—A new genus, Harrieta, is diagnosed for Cymodoce faxoni (Richardson), a common shallow-water isopod of the Florida Keys and the eastern Gulf of Mexico. The new genus is characterized by the possession of three pairs of oostegites with five pairs of internal pouches and metamorphosed mouthparts in the female, and by a uropodal exopod twice the length of the endopod in the male. That the isopod family Sphaeromatidae is in need of a generic revision based on phylogenetic principles, is no secret. Between 70 and 80 generic names are in current use, with generic diagnoses often blurred and overlapping. It comes as no surprise that when new criteria are used in an attempt to stabilize a taxonomy, earlier taxonomic placements become questionable. Thus with Harrison's work on the structure of the brood pouch of sphaeromatids (1984), following on from Hansen (1905), it was inevitable that the generic status of some species would need to be re-examined. The use of such major morphological features as oostegites, internal pouches, and anterior and posterior pockets in ovigerous females, has the potential to give a degree of stability to the classification of the Sphaeromatidae. These female reproductive structures are here regarded as being of such crucial importance as to allow generic placement based on these features only. Which structures or combination of structures are apomorphic, and which plesiomorphic, however, remains to be worked out. This lack of determined apomorphic features lends some uncertainty, but still allows for comparison of genera based on major reproductive morphological features. Examination of material of Cymodoce faxoni (Richardson), and comparison with the diagnosis of Cymodoce Leach, 1814 (see Harrison 1984:377) necessitates placing this species in a new genus. Subfamily Sphaeromatinae Harrieta, new genus Diagnosis.—SQiiMaX dimorphism marked by posterior margin of pleotelson more strongly trilobed, and elongation of uropodal exopods, in male. Female: mouthparts metamorphosed. Mandible fused with cephalosome, incisor, lacinia, and molar not distinguishable. Maxilla 1 of 2 simple rounded lobes; maxilla 2 of 3 simple rounded lobes. Maxilliped with palp articles lacking setae; endite distally broadly truncate, unarmed. Brood pouch consisting of 3 pairs of oostegites on pereonites 2-4 overlapping in midline, plus 5 pairs of internal pouches. Uropodal rami subequal in length. Male: Adult lacking dorsal processes. Pleopod 2, copulatory stylet articulating basally on endopod, curved, barely reaching beyond apex of ramus, with distal hook. Penes basally fused, rami slender, elongate, tapering to acute apices. Uropodal exopod VOLUME 100, >fUMBER 4 1037 twice length of endopod, slender, oval in cross section, tapering to narrowly acute apex. Type species. —Exosphaeroma faxoni Richardson, 1905, Gender: feminine. Etymology. —The generic name is in honor of Harriet Richardson, the original describer of the type species, and a prolific isopod researcher around the turn of the century. Remarks.—^ased on Harrison (1984: 377), the presence of three, rather than four, pairs of oostegites excludes yaxo«/ from the genus Cymodoce. Harrison's tables 1 and 2 (1984:394-397) conveniently summarize the brood pouch and mouthparts information for most genera of sphaeromatids. From these tables it can be seen that the combination of three pairs of overlapping oostegites, five pairs of internal pouches, and metamorphosed mouthparts in the female fit none of the known sphaeromatine genera. The present separation of faxoni from Cymodoce draws attention to these differences and emphasizes the importance of brood pouch characters in the taxonomy of this group. Harrieta faxoni {Richardson, 1905) Fig. I Exosphaeroma faxoni Richardson, 1905: 292, figs. 307, 308. Exosphaeroma faxoni: Pearse and Wharton, 1938:640. Cymodoce faxoni: Menzies and Miller, 1955: 293, figs. 1 ,2 . -Rouse , 1 9 6 9 : 1 3 4 . Schultz, 1969:127, fig. 182.-Lyons etal., 1971:28.-Clark and Robertson, 1982:47, 49, 54, fig. 18.—Menzies and Kruczynski, 1983:50, fig. 14.-Harrison and Holdich, 1984:383. Material examined. —National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution: USNM 41882, 2 <J, 2 ovig. 9, 7 immature. Key West, Florida, Jul 1874.— USNM 41883, 1 $, 1 ovig. 2, Cedar Key, Florida, 1874. -USNM 86833, 2 5, 3 ovig. Fig. 1. Harrieta faxoni, male pleopod 2. 2, 1 immature, Jupiter Is., Florida, 16 Feb 1940. -USNM 86834, 2 immature, Apalachicola, Horida, 19 Jan 1936.-USNM 86835, 1 3, Apalachicola, Florida, 6 Jun 1935.-USNM 86836, 2 $, 1 ovig. 2, 2 immature. Big Lake, Alabama, 28 Jan 1938.— USNM 86837, 2 ovig. 2, Bottlepoint Key, Horida, 20 Nov 1939. -USNM 184382, 1 $, 8 ovig. 2, 2 immature. Everglades National Park, Horida, 11 Nov 1965.-USNM 211432, 14 3, 4 ovig. 2, 30 immature, Godfrey Creek, Lemon Bay, Horida, 23 Jan 1938. -USNM 211433, 4 $, 1 ovig 2, 7 immature, Key West, Horida, 1968. -USNM 211434, 1 (3, 3 immature, Heming Key, Horida, 24 Mar 1968. 1038 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON Indian River Coastal Zone Museum (all material from Florida): Sta 101c, 15 S, 22 ovig. 5, 140 immature. Banana River, Brevard Co., intertidal, 27 Feb 1975 . -1 S, 1 ovig. 9, 1 immature, Haulover Canal, Brevard Co., Intertidal, 12 Dec 1978 . -1 S, 1 ovig. 9, 2 immature. Key Largo, Thalassia seagrass flat, 9 Mar 1982.-Sta 129, 19 3, 11 ovig. 9, 39 immature, Indian River, St. Lucie Co., intertidal, 29 Oct 1975.-Sta 88b, 1 S, Indian River, Martin Co., intertidal, 17 Dec 1974. —Sta 116d, 1 immature, Indian River, Brevard Co., intertidal, 29 May 1975. —Sta 79c, 1 S, 7 ovig. 9, 6 immature, HauloverCanal, Brevard Co., 14Nov 1974. Diagnosis. —Female: Frontal lamina with broad, slightly convex anterior margin. Cephalon with rounded ridge bearing 2 barely discernible submedian tubercles near posterior margin. Anterior fused pleonites with 2 low rounded submedian tubercles on posterior margin. Pleotelson with 2 strong broadly conical tubercles on inflated midregion; posterior margin faintly trilobed. Uropodal rami subequal in length, endopod distally oblique-truncate; exopod apically acute. Male: Pleotelson as in female, but with trilobed apex more defined. Uropodal endopod distally oblique-truncate; exopod twice length of endopod, tapering to narrowly acute apex. Penes separate, slender, tapering to acute apex. Pleopod 2, copulatory stylet articulating basally on endopod, curved, barely reaching beyond apex of ramus, with distal hook. Color. —The majority of freshly preserved specimens examined showed a scattering of red-brown chromatophores on the cephalon, pereon, pleon, antennular and antennal flagella, and uropodal rami. The sternites of ovigerous females are always fairly densely pigmented with a reticulate pattern. A few specimens were seen having the entire dorsum densely pigmented, while yet fewer specimens have the cephalon and pleon densely pigmented with no connecting pigment or a faint to fairly strong connecting middorsal band of pigment. Distribution. —Florida to Texas, intertidal to shallow infratidal. Remarks. — Menzies and Kruczynski (1983:50) place both Exosphaeroma antillense Richardson, 1912, and Exosphaeroma barrerae Boone, 1918, in the synonymy of Cymodoce faxoni. Examination of the holotype oi Exosphaeroma antillense shows this to be a different species: the frontal lamina is not as broad as that of Harrieta faxoni, and both uropodal rami are distally rounded. The holotype of Exosphaeroma barrerae is more than twice the size of adult Harrieta faxoni, and shows several obvious differences, including the shape of the frontal lamina, pleotelson, and uropodal rami. Exosphaeroma antillense does possess three pairs of overlapping oostegites, the condition of the holotype does not allow further comment on the brood pouch structure, while the holotype of E. barrerae is a nonovigerous female. Until fresh ovigerous material of these species becomes available, and brood pouch structure can be elucidated, both are excluded from the genus Harrieta. Cymodoce brasiliensis Richardson, 1906, was compared with the present species, in an attempt to discover a possible congener. Examination of the syntypic material (USNM 32246, 32626) showed the ovigerous female to have four pairs of oostegites on pereonites 1-4. The species redescribed as C brasiliensis by Loyola e Silva (1960: 68, figs. 10, 11; 1963:2, unnumbered fig.) was said to have three pairs of oostegites, and is thus not Richardson's species. No mention was made of brood pouches. The male described by Loyola e Silva (1960) has subequal uropodal rami, and is clearly not Harrieta faxoni. The difference in the uropodal exopod would suggest that Loyola e Silva's species is not a congener of Harrieta.


