Sarcasm and sentiment embody intrinsic uncertainty of human cognition, making joint detection of multi-modal sarcasm and sentiment a challenging task. In view of the advantages of quantum probability (QP) in modeling such uncertainty, this paper explores the potential of QP as a mathematical framework and proposes a QP driven multi-task (QPM) learning framework. The QPM framework involves a complex-valued multi-modal representation encoder, a quantum-like fusion network and a quantum measurement mechanism. Each multi-modal (e.g., textual, visual) utterance is first encoded as a quantum superposition of a set of basis terms using a complex-valued representation. Then, the quantum-like fusion network leverages quantum state composition and quantum interference to model the contextual interaction between adjacent utterances and the correlations across modalities respectively. Finally, quantum incompatible measurements are performed on the multi-modal representation of each utterance to yield the probabilistic outcomes of sarcasm and sentiment recognition. Experimental results show the state-of-the-art performance of our model.


The satisfaction of hard output constraints is one of the standard requirements in engineering applications. In particular, when robotic manipulators are working with humans, it is critical to satisfy the safety constraints (hard constraints). This paper focuses on designing iterative learning control algorithms for robotic manipulators with the consideration of hard output constraints. Practical issues such as sensitivity to measurement noises and soft input constraints are also considered in the design process. The convergence of tracking error is demonstrated using a suitable composite energy function based analysis. In addition, the experimental results are also presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.


Summary With the recent rapid advancements in sequencing technology, the analysis of omics data has become increasingly important for biomedical research. However, many laboratories lack the time or expertise to thoroughly analyze such data. Among omics assays, ATAC-Seq (Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) and mRNA-Seq (messenger RNA sequencing) are easy and cost-effective methods that are commonly used to define chromatin accessibility and gene expression levels, respectively. Here we introduce Cactus (Chromatin accessibility and transcriptomics unifying software), a pipeline that streamlines the individual or integrated analysis of ATAC-Seq and mRNA-Seq data. The pipeline is written in Nextflow for efficient scaling, caching, and parallelization, and all tools are packaged in Singularity/Docker containers or conda/Mamba virtual environments for simple installation and high reproducibility. Cactus conducts preprocessing on raw sequencing reads, followed by differential analysis between conditions. Results are split into Differential Analysis Subsets (DASs) based on significance threshold, direction of change, annotated genomic regions, and experiment type. Then, Cactus computes enrichments of entries from internal (i.e., DASs) and external (i.e., ontologies, pathways, DNA binding motifs, ChIP-Seq (Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing) binding sites, and chromatin states) databases in DASs and presents results in barplots and customizable heatmaps. The visualization of the results is simplified by the generation of merged PDFs, merged tables, and formatted Excel tables. In conclusion, Cactus can assist researchers in gaining comprehensive insights from chromatin accessibility and gene expression data in a quick, easy, and reproducible manner. Availability and implementation Cactus can be installed via Nextflow pull jsalignon/cactus. Source code and documentation are available online (https://github.com/jsalignon/cactus). Contact firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com


The inverse problem associated with reconstruction of Poisson blurred images arising from many fields ranging from engineering to medicine has attracted much attention in the recent years. Digital images captured at medium to low light levels are often corrupted by sensor noise which is dominated by Poisson statistics. The zoom optics, sensor PSF and atmospheric turbulence cause blurring in acquired images. In this paper, we propose to address the problem of reconstruction of Poisson blurred images captured by surveillance imaging / digital photography in Bayesian domain using fuzzy median filter as a Gibbs prior. The addition of prior information makes the problem well-posed and aids to distinguish between an edge and noisy pixels thereby effects noise filtering. The performance of the proposed algorithm at several intensity levels have been studied qualitatively and quantitatively using mean absolute error (MAE) and Universal Quality Index (UQI) as metrics. The results are compared with other state-of-the-art approaches.


In the first year postpartum, women tend to be burdened by physical exhaustion due to interrupted and lack of sleep, breastfeeding and the potential challenges therein, and chemically-induced anxiety and depression. Literature in the field of behavioral health has long-since described the high prevalence of postpartum mental health disturbances of 20% of all women, and the impact of mental health on quality of life documented world-wide (O'Hara MW et al. Perinatal mental illness: definition, description and aetiology. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014 Jan;28(1):3-12). Sexual dysfunction, however, is a lesser-known challenge and one that is notably under-reported and addressed in the medical literature, likely due to other dominating discomforts and an overall stigmatization of female sexual health. Furthermore, scheduled visits with medical providers rarely extend beyond six weeks postpartum and most women have not resumed sexual activity at this time.


My mother reached 86 with her hearing, vision, and all her wits intact, living alone, and enjoying life. Then a neighbour found her semiconscious, bleeding from a head wound. She had struck her head on the sideboard and crawled to the telephone. The left hemiparesis was quickly evident and became dense.

She was admitted to the local general hospital where she had previously had a cardiac pacemaker inserted and been treated for mild hypertension and presumed angina. Unfortunately, no trace of the previous hospital records could be found. The paralysed limbs became oedematous, deep vein thrombosis was considered and rejected, a diuretic was prescribed.

Mother complained of dry mouth and urinary urgency. An antimicrobial was prescribed, although examination of the mouth did not reveal any thrush. Three weeks after admission my sister asked the consultant physician whether subdural haematoma had been considered. She was told that it had and had been excluded by computed tomography, but no scan had been performed.

By now Mother was being nursed in a stroke rehabilitation unit where the television was on at full volume distracting patients and visitors alike. It was kind of an aid to bring a cup of tea but not to leave it on a table on her left side to which she showed the anticipated inattention complete with the spilt food down her left side. The inattention to the left side led to a recurrent problem with her …


The Araris' site-specific and 1-step linker conjugation technology aims at generating safe and highly potent ADCs without the need for antibody engineering prior to linker-payload conjugation. We developed a very stable anti-CD79b-MMAE ADC with this technology showing a higher therapeutic index compared to polatuzumab-vedotin in preclinical models. Our ADC may represent a safe and efficacious alternative for the treatment of patients with diffuse-large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Using native polatuzumab (non-engineered, same antibody sequence as present in approved polatuzumab-vedotin) as the targeting antibody and monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) as payload, we generated within 24hours highly homogeneous and pure ADCs with a well-defined drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of 1.9, with a > 98% monomer content. The ADC is highly stable under stressed conditions at elevated temperatures and maintains the FcyR/FcRn-binding properties of the parental mAb. In in-vitro assays our ADC demonstrated potent cytotoxicity in four tested cell-lines, similar to the approved polatuzumab-vedotin (Polivy®). Moreover, our anti-CD79b ADC (ARADC) is highly stable in mouse, cynomolgus and human sera exemplified by the absence of payload deconjugation or linker cleavage. Though highly stable, the ADC is still efficiently released by lysosomal human Cathepsin B cleavage or human liver-lysosome enzymes. Most importantly, the resulting ADC is extremely stable in circulation as shown in pharmacokinetic studies in mice and rats demonstrating an antibody-like exposure profile comparable to the unmodified polatuzumab antibody and twice as long as the approved polatuzumab-vedotin (half-life 10d vs 5d).Most importantly, the in vivo efficacy of ARADC (DAR 1.9) was compared with approved polatuzumab-vedotin (DAR 3.5) in two CD79b-expressing tumor models: Granta-519 and Ramos. ARADC provided equal tumor growth inhibition and survival at about half the payload dose relative to polatuzumab-vedotin in both models. At approximately equal payload doses, ARADC treatment led to greater antitumor effects and a considerably longer survival advantage over polatuzumab-vedotin in both models. Finally, the highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) of ARADC was determined at 30mg/kg in a 4-week repeat dose toxicology study in rats. This observation, together with the high anti-tumor potency at low dose - the minimal effective dose (MED), results in an overall 4-6-fold increased therapeutic index (TI).These encouraging results obtained so far indicate that ARADC a) has very favorable biophysical properties, b) shows a clearly defined drug-to-antibody ratio, c) is highly stable in vitro and in vivo, d) is highly potent and efficacious in multiple tumor models and e) showed an improvement in TI by a factor of 4-6 and ultimately warrant further development of ARADC.
 Citation Format: Isabella Attinger-Toller, Philipp Probst, Romain Bertrand, Ramona Stark, Roger Santimaria, Emma Renard, Rachael Fay, Dragan Grabulovski, Bernd Schlereth, Philipp René Spycher. A CD79b targeting ADC with superior anti-tumor activity and therapeutic index [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2910.


Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center. Chief Scientist: John Pohlman. Sampling, D1512MA Upper M data (Navigation - GPS, Navigation - HYPACK, Hummingbird) of field activity 2012-015-FA (D-15-12-MA) in Upper Mystic Lake, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, North America from 06/04/2012 to 06/07/2012, http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/d/d1512ma/html/d-15-12-ma.meta.html.


