Plastics are synthetic product produced from a wide range of polymers such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, nylon etc. The property that makes it so ubiquitous to use is that it can be moulded to the desired shape and once is set can serve the desired purpose. Plastics are lightweight, inexpensive and durable materials, which find its use in a wide range of applications. The easy availability of plastics has led to its exploitation and careless use. This excessive usage caused the accumulation of huge amount of plastic waste into the environment. Plastics have a very high life in the environment and do not disintegrate through the natural process in the environment. So, the plastic disposal without any effective technique accumulates the waste into the environment certainly causing pollution. Researchers have shown that since plastics are a product of petroleum they have the efficiency to be used for fuel production which will solve the problem of plastic disposal and the rising fuel crisis. The review of past studies related to the fuel production from waste plastics, plastic waste disposal techniques, sources of alternative fuel and waste management technologies aims to find out the best technique for waste plastic disposal and a source of alternative fuel using the discarded plastics as feedstock. This would solve the problem of plastic waste disposal and fuel crisis in a


A large amount of time series data obtained by sensors in industry can be used for fault diagnosis. However, multivariate time series data is very complicated, and different features are related to each other. This article proposes an improved CNN-LSTM network for attention mechanism of multivariate time series. By adding the attention mechanism for multi-time series, the model can focus on the useful time series, so as to better extract the temporal characteristics of multi-time series data. Finally, through the experimental analysis of the fan blade icing problem, the results are compared with the traditional CNN-LSTM model, and the FI-score of the model is improved by 6.7%. The method presented in this paper is more accurate in solving the problem of multi-variable sequence classification.


This paper present a novel decoding scheme for low density parity check codes (LDPC) over GF(q). The scheme is a variation of the sum-product algorithm. The novel algorithm has a low complexity and reduces the number of look up table accesses necessary. Moreover, the algorithm does not compute division or multiplication, making it suitable for hardware implementation. The new algorithm has been compared with existing algorithms showing that both the BER performance and the speed of convergence are identical.


This paper aims at analyzing J. M. Coetzee's use of intertextuality in his most phenomenal novel Disgrace. In postmodern literature, intertextuality plays a fundamental role as postmodern fiction sifts to historical and literary intertexts. Postmodern fiction points to the reality that by means of other texts we understand the past and that there is an intertextuality in all the historical accounts. Postmodern fiction tells us that only through its fragments, relics, and its textualized remains canwe know the past. This paper explores the intertextual presence of romantic poets in the novel and the influence of romantic period on post-apartheid minds. Lurie's connection with the romantic poets is not of the kind to exchange of sources or sentences to assist his ideas or the transmission of his message rather he is affected to the point that he refers himself to them and follows their concepts of existence, females, history, and longing. Thus, the juxtaposition of Wordsworth, Byron and David Laurie will form the basis of this paper.


This paper covers an overview of the transition metal dichalcogenides, TMD, class of materials. Their layered van der Waals chemical structure and unique electrical and optical properties, such as an indirect in the bulk to direct band gap in the monolayer transition, has brought research focus to their potential role in nanoelectronics. This paper goes over general TMD properties then focuses on WSe2. While TMDs posses useful and promising characteristics in their pristine state, without precise control over electrical behavior real world application will never occur. Defect engineering is discussed as a method to tune TMD properties, specifically the effects of O2 plasma exposure which oxidized the top most layer of TMD selenides and p-dopes the underlying pristine material.


This paper introduces several micro optical spectrometer source based on micro electro mechanical system(MEMS) technology. Firstly, it introduces a MEMS based microfabricated inductively coupled plasma(ICP) source whose structure mainly consists of a planar spiral-shaped coil with diameter of 5 mm and a planar interdigitated resonance capacitor, with the RF excitation power of a frequency of 450 MHz and a power efficiency of 3 W, the argon can be ionized to plasma in the pressure of 100 Pa. Secondly, it presents a PCB based Micro ICP Source designed by author. When the pressure is 100 Pa and the RF power is 3.5 W, 13.56 MHz, the novel ICP is ignited. Thirdly, it also describes a microwave induced plasma (MIP) source, whose main structure is a split-ring resonator. The device is sufficient to initiate a plasma from air excitated with a frequency of 895 MHz and a power efficiency of 3 W in atmospheric pressure air. Finally, it presents the application of micro generator.


Optical wireless communications (OWC) has become an increasingly important research area. The potential of solving complicated communications problems, such as the shortage of radio frequency (RF) spectrum, interference, and the necessity of transmission at very high data rates by optical wireless systems has seen vast improvement. Optical wireless links can establish communications channels even millions of miles apart, as evidenced by the use of optical links in space exploratory missions by NASA [1]. For shorter terrestrial distances, optical wireless links in outdoor free space are a good choice for establishing pointed links a couple of miles apart. On a much smaller scale, the existence of millions of remote controls that operate using infrared light‐emitting‐diodes (LEDs) is a proof of the usefulness of optical wireless systems. Apart from the various applications of OWC that are currently in use, probably the main motivating factor to focus on this area is the possibility of mitigating the increasing spectrum shortage issue. As consumption of high data rate multimedia materials is increasing day by day and the use of handheld devices is becoming more and more widespread, the precious RF spectrum range of about 1.9 GHz that is used for mobility is getting scarcer [2]. Users are encouraged to shift to the Wi‐Fi bands instead of the bands used for cellular services in order to alleviate this increasing load of high data rate applications. However, there are places where even Wi‐Fi bands do not operate as expected or are found to be so congested that their use becomes next to impossible, for example, heavily crowded conference halls. Also, supported data rates of Wi‐Fi as well as cellular data services should be considered in this discussion. Though IEEE 802.11ac and IEEE 802.11ad standards are supposed to support high bit rates, they are not yet widespread, and so the cost issue is involved. LTE and LTE‐Advanced s tandards are also supposed to support high bit rates, but they use the same precious cellular 1


Size-dependent optical properties of germanium (Ge) nanocrystals (NCs) make them a desirable material for optoelectronic applications. So far, the synthesis of ligand-free and tunable-size Ge NCs b...


It is now more than a century since Tigerstedt and Bergman first described 'renin' as a substance from rabbit kidney extracts that increased blood pressure (BP) when injected into rabbits, although it was another 40 years before the significance of this discovery was appreciated. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is a coordinated hormonal cascade that regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and arterial pressure and renal development. It is recognized as playing a major role in cardiovascular and renal and adrenal function.1,2 In the classical view of the RAS, angiotensin (Ang) II, the biologically active octapeptide, is generated by a two-step enzymatic process in which its precursor, the inactive decapeptide Ang I, is cleaved from angiotensinogen by renin. Mature active renin is a glycosylated aspartyl protease secreted by the renal juxtaglomerular granular epitheloid cells by an exocytic process through both regulated and constitutive pathways. It is synthesized in the cells as an inactive form, prorenin, and activated by cleavage of an N-terminal prosegment of 43 amino acids. The second step of Ang II synthesis is the removal of the C-terminal dipeptide of Ang I by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a zinc dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase with two catalytic sites, which exists in a soluble form and in a membrane bound form.3 ACE has broad substrate specificity both in vitro and in vivo.3 For instance, in vivo it cleaves and thus inactivates bradykinin (BK), a vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, 3 substance P3 and also AcSDKP, a hemoregulatory peptide.4 Therefore, as a major enzyme implicated in cardiovascular and renal physiology, ACE generates a potent vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic peptide, Ang II, while simultaneously degrading a potent vasodilator and natriuretic peptide, BK. The reaction of renin to angiotensinogen in plasma is the rate-limiting step of the RAS5 whereas ACE appears to have no limiting influence on the systemic generation of Ang II. Once generated, Ang II binds to its receptors to activate intracellular signals, and it is also very rapidly cleaved within seconds by other enzymes, such as angiotensinases into other shorter angiotensin-related peptides (Ang III, Ang (1-7), Ang (3-8)).1 The biological functions of Ang III are well known. Although Ang (1-7) and Ang (3-8) are biologically active, their functions in vivo have not been fully elucidated. The majority of the effects of Ang II—vascular smooth muscle cell contraction and pressor response, aldosterone secretion, inhibition of renin release (negative feedback loop), renal sodium reabsorption, vasopressin secretion, dispogenic responses—are mediated by the AT1 receptor (AT1R), a seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor.1 Ang II also binds another seven transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, the Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2R), whose functions remain controversial, depending on cell type, developmental stage, or pathophysiological state. 6 In their overview, Carmine Savoia and Massimo Volpe have focused on the role of the RAS in the development of the hypertension-induced vascular remodelling and cardiovascular damage. More precisely, they discussed the impact of AT1R-mediated generation of growth-promoting cytokines, mitogenic factors, free oxygen radicals and fibrosis mediators in tissues and their interplay on cardiovascular remodelling. They also focused on the role of the AT2R during tissue injury/repair events, its level of expression and signalling pathways, the cross-talk and cross-regulatory mechanisms between the two Ang II receptors in pathophysiological conditions and the new therapeutic strategies by selective AT2R agonists. In 110 years, the knowledge of the renin–angiotensin– aldosterone system has tremendously increased and in the last 30 years blockade of the RAS with ACE inhibitors and AT1R blockers has become one of the most successful therapeutic approaches in medicine. However, as can be learned from Carmine Savoia and Massimo Volpe, the chapter on RAS is far from being closed. Moreover the view of the RAS has been complexified by additional findings including tissue RAS,2 alternative non-ACEdependent pathways of Ang II generation,7,8 new enzymes such as the zinc metallo-carboxypeptidase ACE2,9 and other receptors and signalling pathways.10,11


Financial institutions, including brokers and intermediaries, are profitmaking firms which sell services to savers and investors. Information and transactions services are two important services provided by financial firms. The object of this paper is to analyze the revenues and costs of providing these services using the traditional tools of the theory of the firm. This model will then be used to explain the demand functions and supply functions for a model of financial securities markets. With these models we will derive the effects on the interest rate structure of a technological change that lowers the cost of financial transactions. There exist many models concerning financial firms; usually they analyze indetail, some particular aspect of their operation. There are models deriving principles for optimal portfolio selection (see, for instance [12, 13, 14, 16, 20]), models analyzing scale economies in banking [2, 4, 9, 11], models representing the structure of the banking market and the effectiveness of regulation [1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 19], and models concerning various aspects of nonmonetary financial intermediaries [3, 10, 17, 23]. However, the analysis of information costs and transactions costs is strangely neglected in the firlancial literature, although economizing on information and transac-


Vitamin D deficiency is associated with rickets in children
and osteomalation in adults. Published data support the role
of vitamin D insufficiency in development of autoimmune,
cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The most precise
method to diagnose vitamin D insufficiency is measuring of
25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)-D). We studded the levels of vitamin
D and calcium-phosphate turnover parameters during
the period of maximal insolation in 140 healthy children and
adolescents permanently living in the central area of Russia.
Vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)-D < 20 ng/ml) was detected
in 38,6%; in 2,9% of them severe vitamin D deficiency was
diagnosed (25(OH)-D < 8 ng/ml). The results correlate with
data on hypovitaminosis D prevalence in countries with the
same geographical latitude. To clarify the real size of required
prophylaxis we need investigation of the same parameters in
winter period while minimal insolation.


