A cutting-edge cryo-electron tomography technique developed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab revealed the architecture of the cell-wall of the Arabidopsis plant with a resolution never seen before. This kind of plant, the Arabidopsis, is typically used in biology due to large size of cells and ease of manipulation. This new finding may be extremely important for wood technology, because it places us in a better position to improve our understanding of the nano-mechanics, which is one of the key aspects to better understand the wood properties and eventually manipulate the timber at the structural scale. Given the geometrical configuration of the cell wall, the challenge of this research was conducting a detailed mechanical analysis in order to get an insight in two fundamental questions: (i) why has the cell wall such mechanical properties? and (ii) which is the reason behind such a cell wall architecture? To this end, an extensive series of computational models that included masking, homogenization, nonlinear buckling and viscoelasticity were elaborated. The results of the analysis were mostly unexpected, and suggested that, despite the loss of stiffness, the capacity to store and dissipate energy, the stability, the load transfer and the ductility are the vital "design criteria" for plants to decide how the cell needs to be organized.


Acquisitions often occur in waves within industries. We extend the theoretical understanding of such waves by drawing upon research on early mover advantage and bandwagon effects to develop argumen...


Control system level agent technology is a powerful environment that fosters cooperation of control level applications (agents) to solve a set of complex problems not easily solved with a standard control system programming such as ladder code, function blocks, etc. alone. The next logical step in the agent technology evolution is to extend the agent technology capability to the enterprise level. There are many benefits in spanning the agent capability beyond the control system level. The control system environment is not a resource rich environment and some complex large scale applications that require a great deal of computing power may not fit in it. The enterprise level agents can take advantage of the virtually unlimited resources at the enterprise level. This paper discusses the characteristic of intelligent technology and how the agents communicate and cooperate in the different levels of the automation systems.


Fatshion empowered Fife to love her body and to show it rather than hide it. Literally, access to fatshion can render the fat female body visible and enable a woman to find her own sense of empowerment. Resistance comes in all forms and while mainstream fashion may be the ugly stepsister of the male gaze, the essays in Hot and Heavy point to the idea that fatshion offers fat women the possibility to see themselves as viewable, visible, and beautiful. All in all, Hot and Heavy: Fierce Fat Girls on Life, Love and Fashion has a little bit for everyone. It's not something you want to sit down and read cover to cover—but if read as intended—one story for each day of the month—then overall it will prove to be an inspiring book to leave by your bedside. While the book offers readers a number of strong essays, I think most will agree that Tovar is at the center of this collection and she is the star. Her essay may not be the most touching but it is by far the most well written. And, ultimately, it is Tovar that comes off as theoretically sound, unapologetically radical, and endlessly covered in glitter and gloss.


A new treatment is given of the emission of light quanta by an electrical current. It works with the Heisenberg representation, and might be suitable for teaching purposes.


In the structure of (1,3-CH3O–C6H4–NH3)H2AsO4, the H2AsO4− and (1,3-CH3O–C6H4–NH3)+ entities alternate in layers perpendicular to the a axis. These organic and inorganic layers are held together in the crystal by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The H2AsO4− groups are connected by hydrogen bonds to form pairs, with internal short As⋯As distance of 4.5 A.


compassion to herself. The destructive inner critic had taken over her consciousness, and when we hear a voice telling us we are rubbish all the time, it stops us seeing things clearly. It inhibits forgiveness, the expression of loving kindness, and acceptance of our humanity and limitations. No one fl ourishes if they are constantly being told they are not good enough, whether that voice comes from inside or out. A big part of the work ahead for my nurse was for her to show compassion and forgiveness for herself. Only then could she embrace the diffi culties she faced with acceptance.


Objective To investigate effects of sulforaphane(SFN) on mice with Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like lesions induced by D-galactose in combination with aluminum, and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AD. Methods According to the body weight, healthy adult Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups(n=18, half male and female). Two groups(model and intervention groups) of mice were administered with water containing 0.4g/100 ml aluminum ad libitum and subcutaneous injection with 200 mg/kg D-galactose every other day. In addition, the mice in the intervention and model groups were treated with 25 mg/kg SFN and equivalent distilled water respectively by a single oral gavage daily for 90 d. Meanwhile, a normal control group was established. Morris water maze was used to determine the learning and memory ability, while β-amyloid(Aβ) deposited plaques in hippocampus and cerebral cortex were evaluated immunohistochemically. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in cerebral cortex were measured spectrophotometrically. The expressions of Cu-Zn SOD and GSH-Px mRNA in the cerebral cortex of mice were examined by q RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control, the learning and memory ability was remarkably decreased in AD model mice, and the numbers of Aβ plaques increased significantly in hippocampus and cerebral cortex(P0.05). Compared with the AD model group, the learning and memory ability was improved, and the numbers of Aβ plaques decreased in hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the intervention group(P0.05).The activity of SOD and level of SOD mRNA in cerebral cortex of the AD model and intervention groups were higher than those in control group(P0.05 and P0.01 respectively), but there was no significant difference between the AD model and intervention groups(P0.05). During the experiment, no significant difference was found in the levels of MDA and GSH, the activity of GSH-Px and GSH-Px mRNA expression in cerebral cortex among the groups(P0.05). Conclusion SFN could reduce the numbers of Aβ plaques and improve the learning and memory ability. in mice with AD-like lesions induced by combined administration with D-galactose and aluminum. However, the effects of SFN on oxidative stress in AD-like mice need to be further studied.


The Woodwardian collection of the Sedgwick Museum, University of Cambridge is probably the oldest earth science
collection preserved intact in the world. Among its c. 9,4oo specimens (1,574 of which are foreign) it holds seventy-five specimens of minerals, fossils and other objects of curiosity derived from the Carpathians. Local collectors and travellers supplied John Woodward (1665-1728), the London physician and naturalist, with the specimens, which he carefully stored, registered in a catalogue and used as evidence in his natural history studies. Although scattered in origin, the Carpathian specimens possibly constitute the oldest surviving mineral collection of the region, originating in the mining districts of Lower Hungary (now Slovakia), in Transylvania (now Romania), and in Hungary proper. The collectors and the localities are identified here.


Academic writing, much like any other kind of writing, is only effective when writers use conventions that other members of their community find familiar and convincing. Essentially the process of writing involves creating a text that we assume the reader will recognise and expect, and the process of reading involves drawing on assumptions about what the writer is trying to do. It is this writer-reader coordination which enables the co-construction of coherence from a text. Scholars and students alike must therefore attempt to use conventions that other members of their discipline, whether journal editors and reviewers or subject specialist teachers and examiners, will recognise and accept. Because of this discourse analysis has become a central tool for identifying the specific language features of target groups. In this paper I draw on my own work, conducted over several years into research and student genres, to show how some familiar conventions of academic writing are used in different disciplines and what these differences can tell us about the work in the disciplines themselves.


Smes face important competitive challenges. This article
analyzes such challenges, as well as the ways to manage
them, through the lenses of the resource-based view of
the firm. It presents the distinctive characteristics of
resource bundles in SMEs, along with a model of resource
management that comprises three inter-connected
stages: resource inventory, bundling and leveraging.
Competitiveness of a firm will greatly depend, not just on
the resources it has, but also on how it manages them in
each of these three stages


In the paper, the authors present a synthetic overview of some results obtained by means of a number of theoretical and experimental studies developed on some classical masonry typologies such as arches, panels and vaults. The proper implementation of the analyzed structural problem, specialized to the specific case, which derives from the extension of classical structural approaches to structures made of masonry material, is shown to provide a reliable approach to the problem itself, also in the case of some reinforcement, as demonstrated by experimental data which are in perfect agreement with numerical results.


We present in this paper an examination application for blind students with a subjective answer evaluator. In the present scenario, Blind students need a volunteer to give exams, but we have proposed a solution to that by developing a completely voice-controlled website that also records answers given by the students. This will help increase the number of literates who are visually impaired giving as they can independently give exams. The current way of checking subjective answers is adverse. Whenever a human being evaluates papers, the quality is affected by emotion. In this paper, we are testing four different models for subjective answers evaluation using machine language. These models include Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbours. After testing Random Forest proved to be the best giving 83%accuracy.


Abstract Interpretation of Aphra Behn's career and work has been unduly influenced by two couplets in which the poetaster Robert Gould equates women writers with prostitutes. In the most currently influential essay on Behn's plays, Catherine Gallagher argues that Behn paradoxically embraces and flaunts the persona of author-whore in order to preserve her authentic self from exposure and contamination. Even Gould's views have been distorted, since he is often cited at second-hand, and the case for Behn's adoption of the author-whore role rests on a remarkable sequence of misreadings and factual errors, whose general, uncritical acceptance is regrettable. The concluding part of this essay re-examines Behn's self-representation in her dedications and prefaces, arguing that these reveal a woman expertly engaged in intellectual controversy, and occupying a leading role in her profession; a woman who had no hesitation in claiming the forms and roles offered by the shared literary culture of her time.


The problem considered is interval estimation of the stress - strength reliability R = P(X<Y) where X and Y have independent exponential distributions with parameters θ and λ respectively and a common location parameter µ . Several types of asymptotic, approximate and bootstrap intervals are investigated. Performances are investigated using simulation techniques and compared in terms of attainment of the nominal confidence level, symmetry of lower and upper error rates, and expected length. Recommendations concerning their usage are given.