When at their maximum thermogenic capacity (cold-induced V̇O2max), small endotherms reach levels of aerobic metabolism as high, or even higher, than running V̇O2max. How these high rates of thermogenesis are supported by substrate oxidation is currently unclear. The appropriate utilization of metabolic fuels that could sustain thermogenesis over extended periods may be important for survival in cold environments, like high altitude. Previous studies show that high capacities for lipid use in high-altitude deer mice may have evolved in concert with greater thermogenic capacities. The purpose of this study was to determine how lipid utilization at both moderate and maximal thermogenic intensities may differ in high- and low- altitude deer mice, and strictly low-altitude white-footed mice. We also examined the phenotypic plasticity of lipid use after acclimation to cold hypoxia (CH), conditions simulating high altitude. We found that lipids were the primary fuel supporting both moderate and maximal rates of thermogenesis in both species of mice. Lipid oxidation increased 3-fold in mice from 30oC to 0oC, consistent with increases in oxidation of [13C]-palmitic acid. CH acclimation led to an increase in [13C]-palmitic acid oxidation at 30oC but did not affect total lipid oxidation. Lipid oxidation rates at cold-induced V̇O2max were two- to four-fold those at 0oC and increased further after CH acclimation, especially in high-altitude deer mice. These are the highest mass-specific lipid oxidation rates observed in any land mammal. Uncovering the mechanisms that allow for these high rates of oxidation will aid our understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism.


A health needs assessment of inner-city, low-income adolescents was conducted by the staff of a nurse-managed, community-oriented primary care clinic. A multiethnic sample of 568 high school students was studied. The findings indicated that the most commonly used source of health care was the family doctor. Barriers to receiving care were fear and costs. Subjects reported insufficient knowledge about many health-related topics, and desired services in the areas of drug and substance use, reproduction and sexuality, family relations, mental health, and dental health. Eighty-four percent of the subjects were interested in using the services of a neighborhood clinic specifically for teens. Survey results were used for decision making, program planning, and implementation of a teen health clinic.


The role of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 in regulating the function of the syncytiotrophoblast, the placental transporting epithelium, is largely unknown. We hypothesized that silencing of mTORC1 in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells (a) down‐regulates key genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome synthesis and (b) inhibits mitochondrial respiration. We silenced raptor (mTORC1 inhibition), rictor (mTORC2 inhibition) or deptor (mTORC1/2 activation) in cultured term PHT cells and performed transcriptome profiling and measured mitochondrial respiration. Inhibition of mTORC1 resulted in a highly coordinated transcriptional response including downregulation of genes in networks related to oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome and lipid biosynthesis whereas inhibition of mTORC2 had no effect on these pathways. Inhibition of mTORC1, but not mTORC2, decreased mitochondrial basal/maximal respiration, ATP coupling, reserve capacity and proton leak, whereas activation of mTORC1/2 had the opposite effect. In conclusion, mTORC1 and 2 differentially regulates the trophoblast transcriptome and mTORC1 is a positive regulator of mitochondrial respiratory function. Placental mTOR signaling is inhibited in fetal growth restriction, which may impair mitochondrial respiration and contribute to placental insufficiency in this pregnancy complication.


PURPOSE: A device for cutting a molded article comprising a plate body is provided to prevent the assembling fault caused by length fault by performing cutting process for a plate body based on the edge portion of the plate body contacted with a stopper. CONSTITUTION: A device(100) for cutting a molded article comprises a position aligning unit(110) and a cutting unit(120). The position aligning unit comprises a worktable(111), plate-contact reciprocating cylinders(112, 113), a contact reciprocating cylinders(114). A plate body(13) is settled on the placing bar(111a) of the worktable. The touch bars(115a, 115b) of the plate-contact reciprocating cylinders are contacted with the both edges of the plate body. The contact reciprocating cylinders moves back and forth and reciprocates the touch bars. The position aligning unit aligns the position of the plate body. The cutting blade(121) of the cutting unit moves up and down a holder(122) comprising a cutting blade(121). The cutting unit cuts the boundary region of a gate and the edge of one end of the plate body.


In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an ideal technique for unveiling growth process at the nanoscale. It is especially useful to study the growth process of thin film or two-dimensional materials [1]. Among of them, many researchers are interested in a study of heteroepitaxy for 3C-SiC. However, the lattice mismatch between the 3C-SiC and Si substrate (aSiC = 0.436 nm and aSi = 0.543 nm, ~19%) makes controlling the large area production and high quality difficult. The mismatches in the lattice parameters are the issues for the heteroepitaxial growth. Several growth model and analysis methods have been proposed to overcome these issues [2].


This paper is developed from the Psychotherapy Annual Conference workshop with the the theme: The Distress of Invisible Populations – Your Chance to Speak. It describes how to culturally enhance social prescribing as a community practice for educating community psychologists and psychotherapists. It expands the previous literature review on the topic and the biopsychosocial model. It adds the cultural aspect and evaluates the outcome as evidence-based practice with recommendations to increase the future impact.


"The song of a river ordinarily means the tune that waters play on rock, root, and rapid. …This song of the waters is audible to every ear, but there is other music in these hills, by no means audible to all. To hear even a few notes of it you must first live here for a long time, and you must know the speech of hills and rivers. Then on a still night, when the campfire is low and the Pleiades have climbed over rimrocks, sit quietly and listen for a wolf to howl, and think hard of everything you have seen and tried to understand. Then you may hear it—a vast pulsing harmony—its score inscribed on a thousand hills, its notes the lives and deaths of plants and animals, its rhythms spanning the seconds and the centuries." Aldo Leopold, Song of the Gavilan [Reprinted in part from (Leopold (1940), by permission of The Wildlife Society.] ▪ Abstract The pathways that water may take through a catchment and its reactions with organisms and soils are myriad and ever varying. A promising means to unraveling the myste...


This tutorial introduces participants to Activity Theory, a conceptual approach that provides a broad framework for describing the structure, development, and context of computer-supported activities. The tutorial will consist of lectures, discussion and small group exercises. A Web community will be established so attendees will be able to continue to learn about and use activity theory.


Introduction: Calcium hydroxide has been used with various vehicles in the treatment modalities of Endodontics. Owing to the increased antibacterial resistance, Ozone is currently being discussed as a possible alternative vehicle because of its reported high antimicrobial property without the development of drug resistance. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of calcium Hydroxide in combination with 2% chlorhexidine and ozonated chlorhexidine for elimination of E.faecalis bacteria. Materials and Methods: In this study aqueous ozone was used, it was prepared by passing gaseous ozone through CHX in a glass beaker. Minimal inhibitory concentration of ozonated CHX was obtained by serial dilution method. The samples were assigned to 3 groups: Group I- Calcium hydroxide with saline; Group II- Calcium hydroxide with 2% Chlorhexidine; Group III-Calcium hydroxide with ozonated chlorhexidine. Efficacy of intracanal medicaments against E.faecalis was carried out by disc diffusion method. Results were statistically analysed by one way ANOVA. Results: The antimicrobial effectiveness of the samples in Group II where ozone was ozonated with reduced percentage i.e. 0.12% was around 21mm which is almost equal to that of 2% CHX and the results were found to be statistically significant at 0.5. Conclusion: Ozonated CHX with reduced concentration possessed similar antimicrobial effect as conventional CHX in combination with calcium hydroxide.


Norm theory's prediction that actions are more mutable than inactions and, as a consequence, will elicit more regret following a negative outcome was tested in two experiments. Action and inaction mutation frequencies were assessed in a design where both types of behaviors were presented together and when information about only one type was described. In Experiment 1, Kahneman and Tversky's (1982a) original scenario, where the action or inaction was instrumentally related to the negative outcome, was employed. More intense regret was obtained for the acting target than the nonacting one, but only when the information about both targets was presented simultaneously and not when either was presented alone. More importantly, action was not more frequently mutated than inaction and what was mutated was uncorrelated with the regret ratings. Instead, the active target's regret was correlated with the perceived wisdom of the nonacting target's behavioral choice when both targets were presented together and could be compared. In Experiment 2, where the action and inaction were not instrumentally related to the negative outcome, no emotional amplification was observed and inaction was targeted for mutation more often than was action. Discussion focuses on an alternative mechanism, besides mutability, that can account for differential emotion elicitation and on specifying the conditions under which the emotion effect will or will not occur.


Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been used within multiple research projects for identification and tracking of components in the construction industry. Although RFID has on-board data storage capacity, not all the studies used this capacity to store some object-related data directly in the tag. In some of the case studies performed, RFID tag was used only as an identifier for tracking various objects or for matching the related object with the additional information that is stored in a remote database. In this paper, the goal is to determine under which conditions an RFID tag needs to be used as a local data storage unit. To identify these conditions, previous research studies that were performed in the construction industry were investigated. The characteristics of cases that were described in the studies were identified and data storage needs were determined. Also, types of information items that were stored in the tags were identified. The results show in which types of cases RFID was used to store additional data. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of storing data on the tag and on a remote database were discussed.


We describe a technique that uses both posterior-anterior and caudal fluoroscopy to achieve venous access for pacemaker device implantation. A significant advantage of this technique is the ability to clearly demarcate both the anatomy of venous drainage and the lung border. We would encourage all centres to adopt this technique as a safe approach to venous access.


Previous studies showed that extracellular matrix protein, fibulin‐2, is expressed during epithelial–mesenchymal transformation in the endocardial cushion matrix during embryonic heart development. Our current study revealed that, in addition to the cardiac valvuloseptal formation, fibulin‐2 is synthesized by the smooth muscle precursor cells of developing aortic arch vessels and the coronary endothelial cells that are originated from neural crest cells and epicardial cells, respectively. In the cardiac valves and the aortic arch vessels, fibulin‐2 expression shows robust up‐regulation when the transformed mesenchymal cells migrate into the existing extracellular matrix. In the epicardium, epicardial cells produce fibulin‐2 upon their migration over the myocardial surface and its expression persists throughout coronary vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Fibulin‐2 is produced by the endothelial cells of coronary arteries and veins but not by the capillary endothelial cells in the myocardium. Thus, fibulin‐2 not only uniquely marks the transformed mesenchymal cells during mouse embryonic cardiovascular development, but also indicates vascular endothelial cells of coronary arteries and veins in postnatal life. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


SLS is a high brightness light source with 4.8 nm emittance at 2.4 GeV. Particle losses due to Touschek scattering will strongly affect the beam lifetime. We present Touschek lifetime calculations based on a refined tracking procedure for determination of the lattice momentum acceptance. The dependency of lifetime on the gap height of insertion devices and on the RF cavity voltage is studied in detail for the reference optics of the SLS storage ring lattice. Including gas scattering losses we expect 3.5 hrs of total lifetime for a 1 nCb bunch charge and 0.1% coupling. Installation of a 3/sup rd/ harmonic cavity for bunch lengthening would increase the total lifetime to 8 hrs and thus is recommended.


