The main focus of this my research work is the analysis of major vital statistics i.e.  'Live Births', 'Deaths' and 'Infant Deaths' of Delhi on the basis of secondary data collected from website of Delhi Govt by Civil Registration of Births and Deaths during the years 2003-2012 and forecasted for the next three years with usual validation . The work has tried to analyse and evaluate the trend of live births, total deaths and infant deaths. The high number of infant deaths is a major cause of concern and so is the high ratio of total deaths to infant deaths. Also, Birth order statistics are important for measuring the progress and effectiveness of family welfare activities. Data was studied on the basis of gender to analyse the figures of live births and infant deaths in greater detail. The attempted had made to derive a trend and estimate the future figures of live births, total deaths as well as infant deaths that help in the better plan and policy formation in the above mentioned fields with usual interpretations. The method of Regression analysis was the best fit forecast the data however the time series data doesn't follow any particular trend and irregular fluctuations has been observed in demographic of Delhi as recorded (CRS) key vital indicators.


Direct current stimulation (DCS) polarity specifically modulates synaptic efficacy during a continuous train of presynaptic inputs, despite synaptic depression. DCS polarizes afferent axons and postsynaptic neurons, boosting cooperativity between synaptic inputs. Polarization of afferent neurons in upstream brain regions may modulate activity in the target brain region during transcranial DCS (tDCS). A statistical theory of coincident activity predicts that the diffuse and weak profile of current flow can be advantageous in enhancing connectivity between co‐active brain regions.


This article reflects the theoretical justification and empirical study of the emotional response of future doctors in the process of studying at a medical university in quasi-professional activity using the example of 1st- and 6th-year students.


Do games need people? If so, what is it that makes people important to games? It can seem self-evident that games are artifacts designed to be used by players, but in this paper we will discuss the paradoxical idea of zero-player games. We do not wish to argue against the study of players, but we believe that many common conceptions of players are too vague to be useful. Based on the examination of zero-player games, we provide five subcomponents to help in the understanding of the player concept. Expressed as questions, these are: Is this a human player? Does the player have agency? Does the player play over time? Does the player appear to have intentionality? Does the player exhibit aesthetic preferences?


Innovative work behaviour plays a central role in the long-term survival of knowledge intensive business services such as research oriented private universities in Vietnam. Even though innovation and creativity and their influences on the Vietnamese economy and its future growth are important, research on this area is still inadequate notably in the context of private Universities in Vietnam. Underpinned by the Social Exchange Theory, this empirical study attempts to determine the relationship that may exist between pro-innovation climate, leader-member exchange (LMX), and social capital with the innovative work behaviour (IWB) among knowledge workers in research oriented private Universities in Vietnam. A quantitative, descriptive research methodology was chosen, and the survey data was collected using a systematic sampling method. Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was adopted in the data analysis that involved 147 samples from 380 questionnaires distributed. The results reveal that there were significant relationships between pro-innovation climate and social capital through the innovative work behaviour of knowledge workers in research oriented private universities in Vietnam. However, leader-member exchange is not supported. In addition, among three independent variables, proinnovation climate has been found to be the most significant predictor of innovative work behaviour.


Phosphates as important biomolecular building blocks are studied by 2D-IR spectroscopy. Excitation with spectrally broad pulses generates a coherent superposition of phosphate stretching modes resulting in the observation of quantum beats in aqueous solution.


We report results establishing that detection of the liquid-liquid interface is possible through femtosecond pumpprobe spectroscopy. In particular, we use femtosecond laser pulses to pump and probe the dynamics of infra-red dye molecules in a liquid pair that can form an interface. We demonstrate that an interface formation can be detected from such femtosecond dynamical study of the dye molecule. The importance of obtaining the molecular description on the relation between the dynamics of solute molecules and solute-solvent interactions arises from the fact that the dynamic and static properties of dye molecules are strongly affected by the surrounding solvent molecules. © Anita Publications. All rights reserved.


Background/Objective: This study is aimed at determining if bowel enema further reduces complication rate in Nigerian men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. Methods and Materials: A prospective case controlled study conducted in a hospital setting involving patients who met indications for prostate biopsy. Forty patients were equally assigned into two groups of bowel enema and no bowel enema for transrectal prostate biopsy and were discharged home on antibiotics after the procedure. The patients visited the clinic on the 2nd, 7th and 30th day after the procedure where a purpose designed questionaire was administered to measure the complication rate of fever, haemospermia, rectal bleeding, urethral bleeding,acute urinary retention associated with the procedure. Results: There appeared to be no statistically significant difference between bowel enema and no bowel enema in the development of fever (p=0.22), haemospermia (p=1.0), rectal bleeding (p=0.22), prostatic abscess (p=1.0), urethral bleeding (p=0.22), blood transfusion (p=1.0) and acute urinary retention (p=1.0). Conclusion: An overnight fast with antibiotic prophylaxis remains a relatively safe procedure and gives similar outcome as a combination of bowel enema, rectal washout and antibiotic prophylaxis before biopsy. As such, bowel enema and rectal washout before biopsy provides no clinicallysignificant outcome advantage, and potentially increases patient cost and discomfort.


Gravitational field equations and equations of motion for charged particles are obtained by an iterative method, starting from a Lagrangian density in the ''unrenormalized'' flat space-time. Assuming (a) that the proper masses and charges of the particles are constant and (b) that the gravitational potential is a tensor (no scalar component) in the linearized version (first order in the coupling constant f) we obtain, by imposing consistency to all orders in f, Einstein's theory which is therefore sounder in the field-theoretic approach than in the usual Riemannian one where there is some arbitrariness (cosmological term, etc.). The convergence of our procedure is based on Deser's method but also includes the presence of electromagnetic fields and considers in addition to the energy-momentum tensor T/sub alpha//sub beta/, the most general divergenceless tensor t/sub alpha//sub beta/ depending on four arbitrary parameters which prove to be no longer observable in the ''renormalized'' space. (AIP)


SYNOPSISResults are presented of experimental observations made during investigation of the basic causes of vortex formation which show that air ingestion and vortex formation phenomena can be divided into three regimes corresponding to three ranges of submergence.Simple theoretical modelling of the flow in which the suction pipe is replaced by a point sink, shows that the occurrence of vortex formation is associated with the behaviour of the surface stagnation point.The theoretical results are compared with the extensive experimental data of Denny (4).


A texture segmentation method based on scattering wavelet convolution network was proposed for image segmentation by the texture features of the object. First of all, the scattering energy distribution features of each sub-images is extracted by using scattering wavelet convolution network, and the classification of scattering energy feature matrix at all levels is done by using the Ostu global threshold processing method, the coarse segmentation results are given accordingly; Secondly, the unsupervised texture segmentation is achieved by removing spurious spots in the coarse segmented images with the method of morphology. Experimental results indicate that high accuracy can be achieved for texture segmentation with the proposed methods.


As the main bases of the financial accounting the housing accumulation fund, the Financial accounting Methods for the Housing Accumulation Fund has some shortages objectively. This paper expounds the problems existing in the financial accounting of the housing accumulation fund, and advances some corresponding solving countermeasures.


"Diamond Mask (Ain't too Proud to Beg) 2004 was one of four works by Weaver included in After Nature, curated by Sally Couacaud. Other exhibitors were Lauren Berkowitz, Rosemary Laing and Janet Laurence. The work of each explored and negotiated notions of nature and landscape. Weaver uses sculpture to explore nature's way of working rather than its appearance: through re-growth, decay, metamorphosis and transformation. Her work added a challenging element to a display of the diverse concerns and metaphorical strategies the artists utilised to challenge the imagination with layers to navigate towards appreciating the complexities embedded in the term 'nature'. 'Weaver's world is a realm that incorporates the real and the imaginary, nature and culture. Her creatures have their beginnings in nature, being cast directly from real animals using the high density foam moulds of taxidermy, but then, like a taxidermist run amok, Weaver abandons their natural skins, instead adorning her creatures with customised coverings of exquisite and fabulous artifice.' (Sally Coucaud). This work uses lambs wool, Japanese silk, diamantes, synthetic fur and cotton thread over high density foam with a clear and mirrored acrylic base. Catalogue ISBN 0975071521."


The main objective of the Journal is to provide an intellectual platform for researchers and scholars worldwide who are all welcome to exchange their latest findings and results. The Journal, which aims at becoming one of the leading journals, publishing in social sciences in different languages from all over the world, does not demand any fee from its national/international readers.


Background—We retrospectively investigated the value of clinical and ECG findings as well as QT-QRS dispersion in predicting the risk of sudden death in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). Methods and Results—Duration and interlead variability of the QT interval and QRS complex were measured manually from standard ECGs in 20 sudden death victims with ARVC diagnosed at autopsy (group I), in 20 living ARVC patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia (group II), in 20 living ARVC patients with ≤3 consecutive premature ventricular beats (group III), and in 20 control subjects (group IV). QT and QRS dispersions were greater in group I (77.5±10.6 ms for QT and 45.7±8.1 ms for QRS) compared with group II (64.5±13.9 ms for QT [P=0.001] and 33.5±8.7 ms for QRS [P=0.0004]) and in group II compared with group III (48±8.9 ms for QT [P<0.0001] and 28±5.2 ms for QRS [P<0.0001]) and group IV (33.5±4.8 ms for QT [P<0.0001] and 18.5±3.6 ms for QRS [P<0.0001]). Negative T wave beyond V...


Jean-Claude Bustros' La queue tigree d'un chat comme un pendentif de pare-brise (1983-1989) and Zero Gravite (1990) mark an ethical endpoint of the scientific revolution so critical to growing up in the 60s and 70s, when the triumph of scientific thinking delivered both a trip to the moon and the atom bomb, all colonized and framed by an American voice and all part of the re-processed content available in these films.


