formation of local abscesses, and, in pro. cess of time, by fistule with which the perinieum eventuially comes to be riddled. Such, then, is the case to which you may at any time be called, and for the relief of which you ought to be prepared to act; and I will endeavour to show you how I am able, notwithstanding all difficulties, as a rule, to reach the bladder along the true track of the urethra, an( with safety. In the old operation, the knife, guided by tho forefinger in the rectum, was passed steadily onward from the surface until it entered the urethra somewhere in the neighbourhood of the prostate ; and, once relief was afforded to the distended bladder, and the risk of extravasation was avoided, the surgeon was content, and the stricture was henceforward disregarded. trUpon this procedure, Mr. Cock, of Guy's Hospital, was the first, I believe, to introduce a great element of precision. Having ascertained two pathological facts-(1) that the portion of the urethra which lies immediately in front of the apex of the prostate is never stricturod, and (2) that it is usually dilated-he made it a sine qztd non, in operating, that this point should first of all be clearly defined by the forefinger of the left hand in the rectum; next, that the knife, entered half an inch in front of the anus, should be plunged deeply into the perineum, and be then carried steadily and unflinchingly onward until it was felt by the left forefinger to have penetrated the urethra at that point. then, the knife being withdrawn, it was followed by a catheter to the same spot, which catheter was then passed through the prostate into the bladder, and there retained. Retention having been thus relieved, and the danger of extravasation prevented, he would, as circumstances seemed to dictate, either rest content with having effected so much, or would make a further attempt to divide the stricture also, attacking that from behind, and makinig the healthy but dilated portion of the tube, which he had already found and opened, his now starting-point. You will see at once how much more likely it i8 that a tine probe will follow even a tortuous urethra in the natural line of outflow than in oppositioIn to it; and by this maneuvre Mr. Cock was, I believe, almost invariably able to succeed in accurately incising the stricture, as well as in relieving the distended bladder. But it is not given to all men to possess the hands of MIr. Cock, and skill such as he possessed is only attainable by few ; and hence, notwithstanding his almost invariable success, some simpler and more attainable method for the many remained a desideratum. (To be continued.)


Axenic workshop of animal powdery agent was a site where animal powdery agent was produced with axenic distribution.The poor equipment and incorrect management of some factories affected the quality of products for a long time.With the construction of GMP,the hardware of workshop was being improved increasingly.This article summarised the different aspects of GMP construction of axenic workshop in animal powdery agent and put forward some suggestions.


In chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (CMPGN) the activation of the complement system through the C3-bypass mechanism plays an important role. The clearance of the complement components and of the C3-proactivator (C3-PA) have been determined in 22 patients. Haemolytically active C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 and C3-PA could be detected in the urine for the first time. The clearances of the complement components do not correlate with the clearances of other serum proteins with similar molecular weights and may reflect the immunologic process in the kidney. To determine the selectivity of a proteinuria the quotient clearance C8/clearance C9 is as reliable as the quotient clearance IgG/clearance transferrin, as introduced by Cameron and Blandford. The specificity of the single complement components in the urine were tested by specific complement inhibitors such as hydrazine, KSCN, Antrypol, EDTA and the C4-inactivating factor.


The decay of wing-tip vortices under the Influence of turbulence in a stably stratified atmosphere is discussed by means of large-eddy simulations. The vortices originate from a B-747 aircraft in cruise. Atmospheric turbulence and turbulence originating from the boundary layer around the aircraft are distinguished. The former is weak and anisotropic with eddy sizes in the order of the wing span, whereas the latter is wrapped around the vortices with the maximum intensity at the core diameter. During their descent, the parallel vortex tubes approach each other because stratification and turbulence detrain mass into the ambient air. The atmospheric eddies deform the trailing vortices such that their spacing varies. This, in turn, yields different mutually induced velocities that amplify the deformation quickly according to Crow's instability theorem. The bent vortex tubes link after about 1.5 min and form rings. The continuous trail of turbine exhaust is reorganized in a row of single puffs


J 50 years ago this November, Walter Kohn and Pierre Hohenberg published their theorem that laid the foundation of density functional theory, DFT. However, it is only some two decades ago that the introduction of modern gradient and hybrid density functionals brought DFT into general use by the chemistry community. From a practical standpoint, this advance occurred when the Pople group introduced these functionals and a robust, generally usable form of DFT into the Gaussian program in the mid-1990s. From that time on, the chemistry community became increasingly exposed to electronic-structure calculations based on Kohn−Sham density functional theory in addition to wave function and postHartree−Fock methodologies. These developments were in part responsible for the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry being awarded to a mathematical chemist, John Pople, and to a theoretical physicist, Walter Kohn. The Prize also indirectly celebrated all those scientists memorialized in our modern acronyms for density functionals, like BLYP, PBE, and many others. (For a recent perspective on the development of DFT, please see the recent article of Axel Becke in the Journal of Chemical Physics). The use of DFT is now ubiquitous in the field of chemistry. There is not a current issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society or other major chemistry journals without a number of articles in which DFT is exploited in a key or supporting role. This success is due largely to the computational efficiency of DFT and its explicit consideration of a great part of the electron correlation effects that are neglected by Hartree−Fock methods. A myriad of new codes is now routinely exploited in chemistry and chemical engineering departments, such as VASP, Turbomole, DMol, and ADF, to cite but a few. The application of DFT to chemistry has meant the consideration of molecular systems, clusters, and materials in which the electron density varies widely and that interact noncovalently by, for instance, dispersion forces or hydrogen bonds. This has led, and continues to lead, to many efforts to improve density functionals, improvements that are meant to culminate in the holy grail of DFT: the development of the exact exchange-correlation potential. Where DFT has definitely had a major impact is materials chemistry, and the subject featured in this Special Issue of Accounts of Chemical Research focuses on the "DFT Elucidation of Materials Properties". This is the first Special Issue of the journal where density functional theory plays the central role, and it is commemorated by the cover displaying Fang Liu's conception of the surfaces and clusters described here, along with the imaginative vision of ρ, the symbol of electron density upon which DFT is based, coalescing from small particles. The Accounts included in the issue cover a wide range of topics, broadly devoted to the following: • methodological aspects related to the description of dispersion interactions, interactions beyond van der Waals forces, or interactions between organic and inorganic components • applications to spectroscopic, ferroelectric, charge, and spin transport or nonlinear optical properties of materials • crystal-structure prediction • chemical-engineering screening • evaluation of organic (π-conjugated oligomers, graphene, fullerenes), inorganic (oxides, metals, intermetallic compounds), and hybrid organic−inorganic materials • surfaces and interfaces


Organic-acid salt removes unwanted calcium without weakening asbestos. Asbestos mixed with disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (disodium EDTA) in water and agitated for 2 hours. After disodium EDTA solution is drained away, asbestos contains only 0.02 to 0.1 percent calcium. Fiber structure of asbestos unaffected.


The title compound, C9H14NO+Br−·2H2O, comprises 1-ethyl-2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxypyridinium cations and bromide anions, with two solvent water molecules per formula unit. In the crystal structure, the anions, cations and water molecules are linked via intermolecular O—H⋯Br and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the (100) plane.


This paper studies and analyzes the influence of micro-meteorological disasters on power system, points out the main problems in the establishment of power micro-meteorological monitoring and early warning system, puts forward the system architecture of power micro-meteorological monitoring and early warning system, which provides a reference for the establishment of power micro-meteorological monitoring and early warning system.


Look at the covers of the brochures in any travel agency and you will see the various ways in which countries present themselves on the world's mental map. Singapore has a smiling beautiful face offering us tasty appetizers on an airplane whereas Ireland is a windy island full of freckled red-haired girls. In this way Ireland and Singapore are no longer merely countries one finds in an atlas. They have become 'brand states' with geographical and political settings that seem trivial compared to their emotional resonance among an increasingly global audience of consumers. In today's world of information overload, strong brands are important in attracting foreign direct investment, recruiting the best and brightest and wielding political influence.


Saturable reactor starter uses back electromotive force /emf/ generated by large motors /18,650 to 596,800 watts/ to limit and control the starting current.


LONG SPACING CLAY MINERAL FROM THE UKU MINE, YAMAGUCHI PREFECTURE , JAPAN* TAKESHI MITSUDA Department of Geology and Mineralogy , Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University ABSTRACT A white powdery clay mineral with 28 .8A. spacing was found in the kaolinite vein of the Uku mine, Yamaguchi Prefecture . The interplaner spacings of stronger X-ray powder diffraction lines of the mineral are as follows: 28.8•}0 .1, 14.5•}0.1, 4.82•}0.02 and 1.4893•}0.0005A.. The 14.5A. line shifts to 15.4•}0.2A. and the 28.8A. line to 31.0•}0.5A. after treatment with ethylene glycol. The


Compared to convection heating, microwave activation increases product yields at the same reaction time and simplifies product isolation due to reduced for formation.


