Introduction: Decisional procrastination refers to a maladaptive pattern of postponing a decision when faced with conflicts and choices. Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty in predicting decisional procrastination among the students. Method: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population included the students educating at the Master's level in Tehran, in 2019-2020. In total, 440 students were selected using convenience sampling method and the informed consent form was obtained from them. The participants completed the questionnaire of Decisional Procrastination, Fear of Failure, Self-compassion and Intolerance of Uncertainty. The statistical data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24.0) as well as the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and multiple regression methods. Results: CCA results indicated there was a significant correlation between the decisional procrastination and variables of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty among the students (P<0.001). Also, results of regression analysis revealed that 32% of the variance of the decisional procrastination variable could be predicted by predictor variables of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty. Conclusion: Considering the role of decisional procrastination in wasting time, poor performance and increased stress and the impact of fear of failure, self-compassion and intolerance of uncertainty on decisional procrastination, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue.


On the preparation of porous ceramics with composite sintering auxiliaries Y2O3-Al2O3,the main ingredient of SIC and CMC as the porous agent.The CMC content of composite structure and mechanical properties was studied,and the composite fracture morphology was analyzed with SEM.The investigation results showed that when the CMC was 12.5%,the sample had more complete microscopic skeleton,shape of the hole was rule,and distribution was homogeneous and had good mechanical properties.


This chapter provides a revised review of the psychological literature on reasoning and problem solving. Four classes of deductive reasoning are presented, including rule (mental logic) theories, semantic (mental model) theories, evolutionary theories, and heuristic theories. Major developments in the study of reasoning are also presented such as unified theories of reasoning and neuroscientific evidence for reasoning performance. The section on reasoning concludes with factors that influence reasoning performance, for example, context, instructions, relevance, and emotions. The psychological literature on problem solving is presented by discussing knowledge representations and strategies, including production systems, parallel distributed processing systems, algorithms, and heuristics. Major theories of problem solving are reviewed such as Newell and Simon's theory of problem solving and Anderson's Adaptive Control of Thought—Rational (ACT-R). Next, situated or embodied problem solving, technology-based problem solving, and neuroscientific evidence for problem solving are discussed as new perspectives in the study of problem solving. Finally, the section on problem solving concludes by reviewing mental sets, strategy selection, the effects of experience level, and knowledge on successful problem solving.

Keywords:

reasoning;
problem solving;
deduction;
cognitive processes;
human rationality


Short-circuit withstand capability test of transformers is mechanical strength withstand test under strong current imposed on power transformers, which is a kind of assessment method of comprehensive technical capabilities and technological level of transformer manufacturing. This paper analyzes the theory basis of short-circuit withstand capability test and calculates the imposed short-circuit current value and provides experimental scheme which is verified by the testing. All is to verify the ability to withstand a short circuit of 110kV power transformer.


Mark Elvin treats the problem of economic stagnation in the traditional Chinese rural economy as resulting from obstacles to technological innovation. In application to agriculture, Elvin's formulation may be put in these terms: why did the Chinese economy not succeed in introducing technological innovations into the process of cultivation, thereby increasing the productivity of agriculture? Elvin does not maintain that Chinese technology stood still during the medieval period. But he does hold that technical advances just managed to keep pace with population increase and resource depletion, with the result that welfare (per capita income) remained fixed (Elvin 1975:87). Technical breakthrough did not occur in spite of extensive commercial development, extensive production for the market, and considerable levels of scientific knowledge. Elvin proposes to explain the persistence of technical stagnation in the late traditional economy in terms of his notion of a high-level equilibrium trap. The following passage is formulated in terms of handicraft cotton production, but is equally applicable to farm technology.


In this paper, we present EdgeDrive, a networked edge cloud services framework which can support low-latency applications during mobility taking into account needs of the driver, nature of the required service and key network features. We implement head-mounted device (HMD) based Augmented Reality (AR) ADAS applications such as navigation, weather notification and annotation based assistance to drive the evaluation. These services are then coupled with the Mobile Edge Clouds (MECs) wherein the container based service migration is enabled based upon migration cost and required Quality of Experience (QoE) to support mobility. An emulator based evaluation is carried out on the ORBIT testbed using realistic San Francisco taxicab traces running over nine edge cloud nodes and AR HMD being used by drivers. The experiments show that the EdgeDrive can support low-latency ADAS applications with an average system latency less than 100 ms for the applications under consideration.


: CT DNA Analysis has the potential to overcome challenges for all stages in various types of cancers, including GI Cancers. Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) arises from the antigenicity of neoantigens derived from dying cancer cells and the adjuvancity of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). However , limited data are available regarding the effect of preanalytical variables on CT DNA results. Future studies using blood samples with well documented preanalytical variables are required to address which variables affect the quality of the samples and results of the CT DNA analysis. More sensitive PCR-based technologies have been developed for CT DNA analysis in recent years, such as droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and beads, emulsions, amplification and magnetic (BEAMing). Activated CD8+ T cells identify cancer cells as "Friend Or Foe" through contact with them. First, preanalytical variables for CT DNA, such as sample collection, handling, transport, processing and storage conditions may affect CT DNA analysis. Gastrointestinal Cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer and third most deadly cancer worldwide.


In the year 2017, a new political party entered Germany's parliament called 'Alternative for Germany' or AfD. Mainstream media labels the party far right, radical-right, right wing, national-conservative, populist, etc. Despite this, the AfD has tendencies towards Nazism. Nine books published between 2016 and 2018 examine the stratospheric rise of the AfD, founded in 2013. The review starts with a conservative view that examines 'what the AfD wants.' The next book discusses the 'AfD-Pegida' link. Pegida is the AfD's East-German and mostly Dresden-based street-fighting movement. The third book presents arguments on the AfD from across Germany's political spectrum. This leads to a book written as a 'letter to AfD voters'. The book outlines many inconstancies found in the AfD's party programme and its public announcements. Since the AfD claims to protect the occident, Europe and Germany in particular against hordes of Muslims and the Islamic religion, these issues are discussed in the next book. A quick look at the ideological background of the AfD points to an analysis of the party's relationship with the media. The final two books show how the AfD seeks to conquer Germany's political centre, based on a wealth of empirical data. Overall, the nine books provide one of the first comprehensive examinations of Germany's new radical-right party drawn from recent German language books.


Vanishing away is the thunderous speech of Paul, no discrimination among people, encountering the inhuman system of neolilberalism, insensitive to cries of the disadvantaged. Being economically deprived, differences of people, which are the basis of their dignity, are trivialized, ignored, and even negated. Instead of working toward the kingdom of God in which the rights of the poor are reinstated, churches become a community of the have and the powerful, moving away from the reign of God in which all the people without exception enjoy the fullness of life, experiencing equality that substantiates their differences. Considering that the core of Jesus' teaching is the reign of God providing equality that substantiates individual difference, Christianity should find an alternative way to ruthless neoliberal socioeconomic system. This article deals with a basic income guarantee (BIG), which is given to everyone in a given political community. While it can reduce economic gaps between the poor and the rich. the reduced gap falls short of promoting individual difference, that is, quantity of freedom. I proposed a reconfigured basic income guarantee (RBIG) which is supplemented by public education, public healthcare, and linguistic diversity, in order to promote both equality that substantiates differences of all people. Voluntary donations of individual Christians and/or voluntary team services of congregations can save a few, fortunate poor but leave many unfortunates to inhuman sociopolitical structure. Unlike Christian voluntarism which is short of the kingdom of God, an RBIG can address agonies of the impoverished many. An RBIG is a way of approximating the reign of God in which difference and equality can be balanced and well promoted.


The aim of experimental research was to verify the possibility of the prefabrication of the thin shielding cladding tiles from heavy weight concrete with fine. The minimal required density of the concrete was 3800 kg/m3 and the maximal particle size was 2 mm. Because of the though over technology of the complicated locks in the touch of tiles was necessary to achieve consistency around 210 mm flow with the Chryso cone test (modified slum flow test). To obtain this consistency without danger of the heavy weight aggregate segregation the superplasticizer was used. In first step was determined optimal amount of mixing water, in the second step we tested different frequency of vibration to achieve maximal consolidation and as a last step to define composition of mixture we tested 3 types of accelerators of concrete hardening to shorten time of hardening and to facilitate more effective production. As the optimal frequency of vibration for compacting process was determined 75 Hz. The best accelerator of concrete hardening for optimalized mixture was MasterSert XS100 from BASF producer.


This study addressed to describe the kinds of character developed in short story entitled "Bertengkar Berbisik (Argueing whispering)" and the applications of character development through learning short story entitled "Bertengkar Berbisik (Argueing whispering)" in Class IX of SMP Negeri 3 Purworejo.
It was a qualitative study using ethnography design. This study was done at SMP 3 Purworejo. Interviews were done to some informants, the principal, Indonesian teacher, and students. Data collection methods used were in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis used an interactive model of analysis started by (1) data reduction, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion. To check the validity of data used credibility, transferability, dependability,a nd confirmability.
The findings suggested that there were seven character values contained in the short story entitled "Bertengkar Berbisik (Argueing Wishpering)". The seven characters were religious, honest, responsibility, social care, tolerance, hard work, and democracy. Those seven characters were reflected through setting and characterization (sayings and actions) of the characters in the story. Character development was carried out through a process of learning story entitled "Bertengkar Berbisik (Argueing Whispering)". There were three steps taken by the teacher in the learning process of short story. First, put the value of the character in preparing the lesson plan. Second, use a variety of methods-lectures, discussion, and debate. Third are examples and creativity.


