When it comes to opening a safe or playing the slot machines, the perfect combination yields dramatic results. In cancer therapy, the right combination has been particularly elusive. In addition to their direct effects on cell division, chemotherapeutic agents, like biologic drugs, modulate many pathways such as those involved in cell cycle control, cell death, and DNA repair. Combination chemotherapy has allowed the curability threshold to be crossed for lymphoma, but advanced-stage solid tumors that derive from heartier and topologically exterior epithelial cells remain for the most part incurable with combinations of cytotoxic agents. Biologic agents, defined as those that do not directly affect DNA synthesis, replication, or the cellular division machinery, have been an important part of cancer therapy ever since the role of sex steroid hormones were uncovered for prostate and breast cancers. The use of tamoxifen reduces recurrence by up to 50% and mortality by 30% in hormone receptor–positive earlystage breast cancer, but has much more modest effects on survival in advanced disease. However, some patients with advanced disease maintain sensitivity to hormonal therapy for years, whereas others exhibit initial intrinsic resistance; some develop resistance after some period of response or stability. The same principles hold for both cytotoxic and biologic therapies. There are multiple mechanisms of hormonal resistance, and strategies to reverse resistance are particularly attractive because of the low toxicity associated with hormonal therapy. Therefore, a clearly desirable combination would be that of a low-toxicity drug that modulates a resistance pathway in combination with hormonal therapy. Much attention has therefore been devoted to understanding how truly synergistic combinations can be identified and tested. Current preclinical models are not sufficiently robust to be very informative, and pilot clinical trials suffer from the fact that tumor heterogeneity might mask important benefits in difficult-to-identify, but biologically relevant, subsets. Therefore, new models of drug evaluation are sorely needed if combinatorial targeted therapeutic strategies are to accelerate improvements in cancer outcomes. These models must take into account the huge number of permutations that could potentially be tested and must address patient-specific tumor cellular circuitry. In the report by Baselga et al in this issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology, several contemporary tenets of pilot clinical and translation investigation were invoked. First, one of the more studied mechanisms of hormonal therapy, namely the activation of growth factor receptor–associated signaling, was used as the basis for the underlying hypothesis that modulation of signal transduction pathways might improve the efficacy of hormonal therapy. Second, a controlled (large, randomized, phase II) design was employed to generate a more valid comparator group as opposed to use of historical data. Third, a clinical model was chosen that allows real-time monitoring of the drug effect using validated clinical, imaging and tissue-based markers. Finally, exploratory biomarkers were incorporated into the trial, which include components of the targeted pathway that are known to be aberrant, to potentially yield patient selection strategies and to identify future targets. With these critical benchmarks met, do the results spell promise? This clinical trial serves as an excellent case study to examine the opportunities and pitfalls of this maturing model of translational research. First, one must examine the validity of the underlying hypothesis that supports mammalian targeted of rapamycin (mTOR) as a legitimate target to combine with hormonal therapy. Activation of growth factor receptor pathways mediated via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt axis can directly phosphorylate estrogen receptor and it coactivators, bypassing the antiproliferative effects of both tamoxifen and estrogen deprivation. Also, signaling via the ras-raf-MAP kinase arm can lead to epigenetic estrogen receptor gene silencing. Preclinical models have shown that growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors like gefitinib can reverse hormonal resistance, and a small randomized neoadjuvant trial comparing gefitinib with or without anastrozole showed that clinical response was not significantly different, but that change in Ki-67 proliferative index was greater with combination therapy. In a recently reported phase III trial comparing anastrozole alone or with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) dual kinase inhibitor lapatinib, patients with advanced breast cancer showed a clear improvement in time to progression with combination therapy in the HER-2–positive subset as well as the overall population. Interestingly, there was a suggestion of greater activity with the combination in patients who progressed on or soon after tamoxifen, consistent with the notion that signal transduction is activated in hormonal resistance and can be manipulated to restore sensitivity. Inhibition of signaling further downstream along the PI3K/Akt arm could lead to more pronounced effects and might not be susceptible to bypass pathways. mTOR is a branch point component of the signal transduction pathway that promotes cell survival, leads to cell cycle entry via activation of S6 kinase, and activates the hypoxia-inducible transcriptional factor alpha (HIF1). The mTOR inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus are effective in angiogenesis-driven renal cell carcinoma and are being increasingly explored in combinations with JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY E D I T O R I A L VOLUME 27 NUMBER 16 JUNE 1 2009


What is factor-based investing? Larry Swedroe and Andrew Berkin offer an incredibly comprehensive answer in their newest book, Your Complete Guide to Factor-Based Investing: The Way Smart Money Invests Today. In nine dense chapters complemented by 10 detailed appendices, Swedroe and Berkin provide a broad and deep overview of the most salient factor literature, replete with over 100 citations from the most respected academics and practitioners in the field.


We report here a new access to chiral pyrrolidine and piperidine β-enamino ketones by condensation of (S)-phenylglycinol with ω-oxo alkynones. As an illustration of the synthetic potential of the target compounds, the total enantioselective synthesis of alkaloid (-)-hygroline was achieved.


Abstract : Permanent laser-damage effects in silicon PIN photoelectric diodes and silicon avalanche photodiodes irradiated with a l.06 micrometer or an 0.53 micrometer laser are studied. The laser-damage thresholds of the detectors are experimentally measured. The mean reason for causing permanent damage includes latent heat scorching at the PN junction of the photoelectric diodes. The damage thresholds are dependent on wavelength, pulse duration, and photodiode structure.


Tracking trajectory of three-dimensional trees is a difficult problem in computer animation and virtual reality. It requires not only high sense of reality for the morphology of trees and tree moving, but also adequate real-time. In this paper, we present a simulation method based on video data driven. Firstly, split out the main branches and leaves of trees from video images by using hybrid method of edge detection and K-means clustering based on color. And then, construct wind-speed sequence of trees in the video by using feature matching algorithm through analyzing the model of trees trunks and set of cloud point of leaves. Finally, by classifying and tracking video sequences with statistical models, we can get trajectory of trees swaying. Experimental results show that only a small part of the motion tracking in the algorithm is calculated in real-time way, the rest are calculated in pretreatment. So this model greatly improves the real-time effect of computing the trajectory of trees moving while keep a good sense of reality at the same time.