Makino and Berz introduced the Taylor model approach for validated integration of initial value problems (IVPs) for ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Especially, they invented preconditioning of Taylor models for stabilizing the integration and proposed the following different types: parallelepiped preconditioning (with and without blunting), QR preconditioning, and curvilinear preconditioning. We review these types of preconditioning and show how they are implemented in INTLAB's verified ODE solver verifyode by stating explicit MATLAB code. Finally, we test our implementation with several examples.


Aim: The aim of the present work was to prepare Drug-β Cyclodextrin complex to increase solubility and prepared complex was used to formulate Fast Release Tablets (FRT). Increase in drug solubility by βCyclodextrin was evaluated by Higuchi connor"s phase solubility studies. Methods: FRTs were prepared by direct compression, wet granulation and sublimation methods using Sodium starch glycolate, Croscarmellose sodium and Crospovidone as a superdisintegrants. Method giving satisfactory result was further studied and a 3 2 full factorial design was applied to optimize the formulation. The concentrations of two Superdisintegrants showing best results were selected as independent variables. Disintegration time (Y1) and % Drug release at 5minute (Y2) were selected as dependent variables. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release. Results: Rosuvastatin calcium FRTs prepared were found to be fulfilled all the requirements for tablets. The tablets prepared by sublimation method showed better results compared to direct compression and wet granulation and among all superdisintegrants, Sodium starch gycolate (X1) and Croscarmellose sodium (X2) significantly affected the disintegration time World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 7.523 Volume 6, Issue 6, 1105-1130. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 *Corresponding Author


FIELD: smoking accessories.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to an aerosol-generating system for delivering an aerosol to a user, comprising an aerosol-generating device and an aerosol-generating article, and in particular to a smoking device for delivering particles of a nicotine salt in the form of an aerosol to a user in amounts controlled by the user and to an aerosol-generating device for receiving an aerosol-generating article. Aerosol-generating system comprises an aerosol-generating device in cooperation with an aerosol-generating article; wherein the aerosol-generating article comprises a first compartment comprising a volatile liquid, and a second compartment comprising a delivery enhancing compound; wherein the aerosol-generating device comprises an outer housing adapted to receive the aerosol-generating article; a power supply; at least one heater, configured to receive power from the power supply and arranged to heat the first compartment when the aerosol-generating article is received in the outer housing; an input, configured to receive a plurality of discrete inputs from a user, each discrete input corresponding to a respective discrete quantity of aerosolised volatile liquid required by the user; and a controller, configured to control the amount of power supplied to the at least one heater by changing the duty cycle, each discrete input from the user corresponding to a respective discrete duty cycle, such that the quantity of volatile liquid aerosolised is determined by the user input.EFFECT: technical result of the invention is enabling the user to control the generated aerosol delivered to the user.15 cl, 3 dwg


A detection system of recognizing the total bacteria in food was developed.The system which based on computer vision can meet the need of detecting total bacterial in food fast and accurately.Apply the principle of statistics to compare the new method with the traditional method in contrast experiment of bacteria liquid,milk,juice and beef.The differences between the two are not obvious(p0.05).


Osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus are a challenging and increasingly recognized problem in chronic ankle pain. Many novel techniques exist to attempt to treat this challenging entity. Difficulties associated with treating OCLs include lesion location, size, chronicity and problems associated with potential graft harvest sites. Matrix associated stem cell transplantation (MAST) is one such treatment described for larger lesions >15mm2 or failed alternative therapies. This cohort study describes a 5 year review of the outcomes of talar lesions treated with MAST. A review of all patients treated with MAST by a single surgeon was conducted. Pre-operative radiographs, MRIs and FAOS outcome questionnaire scores were conducted. Intraoperative classification was conducted to correlate with imaging. Post-operative outcomes included FAOS scores, return to sport, revision surgery/failure of treatment and progression to arthritis/fusion surgery. 32 patients were identified in this cohort. There were 10 female...


In the process of aging, the immune system becomes less effective and its capacity to manage the inflammatory response is reduced. This can lead to chronic inflammation characterized by a slow but continuous production of free radicals. In skin, chronic inflammation causes the known phenomena of skin aging such as wrinkles and loss of elasticity. The term "inflamm-aging" describes this close relationship between inflammation and aging. During this process one of the inflammatory transcription factors, Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), remains active instead of self-regulating its level. The main component of the Magnolia bark extract, magnolol and honokiol, are known to block NF-κB as well as having anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial properties. In a commercial available ingredient these hardly water soluble actives were incorporated into lecithin liposomes for an optimal skin uptake. In clinical studies, the Magnolia based ingredient was shown to reduce redness in facial skin, to restore moisture and to prevent loss of skin elasticity. __________________________________________________________________________________________


Abstract Forensic firearms identification, the determination by a trained firearms examiner as to whether or not bullets or cartridges came from a common weapon, has long been a mainstay in the criminal courts. Reliability of forensic firearms identification has been challenged in the general scientific community, and, in response, several studies have been carried out aimed at showing that firearms examination is accurate, that is, has low error rates. Less studied has been the question of consistency, of whether two examinations of the same bullets or cartridge cases come to the same conclusion, carried out by an examiner on separate occasions—intrarater reliability or repeatability—or by two examiners—interrater reliability or reproducibility. One important study, described in a 2020 Report by the Ames Laboratory-USDOE to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, went beyond considerations of accuracy to investigate firearms examination repeatability and reproducibility. The Report's conclusions were paradoxical. The observed agreement of examiners with themselves or with other examiners appears mediocre. However, the study concluded repeatability and reproducibility are satisfactory, on grounds that the observed agreement exceeds a quantity called the expected agreement. We find that appropriately employing expected agreement as it was intended does not suggest satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility, but the opposite.


Abstract In this work, the yields of hydrogen-rich gases via pyrolysis and air-steam gasification processes were investigated at different temperature ranges. In each run, the main components of the gas phase were CO2, CO, H2, and CH4. The yields of hydrogen from the pyrolysis and the air-steam gasification increase with increasing of temperature. In general, the gasification temperature is higher than that of pyrolysis and the yield of hydrogen from the gasification is higher than that of the pyrolysis. The percent of hydrogen in gaseous products by pyrolysis from the samples of hazelnut shell, tea waste, and spruce wood increased from 36.8 to 43.5%, 41.0 to 53.9%, and 40.0 to 51.5% by volume, respectively, while the final pyrolysis temperature was increased from 700 to 950 K, and the percent of hydrogen in gaseous products by air-steam gasification from the samples of hazelnut shell, tea waste, and spruce wood increased from 43.3 to 56.9%, 41.0 to 53.9%, and 40.0 to 51.5% by volume, respectively, while the final air-gasification temperature was increased from 900 to 1,250 K.


Exo-cellular substances, capsules, cell walls and the inner membranes should not be regarded as necessarily biologically distinct and separate structures but as the somewhat arbitrary basis of a temporarily useful operational approach to the cell. Extensive chemical studies of capsular substances of streptococci and pneumococci have shown that many ofthem contain a high proportion of polysaccharides; the structfes of some of these have been determined. Receniy it has been shown that teichoic acids are also present in capsules from some species. The outlines of the biosynthesis of a few of the capsular polysaccharides by the inner membrane have been elucidated and have been shown to occur via uridine compounds. Between the outer capsule and the inner membrane lies the rigid cell wall, the principal structural components of which are the mucopeptides. These substances consist of the amino sugars, Nacetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose and N-acetyl-3-0carboxyethyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucose covalently linked together and to the amino acids, D-glutamic acid, L-lysine, Dand L-alanine and sometimes glycine; in a few species of cocci xe-diaminopimelic acid has also been detected. Structural work on these mucopeptides has shown the presence in them of (a) glycosidically linked amino sugars not having peptide chains attached, (b) peptide chains linked to the -CO2H groups of 3-0-carboxyethyl2-amino-2-deoxyglucose, (c) probable extensive cross-linking between peptide chains. Mucopeptides from different species of organism in this group have different structures. Associated with the mucopeptides by linkages which are not yet fully understood are the teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and sometimes protein. It seems probable that most of the substances not already mentioned as part of the mucopeptides are present in the walls as parts of separable polymers. There are a nutmber of examples to support this contention, and it has recently been shown in this


The invention discloses a process for making crisp cordate houttuynia sheets, wherein the raw materials include cordate houttuynia, citric acid, cane sugar, lactose, maize starch, CMC-Na, beta-CD, bee honey, CaCl2, composite phosphates, sodium isoascorbate, and Hangzhou chrysanthemum.