The specific field covered by Article 20 is dealt with in few other international instruments and even then, overall, in very little detail. Apart from the 1986 Declaration, there are various human rights instruments whose scope also covers the specific situation and rights of children without parental care. The applicable best interests clause in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), however, considers the best interests of the child only as 'a primary consideration'. Coupled with the provisions of Article 20, thus, the CRC's interpretation of the child's best interests does not prioritize them. Apart from general human rights provisions, some of which protect the rights of children without parental care, there are special standards applying to specific groups who can be defined as children 'deprived of their family environment'.Keywords: 1986 Declaration; Article 20; CRC; family environment; human rights instruments; parental care


Recently, we found that, in concentrated neutral solutions, DNA molecules migrate in linear conformation under steady electric field. In this paper, we report the conformational change of DNA during 120° crossed‐field electrophoresis in the same polymer solution. We found that, in concentrated polyacrylamide solutions, the reorientation process of DNAs becomes simple: the DNA goes back along the previous track and the reorientation time is longer motion for the separation of DNA fragments in pulsed field gel electrophoresis. We expect that this phenomenon is useful for a more efficient separation technique of large DNAs than the current pulsed field gel electrophoresis.


This study aims to analyze the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports to ten main destination countries. The analysis period used in this study is from 2000 to 2019 which uses the Gravity Model analysis with a panel data regression approach. The results of this study indicate that a good model in analyzing the determinants of Indonesian cinnamon exports is the Random Effect Model (REM). Based on the estimation results, the GDP of the destination country, Indonesia's real GDP, economic distance and the real effective exchange rate are factors that determine the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports to the ten main export destination countries, while population and prices do not affect the volume of Indonesian cinnamon exports.


A series of (E,Z)‐1‐(dihydrobenzofuran‐5‐yl)‐3‐phenyl‐2‐(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐2‐propen‐1‐ones (C1–C35) were designed and synthesized, and the structures of compounds (Z)‐C27 and (Z)‐C29 were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The antitumor activities of these novel compounds against cervical cancer (HeLa), lung cancer (A549), and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines were evaluated in vitro. Majority of the title compounds exhibited strong antitumor activities and were much more promising than the positive control Taxol, which were also accompanied by lower cytotoxicity to normal cells. In particular, compounds (E,Z)‐C24 exhibited the most consistent potent activities against three neoplastic cells with IC50 values ranging from 3.2 to 7.1 μm. Further researches demonstrated that compounds (E,Z)‐C24 could induce cell apoptosis and arrest cell cycle at the G2/M and S phases. Meanwhile, the structure–activity relationship between the configurations and cytotoxicity of the compounds was also investigated.


A forced-convection liquid-fluoride-salt loop is being constructed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This loop was designed as a versatile experimental facility capable of supporting general thermal/fluid/corrosion testing of liquid fluoride salts. The initial test configuration is designed to support the Pebble Bed Advanced High-Temperature Reactor and incorporates a test section designed to examine the heat transfer behavior of FLiNaK salt in a heated pebble bed. The loop is constructed of Inconel 600 and is capable of operating at up to 700oC. It contains a total of 72 kg of FLiNaK salt and uses an overhung impeller centrifugal sump pump that can provide FLiNaK flow at 4.5 kg/s with a head of 0.125 MPa. The test section is made of silicon carbide (SiC) and contains approximately 600 graphite spheres, 3 cm in diameter. The pebble bed is heated using a unique inductive technique. A forced induction air cooler removes the heat added to the pebble bed. The salt level within the loop is maintained by controlling an argon cover gas pressure. Salt purification is performed in batch mode by transferring the salt from the loop into a specially made nickel crucible system designed to remove oxygen, moisture and other salt more » impurities. Materials selection for the loop and test section material was informed by 3 months of Inconel 600 and SiC corrosion testing as well as tests examining subcomponent performance in the salt. Several SiC-to-Inconel 600 mechanical joint designs were considered before final salt and gas seals were chosen. Structural calculations of the SiC test section were performed to arrive at a satisfactory test section configuration. Several pump vendors provided potential loop pump designs; however, because of cost, the pump was designed and fabricated in-house. The pump includes a commercial rotating dry gas shaft seal to maintain loop cover gas inventory. The primary instrumentation on the loop includes temperature, pressure, and loop flow rate measurement. Although techniques for all these measurements have improved, no commercial instrumentation was available for flow and pressure measurement that had been tested under these conditions. Instrumentation was tested and modified to meet both corrosion and temperature requirements. This paper discusses the issues encountered during the design and construction of the ORNL Liquid Salt Loop and should prove useful to those contemplating construction of similar high-temperature liquid-fluoride-salt facilities. « less


Symbionts are very common in arthropods and play a crucial role in the ecology and evolution of their hosts.They symbiose with hosts,affect the growth and propagation of hosts,and benefit from each other.Cardinium is a recently described bacterium from the Bacteroidetes group, widely distributed in arthropods.It is involved in diverse reproduction alterations of its hosts,including cytoplasmic incompatibility,parthenogenesis and feminization.The paper reviewed the researh progress and potential applications of Cardinium.


To evaluate the efficiency of the criteria proposed by the National Referral Guidelines at selecting patients with lower gastrointestinal tract cancer for urgent outpatient assessment when compared with the standard method for prioritization.


The Australian FOI Act has been failing to live up to its promise to facilitate a vibrant information flow allowing for better public policy dialogue between decision-makers in the public sector and citizens. While this problem has been recognised by Canberra, the search for solutions has been based on an antiquated conception of information management. This article argues that the field of information economics, specifically the work of Nobel Prize winning economist Joseph Stiglitz, can assist in changing the perception of FOI from being a troublesome problem to a valuable information tool. An effective and responsive FOI scheme is a prerequisite to a culture of access to government information, which improves policy outcomes and citizen trust in the political process. A system based on transparent, modern and democratic principles of access to and exchange of ideas would be beneficial for all Australians.


Aims and Objectives: The aim was to determine freeway space in edentulous individuals by correlating clinical findings of freeway space clinically with the gonial angle cephalometrically. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 dentulous individuals in the age-group of 20-30 years. Freeway space was determined by the difference between the readings of vertical dimension of rest and vertical dimension of occlusion in dentulous individuals. Gonial angle was calculated with the help of cephalometric radiographs, and the two were co-related.Results: Gonial angle (X) varied from 103° to 104° with an average of 122.45°. Freeway space (Y) ranged from 0.9 mm to 2.9 mm with an average of 1.77 mm. Co-relation of 51.21% existed between the gonial angle and freeway space. Conclusion: The study establishes a co-relation between gonial angle and freeway space with a value of 51.215%. In this way, the value of freeway space can be obtained.


In this paper,the engineering example that the little bored grouting piles are used in soft ground treatment of small structure was introduced. It was the first time application of this technique in highway construction in Hubei Province. Mechanism of little bored grouting pile,characteristics of project,design method,construction measures and their effectness are presented.


Standardized test facilities were developed and operate for investigating the compatibility of structural materials and flowing molten fluoride salts. The standard loop accommodates various combinations of materials, fluid, flow, rates, and temperature differentials and permits fabrication of components in sufficient quantity for cost reduction. The test loop consists of a pump, two heated sections, a cooled section, a drain tank, and a frozen-plug-type valve. Automatic controls and equipment were developed to prevent solidification of the salt mixtures (mp, 800 to 1100 un. Concent 85% F) in the event of a loss of power. Most test loops were fabricated of 0.5-in.-OD, 0.045-in.-wall tubing, and operate with a temperature differential of up to 200 un. Concent 85% F, a maximum wall temperature in the range 1200 to 1500 un. Concent 85% F, and a salt flow rate of up to 3 gpm. Twenty-five test loops were operated for an accumulated operating time of 290,00 hr. Individual loops were operated continuously for more than one year. (auth)


In the framework of the globalised and more and more integrated markets, there are accentuating new rules in the competition game. Hence, in general, internationalisation is becoming an inevitable stage in the strategic evolution of the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and implicitly for those from the Romanian economy. The internationalisation process is analysed from the perspective of the factors which initiate and/or potentiate it. The empirical study takes in consideration, on one hand, the identification, from a multitude of factors existing in the international business literature, of the antecedents which influence directly the internationalisation process of the SMEs in Romania, and, on the other hand, the determination of factors with the highest impact on export performance of these enterprises.


A new brake disc design is examined in order to improve high energy railway braking. The solution which consists to use friction materials able to endure hard thermomechanical conditions and to limit heat transfer toward the axle has been studied for multimaterial discs. The brake disc is composed of three distinct components : a stand disc, a thermal barrier flange and a friction flange. The insertion of a thermal barrier flange allows the use of aluminium alloy for the stand disc, reducing significantly the mass of the braking disc.Continuous braking simulations made on 1/4 reduced scale discs have allowed the study of the influence of thermal barrier position and thickness on disc and pad temperatures as well as on total mass disc. The friction material pair composed of an aluminium titanate pad and a Ni-Cr/Cr 3 C 2 cermet coated steel disc is very interesting as for friction coefficient stability and wear resistance. Endurance tests have shown that this system is able to damageless dissipate a 2 MJ energy per reduced disc side, which corresponds to 36 MJ for a disc on the scale 1. The studied friction material pair is also insensitive to humidity, a basic advantage in comparison with the common braking systems.