Abstract : The U.S. military is increasingly tasked to implement medical stability operations (MSOs). Current mandates by the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness establishes MSOs as a core U.S. military mission that the Military Health System (MHS) shall be prepared to conduct across the range of military operations (ROMO), including combat and noncombat environments. MSOs are given priority comparable to combat operations and are integrated across all MHS activities. However, programming the materiel resources in support of military operations that span the ROMO is contingent on accurately projecting the types of illness and injures that are likely to be received at deployed medical treatment facilities. This paper explains the methodology for developing accurate patient stream compositions for the ROMO. These missions include combat, noncombat, humanitarian assistance (HA), and disaster relief (DR) missions. This effort began with data development and then tool development. Using the Patient Condition Occurrence Frequency tool, a patient stream may be modified and adjustment factors may be applied to the scenario for age, gender, country, region, and more. The approach taken in this study leveraged available data collected after rigorous research. This research provided underlying data for a range of combat and noncombat missions.


We have commenced a survey of red stars in the direction of the Large Magellanic Cloud using the technique of ultra-low dispersion spectroscopy. This first paper is a listing of the red stars in the 30 Doradus region for which finding charts and coordinates on the Hodge-Wright Atlas charts are provided.


The textbooks, step by step, unfold from the "small" environment to "big" environment, from concrete to abstract and from the things around us to the earth we live in. The contents are gradually expanded in an orderly way. Evidently, there are a few defects which claim our attention. The environmental education is incoherent as the contents of environmental education almost appear in the second semester.


The lethal effect of three Trichoderma harzianum strains (T5A, Tl and T1A) and two Trichoderma viride strains (T15 and T17) on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea strain Bc6 was evaluated Both Trichoderma species showed mycoparasitism, leading the pathogen to death. The fungistatic effect, due to volatile and non-volatile metabolic compounds, led to the temporary inhibition of the development of lesions on apples for seven days. All strains produced extracellular proteins in liquid media, when B. cinerea was used as inductor and theirs kinetics presented significant differences (P<0.05). However no correlation was observed between these data and the mycoparasitism potential of the various strains in dual culture. With respect to fungistatic effect and enzymatic production was found positive correlaction for four strains. The relevance and the role of proteins and toxic metabolic compounds in the antagonism of Trichoderma spp. to the plant pathogen are discussed.


The present invention relates to a system 100 for enhancing the relaxation of the human 10 using biofeedback. System 100 includes physiological parameter reference parameter providing unit 60, a first for providing a first physiological parameter determining unit 20, a reference parameter for determining the first physiological parameter of the person 10 and the reference parameter a controller 40 for determining a control information based on the determined correlation for controlling the correlation determination unit 30 and the light source unit 50, for determining the degree of correlation between the control in the operation mode of the system information, the step of varying the color of light from the light source unit to warm shades than with lower color temperature by when step and / or correlation to the light source unit dimming is increased, and controls the light source unit 50.


OBJECTIVE
To study population dynamics of Buthus martensii and its wild spatial distribution pattern in Yan'an.

METHODS
Every month, the 1st, 10th and 20th day were designated to collect Buthus martensii samples and count on the collection by using expansion pattern target, Taylor power law and Lwao m-x regression analysis.

RESULTS
Taylor power law regression equation was Ig S2 = 1.6671 lg x + 0.1554; Lwao m-x regression equation was m = 1.3179 + 1.5133x. The spatial distribution pattern of Buthus martensii was negative binomial distribution and its population fluctuation curve in the wild presented a single peak.

CONCLUSION
Spatial pattern of Buthus martensii in Yan'an is aggregated distribution which based on individual group, and the higher density,the greater aggregation degree.


Abstract The validity of application of a linear correlation to the kinetics of oxidation of uranium(IV) by multicharged metal ions in aqueous perchlorate media has been examined. The plot of ΔG∗ versus ΔG° for most of these redox reactions was fairly linear with a slope slightly smaller than that required by the Marcus theory. This behaviour suggests that at least some of these reactions proceed via outer-sphere mechanism. The variation in the structure of reactants in the rate-determining step, in particular quadrivalent uranium from the hydrated U4+ to the oxytype oxidation states UO+ 2 or UO2+ 2, was found to play a very important role in the reaction kinetics. Reaction mechanisms consistent with the empirical rate laws and the kinetic parameters were discussed.


Patent litigation reveals important information about the validity of the contested patent to other potential entrants. This paper explores the implications of such informational externalities for entry dynamics in the presence of multiple potential entrants. The nature of the entry game can be one of either waiting or preemption depending on the degree of patent protection. Therefore, the payoffs for the patentee and the initial imitator are discontinuous in the degree of patent protection. Furthermore, strengthening intellectual property rights is not necessarily desirable for the patentee. The analysis may also help explain the apparently puzzling practice of delaying patent suits. Copyright 1998 by American Economic Association.


Single hematite pellets having not so large porosity are reduced over a temperature range 600-1000°C and a flow-rate range 0.1-20Nl/min. In the initial stage of reduction, hydrogen is diluted by nitrogen which flows through a reactor until it reaches a set temperature, and the reaction retards especially at low flow rates. In the course of reduction, hydrogen is also diluted by the product gas. For these dilution processes, the dispersion model is introduced into the unreacted-core shrinking (UCS) models for one and three interfaces in consideration of the resistance due to the rate of gas flow proposed by Clair. With appropriate selection of kinetic constants, the modified models produce greatly improved fit to experimental data.Porous wustite pellets are reduced and their reduction rates are analyzed by using modified grain and intermediate models; for this case the latter analysis gives rather satisfactory results. Then, multi-stage diffusional (MSD) model is derived on the basis of the intermediate model, and the calculated results are compared with hematite-reduction data. Both reduction curves based on this model and the three interface UCS model reproduce experimental ones very well, while interface radii based on the MSD model simulate cross-sectional view much better than those based on the three interface model. When basic hematite pellets are reduced at 1000°C, the reduction rate decreases extremely in the final stage. An equation of solid-state diffusion is introduced into the MSD model; fairly good agreement is seen up to the final stage.Packed beds of Hamersley pellets are reduced over a temperature range 600-1000°C and a flow-rate range 1-45Nl/min. Not only reduction curves and exit hydrogen flow-rate but core radii and local fractional-reduction in beds reduced partially are measured. The equations of mass balance for a fixed bed are combined with the UCS models for one and three interfaces and numerical calculations are done by the method of characteristics or by an approximate approach; the results calculated by both methods are much the same. Calculated results based on the three interface model reproduce experimental data much better than those based on the Rist model or the one interface model.Porous pure-hematite pellets and basic pellets (fluxed pellets) are reduced at 800 and 1000°C, respectively, and their rates are analyzed by the approximate approach based on the MSD models with and without the solid-state diffusion; each analysis reproduces respective experimental data very well.


SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2008 56 Blinding Midwestern rains in late May and early June pushed rivers to record-setting levels in parts of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Wisconsin. On June 17, the mighty Mississippi River surged above the historic July 1993 flood crest from Keithsburg, Illinois, to Burlington, Iowa. Farther downstream, the Mississippi burst through several levees in Illinois, Iowa, and Missouri while climbing to its secondor third-highest level on record, behind July 1993 and April 1973 from Keokuk, Iowa, to Winfield, Missouri. Many Mississippi River tributaries also flooded, with the Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, surging 19.12 feet above flood stage and eclipsing the previous record crest by a stunning 11.12 feet. Heavy rain also pelted the east-central and southeastern Plains, although those areas avoided major flooding. In contrast, drought worsened across the southern half of the High Plains, in spite of occasional showers, due to hot weather and pre-existing sub-soil moisture shortages. Drought intensified across most of the South, except in Florida, where rainfall curbed irrigation demands and reduced the wildfire threat. In California, however, a rash of lightning strikes on June 20-21 ignited more than 800 wildfires. For the remainder of the month, more than two dozen large wildfire complexes (100 acres or greater) charred more than 200,000 acres of vegetation and shrouded northern and central California in smoke. Monthly temperatures ranged from more than 5°F above normal at several locations in Texas, the Southeast, and the Desert Southwest to as much as 5°F below normal on the northern Plains.


This study is mainly focused to produce a Sustained release dosage form of aceclofenac drug. The Sustained release tablet is an important need for the management of chronic diseases like pain, inflammation, and cardiac problems. This Sustained release dosage is prepared using different types of polymers like semi-synthetic, synthetic, and natural polymers used in different ratios. The tablet characteristics prepared with the official limits. The release of aceclofenac from tablets containing different polymer was completed within 12 hours and 8 hours using phosphate buffer 7.5 pH. Various evaluation studies are carried out like hardness, weight variation, friability, and drug content of prepared tablets. The prepared tablet was stable and no changes are shown in physical changes. Aceclofenac is the considerable NSAID utilized for the respite of pain and inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis and originated in various Sustained release dosage forms. Many research technologies have been developed for the propose and formulation of Sustained release tablets of Aceclofenac, which comprises different types of polymeric material and new methodologies were reviewed in this paper.