Objective:To explore the effect of three-channel double-balloon catheter combined with octreotide on esophageal variceal bleeding.Methods:Retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 27 cases treated by three-channel double-balloon catheter combined with intravenous injection of octreotide.Results:27 cases had hemostasis in 3 days after operation,while 3 cases had recurrence in 3 days and had been under control after reintubation.Conclusion:Three-channel double-balloon catheter combined with octreotide is effective in treating esophageal variceal and can promote hemostasis.


Introduction: Steroid 5-alpha reductase deficiency (5α-R2D) is a rare condition caused by genetic variants that reduce the activity of the enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. The clinical spectrum of 5α-R2D is known to overlap with other 46,XY differences of sex development (DSD) such as androgen insensitivity or gonadal dysgenesis. However, the clinical trajectories of the aetiologies can differ, with 5α-R2D presenting its own challenges. Methods: In this study, we have collated clinical information for five individuals with variants in SRD5A2 identified using research genetic testing in an Australian paediatric setting. Results: We describe how a genetic finding resolved or confirmed a diagnosis for these individuals and how it guided clinical management and family counselling. Conclusion: This work highlights the importance of early genetic testing in children born with 46,XY DSD where it complements traditional first-line testing.


We apply discoveries in nanoscience towards applications relevant to health, environment, security, and connectedness. A materials fundamental to our research is the quantum dot. Each quantum dot is a particle of semiconductor only a few nanometers in diameter. These semiconductor nanoparticles confine electrons to within their characteristic wavelength. Thus, just as changing the length of a guitar string changes the frequency of sound produced, so too does changing the size of a quantum dot alter the frequency - hence energy - the electron can adopt. As a result, quantum dots are tunable matter (Fig. 2). We work with colloidal quantum dots, nanoparticles produced in, and processed from, solution. They can be coated onto nearly anything - a semiconductor substrate, a window, a wall, fabric. Compared to epitaxially-grown semiconductors used to make optical detectors, lasers, and modulators, they are cheap, safe to work with, and easy to produce. Much of our work with quantum dots involves infrared light - its measurement, production, modulation, and harnessing. While there exists an abundance of work in colloidal quantum dots active in the visible, there are fewer results in the infrared. The wavelengths between 1000 and 2000 nm are nonetheless of great practical importance: half of the sun's power reaching the earth lies in this wavelength range; 'biological windows' in which tissue is relatively transparent and does not emit background light (autofluorescence) exist in the infrared; fiber-optic networks operate at 1.3 and 1.5 um.


This book guides lay readers through the complexities of the British, European, and US patent systems. It is a complete revision of the author's 1982 book Patents for Chemists , and has been updated, particularly with respect to changes in US law. There are three new chapters on the patenting of pharmaceuticals and biotechnological inventions, reflecting the recent developments in these fields.


Widespread availability of minicomputers in the scientific laboratory has become a reality in recent years. With the price and size reductions which have taken place, it is now practical to use these machines as routine tools in the laboratory environment. However, in order to effectively implement this new research tool the scientist has had to learn its limitations as well as its capabilities. It is well-known by computer scientists that, in general, the trade-off made by programmers is memory size vs. speed of execution. In other words, the more memory the programmer has available, the faster running program he may write and, conversely, the less memory he has, the slower will be the execution times. While there are a great many qualifications to this broad generalization, it still represents a recognizable truth.


To introduce an accurate, rapid, and practical method for active B1 field mapping based on the double‐angle method (DAM) in the steady‐state (SS) signal regime.


Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are relatively rare and sometimes become life threatening. In particular, rapidly progressive ILD, which frequently presents as acute lung injury (ALI) on lung histopathology, shows poor prognosis if proper and immediate treatments are not initiated. These devastating conditions include acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF), clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM), epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI)-induced lung injury, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this review, clinical information, physical findings, laboratory examinations, and findings on lung high-resolution computed tomography and lung histopathology are presented, focusing on majorly damaged cells in each disease. Furthermore, treatments that should be immediately initiated in clinical practice for each disease are illustrated to save patients with these diseases.


Abstract : This 3-arm randomized controlled trial evaluates the efficacy of a CD-ROM based multimedia prostate cancer education system (PIES). PIES is an educational software that provides patients with information about prostate cancer and its treatment through an intuitive interface, using video, animation, text, and voice-over text. All text is tailored to a person's information seeking preference. Participants (N = 312) are patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who will be randomized into three experimental conditions: a) Standard care, involving the provision of standard NCI print material about prostate cancer, Group 1; b) PIES software without tailoring component, Group 2; c) and PIES software with tailoring component, Group 3. Assessments will be taken prior to exploring the software/brochures, immediately after completing the software/brochure, and 6-weeks post baseline. The study design allows for the evaluation of the efficacy of the multimedia intervention against traditional care; the influence of tailoring versus not tailoring information within a multimedia context; and for an evaluation of the moderating effect of monitoring on the efficacy of the groups.


Abstract : We are developing a system that will be useful for targeting therapeutic retroviral vectors specifically to prostate cancer cells using novel retroviral receptor-ligand bridge proteins that bind to specific cell surface ligand receptors. Using bridge proteins comprised of the TVA or TVB receptors (for subgroups A or B avian leukosis viruses (ALV), respectively), fused to human epidermal growth factor (EGF), viral targeting was achieved by preloading the bridge proteins onto cell surface EGF receptors or virions. In addition, we have demonstrated increased levels of viral vector targeting by incorporating selected amino acid substitutions into TVA-EGF. We have also generated a bridge protein comprised of TVA fused to neuregulin (NRG) which binds specifically to cell surface NRG receptors. These receptors are often up-regulated on prostate cancer cells and thus represent an attractive target for this method of therapeutic gene delivery. We have also shown that it is possible to target retroviral infection through the use of a bridge protein comprised of TVA fused to a single chain antibody specific for a mutant form of the EGF receptor that is found exclusively on cancer cell types. Thus, this appears to be a highly versatile and general viral targeting approach.


Abstract The paper is devoted to the study of the integral transform containing the special function a((a, â) n ;z) generalizing the Mittag‐Leffler type function in the space £v,r (1 ≤ r ≤ 8, i ∈ R) of Lebesgue measurable functions on R+ = (0,+8) such that ‖ƒ‖ v,r < 8, where Mapping properties such as the boundedness, the range, the representation and the inversion of the considered transform are proved. The results are based on the representation of the considered transform as the H‐transform.


Abstract Various notions of stable ranks are studied for topological algebras. Some partial answers to R. G. Swan's problem (Have two Banach or good Frechet algebras as in the density theorem in K -theory the same stable rank?) are obtained. For example, a Frechet dense ∗-subalgebra A of a C *-algebra B , closed under C *-functional calculus of self-adjoint elements, has the same Bass stable rank as B .


The invention discloses a method for constructing a regional topological relation based on a technology of Delaunay triangulated network, which puts forward a method for determining an effect fuzzy distance by a fuzzy distance of a user and a coordinating range of a polyline and an inner point which construct the regional topological relation, and puts forward key processes of implementing a treatment of fuzzy merger, an intersection of broken lines for generating a segmental arc, and establishment of a topological relation between a node and the segmental arc, key process of an island and the inner point and other constructions of the regional topological relation, based on the technology of Delaunay triangulated network. Because the invention sufficiently uses node contiguity and self-adaptability of a data structure of the Delaunay triangulated network, efficiencies of the intersection of broken lines for generating the segmental arc, a generation of the topological relation between the node and the segmental arc and the assignment processing of the island and the inner point can be greatly improved; meanwhile, because each process for constructing the regional topological relation is to maintain and operate the same Delaunay triangulated network, so that the use and management of a memory can be more convenient and efficient, and the characteristics improve the efficiency for constructing the regional topological relation.


In this paper, we firstly analyze the effect of variable weight synthesis. It is proved that the max-min decision-making model is the extreme of a class of variable weight synthesis models. Secondly, We research a class of multifactor decision making problems with variable weight theory, propose the idea of hierarchical variable weight, and establish a multifactor decision-making model based on this idea further. Finally, we discuss a real problem about selecting excellent person. The result shows that this model can satisfy the decision maker very much.


The aim of the study is to determine the preferred leadership and followership styles, as well as the statistical significance of differences between those preferences among individuals employed in both state and privately owned companies in Serbia and Macedonia. Leadership and followership are important for the efficient functioning of all organizations. Leadership and followership issues are particularly important in transition countries, such as Serbia and Macedonia, where directors general of organizations are no longer appointed politically but are leaders selected according to their capacities. Nationality and type of the organization ownership, the relation between gender and position occupied by an individual within a business organization (a manager, an employee), as well as the preferred style of leadership and followership, have been analyzed. The study was carried out on the sample of 172 participants from Serbia and Macedonia. The data were collected by means of the Personal Questionnaire for Followership Styles designed by Robert E. Kelley (1998), and Fiedler's LPC scale (Least Preferred Coworker, 1984) which was used to evaluate the preferred leadership style. The results indicate that there is no difference in the preferred leadership styles in relation to gender, nationality or positions occupied by the company employees, but there is a difference between the employees who are in the state- or in the privately-owned companies. The participants working in state owned companies prefer a permissive leadership style, i.e. relationship-oriented. The results show that most of the employees in both state- and privately-owned business organizations prefer an active followership, with statistically significant differences compared to the other followership styles. No relationship was found between gender, nationality, type of organization ownership and position occupied by the individual within a business organization, for the preferred followership style.


