The mesochronic velocity is the average of the velocity field along trajectories generated by the same velocity field over a time interval of finite duration. In this paper we classify initial conditions of trajectories evolving in incompressible vector fields according to the character of motion of material around the trajectory. In particular, we provide calculations that can be used to determine the number of expanding directions and the presence of rotation from the characteristic polynomial of the Jacobian matrix of mesochronic velocity. In doing so, we show that (a) the mesochronic velocity can be used to characterize dynamical deformation of three-dimensional volumes, (b) the resulting mesochronic analysis unifies instantaneous, finite-time, and asymptotic analyses into a single approach, (c) the two-dimensional mesochronic analysis (Mezic, 2010) extends to three-dimensional state spaces. Theoretical considerations are further supported by numerical computations performed for a dynamical system arising in fluid mechanics, the unsteady Arnold--Beltrami--Childress (ABC) flow.


TNF-� (tumour necrosis factor-� ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with wide-ranging actions on the immune system and is an important mediator in immune-mediated inflammatory disease states, including multiple sclerosis. TNF-� and its receptors are part of a large and complex superfamily of homologous ligands and receptors, whose many biological func- tions overlap. Investigations have demonstrated the effects of TNF-� at various stages of pathology in multiple sclerosis (MS), including oligodendrocyte death, demyelination, immune cell trafficking, cellular proliferation and major histo- compatibility (MHC) antigen expression. Targeting the TNF-� immunobiological pathway successfully ameliorates dis- ease severity in a number of autoimmune inflammatory conditions except for multiple sclerosis. Anti-TNF-� therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) showed mixed results, whereas in MS trials it was deleterious. It is clear that TNF-� also has a beneficial role, especially in neuroprotection and regeneration. A clearer understanding of the protective role of TNF-� may be extrapolated from studies in other inflammatory conditions such as stroke and traumatic brain injury.


ABSTRACT A selective laser melting (SLM) system, which consisted of a fibre laser, a three-dimensional motion platform and a motion control system, was developed in this study. The effect of process parameters on the microstructure evolution of SLMed magnesium parts was investigated. The results revealed that under an irradiation of laser energy density <3.0 J/mm, the powder remained in the discrete state. At a laser energy density 3.0–6.0 J/mm, the powder partially melted and sintered together, yielding incompact tracks. As the energy density increased to 6.0–12.0 J/mm, the powder fully melted forming continuous and smooth tracks. With a further increase in the laser energy density evaporation of the powder occurred. Dense magnesium parts free of pores and cracks were successfully fabricated with the optimal energy density of 10.0 J/mm. The immersion experiment revealed that the degradation product was mainly consisted of Mg(OH)2, which slowed down the degradation rate acting as a protective layer.


In the present study, in 2016-2017 years, a total of 10604 animals including 6031 Morkaraman and 4573 Akkaraman sheep were examined. It was determined that 969 of them had footrot disease and the disease was present in flocks with a rate of 9.14%. According to race-age-sex, percentage calculations were done. It was observed that Morkaraman sheep were more resistant to footrot compared to Akkaraman sheep (%8.47<%10.02) according to the race base. Ca, P, Zn and Cu elements and their amounts were correlated with each other in the blood serums of the diseased and healthy animals and depending on the disease it was recorded that there was an increase in the value of copper, but a decrease in the value of zinc. In this study, animals were divided into five groups to compare the effects of treatments. The group I was treated with Ceftiofur+Flunixin-meglumine, the group II with 10% copper sulphate (CuSO4)+Flunixin-meglumine, the group III with only 10% CuSO4 while the group IV was the control group having no treatment. On the other hand, Group V was given vaccination. Whereas the best treatment was provided in group I (90%); the recovery rate was 60% in the group II and 20% in the group III. An improvement of 10% was achieved in the group IV without treatment. Therefore, it can be inferred that the foot bathing of 10% CuSO4 isn't enough to treat the disease considering the labor, time and expenses. The treatment must be continued with an antibiotic agent. The efficiency of a parenteral Ceftiofur active antibiotic which doesn't pass into milk, with an anti-inflammatory Flunixin-meglumine on treating the disease in a short time is thought to benefit the breeders in many ways in the treatment of the footrot due to easy access to the medicine and application of it by the breeders with peace of mind. In Group V, successful results were obtained from vaccine application. However, application of 10% CuSO4 could be considered as a preventive measure for the prevention of the disease.


The language and hieratic paleography of ostracon present in this chapter are clearly of New Kingdom date. Since line 7 of the text is evidently the end of the text, the inscription probably began on the reverse side, now lost. The apparent sequentiality of lines 4b-5b and perhaps also 5b-6b suggests that the left side is relatively intact, with perhaps a single determinative lost at the end of line 4b and a suffix pronoun at the end of 6b. The scribe apparently wrote six lines on the main surface of the stone, beginning near the right-hand edge of the top. He then wrote the remainder of his text to the right of lines 3b-6b and below line 6b and drew a red line to the right of lines 3b-6b and below line 6b to separate this text from the preceding.Keywords:hieratic paleography; New Kingdom date; ostracon


We recall the basic theory of double vector bundles and the canonical pairing of their duals introduced by the author and by Konieczna and Urbański. We then show that the relationship between a double vector bundle and its two duals can be understood simply in terms of an associated cotangent triple vector bundle structure. In particular we show that the dihedral group of the triangle acts on this triple via forms of the isomorphisms R introduced by the author and Ping Xu. We then consider the three duals of a general triple vector bundle and show that the corresponding group is neither the dihedral group of the square, nor the symmetry group on four symbols.


Construction and microscopic imaging of protein fusions to green fluorescent protein (GFP) have revolutionised our understanding of bacterial structure and function. We have undertaken a systematic study of the localisation of over 100 Bacillus subtilis proteins, following the development of high‐throughput construction and analysis procedures. We focused on proteins linked in various ways to the DNA replication machinery, as well as on proteins exemplifying a range of other cellular functions and structures. The results validate the approach as a way of obtaining systematic protein localisation information. They also provide a range of novel biological insights, particularly through the identification of a number of proteins not previously known to be associated with the DNA replication factory.