According to processing demand of cloud data,a persistence ORM model based on Hbase has been proposed,JPA's annotations have been employed to access Hbase tables,and ORM used to accomplish persistence operation of Hbase's data.It is aimed to Abstract Hbase API,to employ ORM to integrate and extract data under the Hbase,and,thereby,to save development time and to reduce development costs for R D personnel.


: Organic coatings based on electrically conducting polyaniline emeraldine salts 10 (ES) and electrically insulating polyvinyl butyral (PVB) are applied to an iron substrate. 11 An investigation is made into how ES phase continuity, and in-coating charge percolation, 12 affect the kinetics and mechanism of corrosion driven cathodic coating delamination. 13 Bilayer coatings are prepared by solution casting continuous ES films onto the substrate, 14 then overcoating with PVB. These are compared with composite coatings of decreased 15 phase continuity, prepared using ES powders dispersed in PVB. Coating delamination is 16 followed using scanning Kelvin probe potentiometry and optical spectrophotometry. At ES 17 coating weights < 0.05 mg.cm -2 , delamination rate was inversely proportional to coating 18 weight and slower for bilayer coatings. The same trend was found at higher coating weights 19 for ES doped using camphorsulfonic acid. However, for ES doped with phenylphosphonic 20 acid, bilayer coating delamination rates became independent of ES coating weight > 0.05 21 mg.cm -2 and were greater than for dispersion coatings. The relationship between cathodic 22 delamination rate and PAni ES continuity is proposed to depend strongly upon the nature 23


With the rapid development of Multimedia technology,the Multimedia resources are applied in every kind of teaching widely,thus brings along the reform of teaching completely.Especially in physics teaching,using Multimedia technology has gotten an obvious efficiency.


For patients suffering from drop foot due to weakness of ankle dorsiflexion muscles, an ankle foot orthosis provides increased foot clearance during the swing phase of gait, but often restricts other gait functions, such as plantarflexion. Due to steady progress in the development of lighter and smaller actuator technologies, active wearable devices such as exosuits become relevant for rehabilitation, since they can offer an extended functionality including a more comfortable wear than passive plastic orthosis. The aim of the paper is to present a lightweight exosuit supporting dorsiflexion during gait with autonomous recognition of gait phases and conditions. One main requirement during the iterative development of the exosuit is a non-restrictive function, thus no differences between the assisted and non-assisted gait of a healthy subject should occur. We therefore conducted a pilot biomechanics study using statistical parametric mapping to analyze kinematics of the ankle joint and muscle activity of m. tibialis anterior of nine subjects without any gait anomalies walking with and without the exosuit. The results show no significant difference between with and without support. In contrast to passive orthosis, the developed system could be an enhanced solution to assist patients suffering from drop foot, which should be analyzed in the next step for evaluating the development.


After the victory over the Moors and the success at the Battle of Lepanto, Christians and Muslims continued fighting each other at sea. In the seventeenth century, Turkish-Berber pirates, including Moors expelled from Spain and a large number of Christian renegades, succeeded in extending their corsair activities to the Atlantic Ocean by adapting the European way of building and arming ships. In 1617 the Turkish-Berber pirates started their attacks on Galicia with the assault on the Vigo estuary and the looting and burning of Cangas, and throughout the century they threatened maritime trade and coastal villages, capturing their inhabitants and damaging the fishing operations. About 1621 a Galician privateering arose especially directed against them and against the Dutch, with the construction of a "Squad of Galicia", which could not fulfill its objectives. On the other hand, many captive Christians converted to Islam in the hope of a better treatment and fortune. Many of these renegades had the opportunity of joining as corsairs and of being able to flee and return to Christianity, but, as they were apostates, before getting their full reincorporation into Christian society they had to appear before the Inquisition tribunals to be acquitted. In the eighteenth century, Turkish-Berber corsairs began its decline, as their predatory bases and activities were annulled in the 19th century with the establishment of European protectorates in North Africa and the withdrawal of the Turkish Empire from the western Mediterranean.


INTRODUCTION Small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in Europe plays an essential role in manufacturing of goods and services. To keep pace with and be up front in the global competition, continuous development of knowledge, competences and skills are very important. Traditional and generic short courses will often not match with SME's needs and time schedules. Therefore tailor-made courses and learning-programs are much more suitable for SME's and their individual and often either highly specialized needs or combinations of untraditional subjects. This paper will present the concept of the tailormade method Facilitated Work Based Learning (FWBL) and case studies of introducing the method in different European countries and different sectors.


* PhD. Associate professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Hypertension in children is associated with a higher incidence of secondary causes than in adults; however, in the last decade, studies have shown an increase in the incidence of essential hypertension in the pediatric population, especially among adolescents. The most important etiologic factor for essential hypertension in children is obesity, which has become an epidemic problem.1,2 Other implicated factors include insulin resistance, changes in the glucose and lipid metabolism, and reduced arterial compliance.3


As Android phones become the mainstream of smartphones, more and more malicious applications are being developed to attack the system and steal user information. Many researches based on machine learning can automatically detect Android malware currently. In spite of that, these methods require manual feature selection, which relies on experience and may loss major features. In this paper, we propose a tiny Android malware detection model named MFENet. This model is based on the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN). The core of the model is MFEBlock, which can extract key features and fuse them automatically. This model got 94.62% accuracy on the test dataset, which achieves the outstanding results for Android malware detection on an open dataset.


Electrophilic bromination and chlorination of benzo[c]cinnoline in sulphuric acid give mixtures of 1-and 4-halogenobenzo[c]cinnolines, then 1,4-dihalogenobenzo[c]cinnolines. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of the monobromobenzo[c]cinnolines have been analysed and previous assignments made for the parent benzo[c]cinnoline are corrected.


The performance of thin film interconnects is dependent upon successful interaction between design and the fabrication process. The functional verification of process tolerances to achieve the originally simulated design requirements is addressed. Variational analysis results about the nominal design value are presented and compared with initial simulation results. Interconnect capacitance and impedance variations as a function of conductor and dielectric geometry are shown. The analysis shows that the process is capable of giving an impedance within 10% of the nominal design value.<<ETX>>


The main goal of this research work is to explore novel soliton solutions and dynamics of solitonic structures to asymmetric Nizhnik–Novikov–Veselov (ANNV) equations by two methods, namely, the generalized exponential rational function (GERF) method and the modified extended tanh expansion (METE) method. These techniques are the most effective and reliable tools for solving nonlinear equations with partial derivatives. The used methods provide a wide range of soliton solutions that can motivate applied scientists and researchers for these specific structures. These acquired solutions are in the form of exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions including, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and of their combinations. It has also been observed that the obtained soliton solutions of the ANNV equations are bell-shape, anti-bell-shape, periodic solution, multisoliton and different types of soliton solutions. To illustrate the physical features and dynamics characteristics of some obtained solutions, three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) figures are exhibited through the Mathematica software. The methods applied in this paper are suitable to study the soliton solutions for the ANNV equation without producing the complexities in some other known analytical method. Finally, the employed methods can be earmarked easily for solving various classes of nonlinear evolution equations appearing in mathematical physics, fluid dynamics, plasma physics, nonlinear waves and nonlinear sciences.


This paper describes some of the potential applications of scanning laser generated images for use in material characterization, process control, and failure analysis in semi-conductor device manufacturing. Two applications are described in detail: CMOS latchup site identification and photoluminescence imaging of defects in gallium arsenide. Laser scanning is shown to be capable of identifying every site in a CMOS circuit which will sustain latchup under given bias conditions and identifying the relative sensitivities of each site. Photoluminescence imaging is shown to be capable of identifying the locations of dislocation clusters in gallium arsenide. These relatively inexpensive nondestructive tech-niques may prove to be powerful analytic tools in semiconductor device manufacturing.


w h e t h e r they are aware of it or not, I suspect that what has motivated the instigators of this special issue of the Geographical Review is no slight nervousness over the intellectual respectability of fieldwork within the geographical discipline. Well might they worry, at least in the short term, for the quantifiable facts are hardly comforting. But I must insist on taking the long view-indeed, an exceedingly long view-in reporting that the prognosis is not all that bleak. I base my argument on the uniqueness of the human creature. Homo sapiens is a mammal, but of a most special sort, being the only species with the capability of uttering fully developed languages. And the human brain that can engage in verbal wizardry can also devise an endless series of devices to separate us farther from the remainder of the animal kingdom. Unlike other creatures, which are inextricably tied to the here and now, to their immediate surroundings, human beings can transport themselves anywhere and anywhen mentally; and in physical terms they can sequester themselves within artificial or even "virtual" settings, shut off from the outer world. This duality of our existence, dwelling as we do in our own mental and material cocoons but also ultimately linked, like all other organisms, to the actualities of our planet, is what lies behind the current plight of the advocate of geographical fieldwork. At the moment, it is the fashionableness of the cerebral and the mechanical that puts the field-worker on the defensive. Eventually, however, we have no choice but to maintain awareness of our environs even as we invent new ways to rise above and beyond them, no choice but to accept that neither life nor scholarship can be satisfactory unless we reconcile the human superstructure in our legacy with the generic mammalian substructure. Well, then, just what is the status of fieldwork within the ranks of professional geographers today? How does it rate as a topic for serious cogitation, research, or pedagogy? The sad and simple answer is: Pretty much fallen off the screen. For a once-vaunted venture to spiral into such a lowly estate is a radical departure from days of yore. During the first centuries of the Modern Age, the heroic phase of West-