With the database, artificial intelligence, neural networks, and other technology advances, and case-based reasoning technology(CBR) in the field of fault diagnosis has been a great success. Through to research of the CBR key technologies, the establishment of a database using Access, has completed the user interface establishment, uses Visual C++ 6.0 to realize the each module function as the retrieval, the increase, the deletion, the revision and so on.


The making process of logistics agile scheduling optimization plan is a decision process essentially.For all decision parts,the paper proposes a semi-hierarchical control model of logistics agile scheduling optimization.Based on it,the paper constructes a general framework of decision support system.For the running modules in the decision support system,the paper proposes the running control idea based on agile rules.Furthermore,the database system,the model base and method base in the decision support system are researched.The database's three systems are designed by using a hierarchical design idea,and the agile scheduling optimization(0-1)h model with the aim of least remaining loading amount and its "dichotomic search" algorithm are proposed.By estimating the search times to test the computing complexity of the algorithm,the result shows that the algorithm has a good efficiency.


The fields involved in electromagnetic compatibility and the importance of its test are introduced.Based on some measurement standards,the test instrument,test environment are discussed,as well as the direct methods for environmental level,radiation and conductive interference voltage/current at power side,etc.The alternative test methods and automatic measuring methods are pre-sented.The status quo and development of electromagnetic compatibility test technologies in China are illuminated.


The adsorption and inhibition effect of KBr on cold rolled steel(CRS) in 0.5 ~ 7.0 mol/L H2SO4 solution at 20℃ ~ 60℃ has been investigated by weight loss method.The results show that inhibition efficiency(IE) increases with the KBr concentration and H2SO4 concentration,while does not change remarkably with the temperature.The adsorption of KBr on CRS surface obeys the amended Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation.The experimental data have been treated with adsorption theory and kinetic equation.Three adsorption thermodynamic parameters(adsorption free energy ΔG°,adsorption heat ΔH°,adsorption entropy ΔS°) and two kinetic parameters(corrosion rate constant k,kinetic reaction constant B) are also calculated.The inhibitive mechanism is discussed in detail according to the parameters.


Abstract: Concrete is the most dynamic engineering material in construction industry because of its strength properties as well as its durability. The consumption of raw materials not only depleted natural resources but also increases the toxic material in the environment by the construction industries. Now a days the by using the banana fibre in concrete is an efficient sustainable method. The paper presents an Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of High Strength Banana Fibre Concrete (HSBFC) incorporating Fly ash and Silica fume in concrete. Banana fibers are widely available worldwide as agricultural waste from Banana cultivation. Banana fibers are environmentally friendly and present important attributes, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high tensile strength, as well as being water and fire resistant. Replacement of cement by Pozzolonic materials up to 40% in the proportion of 20%, 25% and 30% Fly Ash & 10% silica fume. Determination of strength parameters with different percentages of banana fibers at 0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2% by weight of cement. M70 grade concrete and ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 will be used. The banana fiber reinforced concrete will be tested for compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and Durability tests at different ages of 7,14 and 28 days. Detailed laboratory studies will be carried out with different proportions of banana fiber to determine property of concrete such as compressive strength test, split tensile test, Flexural strength test. Durability test such as Water Absorption, Rapid Chloride ion Permeability Test (RCPT), Carbonation Resistance test, Sulphate Attack test, Hydrochloric acid attack, Freeze–Thaw Test also worked out. The Strength of the concrete in compression and flexure by adding 1.5% of banana fibre with Cement; partially replaced by 20% of Fly Ash and partially replaced by 10% of silica fume reveals better strength as compared to other combinations as proposed in this study.


Attention to the language that defines our scope of practice and goals is essential to performing ethics consultation in a manner that respects all parties involved in the care of patients. We believe that seeking resolution of ethical issues through neutral, respectful collaboration will provide the support and education necessary to empower professionals and families to reach appropriate decisions now and in the future. Acceptance of ethicists who provide such services allows ongoing involvement at the bedside and increases the likelihood of organization-wide impact without the perception of ethics consultants as the ethics police. REFERENCES


Since the Đổi mới (Renovation) and Open policies era, Vietnamese literature has gone through two shifts of paradigm. The first one was from the premodernism paradigm to the modernism paradigm. The second one was from the modernism paradigm to the postmodernism paradigm. The former Renovation/innovation has created a new, different writing movement and changed the whole climate of literature. A new generation of young writer, "post-1975 literature generation" has been born. The latter Renovation/innovation happened silently but more profound, had deep individualism instead of a movementcharacteristic and the self-consciousness of the writers. To present the relay races in Vietnamese literature history, the author studies Nguyen Huy Thiep and Dang Than, respectively, the former is the most prominent writer of the modernism literature and the latter of postmodernism literature. And therefore the reader could see the difference between two literature paradigms, also the difficulties in the paradigm shift.


superantigens or culture supernatants from isogenic streptococcal isolates, dif-fering only in superantigen production. Tonsil cell proliferation was quanti-ied by tritiated thymidine incorporation, and cell surface characteristics assessed by low cytometry. Soluble mediators including immunoglobulin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tonsil T cells proliferated in response to SpeA and demonstrated typical release of proinlammatory cytokines. When cultured in the absence of superantigen, tonsil preparations released large quantities of immunoglobulin over 7 days. In contrast, marked B cell apoptosis and abrogation of total immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG production occurred in the presence of SpeA and other superantigens. In SpeA-stimulated cultures, T follicular helper (Th) cells showed a reduction in C-X-C chemokine receptor (CXCR)5 (CD185) expression, but up-regulation of OX40 (CD134) and inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) (CD278) expression. he phenotypical change in the Th population was associated with impaired chemotactic response to CXCL13. SpeA and other superantigens cause dysregulated tonsil immune function, driving T cells from Th to a proliferating phenotype, with resultant loss of B cells and immunoglobulin production, providing superantigen-pro-ducing bacteria with a probable survival advantage.


Sex anomalies have been used in an attempt to homologize the male and female genitalia of insects. Studies of some sex anomalies (Michener, C. D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 37: 336-351.1944) suggest that the second valvifers are homologous with the gonocoxites (phallobase); the second valvulae probably are homologous with the penis valves; and the third valvulae are homologous with the gonostyli (parameres). Homologues of the first valvifers and first valvulae of the female are absent in the males of Pterygota.


Abstract The finite difference method (FDM) is used to find an approximate solution to ordinary and partial differential equations of various type using finite difference equations to approximate derivatives. The idea is to replace ordinary or partial derivatives appearing in the boundary-value problem by finite differences that approximate them. There is an extensive literature on this topic. But, as a rule, ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations were studied without an internal singular point and without corresponding transmission conditions. It is our main goal here to develop finite difference method to deal with an boundary value problem involving additional transmission conditions at the interior singular point. In this study, we have proposed a new modification of classical FDM for the solution of boundary value problems which are defined on two disjoint intervals and involved additional transmission conditions at an common end of these intervals. The proposed modification of FDM differs from the classical FDM in calculating the iterative terms of numerical solutions. To demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed modification of FDM an illustrative example is solved b y this method. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by the standard FDM and by the analytical method. Corresponding graphical illustrations are also presented.


In this work, a mathematical framework is developed for analytical investigation of bias and variance in kinetic parameter estimation of compartment models for dynamic PET imaging. As implicit functions are used for kinetic parameter estimation, an open form equation cannot be derived for bias and variance. The results of the developed framework is compared against Monte Carlo simulations. Bias and variance in the kinetic parameter estimations can be computed within 10 % accuracy, if the noise in time activity curves is not very high.


Navy physicians, surgeons, and pharmacists, because of their knowledge of balneology and hydrotherapeutics in metropolitan France, played a key role in the history of the thermal waters of Reunion, discovered in the 19(th) century in Mafate, Cilaos, and Salazie.


Single crystals of monoclinic La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ were grown using a self-flux method and were characterized by room-temperature powder X-ray diffraction, anisotropic temperature and field dependent magnetization, temperature dependent resistivity, specific heat, and muon spin rotation. La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ has a Curie temperature ($T_\mathrm{C}$) of 3.8~K and clear signatures of ferromagnetism in magnetization and $\mu SR$ data, as well as a clear loss of spin disorder scattering in resistivity data and a sharp specific heat anomaly. The magnetism associated with La$_{5}$Co$_{2}$Ge$_{3}$ is itinerant, has a change in the entropy at $T_\mathrm {C}$ of $\simeq$0.05 R ln2 per mol-Co, and has a low-field saturated moment of $\sim 0.1 \mu_\mathrm B$/Co, making it a rare, itinerant, small moment, low $T_\mathrm C$ compound.