Relieving urban traffic congestion has always been an urgent call in a dynamic traffic network. The objective of this research is to control the traffic flow within a traffic network consists of multiple signalized intersections with traffic ramp. The massive traffic network problem is dealt through Q-learning actuated traffic signalization (QLTS), where the traffic phases will be monitored as immediate actions can be taken during congestion to minimize the number of vehicles in queue. QLTS is tested under two cases and has better performance than common fixed-time traffic signalization (FTS). When dealing with the ramp flow, QLTS has flexibility to change the traffic signals according to the traffic conditions and necessity. Keywords-Disturbance, Multi-agent, Q-learning, Traffic Signalization, Traffic Flow Optimization. I.   INTRODUCTION Urban area is a large population coverage area with complex traffic network. The traffic network plays a major role in civilization development, as it serves as the communication or travel linkage between places. Relieving traffic predicament from the deteriorating congestion has always been an urgent call to the urban society. One of the major traffic network dynamicity comes from the progressive inflow from any possible branches, recognizable as a traffic flow disturbance which might hit the traffic bottleneck and cause exceeding road capacity. Failure in coping with the sudden vehicles increment usually ends up in traffic immobility. The congestion effect at a single traffic will be carried forward and affecting the nearby intersections. It is therefore important to look into the congestion in a network rather than a single intersection problem. Flexible traffic signals are required at multiple intersections to react upon the traffic needs when the congestion strikes [1]. The cost of traffic congestion is not limited to the time lost during the travelling, but the possible consequences and the chain effect caused by the congestions. The basic traffic modeling provides an insight for traffic estimation. On a contrary, precise and robust dynamic traffic modeling is costly and restricted to particular geographical areas and varying parameters. This work suggested agentbased traffic management to control the traffic signals at double intersections. Suiting the frequent changing traffic environment, the agent plays an important role in autonomous data collection and dynamics studies of traffic intersections for future self-judgment of green time duration. The situation whereby disturbance occurs at the intersection is included in this work to depict the network dynamicity and to test the robustness of the developed system towards the changing network conditions. The agent is able to change the traffic signals according to the traffic needs. II.   OVERVIEW OF TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS Under the condition of limited land and the difficulty to rebuild the road infrastructure, one of the best solutions to the current traffic scenario is to study and design a heuristic traffic flow controller to enhance traffic smoothness in the congested urban area. Several important parameters in the traffic flow control study are extracted based on the official reports and manuals from Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) [2], as well as Transportation Research Board's Highway Capacity Manual, as defined below [3]: •   Vehicles in queue: Total number of vehicles that line up in front of the intersection waiting to be given the permission for passing the intersection. •   Traffic phase: Group of traffic lanes given the same traffic signal to avoid conflicts with other traffic lanes. •   Cycle time: Time for the traffic light signals to be circulated once after all the phases have their turn of green signals. •   Lost time: Time lost between the interchange of the signals or the time lost due to the driver's behavior at the intersection, which may increase the number of interchanges between the signals. The most common traffic management system is the fixed-time traffic signalization (FTS) where duration of each traffic signal is fixed. Due to the increasing vehicles on road, the traffic signalization is improved with predetermined strategic management according to the collected traffic data [4]. The Webster's traffic model [4] has a large influence in the designs of traffic signalization system, as many researchers and department of transportation are still using the model of Webster as the basis of their practical design procedure. JKR published its guidelines in traffic signal designs using the implementation of Webster's study [2]. However, predetermined FTS does not have the ability to K T K TEO et al: AGENT-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTIPLE SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION DOI 10.5013/IJSSST.a.15.06.10 91 ISSN: 1473-804x online, 1473-8031 print react towards the dynamic environment such as unforeseen disturbances and delays in the traffic network. Therefore, heuristic control and adaptation to the dynamic changes of the traffic flow is important to help prevent congestion. Various artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been attempted in the traffic system due to limiting performance of the existing traffic controllers. In recent years, the common algorithms implemented include fuzzy logic (FL), genetic algorithm (GA) and reinforcement learning (RL). FL based traffic control and optimization had been researched to slow down the accumulation rate of waiting vehicles at the intersections [5-7]. Azimirad et al. (2010) worked out the queue length and the vehicles' waiting time at the intersection as the input parameters of traffic signal timing to optimize the traffic flow using FL embedded control system [5]. However, the simulation was performed at an isolated intersection. The effects of other intersections towards the simulated traffic intersection are not being considered. The FL based traffic management strategy requires precise definition of the membership functions for mapping the input and the output, which causes the shortcoming of not being able to act when the data input is not within the range. GA based traffic optimizer has been proposed specifically for the purpose of optimizing the oversaturated traffic conditions [8-10]. Sánchez et al. (2008) developed microscopic traffic model using cellular automata (CA) where it is optimized by a developed GA [8]. CA served as the fitness evaluation functions, with the chromosomes of GA as the input. GA can learn and evolve from the environment. However, its chromosome representation will become more complicated when the traffic problem is expanded. The number of chromosomes within GA is highly depending on the problem size. RL is introduced for its ability to learn from the traffic problem environment and build up memory for future decision and traffic optimization [11-13]. Arel et al. (2010) developed a RL based traffic optimization control, implemented as a multi-agent system in the traffic environment [11]. The traffic flow is the input and state of the Q-learning (QL) agent in every intersection. QL is one of the variance in RL. Liu and Ma (2007) suggested Dyna-Q algorithm but is not implemented in multi-agent system for the optimization purpose [12]. This work is interested in exploring the potential of QL in a traffic network of nonsingular intersections including the situations whereby traffic disturbance exists. The development of Q-learning actuated traffic signalization (QLTS) algorithm will be discussed in the next section. III.   Q-LEARNING ACTUATED TRAFFIC SIGNALIZATION Intelligent traffic management is able to extend the existing FTS to cope with the overwhelming dynamic traffic flows in the urban traffic network. QL values the effects of actions taken and the resulting state in a traffic environment, which is very much necessary for a learning agent to react appropriately in a fast changing traffic environment [14-15]. QL tends to seek for the best solutions through action that returns the highest reward. For the process of managing the traffic signal, QL has to be defined precisely, in order for the algorithm to be able to interact with the traffic environment and decide the best actions that can counteract the severe traffic congestions. The state-action pairs of the QL are the main part that determines the robustness of the algorithm. Besides the state-action pairs, the reward function is also a crucial function that will decide the policies of the algorithm in its learning process. In this study, the level of vehicles in queue at each intersection is chosen to be the state of the designed QL. The vehicles in queue are produced from the difference between the traffic inflow and the traffic outflow. Equation (1) is the calculation for the vehicles in queue i Q , where i is the current intersection and j is the source of the departure traffic. i j z , is the traffic flow rate from intersection j into i while i y is the average outflow at i . In (2), C is the cycle length in the developed model, ∑ z is the total of traffic flow rate into the intersection i , and lastly i g is the effective green signal duration. ) ( ) ( , i i i j i g y C z Q − = (1)


The most severe thermal loading on the first wall will occur when the plasma becomes unstable resulting in a hard plasma disruption or at the end of a discharge when the plasma is dumped on the wall in a very short period of time. Hard plasma disruptions are of particular concern in future fusion reactors where the thermal energy of the plasma may reach values on the order of 300 MJ. Sufficiently high heating rates can occur to melt the first wall surface, and the temperature can increase resulting in vaporization. Thermal models are reviewed which treat these problems.


In this paper, a toxin producing plankton-fish model with three-dimensional patch and time delay is proposed. We assume that a small part of phytoplankton gathers to form a patch to release toxins for self-defense and introduce a discrete-time delay in fish populations due to gestation. The sufficient conditions for the stability of the solution and the existence of Hopf bifurcation and transcritical bifurcation are obtained. Furthermore, the conditions of stability and direction of Hopf bifurcation in the time delay system are derived by using normal form theory and center manifold theorem. Finally, numerical simulation demonstrates the dynamical outcome such as periodic and chaotic solutions of the system, which validate our analytical findings.


Abstract : Recently, during a symposium with security studies faculty members from civilian institutions, the question arose as to how those of us who teach in the country's professional military institutions approach the study and use of policy analysis in our classrooms. There was a certain degree of incredulity that places such as the Naval War College (and its sister institutions) would encourage their students people bound by oath to faithfully execute the orders of the commander in chief to probe and analyze decisions taken by the current and past Presidents as part of their academic experience. Indeed, many question whether military officers need to engage in the dissection and discussion of national security decisionmaking since, echoing Alfred Tennyson's famous exhortation in his classic poem The Charge of the Light Brigade, Theirs not to reason why/Theirs but to do and die. Others take the view that, for military officers, ignorance may be bliss, following the advice popularly ascribed to the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck: The less the people know about how sausages and laws are made, the better they sleep in the night. Such a view helps to explain why, initially, the study of politics the behind-the-scenes and often messy process by which national security decisions are made was not deemed appropriate for officers.


Workplace stress-reduction interventions have produced mixed results due to engagement and adherence barriers. Leveraging technology to integrate such interventions into the workday may address these barriers and help mitigate the mental, physical, and monetary effects of workplace stress. To inform the design of a workplace stress-reduction intervention system, we conducted a four-week longitudinal study with 86 participants, examining the effects of intervention type and timing on usage, stress reduction impact, and user preferences. We compared three intervention types and two delivery timing conditions: Pre-scheduled (PS) by users and Just-in-time (JIT) prompted by the system-identified user stress-levels. We found JIT participants completed significantly more interventions than PS participants, but post-intervention and study-long stress reduction was not significantly different between conditions. Participants rated low-effort interventions highest, but high-effort interventions reduced the most stress. Participants felt JIT provided accountability but desired partial agency over timing. We present type and timing implications.


The objective of this study was to determine whether Arctic grasses from different sites along a snow deposition gradient respond similarly to grazing. The effects of laboratory simulated grazing (two levels of clipping frequency, clipping height, and nutrition) on accumulated biomass of different plant parts and number of tillers were measured in the reindeer forage grasses Poa arctica R. Br. from a dry ridge habitat, Festuca rubra L. from a moist lee-side habitat, and Deschampsia alpina L. from a wet snowbed habitat in Svalbard. Both P. arctica and F. rubra increased the proportion of biomass allocated belowground at the cost of the aboveground structures in response to high clipping frequency combined with high clipping height, leaving total accumulated biomass unchanged. In D. alpina, on the contrary, the percentage of aboveground biomass increased at the cost of belowground structures in response to high clipping frequency and low clipping height. This results in higher vulnerability to clipping and ...


Farm profitability and the measurement of such profitability are usually calculated by traditional profitability measures such as return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), net farm income (NFI) and the operating profit margin (OPM). The emergence of economic value added (EVA) during the 1990's has changed the field of performance measurement. The question arises whether the new value measurement can give a better answer about value creation than traditional measures in specific areas such as farm profitability. This study examines the applicability of EVA as a measurement tool to measure the profitability and value creation by a sample South African milk producers. Milk production is one of the most important agricultural products in the economy. Fresh milk is ranked ninth among the top 20 gross production value contributors in agriculture in South Africa. The study reviewed EVA and few traditional measures (ROA, ROE, NFI and OPM). The literature review formed the basis for the application. The main objective of this University of Pretoria etd – Mampane, K C (2005)


Speech characteristics of male and female characters in fictional television have received only scant attention in media content research. A content analysis of prime-time television revealed that male characters were more likely to initiate disruptive interruptions than female characters whereas female characters were more likely to use cooperative interruptions than male characters. Such differences, however, were moderated by status differential between interactants and topic of conversation. Significant gender differences persisted only when the interrupters were of higher status than the interrupted and when the topic of the conversation was about work. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.


For more than twenty years it has been known that the Rb-Sr and K-Ar systems give discordant "ages" for Cardenas Basalt and associated Proterozoic diabase sills and dikes of Grand Canyon. Thirteen new K-Ar analyses of Proterozoic mafic rocks of Grand Canyon are added to nine published K-Ar analyses. We report a new fourteen-point K-Ar isochron "age" of 516 ± 30 Ma which is strongly discordant with the published Rb-Sr isochron "age" of 1.07 ± 0.07 Ga for Cardenas Basalt. By more than doubling the K-Ar data set we can test explanations for why the discordance exists. Advocates of the Rb-Sr isochron, recognizing the strong geochemical similarity of rubidium and potassium, have not argued for significant potassium addition to these rocks. Addition of potassium during alteration of these rocks would explain the anomously young K-Ar age, but it would also add rubidium and invalidate the Rb-Sr isochron age. Instead, advocates of the Rb-Sr isochron have argued only for significant argon loss. Two argon loss models (episodic loss and continuous loss) are tested in an attempt to explain why these altered rocks have about half the 40 Ar required by the conventional Rb-Sr interpretation. Both argon loss models, although attempting to maintain the assumptions of conventional geochronology, fail to explain the data, especially the new data we offer. Three models are proposed as alternatives to argon loss models, but these invalidate using the K-Ar system as conventional geochronology would assume.