This paper examines the periods of time when the prepositions and preposition frames represented by "除" came into being.These prepositions include "除、除去、除掉、除开、除着",etc.They turned up at different times.Their grammaticalization process began during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,and it was not completed until the modern epoch.These prepositions collocate with nouns of locality such as 外,以外,之外 and 而外,thus forming the preposition frames represented by "除".And the times when each of them emerged varied a great deal,lasting from southern and northern dynasties of Wei and Jin to the present era.


The laser triggered sampling method and the fourier interpolative sampling method based on the Brault algorithm are compared. The results show that the fourier interpolative sampling method has lower detection limit and better detection accuracy.


It is a well-known phenomenon that people have difficulties in assessing their ability correctly. Often they overestimate their (relative) abilities. We conduct an experiment to test whether the self-assessment of individuals improves when they receive feedback and there are incentives to make a correct self-assessment. We investigate the subjects' reactions to feedback in several subsequent rounds to see not only if, but also when and how they react. Our main finding is that feedback influences subjects' decisions and can improve their overall self-assessment. The effects, however, depend on the kind of feedback. Furthermore, we observe differences in the reactions of subjects (e.g., to what extent they follow feedback), the robustness of their belief about their relative ability, and how they process feedback.


This paper explores methods for building rapport between Culture orientation and TEFL against the background of Chinese culture. As language and culture are closely associated, by analyzing frequent cultural mistakes in TEFL, the author proposes some techniques, both from micro and macro aspects, to deal with these issues in a scientific way. The ultimate goal is to nurture students' cultural creativity in Chinese cultural context to equip them with the competence to acquire knowledge as well as to communicate in intercultural context.


Leploglossus lonchoides Allen (Heteroptera, Coreidae) causes "fruit fall" in Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. (Palmae) in central Amazonla. Monoculture plantations of pejibaye, B. gusipaes, a domesticated neotropical palm, have suffered from premature fruit fall which has considerably reduced yields in central Amazonia (Manaus, AM,BrazIl) overthe last few years. This fruit fall syndrome is partially, perhaps principally, due to a stink bug, L. bnchoides (Heteroptera, Coreidae). This paper describes the damage, its significance and the insect.


Background:Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is known to diminish corneocyte cohesion at the innermost levels of the stratum corneum and has been used in the treatment of various disorders of keratinization. However, its effect on skin barrier function and irritant potential are not fully elucidated. Recently, cutaneous irritation reactions after 24 hours patch test or after repeated topical application of AHA on normal human skin have been reported. Objective:This study was done to evaluate the skin irritation reactions after chronic cumulative application of 10% AHA solution. Methods:Each aqueous 10% solution of lactic acid and of glycolic acid were applied on volar forearm skin in 30 normal healthy subjects for 13 days. Erythema indices (E-indices) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values were measured at before, 6th day, and 13th day after open application of test solutions. Results: 1. Eight persons (26.7%) dropped out due to severe skin irritation reactions such as erythema, pruritus and bullae formation. 2. There were significant increases in E-indices among before, 6th day values, and 13th day values in both lactic acid and glycolic acid treated groups. E-indices were statistically increased compared to control group at 13th day in both lactic acid and glycolic acid treated groups. Increase of E-indices were more prominent in lactic acid treated group than glycolic acid treated group. 3. There were significant increases in TEWL values among before, 6th day values, and 13th day values in both lactic acid and glycolic acid treated groups. TEWL values were statistically increased compared to control group at 6th day and 13th day in both lactic acid and glycolic acid treated groups. Increase of TEWL values were more prominent in lactic acid treated group than glycolic acid treated group. Conclusion:E-indices and TEWL values were increased after repeated application of 10% AHA solutions on normal human skin and these findings suggest that repeated topical applications of the products containing 10% AHA can cause irritant contact dermatitis. (Korean J Dermatol 2000;38(12):1598~1602)


Inferences about past processes of adaptation and speciation require a gene-scale and genome-wide understanding of the evolutionary history of diverging taxa. In this study, we use genome-wide capture of nuclear gene sequences, plus skimming of organellar sequences, to investigate the phylogenomics of monkeyflowers in Mimulus section Erythranthe (27 accessions from seven species). Taxa within Erythranthe, particularly the parapatric and putatively sister species M. lewisii (bee-pollinated) and M. cardinalis (hummingbird-pollinated), have been a model system for investigating the ecological genetics of speciation and adaptation for over five decades. Across >8000 nuclear loci, multiple methods resolve a predominant species tree in which M. cardinalis groups with other hummingbird-pollinated taxa (37% of gene trees), rather than being sister to M. lewisii (32% of gene trees). We independently corroborate a single evolution of hummingbird pollination syndrome in Erythranthe by demonstrating functional redundancy in genetic complementation tests of floral traits in hybrids; together, these analyses overturn a textbook case of pollination-syndrome convergence. Strong asymmetries in allele-sharing (Patterson's D-statistic and related tests) indicate that gene-tree discordance reflects ancient and recent introgression rather than incomplete lineage sorting. Consistent with abundant introgression blurring the history of divergence, low-recombination and adaptation-associated regions support the new species tree, while high-recombination regions generate phylogenetic evidence for sister status for M. lewisii and M. cardinalis. Population-level sampling of core taxa also revealed two instances of chloroplast capture, with Sierran M. lewisii and Southern Californian M. parishii each carrying organelle genomes nested within respective sympatric M. cardinalis clades. A recent organellar transfer from M. cardinalis, an outcrosser where selfish cytonuclear dynamics are more likely, may account for the unexpected cytoplasmic male sterility effects of selfer M. parishii organelles in hybrids with M. lewisii. Overall, our phylogenomic results reveal extensive reticulation throughout the evolutionary history of a classic monkeyflower radiation, suggesting that natural selection (re-)assembles and maintains species-diagnostic traits and barriers in the face of gene flow. Our findings further underline the challenges, even in reproductively isolated species, in distinguishing re-use of adaptive alleles from true convergence and emphasize the value of a phylogenomic framework for reconstructing the evolutionary genetics of adaptation and speciation. Author Summary Adaptive radiations, which involve both divergent evolution of new traits and recurrent trait evolution, provide insight into the processes that generate and maintain organismal diversity. However, rapid radiations also generate particular challenges for inferring the evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of adaptation and speciation, as multiple processes can cause different parts of the genome to have distinct phylogenetic trees. Thus, inferences about the mode and timing of divergence and the causes of parallel trait evolution require a fine-grained understanding of the flow of genomic variation through time. In this study, we used genome-wide sampling of thousands of genes to re-construct the evolutionary histories of a model plant radiation, the monkeyflowers of Mimulus section Erythranthe. Work over the past half-century has established the parapatric and putatively sister species M. lewisii (bee-pollinated) and M. cardinalis (hummingbird-pollinated, as are three other species in the section) as textbook examples of both rapid speciation via shifts in pollination syndrome and convergent evolution of floral syndromes. Our phylogenomic analyses re-write both of these stories, placing M. cardinalis in a clade with other hummingbird-pollinated taxa and demonstrating that abundant introgression between ancestral lineages as well as in areas of current sympatry contributes to the real (but misleading) affinities between M. cardinalis and M. lewisii. This work illustrates the pervasive influence of gene flow and introgression during adaptive radiation and speciation, and underlines the necessity of a gene-scale and genome-wide phylogenomics framework for understanding trait divergence, even among well-established species.