The objective of this work is comparing two types of sinuous antenna in equal size and geometrical parameters already reported in [1]-[2]. The performance of these antennas was investigated over a wide frequency range by comparison between simulation results in a similar size 5.3 cm×5.3 cm. The return loss of the optimized Duhamel's sinuous antenna exhibit an ultra-wideband (UWB) performance better than 10 dB from 2.5 to 13 GHz with input impedance of 220 Ω. In Vahdani's sinuous antenna, a return loss better than 10dB from 3.3 to 10.45 GHz with input impedance of 150 Ω was obtained. Other parameters which were investigated in this study are gain, directivity and HPBW.


Margherita Costa (ca. 1610–after 1657) found her comedic voice along the banks of the Arno. Addressing Prince Giovan Carlo de'Medici in the dedicatory letter to her 1639 Lettere amorose, she recalls how cruel twists of fortune beset her life with sorrow before her arrival on Tuscan shores. Now among the verdant fields of Medicean Florence, she was inspired by a vision of Amor to write about love in all of its many guises. She filled her "sigh-filled pages" with the contradictory highs and lows of human affections: war and peace, joy and pain, amusement and heartache. Posing here as Hercules, there as Mars, and then Venus, ventriloquizing bothmale and female voices, she added lyrics to her epistles to move even the most hardened of hearts. Included among her claims to instruct Love's servants are promises to deliver scherzi, here understood as jokes or playful banter, signaling Costa's engagement with humorous subjects virtually unprecedented in


The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of professional foreign language competence as part of entrepreneurs' cultural background in today's Russia. The article focuses on improving the education of Russian businesspeople through the integration of a professional foreign language course and the disciplines of their university major. The authors examine their own experience in searching for the most effective teaching tools, self-study evaluation tools including. The outcomes gained indicate that the modular interdisciplinary design of suggested training courses may have a positive impact on entrepreneurs' job performance.


It is shown that the transmission characteristics of a semiconductor split-gate device with a double constriction exhibit resonant behavior similar to that in resonant-tunneling diodes (RTDs). The double constriction is modeled with cascaded quantum waveguides of different widths and analyzed by applying a mode-matching technique to the wave function at the discontinuities. At low temperature, the calculated current-voltage characteristics exhibit a region of negative differential resistance. Current-voltage characteristics are presented for different constriction widths and temperatures exhibiting peak-to-valley ratios of up to 4:1 which persist up to temperatures around 10 K.<<ETX>>


Co‐operation between cadherin adhesion molecules and the cytoskeleton is a key aspect of tissue morphogenesis that is mediated by cortical signaling at adhesive junctions. One such signal is the non‐receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, which acts in several pathways at epithelial junctions, including E‐cadherin signaling itself. We now present two new insights into junctional Src signaling. Firstly, we report that upstream protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity is required to stimulate E‐cadherin‐activated Src signaling at junctions. Perturbing PTP activity with vanadate selectively reduced the activity of Src tyrosine kinases at junctions. Moreover, E‐cadherin homophilic ligation could not stimulate Src signaling in vanadate‐treated cells. Additionally, vanadate treatment phenocopied the effects of Src inhibition on the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that PTP activity is required for the dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by cadherin‐activated Src signaling. Secondly, we identified a role for PTP‐activated Src signaling in supporting apical junctional tension by targeting non‐muscle myosin IIB. The linear shape of the apical junctions was lost in PTP‐ and Src‐inhibited cells, and inhibiting Src selectively affected the junctional localization of myosin IIB but not of myosin IIA. We conclude that PTP‐activated Src signaling is a possible upstream regulator of myosin IIB at the epithelial zonula adherens. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper presents an integrated model to model the effects of urbanization on infectious disease transmission by coupling a cellular automata (CA) land use development model, population projection matrix model and CA epidemic model. The improvement of this model lies in using an improved CA epidemic model that can divide individuals into three states (susceptible, infected and recovered) and combine connection factor, movement factor into the epidemic model to provide more helpful outcomes in infectious disease transmission. A population density surface model and a household density surface were used to bridge the gap between urbanization and infectious disease transmission. A case study is presented involving modelling infectious disease transmission in Changchun City, a rapidly urbanizing city in China. The simulation results for Changchun City over a 30-year period show that the average numbers of susceptible individuals, infected individuals and recovered individuals in the latter time are greater than those in the previous time during the process of urbanization. In addition, the average numbers of susceptible individuals, infected individuals and recovered individuals increase with higher population growth rate.


Analytical solutions for the fundamental mode of nonlinear fibers with arbitrary nonlinearity are presented, based on a variational technique. Applied to the saturable nonlinearity, the analytical approximations are found to be in good agreement with the numerical solutions.


A method and system for forming an outline structure is disclosed by using the deep rolling. The method includes the use of a deep-rolling to introduce a plastic deformation on the one or more portions of the workpiece to form a convex contour on the workpiece. Workpiece, and the outline structure subsequently formed may be a metal or composite material. Deep rolling disclosed systems and methods may include, for example aircraft contour form a panel and, on the other hand also provides an improved fatigue strength and work hardening of a low level during the molding process rather than the treated surface after the production.


Background : With improvement in preventive medicine and advancement in the management of otherwise morbid eye conditions, the reasons for destructive eye surgeries have changed overtime. Objectives : This study aims at determining the current indications for destructive eye surgeries and compares these to the findings of a similar study done in the same unit two decades earlier. Materials and Methods : It is a retrospective study of 278 cases of destructive eye operations performed at the Guinness Ophthalmic Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Kaduna from January 1991 to December 2000. Results : They were 152 eviscerations, 67 enucleations, and 59 exenterations. Tumors were responsible for the majority of destructive eye operations in the unit (31%). This was followed closely by endophthalmitis/panophthalmitis (30%). Others were trauma (23%), corneal disease (8%) and painful blind eyes (7%). Conclusion : They were noticeable changes in the indications for destructive eye operations especially for some infective and nutritional causes which are largely preventable.


Abstract The effect of a dam upon the bottom-fauna production of Stevens Creek was tested for a 9-month period. The function of this dam being to catch flood waters and subsequently release them gradually, it has reduced the variations in water flow of the rainy season and has brought about a marked change in the physical appearance of the stream bed below the dam. Production of bottom organisms, both in number and weight, was much greater in the area below the dam than above. A sharp, spring peak of production occurred on March 1 in both of the sampling areas. The period of minimum production coincided with the periods of greatest fluctuations in flow and lowest water temperatures. The greatest extremes of flow and temperature took place above the dam. The population above the dam fell to a much lower point during the period of minimum production than did the population below the dam. Three types of aquatic insect larvae formed 81.3 percent of the total number of organisms taken. Caddicefly larvae contri...


Dicalcium silicate is one of the main mineral phases of steel slag. Ascribed to the characteristics of hydration and carbonation, the application of slag in cement production and carbon dioxide sequestration has been confirmed as feasible. In the current study, the precipitation process of the dicalcium silicate phase in steel slag was discussed. Meanwhile, the study put emphasis on the influence of different crystal forms of dicalcium silicate on the hydration activity and carbonation characteristics of steel slag. It indicates that most of the dicalcium silicate phase in steel slag is the γ phase with the weakest hydration activity. The hydration activity of γ-C2S is improved to a certain extent by means of mechanical, high temperature, and chemical activation. However, the carbonation activity of γ-C2S is about two times higher than that of β-C2S. Direct and indirect carbonation can effectively capture carbon dioxide. This paper also summarizes the research status of the application of steel slag in cement production and carbon dioxide sequestration. Further development of the potential of dicalcium silicate hydration activity and simplifying the carbonation process are important focuses for the future.


Abstract. This paper revisits the standard multiplier-accelerator model, as advanced by Samuelson. While borrowing on the main assumptions of the multiplier-accelerator, we check the validity of Keynesian theory. Using higher-order difference equations and advanced-level mathematical techniques we solve the tax-augmented multiplier-accelerator model, as well as the open economy one. We find that the values of equilibrium national income are identical to the simple national-income model in the absence of the accelerator. We solve the simple multiplier-accelerator model both in present terms and withprolonged consumption. We solve for equilibrium consumption, tax, and imports which are unaffected by the accelerator. All results conform to Keynesian theory where investment, government spending and exports have a favorable multiplying effect on national income through their respective multipliers. The accelerator coefficient affects neither those multipliers, nor the income and the non-income tax multipliers. Expanding the multiplier-accelerator by the volume of foreign trade, taxation or both does not change the values of Keynesian variables. Adding an accelerator leaves optimal values unaffected but, more importantly, reinforces Keynesian theory. Keywords. Multiplier, Accelerator, Open economy, Difference equations, Keynesian national-income model, Tax multiplier, Exports multiplier. JEL. E12, C02, E21, E22.


A unit controller for the static energy supply unit includes an amplitude controller, a phase controller and a frequency controller. These components measure and store respective voltage characteristics of the ac voltage(s) of the ac supply network and provide output signals indicative of the voltage characteristics of operating condition of the ac supply network. A signal generator for generating a simulated output voltage signal for each phase of the ac supply network is also provided. The simulated output voltage signal(s) have voltage characteristics derived from the amplitude, phase and frequency output signals, respectively. A comparator is used to compare the simulated output voltage signal for each phase and a measured ac voltage for a corresponding phase of the ac supply network. The controller controls the operation of the power converter to vary the amount of power that is supplied to the ac supply network from the energy store based on the comparison of the simulated output voltage signal(s) and the measured ac voltage(s).