A comprehensive experimental investigation was carried out on a lower Cretaceous friable intact sand formation retrieved from northeastern Alberta. Index tests, microstructural observations, and mineralogical composition analyses were carried out to confirm that this formation fits into the locked sand category. The significance of the local strain measurements in revealing salient deformation characteristics of this formation was explored under uniaxial stress conditions. The test results showed that the characteristics of this formation are in keeping with the characteristics of locked sands. The intimacy between the grains stems from authigentic quartz creating interlocking rather than cementation. The results also revealed that local axial and lateral strain measurements are essential for proper behavioral characterization and failure mechanism interpretation of locked sands. The interlocked fabric results in an exceptionally high uniaxial strength and elastic axial stiffness. The disruption of the interlocking is achieved through the lateral expansion of the sample and formation of dilation bands.


H.264/AVC video delivered through erroneous network has been reported weaker to errors when intra-refresh is used in multiple reference frame structure. This paper proposes a new reference selection method to improve this inefficient error resilience.


The question of a partitioned Cyprus after World War II has become an especially sensitive and complex question of the modern international community. The paper analyses the history of Cyprus, starting from the time the Republic of Cyprus attained independence, the covering the Turkish invasion of the island and the declaration of independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) to the present day. It gives an overview of relevant United Nations resolutions with special reference to United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP). The whole problem of the Republic of Cyprus and the self-proclaimed and by International Law not recognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and illegal occupation that lasts for more than three decades is analysed from the aspect of International Law. Some of the most important plans regarding a solution to the Cyprus problem are also presented and their advantages and shortcomings are commented.


Much of what seventeenth-century writers and preachers had to say about allegiance was framed in terms of deference to the past: subjects owed obedience now because they were heirs to some ancient obedience rightfully exacted. Patriachalists and contractualists alike supposed that questions of legitimacy were best resolved by examining what they took to be the origins of human society. Eventually it became possible to construct a utilitarian political theory which instead judged a given system in terms of the needs it met; Richard Cumberland's De Legibus Naturae (1672) marks an important stage in this process. His cosmology is Christian and his political theory shares many trappings with those of his contemporaries, but from an examination of human interdependence he succeeds in establishing an unequivocally utilitarian account of sovereignty.


Large penetration of variable renewable sources and electronic loads put short-term stress on microgrids. Energy storage systems account for a reliable way to mitigate these issues. However, depending on the electro-chemistry, each one can contribute differently to the reduction of daily energy losses. Accordingly, this work presents a benchmark of the introduction of two battery technologies into DC microgrids. The GAMS package was used to solve the economic dispatch problem. Results show that lithium-based technologies showed higher overall performance against lead-acid counterparts. Particularly, iron phosphate technology was not only able to reduce daily energy losses but also to reduce power losses by over 40%. The results of this work provide great insights for planning DC microgrids.


........................................................................................................................................... VI CHAPTER ONE: ORIENTATION TO THE STUDY........................................................................................ 8 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 8 RESEARCH QUESTION .................................................................................................................................... 8 AIM OF STUDY ............................................................................................................................................. 8 THE ROLE OF CLINICAL PLACEMENT IN LEARNING ............................................................................................... 8 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY .......................................................................................................................... 9 RELEVANCE OF STUDY ................................................................................................................................. 15 PERSONAL CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................... 16 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................................... 17 BIAS AND PRE UNDERSTANDINGS .................................................................................................................. 18 A STORY FROM MY PRACTICE ........................................................................................................................ 19 OVERVIEW OF THIS THESIS ........................................................................................................................... 21 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 22 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................23 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 23 THE SOCIAL THEORY OF LEARNING ................................................................................................................. 23 CLINICAL PLACEMENT .................................................................................................................................. 24 CLINICAL EDUCATOR STUDENT RELATIONSHIP ................................................................................................ 27 STUDENT-PEER RELATIONSHIPS ..................................................................................................................... 29 STUDENT-PATIENT RELATIONSHIPS ................................................................................................................ 31 FEEDBACK ................................................................................................................................................. 33 CLINICAL PRACTICE ..................................................................................................................................... 35 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND METHODS .............................................................39 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 39 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 39 THE ORIGINS OF PHENOMENOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 40 HEIDEGGERIAN HERMENEUTIC PHENOMENOLOGY ............................................................................................ 41 PRE-UNDERSTANDINGS/FORE-STRUCTURES ..................................................................................................... 43 THE HERMENEUTIC CIRCLE ........................................................................................................................... 44


This note remedies a risk measure, which was proposed by the work of Jan and Wang (2012). They used property of martingale to measure idiosyncratic risk, and illustrated that it is better than the measurements of variance and semivariance. However, their risk measure can't distinguish between the assets whose return rising firstly and then declining, and the assets whose return declining firstly and then rising. In this note, I propose a remedied method, which puts more weight to the recent return's variation, and demonstrate that the new weighting risk measure is more close to the investor risk conception.


The status and development of technology in coal water slurry,gasification,direct and indirect liquefaction of coal in domestic and international scope were introduced.


In a sample test of pre-pump valves for a certain rocket engine,the fatigue failure of the valve's opening-closing cavity bellow assembly occurred.The analysis result shows that the causation of fatigue is bi-directional bending fatigue rupture.Aiming at the problem of protraction and contraction of the bellow assembly,some improvement on the bellow assembly,finite element analysis,bellow trial-manufacture and bellow fatigue test were made.The results indicate the stress distribution of new bellows assembly is reasonable,the fatigue life increases greatly.The improved bellow was tested.The computation and the testing results are basically consistent and satisfied.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an aggressive disease which have high recurrence after surgery. Current standard methods for the diagnosis and detection of recurrence are invasive or low sensitivity. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) has demonstrated promising results for monitoring as recurrence in several cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of plasma and urinary ctDNA as a tumor biomarker for UTUC among a perioperative period. METHODS: This study included 23 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) diagnosed as UTUC from January 2019 to December 2020. In each patient, whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor DNA and corresponding peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) DNA were performed by next generation sequencer. Tumor speci fi c mutations were identi fi ed by comparing the single nucleotide variants from tumors and PBMCs. To investigate ctDNA by dPCR analysis, we designed primers and probes for each mutation. We also obtained plasma and urine ctDNA from each patient. Longitudinal variant allele frequency (VAF) of ctDNA were plot on a perioperative period. RESULTS: The median age was 71 years old (range 57-82). 13 cases were renal pelvis cancer, and 10 cases were ureteral cancer. The median tumor mutation burden in all cases was 3.02/Mb (range 0.00-15.97). Tumor speci fi c mutations such as TERT, PIK3CA and p53 gene were selected by individualized patient, and performed plasma and urinary ctDNA monitoring by dPCR in 7 patients. Tumor speci fi c mutations were detected in preoperative samples and VAFs of ctDNA decreased quickly after RNU in 5 patients. Tumor speci fi c mutations were not detected in 2 patients who were pT0 due to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: VAFs in plasma and urinary ctDNA were associated with tumor burden. Individualized ctDNA monitoring could be a useful biomarker for UTUC. Under IRB-approved samples collected from primary UTUC patients before nephroureterectomy Patients concomitant positive biopsies samples analyzed using third generation of comprehensive high-de fi nition single cell assay (HDSCA3.0) detect single cell circulatory tumor (CTCs). fi ndings the samples of normal blood donors (NBDs) A total of 5 UTUC patients and 5 NBDs pilot Demographic and pathological features of the UTUC pa- tients All patients showed papillary UTUC with no variant histology. HDSCA3.0 analysis that rare cells are detectable in the peripheral


This chapter presents an empirical first look at the relationship between Internet technology and protest occurrence at the level of cities. The authors argue that the expansion of Internet coverage should lower the incidence rate of anti-regime protest: governments enjoy a high level of control over Internet technology and content, which they can use to prevent protest. Building on the book's research design introduced in Chapter 4, the chapter tests this theoretical expectation by presenting descriptive statistics and later by estimating multilevel regression models. In line with the authors' argument, the analysis reveals a negative effect of Internet penetration on protest incidence. In other words, high Internet penetration in a given city reduces the likelihood of anti-regime protest incidence in autocracies. This effect is robust across a number of different model specifications and time periods.


The increase in utilization of digital systems for rapid prototyping has compelled researcher to use Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware. The Hardware description language (HDL) such as Verilog and VHDL, etc. are utilized for designing digital systems on FPGA. The HDL core can be designed either by the designing a core by indivisual or by using the ready-to-use cores provided by FPGA vendors. The cores provided by FPGA vendors are Intellectual Property core (IP-core) which provides an rapid prototyping option for implementation on FPGA. The IP-core provided by one FPGA vendor cannot be used on other vendors FPGAs. Therefore, designing an HDL core by indivisual provides the design portability on FPGA, as the core designed by indivisual can be used on FPGA of any vendor. Therefore, in scenarios where it is required to have FPGA platform independent solution, an individual designed HDL core is highly recommended instead of IP-core provided by FPGA vendors. Moreover, the licensing is required for many IP-cores; which makes it less feasible for low-cost design as licensed IP-core are available on payment. In this work, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm HDL core design is compared between HDL core designed by individual and IP-core provided by different FPGA vendors. Experimental results show that the comparison of implementations present quite similar results; however, design portability of an HDL core designed by an individual makes it more attractive in contrast to that is available by FPGA vendors.