Factors affecting foreign trade have always been an area of interest. Foreign exchange rates are a variable that comes to the fore due to other factors. In many applied studies, the effects of changes in exchange rates on imports and exports were examined. In many studies, although there are no supporting findings, explanatory and contributing results have been reached. In this study, the volatility of exchange rate was determined by using a new method, Markov Switching ARCH econometrics, and the effect of foreign exchange shocks was investigated. As a result of the regression, it was seen that the import value was affected by the risks caused by the uncertainty of exchange rate.


We have successfully developed a silver@nanoporous copper (Ag@NPC) core−shell nanostructure with open and bicontinuous porosity via a facile in situ hydrometallurgy route. The silver shells with a tunable thickness can be deposited on the ligament surfaces of NPC by displacing and sacrificing copper atoms. It is found that the additives of ammonia and PVP molecules play an important role in controlling the formation kinetics of Ag shells and in retaining three-dimensional nanoporosity during the displacement reaction. The resultant porous nanocomposites exhibit a dramatically improved SERS effect compared with that of the as-prepared NPC, and the enhancement factor strongly depends on the reaction time and Ag shell thickness. This study has significant implications in surface functionalization of nanoporous metals and in developing economic SERS substrates for ultrasensitive instrumentation.


A focusing system for monochromatic beams of charged particles, with magnetic quadrupole fields having common planes of optical symmetry, is treated theoretically. After specifying certain linear focusing properties for such systems, the calculus of variations is applied to obtain systems with minimum aperture aberrations. First order variational theory is applied to obtain the Euler equations that define extremal systems. This derivation gives four second order, coupled, ordinary differential equations. An iterative technique is presented for solving these Euler equations. Second order variational theory shows that the extrema of the aperture aberrations are local minima with respect to other systems having the same specified linear focusing properties. A digital computer was used to calculate a variety of systems with minimum aperture aberrations. Sample calculations are given for systems with magnifications of −1 and −2. General studies are presented for high magnification systems where the lenses are ...


Exports of processed rice have been increasing every year, as well as legislative restrictions and consumer demand for certified chemical free rice, pressing the rice processing industry to new challenges. The objective of this work was the implementation of a Rice Quality Certification Program. The package includes the association of a rigorous sanitation program and safe environmentally friendly control measures. It was accomplished in a large paddy rice facility with 40 silos during the 2008/09 rice crop. Silo sanitation was done by washing with pressurized water the conveyor belt structure above the silo roof, around the externals walls and thorough aspiration of the aeration system. During silo filling, the lower and top portions of the rice grain were treated with a mixture of diatomaceous earth (DE) and powder deltamethrin. Artificial chilling was applied as soon as the top layer of the grain mass was leveled by insufflating cool air (6 to 8oC) with a large cooling machine through the aeration system. The grain mass temperature stabilized at about 12-14oC, and kept this range of temperature for about 60 d. As the temperature of the grain mass increased, mainly on the top layer, aeration was performed with natural air from the cold fronts during the winter months. After 8 months on storage the rice was free of external insects, as proved by the grain sampling just before processing. For the 2009/10 crop season, the rice quality program will be repeated on 60 silos with few adjustments. Keywords : Chilled aeration, Inert dust, Physical insect control, Rice quality maintenance.


About 1455 AD the printing press was invented; two hundred years later the English language underwent spelling control. In another hundred years, in 1755, Samuel Johnson produced one of the first English dictionaries. Thus it took three hundred years from the invention of the first mass reproduction technology associated with language to the provision of a useful reference for language: the dictionary. Today, perhaps the most comprehensive book of its type is the Oxford English Dictionary; it contains over 500,000 words and the third edition is due to be published in 2010. In 1951 not only was the American Name Society inaugurated, but Remington Rand introduced the world's first commercial computer: the UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer). The computer grew up and fell in love with the dictionary and now the OED and other dictionaries are available to any Internet user. Cousins of the dictionary sit on the millions of desktop computers, each of which has vastly more power than the UNIVAC. One cousin is a register of words, which drives the spellchecker, and another is the thesaurus. The words of our language are available; we know what they mean, where they came from, how to pronounce them, and how to replicate them in text without error. We also have a host of automated tools including grammatical and style advice, autocorrect, automatic typing from dictation, and suchlike. We may conclude that, although everything can be improved, it looks like the writer can be left to concentrate on the content. Well, almost. I ran the MS-Word 97 spellchecker on this text and it balked at Remington. It didn't recognize it. Remington, a name that conjures up images of computers, typewriters, small arms, and cowboy art, halts the spellchecker, although it has no difficulty with Microsoft. Remington, for which the search engine Google produced "about 230,000 (hits) ... in 0.31 seconds."