Dr. Robert F. Rider: This is the first hospital admission for this 36-year-old white, married man who complained of chest pain which had been present for 2 1/2 months and had recently become worse. He described the pain as arising from the anterior portion of the chest wall, traversing the thorax, and ending in the right scapular region. Movement of the scapular muscles and pressure on the right side of the chest wall accentuated the pain. The results of physical examination were normal; examination of the chest revealed no abnormalities. Results of laboratory tests were within normal limits. Chest roentgenograms taken at the time of admission revealed a mass (Figure). His temperature while in the hospital was persistently between 100 and 100.4 F (37.8 and 38 C). Discussion Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Goodman, do you think this mass arises in the lung? Dr. Derek J. Goodman: I am not


: Uvaia ( Eugenia pyriformis) is a fruit tree of the Myrtaceae family. It has recalcitrant seeds of limited longevity, making seed propagation difficult. Micropropagation is an alternative method to obtain a large quantity of progeny plants in a short period of time, by using any part of the plant as explant. The high concentration of phenols associated with the chemical composition of the Myrtaceae, and the presence of microorganisms in the plant material or culture media, can make in vitro propagation difficult and/or impossible. The objective was to evaluate various concentrations of antioxidants affecting the control of microbial contamination and phenol oxidation in vitro in uvaia . A completely randomized design was used, with a 3 (antioxidants PVP, L -cysteine, and ascorbic acid) × 3 (antioxidant concentrations 100, 200, and 300 mg L -1 ) × 2 (activated charcoal at 0 and 2 g L -1 ) factorial arrangement + 2 additional variables (absence of antioxidants and activated charcoal; absence of antioxidants with 2 g L -1 activated charcoal), with three repetitions comprising four plants each. The percentage of bacterial and fungal contaminations, along with the number of oxidized explants, was evaluated after 7, 14 and 21 days of in vitro cultivation. It was concluded that, where bacterial and fungal contaminations were concerned, in vitro cultivation of uvaia can be performed without the use of antioxidants. PVP or ascorbic acid must, however be used in the process, at a concentration of 300 mg L -1 , along with 2 g L -1 of activated charcoal. This helps to minimize phenol oxidation.


This article presents preliminary results of methane pyrolysis in an argon thermal plasma reactor using catalysts as an alternative method for carbon nanotubes synthesis. Inside the reaction chamber located downstream of the plasma discharge, three different types of catalysts were tested simultaneously to analyze the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at atmospheric pressure and under different conditions of operation. The method considered here can be regarded as a variation of the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), the most used method. In the present case, the CVD process is aided by electrical discharges in the ionization of a carrier gas as a way of supplying energy to the process and for this reason it is also known as Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). This article cites some advantages of the proposed method in the evaluation of it as a possible technique for carbon nanotubes production on a commercial scale. sense, is the electrical conductivity of a CNT that strongly depends on the crystalline orientation of the carbon network in the CNT itself. Usually, carbon nanotubes are formed in a grouped manner without chemical bonds between them and can be aligned or entangled, which depends on their growth mechanism. CNTs clusters are formed due to van der Waals force. Their morphological characteristics are not identical among the CNTs present in the same mass of carbonaceous materials. CNTs require sophisticated production processes and the effort to develop reactors for the synthesis of large-scale carbon nanomaterials has been undertaken by several research groups. The Introduction CNTs are characterized by their unique structural morphology, as they are made up of cylinders of nanometric diameters formed by well-organized carbon atoms, resembling graphene's rolled around the axis of symmetry. They can be Single-Walled (SWCNTs), as well as Double-Walled (DWCNTs), Triple (TWCNTs) or multiple concentric nanotubes (Multi-Walled CNTs MWCNTs). The physical properties of CNTs are extraordinary due to this nanometric organization. Depending on even more subtle features, such as the arrangement of carbon atoms in the nanotube's own network, the CNTs has highly different potentials in their properties. Possibly the best example in this DOI: 10.35840/2631-5009/7542 • Page 2 of 15 • Labanca et al. Int J Astronaut Aeronautical Eng 2020, 5:042 ISSN: 2631-5009 | Citation: Labanca A, Silva C, Sacorague L (2021) Atmospheric Plasma for Carbon Nanotubes Production. Int J Astronaut Aeronautical Eng 5:042 properties of CNTs are remarkable, however, to fully exploit the potential shown, production methods need to be further refined to obtain large amounts of CNTs with the desired final morphological characteristics. Despite enormous progress in the research of Carbon Nanotubes synthesis over the years, there is still no efficient way to produce CNTs with well-defined properties in large quantities with an economical technique [1]. The root of this problem is the lack of an adequate understanding of the CNT growth mechanism [1,2]. The basic methods most widely used for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes are Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), electric arc discharge and laser ablation [2-6]. Of these, CVD approaches have emerged as the most promising among the proposals to synthesize carbon nanotubes in order to achieve the goal of mass production [1,3,6]. Fei Wei and colleagues pioneered the controlled synthesis of defect-free ultralong CNTs by CVD. They synthesized half-meter Horizontally Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (HACNTs) with perfect structures [7,8]. According the group, the grow of ultralong CNTS can be regards as a probability event that if the catalysts can keep active enough during the whole CNT growth process. Generally, SWCNTs have been reported with diameters between 0.4 nm to 3.0 nm [9]. The smallest innermost tube in a MWCNT was found to be as small as 0.4 nm. Typically, MWCNT diameter is larger than 2 nm inside and smaller than 100 nm outside [9]. SWCNT diameter does not necessarily follow the diameter of the particle, which in general is nonspherical [10]. Table 1 shows some typical characteristics of SWCNTs and MWCNTs. The Specific Surface Area (SSA) of CNTs depends mainly on the number of walls, in addition to the diameter of the CNTs and the size of the bundles. Because each addition of the wall does not cause a strong increase in the CNT surface area, but causes a much larger increase in its weight [11]. Thus, bundles of MWCNTs usually have smaller SSA than bundles of SWCNTs, than bundles of DWCNTs and even of TWCNTs. Despite the fact that SWCNTs have a higher specific surface area than MWCNTs [11,12], MWCNTs have three possible sites for adsorption including external surface, inner cavity and interwall spaces, while SWCNTs have only two possible sites including external surface and inner cavity [12,13]. MWCNT offer a highly effective adsorbent that can be applied to wastewater treatment systems [14]. SWNTs are promising in electronic applications, since they can be either metallic or semiconducting, depending on their chirality and diameter [10]. The thermal conductivity of SWCNTs is about three times higher than that of diamond [7]. Even CNTs containing some structural defects and with non-uniform morphological characteristics due to the mixture of different types of CNTs in a bulk of carbonaceous materials, they are interesting in several applications, such as effective adsorbents for wastewater treatment [9,10,12-14] and as filling agents of different materials forming multifunctional nanocoposites for different purposes. Although CNTs of different characteristics exist in the same bundle, filling matrices with these arrangements adds new and highly relevant functions to the nanocoposites formed for the final application, for example, improving electrical and/or thermal conductivity.


Rationale: This paper presents the treatment of noninfected hypertrophic, horse hoof nonunion edentulous mandible accompanied with a Luhr class fracture. Patient Concerns: The patient reported with complaints of pain and an unstable lower denture at the right side of the lower jaw post mandibular fracture. Diagnosis: Upon inspection and post cone-beam computed tomography, it was determined that it was a case of a noninfected hypertrophic, horse hoof nonunion edentulous mandible with Luhr class 1 fracture. Treatment: The clinicians in this study treated the fracture with single-piece corticobasal jaw implants successfully with 10 BECES® corticobasal single-piece jaw implants in the maxilla by engaging double pterygoids bilaterally and eight implants in the mandible. Outcomes: After two years, complete unification of the fracture line and callus adaptation was observed on a panoramic radiograph. Take-away Lessons: The authors propose a new treatment option for the correction of nonunion mandibular fracture.


Introduction I n recent years social scientists have renewed their interest in the role of American philanthropic foundations in western industrialized societies. Some authors have provided brief descriptions of Carnegie and Rockefeller involvement in the development of educational testing/ while others have attempted to give us an overview of the relationship between philanthropy and society.̂ Yet thus far this work has remained at the descriptive level and has simply provided a number of enticirig images that stimulate new questions and attract further research. This work appears to be based on the following untested assumptions. First, that foundations, past and present, have occupied a mediating role between the economic structure of capitalist societies and the other social institutions. Further, that their mediating influence has tended to reproduce the existing social structure rather than alter it. What follows is an attempt to provide concrete evidence for the above assumptions by explicating the mediating role that American foundations have adopted with respect to the development of the social sciences in Britain^ during the inter-war period, 1919 to 1939. Three interrelated objectives are of concern. First, to describe the impact of American philanthropy^ on the development of the social sciences in Britain. Second, to demonstrate that these foundations have served a 'gatekeeper' function^ with respect to the development and distribution of knowledge in the social sciences. Finally, this paper


ATP and ADP are potential regulators of mitochondtial respiration and at physiological concentrations they affect the rate of electron transfer between cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase. The electron transfer, however, depends on the electrostatic interaction between the two proteins. In order to exclude any nonspecific ionic effects by these polyvalent nucleotides, we used 2'-O-(2,4,6)trinitro(TNP)-derivatives of ATP and ADP which have three orders of magnitude higher affinity for cytochrome c oxidase. A simple titration of the fluorescence intensity of TNP by cytochrome c oxidase showed a binding stoichiometry of 2:1 cytochrome c:cytochrome c oxidase. Higher ionic strength was required for TNP-ATP than for TNP-ADP to be dissociated from cytochrome c oxidase, indicating that the negative charges on the phosphate group are at least partially responsible for the binding. In both spectrophotometric and polarographic assays, addition of ATP (and ADP to a less extent) showed an enhanced cytochrome c oxidase activity. Both electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectra indicate that there is no Significant change in the cytochrome c-cytochrome c oxidase interaction. Instead, reduction levels of the cytochromes at steadystate suggest that the increased activity of nucleotide-bound cytochrome c oxidase is due to faster electron transfer from cytochrome to cytochrome , which is known to be the fate limiting step in the oxygen reduction by cytochrome c oxidase.


In the present work, ANSYS-Fluent software is used to perform large eddy simulations to study the three dimensional flow past an elliptic cross section cylinder with different axis ratios and Reynolds numbers. The data on the drag and lift coefficients, Strouhal number and pressure coefficient on the cylinder surface are obtained. Also, contours of velocity components, velocity vectors, pressure distribution in the domain, instantaneous streamlines and eddy viscosity are presented for different Reynolds numbers and aspect ratios. This monograph contains useful knowledge on CFD simulation and visualisation of flows. The target audience primarily comprises researchers who intend to enter this exciting field.