Left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has recently been introduced as a physiological pacing technique with a synchronous ventricular activation.

 To prospectively evaluate the feasibility and learning curve, as well as the electrical characteristics of LBBAP.

 In 80 consecutive LBBAP pacemaker patients, ECG characteristics during intrinsic rhythm, RV septum pacing (RVSP) and LBBAP were evaluated. From the ECG's QRS duration and LVAT (stimulus to V6 R-wave peak time, RWPT) were measured. Also, the left bundle branch potential (LBBpot) to V6 RWPT interval was measured and compared to the LVAT. After conversion of the ECG into VCG (Kors conversion matrix), QRS area, as measurement for electrical dyssynchrony, was calculated.

 Permanent lead implantation was successful in 77/80 patients (96%) undergoing an attempt at LBBAP. LBBAP lead implantation time as well as fluoroscopy time were significantly shorter during last 25% of implantation compared to first 25% of implantations (17±5 min vs. 33±16 min and 12±7 min vs. 21±13 min, respectively, panel A and B). LBB capture was obtained in 54/80 patients (68%). In 36/45 patients (80%) with intact AV conduction and narrow QRS an LBBpot was present. The mean interval between the LBBpot and the onset of QRS was 22±6 ms.
 In the patients with narrow QRS (n=45), QRS duration increased significantly during both RVSP (139±24 ms) and LBBAP (123±21 ms), compared to intrinsic rhythm (95±13 ms).
 QRS area on the other hand, increased during both RVSP (73±20 μVs) but decreased during LBBAP (41±15 μVs), to values close to intrinsic rhythm (32±16 μVs, panel C). For all patients, QRS area was significantly lower in patients with LBB capture compared to patients without capture (43±18 μVs vs 54±21 μVs, respectively).
 In patients with LBB capture (n=54), LVAT was significantly shorter compared to patients without LBB capture (75±14 vs. 88±9 ms, respectively). In the patients with LBB capture, there was a significant correlation between the LBBpot – V6 RWPT and S – V6 RWPT intervals (Pearson correlation 0.739, P<0.001).

 LBBAP is a safe and feasible technique, with a clear learning curve that seems obtained after ± 40–60 implantations. LBB capture is obtained in two-thirds of patients. Although QRS duration remains prolonged, LBBAP largely restores ventricular electrical synchrony to values close to intrinsic (narrow QRS) rhythm.

 Type of funding sources: None.


effect was defined as a ‡ 3 log10 (99.9% killing) reduction in CFU compared with the initial test inoculum. Colony counts were determined and averaged from each sample. The results are presented in Fig. 1. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed bactericidal activity against E. coli J53 (pQR1) at concentrations two-, fourand eight-fold higher than the MICs, beginning after incubation for 2 h and 4 h for ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. These results indicated that transfer of QnrA into E. coli J53 did not modify the bactericidal activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Martı́nez-Martı́nez et al. [2] reported that QnrA mayenhance selectionof higher levels of quinolone resistance [2]. The low level of resistance conferred by QnrA may allow the bacterial population to reach a concentration at which secondary chromosomal mutations for higher levels of quinolone resistance may occur. However, the bactericidal activity of fluoroquinolones remained unchanged. Our results indicate that, in the absence of additional chromosome-encoded quinolone resistance mechanisms, QnrA-positive enterobacterial isolates may remain susceptible to the bactericidal effect of fluoroquinolones. Animal infection models, as well as clinical studies, may provide further evidence to support these in-vitro results.


Motivated by the advancing computational capacity of wireless end-user equipment (UE), as well as the increasing concerns about sharing private data, a new machine learning (ML) paradigm has emerged, namely federated learning (FL). Specifically, FL allows a decoupling of data provision at UEs and ML model aggregation at a central unit. By training model locally, FL is capable of avoiding direct data leakage from the UEs, thereby preserving privacy and security to some extent. However, even if raw data are not disclosed from UEs, an individual's private information can still be extracted by some recently discovered attacks against the FL architecture. In this work, we analyze the privacy and security issues in FL, and discuss several challenges to preserving privacy and security when designing FL systems. In addition, we provide extensive simulation results to showcase the discussed issues and possible solutions.


Abstract : This report includes the minimum requirements for central dental high-vacuum (HIVAC) oral evacuation systems and associated centrally plumbed distribution networks for use in USAF dental health facilities. These specifications are interim until joint evaluations by the Dental Investigation Service and the Health Laboratory establish standards for dental clinics. (Author)


The F forms, as defined by the Periodic Bond Chain Theory, of K 2 S 4 O 6 with space group Cc have been derived from the crystal structure. When each F form is characterized by the indices {nh, nk, nl} of its slice thickness d nh,nk,nl and when polarity is disregarded, the F forms are in decreasing order of d nh,nk,nl : {200}, {110}, {111}, {111}, {400}, {310}, {311}, {002}, {202}, {311}, {202}, {402}, {312}, {312} and {402}. The description as given by Groth (Chemische Krystallographie, Vol. II, p. 717) contains several errors. A new description is given. The observed forms are all F forms. To explain the polar habit the hypothesis is made that the dehydration of the cations determines the growth rate of a face. This hypothesis leads to the prediction that {202} should be present at the positive end of the c axis and {311} at the negative end. This agrees with the observations


Background: Exclusive breastfeeding rates remain low in Kenya and determinants influencing mothers' practice are documented. Little is known about factors underlying health professionals' intention to support mothers to continue exclusive breastfeeding. Effective behavior modification requires designing interventions at multiple levels of influence, informed by theory-based research to identify relevant determinants. Objectives: To identify salient beliefs held by health professionals about support of mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months and to explore definitions of the term support. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 6 public health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya. We used open-ended questions based on the reasoned action approach to elicit salient consequences, referents, and circumstances perceived by 15 health professionals about support for mothers to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months. Results: The most frequently mentioned consequences were healthier babies (87%) and reduced childhood ailments (67%). The main disadvantage was human immunodeficiency virus transmission through breast milk (33%). Colleagues (80%) and managers (67%) were perceived as approving referents, whereas some mothers/couples (40%) and the breast milk substitute industry (20%) were perceived as disapproving. Facilitating circumstances included lighter workload, better training, and more time. Definitions of support were varied and included giving information and demonstrating positioning and attachment techniques. Conclusions: Overall, health professionals perceived positive consequences toward supporting exclusive breastfeeding continuation and identified a number of approving referents. However, they reported challenging circumstances in the work environment, which managers need to address to help health professionals provide the support needed by Kenyan mothers to continue exclusive breastfeeding.


The present invention belongs to a gasifying device and a gasifying method for the chlorine-alkali and chlorine product chemical industry to transform the liquid chlorine to the chlorine gas (raw gas). The device comprises a cylindrical shaped tower body which is provided with a gasifying cavity with a hot water circulation chamber and a gasifying pipe group as well as a gas-liquid separating cavity, a raw liquid chlorine cavity is arranged in the cylindrical shaped tower body; a chlorine gas output pipe provided with a temperature display device and a low temperature alarm device, the chlorine gas output pipe is arranged on the top of the column body; a liquid chlorine input pipe with a liquid chlorine transfer valve and a switch valve, the liquid chlorine input pipe is arranged on the bottom of the column body, a liquid level meter; a signal acquisition controller; a switch valve controller; and an auto regulation mechanism of a hot water input valve and a liquid chlorine input valve and a corresponding valve opening; and a pressure meter. The method of the liquid chlorine gasifying includes readiness for operation, debugging operation and automatic operation. The present invention stops the explosion caused by the accumulation of NC13 in the gasifying cavity and improves the gasifying efficiency because of adding the raw liquid chlorine cavity and adopting the gasifying pipe group to gasify; the present invention has the advantages that the gasifying process is safe and reliable, the performance is stable, the accommodation limit is wide, and the gasifying efficiency is high.


This paper presents a novel iris texture features extraction algorithm based on zero spectral moment filters(ZSMF).After pre-processing,the iris image was decomposed via ZSMF in order to get more exact iris (texture) features.Experimental results show that the speed of the algorithm is fast and the algorithm is(efficient.)


The effect of the organism on drug is a complex biochem ic al process. But this paper uses the chemical kinetics principle and method to an a lyse the eliminating discipline in the metabolic course of the drug in the human bo dy, and uses the chemical kinetics discipline to discuss the stability of the dr ug.


MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations were performed on hydrides, fluorides, and chlorides of 1,8-bis(dichloroboryl)naphthalene and 1,2-bis(dichloroboryl)benzene. The theoretical analysis of BHB−, BFB−, and BClB− arrangements occurring in these complexes and classified as bifurcated triel bonds was partly based on decomposition of the energy of interaction. The latter was carried out for structures optimized using the DFT method. The complexes analyzed were characterized by a partly covalent character of the links to the hydride and halide anions; these anions strongly influenced the geometry of the complexes. The boron centers' links for the neutral 1,8-bis(dichloroboryl)naphthalene and 1,2-bis(dichloroboryl)benzene molecules were characterized by approximately trigonal and planar configurations, while for anionic complexes, tetrahedral configurations were observed. The crystal structures of compounds related to species calculated here were found in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).