Laser and radar technology is an area of interest in the field of military research. Currently military services face many challenges in maintaining financial stability and sustainability in training phases. Military trainings exercises focus mainly on strengthening the simulation culture rather than focusing on theoretical aspects. In the sphere of military radars, simulators play very important roll with regard to low cost and lesser risk. In this research we focus on implementing a mathematical model for radar simulation in 3D maritime environment with dynamic perceptions. The proposed approach takes the 3D environment as the input and maps the objects via electromagnetic wave properties. It captures the surrounding environment and gives the 2D visualization of the 3D environment as the end result. This approach uses efficient techniques by embedding the optical phenomena of reflection, refraction, polarization and attenuation in wave propagation.


The COVID-19 pandemic broke the normal of school education and sounded the horn for future education reform. This paper designs the online and offline mixed teaching mode of the SPOC platform in the postpandemic era according to the actual situation of teaching at application-oriented colleges and universities, and the blended teaching mode is applied to real teaching scenarios. The teaching effect and students' behaviors are analyzed in such scenarios. Empirical research shows that the situational teaching model based on mixed SPOC for course design, teaching resources are more abundant, and task assessments are more reasonable. Through the questionnaire survey, about 95% of the students think that the learning mode based on SPOC has improved their learning interest, autonomous learning ability, and problem-solving ability, which is much higher than the assessment of traditional courses. The exploratory practice has shown that the online and offline blended teaching mode based on SPOC can dramatically improve teaching quality.


A major focus of much work of the group (as it has been since the City University Okapi work) is the development and refinement of basic ranking algorithms. The workhorse remains the BM25 algorithm; recently [3, 4] we introduced a field-weighted version of this, allowing differential treatment of different fields in the original documents, such as title, anchor text, body text. We have also recently [2] been working on ways of analysing the possible contributions of static (query-independent) evidence, and of incorporating them into the scoring/ranking algorithm. Finally, we have been working on ways of tuning the resulting ranking functions, since each elaboration tends to introduce one or more new free parameters which have to be set through tuning. We used all these techniques successfully in our contribution to the Web track in TREC 2004 [4]. This year's relatively modest TREC effort is confined to applying essentially the same techniques to rather different data, in the Enterprise Track's known item (KI) and discussion search (DS) experiments. The main interest is whether we can identify some fields and features that lead to an improvement over a flat-text baseline, and as a side effect to verify that our ranking model can deliver the benefit.


Gels have been prepared via hydrolysis–condensation reactions of triethoxysilane (TREOS) and methyldiethoxysilane (MDES) in various ratios. The hydrolysis–condensation reactions of the precursors have been investigated by 29Si and 17O solution NMR. Both precursors present a very high reactivity towards hydrolysis and condensation reactions, and formation of co-condensed species will be discussed. These highly reactive precursors lead to transparent gels over a large composition range, 0.1 ⩽ MDES:TREOS ⩽ 10. Their structure was investigated by 29Si MAS NMR, FTIR and DSC: the gels appear as highly condensed homogeneous systems in which the difunctional and trifunctional units are randomly distributed. The microstructure of the gels was also investigated through the measurement of specific surface area and skeletal density. Finally, some physical properties have also been measured such as thermal stability in O2 and inert atmosphere (Ar), coefficient of thermal expansion (α) and elastic modulus (E).


This paper reviewed the progress in identification and classification under abroad and domestic background,analyzed the situation of identification and classification for major hazard installations in CAPF,and defined the concept of "major hazard installation" from interior,exterior and organization.It probed into some measures about definition for major hazard installations in CAPF and formulating standard on identification and classification,and put forward some suggestions for the future research.


Screw having a structure that engages the bone (12, 112, 212) includes a shaft (26, 226) comprising threads (32) interior and (34,234). Internal chamber (34,234) is in fluid communication with one or more ports (36) along the axis (26, 226). Polymeric material (16) is given together with the screw (12, 112, 212). After the screw (12, 112, 212) is embedded in the bone, energy is converted added to the material more fluid state, in this state, the polymeric material (16), the internal chamber (34,234 ) is flowed from flowing out one or more ports (36), to reinforce flow into the bone material.


Dillow describes the Emma Lake Workshops and their impact. Lists workshop leaders (1955-73) and selected participants. Biographical notes. 13 bibl. ref.


GoveaS, S. W., R. Madtha, S. K. NivaS and L. d'Souza, 2011. isolation of endophytic fungi from Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colber. a red listed endangered medicinal plant. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 17: 767-772 enumeration of the endophytic fungi from the red listed, critically endangered medicinal plant, Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr., was investigated for the first time. The ubiquitous presence of 41 endophytic fungi belonging to sixteen different taxa was isolated from 195 samples of healthy leaves and stem using traditional morphological methods. the overall colonization rate of endophytes in both the leaf and the stem was found to be 21.02%. The stem showed low percentage frequency of colonization of the endophytic fungi when compared to leaf segments. Among the endophytic flora, Phomopsis jacquiniana was found to be the core-group fungus with a colonization frequency of 4.6%.


In the POWER studies, 11 protease mutations were found to be associated with resistance to darunavir, and the presence of 3 or more of these mutations


This article seeks to characterize Titus Livius moral discourse. We suggest the possibility that,even though his moral discourse could, on the whole, be labeled as traditional, it displays some fractures that challenge its uniformity and homogeneity.

Keywords: moral discourse, Augustus, Politics.


Evaluation of: Cappola AR, Hawkes WG, Blocher N et al.: The hormonal profile of hip fracture female patients differs from community-dwelling peers over a 1-year follow-up period. Osteoporos. Int. (2010) (Epub ahead of print). The article being evaluated compares profiles of circulating IGF-1, parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D and osteocalcin (OC) prospectively over 12 months in hip fracture patients and matched frail elderly controls. PTH, osteocalcin and IGF-1 levels rose steadily in the fracture patients; IGF-1 remained lower than in the controls at all time points, whereas OC and PTH were initially similar in the two groups, becoming greater over 12 months in the fracture group. 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D was similar in both groups and did not change. Vitamin D insufficiency has previously been documented in both cohorts. Although the authors did not control for factors such as calcium intake and bisphosphonate use, these results give useful insights into biochemical changes post-hip fracture. Th...