Citation for published version (APA): Mohagheghi, A., Amiri, S., Moghaddasi Bonab, N., Chalabianloo, G., Noorazar, S. G., Tabatabaei, S. M., & Farhang, S. (2017). A Randomized Trial of Comparing the Efficacy of Two Neurofeedback Protocols for Treatment of Clinical and Cognitive Symptoms of ADHD: Theta Suppression/Beta Enhancement and Theta Suppression/Alpha Enhancement. Biomed research international, 2017, 3513281. DOI: 10.1155/2017/3513281


The high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging is effective to the vegetable, but there is rare study about its effect to fresh-cut onion. This work investigates the effect of high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of fresh-cut onion at room temperature. In order to study the effect of different oxygen concentration on the quality of fresh-cut onion, onion slices on the polypropylene (PP) trays were packaged in a package of 18×24cm high-barrier film of 70μm thickness. Onion slices were stored in five different modified atmospheres which including 100% O2, 95%O2/5%CO2, 80%O2/20%CO2, 75%O2/25%CO2 and air. The physics, chemistry and microbe characteristics were selected as primary quality indexes. The study showed that the weight loss and respiration rate of high oxygen modified atmosphere packagings were remarkable smaller than the air packaging during the storage; The total reducing sugar decreased during the storage, but the package with 80%O2/20%CO2 reduced slower relatively; The total titratable acid increased slower in the high oxygen than in the air; The total soluble solid content also reduced during the storage, but there was no remarkable difference in the different modified atmosphere packagings; The total bacterial count of all the packages increased slower in the first 2 days, after that the total bacterial count of fresh-cut onion in the high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging increased remarkable slowly compared with in the air. It showed that the total bacteria counts of the high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging with 80% O2/20%CO2 increased slowest relatively, and the total bacteria counts increased to 10 CFU/g after 7 days. All the fresh-cut onions besides the high oxygen modified atmosphere packagings with 80%O2/20%CO2 and 100% O2 were gently rotten after 4 days. Summarizing all the primary quality indexes of the fresh-cut onion during the storage, the high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging with 80%O2/20%CO2 could obtain longer shelf-life at room temperature.


Persistent hypoglycemia in the neonate is rare and may be due to inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism, islet cell tumors, or unknown causes. A patient with the onset of symptomaric hypoglycemia at 36 hours of age had persistent hypoglycemia in spite of therapy with corticosteroids, A.C.T.H., Diazoxide, glucagon, parenteral glucose and fructose. She showed a normal hyperglycemic response to glucagon. Plasma insulin values were not diagnostic. At surgery, at 7 weeks of age, a discrete islet cell adenoma was found and removed with the body and tail of the pancreas. The spleen was not removed. Following surgery, she had a transient hyperglycemia and required insulin for 8 days with a wound infection. She has remained normoglycemic.


Abstract Since the 31st of January 2008, ITER is a nuclear operator according to the article 7 of chapter II of the Decree of the 2nd of November 2007 which has follow the law "n° 2006-686 relative aux installations nucléaires de base et au contrôle, en matière de sûreté nucléaire, du transport de substances radioactives", the so-called "Transparency Law, TSN law": At this date ITER Organization has sent out the request for Authorization of Creation of the ITER Nuclear Basic Installation (INB), "Demande d'Autorisation de Création, DAC". The licensing process of an INB follows the French regulation which is a mostly non prescriptive approach based on a continuous dialogue between the nuclear installation owner and the Nuclear Safety Authority, "Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire, ASN". This dialogue is based in particular on the writing and the analysis of more and more detailed safety documents, reflecting the progress in the definition and the construction of the project. Steps that will be followed in the licensing process from the present design phase to the dismantling are described in this paper.


There exists a large discrepancy in the shape of the Fermi surface of $n$-type ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ as determined by galvanomagnetic and de Haas-van Alphen experiments. A recalculation of the galvanomagnetic data allowing for the lack of complete degeneracy substantially reduces the discrepancy. The remaining difference can be explained by secondband effects.


We perform a scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study on the electronic structures of √3 × √3-silicene on Ag(111). It is found that the coupling strength of √3 × √3-silicene with the Ag(111) substrate is variable in different regions, giving rise to notable effects in experiments. This evidence of decoupling or variable interaction of silicene with the substrate is helpful to in-depth understanding of the structure and electronic properties of silicene.


A nationwide survey of Internet users of the comments section at the end of online news stories finds men are more likely to post comments than are women. Respondents said the ability to post comments increases their perceptions of the credibility of a story as well as that of the newspaper.


The invention provides a low-delay temperature compensation biasing circuit for time division duplexing mode, comprising: switch tube; potentiometer, one end connected with output end of the switch tube, voltage dividing output end passing through series-connected resistor and filter decoupling circuit and acting as output bias voltage, and another end earthed through temperature compensation diodes; the temperature compensation diodes comprise series-connected first and second diodes; the input voltage is inputted into a voltage stabilizing tube and then outputted to the switch tube, the earth end of the voltage stabilizing tube is connected in between the first and second diodes; a negative feedback amplifier is connected in series between the series-connected resistor and filter decoupling circuit. And it compensates bias voltage of the amplifier, makes the static current of the amplifier keep constant and electric performance not influenced.


We have proposed the onsite wastewater differentiable treatment system (OWDTS). In the OWDTS, household wastewater is separated into three streams such as reduced volume of black water; higher-load gray water and lowerload gray water. Elimination of toilet waste (black-water) from the residential wastewater stream by using non-water carriage toilet will reduce the mass of organic matters; pathogenic microorganisms; nitrogen and phosphorous in the remaining waste stream (gray-water). The lower-load gray-water could be treated by using the natural capacity of soil system and some conventional treatment process is required for treatment of the higher-load gray water. The objectives of this study are summarizing effluent characters from appliances and estimating the size of flow equalization tank and biological treatment unit. We summarized contributions for daily gray-water discharge volume and pollution load from various appliances by referring 43 reports published in Japan. This survey showed that the total volume of gray water is about 200L/day/capita in Japan; the kitchen sink is the most important appliance for all constituents; and the bath tub contribute to the volume ,but production of BOD and T-P is very low. We estimated the required volume of flow equalization tank and biological treatment unit for several combinations of gray waters, and this calculation showed that differentiation of gray-water into higher-load gray-water and lower load gray-water has possibility to reduce the capacity of higher-load gray-water treatment unit.


Disclosed is a system and method for determining modified web pages. An example method includes: extracting a plurality of malware trigger code fragments from a configuration file of the malicious software; creating a verification web page by adding the plurality of malware trigger code fragments into a template page; storing, in a database, data relating to an initial state of the verification web page; opening the verification web page and identifying data relating to an opened state of the verification web page; comparing the data relating to the initial state and the data relating to the opened state of the verification web page; and based on detected differences between the data relating to the initial state and the data relating to the opened state of the verification web page, identifying at least one modified code fragment of the verification web page.


Haitian migration to the Bahamas started in the early 1960s. The Bahamas is experiencing a high rate of unemployment and Haitians are considered job stealers at a time when their numbers are increasing. In 1985 a treaty was signed between the Bahamian and Haitian governments as a result of 1 year tractations. The treaty stipulates that Haitians illegally resident in the Bahamas who arrived before December 31 1980 and who have no criminal records will recieve legal status provided that they were working when the agreement was signed or they are married to Bahamian citizens or they own real estate in the Bahamas. The lack of precision of the treaty allowing contradictory interpretations by both governments was denounced by members of the Catholic Mission for Haitians. From the standpoint of the Haitian government a massive return of its nationals would be a disaster in view of the weak economy and volatile political situation in the country. Returning to Haiti does not open any future for most migrants who will not be welcomed in their own country where they were already alien.


(57) ABSTRACT A method is presented for recognizing traffic-related infor mation (I) in a driving motor vehicle, in which sensor data (B) from a sensor and map data (K) from a navigation system are interpreted for recognition purposes, wherein the sensor data (B) is inspected in a first scene interpretation for the presence of traffic-related information (I) and is compacted to relevant sensor data (B), the map data (K) is inspected in a second scene interpretation for the presence of traffic-related infor mation (I) and is compacted to relevant map data (K), and the relevant sensor data (B) and relevant map data (K) is fed to a regulator for interpreting the sensor and map data, wherein the regulator evaluates the sensor data (B) and the map data (K) and then issues an output signal which corresponds to the evaluation.


In the lossless step of Lattice Vector Quantization(LVQ), the lattice codewords produced at quantization step are enumerated into radius sequence and index sequence. The radius sequence is run-length coded and then entropy coded, and the index sequence is represented by fixed length binary bits. As bit rate increases, the index bit linearly increases and deteriorates the coding performances. To reduce the index bits across the wide range of bit rates, we developed a novel lattice enumeration algorithm adopting the set partitioning method. The proposed enumeration method shifts down large index values to smaller ones and so reduces the index bits. When the proposed lossless coding scheme is applied to a wavelet based image coding, the proposed scheme achieves more than 10% at bit rates higher than 0.3 bits/pixel over the conventional lossless coding method, and yields more improvement as bit rate becomes higher.


Sometimes a small signal can indicate a big change. Dedicated mining paraphernalia hunters might have noticed a recent offering on the web based Gumtree market site - a hard hat from the controversial Ranger uranium mine in Kakadu.


It has long been recognized that the generator excitation control is an effective and low cost means for improving the power system stability. Recent developments in control theory and digital technology suggest an extension of the results obtainable through analog control to derive potential improvements through the use of digital control. There has been reluctance to apply real time digital control in electric power engineering, perhaps this is due to lack of experience and confidence in this technology. In addition to advances in technology, motivation for investigating the control of a generator at the end of a long transmission line comes from the common occurrence of generation being remotely located. Such is the case, for example, at Liu Jia Xia in the People's Republic of China where a 330 KV, 332 mile single circuit line connects a 400 MW station with the main grid. It is reasonable to attempt to use excitation control to permit line loading to the transmission limit. Much work has been done with many interesting results by applying linear optimal feedback control theory to the excitation control. Most of the results are based on the assumption that an explicit deterministic mathematical model of the system to be controlled is available. The system model is then linearized around some fixed operating point with the system parameters assumed constant. By numerous off-line simulation studies, suitable weighting factors involved in an index of quality can thus be found by trial and error.