Abstract—Rate monotonic (RM) scheduling algorithm cannot guarantee schedulability of highly utilized tasks in all cases. In this paper, we increase schedulability of RM by assigning fixed set of priority promotions for each task. We present an algorithm to assign promotion times (PT) and the new priority at each PT. Each priority promotion occurs after a constant relative time from the release of an instance of a task. This technique can be implemented using a container at the operating system's side which sets a timer interrupt for the priority promotion. Our priority promotion algorithm is offline and it promotes priorities only at the latest release of the higher priority tasks before deadline of the first instance of each task. In our solution, the maximum number of promotions is bounded to the number of higher priority tasks with smaller periods. The performance of our solution approach has been evaluated by extensive sets of simulations. According to our experimental results, a) our solution dominates RM, i.e., it guarantees schedulability whenever the task set is RM-feasible while it improves the schedulability in the task sets which are not RM-feasible, b) it has a significantly higher schedulablity ratio than RM, and c) even in cases where it cannot guarantee the schedulability, it has a low ratio of missed jobs.


Background: Promptly treatment is essential for filariasis patients to reduce permanent disability. Preliminary study of several filariasis patients with swollen leg in Wonosobo regency indicated as delay access to promt treatment which increase the risks of transmision as well as worsen patient's condition. The purpose of this study was to explore health-seeking behaviour and self-care of patient in Wonosobo regency.Method: This study employs qualitative research using phenomenology approach. Five informants were selected by using criteria as patients with clinically symptomatic swelling leg and willing to participate to this study. The supporting informants were selected to family members and health workers who handle filariasis treatment. All data were analyzed by using content analysis.Results: Most filariasis patients were categorized as low income and having limited knowledge of the disease. They believed that the disease caused by curse so that medical treatment will not cure it and they have desperate with the illness. Psychosocial burden caused them feel anxiety even afraid to be outcasted. Their current condition mostly swollen legs with or without complications and the disease interferes their activity as very painful disease. Although the treatment will reduce pain, but it was only temporary, so that the patients felt that the treatment will be useless. The health seeking behaviour indicated that all patients experienced delay in accessing medical treatment, they tried to find other alternative treatment such as traditional treatment. Most patients have not yet performed good self-care as recommended by health workers. In addition, information and socialization about filariasis to patients, families and communities are limited because it has not been as priority program of health center. Health education program should be conducted to improve positive behavior of community regarding the prevention, early detection, prompt treatment and self-care of the disease.


Abstract--- In this paper, the application of MPSK modulation to physical-layer network coding (PNC) with multiple antennas scheme is investigated. A linear complexity scheme with the capacity of achieving diversity is proposed assuming symbol- level synchronization only. In the proposed scheme, called symbol-based PNC, the constant amplitude of MPSK modulation symbols is exploited and the product of two end transmitted symbols, which is actually related to another modulation symbol, is considered as network code. The autocorrelation of received signal is calculated in the relay node equipped with multiple antennas, which contributes to compact the search space for the intended network code. Two detectors are designed for achieving diversity at the cost of linear complexity. We also investigate the power allocation for symbol-based PNC. The advantages of symbol- based PNC can be summarized as two points. First, it requires symbol-level time synchronization only rather than stringent carrier-phase synchronization. Second, it is linear in complexity with respect to the constellation size. Simulations show that symbol- based PNC can achieve diversity gain.


9-year-old girl was seen in the emergency department (ED) with a 5-day history of non-bilious, non-projectile emesis, decreased appetite, and persistent right lower quadrant pain following an appendectomy 5 days earlier.


This research was also conducted in order to obtain answers to the problem "How is the accounting treatment of murabahah financing?, What is the accounting treatment for murabahah financing at PT. BPRS Adeco Langsa has complied with PSAK No.59? ". The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, which is to collect the data obtained then interpret and analyze it so that it can provide information that can be used to solve the problems at hand. The data used are primary data and secondary data. Based on the research conducted, it was found that PT. BPRS Adeco Langsa in recording murabahah financing refers to PSAK No.59 and murabahah accounting treatment at PT. BPRS Adeco Langsa is basically in accordance with PSAK No.59. Based on the above conclusions, PT. BPRS Adeco Langsa has implemented the provisions contained in PSAK No.59. The researcher only wants to give advice to continue to improve its financing performance, especially for murabahah financing so as to improve customer welfare.


With rapidly growing exchanges of the cultures between the East and the West, the western culture has managed to slip into Taiwan in various forms, and one of them is the TV dramas . In addition to TV and DVD subtitle translations, the "Fansub" version is becoming more prevalent with technological advance. Therefore, the author carried out the study of simplification with various versions of subtitles based on Ugly Betty, an American TV drama . Ugly Betty was a sensation when it first hit the TV in 2006. It casts a bunch of distinctive characters, and contains diversified social issues and abundant cultural features. With such wide range of language register, it becomes a wonderful case study material. Six simplification strategies, namely superordinate terms, approximation, synonymy, transfer, circumlocution and paraphrase and converseness, introduced by Blum-Kulka and Levenston (1978), were applied to translate Ugly Betty and then the results were compared with the DVD and the Fansub versions. The study finds that although linguistic simplification and the content simplification were considered as two completely different types of simplification in the beginning, they may be complimentary to each other. In terms of pros and cons of simplification, it may facilitate the audience's comprehension of the subtitles, but may not be considered as faithful translation. Nonetheless, what is lost in simplification may be compensated by image and sound. Since simplification strategies play an important role in subtitling, it is hoped that the findings of this study may contribute to the practice and study of subtitle translation in the future.


Short-term investment pools (STIPs) are financial intermediaries that purchase large pools of short-term financial instruments and sell shares in these pools to investors. Because it typically takes at least $100,000 to purchase most money market instruments, STIPs allow investors to gain access indirectly to money market yields with much smaller amounts of money than is possible through direct investment. STIPs also provide many investors greater liquidity, diversification, and a higher yield net of expenses than could be obtained by direct investment. The three major types of STIPs are money market mutual funds, short-term investment funds, and local government investment pools. Money market mutual funds are operated primarily by brokerage companies and mutual funds groups which sell shares in these funds to a wide variety of individual, corporate, and institutional investors. Short-term investment funds are operated by bank trust departments for their different accounts. Local government investment pools are typically established by individual state governments for their local governments. At the end of 1992, STIPs held over $700 billion in assets and played a significant role in the nation's money market.


Main focus of this paper is on devising an appropriate way to improve and enhance u-Trade Hub, which is the integrated e-trade platform being developed and open recently in Korea. To step forward, u-Trade Hub should (1) be more open, (2) intensify community features, (3) be modularized, (4) be more intelligent, and (5) improve profitability. To provide those future directions for the national e-trade environment, this paper reviews and analyzes the current e-trade infrastructures of major trade countries. The system analysis and design for the next level of u-Trade Hub are performed and the prototype system accommodating the proposed system architecture is developed.


120 The purpose of this poster presentation is to describe the bachelor of science in nursing curriculum, based on human caring theory, in the Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing (JRCHCN) and to explain how human caring theory is used to organize the curriculum and to define its constructs. The JRCHCN was established in 2000 as one of five 4-year colleges in Japan that are affiliated with the Japanese Red Cross and International Red Cross. The core of its educational philosophy is the theory of human caring, which is in turn based on the principles of human dignity and wisdom. The curriculum that emerged from the human caring theory was also influenced by (a) an educational philosophy based on Red Cross humanitarian principles; (b) the faculty belief that the essence of nursing is human caring; (c) the fact that, nationally and internationally, many are deprived of human dignity and live with suffering, despair, and hunger; and (d) an awareness of the intense suffering experienced by the people of Hiroshima and their dedication and determination to promote world peace. In this curriculum, human caring was defined as the will to show the utmost respect toward human beings. Nurses respect human dignity and heal patients' agony, distress, fear, and anger through the use of the interpersonal process of caring. Nurses also help individuals to reach their highest level of growth, maturity, and health. At the same time, the caring process raises nurses' own level of maturity. The implementation of human caring, therefore, requires understanding the individual's wholeness and uniqueness, not only biological existence but also cultural, social, and historical uniqueness. There are four constructs in the human caring curriculum: humanity, science, art, and relationships. In our poster presentation, we will explain the four constructs of the caring curriculum in greater detail and demonstrate how they serve as organizing principles for the whole curriculum. We would like to share this curricular framework with IAHC members and to have their comments in order to refine our program.