Kodandaramireddy Nalapareddy, Aaheli Roy Choudhury*, Anne Gompf, Zhenyu Ju, Satyavani Ravipati, Thomas Leucht, André Lechel & K. Lenhard Rudolph 1Department of Molecular Medicine, and Max Planck Research Group on Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany, and 2Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China


While many studies focus on the persistence of coastal wetlands under climate change, similar predictions are lacking for new wetland establishment, despite being critical to restoration. Recent experiments revealed that marsh seedling establishment is driven by a balance between physical disturbance of bed‐level dynamics and seedling root stability. Using machine learning, we quantitatively translate such finding in a new biogeomorphic model to assess marsh establishment extent. This model was validated against multiyear observations of natural seedling‐expansion events at typical sites in the Netherlands and China. Subsequently, synthetic modeling experiments underscored that seedling expansion was primarily determined by controllable local conditions (e.g., sediment supply, local wave height, and tidal flat bathymetry) rather than uncontrollable climate change factors (e.g., change in sea‐level and global wave regime). Thus, science‐based local management measures can facilitate coastal wetland restoration, despite global climate change, shedding hope for managing a variety of coastal ecosystems under similar stresses.


Better known under the name of Averroes, Ibn Rushd was born in Cordoba in 1126, and died in Marrakesh in 1198. Renowned for his commentaries on Aristotle, he is often presented as one of the archetypal figures of Al-Andalus. Alain de Libera invites us to take a closer look at this philosopher. He first takes us through an "archeological" study: beginning with the Averroes established by the Venetian edition of 1562 and going back, layer by layer—primarily through those of Averroes' works translated into Latin and gradually saddled with theories (monopsychism, dual truth) that were in fact attributable to the Latin anti-Averroists—to the Averroes of the twelfth century. He thus offers a (re) "reading" unencumbered by both the "black" and "golden" legends: Averroes was neither a "thinker of tolerance," nor a "moderate Muslim," nor an "Enlightenment man," but "a Muslim intellectual of the second half of the twelfth century engaged in radical religious reform, in the service of an authoritarian political power." The Averroes of "today" is no less important, as the philosopher sought to "protect believers from false religious 'scholars.'" For Alain de Libera, "modern Averroism is still relevant. It remains to be invented."


King Gehler Judy G. Technology has enabled small businesses to make the transition from traditional classroom training to online training. This same technology has enabled employees to have access to just-in-time training that fits within their time restraints and provides them with a learner controlled environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze one small northern Wisconsin business with seasonal employees geographically dispersed throughout eleven states that made the transition from traditional classroom training to online training. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the online training, employee's satisfaction with the online training and the cost savings as a result of online training. A survey instrument was developed to collect data from the seasonal employees as they completed the online training. To make a successful transition from traditional classroom training to online training, a small business must look beyond the initial cost savings and find the value of retaining a skilled seasonal workforce that can meet the current and future business goals.


The importance of the research lies in the identification of psychological frequency and some psychological features that players face in taekwondo competitions and to find the degree of correlation between them, and the problem of the research was through the work of researchers in the field of the taekwondo game. One of them has different psychological characteristics from the other, so the researchers decided to study this problem by determining this frequency, determining the psychological characteristics, and then knowing the relationship between them and whether there is an effect of one of them on the other to develop appropriate solutions in the service of Taekwondo players, and the research objectives were to prepare the psychological frequency scale, And the identification of psychological frequency and some psychological features of advanced Taekwondo players, and knowledge of the relationship between psychological frequency and some psychological features of advanced Taekwondo players, the researchers used the descriptive approach on some Taekwondo players in the Najaf Sports Club for the sports season (2019-2020) of (30) A player through the results of the results, the researchers reached the following conclusions. The players of the Iraqi Premier League with Taekwondo appeared as having an amputation. A weak psychological and high self-confidence trait, which increased their motivation for achievement in the competition, the players showed high psychological energy optimal for advanced Taekwondo players, which reduced their psychological reluctance to compete, and the presence of an inverse moral correlation between psychological hesitation and some psychological features (self-confidence - psychological fluency ) For players of the Premier League Taekwondo.


We demonstrate that semiconducting CdF2 crystals doped with indium is an efficient medium for optical storage of information in static and dynamic regimes. A metastable phototransformation of 1018 cm−3 In centers from a localized deep state to a hydrogenlike shallow state leads to a change of the refractive index Δn of about 10−4 for the probe beam at the wavelength of 500 nm. The diffraction efficiency is temperature dependent due to spontaneous decay of the grating caused by thermal recovery of the In impurity from the metastable hydrogenic state to the localized ground state.


A first continuous sheet of thermoplastic, between the thermoplastic of the second continuous sheet while the elastic member is inserted, and carry a composite sheet comprising a fixed with thermoplastic adhesive in the conveying direction, low by cutting the elastic member in at least one position in the transport direction in a region corresponding to the expansion area has a forming side by side and high elasticity region and low-stretch region in the transport direction in the composite sheet. In forming, as at least one of the temperature of the rotating body of the cutter rotor and the anvil rotating body rotating to face the outer peripheral surface of each other is less than the melting point of the adhesive, the heating member rotator together are heated, between the cutter rotor and the anvil rotating body, when the composite sheet passes along the conveying direction, the cutter blade of the outer peripheral surface of the cutter rotor and the anvil rotating body a composite sheet by nipping, in pressed pressed position in the composite sheet, while forming the crimped portion of the first continuous sheet and the second continuous sheet, cutting the elastic member.