Târgu Mureș is recognized today as one of the most valuable theatre centres in Romania, and the audience from Târgu Mureș is demanding but also generous. The appearance of the Târgu Mureș theatre somewhat coincided with the appearance of the Theatre Institute after the Second World War. If at the beginning the plays were performed only in Hungarian, after 1962 the theatre became intercultural when the Romanian section of the State Theatre in Târgu Mureș was established. In the 1960s and 1970s, theatrical artistic education occupied a special place in the education system. The specialized department of the Institute, the Art of the Actor, which had the role of creating the artistic-professional education of the students, was made up entirely of "specialists from outside the school" – that is, of the qualified actors of the State Theatre of Târgu Mureș. In 1976, after 22 years in which Transylvania was bereft of the Romanian theatre school, the reorganization of the Institute took place by establishing the Romanian section, specializing in acting, in Târgu Mureș. The Theater Institute in Târgu Mureș is today a renowned higher education institution in the theatrical field in Romania and offers students the opportunity to develop as professionals in a creative and stimulating environment.


The present invention is to break the simple form of one column tower per uni-cross bridge pier pier of the existing construction of the extra-dose bridge, the technical technology of the creative column tower method and the two-column tower method of the two-column tower per pier direction considering the external aesthetics of the bridge Its purpose is to provide an extra-dose bridge and its construction method that meet the requirements of people, create visual pleasure and open molding beauty when driving a vehicle, and have no economical, structural efficiency and constructability. According to the present invention for achieving the above object, an extra-dose bridge includes: a pier supporting an upper portion; A head head fixed to the pier; A dweller in which a predetermined number of cantilever segments are continuously coupled to both sides of the head; Two main towers in the axial direction on the main head; A tie beam having a plurality of horizontally installed across the main tower and the main tower; One side is fixedly installed at the tie beam and is characterized in that it is composed of a yarn cable that is fixed to the cantilever segment. In addition, an extra-dose bridge construction method according to the present invention for achieving the above object comprises the steps of constructing the main head 1 on the pier 1, the main tower 1 on the main head 1 (S1); Hypothesizing the cantilever segment 1 from the lower part of the main tower 1 to both sides, fixing the yarn cable 1 between the main tower 1 and the cantilever segment 1, and tensioning the yarn cable 1 to a predetermined strength (S2); A step (S3) of constructing a side span on the side of the cantilever segment 1, constructing a main head 3 on the pier 3, and constructing a main tower 3 on the main head 3; Hypothesizing the cantilever segment 3 from the lower part of the main tower 3 to both sides, fixing the yarn cable 3 between the main tower 3 and the cantilever segment 3, and tensioning the yarn cable 3 to a predetermined strength (S4); Installing cantilever segments 2 from the lower part of the main tower 2 to both sides on the pier 2, fixing the yarn cable 2 between the main tower 2 and the cantilever segment 2, and tensioning the yarn cable 2 to a predetermined strength (S5). It is characterized by constructing an extra dose bridge by sequentially). Extra-dose bridge and its construction method


The introduction of Medicare in 1965 was the single largest change in health insurance coverage in U.S. history. Providing nearly universal public health insurance coverage for the elderly, it is currently one of the largest health insurance programs in the world. Its introduction had dramatic effects on health insurance coverage and health care utilization for the elderly (Benjamin Cook et al., 2005; Finkelstein, 2005). Since the introduction of Medicare, there has also been dramatic progress in the development of new pharmaceuticals. For example, Cutler and Srikanth Kadiyala (2003) estimate that the development of new pharmaceuticals was responsible for about one-third of the pronounced decline in cardiovascular disease mortality over the last half-century. Many economists have conjectured that Medicare provided part of the impetus for the development of new drugs, especially those most commonly used by the elderly (e.g., Cutler, 2004 and Frank Lichtenberg, 2004). There has been little systematic analysis of this hypothesis, however. An impact of Medicare on pharmaceutical innovation would be consistent with recent empirical evidence of induced innovation in pharmaceuticals more generally. Acemoglu and Linn (2004) and Finkelstein (2004), for example, find that increases in expected demand for certain types of pharmaceuticals are associated with increases in clinical trials and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for these products. For Medicare to induce innovation in new pharmaceuticals, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition is for it to have increased the demand for prescription drugs among the elderly. Although prior to 2006 Medicare did not cover prescription drugs, it may have indirectly increased demand for prescription drugs since it covered physician care, which may be highly complementary with prescription drug use. In addition, any increase in pharmaceutical demand among the elderly caused by Medicare would have to be large enough to induce technological change in this sector. In this paper, we investigate the effect of Medicare on the development of new pharmaceuticals for the elderly. Our strategy follows the logical steps laid out in the previous paragraph. Our reading of the evidence is that there is no compelling case that Medicare induced significant pharmaceutical innovation. We find no evidence that the introduction of Medicare is associated with an increase in drug consumption among the elderly. Consistent with this, we also find no evidence of an increase in the approval of new drugs more likely to treat diseases that affect the elderly, after Medicare's introduction.


Most people will agree that skiing down the Streif—one of the world's most dangerous alpine downhill ski slopes—at nearly 90 miles per hour is quite a risky business [...]


Objectives: Cardiovascular disorders are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Complementary medicine reduces the complications related to cardiovascular disorders while improving the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to review the effects of aromatherapy on cardiovascular disorders from the perspectives of Persian and modern medicine. Methods: In this review article, information related to Persian medicine was collected by searching through "Comprehensive Library of Traditional and Islamic Medicine" software (Noor Digital Library) using keywords such as "smelling", "sham", "lakhlakheh", "bakhoor", "heart", and "dill". Additionally, to find clinical trials (1994-2019) related to the effect of aromatherapy on cardiovascular disorders, electronic databases such as ISI, Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched using several keywords including "cardiovascular disorder", "heart," "coronary", "cardiovascular disease", "cardiac", "aroma", and "aromatherapy". Results: According to Persian medicine references, the heart is the most important organ and gives life to the whole body. Aromatherapy using odorous herbs such as rose, apple, quince, and saffron helps balance the heart temperament and improve cardiovascular disorders through their cardiotonic, anti-syncope, anti-depressant, and anti-arrhythmic properties. Conclusions: Based on Persian medicine references and recent findings in modern medicine, aromatherapy is an effective approach for relieving cardiovascular disorders. Considering these findings, it is suggested to include aromatherapy as a palliative measure for cardiovascular patients. It is also recommended that more clinical trials derived from Persian medicine references be conducted to value the effectiveness of aromatherapy for treating various cardiovascular ailments.


This paper offers a review of approaches to the automated creation of input data for building energy simulation. Such data may be obtained by translation of available data from architectural and HVAC models. However, a full energy performance model also requires missing data to be completed. Two criteria for the assessment of the reviewed methods were their level of automation and the completeness of the obtained models.


Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition on Fe-Mo-MgO catalyst, by using ethanol (C2H5OH) as a carbon source and argon (Ar) as a carrier gas. The Reaction conditions are important factors that influence the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature, synthesis time and flow rate of carrier gas were investigated to increase the yield of carbon nanotubes. We found that the best growth condition for CNT by this catalyst is the temperature of 850 °C and the flow rate of 100 ml /min for Ar.


This paper considers the assessment of the Danube water quality in accordance with the current law regulations in Serbia by applying the Serbian Water Quality Index (SWQI) method and Directive 75/440/EEC. Monitoring of the surface water quality is performed by the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia (RHSS) so data found in the period from 2005 to 2009 are used. Comparative analysis shows the incompatibility of classification parameters of the Danube water quality. Also, the knowledge of these regulations provides a better and more reliable monitoring of the surface water quality. The paper aims to show the preparations of Serbia for the European Union (EU) integration processes along with the challenges and difficulties in the process of implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (WFD).


Abstract Prior research has found that individual differences in long-lasting carryover effects occur in the kinesthetic aftereffect (KAE) task both when the after-effect inducing block was wider (I > T) and narrower (I T and I < T KAE variants used here.


Most security policies and mechanisms ure concerned with controlling the dissemination of information or assuring its integrit.v. System management policies emphusize allocating resourcesfairly. Combining techniques from security and management can allow us to develop countermeasures aguinst many of the network attucks on our systems. In particular, security policies and mechanisms need to be extended to manage resources quantitatively, as well as in a binary manner. The question is not whether access to service is allowed or not, but how to pruvide all the uuthorized services to the limit allowed by the cupucity of the system. This paper explores the idea of ullocating time-limited resources to deter or counter attucks that can cause the system to overload or crash. These overloads can cause not only loss of system availubility to legitimate, well-behaved users, but also loss of system integrity und information security.


Control effectiveness tests of reaction wheel actuators attached to a highly flexible grid are reported. Analytic determination of actuator control effectiveness is accomplished with finite-element modeling. Experimental determination is done with a least-square parameter identification algorithm that identifies the control coefficients of the second-order difference equation model of each vibration mode. The algorithm assumes a model with frequency and damping predetermined from free-decay tests for each mode. Accounting for the difference in forced and resonant frequency was necessary to produce control effectiveness estimates that are in reasonable agreement with the analytic predictions. The average error for control effectiveness coefficients greater than 5/sq sec was 6.384 percent.