Abstract : Conclusions drawn from the theoretical optimization of inertial reaction devices. Three different optimization procedures yielded almost identical absorber designs providing confidence in the tuning process. The optimal passive components of the control actuator were found to be equal to those of the optimal absorber. This allows passive damping to be added without significant mass penalty. When using an inertial device to increase damping in several modes, it is desirable to tune the frequency of the device to the lowest mode and adjust the damping accordingly. Experimentally, an inertial reaction device was used effectively as both a passive vibration absorber and a control actuator, passively tuned as an absorber, verifying the results of the tuning analysis that stated that passive tuning compliments active control. This dual purpose device resulted in a mass savings, increased modal controllability, and reduced target mode disturbance transmission. Additional passive damping increases gain margin for feedback systems that are conditionally stable and allows a form of passive damping enhancement in the event of control system failure. These space realizable experiments were found to be important in determining performance limitations due to instrumentation instabilities, friction in relative motion actuators, and actuator saturation at low frequencies. Uniformity in the positive definite, dual feedback matrix allowed better performance before the onset of instrumentation/actuator instabilities because all actuators were able to exert maximum stable feedback.


A 2D model is established to simulate the fluid field in an injector using mixed multiphase flow model coupled with cavitation model.Based on this model,K factor is defined and the effects of different K factors on the distribution of the cavitation inside the nozzle are analyzed.The variation is summed up about the cavitation flow,the outlet mass flow and total gas volume of the nozzle hole under different K factors.The results indicate the cavitation becomes serious with the expansion coefficient increasing,but isn't produced in the contractive nozzle.


We give a very short self-contained combinatorial proof of the Babson-Kozlov conjecture, by presenting a cochain whose coboundary is the desired power of the characteristic class.


A radio-frequency-driven hydrogen-ion source of the diagnostic neutral beam has been developed for the Hanbit magnetic mirror device at the Korea Basic Science Institute [S. M. Hwang et al., Trans. Fusion Technol. 35, 99 (1999)]. The three-electrode system with 37 apertures extracts the hydrogen-ion beam with 29.8 keV beam energy and 1.2 A beam current at a 9.6 cm diam. The ion source has the capability of varying the beam pulse width from 10 to 100 ms and also is capable of beam modulation at 50 Hz with a 10 ms flattop pulse width. The beam power and the ratio of the mixed ion species were measured by infrared thermography and Doppler shift spectroscopy, respectively. Most recent experimental results will be presented in this article.


Abstract
The results of observations on students of class XI IPS 1 and XI IPS 2 at SMA NU Genteng Banyuwangi are still below the minimum completeness score of 75 as many as 35 students. researchers use leaflet teaching materials supplements to improve student learning outcomes. This research was conducted in January 2020 at SMA NU Genteng. The population and sample in this study were students of class XI IPS 1 and XI IPS 2 with the control class selected using cluster random sampling technique. The data used are quantitative to calculate the N-gain value from the difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The data were analyzed using t test and Mann Whitney-U. The increase in student learning outcomes is indicated by the difference in the average pretest score of 63.6 and posttest of 84.6. The average value is in accordance with the minimum completeness set by the school, which is 75. In addition, it is also supported by an N-Gain value of 83.2 which shows an increase in student learning outcomes before and after learning is carried out. The percentage of students who dare to express their opinions is 72.9%, students who are active in group work are 78.6%, who are actively asking questions are 76.4%, dare to present the results of discussions are 81.6% and exchange information are 75.7% . These indicators show the improvement experienced by students. Students who experienced an increase in aspects of knowledge (C1), aspects of understanding (C2) and aspects of analyzing had an average N-gain of 71.2.


The onset of lactation causes a rapid increase in energy, glucose, and amino acid requirements for dairy cattle. During the first few weeks of lactation, cows mobilize large quantities of fatty acids from adipose stores, resulting in increased circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). These circulating NEFA help supply the energy demands of peripheral tissues, and make a major contribution to synthesis of milk fat during early lactation. The liver, however, has an extraordinary capacity to take up NEFA even though its ability to utilize the NEFA is low, resulting in storage of NEFA as triglycerides and development of fatty liver of varying severity. These same circumstances predispose cows that are accumulating triglycerides in their liver to development of ketosis. In the liver, NEFA are utilized to supply energy through β-oxidation and entrance of the resulting acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle. The other route that removes NEFA from the liver is the packaging of triglycerides into very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The cow's ability to synthesize VLDL is very low in comparison to other species like the rat and the chicken (Pullen et al., 1990) but this pathway may have potential for nutritional modification.


Historically, there have been some problems that initially were philosophically posed, either in mystical or in metaphysical terms but that, latter on and step-by-step, were translated into scientific terms and through a process of successive clarifications allowing to arrive, finally, at a scientific theory in which its more essential treats are clearly defined and facilitates its measuring.


In this study, a special rice-energy willow/poplar agroforestry system was used to analyze the effects of reused water irrigation and mulching on soil salinity, earthworm biomass and abundance, soil organic matter (SOM) content and weed coverage in treerow-dependent habitats. After three-year-irrigation, we investigated the woody line (WL), the buffer zone (BZ) and the crop line habitats (CL). Between 2019 and 2021, we collected data on the distribution of soil-specific electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium-lactate soluble sodium (AL-Na) and exchangeable cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and soil NO2− + NO3−-N contents from CL habitats irrigated with effluent water from an intensive catfish farm. Based on our results, significantly greater earthworm abundance (274 pc m−2) and earthworm biomass (54.0 g m−2) values were measured in WL than in BZ or CL habitats. There was no significant difference in weed coverage between the CL (0.61%) and BZ (1.91%), but weeds were significantly denser on the WL (12.3%). In the third year, the EC, AL-Na and ESP values were lower, but the SOM was higher in mulched soil (183.1 mS cm−1, 253.1 mg kg−1, 4.4 ESP% and 4.597%, respectively) than in un-mulched soil.


This study tries to explore organizational commitment, knowledge sharing, and organizational citizenship behavior among employees in the Taiwan semiconductor industry. By literature review, this study proposes the research framework and some hypothesis. Empirically we collect the 428 effective subjects from upper, middle, lower teirs in Taiwan semiconductor industry. By structural equation modeling (SEM), this study finds that the knowledge sharing has a full mediation effect on relationship of employee's trust and organizational citizenship behavior. However, knowledge sharing is notable difference on Taiwan semiconductor industry.


improving the anti-money laundering regulatory Information management system of Chinese financial. Institutions would help improve the efficiency of anti-money laundering Regulation, fully utilize the limited resources, and ensure the successful implementation of the RMB internationalization strategy. [method/process] taking the international financial institutions " Anti-Money Laundering Regulatory Information Management system as the study objective, social network analysis as the main Comparative analysis of the Anti-Money Laundering Regulatory information Management system in three MA Jor international financial institutions from mainland, SAR, and the Kong United are States out. [result/conclusion] The findings in thisstudy can Help realize the potential value of financial institution ' customers, academic s, and effectively activate the intrinsic motivation in financial institutions for improved anti-money laundering RY Information Management.


A hole-based THz intersubband laser design is introduced in GaAs/AlGaAs superlattices. Theoretical investigation indicates peak gain of ~ 27 cm−1 for TE polarized field, which is forbidden by intersubband selection rule for electron-based designs.


Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) were characterized by means of heterochromatin staining techniques (C-, DAPI- and CMA3-bandings), and FISH of major ribosomal genes and telomeric pentameric repeat (TTAGG)n. Nucleolar organizer regions have been located on four chromosome pairs. GC-rich heterochromatin was mostly associated with NORs, and brightly fluorescent centromeric/pericentromeric AT-rich bands were present in most chromosomes. Telomeric pentameric repeats (TTAGG)n, occurred in all the P. clarkii telomeres and in the interstitial region of the largest chromosome pair, not co-located to ribosomal genes; as possible explanation of the origin of this chromosome, a fusion event was hypothesized.


Aimed at the question about free curved face of die in grinding process is difficult,put forward new technique according to the grinding requirements of curved faced of the die cavity,combine with electromagnetic field theory and use magnetic polishing material,accomplished polishing machining of free curved face of die by magnetic force working of magnetic field. Basis on machining character of magnetic grinding,analysis the main parameter of the polishing process,seek running trace of magnetic grinding,raise the method on obtaining homogeneous surface when magnetic grinding free curved face.


Devices to measure the pitching, yawing, and rolling motion of a projectile from on board and telemeter the measurements to ground receiving stations have been developed. Two of these devices, a solar aspect sensor and an accelerometer, are described in detail. The complete telemetry system with g-hardening to survive gunlaunch accelerations is described and techniques for high-g are discussed. The results of several recent flight tests of these yawsondes are presented and show the unique usefulness of the instruments for measuring dynamical behavior of projectiles over their entire flight paths. Hitherto such information has not been available to the shell designer or the aerodynamicist.


Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) arise from normal germinal center (GC) or post GC B cells. Negative selection of low-affinity or self-reactive normal GC B cells requires CD95 (FAS)-mediated apoptosis. Mutations of the FAS receptor that result in deletion of the cytoplastic death domain (DD) destabilize the trimeric structure and inhibit FAS-mediated apoptosis. This apoptotic pathway is also inhibited when the NFκB target, c-FLIP, interacts with the death-inducing signaling complex, assembled around the cytoplasmic FAS DD. We analyzed FAS receptor mutations and NFκB-mediated overexpression of c-FLIP as potential mechanisms for deregulating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in DLBCL subtypes defined by gene expression profiling (GEP) -- OxPhos, BCR/proliferation and Host Response (HR) tumors (Monti et al, Blood2005; 105:1851). Study specimens included 117 newly diagnosed DLBCLs that were previously characterized for BCL2 and BCL6 translocations and assigned to the recently described consensus clusters by transcriptional profiling (40 OxPhos, 55 BCR and 22 HR tumors). The FAS coding region from each tumor was amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced. Mutations resulting in deletions of the cytoplasmic DD occurred in 8 DLBCLs. In all tumors, the resulting frameshifts or amino acid substitutions created STOP codons upstream of or at the beginning of the FAS DD. There was a significantly increased incidence of FAS DD deletions in OxPhos tumors (6 tumors, p = .05); these OxPhos tumors also had more frequent t(14;18) (p = .05), indicating that structural abnormalities of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathway components were more common in this DLBCL subtype. We previously found that HR tumors were significantly less likely to have either BCL2 or BCL6 translocations (1/22 tumors with t(14;18), no tumors with t(3;V)); these DLBCLs also had no mutations of the FAS DD. Given the brisk host inflammatory/immune cell infiltrate in HR tumors, we performed additional mixing studies and confirmed that the PCR-based assay was sufficiently sensitive to detect FAS DD mutations in HR tumor cells. HR tumors have increased expression of a large series of NFκB target genes suggesting that these tumors may be dependent upon NFκB activation (Feuerhake et al, Blood2005; 106:1392). The NFκB target gene, c-FLIP long , inhibits FAS-induced apoptosis in normal GC B-cells and Hodgkin's lymphomas. For these reasons, we identified c-FLIP probe sets from the long-form specific C-terminal domain and assessed c-FLIP long transcript abundance in the DLBCL consensus clusters. The expression of c-FLIP long was highest in HR tumors and lowest in OxPhos DLBCLs (p long transcripts than normal GC B-cells ( P = .03, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Therefore, NFκB-mediated upregulation of c-FLIP long likely represents an alternative method of inhibiting FAS-mediated apoptosis in HR DLBCLs which lack structural abnormalities of the FAS receptor. These data further support the notion that GEP-defined subtypes of DLBCL differ with respect to underlying genetic lesions and suggest that these molecular signatures have therapeutic relevance.


Severe prothrombin (Factor II, FII) deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition with an estimated incidence of 1:2 million and an increased prevalence in populations where consanguineous partnerships are more common. International registry data indicate that patients with a FII of <10 iu/dl have a significant risk of severe spontaneous bleeding including haemarthrosis and intracerebral haemorrhage. To our knowledge there is only one published case report of the use of prophylactic FII infusions in an individual with severe prothrombin deficiency. We describe the case of a boy with severe prothrombin deficiency who was treated with on demand prothrombin complex concentrate up to the age of 6 years, but in response to an increasing number of spontaneous bleeding episodes and increased levels of exercise was started on regular prophylaxis. Our patient was born by an induced vaginal delivery at term to Caucasian parents at that time residing overseas. He was given intramuscular vitamin K at birth with no adverse effects. At 4 d of age, he bled significantly from the umbilical stump requiring two attempts at suturing to control bleeding. No coagulation screen or factor assays were performed at this time. At 1 month he was investigated for fresh rectal bleeding which required a blood transfusion. At 4 months he was diagnosed with severe prothrombin deficiency when his FII level was found to be between 1–3 iu/dl. His parents were found to have FII levels of 68 and 54 iu/dl and further enquiry revealed that his maternal grandmother and his paternal grandfather were first cousins. Baseline thromboelastometry measurements were insensitive to his prothrombin deficiency but thrombin generation assay of platelet poor plasma was reduced. His family predominantly lived overseas until he was 6 years old and throughout this time he required on-demand treatment with prothrombin complex concentrate (Prothrombinex, Defix and Octaplex) for trauma-induced bleeding episodes. These tended to be soft-tissue and muscle bleeds although there were at least two haemarthroses when he was 5 years old. The family settled back in the UK when he was 6 years old and about to attend school. At this point he was having a number of soft tissue bleeding episodes with no clear traumatic trigger, so for this reason, and in order that his activities at school need not be circumscribed, he was started on prophylactic prothrombin complex concentrate (Octaplex, Octapharma) 40 iu/kg by Factor IX (FIX) content, administered once a week. He was initially treated at home by one of our haemophilia Clinical Nurse Specialists who then taught his mother to treat him. Aside from occasional gum bleeding associated with erupting adult teeth, which is managed with tranexamic acid mouth wash, he had no spontaneous or trauma-related bleeding episodes for 18 months whilst on prophylaxis. Within the last few weeks he has had one severe spontaneous knee bleed 6 d after treatment and, given that his FII level was 8 iu/dl at 5 d, it is reasonable to conclude that a level below this will not prevent bleeding episodes. We plan to increase the frequency of his prophylaxis to every 5 d to prevent further breakthrough bleeds. He is involved in football, athletics, tennis, cricket and swimming at school. He is now 9 years old and is likely to be able to treat himself within the next 12 months. Table I and Fig 1 show his FII, FIX and Factor X levels and Thrombogram parameters pre-infusion, and 1 and 4 h post-infusion.


Aim To observe the effects of GCIP-27(G protein competitive inhibitory polypeptide-27) on the structure of left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Thirty SHR rats of 12 weeks old were randomly divided into five groups(n=6):blank control groups,GCIP-27(10,30,90 μg·kg-1,ip,bid)groups,and Losartan group(6 mg·kg-1),six Wistar-Kyotos(WKY) rats were as normal control.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured once per two weeks with tail-sleeve methods.At the end of the 8th week,left ventricle weight index(LVWI)were determined.Myocardium structure was observed by polaroscope and transmission electron microscope.The area and content of myocardial interstitial collagen were treated for semiquantitative analysis by image analyzer system.Results The SBP in GCIP-27(10,30,90 μg·kg-1)groups decreased significantly from the 2 nd to the 8th week by comparison with blank control group.GCIP-27(10,30,90 μg·kg-1) lowered heart mass index(HMI)and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)markedly compared with blank control group(P0.05).Collagen area(CA),integral optic density(IOD)and collagen volume fraction(CVF)of myocardial interstitial in the GCIP-27(10,30,90 μg·kg-1)groups were lowered compared with those in the control group(P0.01).GCIP-27 was more obvious in improving myocardial ultrastructure and pathology such as hypertrophy and degeneration.Conclusions GCIP-27 plays a preventive and protective role in the development of left ventricular remodeling of spontaneously hypertensive rats.It can improve the myocardial structure,attenuate the hyperplasia of collagen markedly,and reduce the blood pressure as well.


The current rapid industrial development causes both a heavy reliance on non-renewable energy and a dramatic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration, which in turn lead to severe energy and environmental crises.


Section I: Basic Principles and Procedures in Breast Surgery 1. Breast Biopsy 2. Breast Biopsy with Needle Localization 3. MRI-guided Needle Localization 4. Major Duct Excision Section II: Procedures for Treatment of Breast Cancer 5. Breast-conservation Therapy 6. Re-excision of Margins 7. Central Lumpectomy with Resection of the Nipple-areolar Complex 8. Quadrantectomy with Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy 9. Total Mastectomy 10. Skin-sparing Mastectomy with and without Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy 11. Nipple-sparing Mastectomy 12. Completion Mastectomy with Axillary Lymph Node Dissection 13. Modified Radical Mastectomy 14. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection 15. Internal Mammary Lymph Node Biopsy Section III: Procedures for Breast Reconstruction 16. Tissue Expander After Total Mastectomy 17. Exchange of Tissue Expander for Pemanent Implant 18. The TRAM Flap 19. Breast Reconstruction with the Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap 20. Nipple-areolar Reconstruction Section IV: Special Cases 21. Male Breast Cancer 22. Wide Local Excision with Intraoperative Radiation Therapy


OBJECTIVE
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are becoming promising biomarker candidates in various diseases as assessed via sequencing technologies. Sepsis is a life-threatening disease without ideal biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression profile of lncRNAs in the peripheral blood of sepsis patients and to find potential biomarkers of sepsis.

METHODS
A lncRNA expression profile was performed using peripheral blood from three sepsis patients and three healthy volunteers using microarray screening. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a further set of 22 sepsis patients and 22 healthy volunteers.

RESULTS
Among 1316 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 771 were downregulated and 545 were upregulated. Results of the qRT-PCR were consistent with the microarray data. lncRNA ENST00000452391.1, uc001vji.1, and uc021zxw.1 were significantly differentially expressed between sepsis patients and healthy volunteers. Moreover, lncRNA ENST00000504301.1 and ENST00000452391.1 were significantly differentially expressed between sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors.

CONCLUSION
The lncRNA expression profile in the peripheral blood of sepsis patients significantly differed from that of healthy volunteers. Circulating lncRNAs may be good candidates for sepsis biomarkers.