Suppose U is an arbitrary set, W is a subset of n-dimensional real Hilbert space $R^n$, $P:U \times R^n \to R$, and for each $u \in U$, $P(u, {\bf x})$ is a polynomial in ${\bf x}$ of degree p or less. We give an algorithm for calculating $(\sup P|U \times W)$ and $(\inf P|U \times W)$ if algorithms are available which calculate $\sup \{ P(u,{\bf x}):u \in U\} $ and $\inf \{ P(u,{\bf x}):u \in U\} $ for each ${\bf x} \in W$. If W is bounded, the method works for all P, and if W is unbounded it works for "almost all" P in a well-defined sense. The method can be extended to certain nonpolynomial functions. For polynomials, the method is based on apparently new polynomial inequalities deduced from a sharp form of Bernstein's inequality. Specializing the set U makes it possible to treat vector-valued and matrix-valued polynomials. For large n and p, the method appears to be numerically better conditioned than the generalization of Sturm's root-counting algorithm to $R^n $.


Dynamic stresses in an arbitrarily thick elastic cylinder in an infinite elastic medium during the passage of plane, compressional, harmonically time-varying waves are investigated. Dynamic stresses around the cylinder in the elastic medium are also determined. Numerical results for two different cylinders with ratios of outer radius and inner radius ranging from 1.05 to 1.20 are presented in dimensionless form. It is demonstrated that the maximum dynamic stresses in both the cylinder and the medium are 10% to 20% higher than their corresponding static values. It is noted that the maximum values of dynamic stresses obtained under the harmonically varying waves are identical to the maximum values obtained under the step-pulse loading, both for the unlined cavity and for the thin-shell lining case. Thus, it is believed that the values presented in the paper can be used for design purposes.


The results of researching of the leaching of niobium- and tantalum-containing raw materials by solutions of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acids are presented. Researching have been carried out on the solvent extraction purification and separation of niobium and tantalum from their fluoride-sulfuric acid solutions to obtain niobium oxides and tantalum oxides of the required quality using octanol-1 as an extractant. The possibility of recycling waste technological sulphate-fluoride solutions with the production of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is shown. Information on the work on the use of pyrohydrolysis as a reagentless method for the isolation of products and the regeneration of hydrofluoric acid is presented.


Calculations suggest that nutrient transport through the soil to roots by mass flow accounts for less than 22, 37, and 80%, respectively, of the N, K, and Ca uptake by a Douglas-fir stand growing on a nitrogen-deficient soil derived from glacial outwash. Diffusion and dispersion, though limited by soil water content, are evidently especially important in nitrogen transport to root systems in this soil.


In this paper we demonstrate the various ways in which Lie symmetry group and integral transform methods can be combined and applied to solve some important types of problems in the theory of diffusion processes. We may compute various kinds of transition probability densities, as well as densities for diffusions which are conditioned to be either reflecting or absorbed at some boundary. Reflection and absorption for squared Bessel processes on the line x = a is studied. We also show how various first hitting times may be computed. We study some higher dimensional diffusions and show how transform methods can be used to extend some one dimensional results to higher dimensions. We also produce a general formula for the sums of certain one dimensional processes. Finally, we introduce what seems to be a new class of processes which have nearly exact densities.


Four field tests were made with 1st- and 2 with 2nd-generation Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) on field corn during 1966 and 1967 to compare the control obtained with 27 chemicals applied at various rates and in several formulations. Chemicals producing control equal to that obtained with 1 lb DDT per acre (pounds active ingredient per acre in parentheses) were: phorate (1), diazinon (1), Dursban® (O,O -diethyl 0-3,5,6 -trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) (0.25), Furadan® (Niagara NIA-10242) (2,3-dihydro-2-2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate) (0.25), EPN (O -ethyl O-p -nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate) (0.25), Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) (0.50), Gardona® (Shell SD-8447)-(2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate) (0.75), Hercules 14503 (O,O -diethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with N -(2-chkoro-1-mercaptoethyl)-phthalimide) (1.25), American Cyanamid CL-47470 (cyclic propylene (diethoxyphosphinyl) dithioimidocarbonate) (1), Stauffer N-2790 (O -ethyl S -phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) (0.75), parathion (0.5), a mixture of parathion + endrin (0.5 + 0.1), and a mixture of parathion + heptachlor (0.5 + 0.5).


The United States Department of Homeland Security has identified 16 critical infrastructure sectors that employ computing, technology and engineering students. However, most undergraduate curricula in these disciplines do not incorporate the fundamentals of critical infrastructure protection (CIP) into their curricula in a meaningful way. This paper describes the design, development, and usage of a modular curricular framework for integrating CIP into undergraduate programs via self-contained interdisciplinary course modules; a course module is a distinct curricular unit such as a lab or teaching component for use by an instructor in existing courses without requiring any course or program modifications. The framework is designed for use in multiple disciplines, and the modules are designed for presentation at different levels of the undergraduate experience, with subsequent modules built on those presented earlier. In addition, the paper discusses assessment results obtained from the validation of the framework and modules over the past three years that covered 345 students at the community college and university levels.


Waste disposals are covered with high density and highly saturated clay layers, which prevent rain penetration through waste into groundwater. These layers without monitoring are overdesigned to achieve long term performance. In case of a containment control, which means water content control, the construction can be less expensive and defects can be selectively repaired. We developed a new subsurface moisture sensor system, which locates a water content change of 2% with an accuracy of 4 m in a clay layer on a field of 2000 m2. It consists of a network of unshielded high-frequency transmission lines, installed during the disposal construction. The electromagnetic propagation along these lines is affected by the dielectric coefficient of the surrounding media which is strongly related to its water content. Usually, soil moisture sensors with Time-Domain- Reflectometry (TDR) are much shorter than 1 m. By dielectric measurements on several soil types and by an advanced model of the effective line parameters in soil, we could design transmission lines with lengths up to 20 m. Additional coupling zones between lines are used to economize connecting cables and to enhance the space resolution. TDR methods have been found less accurate than appropriate frequency domain methods performed with a network analyzer. The demonstrated moisture distribution maps of this test field show small local and seasonal variation since 1997.