The provenience of Teilhard's Milieu Divin from the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius - little examined up to now - is evident: It is possible to make a kind of synopsis. At the same time there are differences. Primarily they can be explained by the underlying static world view of Ignatius. In contrast to the rest of the text of the Spiritual Exercises the contemplation ,,Ad amorem" corresponds to Teilhard's evolutionary world view: In this line Teilhard formulates his Divine Milieu, i. e. his relecture of the Spiritual Exercises.


After more than a decade from the first Red List of the Herpetofauna of Argentina assessed in 2000, we reclassified the two species of argentine caimans, starting from actual information about their biology, biogeography and ecology and including methodological adjustments. As a result, both species Caiman latirostris and C. yacare were included in the Not Endangered category, based on new records about their geographic distribution and populations densities. The criteria applied to the development of management programs of crocodilians in Argentina has improved the knowledge of both species and made a great and wide contribution to several aspects of their biology. The sustainable use of both species of crocodilians has proved to have a minimum impact on wild populations and has put a new value on the wetlands inhabited by this reptiles.


The work presents the results of studies on the manufacture of multilayered ceramic shell molds the drying processes, including the selection of the proper slurries. The molds are intended for precision casting, especially in the aircraft industry [1-2]. The investigations included the selection of the optimum technological parameters of the casting slurries suitable for the first (inner) and structural layers of the mold, so that the entire surfaces of the wax mold models were covered uniformly with the successive layers (the first layer and seven structural layers) of specified thickness and porosity. The porosity of the layer was investigated by using computed X-ray tomography. By using a profilometer, surface roughness of the wax models and first ceramics layers were examined. Based on the conducted tests, it was found that the use of a thermal imaging camera enables precise determination of the drying time of the layers of ceramic shell molds.


PURPOSE
Although temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has been presumed to be a condition affecting adults, studies have reported the presence of signs and symptoms in children. The purpose of this paper was to verify the influence of gender, mother's gestational behavior, malocclusion, and oral habits as risk indicators for TMD in 12-year-old adolescents.

METHODS
TMD pain was assessed by research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD; axis I). Five-hundred fifty-eight subjects (330 girls and 228 boys) underwent examinations. Bivariate analyses were performed using the chisquare test. The logistic regression models were adjusted estimating the odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and significance level.

RESULTS
Only 2% of boys and 7% of girls presented one of the axis I categories. Gender was significantly related to TMD diagnosis (P<.01). Menarche, however, was not associated. Malocclusion, mother's gestational behavior, and children's oral habits were not associated with incidence of TMD (P>.05). Girls were almost 4 times more affected than boys (OR=3.97; CI=1.51-10.53).

CONCLUSIONS
The mothers' gestational behavior and presence of menarche, malocclusion, and oral habits by their adolescents were not associated with diagnosis of temporomandibular disorder. Gender was the only factor associated with the incidence of TMD in 12-year-old adolescents.


But I want to level the more serious charge that it is a complacent indignation. We are being asked to separate ourselves from the Anglo-Indian novelists in righteous superiority—we line up smirkingly with "the Indian peoples" on God's right hand. This is today's philistinism of the cultured classes, and we would be more honest to recognize ourselves as the heirs of the English and to acknowledge that in their situation we would not have done much better. Indeed they didn't do, in literary terms, as badly as Rubin says. He says their India was a myth, and so it was, but then literature deals in myth. Theirs was not a free literary myth but a politically committed one, of course, and one we should see through today. But we do see through it. Nobody likely to read Rubin's book needs instruction—or reinforcement—on that point. When two nations face each other across an abyss of bitterly opposed interests, the stories each tells its members about the other always reinforce internal loyalty and group identity. Literary crticism of course has other loyalties and quite properly discredits such "myths." But it should be able to see that the gifted writers of AngloIndia were consciously, and brilliantly, using myth for literary purposes: that Kipling is no more to be reprimanded for Kim than Shakespeare is for Henry V. Above all, this is fighting a straw man, setting up an Aunt Sally to be knocked down—first because literary criticism is always hostile to such myths and second because nowadays everybody is. Since the end of British engagement in India, that myth has no compelling power (it has some seductions left, but those we can leave to M. M. Kaye). It is the action that compelling power had in its day on the dissident imaginations of storytellers which would be really interesting to study. But you could only study it profitably, by starting with sympathy, not with indignation.


Objective: To improve the performance of citation recommendation, by using innovative citation recommendation methods. Methodology: By utilizing changes in the topical content of publications over time, citation graph, plus proximity-based citation contexts, I calculate the publication topical importance (prior) over time, and I use the topic prior, publication prior from author relation and Wikipedia along with the language model prioritize a number of scientific publication given their published time and user information need, i.e., a piece of working context or a publication abstract. Preliminary Experimentation and Result: In the preliminary experience, I employed the classical language model (without priors) and the language model with PageRank priors as the baseline. Preliminary experiment shows publication topic prior is important for citation recommendation given a textual information need.


Abstract It is well established that ion bombardment of certain solids leads to the formation of a disordered, often amorphous, phase. Though it is not difficult to describe the fractional disordering (F d) as a function of the depth and of the volume disordered per ion impact, there is still no adequate model which relates F d, to the fraction of inert gas (F IB) that would be released during the thermal annealing or chemical dissolution of the disorder. It is shown that an analytically manageable relation between F d and F IB can be obtained on the basis of four assumptions, the most critical of which is that each ion impact gives rise to a compact, rather than fragmented, disordered region. This relation is shown to be reasonably well obeyed with Al2O3, diamond, and ZrSiO4, making it possible to estimate both the effective depth of disordering (R d) and the size of the disordered regions (V d 1/3). R d for 10-keV Kr bombardment is with all three substances roughly 140 A. Likewise, V d 1/3 is 14–20 A wi...


Objective: To establish the purification technology of Total phenolic acid of Danshen by macroporous resin. Method: Static adsorption rate and desorption rate were taken as indexs to optimize the type of macroporous resin and purifi cation technology parameters. Result: The HPD-400 macroporous resin was chosen in the purifi cation technology of Total phenolic acid of Danshen. Optimum adsorption technological conditions were as following: The adsorption rate was 2BV/h. The concentration was 0.5 g raw drug/mL with pH of 4. 3BV water was used to elute impurity before desorption. Optimum desorption technological conditions were as following: Eluted with 40% ethanol aqueous at the fl ow rate 3BV/h, and pH was 5. Conclusion: The method is simple,accurate,specifi c and can be applied in the purifi cation of Total phenolic acid of Danshen.


Abstract. Due to Bell, a ring R is usually said to be IFP if ab = 0implies aRb = 0 for a;b 2R. It is shown that if f(x)g(x) = 0 for f(x) =a 0 +a 1 x and g(x) = b 0 + +b n x n in R[x], then (f(x)R[x]) 2n+2 g(x) = 0.Motivated by this results, we study the structure of the IFP when properideals are taken in place of R, introducing the concept of insertion-of-ideal-factors-property (simply, IIFP) as a generalization of the IFP. Aring R will be called an IIFP ring if ab = 0 (for a;b 2R) implies aIb = 0for some proper nonzero ideal I of R, where R is assumed to be non-simple. We in this note study the basic structure of IIFP rings. 1. IntroductionInsertion-of-Factors-Property has done important roles in noncommutativering theory and module theory. Throughout this note every ring is an asso-ciative ring with identity unless otherwise stated. Given a ring R, let N(R)and N (R) denote the set of all nilpotent elements and the prime radical in R,respectively. The polynomial ring with an indeterminate xover Ris denotedby R[x]. The nby nfull (resp. upper triangular) matrix ring over Ris denotedby Mat


Problems in management of students' apartments in institutions of higher learning are attributed to one - sided administration act or ambiguous agreements between the management and students. The management are supposed to update their concepts and methods in the reform work, take signing of self - disciplining contracts as a breakthrough point, strenthen service and management of students' apartments by means of market operation and Legality, and create excellent environment for cultivating talents.


Tunneling of single molecule magnets.- Theory of spin tunneling in magnetic molecules.- Quantum tunneling in single molecule magnets: from the early studies to quantum coherence.- From quantum relaxation to resonant spin tunneling.- Magnetic quantum tunneling through the ground state.- Beyond single molecules.- Magnetic quantum tunneling : the giant spin approximation and beyond.- Magnetic avalanches in molecular magnets.- Deflagration and fronts of tunneling in molecular magnets.- Magnetic dipolar ordering in molecular crystals.- Single chain magnets.- Molecular nanomagnetism on surfaces.- Magnetism of the metal phthalocyanines.- Applications.- Molecular nanomagnets for information technologies.- Molecular magnets for quantum information processing.- Single-molecule spintronics.- Molecular quantum spintronics.- Molecular magnetic coolers.


Abbreviation is a kind of special language phenomenon in modern Chinese, and it is also an important content of reading comprehension teaching in TCSOL. This article introduces its definition and analyses its characteristic. It also offers some suggestions on teaching principle, teaching emphasis and exercises related.


This paper is a study that critically examined the general understanding of the political sect of the late Goryeo period and early Joseon dynasty. It is common to understand the political sect of this period through a dualistic framework based on the conservative and innovative conflict structure. However, the issue of conceptualization of the Shinjin- Sadaebu and the Sarim has been disputed over the sudden replacement of the ruling class. In addition, criticisms are being made about how to over-represent the local community in an advanced manner, or how to understand the central and local areas as opposites. It is also argued that the political sect of this period have provided conditions for continuous reproduction. The basic framework of the general theory is based on the way of connecting political and social history directly based on the perspective of conservative and innovative conflict structure. The construction of a new history and description framework of Koryo Dynasty~Joseon Dynasty needs to start from the limitations of the basic composition of the general public and the understanding of the research landscape in which such composition is being made.


Synthesizing copper ferrite spinnel and using it as a catalyst in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen; the rate of generation is used to determine the kinetic activity of the catalyst.