Gawi dance's one of the dance that has recorded as an Warisan Budaya Tak Benda (WBTB) but has not been designated as a national cultural. Literally, the meaning of the word GAWI is defined as follows: GA means reluctant or shy while WI means interesting, in the sense of uniting oneself.Ata Sodha is a poet using language of customs. Ata Sodha possess a role as a leader of Gawi dance and it belongs to a part of traditional ceremony. The probleems of this stuudy comprise of (1) How is the role of Ata Sodhain traditional ceremony Gawi dance of Tenda village community? (2) How is the perception of community regarding to Ata Sodha?. The theories being used in this research, namely role theory and simbolic interpretative theory.The concepts that are used among other: roles, Ata Sodha, Gawi dance and perception. In this reserch, descriptive qualitative method's adopted, by the data source namely primary and secondary in which the data are collected by observing, interviewing literature review.The findings In this research points out that an Ata Sodha has an unseparable role in traditional ceremony. The brainwave that they obtain from their ancestors in form of ability to chant prayer and praise verses by using traditional language to make Ata Sodha have sufficient important role. In traditional ceremony, Ata Sodha plays the role as the lader in Gawi dance. Society expects that the existence of Ata Sodha remains exist in traditional ceremony


This study aimed to determine the effect of biochar and Trichoderma harzianum toward lead removal in soil, lead absorption, lead content in plant tissue also growth and yield of shallot cultivated on lead-contaminated soil. The experimental design used was a completely factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was corn cobs biochar which was applied 1 week after basic fertilizer treatment and consisted of 4 levels, namely B0: without biochar, B1: 2.5 t ha-1, B2: 5 t ha-1, and B3: 10 t ha-1. The second factor was the dosage of liquid of Trichoderma harzianum, namely TR0: without T.harzianum, TR1: 10 mL L-1, and TR2: 20 mL L-1, which was applied three times at 14, 28 and 42 days after planting. Data were analyzed using the F test and continued with DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at P= 0.05 level. The results showed that the application of 5 t biochar ha-1 was able to remove lead and decreased lead uptake in plants. Application of T. harzianum could remove and decrease absorption in plant tissue biochar was not able to increase the growth of shallot while T. harzianum increased the number of leaves and the number of tubers.


All too often Islam and its believers have been presented as one monolithic culture defining a subordinate role for women that is incompatible with reproductive choice. By and large however Islam is permissive of family planning (FP) and many Muslim countries have active population and FP programs. Still the unmet needs among women in the Muslim world for reproductive health (RH) services and for reproductive and other societal rights are enormous. This is because the extent and manner of RH service provision varies across the Muslim world according to the cultural and political context in which womens rights are defined. Not all women in Muslim countries are afforded the same level of opportunity. The article includes an overview of FP programs in Iran Pakistan Bangladesh and Turkey.


Various views and opinions exist toward the inclusion of technology in the classroom; some are reinforced by research and studies conducted, such as the entertainment factor generally provided by technology within a lesson, while others do not have conclusive evidence in support of the views. Thjs paper attempts to uncover the ways in which technology can increase student performance and morale at the elementary level. In addition, negatives may exist for the inclusion of technology in the classroom, and these will be noted as well. The topic for the research paper was chosen primarily to help fill gaps that exist in the literature on related topics for the beneficial and/or negative properties of technology in the classroom, especially at the elementary level. Technology is becoming more and more common in our schools and therefore needs more research confirming or refuting its beneficial properties. Research on the topic was conducted by exploring the use of technology in the elementary classroom and how it may or may not support student understanding and/or motivation toward the curriculum. Lesson studies (collaboration among teachers to improve classroom lessons), class observations, and a teacher questionnaire were used to support the research. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters/65 St. John Fisher College Fisher Digital Publications Mathematical and Computing Sciences Masters Mathematical and Computing Sciences Department 1-1-2007 Technology as a Tool for Improving Academic Performance and Morale in the Elementary Classroom Aimee L. Sheldon St. John Fisher College Follow this and additional works at: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Mathematical and Computing Sciences Department at Fisher Digital Publications. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematical and Computing Sciences Masters by an authorized administrator of Fisher Digital Publications. Recommended Citation Sheldon, Aimee L., "Technology as a Tool for Improving Academic Performance and Morale in the Elementary Classroom" (2007). Mathematical and Computing Sciences Masters. Paper 65. Technology as a Tool for Improving Academic Performance and Morale in the Elementary Classroom Abstract Various views and opinions exist toward the inclusion of technology in the classroom; some are reinforced by research and studies conducted, such as the entertainment factor generally provided by technology within a lesson, while others do not have conclusive evidence in support of the views. Thjs paper attempts to uncover the ways in which technology can increase student performance and morale at the elementary level. In addition, negatives may exist for the inclusion of technology in the classroom, and these will be noted as well. The topic for the research paper was chosen primarily to help fill gaps that exist in the literature on related topics for the beneficial and/or negative properties of technology in the classroom, especially at the elementary level. Technology is becoming more and more common in our schools and therefore needs more research confirming or refuting its beneficial properties. Research on the topic was conducted by exploring the use of technology in the elementary classroom and how it may or may not support student understanding and/or motivation toward the curriculum. Lesson studies (collaboration among teachers to improve classroom lessons), class observations, and a teacher questionnaire were used to support the research.Various views and opinions exist toward the inclusion of technology in the classroom; some are reinforced by research and studies conducted, such as the entertainment factor generally provided by technology within a lesson, while others do not have conclusive evidence in support of the views. Thjs paper attempts to uncover the ways in which technology can increase student performance and morale at the elementary level. In addition, negatives may exist for the inclusion of technology in the classroom, and these will be noted as well. The topic for the research paper was chosen primarily to help fill gaps that exist in the literature on related topics for the beneficial and/or negative properties of technology in the classroom, especially at the elementary level. Technology is becoming more and more common in our schools and therefore needs more research confirming or refuting its beneficial properties. Research on the topic was conducted by exploring the use of technology in the elementary classroom and how it may or may not support student understanding and/or motivation toward the curriculum. Lesson studies (collaboration among teachers to improve classroom lessons), class observations, and a teacher questionnaire were used to support the research. Document Type Thesis Degree Name MS in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education This thesis is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/mathcs_etd_masters/65 Technology as a Tool Technology as a Tool for improving Academic Performance and Morale in the Elementary Classroom Aim ee L. Sheldon St. John Fisher College Technology as a Tool 3 Dedication 1 dedicate this research paper to three very important people who have influenced my life in more ways than they know: my husband-to-be, Matthew, my mother, and my father. To Matthew, my rock, thank you for giving me unconditional love and support. To my mother, thank you for instilling a drive in me to do something meaningful with my li fe. Finally, to my father, thank you for showing me what dedication truly stands for I hope that throughout my life, I have made you a proud "dad." Technology as a Tool 4 Acknowledgements This research paper would not be possible without the support and assistance provided by the following people: Patricia Feeley AnnMarie Johannson Carmen Gumina Cory Aiken Diane Barrett Cheryl Stanton Technology as a Tool 5 Table of


The eastern Indian Ocean is bounded to the north by the Indian continent and the Sunda Trench, to the east by Australia, and to the south and west by the active southeast and central Indian ridges, respectively. The ocean is dominated by three long linear topographic features—the Chagos-Laccadive Plateau which separates the Central Indian Basin from the central Indian Ridge, the Ninetyeast Ridge which separates this basin from the Wharton Basin, and Broken Ridge which forms the southern boundary of the Wharton Basin. The Ninetyeast Ridge is by far the longest and most impressive feature, running almost due south along the 90°E line of longitude from the Nicobar Islands at 15°N to the western extension of Broken Ridge at 31°S. For most of its length the Ninetyeast Ridge has an elevation of 1500 to 2000 meters above that of the surrounding ocean floor. The Ninetyeast Ridge was recognized as a major topographic feature by Sewell (1925) who named it Carpenters Ridge. It was first delineated as a long north-south feature on the topographic chart of Stocks (1960) and the Russian Atlas of the Indian Ocean (Anon, 1964). It was given its present name by Heezen and Tharp (1965). Originally, it was thought that this ridge and the parallel but shorter and similarly aseismic Chagos-Laccadive Plateau were topographic scars left behind as India moved northward after the breakup of Gondwanaland. Distinctive magnetic anomaly patterns have been recognized in almost all the major basins of the Indian Ocean. Matthews (1966) and Fisher et al. (1970), recognized magnetic lineations in the Arabian Sea and northeast Somali Basin, respectively. McKenzie and Sclater (1971) identified these anomalies. Fisher et al. (1971) found younger anomalies associated with the central Indian Ridge and lying between the Mascarene Plateau and the Chagos-Laccadive Plateau. Using the identifications of the anomalies in the Arabian Sea and Somali Basin, these authors suggested that these two plateaus were once joined and marked a major offset of the magnetic anomalies in


Magnetic resonance imaging is widely used for different diagnostic examinations involving autistic patients. The noisy, narrow, isolating magnetic resonance imaging environment and long scan times may not be suitable for autistic individuals, given their communication challenges, sensory sensitivities and often heightened anxiety. This systematic review aims to reveal any reasonable and feasible radiography-based adjustments to facilitate magnetic resonance imaging scanning without the use of sedation or general anaesthesia. Nine electronic databases were systematically searched. Out of 4442 articles screened, 53 were deemed directly relevant; when assessed against eligibility criteria, only 21 were finally included in this systematic review. Customising communication was found to be a key adjustment, as well as scan-based optimisation and environmental adaptations. The importance of distraction techniques and use of technology for familiarisation with the processes was also highlighted. The results of this study can inform recommendations to improve magnetic resonance imaging practice and patient experience, without the use of sedation or anaesthesia, where feasible. They can also inform the basis of dedicated training for magnetic resonance imaging radiographers. Lay abstract Autistic patients often undergo magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Within this environment, it is usual to feel anxious and overwhelmed by noises, lights or other people. The narrow scanners, the loud noises and the long examination time can easily cause panic attacks. This review aims to identify any adaptations for autistic individuals to have a magnetic resonance imaging scan without sedation or anaesthesia. Out of 4442 articles screened, 53 more relevant were evaluated and 21 were finally included in this study. Customising communication, different techniques to improve the environment, using technology for familiarisation and distraction have been used in previous studies. The results of this study can be used to make suggestions on how to improve magnetic resonance imaging practice and the autistic patient experience. They can also be used to create training for the healthcare professionals using the magnetic resonance imaging scanners.