A unique feature of biomass energy systems is that the feedstock must be gathered from a wide area around the energy production facility. For a small-scale facility, transport costs will be relatively low, but capital cost per unit of output will be high. For a large-scale facility, b"ansport costs will be high, but capital costs will be relatively low. At some intermediate scale, the total cost of energy should reach a minimum. This paper examines the effects of scale on the prospective costs of producing electricity and alcohol fuels from plantation-grown switChgrass in the North Central and Southeast regions of the US. Site-specific biomass cost-supply cmves for the year 2000 and 2020 are developed using projections of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for switchgrass yields and costs as a function of land capability class. A geographic information system (GIS) is used to analyze soil quality distributions and road transport distances. Conversion technologies considered include one commercial electricity generating technology--the steam rankine cycle--and one nearing commercial readiness.-the gasifier/gas turbine combined cycle. Two alcohol fuels are considered: methanol via thermochemical gasification and ethanol via enzymatic hydrolysis. Both of these processes have the potential to be commercially ready early in the next century or sooner. Estimates of installed capital costs for all of these conversion systems drawn from published and other sources. In all cases. the minimum cost of elecbicity (COB.;.) or alcohol (Coy is reached at plant capacities that are larger than conventional wisdom might suggest. Up to these capacities. the rate of decrease in unit capital costs is more rapid d1an the rate of increase in biomass transportation costs. However. around the capacity corresponding to CO~ or CO~. there is a wide range over which costs change very little. In general. higher biomass yields lead to larger capacities at COE... or CO~ Costs are higher in the NC than SE region. and (in both regions) costs are lower using year-2020 biomass costs compared to year-2000 costs.


Stevens Institute of Technology has established a research laboratory environment in support of the U.S. Navy in the area of Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection. Called the Maritime Security Laboratory, or MSL, it provides the capabilities of experimental research to enable development of novel methods of threat detection in the realistic environment of the Hudson River Estuary. In MSL, this is done through a multi-modal interdisciplinary approach. In this paper, underwater acoustic measurements and video surveillance are combined. Stevens' researchers have developed a specialized prototype video system to identify, video-capture, and map surface ships in a sector of the estuary. The combination of acoustic noise with video data for different kinds of ships in Hudson River enabled estimation of sound attenuation in a wide frequency band. Also, it enabled the collection of a noise library of various ships that can be used for ship classification by passive acoustic methods. Acoustics and video can be used to determine a ship's position. This knowledge can be used for ship noise suppression in hydrophone arrays in underwater threat detection. Preliminary experimental results of position determination are presented in the paper.


The running-in wear test for materials of crankshaft journal against bearing shell of diesel engine has been conducted by a ring-on-disc tester. The running-in wear properties of crankshaft-bearing shell under different loads has been studied by the spectrum and ferrography analysis of lubricating oil. It was shown that the certain differences exist in running-in wear properties of crankshaft-bearing shell under different loads. When the test load is less than 40 N and more than 60 N, its running in wear properties were poor. When the test load in 40 N ~ 60N, its running in wear properties were best. Therefore, crankshaft-bearing shell can obtain a good running-in wear properties in the middle test load.


This paper presents a comprehensive review of microball bearing technology over the past eleven years. The design considerations and performance results of devices utilizing this type of microfabricated bearings are presented. Investigations on bearing tribology are also reported, specifically discussing the adhesion-dominated friction and wear regimes observed in rotary micromachines. As microsystem engineering progresses towards more heterogeneous and hybrid structures, microball bearing technology is expected to have a pivotal impact in broad transducing and packaging applications.


Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) controls involuntary contractions and express different genotypic and phenotypic traits on specific organs such as blood vessels, bladder and stomach. However, studies have shown different SMC lineages tend to gradually lose specific characteristics due to a static milieu without exerting forces that they would experience naturally when cultured in vitro. The research provided in vivo conditions are mimicked effectively in vitro by applying controlled mechanical loading, SMCs should express their differentiated characteristics. We have validated an innovative mechanical device that simulates the pulsatile stretching SMCs undergo in their in vivo environment. Using the new system and cell and molecular biology techniques, we are evaluating cell differentiation and strain induced alignment when phenotypically modulated SMCs undergo cyclic mechanical loading at 10 and 20 percent strains, for 4, 6, or 8 hours at physiological frequency. We collected proteins after stretch experiments and analyzed via western blot, α-actin, γ-actin, transgelin, and calponin protein expression changes in: coronary SMCs strained 10% and 20% at 4, 6, and 8 hours, bladder SMCs strained 10% at 4, 6, and 8 hours, and BAECs for varying intensities and durations. In order to improvise the machine capability, LabVIEW code is been developed as the user interface providing advantageous of Graphical Approach instead of Cool Muscle Language code. Developed coding provide a complete coverage of acquisition, analysis, reporting, and display features to create modern applications that can scale as system requirements change over time. The next phase of this experiment enable analysis of gene expression using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). This facet of research may prove valuable in the analysis of the effect of mechanical stress on maintaining SMC lineage as well as the study of how pathological stretch conditions affect SMC and endothelial cell gene and protein expressions.


This paper compares the methods of undertaking on-line electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that have been published in the literature. This paper describes the different published methodologies and sorts these into categories. This paper looks at the theoretical analysis of the circuits and control techniques and follows up with simulation and/or experimental studies of these methods. This paper focuses on battery systems.


We described a rapid and sensitive method for urinary proteins disc-electrophoresis on unconcentrated urine, by using polyacrylamide-SDS gel in discontinuous gradient. Correlation with a conventional polyacrylamide agarose slab electrophoresis on concentrated urine is good, our technique being more sensitive when proteinuria is low. It had proved to be useful for routine detection of renal failures in clinical laboratories.


The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of 6 weeks vitamin intake on exercise performance and blood fatigue factors during high-intensity rowing training in male university rowers, with the expectation that exercise performance would be improved by a combination of vitam...


The main limitations affecting visible-light and IR astronomy are related to visibility, atmospheric humidity, and spatial resolution. High-resolution imaging is fundamentally limited by optical turbulence (OT) in the atmosphere. OT is induced by dynamical turbulence developing within a stratified temperature field and depends on weather conditions. The resulting degraded telescope resolution is called 'seeing.' At the best ground-based observatories, characterized by a seeing of order 0.5 arcseconds, the resolution of a telescope with an aperture diameter of 10m is no better than 20cm (at ground level) at optical wavelengths. At the present time, when large and expensive telescope projects are increasingly becoming the norm, observatory managers rely on a proper assessment and understanding of weather conditions for optimal scheduling of scientific operations. Flexible rotas (i.e., planning optimal use of the available instrumentation) are now frequently used at the largest astronomical observatories. Site testing in preparation for new observatory developments is another important challenge. For site characterization for the European 42m (diameter) Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT)1 or the Antarctic 'Dome C' project,2 we designed the DIMM (differential image-motion monitor) and SSS (single-star scidar)3 optical monitors. Since monitoring requires the availability of specific instruments and logistics, and it is limited in place and time, we are investigating other ways to retrieve atmospheric OT conditions frommeteorological measurements or forecasts. Atmospheric conditions are defined by the speed, temperature, and composition of the constituent elements. The corresponding state of the atmosphere is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations prevalent above and around the site. For astronomical seeing prediction, one must obtain the local (microscopic) atmospheric conditions on the metric OT scale. Several models can be used, but most are computationally time Figure 1. Seeing forecasting scheme. OT: Optical turbulence. Cn2 (Cn): OT index. P.T.U.: Pressure, temperature, humidity.


IN EVALUATING LARGE NUMBERS OF TESTS IT WILL BE FOUND USEFUL TO EMPLOY MORE AND MORE THE METHOD OF CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS. WHEN SEVERAL INFLUENCING FACTORS ARE PRESENT IT WILL BE NECESSARY TO USE THE MULTIPLE CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS METHOD IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH NEAR CORRECT RELATIONSHIPS. THE LARGE AMOUNT OF CALCULATION WORK NECESSARY CAN ONLY BE JUSTIFIED WHEN IT CAN BE CARRIED OUT BY A PROGRAMMABLE ELECTRONIC CALCULATING MACHINE. BY WAY OF STATISTICAL TESTING OF THE VARIOUS PARTIAL REGRESSION COEFFICIENTS IT IS POSSIBLE DURING THE CALCULATIONS TO EVALUATE THOSE INFLUENCING FACTORS, WHICH HAVE A DECISIVE OR SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON THE REGRESSION. REGRESSION EQUATIONS ARE ESTIMATES AND THEY HAVE NO FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE STRICT MATHEMATICAL SENSE. IN ORDER TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF THE REGRESSION ANALYSIS IT IS NECESSARY THEREFORE TO EMPLOY RELATED FACTORS.