The article substantiates the similarity of some catacomb burials of Middle Don, Donets, Lower Volga regions. This group has the same burial ritual, as the classical synchronous Donets and following Middle Don cultures, but different, specific pottery. The author regards them as one cultural type, or local variant of Donets catacomb culture and proposes to use the term Pavlovsk-Ust-Kurdum type under the name of the most illustrative burial mounds.


Nature has made available to us a lot of resources to survive but it depends on us how to use those resources. The concept of sustainable development has evolved the term Sustainability. Sustainability builds and preserves those conditions by which humans and nature can exist in creative coordination and which will permit accomplishing the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations. Sustainability word has been derived from the Latin word meaning 'to hold'. We can say that it is a type of an ability or capacity of something which can maintain and sustain itself. If we say that an activity is sustainable, then that activity should be able to continue forever. It is being widely seen today that the attitude of pupil teachers is gradually changing in a developmental sense, due to adaptation of modern ways of living and altered lifestyle pattern. Here an attempt has been made to study the attitude towards sustainability of pupil teachers .The study included pupil teachers of Pauri Garhwal and Dehradun districts.


We show that classical Chern classes from higher (p-adic) K-theory to syntomic cohomology extend to logarithmic syntomic cohomology. These Chern classes are compatible – in a suitable sense – with addition, products, and λ-operations. They are also compatible with the canonical Gysin sequences and, via period maps, with logarithmicetalelogarithmicetale Chern classes. Moreover, they induce logarithmic crystalline Chern classes. This uses as a critical new ingredient the recent comparison of syntomic cohomology with p-adic nearby cycles [6] and p-adic motivic cohomology [7].


The oxidative stability of the carbon fiber-reinforced composite of polyimide was examined, in real time, using the evolved gas analysis techniques. Off-gas degradation products suggested the onset temperature for chain scissions to be fairly low at about 190–220°C. Based on the off-gas products present and the trend of their release, the composite degradation mechanism appeared to be similar between 190 and 371°C, thereby marking 371°C to be the highest accelerated aging temperature for its long-term lifetime prediction. Beyond 371°C, different degradation mechanisms would apply. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1219–1227, 2002


Explaining and apologizing to patients after a medical error has resulted in injury does not result in an increase in lawsuits, a large US study has reported.1

In the face of growing numbers of lawsuits, many US hospitals have introduced "communication and resolution" programs over the past few years. In these programs hospitals communicate with patients when adverse events have occurred, investigate and explain what happened, apologize where appropriate, and offer compensation where failure to follow standard procedures led to significant harm.

The study analyzed the documentation and outcomes for …


Existing cluster-based methods for investigating insect species assemblages or profiles of a region to indicate the risk of new insect pest invasion have a major limitation in that they assign the same species risk factors to each region in a cluster. Clearly regions assigned to the same cluster have different degrees of similarity with respect to their species profile or assemblage. This study addresses this concern by applying weighting factors to the cluster elements used to calculate regional risk factors, thereby producing region-specific risk factors. Using a database of the global distribution of crop insect pest species, we found that we were able to produce highly differentiated region-specific risk factors for insect pests. We did this by weighting cluster elements by their Euclidean distance from the target region. Using this approach meant that risk weightings were derived that were more realistic, as they were specific to the pest profile or species assemblage of each region. This weighting method provides an improved tool for estimating the potential invasion risk posed by exotic species given that they have an opportunity to establish in a target region.


ABSTRACT:In 2012, the Environmental Protection Agency proposed a new set of stricter carbon dioxide emissions standards. For coal-fired power plants, one way to meet those benchmarks would have been to use carbon capture technology, in which special equipment is installed to separate out CO2 from power plant gas streams. To complete the system called carbon capture and storage (CCS), the separated carbon is then transported and stashed in underground rock formations.


This study investigates the arbitrary scattering of an unpolarized electromagnetic (EM) high-order Bessel vortex (helicoidal) beam (HOBVB) by a homogeneous water sphere in air. The radial components of the electric and magnetic scattering fields are expressed using partial wave series involving the beam-shape coefficients and the scattering coefficients of the sphere. The magnitude of the 3D electric and magnetic scattering directivity plots in the far-field region are evaluated using a numerical integration procedure for cases where the sphere is centered on the beam's axis and shifted off-axially with particular emphasis on the half-conical angle of the wave number components and the order (or helicity) of the beam. Some properties of the EM scattering of an HOBVB by the water sphere are discussed. The results are of some the scattering of importance in applications involving EM HOBVBs by a spherical object.


Background Osteochondral autologous transplantation is used for the treatment of full-thickness articular cartilage lesions of a joint. Press-fit stability is an important factor for good survival of the transplanted plugs. Material and methods 36 plugs of three different lengths were transplanted in fresh-frozen human knees. On one condyle, 3 plugs were exactly matched to the depth of the recipient site ("bottomed" plugs) and on the opposite condyle 3 plugs were 5 mm shorter than the depth of the recipient site ("unbottomed" plugs). Plugs were left protruding and then pushed in until flush, and then to 2 mm below flush level, using a loading apparatus. Results Longer plugs needed higher forces to begin displacement. At flush level, bottomed plugs needed significantly higher forces than unbottomed plugs to become displaced below flush level (mean forces of 404 N and 131 N, respectively). Shorter bottomed plugs required higher forces than longer bottomed ones. Interpretation Bottomed plugs generally provide much more stability than unbottomed ones. Short bottomed plugs are more stable than long bottomed plugs. Thus, in clinical practice it is advisable to use short bottomed plugs. If, however, unbottomed plugs are still chosen, the longer the plug the higher the resulting stability will be because of higher frictional forces.


Based on a coin-tossing scheme, a generalized Mahonian statistic is defined on absorption ring mappings and applied in obtaining combinatorial interpretations of the coefficient ofqjin the expansion of ?ki=1(1+q+q2+?+qmi). In the permutation case, the statistic coincides with one studied by Han that specializes many known Mahonian statistics.


The amount of Pt deposited on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode can be controlled precisely by electrochemical reduction of PtCl62− incorporated as a counter ion in the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film coated on the electrode surface. Electrocatalysis of the resulting modified electrode for molecular oxygen reduction is also described.


Losing the bite height or the vertical dimension of occlusion disturbs the function and aesthetics of each patient. Its reconstruction is successfully carried out through series of methods which make it easier to determine the new vertical dimension of occlusion. Detailed diagnosis and caution are needed while carrying out the reconstruction for it to be successful.
 The collapse of the vertical dimension of occlusion is due to two reasons. The first reason is the general abrasion of all teeth due to bruxism. The second reason is the loss of the back region's teeth without their compensation.
 The methods we use are numerous and are used in combination with each other because each one is not sufficiently precise on its own. According to one's experience, each practitioner decides which methods he will be using.
 Beside the vertical dimension of occlusion it is essential to know and determine the vertical dimension of physiological rest position, as well as the horizontal relationship of the maxilla and the mandible, that is, the centric relation and the maximum intercuspidation.
 The reconstruction procedure can be performed by occlusal rims bumper or wax-up and mock-up.
 When changing vertical dimension of occlusion, it is important to take into account certain criteria, the possibility of errors and possible unwanted consequences due to the change of vertical dimension of occlusion.


ABSTRACT Analytical methods for the determination of inorganic arsenic species have attracted much attention due to the high toxicity of these compounds and related legislative regulations for food. A new method for the separation and quantitation of As(III) and As(V) was developed using ion-exchange membranes and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Using the anion-exchange polymer membrane, As(V) was selectively collected on the membrane, and As(III) was filtered through the membrane. The separated As(V) on the membrane was directly determined by LIBS. The As(III) in the filtrate was subsequently oxidized to As(V) and collected by the membrane for LIBS analysis. The detection limit for As(V) was estimated to be 10 mg/kg. The recovery efficiencies for the arsenic species as standards were in the range of 97–99%. This method was applied for the analysis As-spiked water certified reference materials, and the results showed that the recovery for As(V) was 98.9%. This new speciation method is cost-effective, simple, and low labor-intensive for the quantitation of inorganic arsenic.


This paper describes the use of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) data for mapping the distribution of spontaneous activity in the human brain across different spatial scales, magnets and individuals. Specifically, the resting-state functional MRI signals acquired under the HCP 3 tesla (T) and 7T magnet protocols were measured by computational methods at multiple spatial scales across the cerebral cortex using: 1) an amplitude metric on a single measuring unit (ALFF), 2) a functional homogeneity metric on a set of neighboring measuring units (ReHo) and 3) a homotopic functional connectivity metric on pairs of symmetric measuring units between the two hemispheres (VMHC). Statistical assessments on these measurements revealed that all the raw metrics were enhanced by the higher magnetic field, highlighting their dependence on magnet field strength. Measurement reliability of these global measurements were moderate to high and comparable between between 3T and 7T magnets. The differences in these measurements introduced by the higher magnetic field were spatially dependent and varied according to specific cortical regions. Specifically, the spatial contrasts of ALFF were enhanced by the 7T magnet within the anterior cortex while weakened in the posterior cortex. This is opposite for ReHo and VMHC. This scale-dependent phenomena also held true for measurement reliabilities, which were enhanced by the 7T magnet for ReHo and VMHC and weakened for ALFF. These reliability differences were primarily located in high-order associate cortex, reflecting the corresponding changes of individual differences: higher between-subject variability and lower within-subject variability for ReHo and VMHC, lower between-subject variability and higher within-subject variability for ReHo and VMHC with respect to higher magnetic field strength. Our work, for the first time, demonstrates the spatial-scale dependence of spontaneous cortical activity measurements in the human brain and their test-retest reliability across different magnet strengths, and discussed about the statistical implications for experimental design using resting-state fMRI.