Disparity estimation and occlusion detection is a crucial issue in stereoscopic and multi-view video processing. But accurate dense disparity fields and reliable occlusions are very difficult to obtain. In this paper, a novel scheme for disparity estimation and occlusion detection is proposed. The scheme selects variable line segment as feature primitive. The uniqueness constraint and ordering constraint are employed to enhance the accuracy of disparity estimation and the reliability of occlusion detection. The theorem of the new scheme is analyzed and experiments are implemented. Experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm can acquire reliable, sub-precise and dense disparity fields. The detected occlusions are reliable. Comparison results reveal that the proposed scheme is superior to other common algorithms


By fortunate coincidence the themes and issues in the majority of the papers in this issue have various relating factors. Govan's paper: &dquo;Preservation and resourcesharing : conflicting or complementary?&dquo; not only relates to practices that have been developed into a sophisticated collection of building management instrument as described in Stam's &dquo;Collaborative collection development:


Rabindranath Tagore, once extolled as the first Asian Nobel Prize laureate, has not been sufficiently understood in East Asia. His harsh criticism of nationalism failed to be accepted amongst East Asians who were ardently anticipating national liberation from the colonialism in the early 20th century. Yet, to Tagore, the anti-imperialism of colonial countries just a part of the Nation's formidable mechanism that tears apart social texture by distorting genuine human relations. Nationalism (1917), which consists of three speeches, and The Home and the World (1915), his eighth novel, reveal how the evil of nationalism grows inside the mind of the colonized while they resist imperialism. However, Tagore's strong disapproval of nationalism does not mean that he is pursuing utter nationalessness. He did not regard community as an ideal state of India's political entity. Rather, what he sought is true realization of the unity based on social regulation of differences. His ultimate goal is to re-territorialize the geographical territories with a collective spirit, which eventually can transfer a collective enmity against others into a great ability of sympathy toward them. Gora (1909), his sixth novel, delves into the root of man's unity by revealing the fluidity and mutuality of identities. A tricky question still remains: how do we reject nationalism and simultaneously seek unity? This is not just Tagore's aporia, but also a question that we need to confront today. Considering the fact that nationalist fervor among nation-states is growing increasingly fierce while each nation-state is divided into numerous sectors according to regional interest, social strata, political position, etc., Tagore's aporia might be a clue that changes our way of thinking about nationalism in East Asia, which seems to be in a deadlock.


A congenital malformation in lambs, characterized by deformities in the structure of the head and described as being cyclopian-type, has been reported.'" It has occurred in 1 to 25 per cent of the lambs in flocks that grazed on certain alpine meadows in south central and southwestern Idaho during the breeding season. The deformities are confined primarily to the head; however, abnormal development of one or more of the legs and enlarged edematous testis and ovaries are noted occasionally. The changes in the head consist of distortion or absence of some bones of the face, cyclopian deformity of the eyes, cebocephalus, microphthalmia, and anophthalmia, all with fusion of the cerebral hemispheres, absence or displacement of the pituitary, and hydrocephalus. A prolonged period of gestation frequently occurs with all the fetuses being severely deformed lambs which grow to an abnormal size (FIGURES 1-3). The leg deformities consist of overextension of the pastern joints in the fetuses which undergo prolonged gestation. Occasionally, an extra claw is present on one or more of the feet of the affected lambs. Experimental evidence has shown that the congenital anomaly is not hereditary in origin. It can be caused in lambs by feeding ewes Veratrum californicum between the 10th and 15th day of their gestation (FIGURES 4 and 5). Maternal ingestion of the plant during the first 10 days of gestation has no effect on the developing embryo. Continuous daily feeding beyond the 15th day of gestation, however, caused an increase in the number of fetal deaths. All fetuses obtained following fetal death have been severely deformed. Extracts of the plant are being studied in cooperation with Richard F. Keeler of the National Animal Disease Laboratory of the Agricultural Research Service, Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division, Ames, Iowa, to determine the teratogenic agent, but to date no specific etiological agent/ agents has been incriminated. V . californicum, commonly called western hellebore, false hellebore, wild corn, or skunk cabbage, is a showy perennial. It ranges from three to eight feet in height and grows in the 11 far western states of the United States. Eight valid species of veratrum occur in North America. Four of the eight are exclusively western species. The genus is also present in Europe and Asia. The veratrum plants are in the lily family (Lileaceae), and many of the species in this family are known to be poisonous to livestock because of the presence of alkaloids. Rhizomes of V . viride, eastern American species, and V . album, European species, have been shown to contain a number of specific alkaloids, including: cevadine, jirvine, veratrine, protoveratrine, veratridine, and others. Some of these have been used in human medicine for the treatment of hypertensive states of human pregnancy and eclampsia. The main action of the derived drugs was to decrease the heart rate and lower blood pressure. Chemical analysis and animal feeding experiments have indicated that similar properties may be present in V . californicum. In the western states the plant occurs exclusively in mountain regions in wet seepage meadows and mountain slopes. It grows in small irregular clumps which


Many studies have shown that the increased atmospheric concentration of pollutants has an intensified health risk on lung-, heart- and cardiovascular disease sufferers, as well as the increasing willingness of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the monitoring of the air pollutants is particularly important. The goal of the recent study was to show a complex picture about Veszprem county's air quality situation and to discover the relationships between the selected air pollutants (PM10, CO, NO2, SO2, O3) concentration and the picked health diseases (cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic lower respiratory diseases). Ambient air pollution and hospital admission data for the research were obtained for 2005–2013. According to the calculations; it was found that there was a moderate relation between the air pollutants concentrations and the health diseases.


1.2 The Scottish Government (SG) developed its paper: A Healthier Future – Scotland's Diet and Healthy Weight Delivery Plan taking evidence and recommendations from FSS into account. In particular, this included actions to change the Out of Home (OOH) environment. SG agreed that FSS should consult on and develop an OOH strategy for Scotland with the aim of improving public health through reduced calorie intake and progress towards Scottish Dietary Goals (SDG).


Current state of agricultural market of Ukraine is analyzed at these paper. Dependence of this market on state regulation of external economic activity of Ukraine is determined. It is investigated, under what conditions of state regulation, market of agrarian products of Ukraine can develop. Also, it is singled out factors of state regulation of external trade of Ukraine, which adversely affects on development of agrarian market. Strategic directions of development of Ukraine agricultural market is examined in current paper by author. With what problems participants of this market are faced during process of output of their own product to foreign markets, is considered. Also, how the state can regulate the problematic issues in current field, is mentioned in the scientific paper. Directions for improvement of state regulation of external economic activity in the market of agrarian products of Ukraine is proposed by author in this article. Ways of improving export and import policy of Ukraine for agricultural products in modern conditions are presented. In the article directions of formation of optimal structure of foreign trade in the agroindustrial complex of Ukraine are considered. The means of improving the export-import policy for agricultural products are presented.


Based on first-hand materials, this article mainly focuses on Hermann Weyl's systematical elucidation and significant generalization about Riemann geometry during the year 1917—1923, including the intrinsic definition of affine connection, the foundation of purely infinitesimal geometry, the introduction of projective and conformal structure, and group analysis of the nature of metric space. Partly because Weyl's generalization did not enter into modern nomenclature of differential geometry, Weyl's contribution has almost been buried in oblivion. But the author argues that Weyl's work in this field is not only an important historical linkage from Riemann geometry to fiber bundle but also a main incentive for his research diversion from analysis to Lie group.


Objective:To enhance the knowledge of pulmonary actinomycosis during clinical practice,not to bemisdiagnosed.Methods:The clinical data of 20 patients with pulmonary actinomycosis were analyzed and related literatureswere reviewed.Results:All of the patients had pro ductive cough,PA has no specific clinical imageology manifestations.The patientswere good responsive to penicillin and surgery.Conclusion:PA has no specific clinical manifestations and sign,it is easily misdiagnosed.Histological examination ismore valuable for establishment of diagnosis1.Penicillin is the most commonly used empirical treatment and surgeryoften takes an importantpossession.


Disturbances to ecosystems are often considered in terms of their potential to disrupt the feedbacks maintaining a particular ecosystem regime. The likelihood of doing so, however, will be dependent on the nature of the regime and its resilience to disturbance. Within coral reef ecosystems, shifts from coral‐ to macroalgal dominance are becoming increasingly common and, once established, are difficult to reverse. Most studies to date have focused on the biological removal of macroalgae by herbivores, however, none have considered the resilience of macroalgal beds to physical removal by storms. We simulated the physical removal of macroalgal biomass from Sargassum beds on an inshore coral reef on Australia's Great Barrier Reef, and monitored recovery for 11 months. Trimming Sargassum biomass but leaving the holdfast intact had no detectable effect on the density, height or biomass of Sargassum compared to adjacent intact, or control, areas after 5 months. In areas where holdfasts were also removed, Sargassum biomass recovered to 50% of control biomass after 11 months. Given the importance of holdfasts to the resilience of Sargassum beds, we also investigated the ability of herbivores to remove and/or damage holdfasts. Exposing pieces of dead coral with attached Sargassum holdfasts to local herbivore assemblages resulted in a 70% decline in the number of holdfasts over 4 months compared to those protected from herbivores. Synthesis. Beds of Sargassum are extremely resilient to the physical removal of algal biomass, and as such, storms alone are unlikely to lead to permanent reductions in Sargassum abundance. Persistent reductions in the abundance of macroalgae on degraded coral reefs will not only require the physical or biological removal of algal biomass, but critically, sufficient densities of herbivores capable of removing holdfasts.


This paper presents a design of simulation software developed in MATLAB environment and within a Graphical User Interface (GUI) framework for performance and economical assessment of Distributed Renewable Energy Systems as they get integrated in the utility power grid system. The simulation system design presented in this paper aims at providing technical support to the evolving systems of integrating the renewable energy resources of PV and WT at the Residential, Commercial and Industrial electric load levels. The system considered is based on a typical integrated configuration. Such a system combines a grid-connected, battery-based PV and/or WT integrated system, and operates on a concept of storing energy in the batteries when the utility rate is low and using this power locally when the rate is high. The model used in the simulation system includes the techniques developed to optimize the photovoltaic (PV) power and wind energy generation as well as to maintain proper operation with grid system. It also provides an economical feasibility assessment of the renewable resources to be used. The simulation software development uses MATLAB environment, which provides a graphics tool called as Graphical User Interface Design Environment (GUIDE). Using the GUIDE, a GUI panel has been designed and incorporated in an executable program that provides effective and easy graphical interactions to users to access the powerful mathematical simulation models used for different system components.