A novel architecture for active pixel sensor (APS) arrays with only two thin film transistors (TFTs) is presented, and a new driving scheme for minimizing the threshold voltage metastability problem and increasing frame rate is discussed. The fewer number of on-pixel elements, and reduced pixel complexity, results in a smaller pixel pitch and increased pixel gain, and makes the presented APS architecture promising for high resolution, high speed imaging modalities such as digital mammography tomosynthesis.


The isotopic shift in the melting curve of He has been measured between 70 and 260 K. An exponential divergence from accurate path-integral Monte Carlo calculations is observed which leads to an opposite isotopic shift above 200 K. The same measurements have also been performed in isotopic H 2 at 296 K where a reasonable agreement with theory is obtained. Tentative explanations of this puzzling discrepancy in He are discussed: importance of many-body forces, breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, and importance of statistics


According an aspect of the embodiment, there is provided a method for managing management target devices each connected to a computer network and managed by one of a plurality of management servers. A management server list storing IP addresses of the plurality of management servers is provided. A hop count defined as the number of hops, in the computer network, from the management target device to the each of the plurality of management servers is obtained and a management server having the smallest hop count among the plurality of management servers is selected as an optimum management server. Then, the management target device is managed under the control of the selected optimum management server.


This paper analyses the relationship between inadequate housing and the school performance of children from poor Czech households. It shows that children (ages 7-12) from low-income households (defined as those with up to 2.4 times the minimum living income) have higher chances of serious problems in school performance if they live in unstable or nonresidential housing. The effects of housing instability and non-residential housing among children from low-income households are significant and substantial even when controlling for parents' educational attainment and labour activity, family structure (e.g. single parent etc.), household size, and the child's age. The effects of other housing problems are significant only in their extreme forms (overcrowdedness) or when combined with other housing problems (the housing cost burden). These findings are used to examine whether the Czech Social Housing Act currently under discussion is needed to help poor families with children and whether it has adequately defined its target group if it is to protect Czech children from the negative effects of inadequate housing.


Thin blood smears prepared from a Japanese student showed, malaria parasites of which characteristics were similar to those of Plasmodium vivax except for their heavy multiple infections of the host red blood cell (RBC). Immediately after returning to Japan from a trip to Afghanistan, the patient showed severe symptoms with an irregular pattern of fever. However, examination of the blood smear taken on admission indicated that the parasitaemia was only 0.82%. More than 30% of the infected RBC were invaded by 2 or more young trophozoites and up to 7 ring forms in a single RBC were photographed for illustration, whereas 8 rings/ RBC had once been observed. All blood forms of the vivax-type parasite were detected in the host RBC with or without stippling. The infected RBC showed more or less enlargement in accordance with the growth of the parasites. The possibility of mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax was rejected on the basis of the features of the infected host cells and the absence of elongated gametocytes. Merozoite numbers ranged from 12 to 19 with an average of 15.4, thus the diagnosis of P. malariae or P. ovale was also excluded. In some simian malaria parasites, it is known that such severe multiple infections are characteristic and that the morphology of blood stages is practically very difficult to distinguish from that of P. vivax. Therefore some possibilities of natural infection with a simian malaria parasite have also been discussed. Imported cases of human malaria in Japan are increasing in number each year (Nakabayashi et al. , 1976). The writer has recently had an opportunity to examine thin blood smears taken from a university student, who was admitted to the Tohoku University Hospital, .Sendai, Japan, as a patient suspected of having malaria almost immediately after coming home from a trip to Afghanistan. No detailed clinical information was available except that he showed an irregular pattern of high.fever before and after admission to the hospital. At a glance of the thin blood smear under the microscope, severe multiple infections of the host erythrocytes (RBC)* were noticed in addition to the usual vivax-like malaria infection. This could not be easily ascribed to any parasite species of the typical human malaria. Among the usual human Contribution No. 798 from the Institute for Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Received for publication, May 20, 1977 * Abbreviation used : RBC for erythrocyte(s) or red blood cell(s)


.Ted Shoebridge, M ik e Olk'.wski, and John D e Le llis were nam ed lo the A ll P V C team. Shoebridge sm t O lkow ski w ere also nam ed1 !t> the D a ily New s A ll-S la r (earn, with Anthony B o  nelli and Ralph Vuono receiving F O R T H E F U T U R E — Officers of the Youth Fellowship of the Lyndhurst Methodist Church I Io loral)le Mention. CongratuLyndliurst, and church officials, take, part in ceremonies in which a time capsule was bur , J . ,hp . and t0 these ied for the knowledge o f those who w ill be members of the church congregation in the , . future. From left, are: M rs. John D. McCrea, advisor; John Stenger, chairman; Rev. Robert tlv,' mmwau s O fyn Bryant, pastor; M is s Carla McCrea, president, and the Rev. Ju liu s Brasher, superin ten brought great iitmor to Ly dent, ' ' huint High.


This study aims to uncover how writers contextualize their finding in order to demonstrate legitimacy of the new research within the academic discipline. While huge effort has been devoted to the identification of moves and steps in RA Discussion section, how writers justify the value of the new research through evaluative comparison with prior studies in order to transform empirical results into knowledge claims is left unnoticed. The present study conducted rhetorical analysis of this critical act drawing on a genre-based description of moves and steps. Based on analysis of 12 Applied Linguistics research articles, this study reveals that six rhetorical steps are deployed to legitimize one's new research through this act, and illustrates its possible variations in schematic patterns. The findings not only contribute to our understanding of knowledge construction process through argumentation but also have important pedagogical implications for the writing practices of novice English researchers.


The results of ESR studies of Cu 2+ ion doped in Ammonium Tartrate single crystal at room temperature are reported. Copper enters the lattice substitutionally and is trapped at two magnetically inequivalent sites. The observed spectra are fitted to a spin-Hamiltonian of rhombic symmetry with the following values of the spin-Hamiltonian parameters. Cu 2+ (I): g x =2.0469 ±0.002, g y =2.1522 ±0.002, g z =2.4489 ±0.002 and A x =(56 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 , A y =(66 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 , A z =(79 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 . Cu 2+ (II): g x =2.0292 ±0.002, g y =2.1477 ±0.002, g z =2.4186 ±0.002 and A x =(36 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 , A y =(63 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 , A z =(73 ±2)10 -4 cm -1 . The ground state wave function of the Cu 2+ ion in ammonium tartrate is evaluated. It is found that the ground state is predominantly | x 2 - y 2 >.


On ASDEX Upgrade a concept for real-time stabilization of NTMs has been realized and successfully applied to (3,2)- and (2,1)-NTMs. Since most of the work has meanwhile been published elsewhere, a short summary with the appropriate references is given. Limitations, deficits and future extensions of the system are discussed. In a second part the recent work on using modulated ECCD for NTM stabilisation is described in some detail. In these experiments ECCD power is modulated according to a magnetic footprint of the rotating NTM. In agreement with earlier results it could be shown that O-point heating reduces the necessary average power for stabilisation whereas X-point heating hampers stabilisation. Although this modulated scheme is not relevant for routine NTM stabilisation on ASDEX Upgrade it may be mandatory for ITER or DEMO. On ASDEX Upgrade it has been re-developed to demonstrate the usage of a FAst DIrectional Switch to continously heat the O-point of the rotating island with only one gyrotron switching between two launchers which target the mode at locations separated in phase by 180 degrees as described in (1).


DNA functionalized nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention for bioanalytical applications. Owing to exceptional fluorescence quenching ability, most DNA-based nanoprobes were designed with turn-on signals for target gene detection, while only a few of them could simultaneously achieve gene detection and regulation in one system. In this study, we explored the use of nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a building block to construct a DNA-based nanoprobe. We found ZIF-8 could stably adsorb DNA to resist the dissociation by various biological ligands, enabling potential biological applications. However, ZIF-8 was not a nano-quencher to turn off the fluorophore labeling on the adsorbed DNA. We therefore designed a DNAzyme embedded molecular beacon (DMB) to functionalize ZIF-8. After endocytosis, ZIF-8 was disintegrated to release DMB for target mRNA detection, and the co-released Zn2+ acted as an effective cofactor to activate the embedded DNAzyme for mRNA regulation. This study provides a versatile nano-platform to realize multiple functions inside cells by using functional nucleic acids, which holds great promise for theranostic applications.