LIST OF SYMBOLS A(t) = Matrix of function coefficients B =Matrix of voltage coefficients -+ i = Vector of currents -+ L = Matrix of inductances iss, ir =Self-inductances of windings i sr, irs = Mutual inductances between windings P = Number of poles p =Differential operator =dldt R =Diagonal matrix of resistances ~ = Independent variable vector x = Derivative of the general independent variable vector ; = Vector of forcing functions 8 =Angular position of rotor


Modern trends and developments in perioperative medicine mean that anesthesiologists today steadily need to be thinking about patient health promotion, perioperative processes that prevent complications, patient empowerment and involvement in their own preparation/care/ after-hospital care, reducing unnecessary healthcare expenditures, and more. There are a number of relatively simple and readily accessible processes where anesthesia specialists can actively participate, although interest perhaps has not yet been mobilized. Some of these may already be present in our hospitals. One such example is patient smoking cessation before elective surgery. What we all must recognize is that this is not a trivial intervention that can be left to others. This is about patient safetyimproving surgical patient outcomes and optimal use of limited health-care resources. And, the 'treatment' effect sizes are startlingly large. Imagine a patient scenario where an elective operation is planned, the patient agrees enthusiastically with the surgeon and anesthesiologist to cease smoking before the operation as part of his or her preoperative preparation, and then at the hospital immediately before the operation, surgical and anesthesia personnel find the patient smoking a cigarette. What to do? Pretend that it did not happen? Delay or cancel the surgery? Hope that the department has a routine and precedent for this situation? Is one going to be in trouble for disturbing operating room efficiency if one suggests canceling the surgery? Are the surgical and anesthesia departments and providers in agreement ahead of time on what to do? The main issue here is that there is overwhelming evidence to support smoking cessation as a way to improve surgical and perioperative outcomes. For elective surgery, should one proceed when it is clear that a patient is not in optimal pre-operative condition? What about the effects of active smoking on wound healing? Post-operative complications consume large portions of health-care budgets, and if some of them are avoidable, should we not do our best to avoid them as often as possible? Furthermore, perioperative patient contacts may be a very effective way to help patients find a way to lead more healthy lifestyles, including ceasing smoking. How strong is the evidence that preoperative smoking cessation has a positive impact on perioperative and surgical results? There is really no longer any doubt. Very strong evidence began to be reported more than 10 years ago, and Nordic research groups have been influential. Möller et al. reported in 2002 about effects of 8 weeks with an intensive pre-operative smoking cessation program for subjects scheduled for hip or knee joint replacement surgery, where the intervention resulted in an overall complication rate of 18% compared with 52% in controls. The largest effect of smoking cessation in that study was observed as a lower incidence of wound-related complications. Hospital stay was also reduced in the group with smoking cessation by approximately a couple of days. Many variations of this study type and findings have been presented to find where the breaking point for enough smoking cessation (how long before and after surgery) to be clinically meaningful, where findings have been presented that 4 weeks of pre-operative smoking cessation provide benefits (reduce complication rates) for patient groups including hernia repair, cholecystectomy, as well as hip and knee arthroplasty operations. But why would one aim for the minimum of patient


Thesis (M.A.)--Georgetown University, 2009.; Includes bibliographical
 references. The Victorian male gaze is typically understood in feminist criticism as the
 subjugation of the anti-male (the woman) and her recasting as an object for male dominance.
 The current theorization of the male gaze is problematic because it seems at once both too
 generic and too narrow. It is too narrow because it limits all gazes into two categories
 (objectifying and demystifying in order to objectify) and one goal (domination); it is generic
 because its function as the sole definition of all gazes forces certain kinds of looking into
 a binary of dominance and repression.; In my research, I worked with feminist criticism as
 well as three Victorian texts: George Eliot's Daniel Deronda, Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre,
 and Henry James' Portrait of a Lady. By detaching the gaze from the notion of masculine
 dominance, I have uncovered the possibility for alternative representations of the gaze as
 utilized by the feminized man and the masculine woman. I assert that the gaze can function to
 dominate, to preserve the self in society, to question and imagine, or to embody social
 consciousness, as the desire that fuels the gaze extends to the idea of one's
 construction--not as a man, woman, feminized man, or masculine female, but as an androgynous
 human.


In this paper we study the implications of general-purpose technological growth for asset prices. The model features two types of shocks: "small", frequent, and disembodied shocks to productivity and "large" technological innovations, which are embodied into new vintages of the capital stock. While the former affect the economy on impact, the latter affect the economy with lags, since firms need to first adopt the new technologies through investment. The process of adoption leads to cycles in asset valuations and risk premia as firms convert the growth options associated with the new technologies into assets in place. This process can help provide a unified, investment-based view of some well documented phenomena such as the asset-valuation patterns around major technological innovations, the countercyclical behavior of returns, the lead-lag relationship between the stock market and output, and the increasing patterns of consumption-return correlations over longer horizons.


Successful pregnancy is a rare phenomenon in women with Wilson's
disease. We report a case of a primigravid 19 -years old woman who
presented with hemolytic anemia and was later diagnosed with Wilson's
disease for the first time during pregnancy. With prompt treatment, she
delivered a healthy albeit pre-term child.


One of the most important lessons to emerge from nearly a decade of ISO container movement is the importance of matching the capital cost of the lifting plant at the transhipment point to the volume of traffic handled. Failure in this respect can create bottlenecks, or load each container movement with excessive costs which cannot be recovered from the shipper. The author reviews the wide range of container lifting and handling equipment now available, and explains the advantages of each method for particular applications.


This study, based on the CCL (Center for Chinese Linguistics) corpus, the BCC (Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center) corpus, and the dictionaries of Xiehouyu ( 歇后 语 ) (two-part allegorical sayings), finds that the rhetorical senses of the construction A Shu B , C depends on the categories of A , B , and C . When A is non-human, the statement is rhetorical; when A is human, the categories of B and C will decide its nature. When B is a non-traditional Zodiac sign, the statement is rhetorical, and when B is a traditional Zodiac sign, the categories of A and C will decide its nature. When C is age-related, the statement is traditional, and when C is attribute-related, it is rhetorical. The rhetorical construction carries evaluative connotations in the following distribution: negative: 80.8%; positive: 13.5%; and neutral: 5.7%. The possible motivations for the rhetorical senses are culturally contextualized interactions of metaphor and metonymy as well as homophonic and conceptual associations.


On average about a third of the housing units in 59 large urban areas in the United States in 2010 were multifamily housing. The share was higher in the urban cores and lower in the suburban peripheries, but the suburbs still had a mean of over a quarter of the housing multifamily in 2010, with single-family detached housing constituting about three-fifths. The suburban areas saw the greatest changes from 1970 to 2010 with an increase of nearly 8 points in the average percent multifamily. But variation in both percentages and change across urban areas were very great. In 2010, mean percent multifamily in the urban cores was greatest for urban areas in the Northeast and, perhaps surprisingly, in the West, where the share had grown rapidly since 1970. The suburbs showed little difference by region. The share multifamily in the cores was significantly related to the size of the urban area and its rate of growth over the prior decades. Only the growth rate was related to the suburban percentage multifamily. Percentages of units of different housing types (single-family attached, multifamily, and mobile homes) significantly predicted the densities of the urban areas.


Most scheduling methodologies developed until now have laid down good theoretical foundations, but there is still the need for real-time rescheduling methods that can work effectively in disruption management. In this work, a novel approach for automatic generation of rescheduling knowledge using Relational Reinforcement Learning (RRL) is presented. Relational representations of schedule states and repair operators enable to encode in a compact way and use in real-time rescheduling knowledge learned through intensive simulations of state transitions. An industrial example where a current schedule must be repaired following the arrival of a new order is discussed using a prototype application – SmartGantt ®- for interactive rescheduling in a reactive way . SmartGantt ® demonstrates the advantages of resorting to RRL and abstract states for real-time rescheduling. A small number of training episodes are required to define a repair policy which can handle on the fly events such as order insertion, resource break-down, raw material delay or shortage and rush order arrivals using a sequence of  operators to achieve a selected goal.


The use of undercover law enforcement techniques brings with it serious risks. They have the capability of threatening civil liberties and US constitutional rights of innocent individuals. Limits of governmental intrusion reflected in the Fourth Amendment, protection of privileged communications reflected in the First Amendment, and the requirement that criminal investigations be conducted in a fair manner commanded by the Fifth Amendment are endangered by undercover methods. After briefly exploring the history of covert practices, this paper will visit current internal and external policies guiding the use of undercover law enforcement methods and court cases that had major impacts on shaping behaviours of undercover officers. Since policies are not well developed at the local level and state courts have reaffirmed rulings by the US Supreme Court, references are made to federal agencies and federal case law. Results of the research indicate that some agencies have internal guidelines, however, they cannot be judicially enforced. US Supreme Court case law is the best resource in guiding law enforcement officers and minimising the risks of violating individuals' rights during an undercover investigation.


Electric vehicles emit less exterior sound than combustion vehicles, resulting in a higher risk for pedestrians to be involved in accidents. In order to overcome this, the generation of exterior sound for electric vehicles is or will be mandatory. But, the corresponding laws in the different continents are not identical, leading to the fact that different requirements have to be fulfilled in different markets. On the other hand, the generation of exterior sound offers the possibility to implement a Brand Sound to the OEMs. But, the generated sound has to be compliant to legislative requirements, and has to be aligned to the interior sound. In general, portions of the generated exterior sound will also be audible in the interior, and this sound should not reduce the interior Sound Quality. In addition, the generation of sophisticated and interesting exterior sounds requires rather complex sound generation schemes, which are hard to match with the respective legislative requirements – these requirements restrict the design freedom, and cause a tedious, ineffective and long-lasting iterative Sound Design process. In order to minimize the trade-off between the fulfilment of legislative requirements and the Sound Design target the agreement to legislation has to be incorporated into the Sound Design process. A corresponding process is implemented in the neosonic exterior Sound Design approach. The characteristics of the used acoustic transfer path are incorporated into the design tool, and the agreement to the legal requirements is automatically evaluated from the start if the basic Sound Design. Furthermore, additional semi-automatic sound generation layers can be used to make a Sound Design compliant to legislation. The implementation in the neosonic direct-to-unit editor is presented.