Introduction: Infections in left ventricular assist devices (LVAD's) are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, differentiating between deep and superficial infections could be very cumbersome. In this case series, we describe our single center experience using 18 F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of LVAD infections. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, we reviewed all consecutive HeartMate II (n=51) patients in our tertiary referral center. 18 F-FDG PET/CT was done in 9 patients (7 males; mean age 53 ± 15 years) with suspected LVAD infections. Results: The median duration of LVAD support was 134 days [range 24-645 days] before 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed. The mean age was 54 ± 15 years with 78% males. The primary indications for LVAD implantation were bridge-to-transplant (8/9) and destination therapy (1/9). Nine patients with suspected LVAD infection, either pump or driveline with 33% has positive blood cultures, 44 % had positive wound cultures. In 33% we performed the 18 F-FDG PET/CT at short term (within 90 days postoperative) and in 67% the 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at longer term follow-up. In all, 18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed to establish and determine the extent of LVAD infections, within 67% there were unexpected extensive deep infections. In 2/9 patients, 18 F-FDG PET/CT could rule out any LVAD infections, both very early (24 and 29 days) in the postoperative phase. Conclusions: In this case series of nine LVAD patients, 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging differentiated excellently between deep and superficial LVAD infections as earlier as 3 weeks post-implantation.


While many physicians don their white coat to care for those in need, they are confronted by a system that has stolen their autonomy and relegated them to the silent position of "provider."


Abstract Background In patients with phenylketonuria, the central nervous system is adversely affected by noncompliance with diet. The levels of phenylalanine and many different amino acids (AAs) in the plasma of patients with phenylketonuria can be measured simultaneously. Objectives To measure the blood plasma levels of neurotransmitter AAs in a cohort of patients in Sanliurfa province, Turkey, with phenylketonuria for use as a support parameter for the follow-up of patients. Methods The phenylketonurics that we followed (n = 100) were divided into 2 groups according to their compliance with their dietary treatment. Plasma AA analysis results of phenylketonurics were compared with those of healthy children in a control group (n = 50). Results In the diet incompliant group (n = 56), the mean levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA; 0.96 ± 1.07 μmol/L) and glycine (305.1 ± 105.19 μmol/L) were significantly higher than those in the diet compliant group (n = 44; GABA P = 0.005, glycine P < 0.001) and in the control group (GABA and glycine P < 0.001), whereas the mean levels of glutamic acid (39.01 ± 22.94 μmol/L) and asparagine (39.3 ± 16.89 μmol/L) were lower (P < 0.001) in the diet incompliant group. A positive correlation was observed between the levels of phenylalanine and GABA and glycine. A negative relationship was found between the levels of phenylalanine and glutamic acid and asparagine. Conclusions A relationship exists between the levels of plasma phenylalanine in a cohort of phenylketonurics in Sanliurfa province, Turkey, and the levels of some excitatory and inhibitory AAs. Excitatory and inhibitory AA levels in plasma may be used as support parameters in the follow-up of patients with phenylketonuria.


n-channel MOSFETs with reoxidized nitrided oxides (RNOs) are compared to conventional oxides with respect to their susceptibility to latent damage from electrostatic discharge (ESD) and ESD-like events. It is shown, using both ESD events and simulated ESD events by snapback, that the RNO devices have substantially better resistance to latent damage from such events. The increased resistance is explained by the robustness of the nitrided oxides both to interface state generation and to oxide trap creation by hot-hole injection. It is concluded that, along with hot-carrier resistance, the RNO robustness to latent ESD damage is another advantage of this technology.<<ETX>>


The prevention of the drift of particles in the axial direction of a toroidal magnetic bottle was investigated by the single-particle orbit theory. Displacement of the particle in the axial direction per rotation was calculated for a twodimensional problem where the magnetic field is independent of the coordinate in the axial direction. A necessary condition for the confinement of particles in a bottle like a stellarator is given in an ictegro-differential equation for the general case of an arbitrary magnetic field. Such a necessary condition was solved in an analytical form for one typical magnetic field of toroidal configuration. Simplified calculation of a condition for eliminating the drift effect due to a dipole change separation in a toroidal discharge tube is outlined. Finally, a discharge tube consisting of four toroidal sections is discussed as a design suitable to eliminate drift due to the quadrupole charge separation. (JPRS)


This paper analyzes a number of issues related to future enlargement of the EU. The paper considers motivations for applying to join the EU, and the potential applicants from the Mediterranean, Eastern and Central Europe. The conclusion examines the impacts that these enlargements may have upon the EU, and the choices and problems that these impacts may present.


The Santaipo lithological association is a set of structural melange discovered recently. The Early Carboniferous conodont has been collected in the marbleized limestone. This set of rocks are the structural melange in the Ailaoshan fault zone between Yangzi paraplatform and Tanggula-Changdu-Lanping-Simao fold system, which experienced at least 4 periods of deformation-metamorphism. According to the protolith restoration and the metamorphic relict farbric, it is characterized by the ophiolite suite and the fault zone must be a plate subduction zone(suture). The discovery of Santaipo lithological association provides a base for the study of geological development and evolution of the south section of Ailaoshan orogenic zone.