This Article argues that legal protections for minority investors in close corporations should be interpreted as default rules. Currently, such protections are mandatory and thus impose on investors a uniform norm of conduct that restricts their freedom to bargain. Courts and scholars advocating such protections have so far been unwilling to permit their waiver primarily because of the difficulty of distinguishing between a knowledgeable waiver and an ignorant omission. A price-based approach solves that puzzle, however, by using the consideration paid by investors to illuminate their intentions. By permitting waiver only where there is clear evidence that the minority received a discounted purchase price, such an approach avoids the risk inherent in a system that treats legal protections as mere default rules: that an ignorant minority will be taken advantage of as a result of accidental waiver. Whether or not the investor was truly ignorant, there can be no injustice if she was adequately compensated for the risk of opportunistic behavior by her fellow shareholders. A price-based approach therefore provides knowledgeable parties with the ability to bargain over their preferred allocation of control while retaining legal protections for unsophisticated investors who fail to do so.


Very accurate Stark effect measurements were made on rotational transitions of nitrous oxide and propyne‐d3. Measurements were made with a microwave spectrometer incorporating a special parallel‐plate absorption cell capable of sustaining large magnitude electric fields and of producing very homogeneous fields in the absorption region. Analysis of the data gives an electric polarizability anisotropy of 3.222 ± 0.046 A3 for nitrous oxide and of 2.7 ± 0.6 A3 for propyne‐d3. The dipole moment of nitrous oxide was determined to be 0.160830 ± 0.000016 D. For propyne‐d3, there is evidence for a K dependence of the dipole moment. The determined values for the J = 3 → 4 transition are 0.78780 ± 0.00013 D (K = 0), 0.78765 ± 0.00021 D (K = 2), and 0.78741 ± 0.00014 D (K = 3). Stark effect data reported previously for OCS were reanalyzed using a refined method of statistical analysis and the new molecular beam value for the OCS dipole moment to determine the revised OCS polarizability anisotropy of 4.67 ± 0.16 A3. I...


FIELD: physics, computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to presentation of a menu or toolbar options in a graphical user interface. In particular, the invention relates to presentation of multiple options viewed by scrolling through a certain position which provides selection of options. The method of providing access to a graphical user interface (GUI) comprises steps of providing access to a display area for displaying a plurality of menu items in a certain sequence and providing access to a selection pointer having a geometric figure for indicating the possibility of selecting a menu item, where the geometric figure is separated from the plurality of menu items, wherein scrolling the plurality of menu items through the selection indicator can be performed on a continuous path, and the display area is further intended for receiving input for (i) scrolling a plurality of menu items through the selection indicator on a continuous path according to a certain sequence and (ii) selecting a certain menu item when displaying the menu item in the selection indicator. EFFECT: displaying a toolbar which does not occupy considerable space on the screen while keeping the options at a visually recognizable size. 24 cl, 24 dwg


Satellite data transmission problem(SDTP) is a kind of combined optimization problem with complicated constraints,and a velocity controllable particle swarm optimization(VCPSO) is proposed for this problem.In order to overcome the local convergence of particle swarm optimization(PSO),velocity direction controllable regulation and velocity scale controllable regulation are introduced to increase the population diversity.The velocity iterative strategy in PSO is improved based on the two regulations,which can adaptively change the attractive and repulsive processes,and keep the convergence speed during population iterating.Coding and decoding operation are designed,and the existence of optimization under this coding is proved.Simulation results demonstrate that VCPSO can solve the SDTP efficiently.The effect of the parameters selection on scheduling result also is analyzed.


BACKGROUND
Birth asphyxia, when a baby does not breathe at birth, is estimated to account for 23% of the approximately four million neonatal deaths that occur annually. Correct use of neonatal resuscitators is critical to lower neonatal mortality rates due to birth asphyxia.

METHODS
In order to understand the context of use of resuscitators including use scenarios, training, device readiness and design features and preferences, PATH conducted an anonymous web-based survey among neonatal health experts. Twenty-eight percent (22/80) of experts completed the survey.

RESULTS
In general, the bag and mask devices were used by more practitioners and in more places than the tube and mask design; the tube and mask device was not well known. Features of the bag and mask device that mattered most were ease of use, mask size and device function. Features of the tube and mask device that mattered most were ease of use and availability. Device readiness at delivery and use of devices after long periods of inactivity were also concerns.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a clear preference for the bag and mask device over the tube and mask device due to its ease of use. Programmatic implications include the need to improve health workers' confidence in the ability of the device to be cleaned and to remain in safe working order over time. These issues should be reviewed during periodic refresher training courses.


This article is written on the theme: " applying multimedical technologies in teaching foreign students the Russian language " , devoted to the problems of using a computer and various computer technologies. This development will be useful for foreign language teachers as well as students. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the use of advanced information technologies in the Russian language lessons increases motivation and cognitive activity of students, it allows to apply student-centered interactive educational technology helps overcome the psychological barrier in the use of a foreign language as a means of communication, makes possible to avoid subjective assessment and increases the effectiveness of training and quality of education . In the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language are used a variety of digital multimedia educational resources , and aim to motivate students to successful results .


Maize ( Zea mays L.) breeders in the West and Central Africa have developed and commercialized extra-early and early-maturing maize hybrids, which combine high yield potentials with tolerance/resistance to drought, low soil-N and Striga infestation. Hybrids of both maturity groups have not been investigated for tolerance to high plant density and N application and are new to the farmers; thus, the urgent need to recommend appropriate agronomic practices for these hybrids. We investigated the responses of four hybrids, belonging to the extra-early and early-maturity groups, to three plant densities and three N rates in five locations of different agroecologies. The early-maturing hybrids consistently out-yielded the extra-early maturing hybrids in all the five agroecologies. The hybrids showed no response to N-fertilizer application above 90 kg ha−1. All interactions involving N had no significant effect on grain yield and other measured agronomic traits except in few cases. The extra-early and early-maturing hybrids had similar response to plant density; their grain yield decreased as density increased. Contrarily, flowering was delayed and expression of some other agronomic traits such as plant and ear aspects were negatively impacted by increased density. Optimal yield for hybrids of both maturity groups was obtained at approximately 90 kg N ha−1 and 66,666 plants ha−1. Most of the measured traits indicated high repeatability estimates across the N levels, densities and environments. Evidently, the hybrids were intolerant of elevated density. It therefore, becomes necessary to improve maize germplasms for high plant density tolerance in the region.


A new 1:1 drug–drug cocrystal of temozolomide and hesperetin was successfully prepared by liquid-assisted grinding, slurry conversion crystallization, and evaporation crystallization. The obtained ...


Does combining ibuprofen with caffeine have advantages over ibuprofen alone in the treatment of acute pain? A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study compared efficacy, safety and tolerability of an ibuprofen + caffeine combination with that of the separate substances or placebo in acute, moderate to severe pain. The combination was superior to all the other treatments in relation to pain relief over 8 hours, onset of action, responder rate and the ingestion of a rescue (escape) analgesic; safety and tolerability were demonstrated. Thus the combination of ibuprofen and caffeine is a superior treatment option compared with ibuprofen alone for the treatment of acute pain.


Wugong Mountain thermal dome,which took the Caledonian composite granite as the center,NanhuaCambrian System formed metamorphic mineral zoning by regional metamorphism,and distributed surrounding rock mass,ductile-brittle fracture system formed outer rim since Mesozoic,which combined to form the domal structure.In the orogenic forepart(463.2±2.3Ma),the initial remelted magma and deep metamorphic rock formed tonalitic hybrid magma in situ,with the ascent of magma,silicon and aluminum components increases the acidity,transits to granodiorite magma,and generates mixed rock in rock mass edge.In the late orogenic stage(409.4±5.1Ma),evolved into normal granite,constituted the homologous magma composition evolution sequence,and accompanied obvious tectonic stress deformation.Compound superposition of extend magmatic action in Mesozoic,further strengthen the tectonic background of thermal dome,and fixed basic shape roughly at the end of Early Cretaceous.


PART I INTRODUCTION 1. Intellectual property law: an introduction PART II COPYRIGHT 2. Copyright 1: history, rationale and subject-matter 3. Copyright 2: first ownership, moral rights and term 4. Copyright 3: economic rights and infringement 5. Copyright 4: exceptions, technical protection measure, and contracts 6. Rights akin to copyright: database and performers' rights 7. Contemporary issues in copyright PART III DESIGN PROTECTION 8. Registered designs 9. Un-registered designs PART IV PATENTS 10. Patent regimes and the application process 11. Patentability and infringement 12. Contemporary issues in patent law PART V REGISTERED TRADE MARKS 13. The function of a trade mark and the national, community and international regime 14. Definition of a trade mark and registration 15. Relative ground for refusing registration, infringement and defences 16. Contemporary issues in trade mark law PART VI COMMON LAW PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 17. Passing off 18. Breach of Confidence PART VII THE EUROPEAN DIMENSION 19. Free movement of goods and intellectual property rights 20. Intellectual property rights and EU competition law PART VIII EXPLOITATION, ENFORCEMENT, REMEDIES AND CROSS BORDER LITIGATION 21. Exploitation of intellectual property rights, enforcement and remedies 22. Intellectual property and international private law


It is of great significance for China's Supreme Court to take back the review power of death penalty but there are defects about related systems in the trial procedure of death penalty.To perfect the related systems would be propitious to try death penalty cases,carry out the policy on "sentencing or executing death penalty less and carefully",and ensure human rights. The measures include imprisoning the accused together,expansion of collegiate bench trial,implementation of absolute adoption principle of collegiate bench,improvement of the second trial and trial period of the review procedure.