Spray deposition method was developed as a cost-efficient technique for fabrication of multilayer structures used in the organic based devices (OBD) like diodes, displays and solar cells. The active layers of OBDs were deposited using conventional airbrush. The temperature was varied for layer morphology optimization. The spray deposited at 70°C films showed smoother surface than the spin-coated ones, pinhole-free and uniform coatings were obtained. It was demonstrated that could be produced multilayer structure, containing layers from different organic materials, but all soluble in the same solvent. They remained separated without sublayer damaging. The performance of sprayed multilayer organic device was compared to that of the spin-coated. The structures prepared by spray showed better electrical performance and increasing of the current efficiency. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2009.859]


Pulmonary carcinoid tumors make up 1-2% of all lung tumors. Our hospital is the tertiary center for assessment and resection of lung lesions for a large UK metropolitan area with a catchment population of ≈1,900,000. There are currently no guidelines for the management of pulmonary carcinoid however the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) has published a document on best practice for management of carcinoid in general. 71 patients were found to have carcinoid on biopsy over 10 years. Using ENETS guidelines and input from the local endocrinology team a pro-forma was designed to audit management and follow-up of this group. The electronic patient record was used to gather data. 18.3% were suspected on imaging of having carcinoid prior to histological diagnosis. 84.5% had typical carcinoid with one not having a specification, the remainder were atypical carcinoids. Tissue was obtained via surgical procedure in 63.3% of cases. 25.3% had tissue obtained via bronchoscopy or EBUS. The remainder had CT guided biopsy. All patients were seen by Cardiothoracics with 69% going on to be seen in Respiratory outpatients with 19.7% being seen by Endocrinology. The remainder had medical follow-up in their local hospitals with notes unavailable. 5-HIAA was requested in 5.6% of cases not seen by endocrinology. Every patient had a follow-up chest x-ray with 4.2% having an echo pre-op. Of the data available, the majority of patients seen by endocrinology had a full work-up and hormones titers taken according to symptoms. The results have been used to create a local guideline which will be distributed to hospitals that following-up patients.


Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate that aspects of a rational or functional character and aspects of an emotional and social nature condition the perceived value of the exchange relationships among firms in an industrial cluster.Design/methodology/approach: – The research uses structural equation models (SEM) to test the models and applies the maximum likelihood estimation method in all the causal models obtained in the course of the data analysis.Findings – The results obtained support the hypotheses put forward, and in particular the importance of emotional and social values in industrial relations.Research limitations/implications – Recent advances in consumer and services marketing consider that perceived value and satisfaction are central to explaining customer loyalty. However, very few studies in B2B explain the multidimensionality of perceived value. For this purpose, the authors test their working hypotheses in the Spanish ceramic tiles cluster. Specifically, they analyze the relationships ...


The feasibility of using the deposition of S35 in wounds as a measure of the rate of healing was investigated by administering isotopically labeled methionine, cystine, or sulfate to surgical patients. It was found that the level of S35 measurable at the surface of the wounds was higher when either methionine-S35 or cystine-S35 was given after wounding than when given before. More S35 was incorporated into the wound tissue when methionine was the source of the isotope than when labeled cystine supplied the S35. About 4-7 times as much S35 was detectable in the regenerating wound tissue within a few days after wounding, compared to S35 detectable in unaltered skin. Only a relatively small amount of sulfate-S35 was taken up by healing wound tissue. These results were obtained by the use of a technic which made it possible to measure repetitively, over a long period, the activity at the surface of the same sample of wound tissue.


Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine (IPTp‐SP) to prevent malaria and adverse birth outcomes is threatened by Plasmodium falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine. We investigated the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with monthly dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine (IPTp‐DHP) as an alternative option to IPTp‐SP. A total of 956 malaria‐free (malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) negative) pregnant women from moderate malaria transmission areas in Tanzania were enrolled and randomized to receive monthly IPTp‐DHP (n = 478) or IPTp‐SP (n = 478) and followed for maternal and birth outcomes. The primary outcome was the prevalence of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria (active or past infection). Secondary outcomes were overall malaria at delivery, symptomatic‐malaria, parasitemia during pregnancy, and adverse birth outcomes as a composite of spontaneous‐abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight (LBW) fetal anemia. Outcome differences between treatment groups were expressed as the protective efficacy (PE), defined as 1‐prevalence ratios or 1‐incidence rate ratio. The prevalence of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria was significantly lower in IPTp‐DHP (2.5%, 12/478) than IPTp‐SP (8.2%, 39/478); PE = 69% (95% confidence interval (CI): 42–84, P < 0.001). The prevalence of maternal malaria at delivery was significantly lower in IPTp‐DHP (8.2%) than IPTp‐SP (18.2%, P < 0.001). The incidence per person‐years at risk for symptomatic‐malaria (0.02 vs. 0.12, P = 0.002) and parasitemia during pregnancy (0.28 vs. 0.67, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the IPTp‐DHP group than in the IPTp‐SP group. The prevalence of any adverse birth outcomes (composite) was not significantly (P = 0.06) different between IPTp‐DHP (17.9%) and IPTp‐SP (23.8%). However, the prevalence of LBW (4.6% vs. 9.6%, P = 0.003) was significantly lower in IPTp‐DHP compared with IPTp‐SP. We report superior protective efficacy of monthly IPTp‐DHP against malaria in pregnancy and LBW than IPTp‐SP.


Anthropology, J. Maquet has undertaken another brave attempt to give aesthetic anthropology the recognition it deserves. Better still, together with 'accessible' publication of The Aesthetic Experience, the author tries to convince a broad public of the fact that aesthetic anthropology deserves de facto a wider and de iure a deeper recognition. In doing so, Maquet does not avoid resorting to a common academic trick, which consists in applying an analogy of power: my discipline is important not so much because it yields interesting questions and insights but because its object as such is important. Consequently, he sets out to establish aesthetic experience as a basic &dquo;mode of human consciousness&dquo; (51 ) or as a species-specific &dquo;mental process of creation and appreciation&dquo; (3) on a seemingly solid neuro-physiological basis. Such a move has a double effect. In the eyes of fellow aestheticians and philosophers of art, Maquet will offer a legitimation ad nauseam; millions of art objects and millions of aesthetic sentences speak for themselves. However one can imagine that while contemplating an intelligible biological/empirical explanation (Part I) of the personally, socially and culturally omnipresent aesthetic attitude (Part III), the informed layman will find himself somewhat reassured: aesthetics also


1 D. A. 4i8a8-25. For this sense of Kath Hauta, see An. Post. 73a34-b24. There are admittedly other senses. The following abbreviations are used in this paper: An. Post. Posterior Analytics Phys. Physics G. & C. De Generatione et Corruptione D.A. De Anima D.S. De Sensu Som. De Somno Insom. De Insomniis Resp. De Respiratione H.A. Historia Animalium P.A. De Partibus Animalium Metaph. Metaphysics 2 If one looks at his definitions of color, light, sound, odor, flavor, hot, cold, fluid, dry, one will find that they very seldom mention the senses. (D.A. 4i8bg-IO; 4i8bi6-I7, b2o, 4q9aq-II, 420a8-9, a2I-23, bii; D.S. 43gai9-20, b I I-I 2, 44i b 19-21, 443a7; G. & C. 329b26-32; P.A. 648a2o-65oa3.) Much less do the so-called common objects, properties perceptible by more than one sense, get defined by reference to the senses (e.g., unity: Metaph. IoI5bi6I0I7a3, I052aI5-1053b8; change: Phys. 20ia9-15). This is the more surprising, in view of the theory of actually functioning color at D.A. 425b26-426a26, which links color closely to sight. Admittedly, the definitions of color and light bring in the notion of transparency. But the connection between transparency and sight is stressed only in the definition of light (not strictly a sense object at all) at 4i8bg-io. Here light is defined by reference to the idea that when the air or water around us is dark, it is only potentially seeable-through whereas when it is light, we can actually see through it. Allowance should be made, of course, for Aristotle's purposes, which vary considerably in these different passages and which can influence the content of his definitions. But, nonetheless, it should not be supposed that he thinks the best or most scientific definition of sense objects, or the one that gives their essence, will mention the senses. The essence of color is stated at D.A. 4I 9a9-I I, without any very direct reference to sight.


This article presents a clinical example of long-term use as a primary therapeutic product mixture containing free amino acids in a child with severe food allergies. Follow-up confirmed the high efficacy and safety of feeding a mixture of «Neocate» has eliminated one of the major causes of disease an allergy to cow's milk, to keep good nutrition and ensure a harmonious physical and psychological development of the child.


The single integrated sensor chip for temperature, humidity and pressure is manufactured by: on substrate, processing a parallel plate as the electrode of a capacitor for humidity and three resistances as the strain resistance and thermistor; preparing one layer of polymer on the plate and resistances as the capacitor dielectric medium and the elastic membrane respectively; arranging a grid plate on former dielectric medium as another capacitor electrode; forming a voltage-measuring bridge by resistances on pressure-sensitive membrane and substrate; vacuum sealing the cavity under the pressure-sensitive film to measure absolute pressure.


A single line converter module comprises a housing; an environmentally hardened fiber optic connector located in the housing and configured to be optically coupled to a service terminal for receiving downstream optical frames; a single electrical connector located in the housing and coupled over a metallic medium to a network terminal providing a service to respective customer premise equipment (CPE); and an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter located in the housing and configured to convert the downstream optical frames to an electrical signal for transmission over the metallic medium to the network terminal.


Based on cell fault model, the paper studies test pattern generation and self test of tree adder, which is frequently used in the high performance processors. Firstly, the paper analyzes the tree adder's principle and concludes its properties. Secondly, based on the introduction of cell fault model, which is fit for the testing of regular circuits, the paper presents a complete solution to tree adder testing. In conclusion, 5 n -1 test patterns are enough to exhaustively test all detectable cell faults and any modification of tree adder is not required. Experiment results show that these patterns can guarantee that all cell faults are tested. These patterns have high regularity and can be effectively produced on-chip as required for BIST. Furthermore, a kind of test structure suited for BIST is presented in the paper. When testing, only 7 seed patterns are memorized and all other test patterns can be realized by loop shifting.