Tea is a popular beverage all around the world, and in Bangladesh the cultivation of tea plays a vital role. Many diseases affect the proper growth of tea leaves leading to its reduction, thus hindering of the production of tea. However, if the disease is identified at an early age it would solve all the above mentioned problems through the application of appropriate treatment, or through the pruning of the diseased leaves to prevent further spread of the disease. To solve this problem image processing is the best option to detect and diagnose the disease. The main goal of this research is to develop an image processing system that can identify and classify the two most widespread tea leaf diseases in Bangladesh, namely brown blight disease and the algal leaf disease, from a healthy leaf. Disease identification is the first step; there are many methods that have been used for identifying the leaf disease. In this paper, Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) is used to recognize the diseases. Eleven features are analyzed during the classification. These features are then used to find the most suitable match for the disease (or normality) every time an image is uploaded into the SVM database. When a new picture is uploaded into the system the most suitable match is found and the disease is recognized. The approach is novel since the number of features compared by the SVM classifier is reduced by three features compared to previous researches, without adversely sacrificing the success rate of the classifier, which retains an accuracy of more than 90%. This also speeds up the identification process, with each leaf image taking 300ms less processing time compared to previous research using SVM, thus ensuring a greater number of leaves can be processed in a given time frame. The proposed solution increases in efficiency of the detection, identification, and classification process will enable the tea industry in Bangladesh to become more competitive globally, by reducing the losses suffered due to diseases of the leaf, and thus increasing the overall tea production rate.


In this paper, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) framework is introduced for evaluating and comparing a wide range of privatization schemes for infrastructure facilities. The proposed framework helps the decision maker identify all stakeholders, their options, and their preferences. Two MCDM techniques are used consecutively to simulate the process used in an actual privatization case study to arrive at the most suitable decision: (1) the Elimination method that eliminates unfeasible alternatives; and (2) the Scoring method to score the short-listed solutions and arrive at the best one. Based on the proposed framework, a computerized decision support system has been developed and used on the case study. The system proved to be useful for structuring the process and arriving at a better decision than actually made. Areas of improvement to the proposed framework to consider uncertainty and stakeholders' negotiation preferences are then discussed.


In the wake of the Arab uprisings, analysts have advanced a range of hypotheses about the grievances that formed the backdrop to mass mobilization. To date, little empirical research examines the validity of the large array of proposed sources of disaffection, particularly at the micro-level. We use public opinion data from 2009-2010 from Arab countries that experienced mass mobilization to assess attitudes towards general satisfaction, sectors such as health, education, and labor markets, and perceptions of fairness in the economy and social life, and disaggregate the results by socioeconomic class and age cohort in order to probe accounts of middle-class grievances, lower-class deprivation, and intergenerational disjunctures. We find mixed support for the hypotheses derived from the scholarship on the lead-up to the uprisings. We find a consistent income gradient in satisfaction, particularly general satisfaction and satisfaction with the labor market. We find similar gradients in perceptions of health services and of dignity in virtually all countries. Perceptions of corruption show a gradient in some countries and a reverse gradient in others. Intergenerational differences in class satisfaction show no consistent patterns across countries and sectors, but youth disaffection within a given class is more common than its converse. The cross-national variation in patterns of discontent across classes and generations suggests that diffusion processes rather than a common set of grievances may have been at the root of the Arab uprisings.


Hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes have been prepared by blending cellulose acetate (CA) as a matrix polymer with increasing concentrations of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) using N,N′-dimethylformamide as the solvent. It is observed that the presence of PVP beyond 50 wt % in the casting solution did not form membranes. Prepared membranes have been subjected to ultrafiltration characterizations such as compaction, pure water flux, water content, and membrane hydraulic resistance. The results indicate significant changes in the characteristics upon the addition of PVP, which may lead to improved performance. The porosity, pore size, and molecular weight cut-off of the membranes also increase as the concentration of PVP increases. It is estimated that the pore radius of the CA/PVP membranes increases from 30 to 63 A, when the concentration of PVP increased from 0 to 50 wt %. This is in agreement with the results obtained from scanning electron microscopic studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007


The United States and Russia signed the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II) on January 3, 1993. This report presents the background on the Russian parliament approval of the START II ratification. The report also discusses the linkage between U.S. withdrawal from ABM treaty and Russia's possible withdrawal from START II. It discusses the alternative approaches for the United States and the future for the U.S.-Russian arms control process.


A strong typhoon hit the Pacific coast of Japan from the night of October 15th to the morning of 16th, 2013, and caused huge damages, especially in Izu-Oshima island, Tokyo. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), which can observe the earth surface despite of weather conditions, is an effective tool to grasp damage situation caused by typhoons. In this study, pre-event Pi-SAR-L and post-event Pi-SAR-L2 airborne radar images with full polarizations were used to detect landsides and debris flows in Izu-Oshima. First, the extraction of potential landslide areas was carried out using only the post-event image by land-cover classification and from the standardized difference polarization index (NDPI). Then the difference of backscattering intensity between the pre- and post-event SAR images was calculated to extract potential landslides. In addition, a 5-m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) was introduced to remove errors. Finally, the results were verified through the comparison with the result from visual interpretation.


This is the final publisher edited version of the book published as Benyon, John et al., African Caribbean People in Leicestershire: Final report, incorporating the fully revised second interim report, (Copyright © 1996 Scarman Centre, University of Leicester).


Using two different Clq‐dependent assays for quantification of circulating immune complexes (CIC), the levels were compared in sera from 32 women with pregnancy‐related hypertension and in sera of 32 matched controls. No difference in the CIC levels was observed. the levels of CIC in the hypertensive patients were not correlated to pla‐cental weight, fetal weight, or diastolic blood pressure.


Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is a rare manifestation of syphilis, which may be the only manifestation of the disease. Two clinical forms are described; a symptomatic alopecia and an essential alopecia. This last clinical form is the most frequently observed, presenting as a "moth-eaten" or "patch-form" appearance, in a more diffused hair loss pattern. The term neurosyphilis refers to the infection of the Central Nervous System (CNS) by Treponema Pallidum (T. pallidum) and can occur at any time during the course of the disease. We present the case of a 61-year-old man who was diagnosed with early neurosyphilis presenting with syphilitic alopecia, and a review of the current literature. Although there are numerous reports of individual cases of both syphilitic alopecia and neurosyphilis, to our knowledge there are only three reports that describe their simultaneous presentation. We emphasize the importance of recognizing this presentation of syphilis in clinical practice, in order to carry out a timely treatment of the patient and their contacts.


The present paper aims to study the effect of cooling air inlet methods on gas turbine compressors on increasing their efficiency. After modeling gas turbine cycles with absorption and compression systems in the EES software, these cycles' performance is investigated for all equipment of the cycle from thermodynamic, exergy, and exergoeconomic aspects. In the absorption system, the conventional solution of lithium bromide-water is used as a two-component fluid, and in the compression cycle, the R134a operating fluid is used. According to the results, with the rise in the system's inlet air temperature, the total output work of the gas turbine decreases. Based on the exergoeconomic analysis, the exergy destruction cost dominates the initial cost, resulting in the exergoeconomic factor's decline. Relationship predicted by Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) to reduce the computation time of optimization. The studied systems are then subjected to two-objective optimization by the Particle Swarm algorithm using MATLAB software. The objective functions are related to the exergy efficiency and total cost rate. The results reveal contradictory behavior in these two objective functions so that with the increase in the exergy efficiency, the total cost rate increases.


This thesis addresses shortfalls in the sociological literature on diaspora, ethnicity and
ethnicity-making amongst diasporic individuals. My original contribution is an improved and
more nuanced take on diasporic individuals' ethnicities and the mechanisms through which
these ethnicities are made. I will do this by reconfiguring collectivist versions of diaspora into
an individualised transdiasporic space, and redefining ethnicity as transdiasporic ethnicity.
Transdiasporic ethnicities are made in the social intimacies and distances between individuals
and between their ethnic lifestyles (sets of aesthetic markers). Such distances are affected by
individuals' ethnic tastes – preferences for or against different lifestyles.

My arguments are based on a study of Chinese Singaporeans and their wedding rituals.
Weddings are microcosms of transdiasporic space – multiple crossroads for intersecting
diasporic journeys and everyday lives. I will employ a visually-focussed form of participant
observation, arguing that the use of photographs with text creates a richer space to do
sociological work. I will also develop a methodological framework of photography as visual
poetry, creating an emotional texture that text alone struggles to achieve.

Chinese Singaporeans engage in outward-facing taste performances which reveal their ethnic
lifestyles to others. Juxtaposed taste performances often lead to aesthetic dissonance, which
encourages individuals to make decisions affecting their ethnic tastes. This tends to result in
social distancing between two socially prominent ethnic lifestyles which were politically
defined and are now part of popular discourse – "heartlander" and "cosmopolitan". These
lifestyles are often held in tension and tend to be connected to different levels of economic
wealth. Commercial activities in weddings perpetuate such linkages, such that socioeconomic
aspirations often texture ethnic tastes. I will conclude by considering what aesthetic
dissonance says about concepts of ethnic hybridity and syncretism, and propose that a
Chinese Singaporean's economic life-path continues to be affected by the ethnic lifestyles
she is socially intimate with.