Previous studies suggest that ice shelves experience asymmetric melting and freezing. Topography may constrain oceanic circulation (and thus basal melt–freeze patterns) through its influence on the potential vorticity (PV) field. However, melting and freezing induce a local circulation that may modify locations of heat transport to the ice shelf. This paper investigates the influence of buoyancy fluxes on locations of melting and freezing under different bathymetric conditions. An idealized set of numerical simulations (the "decoupled" simulations) employs spatially and temporally fixed diapycnal fluxes. These experiments, in combination with scaling considerations, indicate that while flow in the interior is governed by large-scale topographic gradients, recirculation plumes dominate near buoyancy fluxes. Thermodynamically decoupled models are then compared to those in which ice–ocean heat and freshwater fluxes are driven by the interior flow (the "coupled" simulations). Near the southern boundary, strong cyclonic flow forced by melt-induced upwelling drives inflow and melting to the east. Recirculation is less evident in the upper water column, as shoaling of meltwater-freshened layers dissipates the dynamic influence of buoyancy forcing, yet freezing remains intensified in the west. In coupled simulations, the flow throughout the cavity is relatively insensitive to bathymetry; stratification, the slope of the ice shelf, and strong, meridionally distributed buoyancy fluxes weaken its influence.


The present article is an overhaul of the main theoretical and methodologic proposals dedicated to the study of the hospitable behavior and, more concretely, to the analysis of the efficiency of the hospitals Spanish public. Like previous step, the basic characteristics of the sector are introduced, that can be framed in a bureaucratic structure, characterized by its complex organization and control. The main conclusion which it is obtained is that the productive inefficiency that predicts the economic theory for the sector is guaranteed by the empirical evidence.


Using high‐resolution sonar data, a rule base classifier model is developed to correlate acoustic impedance and volume scattering with sediment mean grain size and bulk density. The acoustic impedance is inverted from the impulse response of the sonar data and the scattering strength is calculated between detected layers using a scattering model. Synthetic data and field data are used to demonstrate the high‐resolution layer detection method, based on a local least‐squares fit, that extracts the impulse response of the acoustic data. This analysis is heuristically constrained to estimate solutions within the resolution bounds of the sonar data. The classifier uses historic measurements, empirical relations, and fuzzy set theory to build the rule base model that is used to correlate the acoustic properties with sediment mean grain size and bulk density. Comparisons between estimates of mean grain size and bulk density from the rule base classifier model analysis of actual sonar data and geotechnical measur...


The paper focusses on a typologically uncommon system of presentatives in Kambaata, a Cushitic language of Ethiopia. While many European languages have one, at most two grammaticalised presentatives at their disposal – see French voila / voici, Latin ecce, Italian ecco and Russian vot / von – Kambaata has a paradigm of 12 presentative forms, which are used to point out and call the attention to an entity. These presentatives specify the approximate
location of the presented entity and provide information on the nature of the entity (gender and number). Formally, the Kambaata presentatives are one type of demonstrative, besides attributive and pronominal demonstratives. The structure of my talk is as follows: I will first give a brief overview of the morphologically complex Kambaata 4-degree-system (proximal, medial, contrastive, distal) of attributive and pronominal demonstratives. Then I elaborate on the functional as well as the morphological and syntactic features of presentative demonstratives. The analysis is based on data from recorded speech events, observation and written sources.


S URGICAL tissue injury provokes a neuroendocrine stress response and inflammation. The neuroendocrine response can be moderated by regional or neuraxial anesthesia. However, the inflammatory response results largely from local release of mediators that then act systemically. It is widely believed that the inflammatory response to surgical tissue injury is responsible for serious complications including prolonged fatigue, atrial fibrillation, delirium, and prolonged intensive care unit stay. It is also likely that inflammation contributes to acute postoperative pain. A variety of antiinflammatory medications including lidocaine, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have thus been used in attempts to reduce surgical pain. The ultimate antiinflammatory drugs, however, are steroids. To the extent that inflammatory mechanisms contribute to postoperative pain, one might expect that preoperative or intraoperative steroid administration would ameliorate postoperative pain. Consistent with this theory, steroids peripherally inhibit phospholipase, thereby decreasing pain-aggravating products of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Corticosteroids also inhibit expression of cytokine genes and release of proinflammatory enzymes, bradykinin, and neuropeptides from injured nerve terminals — all of which also worsen pain. In addition, corticosteroids decrease perioperative proinflammatory mediators including interleukins 1, 6, and 8, along with tumor necrosis factor, C-reactive protein, and leukocyte adhesion molecules. As might thus be expected, many studies have evaluated the effects of steroid administration on surgical pain. In this issue of ANESTHESIOLOGY, De Oliveira et al. present a meta-analysis of studies that evaluated the effect of intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain. The strength of the analysis by De Oliveira et al. is that it evaluates a wide range of doses. Their analysis suggests that higher doses of dexamethasone (more than 0.2 mg/kg) do not improve analgesia compared with medium or low doses. Less clear is whether medium doses are superior to low doses (less than 0.1 mg/kg). A typical 4-mg dose for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting thus may or may not be sufficient. De Oliveira et al. also evaluated the effect of timing on postoperative pain. Unlike with most analgesics, many effects of corticosteroids require gene expression and protein production — and thus have a delayed onset. As might be expected, preoperative dosing appeared more effective then intraoperative administration. Edema and inflammation induced by surgery usually persist for days, far longer than the antiinflammatory effect of a single dose of dexamethasone. It is thus somewhat surprising that no studies evaluate the analgesic effect of repeated steroid doses. Persistent incisional pain (lasting longer than 3 months) is common especially after thoracotomy, hysterectomy, and breast surgery. Persistent incisional pain is often preceded by severe perioperative pain, suggesting that effective postoperative analgesia may help prevent conversion of acute pain to chronic pain. However, the potential effect of steroids on persistent incisional pain remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that perioperative steroids provide short-term benefits. For example, it is beyond question that low-dose dexamethasone reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting. Similarly, steroids reduce fatigue in the days after surgery. The meta-analysis by De Oliveira et al. provides considerable support for an analgesic effect of steroids. The difficulty is that the same basic antiinflammatory mechanisms that presumably provide these benefits may aggravate risk of surgical wound infection.


Cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend films were prepared by using a cast blend method with chloroform. Homogenous blend films were obtained over a wide range of the blend ratio. The compatibility and physical properties of the blends have been investigated. The following conclusions were deduced: i) CAB molecules inhibit crystallization of PBS in the blends; ii) over the range of PBS contents from 0 to 30 wt %, PBS molecules have a high miscibility with CAB molecules and PBS molecules are in an amorphous state; iii) over the range of PBS contents from 30 to 80 wt %, PBS molecules form both crystalline and amorphous regions, and a portion of the amorphous PBS molecules is blended with CAB molecules; iv) porous material could be obtained by immersing the blend films in acetone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 400–406, 2005


Refinement of horizontal gravel-pack-completion procedures resulted in development and optimization of special drill-in fluids and gravel-pack tools specifically designed to meet pumping requirements. Enhanced tool capabilities combined with procedural changes resulted in consistently successful execution of deepwater, extended-reach horizontal gravel-pack completions.


11068 Background: Intertumor heterogeneity had been observed in various kinds of malignant tumors including non-small cell lung cancer. Comparing with extra-pulmonary metastasis, patients with multiple pulmonary nodules have a significantly higher rate of heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to compare the known driver mutations distribution among non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with multiple intrapulmonary ground-glass nodules(GGNs). Methods: 35 consecutively resected lung cancer patients with multiple lung GGNs at a single institution (Tongji University, Shanghai, China) were analyzed for mutations in EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF and PIK3CA together with genes fusion in ALK, ROS1 and RET. Results: The median age was 60 years old, male/female:12/23, never smoker/smoker: 25/10, PS 0/1: 22/13. Totally, 72 lesions were included into this analysis, including 9 of adenocarcinoma in situ, 9 minimal invasive adenocarcinoma and 54 invasive adenocarcinoma. Among them, 33 (45.8 %) tumors harbored EGFR mut...