This paper reports an automated procedure for constructing a plant model for PLC simulation. Since PLC programs contain only the control logic without information on the plant model, it is necessary to build the corresponding plant model to perform the simulation. Conventionally, a plant model for PLC simulation has been constructed manually, which requires much effort and in-depth knowledge of the simulation. As a remedy for this problem, we propose an automated procedure for generating a plant model from the symbol table of a PLC program. To do so, we propose a naming rule for PLC symbols so that the symbol names include sufficient information on the plant model. By analysing such symbol names, we extract a plant model automatically. The proposed methodology has been implemented and test runs performed.


The principle of the Absorption Heat Transfer(AHT) is introduced and the four aspects of the AHT including the working pairs,the absorber,the surfactant and the inhibiter are also illuminated,some examples are set to illuminate the application of the AHT.This paper points out that,for the purpose of energy-saving,the AHT has wide application prospect in industry.


Bev Cox reviews the key evidence and recommendations on the prescribing of statins for the management of hyperlipidaemia in coronary heart disease


Whole Organ Mechanics: Medial-Olivocochlear-Efferent Effects on Basilar-Membrane and Auditory-Nerve Responses to Clicks: Evidence for a New Motion Within the Cochlea (J J Guinan Jr et al.) Atomic Force Microscopic Imaging of the Intracellular Membrane Surface of Prestin-Expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (H Wada et al.) Biomechanics of Dolphin Hearing: A Comparison of Middle and Inner Ear Stiffness with Other Mammalian Species (B S Miller et al.) Hair Cells: An Experimental Preparation of the Mammalian Cochlea That Displays Compressive Nonlinearity In Vitro (A J Hudspeth & D K Chan) "Area Change Paradox" in Outer Hair Cells Membrane Motor (K H Iwasa) Outer Hair Cell Mechanics are Altered by Developmental Changes in Lateral Wall Protein Content (H C Jensen-Smith & R Hallworth) Stereocilia: Signal Transformation by Mechanotransducer Channels of Mammalian Outer Hair Cells (R Fettiplace et al.) The Cochlear Amplifier: Is it Hair Bundle Motion of Outer Hair Cells? (S Jia et al.) Emissions: Comparative Mechanisms of Auditory Function: Ground Sound Detection by Golden Moles (P M Narins) The Biophysical Origin of Otoacoustic Emissions (J H Siegel) A Comparative Study of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Geckos and Humans (C Bergevin et al.) Cochlear Models: The Cochlea Box Model Once Again: Improvements and New Results (R Nobili & A Vete'nik) The Evolution of Multi-compartment Cochlear Models (A E Hubbard et al.) and other papers.


A new power supply concept is described. Using the main transformer to transfer the secorrdary regulation signal on a primary winding, a new developed IC controls the primary and secondary voltages to provide more protection in case of disturbance.


In this thesis,basic composition,classification,properties of friction materials used for clutch and braker in mechanical press methods are simply introduced.Shortcomings of traditional friction materials are analyzed.Current situation and advantages of friction materials contained nanometer powder are investigated.Mechanism improved friction properties is revealed.Kinds,Chemical component,preparation technics and equipment are expounded.operating principle,charge-discharge way are simply introduced.Size,proportion,properties improvement are analyzed.


Mao Zedong consolidating and rectification party thought is the important component of Mao Zedong party-building thought.Based on the history of the Chinese communist party growth.This article roughly divided the development process of Mao Zedong consolidating and rectification party thought into five stages which are germination,preliminary formation,development,Mature and twists,and explants the five stages in details.


The author looks at the key foreign policy trends and changes that became obvious after the parliamentary elections of October 2012. The article's first part describes Georgia's foreign policy under President Saakashvili when Georgia received its first conceptual documents-the National Security Concept and the Military Doctrine-both geared toward Europe and the closest possible cooperation with NATO, revised regional relations, and a new agenda. The second part deals with the changes in Georgia's foreign policy that took place after the presidential elections of 1 October, 2012, when the opposition Georgian Dream Coalition won the majority of seats in the Georgian parliament and the post of prime minister for its leader, Bidzina Ivanishvili. The newly emerging relations between Georgia and Russia and the efforts of the Georgian leaders to resume their dialog with Moscow are also analyzed. The concluding part offers an overview of Georgia's relations with the European structures, its progress toward an association with the European Union, the course of the talks, and the way this association will affect the main spheres of the country's life.


In this paper, we consider the Single Frequency Network (SFN) operation of broadcast/multicast services, and develop resource allocation schemes to minimize the amount of resource over-provisioning. Over-provisioning is required when SFN areas are overlapping because all the cells in the SFN area should use the same resource to transmit a given MBMS service. We first develop an optimal resource allocation scheme that minimizes the over-provisioning. Due to the computational complexity of this scheme, we develop sub-optimal schemes whose complexity is quadratic in the number of services. In addition, we develop an incremental resource allocation scheme for newly arriving services that does not alter the resources allocated to existing services. We present numerical results showing the benefits of our proposed schemes. Motivated by these numerical results, we design a hierarchically overlapping SFN areas scheme that strikes the right balance between complexity and resource over-provisioning.


The Russian land problem was getting more and more serious with capitalist development,which aroused wide concern of the government and society.The Social Revolutionary Party that had developed with studying peasant problem focused on the land problem.Through again and again exercising theoretically and practically,the Party completed land programme of socialization,stimulating the peasants' enthusiasm that had been extinguished,and developing the labor-peasant economy with average-labor tradition.The Party proposed a practical mixed economy theory of labor economics in the process from the land socialization programme to the land draft,and received heartfelt support from all peasants.


This dissertation describes complete machine simulation, a novel approach to understanding the behavior of modern computer systems. Complete machine simulation differs from existing simulation tools by modeling all of the hardware found in a typical computer system. As a result, it can help investigators better understand the behavior of machines running commercial operating systems as well as any applications designed for these operating systems. In contrast, most existing simulation tools model only limited portions of a computer's hardware and cannot support the accurate investigation of many workloads. In addition to extensive workload support, the complete machine simulation approach permits significant hardware modeling flexibility and provides detailed information regarding the behavior of this hardware. This combination of features has widespread applicability, providing benefits to such research domains as hardware design, operating system development, and application performance tuning.
Complete machine simulation extends the applicability of traditional machine simulation techniques by addressing two difficult challenges. The first challenge is to achieve the speed needed to investigate complex, long-running workloads. To address this challenge, complete machine simulation allows an investigator to dynamically adjust the characteristics of its hardware simulation. There is an inherent trade-off between the level of detail that a hardware simulator models and the speed at which it runs, and complete machine simulation provides users with explicit control over this trade-off. An investigator can select a high-speed, low-detail simulation setting to quickly pass through uninteresting portions of a workload's execution. Once the workload has reached a more interesting execution state, an investigator can switch to slower, more detailed simulation to obtain behavioral information. The second challenge is to efficiently organize low-level hardware simulation data into information that is more meaningful to an investigation. Complete machine simulation addresses this challenge by providing mechanisms that allow a user to easily incorporate higher-level workload knowledge into the data management process. These mechanisms are efficient and further improve simulation speed by customizing all data collection and reporting to the specific needs of an investigation.


This study uses data collected in the fall and spring of 1974 on a panel review of evaluation work plans and an Evaluation Procedure Survey (EPS) in order to determine the relationship between the two scores and the type and stage of development of the project, the size of the project, the type of decision required, and the cost of the evaluation. The population of interest of this study consists of 54 Emergency School Aid Act school districts and nonprofit organizations in the six New England states


Public housing places are often examined in academic literature through an entry point of social exclusion. The entry point of this paper is, in contrast, belonging. In public housing, belonging is not guaranteed by the provision of a dwelling. Belonging is an active process created by tenants through interactions within households, with neighbours, and with housing providers. Central to these interactions, and the primary focus of this paper, are interactions based on care. The paper draws on results from a survey of public housing tenants in inner Newcastle, Australia. It is argued that a range of forms of care were critical to developing belonging for public housing tenants. The entry point of belonging allows an appreciation of the active of role of tenants in creating their everyday lives and the caring possibilities of public housing tenancy. The care needs and bonds of public housing tenants are explored, as well as perceptions of care deficits that make the achievement of belonging more challenging.


A parallel multilevel fast multipole algorithm(MLFMA) based on OpenMP is proposed and implemented for shared memory parallel platform.According to requirements of efficient OpenMP parallelization and different numerical characteristics of different parts in MLFMA,the parallelization scheme is carefully designed for the establishment of near-field interaction matrix as well as the far-field interaction in matrix vector multiplication in MLFMA.Numerical experiments show that the parallel MLFMA is efficient and has a consistent accuracy with the sequential MLFMA.


A system comprising a vehicle (1) and an induction charging unit (3), wherein the induction charging unit comprises a primary coil (4) and the vehicle includes a secondary coil (2) and a charging process in a loading position electric power from the primary coil to the secondary coil is inductively transferable wherein in the loading position the secondary coil is located in a preferred spatial position region with respect to the primary coil, so that the system, determined at the loading position setting by an electromagnetic distance and angle measurement by triangulation a location position which the time-dependent spatial position secondary coil with respect to the primary coil describes, and the system determines at least a partial travel trajectory based on the spatial position and the charging position, along which the spatial position of the loading position is naherbar.