We describe a very new topology for a nematic\char22{}smectic-$A$\char22{}smectic-$C$ polycritical point which results from the insertion of a reentrant-nematic phase in an isobaric binary phase diagram. For the first time the nematic\char22{}to\char22{}smectic-$C$ transitions around this point are seen as a line of second order. Thus the ${N}_{\mathrm{re}}\mathrm{AC}$ point is basically different from the other $\mathrm{NAC}$ multicritical points reported so far, in the sense that the three coexisting branches are of second-order type. A short phenomenological interpretation with the use of a mean-field approach is given which agrees fairly well with the experimental results.


A radiative heat and mass transfer study of Walter's memory flow along a vertical cone with thermophoresis is completed in the presence of induced magnetic field. A mathematical model of Walter's memory flow is developed from the basis of studying Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD). Some dimensionless quantities have been used to transform the model to non-dimensional system of equations. The dimensionless unsteady, coupled and non-linear partial differential conservation equations for the boundary layer regime are solved by an efficient, accurate and unconditionally stable finite difference scheme of the Crank-Nicolson type. The features of the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics within the boundary layer are analyzed by plotting graphs and the physical aspects are discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the impact of flow variables plays an important role in the Walter's memory flow. Last of all, some important findings of the present problem are concluded in this work.


An analysis of the peculiarities of the German Uranium Project (1939–1945) reveals that it was, in many ways, different from what one would expect. There was no work at all on a possible bomb, nor on plutonium. The reactor experiments were limited to subcritical systems and did not attempt to achieve the proclaimed goal of a self-sustaining chain reaction. The so-far identified deficits (lack of interest in Nazi circles, mismanagement, scientific mistakes, and deteriorating work conditions during the war) are relevant but not sufficient for explaining the peculiarities. We deduce that the scientists involved, and even the Heereswaffenamt (army ordnance), shied away from making progress, not only towards a bomb but even towards a reactor. They did not fail; they rather renounced a possible success in order not to provoke political interest in the development of a bomb.


In Gui wenya′s various children′s literature works,the most enlightening ones are those based on the experience of her own childhood.These works provide a new perspective for the children′s literature writers in the Chinese mainland: childhood is not only a world full of sunshine,but also a world accompanied by depression,disappointment and anxiety.The world is not so perfect,and the growing child must have more understanding to the pains in the growth.


Recently it was proposed that matching of global charges induced in vacuum by slowly varying, topologically non-trivial scalar fields provides consistency conditions analogous to the 't Hooft anomaly matching conditions. We study matching of induced charges in supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theories with quantum modified moduli space. We find that the Wess-Zumino term should be present in the low energy theory in order that these consistency conditions are satisfied. We calculate the lowest homotopy groups of the quantum moduli space, and show that there are no obstructions to the existence of the Wess-Zumino term at arbitrary N. The explicit expression for this term is given. It is shown that neither vortices nor topological solitons exist in the model. The case of softly broken supersymmetry is considered as well. We find that the possibility of global flavor symmetric vacuum is strongly disfavored.


To investigate the effect of forced convection on the mechanism of heat transfer with surface boiling, a high-speed, high-resolution photographic study was made. The test section was a transparent channel of rectangular cross section 3/16 × 1/2 × 6 in., with an electrically heated metal strip 1/8 in. wide suspended lengthwise to divide the channel into two flow passages. To facilitate photography of boiling on the metal strip near burnout conditions, the burnout limits for this section were determined experimentally. An empirical equation was fitted to the points.


Aim  A key life‐history component for many animals is the need for movement between different geographical locations at particular times. Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) hatchlings disperse from their natal location to spend an early pelagic stage in the ocean, followed by a neritic stage where small juveniles settle in coastal areas. In this study, we combined genetic and Lagrangian drifter data to investigate the connectivity between natal and foraging locations. In particular we focus on the evidence for transatlantic transport.


Core–shell (CS) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD) capped with ligands that possess a mercapto or an amino group and a naphthalimide (NI) as chromophore unit, linked by a short ethylene chain (CS@S–NI and CS@H2N–NI, respectively), have been synthesized and fully characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and voltammetry as well as by steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopies. The organic ligands HS–NI and H2N–NI act as bidentate ligands, thereby causing a drastic decrease in the QD emission. This was particularly evident in the case of CS@S–NI. This behavior has been compared with that of commercially available QDs with octadecylamine as the surface ligand and a QD capped with decanethiol ligands (CS@S–D). The interaction between the anchor groups and the QD surface brings about different consequences for the radiative and nonradiative kinetics, depending on the nature of the anchor group. Our results suggest that the naphth...


The imposing remains of the Aghios Nikolaos fortress are well known to the inhabi‐ tants of Styra. They lie near the summit of Mt. Kliosi and enjoy a panoramic view over much of southern Euboea. A topographical survey and short excavation were conducted at the site in 2004 and 2005. Results of the investigation suggest that the Eretrians, after the annexation of Styra, constructed the fortress at the beginning of the 4th century BC to guard the border with Karystos to the south. Evidence is also presented for a 5th cen‐ tury BC sanctuary that occupied the rocky plateau near the summit. The 4th century for‐ tress was partly dismantled in Byzantine and later periods and the stones were re‐used in later fortifications nearby.


The theory of ink rheology splitting transfer was introduced and its limitation that ink splitting only depends on the adhesion of substrate was discussed.The pressure differential equations of the both sides of the mesh was formulated based on Poiseuile' law.The minimum mesh interval got from the equations corresponded to reality,proving that pressure is the key factor contributing to the splitting of ink.At last,the ink rheology splitting transfer was modified.


Described is a dispenser for sheets received in a cavity in the dispenser that are pulled through an outlet opening in a top wall of the dispenser. The dispenser has access openings that afford inspection of the number of sheets remaining in the dispenser and facilitate engagement of a persons finger with the end portion of one of the sheets that projects through the outlet opening; a cover for the top wall when the dispenser is not in use; and separable portions that allow sheets to be positioned in the cavity. The dispenser can be included in an assembly further including a support member along which the dispenser is releasably attached, which support member can support one or more such dispensers together with dispensers for other items such as tape flags.


The influence of plant morphology and rainfall intensity on soil loss and runoff was determined at the plant scale for three representative species of a semi‐arid patchy shrubland vegetation of east Spain, representing contrasting canopy structures and plant phenologies (Rosmarinus officinalis, Anthyllis cytisoides and Stipa tenacissima).


This study explores the importance of general chemistry as a prerequisite for organic chemistry lecture courses. The students taking organic chemistry were categorized into three groups: (1) those ...


This paper analyzes the important functions of the modern information technology on the services of subject librarians under the new information environment,expounds the relationship among Web2.0,Library 2.0and Subject Librarian 2.0 and their concepts and connotations, and puts forward the strategy of constructing subject librarian joint service platform.


The IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 21, Photovoltaics (PV) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee (TC82) on Photovoltaics are developing photovoltaic standards. Documents that have been published, are in press, have been approved for publication, or are in the review process, are described. Work is also continuing on preparation of documents for design qualification of modules, on-site systems measurements, and procedures for various environmental tests.<<ETX>>


Based on the finite element method of saturated and unsaturated rainfall infiltrations and the strength theory of unsaturated soils,a strength reduction method of slope stability analysis was presented. The method could consider the influence of strength variation of unsaturated zone and seepage load in saturated zone. It was applied to the deformation calculation and stability evaluation for the engineering slope K261 of Yuanmo highway under the influence of precipitation. It showed that the range of unsaturated zone would decrease;the pressure water head would increase and the transient saturated zone would appear because of the strong rainfall. The factor of safety of engineering slope would obviously decrease due to the unsaturated zone strength decreasing and the load changing of saturated zone seepage. The engineering slope would be unsteady under the extreme condition of constant rainfall accompanied with seismic loading. Preventing rainfall infiltration from slope and draining of slope could improve the stability of engineering slope effectively. At the same time,some resisting slip piles are suggested to for the 6-grade engineering slope.


As the ASVG play more and more important rules in electric power systems,it is very important to research the transient stability of power systems with ASVG.After analyzing in detail the model and control of ASVG,the probabilistic transient stability for power systems with ASVG based on the stochastic and uncertain performance of power systems and the non-sequential Monte-Carlo sampling algorithm is built in the paper.It investigated and compared the statistical results of the different systems in detail with the different placements and numbers of ASVG.It is pointed out that the selection of the different installation place and numbers is very important for the improvement of the transient stability in different power systems.