Energy-based acoustical measurements are investigated in the context of more fully characterizing rocket noise source regions. Near-field measurements made on statically fired GEM-60 motors are described and the performance of two types of four-microphone tetrahedral probes is discussed. Vector intensity plots reveal the magnitude and directionality of the near-field sound radiation as a function of frequency, position, and time in the plume. HE development of the next-generation space flight vehicles has prompted renewed interest regarding source characterization and near-field propagation models of rocket noise. This source characterization is required to determine the vibroacoustic impact on flight hardware and structures in the vicinity of the launch pad. Brigham Young University has been involved in an effort to develop and validate an energy-based acoustic probe suitable for use in rocket fields, in particular the RS-68B engine to be used on the Ares V vehicle. Energy-based acoustical measurements require estimation of both the collocated acoustic pressure and the threedimensional particle velocity. From the pressure, a scalar, and the particle velocity vector, a number of energybased quantities can be calculated, including vector acoustic intensity, specific acoustic impedance, potential, kinetic, and total energy densities, and the Lagrangian density. Knowledge of one or more of these quantities may


SIMULATE-3K is a two group, advanced nodal reactor analysis transient code. It has been used by many utilities for the prediction and analysis of BWR stability events. In recent years, several enhancements of the SIMULATE-3K channel and vessel thermal-hydraulic model have been made. This paper summarizes the status of the SIMULATE-3K core and vessel models. It presents results for the Ringhals-1 Stability Benchmark and for regional instability in a large BWR. Finally, modeling sensitivities to space and time discretization are discussed.


The resistance to Phytophthora sojae of 5 bivalent transgenic soybean lines was identified using the hypocotyls inoculation technique.The lines were the T2 of the transgenic soybean which were transformed with kidney bean chitinase gene and barley ribosome inactivating protein gene,and were positive by Southern blot analysis.The resistance difference was studied through comparing the death percentage of transgenic soybean with the control.The results showed that 4 lines were more resistant to Phytophthora sojae,whereas other one had no evident difference compared to the control.


Between November 1998 and May 1999 a prospective study for HCV antibodies was conducted on 200 patients (113 males and 87 females), with B-thalassemia major and sickle cell-thalassemia, who were attending the thalassemia center at Basrah Maternity and Children Hospital. Their ages ranged from 1-18 years with a mean age of 9 years. Nineteen patients (9.5%) were found to have antibodies in comparison to only one (0.5%) amongst the 200 children of a control group. The risk of exposure to HCV was higher than for HBs antigen and HIV amongst the same patients. Anti-HCV seropositivity was significantly higher amongst patients with B-thalassemia major than patients with sickle cell-thalassemia and patients older than 10 years. The study showed also that anti-HCV seropositivity was directly related to the frequency of blood transfusion and there were significant elevations of serum bilirubin and aminotransferase levels amongst seropositive thalassemic patients compared to seronegative patients.


A fluorescent probe for fulfilling a lysosome targeting function in hypoxic tumor cells is reported, wherein azoreductase triggers a dramatic fluorescence enhancement and specific imaging of lysosomes in hypoxic cancer cells.


The characterization of "natural" or "presettlement" forest has become a relatively common practice in Canada as forest managers strive to put into practice concepts of sustainable forest management. Various methods have been developed to undertake such characterizations, leading to confusion about how to define "presettlement forest" and uncertainty over the approach that will best serve as a basis for management. We report on two methods of presettlement forest characterization: the "Witness Tree" and the "Potential Forests" approaches. We compare results from these approaches to the existing forest composition in the Fundy Model Forest, New Brunswick. Both approaches indicate a decline in the predominance of tolerant hardwood and eastern cedar since presettlement. However, the Potential Forests approach consistently suggests much higher presettlement frequencies of spruce (Picea spp.) and, in most cases, pine (Pinus spp.) than the Witness Tree method. Differences between frequencies of tree species est...


The nonseismic geophysical exploration with its portability and low cost is the focus on geophysical exploration. The ultralong electromagnetic wave remote sensing is the one of the low cost, portable, sensitive and rapid geophysical exploration methods. The detector receiving the natural ultralong electromagnetic wave is composed of three parts: main engine with portable computer, antenna with amplifier and external power. The detector operation is always stable and repeated at the same spot but the different time. The detector with high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio can reveal the geological and lithologic interfaces, strata and related mineral sources. For two-year-experiment and application, the detector resolved, a lot of problems in the geological exploration, which can be applied in finding the paleoweathering crust, mafic lave, hydrocarbon reservoir, water and oil reservoir, and sea ooze. The technology is an economic and rapid method to explorate the area under water, with cover, varied topography, human disruption and lava shields.


The advent of nanotechnology in medicine has raised several new prospects in the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Nanoparticles are finding their way into biology in the form of drug carriers. The physical sizes of nanomaterials create a strong possibility for their interactions with biological systems. The property of their large surface area available to load materials is utilized in current therapies. By altering their size, composition, and surface chemistry, nanoparticles can be developed into a universal platform with multifunctional capabilities to meet the requirements of different drug delivery systems. It is envisioned that specific drug delivery to targeted tissues will minimize side effects and toxicity. We are primarily focusing on the achievement of nanotechnology in nanoscale drug and gene delivery. Additionally, a specific emphasis has been placed on the use of nanotechnology to improve controlled drug release and sustainable drug delivery in solid tumours.


Side-channel attacks are currently among the most serious threats for embedded systems. Popular countermeasures to mitigate the impact of such attacks are masking schemes, where secret intermediate values are split in two or more values by virtue of secret sharing. Processing the secret happens on separate execution paths, which are executed on the same central processing unit (CPU). In case of unwanted correlations between different registers inside the CPU the shared secret may leak out through a side-channel. This problem is particularly evident on low cost embedded systems, such as nodes for the Internet of Things (IoT), where cryptographic algorithms are often implemented in pure software on a reduced instruction set computer (RISC). On such an architecture, all data manipulation operations are carried out on the contents of the CPU's register file. This means that all intermediate values of the cryptographic algorithm at some stage pass through the register file. Towards avoiding unwanted correlations and leakages thereof, special care has to be taken in the mapping of the registers to intermediate values of the algorithm. In this work, we describe an empirical study that reveals effects of unintended unmasking of masked intermediate values and thus leaking secret values. The observed phenomena are related to the leakage of masked hardware implementations caused by glitches in the combinatorial path of the circuit but the effects are abstracted to the level of the instruction set architecture on a RISC CPU. Furthermore, we discuss countermeasures to have the compiler thwart such leakages.


Among the worlds wealthier countries few--if any--more important demographic changes have taken place in recent decades than the shift toward levels of fertility well below replacement. This development has tremendous implications for the future economic and social well-being of the people living in these countries where-barring huge and unprecedented waves of in-migration--fewer and fewer working-age people must support more and more older people. But this historically sudden and largely unforeseen plummeting of fertility poses a challenge of another kind as well for it has called into question previous theorizing about demographic behavior. The persistence of sub-replacement childbearing is today leading to a fervid reevaluation not only of theories of fertility but of theories that seek to account for human behavior more generally. (excerpt)


The anorthite constituting the allivalitic orbicular rock which was described in the volume 44, No. 5 of this journal, is of peculiar features : 1) chemical composition (An 95±1) is so homogeneous as to show no zoning at all, 2) most of them are the large wedges of single crystal having C-twin in the part belonging to core (a) (Fig. 1, 2), and showing very fine feather like A-twin but no C-twin at the outer zones, 3) it arranges radially orienting b-axis rather parallel to the radial pole, 4) dusty fine drops of "groundmass inclusion" which are common in the phenocrystic plagioclase of the host rock, are found only in the core (a). It is concluded from the relation in the density of various parts of orbicular rock, and the absence of zoning in anorthite, that the ball has probably been formed in the lower part of the magma chamber, slightly oversaturated in anorthite, by floating up of anorthite phenocrysts. And it is assumed that the alternate zones with different contents of iddingsite after olivine, are the reflection of several times of eruption rhythmically releasing static pressure to the lower part of chamber.


Sir, We appreciate the interest of Patnaik S [1] in our paper published in Journal of Orthoapedic Case Reports [2] and thank him for sharing his experience with the technique. We shall answers the queries raised sequentially. We are routinely using 16 or 18 gauge needle depending on the size of the child and in very young child infant a 18 gauge needle is enough. The trick is to tense the tendon by dorsiflexion and then cutting with the tip of the needle [you can feel the grating. This does not require a strong force if layer by layer cutting using the tip of the needle is done. Do not try to cut the entire tendon in one go. As one does more cases, an idea of force needed and needle that is best suited is developed. We have done this procedure as a part of ponseti technique, thus the indications of age are extension of ponseti and the procedure can be done safely till 6-8 months of age. We are routinely using Pirani scoring [3] for assessment of our cases. The follow up protocol is same as ponseti protocol and as mentioned in the article corrective cast is given for 3 weeks. We again appreciate the interest in our technique and sincerely hope it benefits more surgeons and patients. A reliable method of clinically evaluating a virgin clubfoot evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 21st SICOT World Congress, Sydney, Australia.