Innovative value added product of prawn meat sago and rice crackers were developed and their nutritive and organoleptic qualities were analysed. The nutrients such as protein and lipid were higher in crackers. The spoilage indicators such as FFA TMA-N and TVB-N were slightly increased during the storage period and the increase was not exceeded the permissible limit. Microbial and organoleptic characters were good and crackers are safe and delicious for human consumption.


Sampling frequency and bit resolution impact the presentation of heartbeats in electrocardiograms. One of the most challenging tasks in automated medical interpretation is the determination of the heartbeat type, whether the beat was initiated by a normal sequence, or by the ventricle. The usual way to detect the beat class is to analyze the morphological features including shape, width and height of the heartbeat. In this paper, we tackle this problem by checking the similarity of the heartbeats and set a research hypothesis that Bézier interpolation can improve the correctness of the similarity check. We found that the similarity check of two heartbeats can be improved a lot by using Bézier interpolation on the samples around the detected peak.


Aspects of the invention include color change compositions having a color former and color developer composition that transitions from a first color state to a second color state upon application of an applied stimulus and an amount of a copolymer sufficient to eliminate background color of the color former and color developer composition during transition from the first color state to the second color sate. Methods for preparing and devices employing the color change compositions of the invention are also described.


In this paper, we describe a low-price method to test integrated circuits using the same test vectors in the gate, transistor and device levels of abstraction. A test program often generates hundreds of thousands of different test vectors applied at a frequency of several megahertz over several hundred milliseconds. Production testers are large machines that take up their own room and are very expensive (typically well over $1 million). Either the customer, or the ASIC manufacturer, or booth, develop the test program. Two things are necessary before virtual integration and test can be accomplished. The first is the ability to simulate the hardware at speeds sufficient to make software execution a reality. In most cases, this means that the hardware simulation performance must be increased by a factor of at least 1000 over current execution speeds. The second is the need to bring the debug and development environments of the hardware and software closer together. In order to describe here the proposed method, the test of a circuit is presented. The DUT (device under test) used as example is a digital integrated circuit that implements a novel architecture for multiplication. The multiplier integrated circuit was designed using Xilinx and Mentor Graphics tools and fabricated in AMI_C5F technology. Results have shown that the idea can be easily extended to 16 or 32 bits and the frequency operation is directly dependent of the FPGA board used. Test vectors up to 50 MHz were being employed with a depth equal to 100


Many branches of engineering require an understanding of the propagation and diffraction of waves on thin elastic structures. Two notable examples are, first, the control of noise and vibration in aircraft and land-based vehicles, and second, the nondestructive evaluation of defects such as cracks in thin components. The latter often employs ultrasonic excitation of elastic waves in a specimen, but determining the location and nature of a defect from its scattered wave field is a complex and non-trivial task. Indeed, modern engineering components now employ composite or multiphase materials, which increase the level of difficulty because the plate is anisotropic and often also inhomogeneous.


Intellectual property is an increasingly important issue that affects software engineers and software engineering. This panel addresses a variety of topics related to intellectual property and software, including copyrights, patents, and internationalization.


Electrical submersible pump (ESP) systems in the oil field have unique features due to the long cabling effect. The electrical system for a typical ESP installation consists of a variable frequency drive (VFD), a multi-tap step-up transformer, a surface cable, a downhole main cable, a motor lead extension (MLE) cable, and an electrical submersible motor. A load filter is usually required in a VFD-ESP system. In this paper, several operational parameters that can significantly affect operating conditions of an ESP system are demonstrated through field measurements and simulation of a practical ESP system currently in operation in Alberta, Canada. The simulation model is also validated by comparing with field measurement data. This analysis is beneficial to field engineers and ESP system operators to understand better the impacts of equipment parameter settings.


The thyroid gland is usually located in the anterior neck region between the second and fourth tracheal cartilages. An ectopic thyroid refers to the presence of thyroid tissue in other locations. Its reported preva-lence is 1 per 100,000-300,000 people and 1 per 4,000-8,000 patients with thyroid diseases. This report describes the case of a 51 -year-old woman with an ectopic thyroid in the form of a large mass on the base of the tongue with repeated hematemesis. To reduce the bleeding, embolization of the main feeding artery was performed before surgical intervention. As a result, the surgery was successfully performed via the intraoral approach without much bleeding. Thus, embolization before surgical treatment for an ectopic thyroid on the base of the tongue was demonstrated to be an effective therapeutic strategy.


Aims: Vehicle accidents on most highways had caused a lot of losses. Many sustained injuries that marred them and left families helpless. Nigeria highways are not exempted. Drunk-driving increases tendency, severity and causality of crashes. Effects of auto crash damage to lives and properties necessitated the development of the Microcontroller-based Driver Alcohol Detection System (MDADS).
Study Design: The system employed ATMega328p microcontroller (CU) which coordinated operations of 7 units that made the MDADS. The units are: Sensor Unit (SU), Switch (S), Power Unit (PU); LCD Indicating Unit (LIU), Alarm Unit (AU), DC motor (Ignition) Unit (IU) and Liquid Crystal Display Unit (LCDU).
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted for 7 months in the Department of Computer Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji (FEDPOLEL), Nigeria. It was conducted between October 2020 and July 2021.
Methodology: Once the MDADS is ON, it assesses presence of alcohol in the endogenous alcohol molecules from the driver with the help of the SU. The SU sends signal to CU to control and sends signal to trigger the IU, AU and the LCDU of the MDADS, if the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) exceeds the stipulated threshold 0.29ml/l. 60s tolerance was given to driver to switch OFF the ignition. If driver refuses to comply by switching OFF the ignition, the CU sends a "SWITCH OFF" signal to the IU, the LCDU displays "Drunk" and the buzzer continuously sounds alarm. The designed system was tested and parameters for evaluation were taken. The parameters among other includes True Acceptance Rate (TAR), False Acceptance Rate (FAR), Unable to Accept Rate (UAR) and Detection Accuracy (DA),
Results: TAR were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.77 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture respectively. FAR were 0.03, 0.00, and 0.00 for man, alcoholic drinks and herbal mixture, respectively. For human being, Precision (P) and Recall concept (R) were 0.04 and 0.15 respectively while for P and R for others were negligible.
Conclusion: The results reveals that the system can be profitably employed for and improved safety on the highways through precise warning before "switching off" of car engine. A further design should be done to differentiate vividly between drunk drivers and presence of other alcoholic substances such as drugs that contain some alcoholic contents, petrol, methylated spirit and alcoholic drinks.


The controversy pertaining to the validity of the name tarsimaculatus has assumed prominence with the recognition that the mosquitoes so designated constitute several valid species. A brief resume of the origin and early application of the name tarsimaculatus will facilitate a comprehension of the problem involved. The mosquitoes to be considered are those of the subgenus Nyssorhynchus which have a black ring on the fifth hind tarsal segment. The first mosquito of this group to be described was Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann 1821. Theobald (1901) later described the same mosquito as Anopheles argyritarsis variety albipes thinking that it was a variety of Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy 1827. Theobald (1903) raised hisalbipes to specific rank and placed it in the genus Cellia. Goeldi (1905) published a collection of four papers under the title "Os Mosquitos no Pará. Reunião de quatro trabalhos sobre os mosquitos indigenas, principalmente as especies que molestam o homem" in which he followed the nomenclature of Theobald. In the first of these papers Goeldi (1902) also (1905) states that the Anophelines of principal interest in Pará are Anopheles argyritarsis and Anopheles argyritarsis var. albipes. In a third paper of the same series Goeldi (1905) designated the Anophelines of Pará as Cellia argyritarsis var. albitarsis and Cellia


It gives me great pleasure and honor towrite to you as the new editor of theWEO newsletter. It is hard to followon the footsteps and leadership of former editors, Dr Jerome Waye, Dr Mostafa Ibrahim and Dr John Baillie. As we transition, the editorial team and I will be doing our best to continue the tradition of bringing the news of WEO and its partner societies and members in a timely fashion, combined with some educational information regarding the practice of gastrointestinal endoscopy. TheWEO executive has recently met during the Digestive Disease Week (DDW) in San Diego. The Executive and Governing Council reviewed several of the programs and initiatives undertaken by WEO and its members. We will highlight these one at a time in our future newsletters. In keeping with the tradition, we will also continue to bring interesting cases and videos of live demonstrations from the WEO Centers of Excellence. Preparations are underway for ENDO 2017 – the first World Congress of GI Endoscopy, which will take place February 2017 in Hyderabad, India, under the leadership of theWEOPresident Dr Nageshwar Reddy. Details of the program are included in this newsletter. In this issue you will also find an interesting case presentation we are thankful to Dr. Gomez, from theMayo Clinic in the US, for submitting it. The Emerging Stars program is also included in this issue, and you can read more about their recent Chicago meeting. Finally, if you are attending UEGWeek this October, please make sure to stop by the WEO booth The editorial team solicits your comments and suggestions to improve the newsletter, so that we can be your source for information, both for WEO activities and other gastrointestinal endoscopy news. To submit a news item or any suggestions, please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com.


Telling tales with the body was generally despised as a 'lowbrow' art form in the ballet world of the twentieth century—and there are still many practitioners and dance scholars who share this view. For most of the twentieth century, storytelling was not deemed to be something to which classical ballet should aspire. From the perspective of the new millennium, however, things look rather different. Stories are no longer eschewed by choreographers; indeed, it may well be possible to detect what one might term a 'narrative' turn in the classical ballet repertoire, where the ancient Greek and Roman epics are often providing the subject matter for these works. Chapter 4 explores the reasons behind twentieth-century ballet's resistance to narrative and seeks to offer some thoughts on this early twenty-first-century narrative re-turn. This narrative eschewal in ballet matters because it has had profound repercussions beyond the world of dance, not least in the world of theatrical performance, where plotless dance is regularly invoked as a model for postdramatic theatre.