Abstract We begin with a review of asymptotic properties of a purely sequential minimum risk point estimation (MRPE) methodology for an unknown mean in a one-parameter exponential distribution under a class of generalized loss functions. This class of powered absolute error loss (PAEL) includes both squared error loss (SEL) and absolute error loss (AEL) plus cost of sampling. We prove the asymptotic second-order efficiency property and asymptotic first-order risk efficiency property associated with the purely sequential MRPE problem. For operational convenience, we then move to implement an accelerated sequential MRPE methodology and prove the analogous asymptotic second-order efficiency property and asymptotic first-order risk efficiency property. We follow up with extensive data analysis from simulations and provide illustrations using cancer data.


In this work the inherently ambiguous task of predicting 3D human poses from monocular RGB images is tackled. Two different approaches to achieve this goal are presented.
Firstly, it is proposed to train a fully connected neural network to lift the 2D joint positions, that can be obtained with any off-the-shelf 2D human pose estimation algorithm, to 3D poses. Since 3D human pose datasets are limited and the joint locations of datasets for 2D human pose estimation and 3D human pose estimation often do not match, we create a synthetic ground truth. Through this mean, our model can learn to lift arbitrary sets of keypoints to 3D. Our experiments show that we achieve competitive results on the Human3.6M without using any of the Human3.6M training data.
Secondly, we propose a new fully convolutional architecture that encodes 3D poses with composite fields. Our method learns 3D vectors that point from a central position of the human body to all of the humans joints in the 3D space. Our model achieves competitive
results on the challenging 3D poses in the wild dataset. Furthermore, our model runs at 21 FPS which makes it real-time capable.


The object of this paper is to investigate certain series and differential equations, generalizations of the series of Bessel and Legendre. Throughout the paper reducing, when p = 1, to n . The series discussed are the following:— a generalized form of P n ( x ), the relation between coefficients of x in successive terms being


Hayes et al. (2020) address multiple concerns on the topic of harassment and discrimination training. With our combined backgrounds in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, behavioral interventions, andmanagement, we speak to the topics at hand from both academia and practice. The purpose of this commentary is threefold. First, we respond to several issues raised in the focal article from a labor relations perspective. We discuss how compliance trumps development, an accountability climate for reducing intolerance, and enhancing bystander programs. After commenting on the areas mentioned, we shift gears and bring attention to political identification as a likely contributor fueling harassment and discrimination. Last, we conclude our remarks with implications and a future study surrounding discriminatory social media hiring practices.


Objective
To investigate the status and characteristics of physical activity of pregnant women during second pregnancy trimesters in Chengdu,and to provide the scientific evidence for developing rational movement of pregnant women.

Methods
650 cases were recruited into this survey during August 2012 to March 2013, by convenience sampling method.A questionnaire survey was used to collect their physical activity information,advanced motion in pregnancy intentions,main physical activity ways and times during pregnancy ,frequency and duration of physical activity. SPSS21.0 statistical software was conducted.

Results
Effective response rate was 95%(619/650).95.2% (589/619)of them hold that physical activity during second trimesters was support and the main way for them to exercise was walk.The most of pregnant during second trimesters was engaged in low-density activity .There had significant difference between low-density and other density exercises,P<0.01.

Conclusion
The physical activity forms of pregnant women in Chengdu is single and lack of knowledge.It is necessary to strengthen the health guidance for pregnant women and correct the bad habits of physical activity to ensure the safe of pregnant women and their children.

Key words:
Pregancy trimester, second; Health surveys; Physical activity


The genetics, gross morphology, histology, and experimental production of a phenocopy of a new mutant gene in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) are described. The mutant phenotype, termed pin-head (pi), is characterized at the hatching stage by craniofacial abnormalities including reduced interocular distance (including cases of cyclopia). Rostral head structures such as the olfactory organs, eyes, forebrain, and oral cavity are primarily affected. More posterior structures beginning with the pharynx, otic vesicles, hindbrain, notochord, and gills appear normal. The mutant gene shows variable penetrance and appears to be a simple recessive with increased penetrance when fertile eggs are reared to the hatching state at 10°C (cold sensitivity). Evidence that this gene may affect prechordal mesoderm and plate development is presented. Phenocopies of the pi mutant were produced by the surgical removal of the prechordal mesoderm and plate from neural plate stage embryos.


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron and ramosetron for the prevention of PONV in high risk patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.
Methodology: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, a total of 87 female patients who were undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were included. Patients were randomly divided into the following three groups: palonosetron group (0.075 mg i.v. n=29), ramosetron group (0.3 mg i.v. n=29) and control group (0.9 % normal saline i.v. n=29). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting and the severity of nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale. Administration of rescue anti-emetics was monitored during 48 hours after the end of surgery.
Results: The incidence of nausea was significantly lower in the palonosetron and ramosetron groups compared with the control group (34.5% vs 31.0% vs 65.5%, p=0.014) during 2 hours postoperatively, but not during 48 hours postoperatively. There were no significant differences in the incidence of vomiting and overall PONV, and the administration of rescue anti-emetics among the 3 groups.
Conclusion: Prophylaxis with ramosetron or palonosetron effectively decreased PONV during the early postoperative period.


During the iteration process, the traditional K-means algorithm is easily fall into local optimal solution. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposed an improved Kmeans algorithm, and used the method of maximum distance equal division to select the initial cluster centers. We preset k cluster centers, and avoid it falling into local optimal solution. Apply this improved algorithm into e-commerce customer loyalty analysis, this paper put forward a customer loyalty analysis model using the parameters of shopping recency, shopping frequency, shopping monetary, customer satisfaction and customer attention, and used the improved K-means algorithm to analyze the RFMSA customer loyalty model. The studies show that the improved K-means algorithm and RFMSA model can effectively divide the loyalty of the e-commerce customer, it also can fully reflect the customer's current value and potential value-added ability, and provide the basis that the e-commercial enterprises can adopt different marketing strategies for different target customers.


Campus security is an important component of public safety.However,frequent occurance of school violence brings most schools enormous security risks,in which invasive-type and endogenous-type are two main aspects of school violence.The essay puts forward such measures to build an effective system of campus safety as prevention of insecurity access to campus,promotion on campus software and hardware facilities,supervision on school violence sub-culture,attention to student's mental health and community participation.


This paper deals with the discrete time control of an omnidirectional mobile robot subject to transport delays. A discrete-time model of the vehicle is obtained by considering an exact discretization of the continuous time model of the robot where the time delay induced by the communication network is previously considered. Instead of the original continuous-time delay system, a discrete-time model free of delay for which the consideration of a classical control strategy is possible. It is shown that the stability of the system is assured under the proposed strategy.


By previously entered predetermined data, lens material data and lens design data with the selected frame shape data and the analog integrated approximate actual eyeglasses wearing state, can be more easily and accurately determine individual spectacle like. It provides additional information with respect to the frame data. By including photos and text frame and frame-related voice and make it easier to choose. In addition, by actively introducing side by side comparison of the two glasses of the same display screen, trying on a pair of glasses selected comparison and selection screen and facilitates the selection.


Abstract One approach to stress testing the amount of capital required by a bank for credit risk is to use parameterised account level models with credit application characteristics, behavioural characteristics and macroeconomic factors as predictors. The standard methodology underestimates the amount of capital required because it fails to include uncertainty over the model parameters, over the future trajectory of behavioural variables and over volatility. We provide a methodology for estimating the magnitudes of these additional losses and so a methodology to gain a more accurate estimate of the amount of capital required.


This study was proposed to investigate the effect of service quality, brand image, and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on customer satisfaction. ThIs study was using quantitative design which had causal characteristic. In this research, the subjects came from the Grab Food customers in Bali during the COVID-19 pandemic and the objects of the research were service quality, electronic word of mouth (W-WOM), brand image, and customer satisfaction. Questionnaire and document recording were used to gather the data and then analyzed through multiple linear regression analysis. The results portrayed that (1) service quality, brand image and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) have a significant and positive influence toward Grab Food customer satisfaction (2) service quality has a significant and positive influence toward customer satisfaction, (3) brand image has a significant and positive influence toward customer satisfaction, and (4) electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) has a significant and positive influence toward customer satisfaction for Grab Food customers in Bali during the COVID-19 Pandemic.


In order to study the damage evolution law of composite solid propellants, the molecular dynamics particle filled algorithm was used to establish the mesoscopic structure model of HTPB(Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) propellants. The cohesive element method was employed for the adhesion interface between AP(Ammonium perchlorate) particle and HTPB matrix and the bilinear cohesive zone model was used to describe the mechanical response of the interface elements. The inversion analysis method based on Hooke-Jeeves optimization algorithm was employed to identify the parameters of cohesive zone model(CZM) of the particle/binder interface. Then, the optimized parameters were applied to the commercial finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the damage evolution process for AP particle and HTPB matrix, including the initiation, development, gathering and macroscopic crack. Finally, the stress-strain simulation curve was compared with the experiment curves. The result shows that the bilinear cohesive zone model can accurately describe the debonding and fracture process between the AP particles and HTPB matrix under the uniaxial tension loading.