The unique business mode of webcast enables the live webcasting platform and the anchor to have a special way of income distribution. This paper, taking the direct seeding business model as the breakthrough point, analyzes the existing mode of income distribution, and studies the income distribution relationship between the network webcast platform and the anchor. According to the network externality analysis, the formation process of the income distribution relationship is explained by building a game model, and the competition strategy of the webcast platform based on the contract gold model is put forward, and the empirical analysis is carried out in combination with the reality.


Fluoride poisoning is relatively uncommon and we report a case following ingestion of magnesium fluorosilicate contained in an industrial solution, not previously recorded as a cause of fluoride poisoning at the National Poisons Unit, New Cross Hospital, London. Case report A 23-year-old male attempted to siphon a solution of magnesium fluorosilicate from a large to a smaller receptacle and, as a result, ingested an unknown quantity of this liquid. He was immediately aware of retrosternal discomfort and acute burning epigastric pain. He drank a quantity of orange juice, attempted unsuccessfully to induce vomiting, and reported to the Works Surgery, where he was given a pint of milk to drink. He was then transferred to the Accident and Emergency Department. On arrival he was apprehensive and complaining of severe epigastric pain. He was given 500 ml of milk followed by 300 ml of 1 per cent calcium hydroxide. Blood was taken for biochemical analysis and he was admitted to the Medical Intensive Care Unit for monitoring. His clinical condition remained stable and no arrhythmia was noted at any time. He made an uneventful recovery without further specific treatment and was discharged two days later. Urea, electrolytes, calcium, phosphate, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase were all consistently normal. Serum fluoride measurements were carried out by direct measurement on serum buffered to pH 5.2 using a fluoride ion sensitive electrode (Beckman 39600) with continuous leak silver, silver chloride reference (Orion Research 9409A) according to a published method (1). The serum fluoride levels are shown in Table I. The fluoride concentration of a urine obtained 17 hours after ingestion, was 92 J.lmol/l. The urine pH was 5.6. Urine creatinine (Jaffe) on this sample measured 25.6 mmol/I and the serum creatinine at this time was 81 urnol/l. The percentage tubular reabsorption of fluoride (TRF) was calculated to be 95 per cent.


Up till now the worker caste of Lasius viehmeyeri was unknown. In the Starcke Collection present in the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum at Leiden, a worker of L. viehmeyeri was discovered under Lasius umbratus var. affinis Schenck. This specimen from Dalmatia is described and figured.


An investigation of microwave hologram techniques for application to earth resources was conducted during the period from June 1971 to November 1972. The objective of this investigation has been to verify the feasibility of an orbital microwave holographic radar experiment. The primary advantage of microwave hologram radar (MHR) over the side-looking airborne radar (SLAR) is that of aspect or viewing angle; the MHR has a viewing angle identical with that of photography and IR systems. The combination of these systems can thus extend the multispectral analysis concept to span optical through microwave wavelengths. Another advantage is the capacity of the MHR system to generate range contours by operating in a two-frequency mode. It should be clear that along-track resolution of an MHR can be comparable with SLAR systems, but cross-track resolution will be approximately an order of magnitude coarser than the range resolution achievable with an arbitrary SLAR system. An advantage of the MHR over the SLAR is that less average transmitter power is required. This reduction in power results from the much larger receiving apertures associated with MHR systems.


This report presents a case of bacteraemic pneumonia caused by Neisseria lactamica in an adult patient with liver cirrhosis who was successfully treated with ceftriaxone. The isolate was confirmed as N. lactamica by analysis of a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene; it had reduced susceptibilities to penicillin (MIC 0.75 microg ml(-1)) and ciprofloxacin (MIC > or =0.5 mg l(-1)).


The advancement of Internet technology has provided a platform for educators to introduce webbased learning as a new approach of instruction. Although thousands of web based learning environments have been developed, most of them are linear and sequential in nature. In this linear, tutorial approach, the information is presented to the learner and is followed by practices or quizzes and some form of feedback. Another alternative to this approach is inquiry learning, which may exist in several levels including open inquiry, structured inquiry, or guided inquiry. Unlike tutorial, the inquiry approach suggests information seeking from the learner by allowing exploration and concept application rather than a mere content presentation. This non-linear, discovery approach of inquiry learning will assist the learner to better comprehend the issue or topic presented. This paper will discuss the basic learning theory underpinning the guided inquiry approach and its application in a web-based learning environment. Constructivist theory asserts that meaningful learning will only occur if the learners construct their own knowledge and understanding through active involvement, such as inquiry or discovery approach. Two relevant models of the guided inquiry approach will also be discussed, i.e., the Collins and Stevens' Theory of Inquiry Teaching (1983) and Lawson's Learning Cycle Model (1995). In addition, an example of the application of the guided inquiry approach in a web-based learning environment will also be discussed. INTRODUCTION Internet technology has become an integral part of our society. Rapid advancement of this technology has brought a huge impact to our education system. As an important component of this technology, World Wide Web (also known as the Web) provides an alternative for the teaching and learning processes. The Web is viewed as the biggest library that stores perhaps the largest collection of information in which its users can access the information at anytime, from anywhere, and at a very fast rate. Lately, with the introduction of wireless technology, this process of accessing the information from the Web has becoming much easier and faster.


to be due to ignorance, superstition, self-denial, fear of Third world breast cancer is characterized by late mastectomy and unavailability of treatment 5,7,8 presentation, occurring at relatively young ages and facilities . dismal mortality. The poor outcome has encouraged patients to patronize quacks and alternative healers. In Pakistan scenario is exactly same as in other third Recent reports from the developed world indicate a world countries. A study that evaluated the histohigh association with obesity, smoking, and alcohol, pathological features of 3,279 breast cancer cases in habits which though not currently very popular in the Pakistan revealed and corroborated that breast cancer 1 third world are nevertheless increasingly accepted . presents differently in Pakistan in comparison to the United States and United Kingdom. In Pakistan, the Breast cancer is now the most common female mean age of diagnosis was found to be 49, where as 9 malignancy word-wide with up to a million cases the mean age of diagnosis is 54 in Western countries . 2,3 annually . Areas of greatest incidence have been The women in Pakistan presented with advanced North America and Europe with black Africa disease at the time of diagnosis as reflected by larger 3 considered an area of low incidence . Studies from tumor size (> 2 cm) in over 93% of cases more over Nigeria indicate breast cancer has recently overtaken the tumors were of high grade suggesting the cervical cancer as the commonest female malignancy presence of aggressive fast spreading lesions. Such 4 features of presentation correlated with poor in areas of Western and Eastern Nigeria . General prognosis and increased number of lymph node worldwide mortality rates have decreased as a result 9 of earlier detection, more favorable stage at metastasis . 5 presentation and improved management . In the third The epidemiology of breast cancer in Pakistani women world and in African – Americans breast cancer is not precisely known due to lack of an adequate presents at advanced stage and with worse biologic 10,11 6,7 tumor registry system . However evidence behavior . Reasons for late presentation are believed ABSTRACT... Objective: To evaluate the factors responsible for the late presentation of carcinoma of breast in Pakistani women. Study Design: Prospective, Cross sectional, Interventional. Setting: Women Medical Complex Sialkot and Surgical Unit II. Aziz Bhatti Shaheed (Teaching) Hospital. Nawaz Sharif medical College, University of the Gujrat. Study. Period: January 2009 to June 2012. Results: A total of 87 patients of all age groups with carcinoma of breast were enrolled in this study. Mean age of presentation with breast cancer was 43 years. Stage III carcinoma breast was the most common presenting stage seen in 56 (64.36%) women. Socio economic status, delay in presentation and diagnosis, fear of mastectomy and its social consequences found to be major factors in the late presentation of carcinoma of breast. Conclusions: There is need to launch cancer public health campaign mechanisms, should include teaching of Breast Self Examination (BSE) to patients, Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) to health workers. Strenuous efforts should be made to break the vicious cycle of late presentation, poor treatment outcome and reluctance of patients to present to health facilities because of social mindset. Dr. Muhammad Ateeq, Dr. Shazia Jehan, Dr. Muhammad Abid Bashir


Craniote gills are arranged sequentially along the pharynx and accordingly are ventilated from anterior to posterior by a wave of muscle contraction, beginning with the mouth. Each gill pair appears to have its own set of neurons in the brainstem that coordinate the muscle activity and stimulate the next gill pair in the sequence. This system appears to have been maintained from hagfish to teleosts. In tetrapods, on the other hand, various centres in the brainstem coordinate different phases of breathing: expiration, inspiration, and post-inspiration. The location of these centres in the brainstem is similar in amphibians and mammals. The stimulus for regulating ventilatory frequency in water-breathing species is oxygen, whereas for air-breathing species it is blood pH/PCO2—just as in invertebrates.