【Objective】To assess the efficacy of Lamivudine on liver function in patients who infected pulmonary tuber-culosis and chronic hepatitis B virus,evaluating the clinical importance on anti-tuberculotic therapy. 【Meth-ods】62 cases of patients who firstly infected pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B virus are separated into two groups:compared group applied Liver-aid Tablets, Vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs(Isoniazid, Rifapentine, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol), Lamivudine group applied anti-hepatitis B virus drug (Lamivudine), Liver-aid Tablets, Vitamin C and anti-tuberculosis drugs (Isoniazid, Rifapentine, Pyrazinamide, Etha-mbutol). 【Results】The liver damage to the patients applied Lamivudine is much lower than that to compared group. The died ratio of experi-mented group is much lower. 【Conclusions】It is safe and effective to patients who firstly infected pulmonary tuber-culosis and chronic hepatitis B virus for applying Lamivudine and anti-tuberculosis drugs. This method for the anti-tuberculosis treatment plan smooth implementation, enhanced pulmonary tuberculosis patient′s curing rate to provide the good support strategy.


Application of current 3-D laser scanning systems to reverse engineering is limited by two obstacles. The meticulous guidance of the laser scanner over the surface of the object being scanned and the segmentation of the cloud data which is collected by the laser scanner. Presently, both obstacles are being manually solved. The guidance of the laser scanning sensor at the correct surface to sensor distance is dependent on operator judgement and the segmentation of the collected data is reliant on the user to manually define surface boundaries on a computer screen. By applying a 2-D CCD camera, both of these problems can be resolved. Depth information on the location of the object surface can be derived from a pair of stereo images from the CCD camera. Using this depth information, the scanner path can be automatically calculated. Segmentation of the object surface can be accomplished by employing a Kohonen neural network into the CCD image. Successful segmentation of the image is conditional on the locations selected to start neural nodes as well as the prevention of the neuron connectors from bleeding onto neighboring patches. Thus the CCD camera allows for the automatic path planning of the laser scanner as well as the segmentation of the surface into patches defined along its natural boundaries.


Growth regulators are used in agriculture to reduce vegetative growth, promote flowering and fruiting processes, and regulate production alternations. In this study, the effects of the use of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and different plant arrangements on the development and productive yield tomatoes grown for industrial use were evaluated. This experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Universidade Estadual de Goiás, in a randomized block design with a 2×5 factorial arrangement (presence of PBZ and absence of PBZ in seedlings × planting spacing), with four replications and ten plants per plot. The paclobutrazol (growth regulator) applications were carried out in seedlings 15 days after emergence by applying 3.5 mL of the solution per tray at a concentration of 42.5 mg L-1 using a commercial product containing 25% of the active ingredient for the solution. The spacings were 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 m between plants and 1.4 m between rows, corresponding to populations of 47,619; 35,714; 28,714; 23,809 and 20,408 plants/ha, respectively. The initial growth and development of the seedlings, characteristics related to productivity, and the physical and chemical quality of fruits harvested in each experiment were evaluated. It was observed that the application of paclobutrazol influenced the phylotechnical characteristics and technological quality of tomato fruits grown for industrial processing. The planting spacings between 0.21 and 0.27 m had better crop development and productivity.


Field research conducted for 3 yr evaluated weed control in glyphosate-resistant soybean with glyphosate applied alone and in mixtures with reduced rates of the broadleaf herbicides acifluorfen, CGA-277476 (proposed name: oxasulfuron), chlorimuron, fomesafen, or lactofen. Barnyardgrass was controlled at least 95% with glyphosate at 840 and 1,120 g ai/ha, and control was not antagonized with any of the mixtures. At 14 d after treatment (DAT), wild poinsettia and prickly sida were controlled at least 90% with all glyphosate treatments. Control remained greater than 90% 28 DAT in one of the 2 yr, but in the other year, wild poinsettia was controlled 80%, and prickly sida was controlled 43% with the high rate of glyphosate. Acifluorfen or fomesafen (210 and 315 g ai/ha), or lactofen (112 and 168 g ai/ha) applied with glyphosate increased wild poinsettia control to 91 to 95% and prickly sida to 60 to 83%. At 14 DAT, pitted morningglory control improved in most cases when acifluorfen, fomesafen, or lactofen was applied with glyphosate. Hemp sesbania control was increased when glyphosate was applied with these same herbicides as well as CGA-277476 (39 and 59 g ai/ha) and chlorimuron (4.5 and 6.7 g ai/ha). But by 28 DAT, improvement in weed control with glyphosate and broadleaf herbicide mixtures was noted only in 1998, when pitted morningglory and hemp sesbania were larger at time of application (15 to 18 cm). Glyphosate alone in 1998 controlled these weeds no more than 30%, and only for hemp sesbania was control consistently more than 80% with the addition of acifluorfen or lactofen. At 28 DAT in 1999 and 2000, when weeds were no more than 10 cm, pitted morningglory was controlled 91 and 98%, respectively, and hemp sesbania 88 and 100%, respectively, with glyphosate alone at 1,120 g/ha. Soybean injury 28 DAT, consisting of foliar chlorosis and height reduction, was as much as 14, 13, and 23% for the acifluorfen, chlorimuron, and lactofen treatments, respectively, but no more than 6% for the CGA-277476 and fomesafen treatments. When weed control with glyphosate alone was at least 85%, addition of broadleaf herbicides did not improve soybean yield. Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; CGA-277476 (2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-3-oxetanyl ester); chlorimuron; fomesafen; glyphosate; lactofen; barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. #3 ECHCG; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex. A. W. Hill # SEBEX; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA; prickly sida, Sida spinosa L. # SIDSP; wild poinsettia, Euphorbia heterophylla L. # EPHHL; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Asgrow 5901 RR'. Additional index words: Herbicide mixtures. Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment.


An aqueous cleaning composition substantially free of any phosphono surfactant and comprising: - from 0.1 to 12% by weight of hydrogen peroxide; - 1-20% by weight linear bencenoalquilsulfonato; and - 0.1-10 wt% coconut diethanolamide.


Clostridium difficile, the most commonly recognized diarrheagenic pathogen among hospitalized persons, can cause outpatient diarrhea. Of 1,091 outpatients with diarrhea, we found 43 (3.9%) who were positive for C. difficile toxin. Only 7 had no recognized risk factors, and 3 had neither risk factors nor co-infection with another enteric pathogen.


Background: Adult males use health services less often than females; these gender differences likely begin in adolescence but are not well studied.


In this paper, we discuss the feasibility and the technology that we process the identity authentication by using the smart card.In the last paragraph, we point out the way that how to prevent the smart card system from the attack.


The combination of central integrated data management, which is external to the laboratory, and decentralized data entry and acquisition leads to a suppression in administration at the laboratory reception and also inside the laboratory.Terminals linked to the central management system are located in the hospital departments for the entry of the various test requests. They also provide a means for positive identification of samples. The main features of the positive identification system outlined in this paper, even without automatic identification of the result at the analyser itself, are its modularity and its perfect integration to the central management system.Furthermore the overall performance is considerably enhanced by the decentralization in the laboratory of the production and the acquisition of the results. The emphasis is put on source data capture combined with local acquisition on an intermediate medium owing to the installation of independent mini-systems.La coexistence d'une gestion centra...


I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II) is a rare hereditary disorder of lysosomal storage disease, with its primary defect the deficiency of an enzyme responsible for lysosomal enzyme processing, resulting in multiple lysosomal enzyme insufficiency. We report on the clinical, radiological and biochemical features of mucolipidosis II in one case. A 2.5-year-old male infant was found to have developmental delay, coarsening of facial appearance, braciocephali, craniosynositosis, protruding eyes, gingival hypertrophy, impaired enamel formation, kyphoscoliosis, umblical and inguinal hernias and right-hand focomelia. Radiologically the infant showed changes that are characteristic for mucolipidosis II. Lysosomal enzyme tests (including alpha-mannosidase, B-hexosaminidase) were 100–400-fold higher than normal in plasma. Both the clinical and radiological and gross elevation of plasma hydrolates was typical of mucolipidosis II (I-cell diseases).


Intensity-calibrated color video recordings of three barium-shaped charge injections in the ionosphere were used to determine the initial ionization, the column density corresponding to unity optical depth, and the yield of vaporized barium in the fast jet. It was found that the initial ionization at the burst was less than 1% and that 0% burst ionization was consistent with the observations. Owing to the Doppler shift, the column density for optical thickness in the neutral barium varies somewhat according to the velocity distribution. For the cases examined here, the column density was 2-5x10{sup 10} atoms/cm{sup 2}. This value, which occurred 12 to 15 s after release, should be approximately valid for most shaped charge experiments. The yield was near 30% (15% in the fast jet) for two of the releases and was somewhat lower in the third, which also had a lower peak velocity. This study also demonstrated the applicability of the computer simulation code developed for chemical releases by Stenbaek-Nielsen and provided experimental verification of the Doppler-corrected emission rates calculated by Stenbaek-Nielsen (1989). 22 refs., 4 figs., 6 tabs.


The rural tourism souvenirs have reasonable development in the transformation from rural society to tourist destination.On the one hand,we should comply with the sustainable principles during the development process like keeping its rurality,regionality and plurality,inorder to get value-added space of the eco-brand and multi-level tourism experience,as well as avoid vicious competition from homogeneous product.On the other hand,we should consider commercialization,corss-domain circulation and tourism service of tourism souvenir based on folk craft.Though this way,it could protect and inherit the rural element like folk craft and also get a survivable and profitable space for the tourism souvenir.