In the electronic packaging industry, it is important to be able to make accurate predictions of board level solder joint reliability during thermal cycling exposures. The Anand viscoelastic constitutive model is often used to represent the material behavior of the solder in finite element simulations. This model is defined using nine material parameters, and the reliability prediction results are often highly sensitive to the Anand parameters. In this work, an investigation on the Anand constitutive model and its application to SAC solders of various Ag contents (i.e. SACN05, with N = 1, 2, 3, 4) has been performed. For each alloy, both water quenched (WQ) and reflowed (RF) solidification profiles were utilized to establish two unique specimen microstructures, and the same reflow profile was used for all four of the SAC alloys so that the results could be compared and the effects of Ag content could be studied systematically. The nine Anand parameters were determined for each unique solder alloy and microstructure from a set of stress-strain tests performed at several strain rates and temperatures. Testing conditions included strain rates of 0.001, 0.0001, and 0.00001 (sec-1), and temperatures of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 C. The Anand parameters were calculated from each set of stress-strain data using an established procedure that is described in detail in the paper. Using the calculated results for the various SAC alloys and microstructures, a set of empirical models have been established to describe the effects of SAC alloy Ag content on the Anand model parameters. As expected, the mechanical properties (modulus and strength) increase with the percentage of Ag content, and these changes strongly affect the Anand parameters. The sensitivity of the mechanical properties and Anand parameters to silver content is higher at lower silver percentages (1-2%). Also, the observed mechanical properties of water quenched samples were better (higher in magnitude) than the corresponding mechanical properties of the reflowed samples. Although the differences in elastic modulus between the water quenched and reflowed samples are small, significant differences are present for the yield and ultimate tensile stresses of all four SAC alloys. After deriving the Anand parameters for each alloy, the stress-strain curves have been calculated for various conditions, and excellent agreement was found between the predicted results and experimental stress-strain curves.


In a photographic system, the random variations in otherwise uniform responses to exposing light are referred to as grain. This two-dimensional random noise is characterized objectively by the RMS granularity. The subjective impression of this noise is termed graininess. Bartleson demonstrated that a logarithmic relationship exists between the RMS print granularity and perceived graininess as measured on an interval scale. Subsequently, Maier and Miller described the first grain ruler, a technique whereby graininess can be measured or visualized quickly and directly. Although observers were able to successfully use this technique to directly measure graininess, large interobserver variability was found in actual use. In this paper we explain the source of this variability and present an improved grain ruler for use with color reflection materials. The KODAK Color Grain Ruler, created via digital image simulation techniques, allows the direct measurement of the graininess of color reflection prints with a minimum of interobserver variability. The KODAK Color Grain Ruler has applications for both conventional photographic prints and, within certain limitations, the assessment of two-dimensional random noise in digitally generated reflection prints.


Research on building energy model calibration have specific validation protocols dealing with either monthly or yearly energy values. Research based on calibrating buildings' temperature behaviour rely on the same energy validation protocols rather than on specific temperature ones. This paper reports on research undertaken on the temperature performance of heavyweight construction in Beirut, Lebanon and on its optimal calibration. The objective is to apply energy base protocols on temperature calibration, on two different cases: a living in apartment with uncontrollable patterns of usage, and a much strict controllable environment. Furthermore, the paper will check whether calibration for one period will remain valid when tested on another period, and finally, how to carry on with further simulations when studying performance and envelope upgrades.


The spatial distribution of neutrons emitted by a Po–Be source and moderated by water‐zirconium mixtures has been measured for four water‐zirconium volume ratios. From these data, migration areas of source neutrons to energies below the cadmium cutoff have been determined with an uncertainty of ±2%. The experimental values of the migration area M2 are: Zr/H2O ratioM2(cm2)0.0069.60.2581.30.5089.71.00112.8


In this paper,we define the concept of regularity of feasible set for lower level original stochastic programming.If optimal solution set for lower level original stochastic programming is a set of single points,by using the epi-convergence theory,we show that any optimal solution vector function for lower level stochastic programming approximation problem converges continuously to the unique optimal solution vector function for lower level original stochastic programming.Furthermore,if objective function and constraint conditions of upper level stochastic programming contain optimal solution vector function of lower level stochastic programming,if probability measure sequence is convergence,we obtain the upper semi-convergence of optimal solution set for upper level stochastic programming in minimal information probability metric.


The study is based on the case of Ziyun Getu River Scenic Resort of Anshun Municipality.In the perspective of the Resource-based View,the study is carried out with regard to how to optimize and integrate the superiority of resources to improve the core competitive power of tourism in the hope that the resort will become an indispensible component of the west line of tourism in Guizhou.


The reaction of [Rh(μ-Cl)(CO)2]2 with two equivalents of L [L = PR2{NC4H3C(O)Me-2}; R = Ph, L1; R = NC4H4, L2] gave the P,O-chelate complexes [RhCl(CO)(L-κ2P,O)]
(1, L =
L1; 2, L =
L2), whereas reaction with four equivalents of L gave [RhCl(CO)(L)2]
(3, L =
L1; 4, L =
L2). Complexes 3 and 4 are fluxional in solution, and at low temperatures exist predominantly with one of the two keto groups coordinated. Complexes 3 and 4 undergo metal-promoted hydrolysis reactions with adventitious water leading to the diphosphoxane-bridged dimers [RhCl(CO)(μ-PR2OPR2)]2
(5, R = Ph; 6, R = NC4H4), with the carbonyl and chloride ligands both terminal and semi-bridging in 5 but solely terminal in 6. Complexes 3 and 4 react with NH4PF6 or TlPF6 to give cis-[Rh(L-κ2P,O)2]PF6
(7b, L =
L1; 8, L =
L2). These complexes are also formed from the reaction of L with [Rh(μ-Cl)(cod)]2 in the presence of NH4PF6. Complex 8 reacts with CO to give [Rh(CO)(L2)2]PF69, with PMe3 to give [Rh(PMe3)2(L2-κ2P,O)]PF610, and with [NEt3Bz]Cl (Bz = CH2Ph) to give [RhCl(L2-κ1P)(L2-κ2P,O)]
11. Complexes 2, 5·CH2Cl2, 6·C7H8, 7b, 8 and 11 have been crystallographically characterised. The electron-withdrawing character of L1 and L2 has led to differences in reactivity from the β-ketophosphine PPh2CH2C(O)Ph and the ether-phosphine PPh2CH2CH2OMe.


In the present work, we quantize a closed Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model in the presence of a positive cosmological constant and radiation. It gives rise to a Wheeler-DeWitt equation for the scale factor which has the form of a Schrodinger equation for a potential with a barrier. We solve it numerically and determine the tunneling probability for the birth of a asymptotically DeSitter, inflationary universe, initially, as a function of the mean energy of the initial wave-function. Then, we verify that the tunneling probability increases with the cosmological constant, for a fixed value of the mean energy of the initial wave-function.


Author(s): Misch, GW; Brown, BA; Fuller, GM | Abstract: We present shell-model calculations showing that residual interaction-induced configuration mixing enhances the rate of neutral current de-excitation of thermally excited nuclei into neutrino-antineutrino pairs. Though our calculations reinforce the conclusions of previous studies that this process is the dominant source of neutrino pairs near the onset of neutrino trapping during stellar collapse, our shell-model result has the effect of increasing the energy of these pairs, possibly altering their role in entropy transport in supernovae. © 2013 American Physical Society.


Objective
To evaluate the expression and clinical significance of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods
We analzyed the RNA-seq data of esophageal carcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect RUNX2 mRNA and protein expression in 80 ESCC patients' cancer and adjacent normal esophageal mucosal tissues. The relationship of RUNX2 protein expression and clinicopathological parameters and the association of RUNX2 protein expression with prognosis were analyzed.

Results
The expression of RUNX2 mRNA in esophageal carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly increased by TCGA database analysis, P=0.000, P=0.002. The RUNX2 mRNA (P=0.000) and protein (16.942, P=0.000) expression was significantly higher in ESCC cancer tissues than in normal tissues. RUNX2 protein expression was significantly associated with the tumor invasion (6.138, P=0.013), differentiation (6.277, P=0.014) and TNM stage (3.903, P=0.048). The overall survival (P=0.048) and progression free survival (P=0.025) in patients with high RUNX2 protein expression were significantly longer than those in the patients with low RUNX2 protein expression. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of RUNX2 was an independent risk factor of overall survival (P=0.000) and progress free survival (P=0.002).

Conclusion
RUNX2 might play an important role in the development and progression of ESCC and might be a prognostic factor in ESCC.

Key words:
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; Runt-related transcription factor 2; Prognosis


The electronic and magnetic properties of the three types of ferromagnetic nanowires (FN4's), Fe4, Co4, and Ni4, encapsulated in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have been investigated systematically using the first-principles projector-augmented wave potential within the density functional theory under the generalized gradient approximation. We find that all three types of the FN4 encapsulated into the narrower (6,6) BNNT are endothermic, whereas if they are encapsulated into the broader (8,8) BNNT, they are exothermic. Both the spin polarization and the magnetic moment of the FN4@(8,8) systems are larger than those of the FN4@(6,6) systems due to weaker restriction of the broader (8,8) BNNT, but those of these two combined systems are smaller than those of the corresponding freestanding FN4. The spin polarization of the Co4@(8,8) system is larger than that of either the Fe4@(8,8) system or the Ni4@(8,8) system, which means that the Co4@(8,8) system can be used as a spin valve in spin-dependent transport ...


In this article, a graft, oxidation starch sizing agent was synthesized and its structure and surface morphology were analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the synthesized graft oxidation starch has good gelatinizing ability, good film properties, good desizing ability, and lower hygroscopic properties. The sized yarns (T/C65/35, 13.5tex), sized with graft oxidation starch and emulsive copolymer size EM, exhibit good tensile strength and elongation at break, good abrasion resistance, and lower counts of fluff when poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is substituted by ≤ 80% with graft oxidation starch. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1563–1566, 2003


Background: Using panel data from 1960 to 2013 of 193 UN countries, this paper explored the effect of maternal and child health outcomes specific to GDP per capita. Objective: To explore the effect of MDG 4 and 5 to per capita GDP of UN countries.Methods: Data gathered from World Bank were averaged from 1960 to 2013 and was normalized using lagged logarithmic form to fit in the parameters required to run multiple linear regression. Results: The combination of variables indicating maternal and child health outcomes significantly predicted the effect to GDP per capita at 99% (pConclusion: Utilizing the empirical model, the maternal and child health outcomes have a minimum effect of 2.32% to 4.81% to GDP per capita.