IN T H E BEGINNING OF Tivo Times Resurrection ( 1985), one of the two novels from the Solomon Islands,' Rexford T. Orotaloa describes a village feast on an artificial island in a Malaitan lagoon: "The smell of cooked pig and other good food f loa ted . . . in the air, while fleets of canoes could be seen gathering around the island. M e n and women . . . wore their best costumes. Dancers of mighty power blew the pan-pipes, and when . . . men trod on the ground in the men's arena . . . the whole island shook" (4 ) . After a pan-piping competition of epic proportions, the village "big man" distributes pork and taro, while handsome young men and women eye one another as prospective marriage partners. Finally, o ld men tell stories about "the many happy times of other feasts in years before." The stories make them weep because they fear Christianity will destroy "the old way of life—the feasting and doing things together as they were done in this village" (5). The o ld men are right. Not long after the feast, the newly converted islanders desert their homes and move to a Christian village on the coast. The feast is the o ld village's last communal event, and it both celebrates and mourns a way of life, only remnants of which still exist in the Malaitan lagoons. One finds the elegiac tone of Orotaloa's description in numerous Pacific Islands novels: the Samoan writer Albert Wendt has suggested that an "enormous sense of loss" is the most common sentiment in the region's literature ( 2 0 2 0 4 ) . This sentiment pervades Two Times Resurrection, which depicts the capitalist transformation of the Solomon Islands and an individual's struggle to survive that transformation without losing what he values in traditional Melanesian society. In this Melanesian


As the DRAM gate CD is a critical parameter for contact resistance for self-aligned contact as well as transistor performance, CD control by change of process parameter such as O/sub 2/ flow rate is introduced to suppress the wafer-to-wafer and lot-to-lot CD variation. During the gate CD control by changing the O/sub 2/ flow rate, it is necessary to real time monitor the plasma status to determine whether the required result would be obtained or not. By using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and multivariate analysis, process status index (PSI) has been derived. And it can be confirmed that PSI has strong correlation with the O/sub 2/ flow rate and CD skew (= post etch CD - pre etch CD) as well. This idea was applied for monitoring mass wafers in a gate mask etch chamber. And process drift as well as first wafer effect could be observed.


This paper presents a study of a regenerative braking system for a Torus machine. The focus is on the analysis of a potential application in a system for energy recovery from regenerative braking. The energy generated is supplied to an energy storage system. One of the main results of this method is the possibility of braking intensity control through control of the energy stored in the inductance of the machine. The braking maximum efficiency reached 82.2 %.


We prove that the linear statistics of the eigenvalues of a Wigner matrix converge to a universal Gaussian process on all mesoscopic spectral scales, that is, scales larger than the typical eigenvalue spacing and smaller than the global extent of the spectrum.


This is an updated version of a book first published in 1997. There is no indication that the original chapters have been re-written to reflect more recent scholarship or a change of view. Instead,...


In this paper we present a redundantly actuated parallel mechanism for ankle rehabilitation. The proposed device has the advantage of mechanical and kinematic simplicity when compared with the state-of-the-art multi-degree-of-freedom parallel mechanism prototypes while at the same time it is fully capable of carrying out the exercises required by the ankle rehabilitation protocols. Optimization of the device workspace, dexterity, torque output and size was carried out during the design phase of the device. The development of the system involved the realization of a new customized linear actuator able to meet the speed and force requirements of the device functionality. We also discuss the impedance-based control scheme used for the redundantly actuated device, which allows the execution of both assistive and resistive strengthening rehabilitation regimes. Results from the control of a single linear actuator and further experimental tests including the position tracking of the fully actuated platform are presented. It is believed that the performance and the simplicity of the proposed mechanism will allow the widespread use of the system as a new aid tool for ankle rehabilitation.


A number of critical innovations spurred the rapid expansion in the use of field experiments by academics. Some of these were econometric but many were intensely practical. Researchers learned how to work with a wide range of implementing organizations from small, local nongovernmental organizations to large government bureaucracies. They improved data collection techniques and switched to digital data collection. As researchers got more involved in the design and implementation of the interventions they tested, new ethical issues arose. Finally, the dramatic rise in the use of experiments increased the benefits associated with research transparency. This chapter records some of these practical innovations. It focuses on how to select and effectively work with the organization running an intervention which is being evaluated; ways to minimize attrition, monitor enumerators, and ensure data are collected consistently in treatment and comparison areas; practical ethical issues such as when to start the ethics approval process; and research transparency, including how to prevent publication bias and data mining and the role of experimental registries, preanalysis plans, data publication reanalysis, and replication efforts.


A "compatible" stereophonic record is one which will reproduce full stereophonic sound when played on a stereophonic phonograph and will be indistinguishable from an LP record when played on a monaural phonograph. Such a record may be obtained by recording the sum signal S=L+R as lateral modulation and the difference signal D=L-R as vertical modulation and suitably modifying D so that the tracking possibilities of monaural pickups are not exceeded.


Methods for combining measurements on multiple dimensions of quality of life can reduce the dimensionality of the data and increase the precision of estimation. When the dimensions are weighted according to their importance to patients, the resulting estimate is clinically useful and provides a step towards a true utility estimate. We derive two such weighting methods using linear regression on a measure of overall quality of life and demonstrate their usefulness in the analysis of quality of life data from two clinical trials of cancer therapies. Procedures for transforming the quality of life measures into utility measures are demonstrated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The entity model of planetary gears is found and imported to FEM software.This paper analyses its natural characteristics and distills the natural frequency and vibration modes and studies the influences of tooth modulus,helix angle and radial and shaft support stiffness and gear parameters on the natural characteristics of planetary gears.It is important to optimize the design of the drive system.


Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is seen in almost all cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As a result, targeting EGFR has become an attractive subject of research in fields such as antitumor research and the most important strategy for cancer treatment, in particular, in the treatment of non-small-cell lung malignancies using EGFR-targeting therapies. Methods: For this purpose, novel N- and 5- disubstituted aminorhodanine derivatives were synthesized by Schiff base and using a Knoevenagel condensation approach over two steps of reactions. Then, rhodanine derivatives were analyzed their cytotoxic effect on A549 lung cancer and Hdfn normal cell and compared the analysis result with erlotinib (anticancer drug) as standard to determine their activities on cancer cell and toxicity or safety on normal cell. Results: Synthetic compounds (2a1-2, 2b1-2) showed different effects at 24, 48 and 72h. The higher anticancer effect was seen for 2a2 and 2a1with IC50 10 μg/mL and 32.59 μg/mL, respectively, at 24h and 72 h. Also, they show high anticancer potency at 72h with low effect and high safety on human normal cell. Conclusions: Developing a new series of rhodanine derivatives and evaluating their anticancer activity is the main goal of the study. In silico and in vitro antitumor investigations for newly synthesized compounds with different properties and functional group in chemical structure revealed different activities against lung cancer cell. Compounds 2a1-2 which contain pyridine ring in their chemical structure showed more potent effect than the derivative that bearing furyl ring (2b1-2).


A fuzzy tracking control scheme for chaotic system is given, which is based on robust regulator theory. Simulation results show controller derived by the given method can be used for chaos synchronization; control performance is robust to parameters perturbation of driving system while sensitive to parameters perturbation of responding system.


Diffusion of the Basque sport, Pelota, has progressed beyond the anthropological borders of the Basque people. In addition to spreading throughout Spain and France, pelota has come to the attention of Belgians and Italians. This situation is analyzed using data collected via surveys, interviews, documentary studies and cartographic studies. Four main dimensions appear germane to an understanding of this development: a strong expression of a community spirit, a federal politics of equipment, affinitary recompositions and cultural transnationalism. This empirical study allows to consider a more theoretical aspect relative to the use of the notions of sporting evolution and diffusion. A sociological frame of reference constructed around the four repertoires: expressiveness, communication, efficiency and competition shows under which conditions a traditional game transforms itself into a modern sport.


Large single crystals of sodium beta''-alumina were grown by slow evaporation of Na/sub 2/O at 1690/sup 0/C from a mixture of Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/, MgO, and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Polarized Raman measurements were made on the Na ..beta..'' single crystals and on single crystals of Li, K, Rb, and Ag ..beta..'' prepared by ion exchange of Na ..beta..''. The low frequency Raman spectra of Na, K, Rb, and Ag ..beta..'' contained four or more bands due to vibrations of the mobile cations. These results were analyzed by assuming the spectra to be due to the normal modes of a defect cluster consisting of a cation vacancy surrounded by three cations. From model calculations, the Raman band of Na ..beta..'' at 33 cm/sup -1/ is assigned to the attempt mode for diffusion of Na/sup +/ ions. The structure of a Ag ..beta..'' single crystal was investigated by neutron diffraction, and 20% of the Ag /sup +/ ion sites were found to be vacant.