(R)-4-Phenylpent-1-yne, (R)-(1b), and (S)-5-phenylhex-1-yne, (S)-(1c), have been synthesised from the corresponding chiral alk-1-enes (2) by a stereospecific bromination–dehydrobromination procedure. On the other hand, (R)-3-phenylbut-1-yne, (R)-(1a), has been prepared in high enantiomeric purity by conversion of the racemic alkyne into (RS)-4-phenylpent-2-ynoic acid (7), followed by resolution and decarboxylation of the (+)-acid. A convenient synthetic route to the racemic alkyne (1a) is also described.


concerns " our own business and bosoms." It is, to speak concisely, in the union of philosophic habits of abstract thought with powers of acute observation, and in the possession of that strong practical common sense which carries principles most advantageously into practice, that Dr. Combe's forte peculiarly lay; and it is by these that all his productions have been characterized. We do not know that he ever developed an original idea; but he saw the connexions and relations of the ideas of others, and brought them to bear upon the daily life of mankind, in a manner that their


Acoustic measurements with nearfield arrays which simulate farfield conditions have been used in the past at frequencies less than 20 kHz primarily due to the difficulties of fabricating multielement transparent arrays at high frequencies. In this paper a solid lens operating as the acoustic equivalent of an optical collimator is used to produce planar waves. The acoustic collimator employs a single transducer element placed at the focal point of an acoustic lens. Amplitude shading which is required to control the diffraction rings at the edge of the field can be accomplished by proper selection of the attenuation coefficient of the lens material. Also, the directivity of the single transducer element can be designed to achieve appropriate shading of the lens aperture. This paper describes collimator lens design considerations and experimental results obtained with a 50‐cm‐diameter polystyrene lens used as a collimator in calibrating a 20‐cm2 hydrophone in the frequency range 200–600 kHz and a 10‐cm pisto...


The main function of cochlear filter is a set of bandpass filters, which are paralleled andoverlapping in frequency response. It is very difficult to design this filter set by means of normal method.In this paper, the author suggest a new way to implement it on DSP.


There is provided a vehicle device (2) comprising: a transceiver (18) which is adapted to communicate with a mobile device (4) and connect to the mobile device; and a control unit (20) which is adapted to generate a control signal for the mobile device, to prevent that the mobile device enters an inactive state. The transceiver is configured to send the control signal to the mobile device, wherein the control signal comprises instructions to modify settings of the mobile device to disable a mode of reduced functionality of the mobile device.


ENGLISH/ANGLAIS] Affiliations: Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B., Minna, NIGERIA * Email Address for Correspondence/ Adresse de courriel pour la correspondance: shiawoya2000@ya hoo.com Accepted/Accepté: August, 2011 Full Citation: Shiawoya EL, Tsado DN. Forage and Fodder Crop Production in Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. World Journal of Life Sciences and Medical Research 2011;1(4):88-93. About 97 percent of Nigeria's ruminant animals are dependent on forage and fodder crops for their productivity. Forage and fodder crops are, therefore, central to the development of Nigeria's livestock industry. This feed resource, which consists mainly of grasses, legumes, browses, and cereal crop residues vary widely and are spread across the major agroecological zones of the country. The role of these forage and fodder crops in Nigeria's farming systems is particularly reflected in their contribution to soil fertility and the sustenance of the livestock subsector of the nation's economy. About 32.42 million hectares of grazing lands and 39.41 million hectares of crop lands in Nigeria provide substantial amount of feed for the country's livestock, both domestic and wildlife. Unfortunately, extensive areas of the grazing lands are composed of indigenous species, which are of low yield and quality. Hence, there is need to develop or adopt strategies, or technologies that will assist species to cope with and even overcome most of the factors which militate against high productivity. Such technologies, which should take into consideration the various agro-ecological zones in which these forage and fodder crops grow, in order to obtain useful results for dissemination to livestock producers, are discussed.


PURPOSE: To obtain new 2,4- and 2,5-bistetrazolylpyridines that inhibit the enzymes purine hydroxylase and lysine hydroxylase, bring about a selective inhibition of collagen biosynthesis and are used as fibrosuppressants and immunosuppressants. CONSTITUTION: The bistetrazolylpyridines are compds. of formula I {where A is a group of formula II or III [where R is H, a 1-6 C alkyl, 2-6 C alkenyl, 2-6 C alkynyl, 6-10 C aryl (AV-2-6 C) alkyl in which ≥1 CH 2 groups may be substd. by N, O or S, cycloalkyl- or cycloalkenyl-(0-6 C)alkyl in which 1-3 CH 2 groups may be substd. by O, S, N or CO]} and their salts, e.g. 2,4-bis(5- tetrazolyl)pyridine. Each of the compds. is obtd. by allowing 2,5- or 2,4- dicyanopyridine of formula IV to react with NaN 3 and NH 4 Cl in a proper solvent such as DMF or acetone and introducing required substituents by substitution reaction if necessary. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Ceramides are one kind of functional and active elements,and are emerging as important second messengers.The structural characterization,methods of isolation and purification of ceramides are introduced in the paper.The application of ceramides in food,cosmetic and medical is also summarized.In connection with the limitations of ceramides by chemical processes,the prospects that extract ceramides from natural plant are analyosed.


Terpenoid-based (meth)acrylates are introduced in waterborne acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives via emulsion polymerization. These materials showed good tack, peel strength and shear resistance properties, comparable to a petroleum-based benchmark.


A fast and accurate code for calculation of eigenwaves in grating slow-wave structures (SWS) is developed. Such SWS are used in sheet-beam traveling wave tubes (TWTs) and backward-wave oscillators (BWOs) at sub-THz and THz frequencies. Results of numerical modeling of SWS for a G-band sheet-beam TWT are presented. Electron gun producing an intensive sheet electron beam s developed. Beam focusing and transportation is discussed.


ABSTRACT Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) composed of a VPGXG repeat un-dergo a reversible phase transition in aqueous solution. They are hydro-philic and soluble in aqueous solution below their transition temperature(T t ), but they become hydrophobic and aggregate when the temperature israised above their T t . In this study, we examine the quantitative uptake ofa fluorescence-labeled, thermally responsive ELP as a function of ELPconcentration between 5 and 15 M in solution in response to hyperther-mia by three cultured cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry of fluorescein-ELPconjugates showed that hyperthermia enhanced the cellular uptake of thethermally responsive ELP in human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV-3)and in HeLa cells at a concentration of 10 M or higher, but not at aconcentration of 5 M , as compared with the uptake of a thermallyinactive ELP control. In FaDu cells, hyperthermia stimulated uptake ofthe thermally responsive ELP at all solution concentrations of ELP be-tween 5 and 15


KnowPort is an action-oriented personal tool for knowledge tracing which assists professional individuals in the task of explicitely self-managing their personal knowledge resources (knowledge portfolio) with the aim of supporting them as individuals in meeting the challenge of working with a collective (team, organisation) knowledge management infrastructure for sharing knowledge. The KnowPort kernel implements a new method for obtaining a knowledge survey based on a radical constructivist view of knowledge. Its goal is to support the knowledge worker in producing different traces of knowledge relevant events in her work and thus focusing on her process of knowledge construction.


Tan spot of wheat caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) is a major leaf spot disease. No single control measure is likely to be successful in controlling tan spot and a fully integrated system of disease management is more likely to achieve a long-term solution. Research to improve control efficacy has focused on fungicide improvement, resistant cultivars, the use of biological control agents (BCAs) mixtures and combinatorial approaches involving BCAs and plant resistance stimulants with complementary modes of action. Various biotic and abiotic agents can stimulate wheat defence mechanisms and so benefit resistance to Ptr infection. Among them, Trichoderma spp. have been widely used as antagonistic fungal agents against several pathogens as well as plant growth enhancers. Also, the synthetic agents acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and thiamethoxam (TM) have provided broad-spectrum disease and pest control as well as enhanced plant vigour against several fungal diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of two Trichoderma harzianum strains and two substances of synthetic origin (ASM and TM) on the suppression of tan spot and plant growth promotion of wheat plants. When BCAs, ASM and TM were applied to field plots on wheat cultivar Klein Escorpion, the severity of tan spot reduced and plant height, fresh weight, dry weight of shoots and dry weight of roots increased in comparison with the control. When applied prior to Ptr inoculation, ASM, TM and the strain Th1 of T. harzianum caused a reduction in necrotic lesions >50% compared to the control treatment. Seed treatment with TM resulted in a significant enhancement of plant height. Application of ASM significantly increased foliar fresh weight by 45% as compared to the control treatment, whereas foliar fresh weight increased 29% and 50% when TM and T. harzianum strain Th1 were applied as seed coating. Acibenzolar-S-methyl alone or combined with Th1 increased dry weight to >60%, whereas the effects of TM and Th1 on dry mass showed an increase that ranged from 57% to 25%. Plants treated with Th1 and both synthetic compounds achieved up to sixfold increment in root dry weight over the control.


Automation world is living a change of design methodologies. Old topdown approaches are being replaced by component based design allowing design, realization and exploitation cost gains. Automation training in universities also evolves in order to train future automation industrialists up to date on new design paradigms and technologies. This paper presents three projects illustrating this evolution, based on training component based design applied to simulation of operative and control parts use.