The photosynthesis characteristics and chlorophyll contents of 4 different Zoysia species were studied.The results showed that:1)the order of chlorophyll contents of 4 species was Z.japonicaZ.sinicaZ.matrellaZ.tenuifolia;2)the light compensation point of Z.japonica and Z.matrella(40 μmol/m2·s)was close to natural light compensation point of plants(average of 30 μ(mol/m2·s));3)the light saturation point and the light compensation point of Z.sinica and Z.tenuifolia were 80 μ(mol/m2·s)and 1 200 μmol/(m2· s);4)the apparent quantum efficiency of 4 species was same with the common plants under the natural illumination(0.03~0.06 mol/mol).Z.sinica was the best among 4 species.


Objective:To investigate the effect on post-infarct heart function and apoptosis of cardiocyte with Ad5-HGF(adenovirus-mediated human hepatocyte growth factor) transference in swine models. Methods:Total 12 young swine were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were control group(null-Ad5,1 ml) and Ad5-HGF group(5 × 109 Pfu/ml,1ml). In four weeks after left anterior descending(LAD) coronary artery ligation,Ad5-HGF(5 × 109 Pfu/ml,1 ml)was transferred in the therapeutic group,and null-Ad5(1 ml) was transferred in the control group via right coronary artery. At 4th and 7th week after LAD ligation, gate cardiac perfusion imaging was performed to evaluate cardiac perfusion and LVEF. Swine were sacrificed in the 7th week,the apoptotic index of cardiocyte was observed by TUNEL, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results:①In four weeks after LAD ligation,no difference was found between the control group and Ad5-HGF group in the cardiac perfusion and LVEF(P 0.05). At three weeks after gene transfer,heart function was significantly improved in the Ad5-HGF group(P 0.01), while unchanged in the control group(P 0.05). The improvement of heart function was greater in the Ad5-HGF group than that in the control group(P 0.01). ②TUNEL assay showed that there were lots of apoptotic cardioctyes in the border zone in two groups,but the Ad5-HGF group had a more obvious reduction in the apoptotic index, compared with the control group(P 0.01). ③The expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased and the expression of Bax protein was inhibited in the Ad5-HGF group, compared with that of the control group(P 0.01). Conclusion:Ad5-HGF transferred via noninfarct-related coronary artery could reduce apoptosis of cardiocyte and ameliorate post-infarct heart function. The up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax may play an important role in the anti-apoptotic effect of Ad5-HGF.


: This study seeks to explore the relationship between job satisfaction and the OCB in Fabric Manufacturing Industry in Sri Lanka. The primary data were collected from180 executive employees in selected fabric manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka and used a structured questionnaire to measure the variables. The findings of the study were two dimensions of job satisfaction (intrinsic and extrinsic) were positively and strongly correlated with organizational citizenship behavior


The purpose of the article is to justify and to highlight basic theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of an institutional model of the agricultural sector financial support in Ukraine, taking into account the current stage of its development. Research methods. In the course of research, a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of interrelated financial, economic, social and socio-economic phenomena and processes; a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of Ukrainian and foreign researches on problematic issues of institutional theory and institutional modeling); empirical method (concerning the assessment of the current state of institutional support to the agrarian sector). Within the special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions) was used. Research results. Basic approaches to the establishment of the institutional model of the agrarian sector financial support have been justified. The latest developments in institutional economic theory, with the using an integrated approach to selecting the best organizational and economic mechanisms for financing of economic entities of the sector at the current stage of its development, were taking into account. Scientific novelty. Theoretical and methodological provisions for the establishment of a comprehensive institutional model for the financial support of the agrarian sector in Ukraine have been further developed and the general principles for its development have been formalized. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to develop a balanced institutional model of financial support for the agrarian sector of Ukraine, taking into account current trends in its development. Refs.: 28.


This paper employs a unique dataset to analyse the retail rental levels of 1108 retail tenants in 148 UK regional shopping malls. The dataset integrates information regarding the characteristics of the shopping centre, the individual retailer, the brand, the individual unit occupied, the tenancy term and the regional location of the centre. Econometric analysis suggests that retail rents behave largely as predicted by theory although there are particular features of the UK rental market which may be somewhat distinct from other countries.


The work was first analyzes the religious-philosophical assemblies of the early twentieth century, their nature and purpose, as well as analyzed the meeting in the eyes of his contemporaries. The practical significance due to the reflection of this topic in the school program.Key


We used a neonatal rat hypoxia ischemia (HI)/ reperfusion brain damage model and investigated the neuroprotective effects of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus (FK506) and the hydrophobic peptide Leu-Ile, which has an active site similar to that of FK506 but is not an immunosuppressant. Method: HI was induced in 7- or 8-day-old Wister rat pups by transient right carotid artery occlusion, followed by exposure to 8% O. After HI insult, the rats were intraperitoneally administered FK506, Leu-Ile, a combination of the 2 drugs, or vehicle. Twenty-four hours or 7 d after HI, we analyzed the decreasing ratio of cerebral hemispheric weights and then histologically examined the brain tissue by HE, Iba-1, and caspase-3 staining. Body weight gain was also monitored. Result: The decreasing ratio of cerebral hemispheric weights in the FK506, Leu-Ile, and combination groups was lower than that in the vehicle group, but this ratio was significantly different only between the vehicle and FK506 groups. Pathological analysis showed that neurocytic injury had a strong suppressive effect in the FK506 and combination groups and a mild effect in the Leu-Ile group. During the 7-d experiment, the FK506 group showed lower body weight gain than the other groups. Conclusion: Combination treatment with Leu-Ile and FK506 had a stronger neuroprotective effect and lesser side effects; thus, we concluded that combination therapy might have potential for clinical application in neonatal HIE.


Recent research suggests DNA repeats play critical roles in cellular regulatory functions and disease development. The challenge associated with identifying repeats across a collection of genomes arises from the amount of data stored within DNA, and intermediate data generated by alignment-and hash-based approaches are substantial. We present a MapReduce-based method for repeat identification and propose efficient storage and search techniques. Our approach distributes the computation and storage across a cluster of commodity computers, lending a cost-effective, flexible, robust, and scalable solution to the challenge of identifying various types of repetitive sequences across a collection of genomes. In this study, we benchmark our method using a collection of six genomes, totalling approximately 14.2 billion base pairs. We demonstrate a tenfold speedup over previous state-of-the-art approaches and linear scalability. In addition, we conduct a deeper scalability analysis by processing a collection of 39 genomes, approximately 104 billion base pairs.


Scleria subgenus Scleria section Hymenolytrum currently comprises 15 accepted species. Seven lectotypes (Scleria boivinii, S. poeppigii, S. porphyrorhiza, S. reflexa var. surinamensis, S. stipularis, S. tonduzii and S. violacea) and one neotype (S. vaginata) are proposed here to promote the taxonomic stability of this group.


Land degeneration is one of main type of making the envirconment worse.The concept of land degeneration is introduced,reality of land degeneration is analyzed,countermeasures of land degeneration's prevention are put forward.


Employing the Hamitonian theory, the canonical equations of water waves is used to derive a nonlinear model. In this paper, a unified nonlinear model for water wave propagation is presented. This model can be simplified to the mild-slope equation in the linear case. It is consistent with Stokes wave theory when water depth is deep and reduces to an equation of Boussinesq's type in shallow waters. Results of numerical computations of nonlinear water waves propagating over a submerged bar and a rectangular step are also presented in one-dimensional case. Nonlinear behaviors of water waves are captured, but further works are needed. Introduction A unified mathematical model for wave propagation from deep sea into the coastal waters has been long in pursuit. In early seventies, the mild-slope equation was first derived independently by Berkhoff (1972) and Smith & Sprinks (1975). The mild-slope equation reduces to the Helmholtz equation in deep waters and constant water depth. It reduces to shallow water wave equation when water depth becomes shallow. Because of depth integration, the mild-slope equation has simplified the three-dimensional problem into a two-dimensional one on the horizontal plane. Although the original equation is derived for monochromatic waves, it has been used for the entire spectrum of wave frequency. Based on the mild-slope equation, several numerical models have been developed to describe the combined wave refraction and diffraction successfully (Bettess and Zienkiewicz, 1977; Tsay and Liu, 1983). In order to take other physical mechanisms, such as absorbing boundary, energy dissipation and fast-varying water depth, etc, into accounts, a variety of model equations has been employed to develop numerical mod1 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 TAIWAN 2 Professor, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853 U.S.A. 3 Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 TAIWAN


The subject of the bachelor thesis is the complex restoration of the fourth part of the Dutch old print P. Virgilii Maronis Opera damaged by fire. The place of storage of this print is the Moravian library in Brno. The whole object has come down in alarming state. Manipulation with the book is not possible without any additional damage and loss of the most fragile parts and therefore is the restoration intervention inevitable. The fire caused loss of material and made the extant margins of boards and the text-block more fragile.

The work contains the complete restoration documentation extended by detailed information about the print and the recherche of the methods of restoration of books and paper documents damaged by fire. The restoration documentation contains identification, typological description, typography description and description of the graphic decoration of the book. Ensue description of its damages and detailed description of the restoration process, which includes tests individual methods of aqueous treatment and refilling losses of the paper pad. Significant part of this work is Text, Graphic and Pictorial attachment.