2014 Dispersion frequencies for face centred cobalt have been computed along the principal symmetry directions on the basis of a lattice dynamical model which takes into account central and angular interaction coupling with the first neighbours only. The electron-ion interaction has been described along the lines suggested by Krebs. Ionic pressure has been introduced to maintain the crystal equilibrium. The simple model gives a satisfactory explanation of phonon dispersion curves and a reasonably good agreement with measured data has been obtained. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 39, AOÛT 1978, Classification Physics Abstracts 63.20


We have evaluated characteristic deviation and characteristic degradation of poly-Si thin-film phototransistors. We found that the characteristic deviation is not negligible, which seems due to energy distribution of excimer-laser crystallization, and must be compensated for some applications. We found that the characteristic degradation is negligible, which is convenient for abovementioned applications.


Let $\textbf {G}$ be a simply connected semisimple algebraic group over a field of characteristic greater than the Coxeter number. We construct a monoidal action of the diagrammatic Hecke category on the principal block $\operatorname {Rep}_0(\textbf {G})$ of $\operatorname {Rep}(\textbf {G})$ by wall-crossing functors. This action was conjectured to exist by Riche and Williamson. Our method uses constructible sheaves and relies on Smith–Treumann theory.


The concept of a thermal power loop (TPL) to transport thermal power over relatively large distances is presented as an alternative to heat pipes and their derivatives. The TPL is compared to heat pipes, and capillary pumped loops with respect to size, weight, conservation of thermal potential, start-up, and 1-g testing capability. Test results from a proof of feasibility demonstrator at the NASA JPL are discussed. This analysis demonstrates that the development of specific thermal power loops will result in substantial weight and cost savings for many spacecraft.


Salen-titanium(IV) complexes are introduced as a new family of highly efficient antitumor complexes, being the first cytotoxic titanium(IV) complexes of trans labile ligands, as characterized crystallographically. Four complexes with different aromatic substitutions were analyzed, reveling a meaningful effect of the ligand structure on the complex performance. All complexes exhibit high hydrolytic stability, where the labile OAr ligands hydrolyze in a 10% D(2)O solution with t(1/2) ranging from 2 to 11 h. The IC(50) values obtained for three of the salen complexes studied on HT-29 colon and OVCAR-1 ovarian cells demonstrate activity that exceeds those of the known tianium(IV) complexes Cp(2)TiCl(2) and (bzac)(2)Ti(OiPr)(2) and that of cisplatin, where the most active para-chlorinated complex exhibits activity enhancement relative to cisplatin by 10-fold.


The tertiary recovery of waterflood residual oil by steam injection has been studied. For this purpose, use has been made of a conventional thermal and specially developed thermal/compositional mathematical simulator. The conclusion is that steam-strip drive seems to be a viable, tertiary recovery process. Areal and vertical sweep efficiencies are comparable with those of favorable mobility ratio waterfloods. The stripping effect reduces the residual oil to values below the distillation residual value. (14 refs.)


Abstract "Rural Science Fiction" (RSF) is a new category of science fiction comedy film, which has recently emerged in China. In RSF, modern farmers are presented as the protagonist, and alien visitors as the other. In the context of changing rural environments, two opposing views are expressed, which leads to a unique comedy: on the one hand, the vision of longing inspired by the trends of commercialization, industrialization, and urbanization; and on the other hand, the worthlessness of these trends. In RSF, thoughts concerning the prospect of technology, the future of human beings, and the interstellar interactions are mainly carried out from the perspective of country folks, whose wisdom is shown through indigenous methods that are adapted to local conditions. As a result, the "low-tech" earthmen typically defeat the "high-tech" aliens.


Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole and haloperidol in treatment of schizophrenia.Method:Antipsychotic efficacy was assessed by positive and negative symptom scale(PANSS)and clinical global impressions-severity of illness rating scale(CGI-SI),antipsychotic side effect was assessed by treatment emergent symptom scale(TESS)and rating scale for extrapyrarnidal side effects(RSESE)in 50 patients treated by aripiprazole(aripiprazole group)and 48 patients treated by haloperidol(haloperidol group)for six weeks.Results:The efficacy was similar in two groups.The reduction of total negative score in patients of aripiprazole group was significantly higher than that in haloperidol group after 4 and 6 weeks.Patients in aripiprazole group had significantly less side effects.Conclusion:Aripiprazole is an effective and safe antipsychotic.


A vertical memory device comprises a plurality of channel columns, a charge storage film structure, and a plurality of gate electrodes. Each of the channel columns includes a plurality of channels which is extended on a substrate along a first direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate and is arranged along a third direction parallel with the upper surface of the substrate. The charge storage film structure includes a tunnel insulation film pattern, a charge storage film pattern, and a blocking film pattern, which encloses the charge storage film patterns formed on sidewalls of the channels included in the respective channel columns, which are sequentially stacked on the sidewalls of the respective channels. The gate electrodes are arranged to be apart from each other in the first direction on the sidewall of the respective charge storage film structure. Each of the charge storage film patterns can include two charge storage positions which are apart from each other in the second direction around each channel.


In Niger, about 50% of the land surface is composed of degraded lateritic soils, and rural women farmers have limited access to productive land. Targeting largely marginalized rural women with bio-reclamation of degraded land (BDL) technologies restores their rights to earn a livelihood through agriculture. This study examines the determinants and impacts of land-enhancing technology on women farmers in Niger. Data were collected from 1,205 randomly selected women farmers in the Maradi and Zinder regions. The sample included 69% of participants into BDL program and 31% of non-participants. To account for selection bias from observable and unobservable factors, an endogenous switching regression (ESR) model was used to estimate the impact of BDL technology on women's household income. A simple probit model was used to analyze the determinants of participation. The results show that key determinants of participation in BDL include income level before participation in BDL, household size, age of participants, number of women in the household, number of children under 5 years old, sex of household head, age of household head, and institutional support. Participation in BDL positively influences participants' income (+14%); non-participants may not benefit from participating as they would probably lose 31% of their income, and the impact of participation in BDL varies widely across regions. Before the advent of BDL, the income of non-participants was higher than that of participants by 25%. It can be inferred that BDL is a pro-poor technology that is not beneficial to all women farmers. This study makes a critical contribution to the literature on land-enhancing technologies. It suggests that the impact of land-enhancing technologies, such as BDL, is closely linked to spatial, economic, environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts. Accordingly, land-enhancing technologies should target locations with large percentages of degraded farmlands and the poorest farmers. These results contribute to food security and poverty alleviation policies in rural dryland areas.


In this paper, electron-beam (e-beam) lithography for processing of surface acoustic wave devices is investigated, and its suitability for large-scale processing discussed. Electron-beam lithography is used for exposure of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator patterns on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) coated piezoelectric substrates. Electron-beam lithography can be used for high frequency SAW designs, due to a minimal finger width of 100 nm to 400 nm. Such SAW devices can be used for high-frequency sensor applications. This contribution will consider processing, on-wafer characterization, and characterization of sensor effects in instrumentation applications.


According to analysis of heat transfer characteristics for heat exchanger, one kind of comprehensive performance experimental system is designed, which is high degree of automation, high measurement accuracy, simple operation and wide range of applications. Using Wilson Method to control experimental data and fit curve, one empirical formula is induced and corresponding rule curve is drawn. They are similar with the traditional empirical formula and can used for designing heat exchanger.


A new family of analytical solutions in a four dimensional static spacetime is presented for f (R)gravity. In contrast to General Relativity, we find that a non trivial black brane/string solution is supported in vacuum power law f (R)-gravity for appropriate values of the parameters characterizing the model and when axisymmetry is introduced in the line element. For the aforementioned solution, we perform a brief investigation over its basic thermodynamic quantities.


Physiology
Glucose, a metabolic product of dietary sucrose, triggers pancreatic beta cells to release insulin, which in turn allows many different cells types to take up glucose to store or use as energy. The other breakdown product of sucrose is fructose, and Kyriazis et al. report that it too


This monitor provides the most comprehensive update of global e-waste statistics. In 2019, the world generated a striking 53.6 Mt of e-waste, an average of 7.3 kg per capita. The global generation of e-waste grew by 9.2 Mt since 2014 and is projected to grow to 74.7 Mt by 2030 – almost doubling in only 16 years.


Introduction: This study is first to apply d iagnostic analysis of the forecast tendencies to evaluate the simulation of equilibrium features in the South China Sea and its surrounding areas using The Tropical Regional Atmosphere (TRAMS) model, and further identify the sources of simulation biases of the model. Methods: On the basis of the quasi equilibrium between dynamic and physical processes, the deviation of net forecast tendencies, which reflects the overall equilibrium of the model, serves as a good indicator of the model simulations bias. The sources of the forecast error can be further inferred by decomposing the net forecast tendencies into the dynamic and each physical process. Results: Focusing on moisture and temperature tendencies, the results show that the TRAMS model generally captures the thermal equilibrium characteristics and the contributions of each physical process, which are markedly different between summer and winter and are affected by the Northwest Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) and deep trough of East Asia respectively. Furthermore, the underestimation of vapour consumption by cloud microphysical parameterisation and the overestimation of sea surface heat flux by boundary layer parameterisation near the surface contribute the most to systematic model bias. The temperature bias from 900 to 300 hPa during winter mainly originates from the responses of radiation, cumulus convection, and cloud microphysical parameterisations because water vapour absorbs long wave radiation, heating the atmosphere, and clouds reduce short wave radi ation absorption, cooling it. Discussion: The presented analyses provide a reference for further optimisation and improvement of the model.