Urinary tract infections are a major public health concern. The formation of biofilm is the prime cause of antibiotic resistance by uropathogens. This study was conducted for the determination and biochemical characterization of uropathogens with drug resistance and biofilm formation capacity among Urinary Tract infected patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh. The samples (n=109) had been collected from the patients of Chattogram Medical College and Meghna diagnostic center, Chattogram, Bangladesh. Pathogens were biochemically identified from 109 urine samples, and their antibiotic susceptibility was determined using a disk diffusion test. Biofilm formation capacity was observed and confirmed using the Congo red agar (CRA) method and sequence analysis of the esp and cup A genes. Among 109 urine samples, 50 (45.87%) patients were tested positive in culture with gram-negative bacteria, where the most predominant genus was Escherichia coli (54%), Klebsiella spp. (30%) and Pseudomonas spp. (16%), which also showed sensitivity against the antibiotic Imipenem and Netilmicin. Besides, almost 82% of isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin. An epidemiological study showed that females (60%) are more susceptible to UTI compared to children and males; where it also showed that the people (68%) of greater Chattogram in summer are mostly infected with uropathogens along with diabetes (32%). In the biofilm formation test, it was found that 36% of uropathogens were exopolysaccharide producers. But no isolate was detected in PCR analysis. The present study showed that Imipenem can be used as a suitable antibiotic to treat UTI.
Bioresearch Commu. 8(2): 1106-1112, 2022 (July)


A literature review dealing with the health hazards associated with working in wastewater treatment plants and those hazards to the general public from land disposal of wastewater and sludge is presented. Specific areas reviewed include the health effects associated with the incineration and composting of sludge, aquaculture, and various onsite systems of wastewater treatment. The presence of organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, and parasites, bacteria and viruses in renovated water is implicated as potential health hazards. (KRM)


Artist interviews are utilized in contemporary conservation practice to gain a deeper understanding of the artist's intent. This method gathers intangible information not obtainable through technic...


Objective: To observe the efficacy of the intra-amniotic injection of mifepristone combined with ethacridine for the termination of the second trimester pregnancy. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-six women between the 16 th and 27 th weeks of gestation who voluntarily asked for a termination of the second trimester pregnancy were selected and randomly assigned into an observation group with 140 cases and a control group with 136 ones. The observe group after receiving an intraamniotic injection administrated ethacridine orally of 50 mg mifepristone at 0, 12 and 24 hours and its total dose was 150 mg. The women in the control group only received 100 mg ethacridine by the intra-amniotic injection. The total birth process of the induction of labor, blood loss in 24 h after labor, retained placental tissue rate, cervical laceration and successful abortion rate were compared between two groups. Results: The total birth process of the induction of labor was shorten, blood loss in 24 h lose less and the retained placental tissue rate in the observe group was obviously less, and comparing with the control group, the difference had the statistical significance(P0.01). The incidence of the cervical laceration in the observe group and in the control group was 0 and 1.47%, respectively, and their successful abortion rates were 100% and 97.8%, respectively. The difference of two groups had no statistical significance(P0.05). Conclusion: The intra-amniotic injection of mifepristone combined with ethacridine for the termination of the second trimester pregnancy is a simple, safe, effective and fast method.


Road design standard should be checked whether that could accept the elderly drivers' performance and driving ability. Because traffic accidents that elderly drivers cannot adapt the change of the traffic environment are rapidly increasing.Judgement of guide sign is one of the difficult task for elderly drivers, since they are weak in the task of recognition and judgement of traffic circumstance in a short time. The purpose of the present paper is to develop a systems for estimating judgement time of guide sign and evaluate those abilities of elderly drivers with Computer Graphics.


Contrary to the expectation that islands should monotonicalIy sink as the aging sea floor thermally contracts, some atolls that were formerly at sea level are now elevated as much as 70 m. A eustatic sea level high cannot explain the magnitude of the larger uplifts or the simultaneous occurrence of elevated and sea level atolls. The observation that recently active volcanoes are found near these raised atolls suggests that they have been tectonically uplifted by the loading effect of the volcanoes. By modeling the oceanic lithosphere as an elastic plate overlying a fluid asthenosphere we can both explain the varying amounts of elevation and bracket the effective flexural rigidity of the oceanic lithosphere between 1.7 and 2.5 ×1022 N m.


By using the commericial CFD Software FLUMTTM5.4.8,turbulent flow in Cyclone of CFB is numerically investigated to pusue better understanding the flow characteristic in Cyclone.Based on the original model improved modes including eliminating length of vortex,modified the Cyclone inlet structure and increasing outside diameter of Cyclone,are adopted to improve performance of the Cyclone.Result of above mentioned are good to the design,operation and modify the Cyclone.


We present a study of the crystallography and transport properties of ${\mathrm{NdNiO}}_{3}$ thin films, grown by pulsed-laser deposition, on a variety of substrates and with a range of thicknesses. Results highlight the importance of epitaxy, and show that ${\mathrm{NdNiO}}_{3},$ with a sharp metal-insulator phase transition, can be fabricated without the need for high-pressure processing. The conductivity of the nickelate films was found to be well described by a linear sum of activated transport and Mott's variable range hopping in the entire measured temperature range of the semiconducting state, and this description was also found to provide an accurate fit for previously published transport properties of bulk ceramics. The transition was subsequently modeled using a percolative approach. It was found that the temperature of the metal-insulator phase transition, in both our films and in bulk, corresponded to a critical percolation threshold where the volume fraction of the semiconducting phase ${(V}_{s})$ was $\frac{2}{3},$ as expected for a three-dimensional cubic lattice. For the thinnest films grown on ${\mathrm{NdGaO}}_{3},$ a possible crossover to two-dimensional percolation was indicated by ${V}_{s}=\frac{1}{2}.$


Ceramic high temperature proton conductors offer in principle great advantages over oxide ion conductors and "proton conducting" polymers as electrolytes in fuel cells. This is related to the absence of product water on the anode, and simplified overall water management. The state-of-the-art proton conducting perovskite oxide materials are too basic to be stable in operation with reformed fossil fuels, and new classes of more stable proton conducting oxides have been discovered—so far with more moderate proton conductivities, though. Also new mixed proton-electron conducting oxides are being uncovered, and it is shown how they can be utilized as membranes in fossil fuelled power plants with CO2 sequestration.


whitish veil, pseudopods, striations, depigmentation areas, bizarre aspect, or peppering. It is recommended to excise the Nanta; as gold standard diagnosis is light microscopy, its presentation is atypical, and there is a considerable chance of confusion between it, a melanoma, or even junctional nevus. The dermoscopy picture may be an important diagnostic instrument for these lesions, with more images to be obtained and a pattern to be found. However, as no reports of Nanta under dermoscopy were yet published, it is not known if the dermoscopic features in this case will be the same as the majority of Nanta cases.


We constructed a system of parameterized representations of impact-related processes such as crater formation, atmospheric erosion, and impact melt production in order to model how impactors of different types and a large range of sizes could affect CO2-H2O atmospheres and interiors of terrestrial planets similar to Mars, Venus, or the early Earth. Impactor-induced mass fluxes leading to e.g. atmospheric escape, delivery and outgassing are calculated assuming CO2-H2O atmospheres in order to assess under which conditions atmospheres and interiors could be depleted or enriched by processes related to impacts and associated melting or weathering.

By combining parameterized models of single impacts with statistical information about the impactor flux such as the size-frequency distribution of impactors and the cratering chronology, one can deduce evolutionary paths of the volatile contents of the atmosphere and, within limits, of the interior.

We consider rocky S-type and icy-rocky C-type asteroids as well as comets, covering a range of impactor-target density contrasts from about 1/6 to about 4/5 and a range of (absolute) impact velocities from a little less than 10 to almost 65 km/s. Impactor size ranges from 1 m to half the planetary radius. Atmospheric surface pressures cover almost five orders of magnitude, ranging from a few millibars (~modern Mars) up to 95 bar (~modern Venus). Mostly CO2-dominated atmospheric compositions representative for modern-day Mars and Venus were assumed; other gases were not included.

With regard to atmospheric effects, there is a fundamental distinction to be made between blast-producing and crater-forming impacts; the boundary that separates these two regimes is mostly defined by the deceleration of the impactor and its resistance to breakup under the ram pressure during its traversal of the atmosphere. The direct effects of the former leave the interior essentially unaffected and interact only with the atmosphere. We use the formalism by Svetsov (2007) to assess the bulk mass transfer and balance resulting from mechanical erosion of the atmosphere and the disintegration of the impactor and estimate the balance for the individual volatiles from estimates of the impactor composition. In crater-forming impacts, there are additional effects that need to be included. Ejecta can contribute to the mechanical erosion of the atmosphere (e.g., Shuvalov et al., 2014) and also produce layers of porous material with a large, reactive surface that can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere by weathering in the long-term aftermath of an impact. Moreover, they produce craters which facilitate the interior-atmosphere mass exchange.

A key process in this context is the production of impact melt, which can serve as a vehicle for volatiles between the atmosphere and the interior by either releasing or dissolving CO2 and water, depending mostly on the pressure conditions at the interface; generally outgassing is expected to be more common, but still the two volatiles may behave quite differently. Consistent with previous studies we find that CO2 is expelled from the melt much more easily than H2O and could therefore enter the atmosphere under all the conditions considered, whereas water may be retained in the melt at high atmospheric pressures.