The rapid growth in the electronic commerce over the Internet has fuelled predictions and speculations about what makes an e-commerce web site effective. Technology, being the backbone of web based online shopping application, has a potential to play a major role in overcoming the issues users face while purchasing online which dissuades them from making successful transactions. The growth of online shopping is dependent on the spread and growth of internet usage and improvement in hardware and software technologies where more and more content can be delivered to the users at a much faster pace than before. Specifically, the present study examined the relative importance of technical, trusting, and facilitating environment in influencing consumer intention to purchase online. For this, a convenience sampling has been collected empirically using survey questionnaires method from various part of India in early 2014. The findings revealed that sites embedded with advanced technical environment and having trusting and facilitating environment help enhancing customers' buying intention. The results of the study will be useful to e-retailers and e-marketers to enhance their site preference and their customer base.


liquid state methods such as squeeze casting is usually impaired by the poor wettability of C substrates by liquid Mg. As a consequence, solid state processes such as Friction Stir Processing (FSP) appear as very promising alternative C fabric stacked between two sheets of either the ductile Mg alloy AZ31B, or of the less ductile which is on the other hand capable of precipitation hardening thus allowing for an improvement of the mechanical behaviour after processing. Introduction competitors [1-3]. However, their processing by liquid state methods such as squeeze casting is usually impaired by the poor wettability of C substrates by liquid Mg [4-6]. As a consequence, solid state processing routes for the production of C-Mg composites. parameter, more particularly in view of the large-scale applicability of the process. A number of different procedures have already been described in the literature in that respect. Unfortunately, the processing of bulk composites, quite labour intensive. Indeed, the reinforcement in the form FSP of a C fabric between two sheets of Mg alloy AZ31B leads both to the fragmentation of the recently shown to be a simple and innovative process, well adapted for a large-scale production of In the present work, FSP of a C fabric between two metal sheets or thin plates has been performed Mg2012: 9th International Conference on Magnesium Alloys and their Applications W.J. Poole and K.U. Kainer


This study investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flow in Nigeria. Applying the AR(2)-EGARCH(1, 1) and LA-VAR(3) models on quarterly data for the period of 1986 – 2012, the study revealed that there is no instantaneous relationship between trade flows and exchange rate volatility in Nigeria but that exchange rate volatility explained more of the variability in trade flow and vise versa. Therefore it was recommended that policy measures be put in place to ensure exchange rate stability in Nigeria. Output expansion and export promotion should be given their pride of place.


We tested the veracity of existing stereotypes about anime fans. Self-identified anime fans, both convention-going and online, completed a survey which assessed demographic variables and measures of stereotype-consistent behaviors, attitudes, and physical appearance. Furry fans, fantasy sport fans, and a sample of undergraduate college students served as comparison groups. Of the 24 stereotypes tested in the present study, only nine showed evidence of being consistent with anime fans' self-descriptions. These results reveal a significant discrepancy between non-fan perceptions of anime fans and the actual beliefs and behaviors of anime fans.


"Many people, including many practicing urologists, are unaware that over the course of the past 40 years, the Urology Care Foundation has supported more than 750 young scientists... with nearly $30 million in funding," writes Brian R. Stork, MD.


Zinc selenide is a model system for II-VI compound semiconductors. The geometric structure of the clean (001)-c(2×2) surface has recently been the subject of intense debate. We report here a surface x-ray-diffraction study on the Ziise(001)-c(2×2) surface performed under ultrahigh vacuum using synchrotron radiation which reveals the precise atomic geometry. The results are in excellent agreement with the Zn-vacancy model proposed earlier on the basis of density-functional theory calculations and unequivocally establish the correct equilibrium surface structure.


It has been thirty years since the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia, when Croatia gained its independence. This political event did not simply create new state entities; it also dismantled an era in which the religious and spiritual side of life was hidden and banned in public. For decades, religious life was suppressed in Croatia. It would not be an overstatement to say that, before 1990, there were two Europe: one in which religion could be practiced freely and another in which religion was suppressed and even banned from public life. Paradoxically, these two Europe still live two separate lives. In the former communist-bloc countries, hard times and the experience of living in the catacombs created a steady, tough, and sinewy religiosity, which was perceived, not just as a form of spiritual life and belief, but also as a way to resist the communist regime, which persecuted religion by every means possible. Religion became a symbol of the struggle and a way to retain freedom. The paradox is that areas where religious life flourished (e.g. Western Europe) experienced a serious decline in church attendance. Especially in the Protestant world, churches became more like museums than places of worship. During the past 50–70 years, two new Europe have emerged: one that has religious freedom but no active religious life and another in which the suppression of religion has had the opposite effect: religion is flourishing, at least in comparison to Western European countries.


This paper elaborates the structure of electronic commerce; it designs the function module and database of electronic, as well as the electronic commerce website of FEIYA science and technology book store gets a further development. Its main technology is developing the database application based on website. It adopts the C++ builder of Borland Company, while the method of website development — ISAPI is used frequently. We simulate books trade which is popular at present on network, membership registration, query online together with shopping online and so on functions can be realized.


Bots are used to support different software development activities, from automating repetitive tasks to bridging knowledge and communication gaps in software teams. We anticipate the use of Bots will increase and lead to improvements in software quality and developer and team productivity, but what if the disruptive effect is not what we expect? Our goal in this paper is to provoke and inspire researchers to study the impact (positive and negative) of Bots on software development. We outline the modern Bot landscape and use examples to describe the common roles Bots occupy in software teams. We propose a preliminary cognitive support framework that can be used to understand these roles and to reflect on the impact of Bots in software development on productivity. Finally, we consider challenges that Bots may bring and propose some directions for future research.


LEO-II, a resolution based theorem prover for classical higher-order logic, is currently being developed in a one year research project at the University of Cambridge, UK, with support from Saarland University, Germany. We briefly discuss the main objectives of the project. The LEO-II project is funded by EPSRC under grant EP/D070511/1.


With analyzing the availability of fractal image coding and the characters of affine transform in wavelet domain, a fractal image coding approach based on classifications is presented in this paper. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can simplify the encoding parameters, raise the compression rate while maintaining good image quality. In the meantime, it can speed up the encoding time by combining the characters of automatic classifications in wavelet domain.


Cascaded Digital Predistortion (DPD) is an efficient method to compensate for the nonlinearities and memory effects of Power Amplifiers (PA). However the choice of the models to be cascaded can be very complicated. An algorithm and a criterion are proposed in this paper to determine the structure of cascaded model which provides a trade-off between modeling accuracy and the complexity of models identification. The results are evaluated on a three-way Doherty Power Amplifier (PA) with a Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE) signal.


Traditional industrial production is dominated by labor force, and the quality inspection personnel in production line have a large workload and long working time, which is easy to reduce the detection efficiency and increase the error rate due to visual fatigue. Therefore, it is urgent to use machine vision technology to identify characters instead of manual. However, when the image is obtained from the camera, the character may be inverted, which will lead to the phenomenon that "W" is recognized as "m" in the process of character recognition, which seriously affects the recognition accuracy. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a character correction method based on deep learning. Firstly, Otsu method and global threshold algorithm are used to segment the image. Then, the method of introducing directional gradient histogram (HOG) and support vector machine (SVM) is proposed to classify and correct the character images extracted before. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has sufficient practicability and robustness, realizes the automatic correction of inverted characters, and can effectively improve the accuracy of character recognition.


This paper proposes a multi-objective optimal planning model of access location and access capacity for large-scale integrated wind power generation considering the mutual restriction between the planning of large-scale wind power plants and the planning of power system network. In this model, the power flow equilibrium degree, investment costs and active network loss are taken as the optimization goals. The improved differential evolution (IDE) algorithm is applied to calculate the Pareto optimal solution set of wind power's access planning. With the solution results described by the Pareto pattern, all the alternative solutions are then ranked based on the entropy weight method and the final compromised solution is selected by the method of technique for order preference by similarity to ideal (TOPSIS). And the proposed optimal planning model is tested based on a practical planning need of large-scale integrated wind power generation in an actual power grid of China in 2020. The simulation results show that applied with the proposed optimization model and matching algorithm, the planning scheme of large-scale wind power's access location and access capacity under complex and practical power system circumstances has been successfully optimized.


The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine extracts and traditional Chinese medicine quality control, in particular to a honeysuckle contrasting extract. The honeysuckle contrasting extract is prepared from the following components of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenin acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B and isochlorogenic acid C at the mass ratio: (0.20-0.40) : 1.00 : (0.30-0.50) : (0.15-0.45) : (0.10-0.40) : (0.15-0.45), and the total mass fraction exceeds 70%. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing water extracting and alcohol precipitating to obtain crude extracts; dissolving the crude extracts, regulating pH to be acidic, and centrifuging; separating the supernatant by macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel column and gel column to reach the target content. The honeysuckle contrasting extract has high content of target components, can be applied as a mixed reference substance, is used for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine that contains honeysuckle in the prescription and for accurately qualitative and quantitative measurement, and is efficient in detection, low in cost, accurate in results and lower in preparation cost.


Farmers' awareness of legality is reflected in Farmers' psychology and actions in studying, understanding, mastering and observing legality. Farmers' lack of law awareness restrains legal system construction of the rural areas. An investigation on the awareness of legality of farmers in the Eastern Shaanxi Province indicates the necessity of improving average farmers' educational level, helping farmers master legality from various channels and strengthening legal system construction of rural areas.