The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) population in Australia appear to present with coronary disease more frequently, have worse risk factors, worse coronary disease and poorer outcomes, however there is limited data available on this population.  The ATSI population represent 8% of the Cairns total population. We undertook to compare these findings and four-year outcomes in ATSI versus non-indigenous patients aged < 50 years old undergoing coronary angiography.

 We collected data on all patients aged < 50 years old, who underwent coronary angiography at Cairns Hospital over a two-year period (2014-2016), from the Queensland Coronary Outcomes Registry. Data of patient risk factors and 4 year outcomes were collected using electronic hospital medical records and electronic discharge summaries available on all Queensland patients. Patients residing outside Queensland were excluded.

 From 2014-2016, a total of 555 patients < 50 years old underwent coronary angiography. The average age was 43. 322 (58.0%) patients were male and 233 (42.0%) were female. 271 patients (48.8%) identified as ATSI.
 Coronary risk factors - 42.4% of ATSI patients had diabetes vs 13.7 in the non-indigenous group, 58.7% of ATSI patients vs 43.7% had hyperlipidaemia, 61.3% of ATSI patients vs 39.8% were current smokers, 65.3% of ATSI patients vs 42.3% were hypertensive, and 64.2% of ATSI patients vs 50.4% had a family history of premature coronary artery disease. This demonstrates significantly higher incidence of cardiac risk factors in ATSI patients (combined risk factors P = 0.00086).
 When comparing coronary artery disease, as demonstrated by coronary angiography, the ATSI group had significantly more abnormal coronary angiograms - 74.5% compared to the non-indigenous group 42.3% (P = 0.000006). There was not a statistically significant difference between the severity of coronary artery disease between the two populations who had coronary disease, however, the ATSI population demonstrated a higher incidence of triple vessel disease. ATSI patients were more likely to have repeat coronary angiography 11% vs 4%.
 In the four-year follow up period, 18.5% of the ATSI population had at least one major adverse cardiac event (MACE), whereas in the non-indigenous group 7.0% had at least one MACE.
 There was not a statistically significant difference between all cause mortality between the two populations.

 We have shown that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Australians are more likely to have coronary angiography at a younger age. That Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Australians have a significantly higher incidence of cardiac risk factors, higher incidence of coronary artery disease, and more major cardiac events after undergoing coronary angiography compared to non-indigenous patients. The all cause mortality in this young population was not significantly different.


Using document material method, the author analyzes the necessary of carry out socialization of PE in college, and points out the mistakes happende in this works, at same, provides some countermeasure in dealing with it.


Our investigation of the analysis of vitamin D3 metabolites has been reviewed. The development of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for the quantitative determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 3-sulfate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, which are the major circulating metabolites of vitamin D3 in human serum/plasma, has been described. The developed methods were applied to the determination of the correlation between the concentration of the sulfate and its genin in healthy subjects and patients with chronic renal failure. The development of immunoaffinity chromatography immobilizing the highly specific anti-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 antibody for the pretreatment of radioreceptor assay of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which is the active metabolite of vitamin D3, is also described.


Venture capital is considered to be the most appropriate form of financing for innovative firms in high-tech sectors. We provide an assessment of venture capital with some of Europe's most innovative and successful companies: those listed on Europe's "new" stock markets. Venture capital is effective in helping these firms overcome credit constraints but has a limited effect on their ability to grow and create jobs. This result clashed with the evidence on the role of VC for US companies. Yet, VC is not only about money but also about steering and supporting portfolio companies, activities which depend on venture capitalists' educational and organizational background as well as on the legal and cultural environment in which they operate.


The invention discloses a condensing range hood, which comprises a shell, a separation screen, a centrifugal fan and a control device, wherein the shell consists of a front panel, two lateral plates, a rear plate and a top plate, the separation screen is arranged on the air inlet of the front panel and the bottom part of the front panel is provided with an oil collecting groove; the housing of the centrifugal fan is provided with oil holes; and a surrounding plate is arranged on the top plate, and the centrifugal fan is arranged in the surrounding plate. The condensing range hood is characterized by comprising a refrigerating device which is arranged in the shell. Due to the adopted structure, an oil and fume mixed gas entering the separation screen is cooled to a lower temperature, so that when the oil fume passes through the separation screen, oil is condensed and drops into the oil groove at the bottom part of the front panel and then flows into the oil collecting oil. Thus, the oil and fume separation rate is improved effectively and environmental pollution is reduced greatly.


We use the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-Hi AT z ≈ 1 (CATz1) survey, a 510 hr Hi 21 cm emission survey of galaxies at z = 0.74–1.45, to report the first measurements of atomic hydrogen (Hi) scaling relations at z ≈ 1. We divide our sample of 11,419 blue star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1 into three stellar-mass (M *) subsamples and obtain detections (at ≥4σ significance) of the stacked Hi 21 cm emission signal from galaxies in all three subsamples. We fit a power-law relation to the measurements of the average Hi mass (M HI) in the three stellar-mass subsamples to find that the slope of the M HI–M * relation at z ≈ 1 is consistent with that at z ≈ 0. However, we find that the M HI–M * relation has shifted downwards from z ≈ 1 to z ≈ 0, by a factor of 3.54 ± 0.48. Further, we find that the Hi depletion timescales (t dep,HI) of galaxies in the three stellar-mass subsamples are systematically lower than those at z ≈ 0, by factors of ≈2–4. We divide the sample galaxies into three specific star formation rate (sSFR) subsamples, again obtaining ≥4σ detections of the stacked Hi 21 cm emission signal in all three subsamples. We find that the relation between the ratio of Hi mass to stellar mass and the sSFR evolves between z ≈ 1 and z ≈ 0. Unlike the efficiency of conversion of molecular gas to stars, which does not evolve significantly with redshift, we find that the efficiency with which Hi is converted to stars is much higher for star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 1 than those at z ≈ 0.


MASTER UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LBL-12200 EEB-Vent 8 1 - 5 Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT DIVISION RADON: A BIBLIOGRAPHY S.R. Lepman, M.L. Boegel, and C D . Hollowell January 1981 I Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48 e S R E i O O Tlffl K K W IS KL!!!liHB t T I O l S F


A three dimensional full-range complex Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (complex FDOCT) system based on sinusoidal phase-modulating method is proposed. With the system, the range of imaging depth is doubled and the sensitivity degradation with the lateral scan distance is avoided. Fourier analysis of B-scan data along lateral scan distance is used for reconstructing the complex spectral interferograms. The B-scan based Fourier method improves the system tolerance of sample movement and makes data processing less time consuming. In vivo volumetric imaging of human skin with the proposed full-range FDOCT system is demonstrated. The mirror image rejection ratio is about 30 dB. The stratum corneum, the epidermis and the upper dermis of skin can be clearly identified in the reconstructed three dimensional FDOCT images.


We propose the geometry-informed neural operator (GINO), a highly efficient approach to learning the solution operator of large-scale partial differential equations with varying geometries. GINO uses a signed distance function and point-cloud representations of the input shape and neural operators based on graph and Fourier architectures to learn the solution operator. The graph neural operator handles irregular grids and transforms them into and from regular latent grids on which Fourier neural operator can be efficiently applied. GINO is discretization-convergent, meaning the trained model can be applied to arbitrary discretization of the continuous domain and it converges to the continuum operator as the discretization is refined. To empirically validate the performance of our method on large-scale simulation, we generate the industry-standard aerodynamics dataset of 3D vehicle geometries with Reynolds numbers as high as five million. For this large-scale 3D fluid simulation, numerical methods are expensive to compute surface pressure. We successfully trained GINO to predict the pressure on car surfaces using only five hundred data points. The cost-accuracy experiments show a $26,000 \times$ speed-up compared to optimized GPU-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulators on computing the drag coefficient. When tested on new combinations of geometries and boundary conditions (inlet velocities), GINO obtains a one-fourth reduction in error rate compared to deep neural network approaches.


A monoamine‐accumulating ganglion cell type has been identified in an in vitro preparation of the cat's retina by a catecholamine‐like fluorescence that appears following intravitreal injections of dopamine and the indoleaminergic transmitter analog, 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine (5,7‐DHT). A subpopulation of large, weakly fluorescing neurons were identified as composing a single, morphologically distinct ganglion cell type by intracellular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In a sample of 374 HRP‐filled cells soma diameter ranged from 13–21 μm (mean ± SD = 16.6 ± 1.3). Dendritic field size increased with increasing retinal eccentricity from 150–200 μm diameter at 0.5 mm from the area centralis to 600–800 μm diameter in the far retinal periphery. Dendrites are thin (∼1 μm diameter), show a characteristic branching pattern, and are narrowly stratified at the outer border of the inner plexiform layer. The monoamine‐accumulating ganglion cell and the outer (OFF‐center) alpha cell occupy distinct strata within sublamina a of the inner plexiform layer separated by a gap of about 5 μm.