References

Shuvalov, V. V. et al. (2016): Determination of the height of the “meteoric explosion”. Sol. Syst. Res. 50(1), 1-12, doi: 10.1134/S0038094616010056

Svetsov, V. V. (2007): Atmospheric erosion and replenishment induced by impacts of cosmic bodies upon the Earth and Mars. Sol. Syst. Res. 41(1), 28-41, doi: 10.1134/S0038094607010030


Abstract The newly conceived and recently reported closed circuit desalination (CCD) Technology has been successfully demonstrated for nitrate decontamination. The application of the brackish water reverse osmosis- CCD (BWRO-CCD) Technology to feed sources of 98, 144 and 197 ppm NO3 gave the respective amounts of 19, 27 and 45 ppm NO3 in permeates from said sources obtained with 90% recovery at 20°C. The illustrated NO3 rejection finding of the BWRO-CCD Technology, considered in the context of high flux, high recovery, low energy demand and reduced fouling factors may suggest the plausibility of this cost-effective approach for nitrate decontamination of drinking water worldwide.


A visible light excitable (λex = 520 nm), rhodamine-based, perchlorate selective 'turn on' fluorescent probe, RHENTU, is prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The probe is suitable for use in the detection of ClO4− by the naked eye. It is also capable of detecting ClO4− in contaminated living cells under a fluorescence microscope. Common anions viz. F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, N3−, NCO−, NO2−, NO3−, SCN−, CN−, CH3COO−, SO42− and H2PO4− do not interfere with these processes. The binding constant of RHENTU for ClO4− has been determined to be 2.9 × 103 M−1/2 using the Benesi–Hildebrand equation. Addition of ClO4− to RHENTU afforded an intense red emission with a quantum yield (4.5 × 10−2) five times greater than that of free RHENTU. The lowest detection limit (LOD) of RHENTU for ClO4− is 1 × 10−7 M.


Abstract A new method for a water treatment utilizing radicals produced by a discharge inside bubbles in water is proposed. Radicals with short lifetime (atomic oxygen and OH radical) are used effectively for the water purification because those are generated by discharge inside bubbles in water. OH radical production was confirmed by a light emission of the discharge using the spectroscopic technique. Dissolved ozone concentration of about 0.3 mg/1 was obtained when oxygen was used as a bubbling gas. Decolorization process of indigo solution by a discharge inside bubbles in water was investigated.


Abstract Rapid, accurate identification of the lime required to attain a desired pH is essential for the coarse‐textured soils of the Atlantic coastal plain to avoid micronutrient deficiencies (Mn, Zn) in sensitive crops and to insure herbicide efficacy. The University of Delaware Soil Testing laboratory is one of only seven of the 25 states in the Northeastern and Southern regions that does not use a buffer solution to make lime requirement determinations. The present method bases lime recommendations on soil pH in water, combined with an estimate of buffering capacity obtained by hand texturing soils. This approach is time‐consuming and includes the potential for considerable operator variability in obtaining the textural estimate. A study was initiated to compare four buffer solutions (Adams‐Evans, Mehlich, SMP‐single buffer, SMP‐double buffer) with the current approach and the actual lime requirement as determined by incubation of 19 Delaware soils with six rates of CaCO3 for six months. Soil pH effec...


International mass events are accompanied with a risk of emergence and spread of infectious diseases among the guests and participants. Preparation for the 27 th World Summer University Games 2013 in Kazan demanded to mobilize all forces of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and institutions to assess the risk of epidemiological complications during preparation and holding of Student Games. The main directions of epidemiological security of the 27 th World Summer University Games were identified; additional counter-epidemiological measures were developed and introduced. The specialists controlled more than 400 epidemiologically significant venues, conducted additional laboratory studies on environmental factors. The menu for athletes, volunteers and other organized groups was designed and corrected. Members of «risk» groups (more than 10 thousand people) were vaccinated against hepatitis A and dysentery. More than 3 thousand people were surveyed for carrying pathogens of acute intestinal infections. Additional hygienic training was held for the personnel of Universiade venues (4540 people). Targeted measures were taken to address the rise of natural focal infections. The implementation of anti-epidemic measures helped to ensure the sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the Student Games.


Dc to dc converter circuits in an ionizing environment are vulnerable to two common failure modes: overcurrent and second breakdown. This paper presents a study of these failure modes using a combination of laboratory tests, computer simulations, and super flash X-ray (SFXR) tests. Special techniques were used to measure a single load line transition in an actual SFXR environment and to predict these critical operating conditions using a widely distributed circuit analysis computer code. The results of the laboratory electrical tests, digital computer simulations, and SFXR tests were in good agreement, placing confidence in the ability to simulate, measure, and predict the failure modes associated with this type of dc to dc converter in an SFXR environment.


Abstract Most plant species endemic to a rock outcrop system have high constancy to one substrate type. However, the complex geology of the Ozark region of Arkansas and Missouri has promoted a diversity of adaptive strategies and challenged the traditional classifications of edaphic adaptation. For example, the small aromatic mint Satureja arkansana ( =  Calamintha arkansana) has been considered an obligate calciphile, growing abundantly on calcareous rock outcrop communities in the Ozarks and occurring on sandstone outcrops only when plants receive alkaline drainage from nearby calcareous formations. However, we observed in Arkansas that this technically perennial, but functionally winter annual, plant regularly occurs on sandstone outcrops not receiving calcareous effluent. To determine whether this occurrence represented ecotypic specialization or substrate indifference, we compared growth parameters of plants collected from non-alkaline sandstone and calcareous limestone outcrops on their own and the other's native soil. Plants from sandstone outcrops produced significantly greater biomass on native sandstone than on non-native limestone soil. Surprisingly, plants from limestone outcrops also grew better on the non-native sandstone than on their native soil. Other differences in plant growth parameters (e.g., numbers of branches and leaves) between the soil types occurred in both populations and were consistent with the biomass results, although high variances meant that not all parameters were statistically significant. Our results reveal that S. arkansana is not an obligate calciphile, and actually has better growth on sandstone soil, but has a "broad substrate tolerance" that allows success in rock outcrop communities on both substrates.


Publisher: New York : McGraw-Hill Publication date: 1917 Subjects: Electric currents Electric engineering Notes: This is an OCR reprint. There may be numerous typos or missing text. There are no illustrations or indexes. When you buy the General Books edition of this book you get free trial access to Million-Books.com where you can select from more than a million books for free. You can also preview the book there.


Laser radiation scattered at various angles was subjected to a spectral time-resolved study at the fundamental frequency ..omega../sub 0/ and at the frequency of the second harmonic 2..omega../sub 0/. The study was carried out for normal and oblique incidence of the radiation from a single-frequency neodymium laser on plane targets. The processes governing the scattered-light spectrum and the dynamics of a plasma corona were analyzed.


Various changes that occur in the current business environment requires an organization/company to survive and adapt to various changes that occur in the business environment. So companies can survive in the business environment, they must innovate products, expand markets, improve service quality, improve production processes, improve organizational systems, and make cost savings. A company needs to view knowledge as a valuable and strategic resource. With good knowledge management, organizational resources are not easily imitated by business competitors. Knowledge management in this study uses the APO Assessment Tools framework to assess the maturity level of knowledge management of plantation companies. APO Assessment Tools have 7 categories, namely leadership, processes, people, technology, knowledge processes, learning and innovation, and the results of knowledge management. The results showed that knowledge management in plantation companies in Indonesia was approaching maturity.


This paper explores the way that British Parliamentary Debate teaches collaboration to students and critics.  In an effort to address rising polarization in the United States, BP debate is offered as a way to teach, and practice, collaboration.  The paper explores the ways these skills are used by debaters and critics throughout the debate round, looking specifically at cooperation and consensus as tools to achieve collaboration.   British Parliamentary offers distinct characteristics and rules, in contrast to other forms of debate, which lend itself to teaching these concepts throughout the debate.


The behaviour of Model Reference Adaptive Controllers (MRAC) shemes designed in the deterministre framework is analysed and studied in the stochastic environment. The case of discret single input - single output (SISO) minimum phase systems is considered. The analysis, based on the Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) method of Ljung has lead to the development of MRAC designs, allowing the achievment of objectives both in deterministic and stochastic environments.


In a nutshell, the question is whether it is correct to consider that a margin squeeze simply consists, as the U.S .Supreme Court holds in linkLine , in an evaluation of a predatory pricing action (at the retail level) and a duty to deal (at the wholesale level), or whether it should constitute a stand-alone antitrust offence short of a mandatory obligation to deal and/or predation finding, as appears to have been the position taken by the European Commission ("the Commission") and supported by the European Courts.


Advocacy is a relatively new concept in the disability sector in Ireland. The sole aim of this dissertation is to explore the concept of advocacy for people with learning disabilities. In order to explore the concept of advocacy, we will identify and discuss some key definitions of advocacy and the main types and principles of advocacy. Following on from this, we will discuss the development of advocacy both nationally and internationally. This dissertation involved two inter-related methods that took the form of desk-based research and qualitative research. The first three chapters are based on the desk-based research, whereas the fourth chapter is based on the qualitative research and the final chapter consists of recommendations for further research and conclusions for this project. The qualitative research consisted of seven interviews and one focus group. The participants were mainly from the Brothers of Charity Services and the Citizens Information Board. The main finding from this research is that advocacy only began to develop since 2000 but there is still a lot of work to be done to ensure people with learning disabilities get their voices heard.