We present the segmentation of the foreground objects and the identification of the individual objects in the cigarette tin package, so the information will be used for the classification of the acceptable cases or defective cases. Visual inspection and classification of cigarette tin package are very important in manufacturing cigarette products that require high quality package. For the accurate automated inspection and classification, computer vision has been deployed widely in manufacturing. This paper concerned with the problem of identifying the individual cigarette in the tin packing using the image processing and morphology operations. The identified objects can be used for developing a defect finding system in the cigarette packing industries. The approach has two steps: (i) colour-based segmentation of the region of interests, (ii) identifying of individual object. The segmentation performance was evaluated on 18 images including the good cases and the defective cases.


The relevance of the proposed topic is reflected in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1030 dated August 28, 2017 «On the Management system for the implementation of the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation program». The development of digital centers, as well as the harmonization of IT standards with standards in such areas as manufacturing enterprises, information security, the introduction of information technologies, etc.).


This empirical study examines the service quality perceptions of customers of the leading bank in the Serbian market. The survey was conducted by using the widely used SERVQUAL measurement tool. Moreover, comparison between SERVQUAL findings and customer satisfaction surveys was conducted along with an attempt to prove correlation between customers' perceptions regarding service quality. Findings revealed gaps between expectations and perceptions among customers of the case-in-study bank which implies that there are service quality shortfalls that need to be taken care off. The absence of scientific work related to service quality measurement using SERVQUAL method in the Serbian banking market, makes this work regarded as pioneering. Although SERVQUAL instrument exhibited several disadvantages in comparison to customer satisfaction surveys, the recommendation is not to abandon SERVQUAL measurements but to remove limitations and adapt it to better correspond to each case.


This article exposes the results of an investigation whose objective was to characterize the development of critical thinking in a group of middle school students in an institution of Bogota-Colombia whose curriculum proposal is guided by precepts of Popular Education. This characterization was based on the research model proposed by Paulo Freire. The methodology was critic-qualitative and included gathering information through field diary and written and audio records made with students. The results and analysis evince improvement in recognizing the student's context; furthermore, the proper contests of the area Natural Sciences through the thematic research and generators topics proposed by Freire, and through which valuable items are recognized in the construction of empowered subjects of their educational process, and the dynamics of their community from the scientific explanation of the phenomena of their environment


Summary Extremely large datasets are impossible or very difficult for humans to comprehend by standard mental approaches. Intuitive visualization of genetic variants in genomic sequencing data could help in the review and confirmation process of variants called by automated variant calling programs. To help facilitate interpretation of genetic variant next-generation sequencing (NGS) data we developed VisVariant, a customizable visualization tool that creates a figure showing the overlapping sequence information of thousands of individual reads including the variant and flanking regions. Availability and implementation Detailed information on how to download, install and run VisVariant together with an example is available on our github website [https://github.com/hugging-biorxiv/visvariant].


scholarship. New to this volume are chapters on "The Government of the Fiefs," on "Rural Life" (including sections on transportation and capital growth), and on the condition of the domains at the end of the Tokugawa period. These additions, however, have crowded out other subjects which he treated so well in his other volumes: for instance, the intellectual and cultural features of the period (the new chapter on "Genroku" is limited to a bare three pages), and the politics and intellectual ferment of the ba\umatsu years (reduced to forty pages in the new work). Thus, as with the other two volumes in the trilogy, one must keep Sansom's previous writings in mind as he reads the latest volume. For it is the composite of such writings which demonstrates the full measure of his understanding of the Tokugawa period.


Cap for a semiconductor device package according to the present invention, the body of a predetermined thickness having a cavity; A first seed layer from the cavity-forming surface of the substrate formed in the inner peripheral surface of the first via hole formed to a predetermined depth; A second seed layer formed on the inner peripheral surface of the second via hole from the opposite cavity surface of the substrate is formed to a predetermined depth; And the plated material filled in the first via hole and the second via hole; and characterized in that it comprises a. Semiconductor device, package, cap, seed and adhesive layers, via holes, through-hole plating, the cavity


Supply Chain Management (SCM), a corporate strategy approach to materials and distribution management, has been evolving over the last decades from traditional marketing and production functions. The purpose of the study is to explore the bibliometric data of Supply Chain Management and its advancements. Besides, it describes from the origins of traditional SCM to the progress of modern SCM 4.0, with reference to the benefits, function, importance and limitations of all five branches of SCM. The methodology includes a detailed and systematic review of scientific articles published in Scopus indexed journals. The data were obtained from the Scopus database between 1990 and 2021 in order to achieve the study's desired outcome. Boolean operators and filtering were applied to obtain relevant data. In addition, VOSviewer software is used to visually classify and analyse bibliometric data distribution and network using cluster maps. The study's findings were divided into three main categories: publication period, coauthorship and citations, with the results demonstrating the diverse needs of SCM in the globalised digital era. Further, the results emphasise that SCM and its advancements have unique merits around the world, but Sustainable SCM and SCM 4.0 remain the most popular as they play a vital role in changing environmental concerns. In addition, the findings reveal that the visualization networks of each category exhibit the strengths and connections of publications. These visualization networks, followed by their analysis, explain the new insight to the present research. This research also paves the way for future research into the evolving trends of SCM in today's technologically advanced world.


Geminate thermal stability with optical characteristics is a moving forward achievement in the preparation of polybutadiene-based polyurea nanocomposites. In this regard, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots were synthesized from a one-pot hydrothermal reaction of citric acid with urea in an aqueous solution. An in situ polymerization approach was used for the synthesis of polyurea from the reaction of telechelic amine functionalized polybutadiene and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of the DBTDL catalyst. Nanocomposites were prepared using 1–3 weight percent of graphene N-quantum dot nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. 1H-NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques elaborated successful synthesis of primary polymer binder, polyurea and nanocomposites. Thermal degradation and characteristics were investigated using the TGA/DTG and DSC methods; lower degradation rates with progressed thermal stabilities as well as proportionate thermal characteristics with wider thermal service range were obtained especially in 3 wt% nanocomposite. Optical behavior information of samples was studied using UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometers. EDX, SEM, and AFM techniques confirmed successful nanoparticle and nanocomposite synthesis with improved morphologic and topographic properties.


To systematically review reasons for the willingness to participate in biomedical human subjects research in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).


Effects of phosphorus and cadmium interaction on the growth of rice in paddy soils by pot trials were studied.The results showed that P can alleviate the toxicity of cadmium to rice and improve biomass of rice.Under the same cadmium contennt,with P concentration increasing,cadmium content in rice roots,stems and leaves and brown rice can decrease.When P content was 450 mg·kg-1,the effect was the best.Cadmium in plants was mainly concentrated in roots,secondly was stem department.In addition,the cadmium content in plant and soil environmental cadmium concentration have significantly positive correlation.


. Suharja, Sutarno. 2009. Biomass, chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaves of two chili pepper varieties ( Capsicum annum ) in different fertilization treatments . Nusantara Bioscience 1: 9-16. This study aims to determine the influence of various fertilization treatments on biomass, chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaves from two varieties of chili, Sakti (large chili) and Fantastic (curly chili). The study was conducted in the village of Gatak, Karangnongko sub-district, Klaten District, Central Java in September 2006 to March 2007. The study used a complete block design with two factorial of chili varieties and fertilizer treatment. Fertilization treatments includes no fertilizer (control) (P1); manure 2 kg/plant (P2), manure (1 kg/plant) + chemical fertilizer (ZA, SP-36, KCl = 2: 1: 1) + NPK (P3); and manure (1 kg/plant) + chemical fertilizer (SP-36: KCl = 1:1) + liquid organic fertilizer (P4). Chlorophyll content was measured refers to Harborne (1987), whereas leaf nitrogen concentration was measured with Kjeldahl method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT. The results showed that on the Fantastic chili fertilizer treatment affected the biomass and chlorophyll a , but gave no effect on chlorophyll b , total chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen. On the curly chili fertilizer treatment effected plant fresh weight, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, but gave no effect on dry weight, fresh fruit weight, chlorophyll b and leaf nitrogen. It is, therefore, recommended to use the formulation of manure + chemical fertilizer (SP-36: KCl = 1: 1) + liquid organic fertilizer in the cultivation of chili.


We report a new mechanism for the \textsl{s} in rotating massive metal-poor stars. Our models show that above a critical rotation speed, such stars evolve in a quasi-chemically-homogeneous fashion, which gives rise to a prolific \textsl{s}-process. Rotation-induced mixing results in primary production of $^{13}$C, which subsequently makes neutrons via $^{13}\mathrm{C}(\alpha,\mathrm{n})^{16}\mathrm{O}$ during core He burning. Neutron capture can last up to $\sim 10^{13}\,\mathrm{s}$ ($\sim 3\times 10^{5}$~yr) with the peak central neutron density ranging from $\sim10^7$ to $10^{8}\,\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$. Depending on the rotation speed and the mass loss rate, a strong \textsl{s} can occur with production of elements up to Bi for progenitors with initial metallicities of $[Z]\lesssim -1.5$. This result suggests that rapidly-rotating massive metal-poor stars are likely the first site for the main \textsl{s}-process. We find that these stars can potentially explain the early onset of the \textsl{s}-process and some of the carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP-\textsl{s} and CEMP-\textsl{r/s}) stars with strong enrichment attributed to the \textsl{s} or a mixture of the \textsl{r}-process and the \textsl{s}-process.