Many local traditions begin to be faded along with the rapid development of technology and information. Yet, the tradition of Temu Manten still exists amid ongoing globalization with westernized culture. This paper aims to explore the Temu Manten tradition commonly carried out by Javanese and the Islamic values within. It is a case study with a qualitative descriptive research method. The primary data source is the information from experts related to the tradition of Temu Manten in a series of wedding events held around the city of Malang. Data are collected through observation, documentation, and interviews. The study results reveal that there embedded religious values within the Javanese tradition of Temu Manten, which is intended to get closer to God, to ask for salvation and blessing in life.


Support: No funding was received for the publication of this article. Choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) is a major cause of vision loss. For more than 10 years, intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been used in the treatment of CNV. While effective, this treatment strategy is limited by the injection burden. Most patients require multiple injections and response levels can vary. Early diagnosis and treatment of CNV can increase the success rate of treatment. There is, therefore, considerable interest in identifying biomarkers both to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment and to facilitate early detection of the condition. In an expert interview, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi of the University Vita-Salute Milan, Italy, discusses the latest advances in CNV.


: Under the global pandemic of COVID-19 over the last year, the use of image processing techniques and the artificial intelligence algorithms to analysis chest X-ray (CXR) images is becoming important. Determining the lung involvement and percentage development of COVID-19 is one of most important requirements for the hospitalization centers. The most studies in this field belong to the articles based on the deep learning methodologies using convolution neural networks, which are usually implemented to facilitate the screening process. Only a few number of studies are about the determining the percentage of lung involvement and development of coronavirus based on CXR images. The lack of comprehensive datasets of CT images with a large amount of samples is one of the most important issues in this field. Determining of lung infection in COVID-19 patients, based on different CXR images in different days, has its own challenges such as different image sizes, illumination density, radiation dose of X-ray and angle of radiation, which makes it impossible to the implement a simple differential filter on two different images. Using an optimization self-adaptive algorithm with differential and multi-objective approach can improve the performance accuracy with a corresponding reduction in computation time.


Terre, poussiere, un paysage sans fenetre, sans abri. Terre observee du silence, beaute anterieure, le desert est indescriptible. (149)/Earth, dust, a landscape without windows, without shelter. Observed land of silence, preexistent beauty, the desert is indescribable. --Nicole Brossard What drove me to this obsession? The beauty of language, the character of Melanie, the images flying about in my head as I was reading? The all-encompassing nature of Brossard's project and its confluence with my own cultural practice of revealing the process of production? My fear of the future? --Adriene Jenik Quebecoise writer Nicole Brossard's novel, Le desert mauve (1984), is a dialogue between two versions of a story. In the imaginative space between the words of the writer and the desire of the reader, the process of translation enacts a shifting narrative in which the relationship between reality and fiction, the reader and the writer, is always questioned. Brossard, one of Quebec's most important writers, and a crucial feminist writer and theorist, was interested in "translation as an act of passage [..., as] the transformation of a reality" (Interview 1996). Brossard developed her novel as an "interactive discourse" (Parker, "Mauve Horizon" 109) interrupting her own writing process in order to read and imagine dialogues between the characters she had already created. Within the novel, this strategy is found in the conflation and cleavage of Laure Angstelle's novel, Le desert mauve, with its translation, Mauve, l'horizon, by Maude Laures. In the space between the two sites of writing, the translator imagine s the possibilities of the text she has read, creating a fluid dimension of desire, a "space in which to swim with the words" (Brossard, Interview 1996). Brossard's provocative writing has seduced many readers and inspired some brilliant translations. One of these is Adriene Jenik' s CD-ROM translation, Mauve Desert. From her first reading of the English translation of Brossard's novel, Jenik realized that she had found a book that would transform her own life. [1] As she explained in a letter to Brossard, exploring the possibility of her project at an early stage, Jenik was fascinated with not only the transformation from written words to image-sounds, or from French to English, but also the movement from North to South, from night to day, from your generation to mine. [2] The translation from print to electronic text recaptures that process's "root sense of movement through language [...] of language that moves" (Hayles 804). Brossard, in a discussion with Jenik included in the CD-ROM translation, says that "before the idea of the novel had definitely shaped itself," she knew that it would be in "a hot place, where the weather, la temperature, would be almost unbearable; people would be sweating; the light would be difficult." That site became the American desert because of that desert's beauty and danger, its timelessness and history; and because in the desert there are the "traces of the decadence of civilization" in the litter of old bottles and the abandoned, rusting cars. Brossard imagined the desert through the images and words of books about the desert, appropriating the flowers and cacti that excited her through naming, through language. Her translator, Maude Laures, too, finds the desert as a dimension of her reading. But Jenik locates the site of translation in the desert where she lives, and writes the desert from her own experience as well as from her desire: "I live out in the desert, and essentially the desert has b een seen as this kind of trashcan, a waste land for all the worst of civilization" (Interview). In her CD-ROM translation, Jenik creates a space, "un paysage, une enigme dans laquelle je m'enfoncais a chaque lecture" (143), "a landscape, an enigma entered with each reading"(133). In the interactive reading, originally conceived as a film, the process of production is consciously on display, as Jenik "shows the seams" of her work by including scenes of the video shoot and her correspondence with Brossard about the project within her translation. …


The objectives of the proposed research were to determine the effects of gravity on fullerenes formation in flames and, based on the observed effects, to develop fundamental understanding of fullerenes formation and to identify engineering principles for fullerenes production. The research method consisted of the operation of laminar diffusion flames under normal- and reduced-gravity conditions, and the collection from the flames and subsequent analysis of condensables including any fullerenes present, using coupled high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The focus included fullerene molecules C60 and C70 and fullerenic nanostructures including tubes, spherules and other shapes. The normal-gravity experiments were performed at MIT and complementary reduced-gravity experiments were to have been contributed by NASA. The independent variables of interest are gravity, fuel type, fuel/oxygen ratio, pressure, gas velocity at burner, diluent type and concentration. Given the large number of variables and the absence of data on either fullerene formation in diffusion flames or gravitational effects on fullerene formation in diffusion or premixed flames, the first part of the work was exploratory while the later part involved detailed study of the most interesting mechanisms. Samples of condensable material from laminar low pressure benzene/argon/oxygen diffusion flames were collected and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the yields of fullerenes, and by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to characterize the fullerenic material, i.e., curved-layer nanostructures, on and within the soot particles. The highest concentration of fullerenes was always detected just above the visible stoichiometric surface of a flame. The percentage of fullerenes in the condensable material increases with decreasing pressure. The overall highest amount of fullerenes was found for a surprisingly high dilution fuel with argon. The maximum flame temperature seems to be of minor importance in fullerene formation. The HRTEM analysis of the soot showed an increase of the curvature of the carbon layers, and hence increased fullerenic character. After this maximum, the curvature decreases. In addition to the soot, the samples included fullerenic nanostructures, such as tubes and spheroids including highly-ordered multilayered or onion-like structures. The soot itself shows highly ordered regions that appear to have been cells of ongoing fullerenic nanostructure formation.


Specialized radio transmitters were developed for use in monitoring large mammal trap and snare activity. Prototype devices were manufactured by 4 wildlife telemetry companies based on specifications we developed in consultation with electronic engineering personnel. Power outputs from individual transmitters ranged from 10 to 100 milliwatts (mw). Range testing in the gently rolling terrain of northeastern Colorado indicated that ground-tracking distances with truck-mounted dual beam antennas exceeded 40 km. Field tests were conducted using transmitters with traps and footsnares set for coyotes {Canis latrans) in California, black bears (Ursus americanus) in Oregon, and mountain lions (Felis concolor) in Arizona. Our results indicated that electronic monitoring could be a practical approach to reducing field operating costs and check times for devices set in remote areas. Other applications for the technology, such as use with cage traps in suburban areas, also appear feasible. Pages 121-123 in R.E. Masters and J.G. Huggins, eds. Twelfth Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop Proc, Published by Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Okla.


Sucien t conditions are established for the oscillation of proper solutions of the system u 0(t) = p(t)u2( (t)) ; u 0(t) = q(t)u1( (t)) ; where p; q : R+ ! R+ are locally summable functions, while and : R+ ! R+ are continuous and continuously dieren tiable functions, respectively, and lim t!+1 (t) = +1, lim t!+1 (t) = +1.


Common sorrel is a non-conventional vegetable of the family Polygonaceae, naturalized in Brazil and still with few nutritional and sensory studies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Common sorrel, harvested at 60 days. Common sorrel was evaluated regarding the ascorbic acid content, total phenolic compounds, instrumental color: Luminosity (L*), chroma, Hue and chlorophyll. To describe the profile of the sensory attributes, 14 evaluators were used, and 52 for the acceptance test and purchase intention. Common sorrel presented 10.25 mg/100 g -1 of ascorbic acid, 290.51 mg / 100 g -1 of total phenolics and in the instrumental analysis of color, it presented L*, chroma and Hue of 49.28, 25.24 and 122.5, respectively. For chlorophyll index, 36.60 SPAD was observed. The sensory attributes described for Common sorrel using structured scale of 9 cm were: green coloration (4.6) and irregular leaf shape (4.3), aroma of grape skin (5.1), sour and bitter tastes (5.1 and 5.4 respectively), smooth texture (5.7), very thin leaf (3.3), soft texture (5.5) and flexible leaf (6.9). It was verified that Common sorrel obtained scores between 6 (liked very much) and 7 (loved it) for the acceptance of color, flavor, texture and global acceptance of the leaf. Regarding aroma, 32.7% of the scores were inferior to 4. Regarding purchase intention, 65.4% of the evaluators answered that they would certainly buy this vegetable. Although little known, this vegetable was well-accepted by the evaluators, demonstrating the potential for consumption.