The randomness and volatility of offshore wind speed make a single prediction model less accurate. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposes a combined offshore wind speed prediction model based on the combination model of orthogonal wavelet transform (OWT) -Long -Short Term Memory Network (LSTM) -Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The OWT is first used to decompose the offshore wind speed series into low-frequency sub-series and high-frequency sub-series to reduce the impact of volatility. The LSTM model is used to predict the high frequency subseries, and the ARIMA model is used to predict the low frequency subseries. Then the prediction results are fused to form a complete prediction of the offshore wind speed series. In addition, K-Medoids algorithm is improved to simulate the extreme weather at sea represented by lightning to further prove the superiority of the combined model. The results show that the combined model has higher prediction accuracy and stronger stability than the single model.


Yeast tRNAlVal alkylation with 2',3'-0-[4-(N-2-chloroethyl-N-methylaminobenzylidene]dpCdpGrpA proceeds within complementary complexes that are formed due to attachment of the reagent to three sequences of tRNAlVal. The acetal bond of the initial product of alkylation has been hydrolyzed to yield beta-[N=methyl-N-(4-formylphenyl) amino]ethyl-tRNAlVal (R-tRNA) that contains from 1 to 3 residues of the specifically modified nucleosides: alkyl adenosine (R-A), R-I and probably R-psi. Individual alkylated oligonucleotides were isolated from R-tRNAlVal pyrimidyl-RNAse digest. The alkylated oligonucleotides correspond to 93% of all modified products. The major component is beta-[N-methyl-N(4-formylphenyl)aminoA1ethyl-A53-G-Tp. This indicates that the reagent is attached to complementary psi-C-G-sequence in the T-loop of tRNAlVal and that alkylation of the third nucleotide counting from the 5'-terminus of the sequence which binds the reagent completely takes place within the complementary complexes. This site of the tRNAlVal is modified quantitatively at 20 degrees and 19-fold excess of the reagent. The alkylation of two other sites of tRNA reaches 50% under these conditions.


The microbiological corrosion of oil and gas pipeline on land,at sea,and under water was introduced.The difference of living environment and corrosion mechanism of different microorganisms was analyzed.The destruction of micro- biological corrosion to metal pipeline and anti-corrosion coating was discussed.Some corresponding protection methods and control parameters for oil and gas pipeline were put forward.


In this work, a secondary effect of alkali-metal post deposition treatment (PDT), an annealing effect, on the CIGS solar cell was studied separately from a main effect of alkalimetals addition. Alkali metals (K, Na) were found to thermally diffuse from soda lime glass substrate into CIGS absorber during the annealing process which resulted in improved minority carrier lifetime (τ). The annealing was also found to enhance In and Ga inter-diffusion modulating Ga grading in CIGS absorber. However, the open circuit voltage (VOC) was not always improved with the annealing due to negative effects of the thermal annealing such as decreased carrier density (NCV) estimated by capacitance voltage measurement. The KF irradiation together with the annealing resulted in improved efficiency mainly due to increased VOC due to increased τ and NCV.


The spectrum of the strongly correlated systems usually shows resonant peaks at finite energy, with examples in the 115 Ce family which are reproduced by the dynamical mean-field theory. A similar structure has been seen recently in the orbitally selective Mott phase of the two-band model, known as the doublon-holon bound state, with implications for the fate of such phase in the zero Hund's coupling limit. We show that these features can be captured with the slave-particle methods once their Hilbert space is taken into account. We use slave-spin calculations, justifiable in the limit of large dimensions, to explicitly demonstrate this and compare the results with dynamical mean-field theory.


A radio frequency band--pass filter used in GSM'S--MS has been studied in this article. A method called "Quick Sieving" used to enhance the efficiency of the optimization program is also proposed. This method can be used in designing radio frequency and low--frequency filters.


Cloud computing is mainly used for storing client information in the server as the cloud storage without overhead of storage and maintenance, which is very helpful for clients because it is pay per use process. Here security is main problem for both client and server. In This paper we describe secure cloud storage with privacy preserving and data dynamics by using Third Party Verifier (TPV). The TPV is used for providing security for both client and server but the third party verifier does not know the data processed by the client and it does not have local copy of content in server. By this it provides privacy for client's data. Our approach provides high performance and security


Background There is evidence that Quality of Life (QoL) of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) has a significant role in ART retention, treatment adherence, and survival. As a result, QoL is becoming increasingly important for policymakers, program implementers, and researchers. However, factors associated with QoL, in a culturally diverse country like Cameroon are unknown. Objective We aimed to assess the QoL of PLHIV on ART and assess the extent to which physical, psychosocial, environmental, and spiritual factors drive QoL. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 PLHIV aged >21 in North-West Cameroon from April to July 2019. Data were collected using WHO-QOL BREF questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results Majority (34.5%) of participants were in the age range of 41–50, with 73% females. The average QoL of the respondents was "good" with mean score of 3.57 on 5 and 71.4% agreed to have satisfactory QoL. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that all six proposed predictors were significantly associated with QoL. Psychological factors made the greatest impact (β = 0.213; p<0.003), followed by physical factors (β = 0.19; p<0.001). Conclusion PLHIV fairly agreed to have good QoL. The QoL was driven by mainly psychological and physical factors and not level of independence. However, the mean score perceptions for the investigated domains were low. Mental health services should consider these predictors when designing strategies to improve the QoL of PLHIV. While this study provides useful insights, other possible drivers of QoL among PLHIV should be investigated.


Abstract We study bifurcations in the Falkner-Skan equation. we show that for positive integer values of the parameter there are bifurcations which create an infinity of periodic and other interesting trajectories. These bifurcations provide a new mechanism for the creation of strange invariant sets in ordinary differential equations, and are co-dimension one.


The Higher Women's (Bestuzhev) Courses in St. Petersburg (Petrograd), which existed from 1878 to 1918, and in 1919 were merged with the former Imperial (First Petrograd) University. In historiography they are rightly called the female faculty of the university. The reason for this was the continued support of the faculty of the male university of a private higher female educational institution. It should also be noted the similarity of the construction of the educational process and almost identical (with rare exceptions) curricula of both universities. The Bestuzhev Courses for many professors and teachers were the place of the creative laboratory (women's universities were often invited to teach the best specialists in their field, not paying attention to their young age, track record or dismissal due to their disagreement with the policy of a particular minister of public education). Since the teaching activity was for many of them the main sphere of self-realization, at the private women's university they received a significant base and wide opportunities. The Bestuzhev Courses were famous for their democratic traditions. The instructors played a leading role in conducting fundamental research and creating scientific schools. By this, they contributed not only to the unity of the male and female academic audience, but also had a beneficial effect on the development of scientific knowledge themselves. Higher Women's Courses had excellently equipped scientific laboratories, classrooms, and extensive library collections, which particularly influenced the development of applied research. In addition, the academic corporation, which dealt with young, talented, hardworking young women, had the opportunity to educate a unique pleiad of the first Russian female scientists who continued the scientific traditions of their Alma mater in their professional activities within the walls of the Highest Women's (Bestuzhev) Courses.


Abstract : A critical assessment has been conducted on more than sixty experimental data sets about vortex breakdown locations over 650 and 700 delta wings at different angles of attack. Test conditions, such as tunnel wall and blockage, model support interference, model geometry and its deformation under load, as well as the methodology used to define breakdown location are examined. A screening process has been conducted to help identify the relative merits of the various data sets and to extract useful, quantitative information from the contradicting database. Aerodynamic and experimental requirements to ensure high quality data are discussed. The requirements for flow quality and data accuracy is farther raised.


The goal of the present work is to describe the Oncogenome model of cancer development, according to which viruses and intracellular bacteria benefit from continuous cell division. Unlimited division of the host cells means unlimited expansion of the living space and possibility for unlimited multiplication of viral и bacterial particles. We call oncogenomes those viruses and bacteria, which could evolve to acquire an ability to affect the System of regulation of cell division. We discuss which genes and systems have to be affected by viruses and bacteria to trigger the unlimited proliferation of the host cells. Data regarding the effect of 9 viruses and 8 bacteria on cell are given. It is suggested that the main reason of cancer development is oncogenome microevolution, which takes place during chronic infection. This microevolution allows oncogenomes to overcome cell resistance and gain the control over cell division, leading to cancer incidence and development.


Atmospheric microplasma (AMP) has gained increasing interest in the past decades due to its simplicity, low temperature, high electron density and abundant active rations. It has been applied in various fields including material synthesis, surface modification, waste purification, and biomaterial deactivation etc. In material synthesis, AMP has successfully fabricated various nanoparticles, especially metals, however, the uniformity and controllability of the fabrication is still a big challenge. In this work, $\text{Pt}_{3}$ Co nanoflowers and Fe-Pt nanoparticles are fabricated by AMP. The effect of fabrication parameters (i.e. plasma discharging duration and components of electrolysis etc.) on the nanostructure properties is studied, and the mechanism of nanoflower formation is discussed. $\text{Pt}_{3}$ Co nanoflowers show promising electrochemical properties to be potentially applied as catalysts in applications like fuel cells and lithium batteries. Fe-Pt nanoparticles show nearly superparamagnetic properties to be potentially utilized in drug delivery and microfluidics.


We report on an atomic thallium laser at 535.0 and 377.6 nm which is pumped by the photodissociation of TlI with the 193‐nm output of an ArF laser. High‐resolution Fabry‐Perot scans of the 535.0‐nm line have shown a structure in the laser spectrum which depends on the Tl inversion density. The energy efficiency for conversion of the pump into thallium laser emission has been measured to be 14±3%.