Rats received dietary supplement of milk whey concentrate (KSP) being manufactured from skimmed milk by addition of apple pectin (Pec), KSP ultrafiltrated fractions and pure Pec during 21 day. A part of animals were sensitized i/p with chicken ovalbumin and finally subjected to systemic anaphylaxis (SA) by i/v antigen challenge. Gastrointestinal barrier macromolecular permeability (MP) for polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG-4000) was measured by its urinary excretion after an intragastric load. MP increased significantly in nonsensitized rats after feeding with KSP and its high molecular (HM) fraction but not after feeding with low molecular (LM) KSP fraction compared to NaCl fed group. Feeding with Pec dramatically (5-fold) increased permeability. On the contrary the permeability decreased in sensitized rats subjected to SA when fed with KSP, its LM and particularly HM fraction the later group permeability being normalized down to normal value found in nonsensitized animals. It's concluded that KSP whey protein may be recommended for incorporation into specialized foods for patients with impaired gastrointestinal function.


Automatically identifying semantic relationships from text plays an important role in knowledge discovery, for example to connect a researcher in one discipline to related research questions in a second discipline in which the researcher is not formally trained. This poster describes preliminary experiments in ongoing research project that explores the utility of semantics and syntax to identify relations from text automatically. We focus exclusively on the location relation, such as organization-location and gene-location. Location is an interesting case because it occurs in multiple text genres including news articles and scientific literature.


In this special collection of Discover Society on Big Data, the article reflects on some of the findings of an ESRC funded project lead by Evelyn Ruppert, Socialising Big Data.


Rapid population growth rate in the study area results to an increasing demand of water for various uses. It necessitated the geoscientists to evaluate the water quality of the area for potability. Twenty (20) water samples were collected using plastic bottles and properly labelled. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to analyse the water quality. The in-situ measured parameters of water are mostly within limit of NIS, 2007 and WHO, 2011. Cations and anions analyses revealed, they were within the range of acceptable standard, except higher concentration of Fe2+, Pb2+and Mn2+which might have resulted from acidic water of the area and weathering of silicate minerals. The cations preponderance is of the order Na+> K+ ˃Mg2+> Ca2+> while for the anions dominance are HCO3− > Cl- > SO42-. The dominant water facies are Na+-HCO3−. These facies might have sources from rock-water interaction of silicate minerals. Wilcox plot of salinity hazard of the water samples indicated that, the water of the area is good for irrigation. It can be classified, the value of electrical conductivity of 0 – 250 excellent, 250 – 750 good, 750 – 2250 doubtful and ˃ 2250 μS/cm unsuitable. Field study and petrographic analysis revealed that, the area is underlain by three (3) major rocks units which are muscovite schist, porphyritic granite, sandstone (Chad Formation) with quartzite occurring as the minor lithology.
Keywords: Hydrochemical characteristics, ground water, water quality, concentration, electrical conductivity


An option for residents and fellows who moonlight and want to defer some of their earnings into tax-advantaged plans is to open a Simplified Employee Pension plan.


This article describes the #125M project for the widening of the M2 motorway and A2 trunk road in Kent. The Highways Agency (HA) sees this project as good publicity for partnering, and every effort is being made to ensure its success. The four partners of the M2 Alliance are the HA, Maunsell, WS Atkins, and the contractor CSM (a Costain/Skanska/Mowlem joint venture). Eleven years were spent in preliminary planning while the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL) Bill, which incorporated the A2/M2 widening, was debated and then passed by the UK Parliament. The pace of planning then rose dramatically, to ensure that the road scheme could be built at the same time as the CTRL, which is in the same transport corridor. The biggest problem was recruiting a large enough design team, and the M2 Alliance saw partnering as the only way of doing this. The job is a complex parallel widening of 17km lengths of the A2 and M2 between Cobham Junction and Gillingham. It requires the complete reconstruction of two motorway junctions and eleven overbridges and the construction of a new bridge over the River Medway and strengthening of the existing bridge. A new four-lane London-bound carriageway will be built first; then traffic will be diverted onto it to allow reconstruction of the existing dual carriageway.


ESR Spectra of γ-irradiated KDP and DKDP were measured. From the temperature dependence of the ESR spectra, it was found that the spectra of γ-irradiated DKDP consisted of three types of spectra and these corresponded to three species of radicals. One of the spectra in γ-irradiated KDP showed anomalous temperature dependence of the line width near the Curie temperature. The anomaly of the line width was explained qualitatively by assuming the presence of the fluctuational motion which critically slowed down near the Curie temperature.


Generalized additive models (GAMs) are used to model the spatiotemporal distribution of egg density as a function of locational and environmental variables. The main aim of using GAMs is to improve precision of egg abundance estimates needed for the annual egg production method. The application of GAMs requires a survey design with good coverage in space and time. If the only results available are from less optimal survey designs, they can be improved by using historical data for spawning boundaries. The method is applied to plankton egg survey data of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in 1995. The GAM-based method improves the precision of estimates substantially and is also useful in explaining complex space-time trends using environmental variables.


This study examines the design of acoustic arrays using moving ship tomography (MST) applied to the horizontal mapping of the Kuroshio-induced current wakes in the lee of Green Island southeast of Taiwan. The acoustic tomographic array consists of six transceivers; each transceiver can be either fixed at one position or towed by a ship. Numerical tomographic experiments using the synthetic ocean currents from the 8 km X 8 km study area are conducted for two configurations: five moored transceivers and one shipboard transceiver or four moored transceivers and two shipboard transceivers. Different spatial configurations of moored and shipboard transceivers are considered. For all configurations the ship moved around the periphery of the study area. Compared with the traditional tomographic arrays with only moored transceivers, the current reconstructions using MST show the reduction in residual error from 21% to 16%. Among all the MST arrays, the smallest residual error variance is obtained for the configur...


People tend to unconsciously attribute personality traits to all kinds of technology including robots. But what personality do they want robots to have? Previous research has found support for two contradicting theories: similarity attraction and complementary attraction. The similarity attraction theory implies that people prefer a robot with a similar personality to their own (e.g., an extroverted person prefers an extroverted robot). According to the complementary attraction theory, people prefer a robot's personality opposite to their own (e.g., extroverted people prefer an introverted robot). In contrast to both theories, we argue that what is considered an appropriate personality for a robot depends on the task context. In a 2×2 between-groups experiment (N=45), we found trends that indicated similarity attraction for extrovert participants when the robot was a tour guide and complementary attraction for introverted participants when the robot was a cleaner. These trends show that preferences for robot personalities may indeed depend on the context of the robot's role and the stereotype perceptions people hold for certain jobs. Robot behaviors likely need to be adapted not in complimentary or similarity to the users' personality but to the users' expectations about what kind of personality and behaviors are consistent with such a task or role.


Image acquisition is the elementary step on the way to a performing vision-based Driver Assistance System (DAS). Any visual information lost in the capturing process is irretrievably gone. Many application approaches do not consider any influence on the camera, but take the image data as is from the capturing device. This paper starts with an overview of the most relevant solutions of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging and introduces a novel and real-time capable approach of using multiple low dynamic range (LDR) images from an automotive camera. Especially the automatic exposure and gain control for the different exposed images is in the focus. In the next step the HDR histogram linearization and image fusion to a final 8-bit HDR-image is shown. The exposure control algorithm is proven to be fast and stable. The resulting image shows both dark and bright details accurately.


The sheer novelty of the internet continues to colour discussions of it. Attention paid to online health information invariably focuses on how it differs from what has gone before rather than how it has remained the same. Certainly, the internet provides swift access to large amounts of information that previously required determined tracking. Users can communicate rapidly through email, chat rooms, and other internet forums. And it is remarkably easy to publish and disseminate information, with little accountability.1 But are these enough to justify the belief that information retrieved via the internet differs radically from what has gone before, requiring an exceptional response?

The combination of rapid access and wide dissemination makes it easy to understand the appeal of initiatives aimed at limiting access to misleading or inaccurate information on health. Allowing users to judge at a glance the quality of such information by the use of labels has been widely …


The Global Challenge of Colistin Resistance – Recent Evidence from Romania and Elsewhere. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res The increasing resistance of Gram-negative bacilli to a wide range of antibiotics has driven a return to colistin as the last resort in the treatment of severe infections. Given the stakes of colistin efficiency at both the individual level and generally, the manifestation and mechanisms of resistance to polymyxin E (also known as colistin) are now subject to careful monitoring and research. Recent findings from different parts of the world including Romania are reviewed and discussed in the light of ensuing challenges.


The results from the development of a novel coupling agent technology are described. The work was particularly focussed on ATH filled EVA systems for wire and cabling applications. After an initial screening of 35 potential coupling agents, 2 were selected for further evaluation on the basis of their ability to increase tensile strength and elongation to break, and to reduce torque during compounding in a Brabender Plasticorder. Low cost, low volatility and low toxicity were also important selection criteria. Brabender Plasticorder results were backed up by twin screw compounding and extrusion studies, leading to the selection of the final candidate, which will be launched commercially. The influences of added peroxide and antioxidant have also been investigated. Finally, a short evaluation has been made of the performance of the candidate coupling agent in calcium carbonate filled EVA and calcium carbonate filled PP homopolymer.


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With the development of reforms in electricity industry,China has realized the separation of grid and power. We have introduced the competition in the power markets,but the transmission market is still monopolized because of its natural monopolistic characteristic. But this doesnt mean that it do need government regulation. This paper compares the incentive regulation with market methods in the grid expansion and proves that the market methods is more efficient than the incentive regulation in the grid expansion.