ABSTRACT In the present study, land suitability evaluation by parametric and AHP approaches was evaluated for two forest plantations including oak (Quercus robur) and pine (Pinus silvestris) in Toroq watershed, northeast of Iran. Over 416 grid points were studied by exact climate, soil and terrain requirements of tree species. The land suitability indices by parametric approach ranged from 23.49 to 72.02 and 28.27 to 69.67 for oak and pine, while by AHP approach the values varied between 34.48–87.11 and 37.98–78.20, respectively. The most limiting factors for developing plantation of two species in the study area were altitude, aspect, soil depth, and soil texture. The spatial distribution of land suitability demonstrated a similar pattern for the two species, where from the east toward the west of the plain the values of limitations increase and the suitability classes persistently decrease. The regression coefficient (R2) of land suitability indices by two models varied between 0.876 and 0.753 for oak and pine species, respectively.


This paper reports partial outcomes from a three-year project that provided professional learning opportunities in mathematics for middle school teachers in rural schools in Tasmania. The educational environment for the study was one of significant system transition. Student change is reported here and was measured with survey instruments reflecting the basic elements of numeracy considered essential to students' development of critical quantitative thinking and preparation for study of further mathematics. Student improvement was significant across grades in the project.


This paper reports the results of a project in which experienced middle grades mathematics teachers immersed themselves in calculator and computer use for both doing and teaching mathematics and prepared themselves as leaders for communicating their knowledge to colleagues. Project evaluation included interviews with participants at the beginning and end of the project and evaluation forms completed at the end of the project. Pre-interviews indicated that virtually all of the participants had no experience using technology to teach mathematics. Many felt that technology was not likely to be as effective in helping students learn mathematics as other teaching techniques. Post-interviews indicated that all teachers were confident of their abilities to use some technologies in teaching mathematics. They acknowledged that technology was useful in developing conceptual understanding and that their role was to guide this conceptual development. The differences in participants' perceptions about how the project affected them yielded suggestions for future inservice efforts about technology.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the benefits of using system dynamics modelling as a research tool to understand the dynamics of commercial property markets in the UK and their long-term behaviour. It highlights areas for future work.Design/methodology/approachThis is a concept paper that outlines a simple systems model of rental change in UK commercial property markets as a way of illustrating how a systems approach can be used to describe and model the market. The model concentrates on the user market and offers a view of market operation, according to which development activity is initiated by demand (linked to economic growth) and to which supply responds by producing development.FindingsThe model demonstrates how a systems approach can be used to model the impact of a wide range of market variables on rental growth. The approach allows non-linear modelling of the complex relationships and behavioural factors that are difficult to include in existing econometric models of the market. It highlights where existing knowledge is deficient, especially with regard to price elasticity of demand, the relationship between economic activity and take up, the potential impact of redevelopment on the supply of new property and rental growth and response times of various parts of the market development process to market signals. It outlines where further research is needed to incorporate real market data.Originality/valueDespite the wide application of the systems theory to business and other related areas, its use in commercial property research has been limited and has not gained much traction as a research tool. The work represents one of a very few studies applying the systems theory to the UK commercial property market.


The pass rate in the examination to become a sworn translator, being much lower than 50 per cent, gives rise to questions about the reasons for failing the examination by more than half of candidates. In the paper, the author tries to answer these questions, taking into account such factors as how well candidates are prepared for the examination, the system of translator and interpreter training, the written and oral examination procedure, the range of examination topics and necessary specialist terminology, the selection of examination texts, the translation brief, time pressure and assessment subjectivity. In conclusion, the author states that examination failures may be attributed to five factors: examinees' unsatisfactory knowledge and skills (the lack of adequate native and foreign language skills, the lack of a thorough knowledge of Polish law and the law of the foreign language country or countries, a limited specialist vocabulary, insufficient mastery of translation techniques and strategies and a poor knowledge of the rules for doing certified translations), the system of teaching Bachelor's and Master's degree students (ineffective with regard to the requirements of the examination in question), the examination structure, requirements and the method of its administration (a quite high pass threshold, examination conditions – both in the oral part and in the written part – differing from typical sworn translator's working conditions, broad examination scope and the necessity to develop an extensive specialist vocabulary), examiners' subjectivity (the arbitrariness of examiners' decisions in the case of relative/non-binary errors) and – to a certain extent – the provision of insufficient information by the examination institution.


The present invention, first, a first step to identify the memory cells for programming a second and a third level; In applying the program inhibition voltage the unselected bit lines, the bit lines of the selected bit line of memory cells to be programmed in the third level are connected, and applying a ground voltage, the memory cells to be programmed in the second level are connected to the bit lines is lower than the program inhibit voltage is applied to the first voltage higher than the ground voltage, and the bit lines of memory cells to be programmed in the first level are connected, it is lower than the program inhibit voltage higher than the first voltage a first step for applying a second voltage; And to a while, the program comprising the step of supplying the program voltage that gradually increases to a selected word line connected to the memory cell voltage is supplied to the bit lines. The program voltage, MLC, ISPP, program time


There are gaps in teacher preparation in Nigeria, such as limited contents of teaching subjects as well as deficiencies in pedagogy and length of practice, which affect the quality of instruction in Nigerian schools. There is, therefore, need for the supervisor, who should be knowledgeable, committed and tactful enough to sense teachers' failings, suggest appropriate solutions and evaluate the progress of corrective programmes, in order to achieve improved school instruction. This paper presents models to analyze the capabilities of individual teachers, schools and educational systems for supervising teachers for improved instruction in school. KEY WORDS: supervisor, model, instruction, school programme, techniques, and supervision


The invention belongs to the technical field of antibacterial heterocyclic compounds or pharmaceutical preparations with specific treatment activity and relates to a marbofloxacin synthesizing method. 2,4,5-trifluoro-3-methoxy-benzoyl chloride serves as a starting material for preparing marbofloxacin by grafting, amination, cyclization, piperazine condensation, hydrolysis, re-cyclization, alkali dissolution and acid regulation. The marbofloxacin synthesizing method applied to marbofloxacin preparation has advantages of high yield, mild reaction conditions, low pollution and the like.


We have investigated the mode characteristics numerically and experimentally for unidirectional emission microring lasers with different ring widths. The results indicate that the introduction of the inside wall can modify the mode Q factors and suppress the higher-order transverse modes.


Many cryptosystems are based on the difficulty of the discrete logarithm problem in finite groups. In this case elliptic and hyperelliptic cryptosystems are more noticed because they provide good security with smaller size keys. Since these systems were used for cryptography, it has been an important issue to transform a random value in finite field into a random point on an elliptic or hyperelliptic curve in a deterministic and efficient method. In this paper we propose a deterministic encoding to hyperelliptic curves over finite field. For cryptographic desires it is important to have an injective encoding. In finite fields with characteristic three we obtain an injective encoding for genus two hyperelliptic curves.


In a refinery accurately extracting data of heat exchanger network has intimate influence on the scheme of heat integration and the performance of optimal operation.For data reconciliation of nonlinear state parameters of a heat exchanger,a lumped parameter heat transfer model,which featured partitioning the heat exchanger with piecewise linear sub-models,was proposed to overcome the difficulty of nonlinear state space equations induced by nonlinear change of stream properties in the heat exchanger.A set of state space equations on the basis of piecewise linear Kalman filtering was established.A method of data reconciliation for nonlinear state parameters of heat exchangers was proposed.The procedure of the proposed approach and its behavior were exemplified by data reconciliation for a high pressure heat exchanger in a wax oil hydrotreating unit.The results showed that the convergence of the proposed model was strongly dependent upon the number of partitioning segments for a heat exchanger.The state parameters of heat exchanger tended to be convergent to a constant as the number of partitioning segments increased.And the number of partitioning segments should be determined by trial-and-error according to requirements of computational precision in practice.When the inlet temperature of heat exchanger was measured, the outlet temperature could be rectified using the proposed method.And data reconciliation on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the heat exchanger could be performed iteratively.The proposed method could be effectively used for data reconciliation of nonlinear state parameters of heat exchangers.The proposed approach had higher accuracy for data reconciliation of a larger difference between inlet and outlet temperatures or dramatic changes of physical properties of streams in heat exchangers.


One efficient approach to control chip-wide thermal distribution in multi-core systems is the optimization of online assignments of tasks to processing cores. Online task assignment, however, faces several uncertainties in real-world systems and does not show a deterministic nature. In this paper, we consider the operation of a thermal-aware task scheduler, dispatching tasks from an arrival queue as well as setting the voltage and frequency of the processing cores to optimize the mean temperature margin of the entire chip (i.e., cores as well as the NoC routers). We model the decision process of the task scheduler as a semi-Markov decision problem (SMDP). Then, to solve the formulated SMDP, we propose a reinforcement learning algorithm that is capable of computing the optimal task assignment policy without requiring the statistical knowledge of the stochastic dynamics underlying the system states. The proposed algorithm also relies on function approximation techniques to handle the infinite length of the task queue as well as the continuous nature of temperature readings. Compared to related research, the simulation results show nearly 6 centigrade reduction in system average peak temperature and 66 milliseconds decrease in mean task service time.