Purworejo located on the southern coast of Central Java, has has 805,812 residents,
consisting of 406,130 men and 399,682 women (Population Aggregate Data July 01, 2014,
purworejokab.go.id). This amount is certainly very potential and positive impact in the
empowerment of excellent potential with the vision framework "Purworejo Go Agriculture
Vision". One of them is dawet ireng as a typical Purworejo culinary. Although it has to
compete with modern culinary, this local specialty culinary has provided support for the
economic development of Purworejo and still get a place in the community. When dawet
ireng has penetrated into various regions and widely known, in the area of Purworejo itself
actually seemed to be an ordinary culinary. Moreover, as the competition between
entrepreneurs increasingly stringent, quality and product image of dawet ireng become less
attention. This is certainly inversely proportional to the dawet ireng status as a typical
Purworejo culinary. Departing from it then conducted research about society perception of
dawet ireng as Purworejo typical culinary. The formulation of the problem is how the
influence ofproduct, image, price and promotion to the decision ofthe community in buying
dawet ireng. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of product, image, price
and promotion ofcommunity decision in buying dawet ireng. From the results ofthe research
note that product quality, image, price and promotion have a positive and significant effect
on the decision to buy dawet ireng as Purworejo typical culinary. Therefore, to support the
strengthening of image and bargaining power of dawet ireng as a distinctive culinary icon,
Purworejo Regional Government needs to set the standardization ofproduct, promotion and
uniqueness of dawet ireng as well as optimizing the development of related entrepreneurs.
This is as a follow up of the Regional Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) of
Purworejo Regency.
Keywords: dawet ireng, purworejo culinary, community perception.


Hospital are extremely fearful for the safety and well being of their children. Their response to the threats of the street and the nonavailability of recreational services is to keep their children indoors, thereby greatly restricting their physical activity. A typical day in the life of such children consists of going to the school, attending to the rigors of the learning process (often without bilingual teachers), returning from school, doing homework and watching TV. They rarely have any outlet for their physical energy. They are not the carefree children shown playing in Sesame Street. A recent symposium on the impact of TV on children under the aegis of Action for Children's Television 5 tended to focus on the quality of TV programming for children. To many inner city children, the problem of quantity of TV stimulation can be of equal if not more importance. Many children responded to this enforced curtailment of their physical energy by a distinctive


The thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are devices that are utilized to convert the heat energy into electrical energy directly and the working principle of this device is based on See beck effect. Thermoelectric power production is a smart method for the direct translation of heat energy into an electrical one. This work explores a method to get the optimum process parameters on the performance of various TEGs by finding the conversion efficiency to recover the waste heat and converts it into electricity. For this purpose, an experimental setup was designed and fabricated to determine the performance of TEGs. The TEGs made by Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3), Lead Telluride (PbTe), and Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) were taken for the performance analysis. The process variables are heat input, TEG material and temperature difference. The experiments were conducted by using Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array to reduce the number of experiments. The results found that the heat input of 90W, TEG material of Bi2Te3 and the temperature difference of 75°C gives the maximum conversion efficiency of 2.45% from thermal to electrical energy. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the most influential parameter on the performance of TEGs was heat input. The R2 and R2 (adj) values were found to be 93.25% and 86.50%, this shows that the developed model is significant and can predict the optimal solution.


This paper summarizes the pricing model of construction quantity list.By employing Marx's theory of value and price,this paper analyzes the advantages of pricing model of construction quantity list,points out the problems which influence the advantages of pricing model of construction quantity list and puts forward some corresponding countermeasures.


These are the proceedings of the tenth anniversary meeting of the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers held on April 10-13 1980 in Muncie Indiana. Nine papers are included in the section on population and settlement. Topics covered include population research in Latin America retrospect and prospects; the dynamics of human settlement and migration; Latin Americas population and development in the 1970s; an inventory of migration research dealing with the Caribbean; urban migration; the impact of cityward migration on urban environments; the migration of U.S. military retirees to Central America; evidence from Brazilian Amazonia concerning frontier population absorption and migrant socioeconomic mobility; and teaching the evolution of population distribution. Other sections contain papers on the relationship between migration and development processes rural-urban migration in Latin America and Africa and simulating the dynamics of urban impact on Middle America from 1600 to 2000.


To bridge significant mental health treatment gaps, it is essential that the healthcare workforce can detect and manage mental health conditions. We aim to synthesise evidence of effective mental health training interventions aimed at health workers to increase their ability to treat mental disorders in India. We systematically searched Systematic review of eight electronic academic databases from January 2012 to August 2022 was performed. All primary research studies were eligible if conducted among healthcare workers in South and South-East Asia and reported education and training interventions to improve detection and management of mental health conditions. Quality of studies were assessed using Modified Cochrane Collaboration, ROBINS-I, and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools and data synthesised by narrative synthesis. Results are reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. We included 28 of 3256 screened articles. Thirty-six reported improvements in knowledge and skills in the detection and management of mental health conditions. Training was predominantly delivered to health workers for treating mental disorders. Commonly used training included the World Health Organization's mhGAP guidelines and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and were successfully tailored and delivered to health workers. Training was found to be acceptable and effective. Only one study analysed cost effectiveness. Few targeted severe mental illnesses and upskilling mental health specialists or offered long-term follow-up or supervision.


Non-transparency of microstructures for the porous media has long been the obstacle for a deep understanding of the mechanisms of rock damage and coal and rock outbursts at depth.As an attempt,a methodology based on wavelet multi-resolution analysis(MRA) for visualization and multiscale-anisotropic-detailed characterization of pore space for complex porous media at meso-and microscopic scales is proposed.In order to validate the proposed approach,observations are made on the six groups of coal rock specimens by using scanning electron microscope(SEM),sampled from six different underground mining districts;the integrated image processing schemes are conducted for the so called "sub-pixel" scale analysis of the resulting SEM images,including multi-scale wavelet transform,image segmentation and reconstruction.The detail sub-bands coefficients of the wavelet transform are used to reconstruct images of the horizontal,vertical and diagonal dominant micropores of the microporous matrix.In addition,the probability density distribution of the characteristic length for the pore throat and cavity,the porosity and fractal dimensions for the pores at multiple scales are calculated.The segmented macro-fractures by the MRA are at micron scale while the micro-pores are at nano-scale.The macro-fractures of all the specimens have much larger fractal dimension value than that of the micro-pores.The profiles of the pore throat distribution for all the specimens take on the shape of single peak,and the peak value is the measure of the drag forces for the fluid transport,whereas the curves of the pore cavity take on the shapes of single or multiple peaks,and the maximal peak value represents the storage capacity for the fluids.The obtained results validate the applicability of the microscopic image based approach for characterization of the geometrical boundary and structural features of fractured rocks,which will certainly contribute to a deep understanding of the influences of the complex pore structures on the nonlinear behaviour of the rock masses at depth.


INTRODUCTION The nonprofit sector is big business within the overall economy in the United States. Drucker (2001) noted that nonprofit organizations are the nation's largest employer. A study of the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE) reported that nonprofit organizations hold more collective power and influence in corporate America than any other business sector in our nation (Sommer, 1998). However, amongst the most overlooked nonprofit organizations are disabled sports organizations.


This paper gives an outline of the coverage of the Standard Mobile Imaging Architecture (SMIA) standard and its adoption by the mobile phone industry for camera phone applications. The different elements of the standard, including functionality, interface, package options, and characterization will be described in brief. The paper then moves on to describe in detail image sensor characterization using the SMIA standard. The overall test method, and coverage will be reviewed along with the detail of the individual tests, highlighting the depth of detail of the SMIA characterization documentation. Both electrical and optical tests are reviewed with some emphasis on the colour accuracy test. Throughout this paper where required, the example of a typical CMOS camera module will be used to illustrate the method of parameter extraction. Finally, the paper examines some of the exceptions to and possible weaknesses of the current SMIA characterization standard and considers future possible revisions of the standard. This includes both refinements of and improvements in the existing test coverage and extension of the standard into areas it does not cover today, for example the definition of test requirements for auto-focus and optical zoom modules.


Abstract : Over the past four years, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Washington has encountered net operating result (NOR) losses not anticipated in the Navy Working Capital Fund (NWCF) budget. These unanticipated losses primarily stemmed from three major factors associated with financial operations. The first factor is the creation of stabilized rates that turned out to be insufficient during fiscal years 2006, 2007 and 2008. The second factor is the disparity between the budgeted and actual average labor hours worked. The third factor is the continued rising cost of purchased utility commodities in support of the services rendered to the customers, coupled with the inadequate revenues generated from utilities services performed. This MBA research project uses the labor and budget information provided by the command to assist them: (1) determining the financial impacts due to inaccurate projected labor hours, (2) evaluating the current policy concerning stabilized rates, (3) mitigating the impact associated with the rising cost of purchased utilities, and (4) developing an improved model for estimating future expenses and revenues.