The field oriented controlled Brushless dc (BLDC) motor resembles the dynamic characteristics of a fully compensated DC motor, The torque developed from such drives is directly proportional to the armature current and hence a super dynamic performance is achieved. This paper presents a new and simple technique of field orientation in BLDC motor drives. This technique relies upon adding an extra control loop to the ordinary voltage source inverter fed BLDC drives and allows the drive to develop maximum torque per ampere at any loading condition. The implementation of this control loop is quite simple and does not complicate the overall drive circuitry. speed range, and fi-equent maintenance requirements, particularly due to brushes and commutators. Need to find alternatives of using dc motors in the modern drive system has been advocated over many years. Recent developments in microprocessors, magnetic materials, and semiconductor technology have offered an excellent opportunity to use ac motors in high performance drive systems. Among the various types of ac motors, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is becomimz a verv uomdar choice in drive technolozv over the


Measurements have been made to determine the scattered radiation to be expected from typical multicurie Cs13' installations. For the cesium pellet sources investigated the scattered intensity ranged from 12 to 21 per cent of the total incident radiation intensity. The source capsule is responsible for scattered intensity of about 8 per cent with the source material contributing the bulk of the balance. The source material scatter, for a source diameter of 3.6 cm, is about 5 per cent per centimeter for source thicknesses of up to about 1.5 cm. INTRODUCTION A RECENT investigation ofthe scattered radiation from multicurie Co60 sources(1) has evoked widespread interest and has indicated the desirability of obtaining similar data for large Cs13' sources. As pointed out in the paper on Co60 scattering, y-ray photons having energies less than that of the emitted photons are present in the beam because of the energy degradation resulting from Compton scattering in the source material and surrounding material. Though this investigation is based on a source and geometry that approximate that of the 2000-c C P 7 installation at the National Bureau of Standards, it goes beyond this in determining the effect of both thicker and thinner sources, of the source capsule, and of the head and collimator. EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT The experimental arrangement is shown in Fig. 1 and is identical to that used in the cobalt experiment.(I) A scintillation spectrometer, with a 5-in. photomultiplier (CBS type 7819) and a 5-in. dia. by 4-in. long thallium activated sodium iodide crystal, was used to determine the energy spectra which were accumulated in a 256-channel pulse-height analyzer. The crystalphotomultiplier-preamplifier assembly was shielded by 4-6 in. of lead. SOURCES The various sources used are shown in Fig. 2. The Z source is an evaporation of activated cesium chloride of approximately 0.1 mc sandwiched between layers of scotch tape and is considered to be a "zero-scatter" (Z for zero) source. This size source gave a convenient counting rate of 15,000-18,000 min and permitted accumulation of a statistically satisfactory spectrum in 50 min. The ZL source is the Z source inserted in the capsule of Fig. 3 and backed by a lead plug as shown in Fig. 2. The remaining sources simulate activitated cesium chloride sources and contain pellets of inactive cesium chloride inserted in the capsule with the 2 source situated at the center of the pellet stack." The pellets, which were obtained from the Isotopes Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, were ' 3.63 cm dia. by 0.455 cm thick and had a density of 2.90. The source designations will be clarified by noting that the thickness of the CsCl pellets in the 0.89L source totals 0.89 cm and that the pellets are backed by a lead plug (L) . Similarly, * An indication of the approximation involved in using a sandwiched source instead of a distributed source is obtained by noting that the total number of singly scattered photons resulting from axially emitted quanta from the 2.67 source is calculated to be 1.04 times as great as would be the case for a continuously distributed source of the same total activity. This ratio is determined by evaluating the expression 1,[1 e-i-H(dp)pZoJ [I ~ ( S / P ) P ' O ] ~ ~ l where p/p is the mass absorption coefficient (0.065 for 662 keV) and pl,, is the source thickness in g/cm2 (2.90 x 2.67).


This proposal was written by Wesley Fryer in Spring 2001 for the Lubbock ISD Technology Committee, with input from other teachers and technologists in the district.


The present invention discloses a vehicle notification sound emitting device, which is substantially provided with a sound emitting means (1, 11) and a notification sound control means (12). Sound emitting means (1, 11) configured to emit to the outside of the vehicle moving notification sound to inform the area around a person in the vehicle the vehicle to be moved. Notification sound control means (12) is configured to occur in response to a vehicle operating condition to the sound emitting means (1, 11). The notification sound frequency control means (12) to the sound emitting means (1, 11) moves to notification sound is set in a range of 6kHz to 1.5kHz.


Abstract A variety of turbines are used routinely in power generation: steam turbines, water turbines and combustion/gas turbines. Many vendors provide remote turbine monitoring and management services. However, Advanced Persistent Threats routinely penetrate firewalls and so put the safety and availability of turbine control systems at risk. Increasingly, operations teams are turning to Unidirectional Security Gateways as a hardware/software solution which facilitates remote turbine monitoring and management, without incurring the risks associated with firewalls. This article reviews conventional remote turbine monitoring, introduces Advanced Persistent Threats, introduces Unidirectional Security Gateways, and shows how to apply the gateways to securely monitor and manage turbines remotely. Introduction A variety of turbines are used routinely in power generation: steam turbines, water turbines and combustion/gas turbines. Wind turbines are used as well, but tend to be smaller than conventional steam, water and gas turbines. Regular monitoring, early intervention and comparatively small adjustments can often prevent costly, catastrophic failures which require the replacement of entire turbines. Many vendors provide remote turbine monitoring and management services. Remote access to the turbines for this purpose is generally accomplished through conventional firewalls, often with Virtual Private Network (VPN) and other additional security measures enabled in the firewalls. A conventional remote access mechanism for turbine monitoring and management is illustrated in Figure (1). Advanced Protection for Advanced Threats: Securing Turbine Management Connections


Mentally retarded children often evidence more severe educational and behavioral disturbances than visuomotor disturbances, such as performing copying and drawing tasks. Visuomotor performance is usually evaluated with paper and pencil tests, but reproduction of patterns by walking has proved a useful technique for evaluation of this ability (Keogh and Keogh, 1967). This study compared the performance of mentally retarded boys on traditional copying and drawing tasks and reproduction of designs by walking.


ABSTRACT Electron beam deposition is a process that involves the use of an electron beam as a source of energy and wire as a raw material for the fabrication of metal products with complex shape in a vacuum and is part of the promising additive technologies group. In this paper a methodology for determining the electron-beam deposition regimes of a wire by the example of corrosion-resistant austenitic steel ANSI 316L is proposed. The proposed calculation methodology connects the main parameters of the process: the electron beam current, the addition wire feed rate, the movement speed of the electron gun and the dimensions of the deposited rollers. The investigation results of the microstructure and properties of the deposited metal are presented. Examples of the obtained cylindrical and conical products are adduced.


Two landmark results in combinatorial random matrix theory, due to Koml\'os and Costello-Tao-Vu, show that discrete random matrices and symmetric discrete random matrices are typically nonsingular. In particular, in the language of graph theory, when $p$ is a fixed constant, the biadjacency matrix of a random Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi bipartite graph $\mathbb{G}(n,n,p)$ and the adjacency matrix of an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph $\mathbb{G}(n,p)$ are both nonsingular with high probability. However, very sparse random graphs (i.e., where $p$ is allowed to decay rapidly with $n$) are typically singular, due to the presence of"local"dependencies such as isolated vertices and pairs of degree-1 vertices with the same neighbour. In this paper we give a combinatorial description of the rank of a sparse random graph $\mathbb{G}(n,n,c/n)$ or $\mathbb{G}(n,c/n)$ in terms of such local dependencies, for all constants $c\ne e$ (and we present some evidence that the situation is very different for $c=e$). This gives an essentially complete answer to a question raised by Vu at the 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians. As applications of our main theorem and its proof, we also determine the asymptotic singularity probability of the 2-core of a sparse random graph, we show that the rank of a sparse random graph is extremely well-approximated by its matching number, and we deduce a central limit theorem for the rank of $\mathbb{G}(n,c/n)$.


The paper describes a system for performing algorithm-to-architecture mapping for parallel processing algorithms. The algorithm-to-architecture mapping system is based on graph matching of dependency graphs, in order to recognize the data dependency structure of a new algorithm as an instance of a dependency structure for which an algorithm-to-architecture mapping is already known. The paper presents an approach using hypergraphs to simplify the dependency graph matching process.<<ETX>>


This chapter presents the development of technology-assisted problem solving (TAPS) packages at University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN). This project is the further work of the development of interactive multimedia-based packages targeted for students having problems in understanding the subject of engineering mechanics dynamics. One facet of the project is the development of engineering mechanics dynamics problems for core undergraduate engineering courses. This chapter discusses the development of an interactive multimedia environment for solving relative motion of a rigid body using rotating axes. More specifically this chapter outlines the framework used to develop the multimedia package, highlighting our multimedia design process and philosophy.


In recent years, the l1,p-regularizer has been widely used to induce structured sparsity in the solutions to various optimization problems. Currently, such l1,p-regularized problems are typically solved by first-order methods. Motivated by the desire to analyze the convergence rates of these methods, we show that for a large class of l1,p-regularized problems, an error bound condition is satisfied when p e 2 [1, 2] or p = ∞ but fails to hold for any p e (2, ∞). Based on this result, we show that many first-order methods enjoy an asymptotic linear rate of convergence when applied to l1,p-regularized linear or logistic regression with p e [1, 2] or p = ∞. By contrast, numerical experiments suggest that for the same class of problems with p e (2, ∞), the aforementioned methods may not converge linearly.


Currently, it is important to monitor multivariate data in a timely manner. The spatial–rank–based multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart (SREWMA) has better relative performance for multivariate data monitoring when the underlying distribution is non–normal. However, with the increasing amount of data, the computation requires increasing system memory. Thus, the running speed of the computer and monitoring efficiency of the SREWMA control chart are reduced. Regarding this issue, this paper provides the concept of storage space and adding storage space to the proposed SREWMA control chart. When the observations in storage space reach a fixed number of spatial-rank calculations, the computer begins to control the amount of calculations and memory. The SREWMA with storage space control chart greatly improves the running speed of the SREWMA control chart and is robust for various distributions. Finally, a real-data example from banknote authentication is provided to illustrate the proposed method.