A novel human face recognition method based on local singular value decomposition and nearest neighbor decision rule has been proposed,its essential contents can be listed as follows.With the stability and the invariability of rotation,local singular value decomposition is used to extract the features of the normalized face image.For face recognition problem,instead of using the membership functions method,nearest neighbor decision rule is used to classification and recognition.The results of experiments show that the proposed method reduces the computing time,and runs faster.Besides,the recognition rate is increased.


We explored emotion and error in encounters with trouble events on a railway-driving simulator. Forty train drivers participated in this experiment, carrying out four simulations including a total of 12 trouble situations (three "troubles" in each course). We measured emotional responses and actions taken for those troubles. It was shown that emotions evoked by trouble encounters could be described by three factors and classified into four groups based on factor scores. Furthermore, the error rate of the fourth group, in which emotion was evoked strongly, was higher than in the other groups. These results suggest that in critical situations, emotion is strongly evoked and increases the chance of error.


Moringa leaves are used as feed to increase the intensity of estrus. It is assumed that the positive effect on the Moringa leaves is due to the presence of vitamin A. This study aims to see the response of vitamin A as a supplement feed to the reproductive performance of beef cows including estrous intensity, number of follicles, follicle diameter, and pregnancy rate. The research was conducted in September-November 2022 in Lappariaja District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. 10 cows were used which were divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 5 cows. Group 1 was the control group without vitamin A and group 2 was supplemented with vitamin A. The data on estrus intensity, number of follicles and pregnancy rate obtained were processed using the Chi-square analysis of 2x2 contingency tables. If the Chi-square test does not meet the requirements, the formula used is the Fisher exact test. While the data on the diameter of the follicles were analyzed by ANOVA test. The results of the research data showed that supplementation of vitamin A had a significant difference (P<0.05) on the intensity of estrous. Meanwhile, the results of the chi-square test on the number of follicles and pregnancy rates (P>0.05) showed that there was no significant difference. Likewise, the ANOVA test on follicle diameter between control cows and vitamin A treated cows did not have a significant difference. Although in this study it did not affect the number of follicles, follicle diameter and pregnancy rate. However, it has an economic effect of 20% on the pregnancy rate in the livestock industry scale.


This presentation discusses Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)/ Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) Intentions and Resource Description and Access (RDA). This presentation includes information on the background and intent of FRBR, FRAD, and RDA, user tasks, and current issues.


Abstract Despite the development of advanced technical devices and procedures, the information held in computersystems remains vulnerable to attack and/or inadvertent mishandling, resulting in security breaches.Increasingly, researchers and practitioners are recognising that information security is not merely a technicalissue, but is heavily influenced by social and cultural factors. This paper argues that post-cognitivistapproaches to human computer interaction, which focus on situated reasoning and the contextual, relationalaspects of computer-mediated activities and interactions, provide a promising set of concepts with which toexplore non-technical users' everyday security practices and beliefs. We review the limited research that hasbeen conducted in this area, focussing on the relationship between security and users' more immediate 'real'work, and their perceptions on risk, and show how it is compatible with post-cognitivist understandings. Weconclude by outlining some further areas for research.


Ophthalmologists who conduct clinical trials and intend to publish their results should follow these guidelines if they wish to be compliant with the International Council of Medical Journal Editors' (ICMJE) policy:


Energy consumption of buildings in Europe is still high despite their significant savings potential. The European Union has issued a number of directives to reduce energy consumption in buildings in its Member States. Each country has put in place the best minimum requirements to make its buildings more energy efficient. By the beginning of 2021 at the latest; all new and deep renovated buildings must have almost zero energy consumption. The latter is the subject of this paper, which focuses on identifying Greece's energy requirements for newly built buildings to meet the requirements of a nearly zero energy building (nZEB). Two categories of building use are considered: a typical single-family house and an office building which apply bioclimatic design principles that all newly built buildings have to take into consideration, while all four climatic zones of Greece were looked into. The work presents the combinations - scenarios of building envelope characteristics, electro-mechanical installations, and RES technologies used in the modeled buildings, first to meet the minimum national requirements and secondly to reach minimum energy consumption. The calculations made use of the national program for the determination of the energy efficiency of the TEE KENAK building. The results show that combinations of a variety of building envelope components, electromechanical systems, and RES technologies meet the country's energy saving targets under its 2030 national energy efficiency plans.


The rootstock cultivar Gou Tou sour orange was evaluated for tolerance to the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, P. citrophthora and citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in glasshouse and field studies. Gou Tou exhibited high levels of tolerance to P. nicotianae var. parasitica and P. citrophthora, alone or in combination with T. semipenetrans. Gou Tou supported higher root and soil levels of T. semipenetrans than rough lemon plants, without reducing feeder root mass. The ability of Gou Tou to withstand Phytophthora root rot and the citrus nematode was similar in field and glasshouse studies. In a field trial under natural CTV pressure, Gou Tou was compared to conventional Florida sour orange, as a rootstock for sweet orange. After 5 yr, Valencia sweet orange trees on Gou Tou rootstock were slightly affected by a severe CTV isolate. The same isolate killed similar trees on Florida sour orange rootstock. Gou Tou developed stem pitting even if inoculated with a mild CTV isolate. In the past, the diseases caused by the Phytophthora spp. attacking citrus were regarded as being relatively unimportant due to the almost universal use of sour orange as a rootstock (7, 12). This widespread use of sour orange led to catastrophic losses in the citrus industries in South America (11, 20), after citrus tristeza virus (CTV) was introduced into these countries. CTV is a virus disease efficiently vectored by various aphid species (15) and is lethal to sweet orange trees on sour orange rootstock. Most countries reacted to the advent of this disease simply by re-establishing their industries on CTV tolerant or resistant rootstocks or by instituting expensive eradication campaigns as in Israel (14) and California (16). The former measure, although successful in reducing the CTV problem, has led to widespread root and collar rot problems (12, 21). I t is clear that Phytophthora root rots are, and have been for some time, major factors in production problems. In South Africa root rot is often associated with the citrus nematode, resulting in massive feeder root loss and reduction in yield and fruit size (8). Costly chemical control of these disorders is widely practised in citrus (10) and other fruit crops (6). Another solution to the problem has been the introduction and use of various tolerant rootstocks. Their use however is limited by horticultural and virological considerations (4). Sour orange assumed new significance with the advent of the citrus disease known as blight. This disease of unknown etiology has destroyed citrus orchards on CTV and Phytophthora tolerant rootstocks in many countries (18). All of the conventional CTV tolerant rootstocks are susceptible to blight (17, 18, 24). Sweet orange, sour orange and cleopatra mandarin are reported to be more tolerant to the disease (17, 18, 22, 24). Cleopatra mandarin tends to produce small fruit with certain scion cultivars (12), while sweet orange is highly susceptible to root and collar rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica and P. citrophthora, and the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans (12). The use of sour orange is precluded because of its susceptibility to CTV (9, 13) and the citrus nematode (12) which is almost ubiquitous in many of the blight infected areas. International breeding and global collection programmes continually expand the citrus rootstock gene bank. One such accession is Gou Tou sour orange from mainland China (25), which was reputed to be tolerant to CTV. This claim, if validated, would be of extreme importance to the citrus industries of all countries, especially South Africa, Florida and Brazil where Phytophthora root rot, the citrus nematode, citrus blight and CTV are common. The aim of this study was to assess the tolerance of Gou Tou sour orange to Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, P . citrophthora, the citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetruns) and CTV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytophthora and nematode assessment. A total of 160 1-yr-old cuttings of Gou Tou sour orange and an equal number of 1-yr-old rough lemon nucellar seedlings were placed in randomized groups of 20 plants (10 Gou Tou, 10 rough lemon) on a raised surface in a glasshouse. These plant groups were separated from one another by a distance of 1 m and irrigated by hose with sterilized water, each plant receiving approximately 2 litres of water twice a week. The plants were maintained in 7-litre black plastic bags at 22-28 C. One week after establishing the plants in the glasshouse, they were inoculated with either or both T. semipenetrans and root-infecting Phytophthora species (P. nicotianae var. parasitica (Dastur) Waterhouse and P . citrophthora (Sm & Sm) Leon). Phytophthora inoculum was grown in a 1:1:3 (by mass) mixture of barley seed, vermiculite and V-8 juice in 2litre conical flasks at 25 C in darkness for 2 weeks. Twelve hours prior to inoculation, the flasks were half filled with sterile distilled water. The next day, both fungal inocula were placed in separate bowls, sporangial counts recorded and adjusted with sterile media, to give approximately equal sporangia counts per batch of fungal inocula. The fungi were then mixed together thoroughly and 100 ml of this was placed in a 5 cm core extending approximately 6 cm into the rhizosphere. This procedure was repeated twice to ensure successful establishment. These trees were then placed in a water tight plastic bag and flooded for 24 hr, after which the plastic bags were removed. The control plants received exactly the same treatment, but without fungi. One month after the Phytophthora inoculations, 1000 citrus nematode larvae were extracted (5) and syringe injected into the rhizosphere. Plants were arranged in a randomised block design, with split sub-plots. Each replicate consisted of ten plants of each rootstock cultivar (40 plants per treatment). Care was taken to avoid over-watering which might have adversely affected nematode levels. Two months after the final inoculations, several core samples were taken from each of the treatment replicates to test for successful establishment of the fungal and nematode pathogens in the citrus rhizosphere. If any of the inoculated treatments were found to be negative, immediate re-inoculation was carried out. During the course of the experiment (12 mo) visual canopy disease symptoms were assessed, and dry mass determinations of the feeder roots were made at the end of the experiment. In the event of tree death, feeder root determinations were made immediately. Nematode counts as well as Phytophthora soil and root isolations also were determined at the end of the experiment. For field assessment Gou Tou sour orange and rough lemon seedling rootstocks with Delta Valencia scions were planted in the field in soil previously under citrus. Trees were monitored for characteristic root rot symptom development as well as soil and root levels of Phytophthora and nematodes. CTV assessments. Virus free Delta Valencia sweet orange scions were established on glasshousegrown Gou Tou sour orange and Florida sour orange seedling rootstocks. A mild CTV isolate (GFMS 12, CTV collection, CSFRI, Nelspruit) and a severe CTV isolate (SOSS 1, CTV collection, CSFRI, Eleventh IOCV Conference Nelspruit), were each bud-inoculated to each of 5 trees of sweet orange on Gou Tou and Florida sour orange rootstocks. Three months after CTV inoculation the trees were established in the field in a randomized block design. Due to the fact that this was a field trial conducted in a locality where natural CTV infection was inevitable, uninfected virus free controls were not possible. Trees infected with the mild CTV isolate served as controls. Trunk circumference was taken as a parameter of growth (2), and hence susceptibility to CTV, and the yield of the trees was recorded. To establish the CTV resistance or tolerance of Gou Tou, virus titre was determined in the scions and rootstocks of the different treatments by means of ELISA (1). The reaction of the substrate was stopped after 20 min and read on a Titretek Uniskan ELISA platereader.