Interactions between statistical aggregation and hypothesis testing mechanisms during word learning Alexa R. Romberg and Chen Yu {aromberg, firstname.lastname@example.com Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 1101 E. 10th Street Bloomington, IN 47405 USA Abstract Adults, children and infants are all able to infer likely word meanings based on the relative frequency with which labels and referents appear together (e.g., Smith & Yu, 2007; Yu & Smith, 2008). However, the extent to which learners rely on aggregation of co-occurrence statistics vs. test specific hypotheses to infer mappings is currently a matter of significant uncertainty (Smith & Yu, 2012), exacerbated by the different experimental methods used to test learning mechanisms. Real world word learning is likely to involve a combination of statistical aggregation and active hypothesis testing. The current experiment investigates how these two learning mechanisms interact during word learning by having participants respond to a subset of items during a cross- situational word learning task. We find that hypothesis-testing is most effective when informed by statistical information and that the process of hypothesis-testing draws attention away from the remaining set of items. Keywords: word learning; statistical learning; language acquisition; cross-situational learning; learning mechanisms Introduction In the past several years evidence has accumulated that infants, children and adults are able to aggregate information across multiple ambiguous contexts to disambiguate a word- referent mapping (e.g., Scott & Fisher, 2011; Smith & Yu, 2008; Suanda & Namy, 2012; Trueswell, Medina, Hafri & Gleitman, 2013; Yu & Smith, 2007). The learning mechanisms that learners use to do this cross-situational word learning are currently under debate, contrasting hypothesis testing (HT) with associative learning (AL; Koehne, Trueswell & Gleitman, 2013; Smith & Yu, 2012; Trueswell et al., 2013). Within associative theories, statistical computations emerge from the strengthening and weakening of associations as a function of co-occurrence reliability and competition among associations. Within hypothesis testing theories, conceptually coherent hypotheses are confirmed or disconfirmed through a variety of procedures. While both of these frameworks are consistent with learners inferring mappings between words and referents that consistently co- occur, they offer fundamentally different characterizations of what it means to be a statistical learner. Accordingly, two quite different experimental paradigms have been used to investigate cross-situational word learning. In the paradigm supporting hypothesis testing, each trial has a One:Many structure, providing participants with a single auditory label and several (often 5) objects to view (Koehne et al., 2013; Trueswell et al., 2013). Versions in which participants have responded with a selection of the word's referent on each trial have produced similar results as versions in which they simply observe the trials (e.g., Trueswell et al., 2013). The findings from the HT paradigm demonstrate clearly the power of correctly hypothesizing a word's meaning: Participants who select the correct referent for a label on a given trial are more likely to select the correct referent for that label on future trials than participants who made an incorrect selection (Koehne et al., 2013; Trueswell et al., 2013; see also Medina, Snedeker, Trueswell & Gleitman, 2011). Thus, researchers employing the HT paradigm have concluded that the participants learn by forming a single hypothesis for the likely label-object mapping and do not store multiple word-object occurrences at the same time. However, overall learning effects are relatively modest. Participants responded correctly on approximately 33% of the 12 trials in the final block of Experiment 1 (their 5 th exposure to the label) in Trueswell et al., (2013), correctly selecting 1.6 more referents than expected by chance. In the "AL" paradigm, each trial has a Many:Many structure. Participants are provided with multiple labels and objects, often 4 of each when adults are tested (e.g., Romberg & Yu, 2013; Suanda & Namy, 2012; Yu & Smith, 2007). The paradigm consists of a training phase, during which participants do not make any responses, and a test phase during which participants select the most likely referent from an array of objects presented in the study. Overall learning effects are higher in this paradigm compared with the HT paradigm. For example, adult participants responded correctly on 35% of the 18 test trials in Romberg & Yu (2013), correctly selecting 5.3 more referents than expected by chance (after 6 exposures to each label). The authors employing the AL paradigm have argued that participants learn by aggregating co-occurrence statistics across trials and encode multiple associations between labels and objects presented on individual trials. The two paradigms set up very different processing tasks for the participants, as illustrated in Figure 1. The HT paradigm is characterized by repeated oscillation between processing and retrieval. The task structure either explicitly or implicitly encourages participants to engage in some computation (e.g., updating representations of statistical structure) and retrieval (i.e., bringing a hypothesis to explicit awareness) on every trial. The fact that only 1 label is provided means that participants have limited ability to "control" information flow because they have no choice about which label to select for attention and can only associate objects with 1 label on each trial. The AL paradigm, in contrast, is characterized by a continuous sequence of


In this study, ultrafine nickel particles (UFPs) were produced using an Ar-9.6%H2 RF plasma by feeding the raw powder of 10μm diameter. The effect of powder feeding rate on the yield and the specific surface area of UFPs was investigated by varying the powder feeding rate in two orders of magnitude (0.07-7.19g/min). The composition and flow rate of plasma gas, the power of plasma and the internal pressure of apparatus were kept constant during the experiments. Furthermore, the applicable range of Brownian coagulation mechanism was discussed. The UFPs were isolated and spherical in shape when the powder feeding rate was low; while they were collided and coalesced particles when the powder feeding rate was high. The specific surface area of UFPs was the highest at a low feeding rate, although it was not dependent on the collection sites when the powder feeding rate was higher than 0.2g/min. The present experiments suggested that the particle formation is controlled by Brownian coagulation in a narrow range of powder feeding rate at a relatively low value.


The forecourt area of the Vashi Railway Station and commercial complex in Navi Mumbai, India, is being planned and designed for the convenience of commuters and other public users. It will provide facilities for a bus terminal, taxi and autorickshaw stand, a scooter and car park. It will have a 30m-wide peripheral road. This paper describes the projects' technical specifications, road construction technology, and the equipment used. The subsoil is mainly clay, mixed with some sand and silt; its investigation was conducted at 18 bore holes. The subgrade design is based on a soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of 6, liquid limit less than 40, and plasticity less than 20. The technical specification shows how to construct the pavement's layers, including the subgrade and the bituminous layers on the surface. The construction methodology is outlined for: (1) subgrade; (2) lime stabilisation; (3) granular sub-base; (4) base course; (5) bituminous macadam; (6) pre-mixed bituminous carpet; and (7) seal coat. The equipment used includes excavators, bulldozers, dumpers, graders, crushers, asphalt plant, and vibratory compactors. The road performance checking is outlined. Some conclusions and recommendations are presented.


adult interacting with children—teachers, childcare workers, and parents—can use to build and repair social emotional health so that we can all work together to buffer kids from these alarming statistics. The study reported here focused on the fi rstyear implementation of a comprehensive social emotional health program that was integrated into prekindergarten classrooms in a large urban school district. The program provided prekindergarten teachers with professional development and training around research-based practices aimed at strengthening students' social and emotional skills.


A two-year project was conducted to prepare 20 teachers from ten basic nursing schools to teach geriatric nursing. Pre- and post-project tests were administered to the project participants and a control group to measure attitudes, knowledge and professional contributions related to gerontology and geriatric nursing. Attitudes in both groups were highly positive and remained unchanged. Knowledge and professional contributions increased significantly, with over 30% of the variance explained by participation in the project. More years of experience in nursing and in geriatric nursing practice and teaching also had a limited impat on the scores.


Among the Tibetan texts in the Sven Hedin Collection now preserved in the Ethnographical Museum (Folkens Museum), Stockholm, there are three documents which are considered to belong to the Old Tibetan period. Their photos were first published in Bailey (1973), together with comments on a few Khotanese-related words, the texts being numbered Hedin 1, 2 and 3. But since then, they have not been paid due attention. In May 1990, I was able to examine these three manuscripts by courtesy of the Folkens Museum and Professor Staffan Rosén, secretary of the Hedin Collection. On examination, I realized that all three texts are contracts, but of different kinds: that is, Hedin 1 is a sale contract, Hedin 2 a loan contract, and Hedin 3 a contract of hiring. Each exemplifies one of the three major types of Old Tibetan contract. Although different in kind, they show a close resemblance in both form and content: they are written on paper of similar size and quality. The left edge of each document is torn off in a similar way, but my attempts to join them together showed that they were not likely to have formed one piece. Paleographically, the three texts are written in similar styles, though apparently by different hands. They also have in common somenames of the persons concerned (cf. §IV). All these shared features clearly suggest that these three texts, even though they were not originally one, belong to the same period and location.


Observational data obtained by exposing Avena sativa L., Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L., and Zea mays L. to the aerial aphid population indicated food plant preference as resulting in a greater number of settlers on the preferred host, on which migrants also remained longer and deposited more nymphs than on the less suitable hosts. This behavioural pattern of alate Rhopalosiphum padi‐fitchii is discussed in relation to the epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus disease.


A new simple approach to 3-(2-acylvinyl)-2-(hetero)aryl-indoles has been developed. The method is based on the acid-catalysed interaction of 2-(2-aminophenyl)furans with (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. The reactions proceed under very mild conditions and lead to indoles containing a reactive α,β-unsaturated ketone moiety, which is suitable for further transformations, in moderate to good yields.


OVERVIEW: Many companies attempt to manage through an R&D shortfall by poring over success ratios, intensifying stage-gate reviews, and tightly controlling overall budgets from headquarters. Instead, they should build on examples of successful innovations facilitated by three dynamic structures: the motivating power of inspirational causes, the efficient resource allocation of free markets, and the unpredictable but powerful inventiveness facilitated by university environments. By incorporating elements of each of these structures, companies can move beyond management systems that have delivered disappointing levels of incremental innovation, and inspire their employees to fill the pipeline with big new ideas that can drive significant growth.


Introduction: Ecthyma gangrenosum is a skin lesion presenting invasive infection in the skin, which is commonly caused by Pseudomonas . Pathogenesisismostlyattributedtothemicrobialinvasionincutaneoustissuescausedbythemicroorganism. Oneof the important, but rare causes of Ecthyma gangrenosum after Pseudomonas is Escherichia coli . CasePresentation: A45-year-oldwomanknownasacasewithacutemyeloidleukemiawhowentintoremissionduetochemother-apy. After chemotherapy, she was febrile and septic. A physical examination revealed an erythematous round lesion (3 × 3 cm) that had developed on the posterior aspect of the right thigh with central bolus necrosis. E. coli was detected based on both blood cul-tures. Conclusions: Ecthymagangrenosum ismostlyseeninpatientswithsevereimmunodeficiencysuchasaplasticanemia,hematologic malignancies, especially patients with leukemia after chemotherapy and also in HIV patients. So far, in 11 patients reported in the literature, at least 8 cases are reported lesions on the lower limb, which is the most probable anatomic area for E. coli -induced Ecthyma gangrenosum . The E. coli -induced Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare infectious lesion that is particularly seen in patients with a malignancy history, and lower extremity lesions should be considered.