The utility model belongs to the architectural field and is a fixed skylight for villa of wooden structure, including a form and a base. The base is fixed on the roof truss and the form is fixed on the base. The utility model is characterized in that the form consists of a frame and a transparent top cover, the frame is a two-tier structure, namely, an inner layer frame and an outer layer frame, the inner layer is fixed connected with the outer layer, the surrounding of the transparent top cover is sealed and fixed between the inner layer frame and the outer layer frame, the base consists of an external frame and a waterproof sealing layer, and the base is inlaid with the inner layer frame of the form. Compared with the existing skylight, the utility model plays a good waterproof role. In addition, the utility model has simple structure and easy installation, and is applicable for the roof of all villas of wooded structure.


Hauntology refers to spectral traces, phantom voices, and palimpsestic discourses that help construct a way of understanding ourselves and acting in the world. This essay explores the hauntological shifts within art education's struggle over popular (visual) culture through a review of positions that view popular culture as an embodiment of aesthetic and artistic suffering. The article begins with a chronological overview of arguments against popular culture from cultural critics throughout the last two centuries. Then, the article presents positions from art educators that fear and loathe popular culture based on some of the same critiques. The article ends with an exploration of phantom influences on the current debate regarding the legitimacy of visual culture as a new paradigm. It is argued that concerns over popular (visual) culture in art education have strong ties to the past and return repeatedly to haunt the field.


It is proved that every closed convex non-R.N.P. set in a Banach space contains a non-dentable subset with a martingale coordinatization. Thus we answer affirmatively a question posed by H. Rosenthal and A. Wessel. The proof depends on the concept of the Convex Finite-Dimensional Schauder Decomposition (C.F.D.S.D.) introduced and investigated in the present paper. Certain partial positive results are also given related to the following fundamental problem: every closed convex set either is R.N.P. or it contains a closed subset with a Pal-representation


The paper aims to build an AC / DC microgrid for energy utilization in smart energy stations, on the basic of the load power characteristics of various parts in the stations. The advantages and disadvantages of UPS and HVDC systems are compared as data center power supplies. HVDC system is selected as the basis to improve. A HVDAC system is proposed, replacing traditional lead-acid batteries with energy storage modules. The HVDAC system improves power efficiency in smart energy station, and saves investment.


Securitization has been a subject of interest in the security design literature, and various models have been developed to explain the existence of senior securities and junior securities. However, securitization structures are far more complex than a simple tranching by seniority, and they manipulate interest as well as principal. The authors first address the fundamental reasons why some investors require par-priced securities, before modeling the contractibility of both interest and principal, as well as the par-pricing constraint. The authors can derive optimal designs closely resembling actual securitization structures. The authors also analyze the interactions between collateral characteristics and pricing at equilibrium, and show how much more attractive an excess-spread structure is relative to a more standard structure as expected collateral losses increase, explaining the widespread use of these mechanisms on low-quality collateral. The authors ascribe the fact that financial economics have not sought to explain the peculiar nature of structural complexity to an epistemological framework that privileged consistency with corporate debt analysis.


The changes in the structures of corn endosperms immersed in different reagents were studied, in order to preliminarily determine the mode of binding of starch and protein in the endosperm. The corn endosperm was immersed in Sulfurous acid, NaOH, ethanol, L-cysteine and morel berry, respectively. The dissociated starch content was analyzed using water as the reference. The results of the treatment were analyzed by the dissociated starch content, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that by immersing in NaOH solution, the protein matrix was effectively decomposed, the protein in the endosperm was dissolved and the highest amount of starch granules were released. Sulfurous acid and L-cysteine solution could make the protein matrix into pieces by destroying intermolecular disulfide bridge and the starch granules would be released. There were some holes on the surface of starch granules after L-cysteine steeping. Immersed in the morel berry, there were holes on the protein matrix surface and the water absorption of corn endosperm was improved. In case of the sample immersed in ethanol, the zein was dissolved, whereas the matrix protein was still intact with the starch grains that still bound to it. By analysis of the microscopic structure and morphological change of starch and protein in corn endospers in different comsteep liquor, it is demonstrated that the main reason which the starch grains were tightly wrapped by Glutenin is the intermolecular disulfide bonds in glutelin. In addition, a part of the protein combined with starch granules directly. The study provided a reference for exploring the structure of binding of starch and protein and their interaction in corn.


e21670Background: Olanzapine has been shown to be a safe and effective agent for the prevention of CINV. This study aims to compare olanzapine with aprepitant in the prevention of CINV. Methods: Th...


Techniques and mechanisms for selecting between the recovered replacement policy cache line is adaptively changed. In an embodiment, the evaluation logic for determining the performance metric value written in the nonvolatile memory. Performance metrics based on the value of the determined parameter to determine the replacement value policy. Embodiment, a cache line replacement selection logic implemented in the cache for data recovery, wherein the indication is provided in response to the determined parameter values to perform the selection policy unit in another embodiment.


Sport activity, must be directed to the promotion of individual and collective health. Thus, there is no doubt that drugs and pharmacological nutriment have been used by sportsmen and women to improve his physical performance. Doping is defined as "use of substances or adoption of medical practices not justified by pathological conditions, aimed at improving competitive performance". It occurs not only in professional sport, but also affects amateur athletes. The effects of the abuse of add-on substances or the intake of substances that alter the outcome of the competition are in the educational interest of the school and it is a problem concerning not only sports ethics, but also public health. Over time, doping has shown a great ability to discover and always use new substances and appropriated the new scientific discoveries. Unfortunately, new discoveries for the human health are been used in distorted way by the athletes. In fact, the athletes may be able to use gene therapy to re-engineer their bodies for better performances. Drugs dependence depends on several factors: the socio-environmental context of the subject and what effects have the substance in the body. The purpose of the study was to reviewed the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport in relating to the protection of the healh of athletes. We focus our analysis on pharmacological and epidemiological issue.


Unlike traditional teaching method,flipped classroom is a form of blended learning in which students learn content online by watching video lecture,usually at home,and students and teachers discuss and solve questions by more personalized guidance and interaction in class,instead of lecturing.Flipped classroom is very useful to vocational college English teaching.


Two series of Zelliges belonging to the Filalia and Bou-Inaniya Medersas (14th-century) in Meknes city have been studied in order to describe precisely the colour of the glazes and to identify the chromogen agents responsible for these colours. The glaze colours are physically studied by the determination of their chromatic coordinates using chromametry method. These coordinates are represented in the conventional Yxy and L*a*b* spaces. Furthermore the chromogen ions, responsible for the different colour shades, are identified by optical absorption spectrometry (OAS) and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. These ions are the classical ones: copper (Cu 2 + ) for the green, cobalt (Co 2 + ) for the blue, iron (Fe 3 + ) for the honey colour and iron (Fe 3 + ) in association with manganese (Mn 3 + ) for the black.


Using image guidance for stereotactic surgery has been widely adopted in neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery and other surgery operations. Careful, precise and robust implementation of image-guidance can offer surgeon accurate intra-operative information that traditional techniques can not reach. Weak design, careless utilization, and dilemma in quality assurance protocol may result in severe scenarios. It is because that introducing image guidance into the operating room involves high precise technologies, delicate instruments and sophisticated processes. These can offer precision as well as space for human errors. A method based on the 'failure modes and effects analysis' is introduced to systematically study human errors in the image-guided surgery field. The paper presented the fundamental steps and architectures of the method. For better understanding of the method, a simple example is also provided. Analyzing human errors with the 'failure mode and effects analysis' benefits the development life cycle of the image-guided surgery system. It also helps for designing the clinical quality assurance process and the training courses for surgeons.


Aqueous solutions of GA at 50, 100 and 250 ppm and Sevin at 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm were tried on Perlette clusters with a view to loosen up compact clusters, reduce the number of shot berries and to assess their effect on other quality attributes. Treatments to the clusters were applied at two stages, i.e. full bloom and shatter.


With a femtosecond laser pulse we rapidly ionize potassium atoms (K{sup 0}) in the gas phase, generating potassium ions (K{sup +}), and monitor the altered energy-level scheme with a subsequent hard x-ray pulse. Removal of the potassium 4s valence electron increases the binding energies of both the valence and the 1s core levels, and induces an ultrafast change of the 1s-4p x-ray transition energy by about 2.8 eV. We simultaneously observe a 50% increase in oscillator strength of K{sup +} over K{sup 0} for that transition.


For an electronic device well-designed interfaces are critical for the performance. Studies of interfaces down to an atomic level are thus highly motivated both from a fundamental and technological ...


In two known cases, objects identified as planetary nebulae are seen in projection upon clusters of stars: the small nebula found in the globular cluster M 15, and NGC 2438 which is seen within the apparent boundaries of the galactic cluster NGC 2437, M46. For the first, close agreement between the radial velocities of the stars in the cluster and the nebular object was found. This is, of course, only a negative test, in the sense that agreement of velocities indicates possible membership although disagreement definitely indicates nonmembership. However, current ideas concerning the origin of planetary nebulae support the interpretation that the object in M 15 is most likely a member of the cluster.


The J. Robert Oppenheimer Lectures are given annually at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, by a distinguished visiting scientist who has made outstanding research contributions in a field of current interest and who is recognized for his ability to communicate progress in his area of expertise to a broad spectrum of physical scientists. The lecturer summarizes the progress and significance of work in his field in a series of two talks. The lectures are named in honor of J. Robert Oppenheimer, former Professor in the School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, and the third Director of the Institute. This paper presents the text of the second lecture on the topic of singular layers and reconnection.