Our bioreactor is an electro-mechanical cell growth system cell requiring rigorous control of slowly changing parameters, many of which are so dynamically interactive that computer control is a necessity. trol computer will have two main functions. First, it will provide continuous environmental control uti 1 izing low signal level transducers as inputs and high powered control devices such as solenoids and motors as outputs. Secondly, it wi 1 1 provide continuous environmental monitoring including mass data storage and periodic data dumps to a supervisory computer. The process con-


Numerical simulation of sheet metal forming processes has become an indispensable tool for the design of components and their forming process, in industries ranging from the automotive, to the aeronautics, packing and household appliances [...]


Abstract On the basis of lithology, structural style, and fossil evidence, northern and southern units are recognised within the Chrystalls Beach Complex exposed on the coast south of Akatore Creek, southwest of Dunedin, South Island, New Zealand. Radiolarians including Spongopallium sp. cf. S. contortum Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler, Eptingium(?) sp., Norispongus(?) sp., and Pseudostylosphaera(?) sp. have been discovered in phosphatic nodules in metamorphosed argillite of the northern unit of the complex. They are regarded as characteristic species of the Middle Triassic (Anisian‐Ladinian). It has previously been known that the more weakly metamorphosed southern unit of the Chrystalls Beach Complex contains moderately well preserved Middle Triassic (Early Ladinian) radiolarian faunas. Together with forms of Tethyan affinity, the faunas in the southern unit contain non‐Tethyan forms including Glomeropyle spp. Aita & Bragin, possibly of Southern Hemisphere high‐latitude origin. These non‐Tethyan forms are also known from the Mahinepua section of the Waipapa Terrane in Northland. Distinctive non‐Tethyan forms such as Glomeropyle Aita & Bragin have not yet been found in the northern unit, the fauna of which includes species that are known from the European Tethys area and which also occur in the southern unit.


Let X be a smooth variety and Y a closed subscheme of X. By comparing motivic integrals on X and on a log resolution of (X,Y), we prove the following formula for the log canonical threshold of (X,Y): c(X,Y)=dim X-sup_m{(dim Y_m}/(m+1)}, where Y_m is the mth jet scheme of Y. We show how this formula can be used to study the log canonical threshold. In particular, we give a proof of the Semicontinuity theorem of Demailly and Koll\'ar.


It would be difficult today to complain, as people were wont to do less than 10 years ago, that children and youth are ignored in the anthropo logical literature. Numerous edited collections on youth and childhood have appeared since the 1990s, and there is a steadily growing number of monographs. Remarkably, while most of these works support the develop ment of a subdiscipline of "youth studies," they also speak to broader ques tions and problems that should interest anthropologists across the board. The works reviewed here, a selection of some of this new literature, give us


This paper puts forward a private cloud service-based scheme in constructing ideological and political education platform. During the overall development, through reading lots of documents and practical investigation, this article performs requirement analysis in system with practical situation in university. The system adopts B/S framework mode, depends on Visual Studio2008 as system platform development and takes SQL Sevrer2016 as a database management platform. According to the design principle in system, system structure and overall framework are determined to complete model design, logic design and table design in database. Based on overall design in system and system realization functions, after test analysis in this system, this counselor's affair management system can realize user's requiring functions and reach the expected effect.


This article attempts to examine the existing medico legal structure and practice in Sri Lanka with a view to identify a) the space and opportunity available for a forensic expert to appear as an expert witness for the defense in a criminal court b) the challenges and obstacles such experts would have to face in appearing for the defense. This submission, in essence, illustrates the relevance of defense expert evidence in Criminal Jurisprudence and elucidates the challenges exist in the Sri Lankan MedicoLegal Framework. Towards the later part of this paper, several foreign cases are used to demonstrate the need and the bearing of defense testimony in criminal trials.


The influence of GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs) on crystalline quality of AlN grown on multistacked QD layers was studied as a function of the GaN deposition. Dislocations in the AlN grown on the QD layers were bent by the existence of the QD layers and the dislocation density in the AlN was one order of magnitude smaller than that in AlN grown on sapphire substrate. In the measurement of Raman spectra, AlN E2 frequency and GaN A1 (LO) frequency depended on the deposition of GaN. The dependence of these two frequencies was strongly correlated. This suggests that the crystalline quality of AlN is affected by the growth condition of the GaN QDs and size distribution of QDs was of great importance in reduction of the dislocation density in AlN by using the QD layers as a buffer layer. The reduction of dislocation in the AlN is efficient when the small QDs are grown uniformly but inefficient when the large QDs are grown. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


We have investigated the effect of tumor necrosis factor- Skeletal muscle wasting or atrophy is a debilitating compli-(TNF- ) on the production of extracellular matrix-degradingproteases in skeletal muscles. Using microarray, quantitativePCR, Western blotting, and zymography, we found that TNF-drastically increases the production of matrix metalloprotein-ase (MMP)-9 from C2C12 myotubes.


Optical amplifier technology is an indispensably key technology in a new generation of optical fiber communication system. The basic principle of optical amplifier technology is introduced, and the comparison between several existing and main optical amplifier technologies is carried out in working principle, performance, applications and development directions.


High-resolution X-ray computed tomography has become a vital technique to study fossils down to the true micrometer level. Paleontological research requires the non-destructive analysis of internal structures of fossil specimens. We show how X-ray computed tomography enables us to visualize the inner ear of extinct and extant ruminants without skull destruction. The inner ear, a sensory organ for hearing and balance has a rather complex three-dimensional morphology and thus provides relevant phylogenetical information what has been to date essentially shown in primates. We made visible the inner ears of a set of living and fossil ruminants using the phoenix x-ray nanotom®m (GE Sensing and Inspection Technologies GmbH). Because of the high absorbing objects a tungsten target was used and the experiments were performed with maximum accelerating voltage of 180 kV and a beam current of 30 μA. Possible stem ruminants of the living families are known in the fossil record but extreme morphological convergences in external structures such as teeth is a strong limitation to our understanding of the evolutionary history of this economically important group of animals. We thus investigate the inner ear to assess its phylogenetical potential for ruminants and our first results show strong family-level morphological differences.


This paper deals with the analytical description of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor running in six-step conduction mode. It assumes a non-sinusoidal back emf, but inductances vary sinusoidally with the rotor position. The proposed model renounces Park's transformation and delivers a set of equations which allow the numerical simulation of phase currents and torque in the abc reference frame. This model reveals the influence of the phase advance angle on the characteristics of current flow. By means of the simulation model two control strategies are shown - maximum torque per amp control and flux weakening.


The combined heat and mass transfer characteristics of natural convection flow along inclined surfaces are studied analytically. The buoyancy forces arise from both temperature and concentration variations in the fluid. In the analysis, the diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion effects are neglected, as are the interfacial velocities resulting from mass diffusion. The surfaces are either maintained at a uniform temperature/concentration or subjected to a uniform heat/mass flux. The important parameters of the problem include Prandtl and Schmidt numbers, thermal and concentration Grashof numbers, the relative buoyancy force effect between species and thermal diffusion, and the angle of inclination from the vertical. Numerical results are presented for diffusion of common species into air and water. For both heating/diffusing conditions, the wall shear stress and the local Nusselt number are found to increase and decrease as the buoyancy force from species diffusion assists and opposes, respectively, the th...


This work presents the attempt to design and develop a wind direction sensor base on temperature change by wind. Array of LM 35 temperature sensor with H/W has been used to indicate the wind direction. The proposed array is used on robot vehicle as the initial stage of plume tracking activity. The robot uses casting movement in form of zigzag motion to reach the wind source. In addition to tracking, the array can be used for metrological applications and environmental studies. This paper first describes the wind sensor array and the second part describes the experiments carried examine the stability and accuracy of design. Results obtained with various source distances and orientations are also reported.