According to δ13CCO2 and 3He/4He,CO2 could be classified into three types(or four sub-types) including crustal origin(organic and inorganic),crust-mantle origin and volcano-mantle origin.Crustal and crust-mantle CO2 is mostly distributed in different horizontal blocks and different vertical layers in the shallow part of mud diapirs in the Yinggehai basin,and it is controlled by the diapirs up-invasion and thick marine calcic sand shales.Volcano-mantle CO2 has smaller scale in the study area and is distributed in the faulted zone Ⅱ east of the Qingdongnan basin and around the discordogenic fault zone in the Pear River Mouth basin,controlled by the effective system of mantle magma air discharge and migration.The CO2 resources are over one trillion cubic meters in north of the South China Sea.It is important how to explore and use the enormous resources and to promote the utilization.It needs to be paid attention to by the relative departments and experts.


The study aimed at laying a proposed educational program to limit bullying among students of the Basic stage in Jordan. The sample of study consisted of (744) male and female students from the University District, Directorate of Education, in (2014 – 2015). The surveying development curriculum was employed. To achieve the objective of study a tool (questionnaire) had been developed, and appropriate statistical techniques were employed. And the study had deduced the following results: The whole estimation to the degree of bullying spread among the students of basic stage in Jordan from the point of view of students came a degree of medium. The program included a group of the roles that the family does to limit bullying, in addition to the role of school represented in the school administration, school counselor, the teacher and the student in limiting the bullying behavior. The program also included the role of media means and the role of preaching and guidance and men of religion in limiting the bullying behavior. And the program dealt with the possibility of establishing what is called the school security to limit the bullying behavior at the students of basic stage. The study recommended to get benefit from the program which had been deduced for the sake of building an integrated organization to limit the bullying at the students in this stage, by each doing his role to make a peaceful school environment available, enhancing ties of love, cooperation and familiarity among students, to be a school of an environment of attraction and innovation. The Introduction School participates effectively in building the student's character. It also plays a significant role in his social, cognitive and psychological developments in order to make him an active member in society who participates effectively in the development of the society he lives in. School also aims to make the student a person who is aware and well-informed about his rights and duties. It also aim to make him live safely in a society that provides him with opportunities of living decently. There are many factors that have consequences that have affected the educational process negatively and positively. Such factors may include the contemporary challenges that societies are facing in the current age of technology and scientific developments. Such factors include the contacts of many cultures with each other, and the spread of many TV channels. Hence, that increased the spread of some educational and behavioral problems of school students. That has also affected school students 'behaviors and the way they cope with the surrounding environment. That has also led to the emergence and development of the phenomenon of bullying one another. The effective school aims to provide the learner with all the circumstances that can guarantee providing him with the all the means that can help him to develop and achieve success. That is because the student can't enjoy healthy development and growth without providing him with an educational environment that is full of stimuli which can boost his energy levels and develop his social, psychological, physical and mental abilities (Qutami, 2007).All of that depends on the interaction process between students. Such interaction may be positive through being full of the indicators of respect, love, British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 55 December 2016, Vol. 15 (2) © 2016 British Journals ISSN 2048-1268 participation, and productive work. However, such interaction can be negative through being full of the indicators of bullying and aggressive behaviors. Thus, if the educational environment did not provide the student with emotive security, that shall generate feelings of anxiety, stress and depression within himself about his social relationships with other. Thus, that would have negative impacts upon his concentration level. It would also make him feel inferior, lose his selfconfidence and lack abilities of coping socially. All of that can participate in reducing his levels of interaction with the surroundings, self-motivation, and achievements. On the contrary, if the educational environment provided the student with emotive security, then that shall be reflected positively upon the student. For example, it would make him able to handle responsibilities and face challenges by his own. It shall also make him part of a harmonious consistent environment that can produce individuals who are able to create and think (Al-Abadi, 2005). One of the problems of bullying is that schools and parents are usually not fully aware about the problem and its existence. That is because parents usually do not have many conversations with their children about what happens with them in the school and its square and corridors. Another reason for the parents' lack of full awareness about such thing is that children tend to hide their sufferings from their parents in order to avoid being described as weak. It should be noted that parents and school must be fully aware about the nature of such problem, in order to help children in facing the problem of bullying and encourage them to do that. In this manner, parents and schools would succeed in handling this problem and dealing with it. School bullying is a problem that has been existing since a long time ago in all the advanced and developing societies. This problem may also occur in different age categories starting from childhood till higher age categories within the school. All forms of bullying may occur within the school. For instance, students may bully one another, teachers may bully students, administrators may bully teachers and students, and parents and individuals from the local community may also bully teachers and administrators (Field, 2005). Bullying school students is considered a social, personal and educational problem. This problem is increasingly becoming dangerous due to its negative impacts upon the school environment and the individual's social, emotive and cognitive developments (Abu Ghazal, 2009). Bullying can deprive the student from his right to receive education in safe school environment. Furthermore, bullying can also affect his academic achievement. Olweus is considered one of the people who initiated attempts to define bullying in a scientific manner. He defined it as being: one of the forms of violence that is widely spread between children and teenagers and it refers to the intentional act of causing harm or distress to someone which may be committed by one person or more. The bullier may use direct or indirect acts to bully others. Direct bullying refers to an explicit verbal or physical attack. As for the indirect attack, it refers to excluding someone socially through using indirect methods, such as: spreading rumors. It should be noted that indirect bullying may affect the individual's performance negatively in the same way the direct one affects it (Olweus, 1993). Thus, bullying is an intentional behavioral that aims to cause physical, verbal, or psychological harm for someone or committing an offense against any of his properties. Bullying can be also electronic. It usually occurs by a powerful dominant party against an individual who is not expected: to act against the neither assault, nor use force to act against the initiated force. He is also not expected to report about the bullying incident to his teenager colleagues within his environment. Owuso, Hart, Oliver and Kang (2011) believe that bullying in early age categories is considered (for males) as an indicator of having a high probability to commit a delinquency in the future. They also believe that bullying in such an age category can be an indicator (for girls) that they have a high probability to harm themselves in the future. It is noticed that the victims of bullying have more tendencies to become bulliers in later stages of their lives. Thus, bulling is considered one of the most British Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 56 December 2016, Vol. 15 (2) © 2016 British Journals ISSN 2048-1268 important factors that can predict the probabilities of committing a delinquency in later stages of one's life (Heino, frodj, & Marthen,2010). What's worth mentioning is that the problem of bullying – which carries much aggression within it launched against others – doesn't have negative effects only upon the bulliers, but it also have negative effects upon the victims, witnesses and the whole school environment. For instance, the bullier may show disordered, aggressive and anti-social behaviors. He also shows lack of social adjustment and he may get suspended from school (Scholte et al., 2007). The programs that aim to minimize and reduce the bulling behaviors do not aim only at addressing and targeting school students only, but they aim also at changing the culture and the school environment to target the bulliers and their victims. It is very significant to make these program play significant roles and implement interventions on the school and family levels. These programs shall target the roles of the administrators, counselor, teachers, students, and institutions of socialization. Addressing the problem of bulling and investigating its dimensions require initially acknowledging its existence instead of denying its existence hastily, or definitely. After acknowledging its existence, the first step to take is to investigate its dimensions and then set various types of solutions that can resolve this problem and reduce its spread. However, the most important solutions include having complete honesty between the students and their families and letting these families keep track of the academic achievement of those students. Then, the school should provide the students with much care and attention and it must take the proper procedures fast against any bullying behavior they deduct in school. The higher primary stage of school is considered as a significant stage, because education in this st


Using the MARC software, authors analyze the property of the mechanics and deformation of the composite ground under the flexible foundation with the finite element method, argue the influences resulted by the parameters of the ground, the pile and the upper load to composite ground, compare the calculated results with the model experiment results, find out the factors and the rules influencing the properties of the composite ground under the flexible foundation.


For a class of switched nonlinear systems, the BIBO stable domain is introduced in this paper. The robust H - infinity control problem for switched nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainty is investigated using the BIBO stable domain.Aiming at the effect of parameter uncertainties,a switching strategy and each state feedback sub - controller design are stated to guarantee the H - infinity performance of the whole switched system based on La Salle invariant principle.


Objective To describe an example of adult-onset autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) that coincided with drug-induced reaction. Design A 54-year-old patient was presented with Stevens-Johnson syndrome after a course of quinolones. This was followed shortly thereafter by epigastric pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. She also developed an autoimmune neutropenia. Results Several biopsies were performed from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The duodenal biopsies showed intraepithelial lymphocytosis; therefore, coeliac disease was considered. However, confirmatory serology was negative and the patient did not respond to a gluten-free/gliadin-free diet. Both upper and lower GIT biopsies consistently showed an absence of goblet cells resembling the changes of an AIE. Conclusion This is an unusual case of autoimmune-pattern enteropathy in an adult that was potentially drug-induced.


While traditional support vector regression algorithm is based on a single kernel, in practice it is often desirable to use multiple kernels. Learning linear combinations of multiple kernels is an appealing strategy when the right choice of feature is unknown. A new support vector regression framework for multiple feature inputs learning problem is proposed here, which mapped the different feature inputs with different nonlinear functions into high dimensional feature space, and resolved as a semi-infinite linear program. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm works well, and helps to improve the accuracy and the generalization for regression problems with multiple feature inputs.


Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a chronic, granulomatous, mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue produced by the traumatic implantation of
various dematiaceous fungi. The most prevalent species (90%) is Fonsecaea pedrosoi. We report a case of a 29 year male presented with complaints
of non- healing ulcer since 6-7 months and underwent exploration and curettage. It was diagnosed as chromoblastomycosis in histopathological
examination on identication of characteristic copper pennies/sclerotic bodies. Later on patient responded well to oral antifungal and antibiotic
therapy. To conclude, CBM although infrequent, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic skin lesions.