One Low-Temperature Plasma. General Information.- 1.1. Quasineutrality. Debye Screening.- 1.2. Ideal Plasma.- 1.3. Equilibrium Plasma.- 1.4. Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium. Elementary Processes.- 1.5. Features of the Transport Phenomena.- 1.6. Nonequilibrium Low-Temperature and High-Temperature Plasmas.- Two Elementary Processes in a Low-Temperature Plasma.- 2.1. Elastic Collisions.- 2.1.1. Coulomb Collisions.- 2.1.2. Elastic Scattering of Electrons by Atoms and Molecules.- 2.2. Inelastic Collisions of Electrons with Atoms, Ions, and Molecules.- 2.2.1. Excitation and Quenching by Electron Impact.- 2.2.2. Electron Impact Ionization and Ternary Recombination (Electron-Ion-Electron).- 2.2.3. Excitation of Vibrational and Rotational States of Molecules by Electron Impact.- 2.3. Inelastic Collisions with Heavy Particles.- 2.3.1. Excitation and Quenching.- 2.3.2. Ionization and Three-Particle Recombination.- 2.3.3. Associative Ionization and Dissociative Recombination.- 2.3.4. Processes Forming Molecular Ions.- 2.3.5. Charge Transfer.- 2.3.6. Formation of Negative Ions.- 2.4. Elementary Radiative Processes.- 2.4.1. Bound-Bound Transitions.- 2.4.2. Photoionization and Radiative Recombination.- 2.5. Average Energy Transferred to an Atom in Collisions.- 2.5.1. Energy Transfer in Elastic Collisions of Atoms with Electrons.- 2.5.2. Energy Transfer in Inelastic Collisions of Electrons with Atoms.- 2.5.3. Diffusion Coefficients for a Weakly Bound Electron in the Energy Space of the Atom.- Three Radiative Transport of Excitation.- 3.1. Basic Characteristics of Radiative Excitation Transport.- 3.2. Radiative Excitation Transport Equation.- 3.3. Effective-Lifetime Approximation.- 3.4. Radiative Excitation Transport in an Inhomogeneous Medium.- 3.5. Domain of Application of the Theory.- Four Criteria for the Onset of Nonequilibrium States.- 4.1. Criterion for Detachment of the Electron Temperature.- 4.2. Criterion for Equilibrium Ionization and for an Equilibrium Distribution of the Atoms over Levels.- 4.3. Criterion for the Breakdown of the Maxwellian Distribution.- Five Population Kinetics of Excited States.- 5.1. Qualitative Picture of the Population Distribution in a Nonequilibrium Plasma.- 5.2. System of Kinetic Balance Equations for the Populations of Excited States.- 5.3. Numerical Methods of Solving the System of Kinetic Equations for the Populations.- 5.4. Diffusion Approximation.- 5.5. Discrete Methods and the Modified Diffusion Approximation.- 5.5.1. Single-Quantum Approximation.- 5.5.2. Single-Quantum Approximation with Allowance for Radiative Transitions, the Predominant-Sink Model.- 5.5.3. Modified Diffusion Approximation.- 5.6. Comparison of the Populations Found Analytically with the Results of Computer Calculations and Experiments.- 5.7. Influence of Atom-Atom Collisions on the Population Distribution.- 5.8. Allowance for Sources of Excited Atoms in the System of Balance Equations.- 5.8.1. Processes of External Population of an Excited Level.- 5.8.2. Processes Which Destroy Excited States.- 5.9. Features of the Impact-Radiation Kinetics in a Rarefied Plasma.- 5.10. Some Applications of the Theory.- 5.10.1. Determining the Electron Temperature and Density from the Measured Populations of Excited States.- 5.10.2. Population Inversion in the Recombinational Decay of a Plasma.- Six Kinetics of Ionization and Recombination.- 6.1. Elementary Kinetics of Ionization and Recombination.- 6.1.1. Electron-Impact Ionization and Ternary Recombination.- 6.1.2. Ionization and Recombination in Collision with Heavy Particles.- 6.1.3. Penning Ionization.- 6.1.4. Associative Ionization and Dissociative Recombination.- 6.1.5. Radiative Recombination.- 6.1.6. Dielectronic Recombination.- 6.1.7. Recombination of Positive and Negative Ions.- 6.2. Basic Kinetic Equations for Ionization and Recombination and the Results of Their Numerical Solution.- 6.2.1. Definition of the Ionization and Recombination Coefficients.- 6.2.2. Results of Numerical Determination of the Ionization and Recombination Coefficients.- 6.3. Coefficients of Impact-Radiative Recombination in the Diffusion and Modified Diffusion Approximations.- 6.3.1. The Diffusion Approach in the Kinetics of Recombination and Ionization.- 6.3.2. Coefficients of Impact-Radiative Ionization and Recombination in the Modified Diffusion Approximation.- 6.3.3. Comparison with Experimental Data and Numerical Results.- 6.3.4. Influence of Collisions with Heavy Structureless Particles on the Ionization and Recombination Coefficients.- 6.3.5. Impact-Dissociative Recombination and Impact-Associative Ionization.- 6.4. Electron Density under Steady Nonequilibrium Conditions.- 6.4.1. Equation for the Nonequilibrium Electron Density.- 6.4.2. Discussion of the Experimental Data and Comparison with Theoretical Results.- Seven Electron Energy Distribution and Energy Balance.- 7.1. Kinetic Equation and the Electron Energy Balance.- 7.1.1. Weakly Ionized Plasma.- 7.1.2. Highly Ionized Plasma.- 7.2. Inelastic Collisions. Their Influence on the Electron Energy Balance, Excitation Rate, and Ionization.- 7.2.1. Inelastic Collision Integral. Energy Loss in Inelastic Collisions.- 7.2.2. The Distribution Function and the Rate of Excitation and Ionization in a Highly Ionized Plasma.- 7.2.3. Rate of Excitation and Ionization and the Distribution Function in a Weakly Ionized Plasma.- 7.2.4. Distribution Function in the Presence of a Source of Fast Electrons.- 7.3. Self-Consistent Distributions for Electrons over Energies and Atoms over Excited States.- 7.3.1. Self-Consistent Distributions of Atoms over Levels and Electrons over Energies.- 7.3.2. Influence of a Non-Maxwellian Distribution on the Coefficient of Impact-Radiative Ionization.- 7.4. Electron Energy Distribution in a Strong Electric Field.- 7.4.1. Electron Energy Distribution in a Weakly Ionized Plasma.- 7.4.2. Townsend Ionization Coefficient.- Eight Transient Nonequilibrium Plasmas.- 8.1. Criteria of Quasisteadiness.- 8.1.1. Quasisteadiness in the Excited States.- 8.1.2. Quasisteadiness of the Electron Temperature.- 8.2. Ionizational Relaxation.- 8.2.1. Ionization Growth during Optical Heating and behind Shock Fronts.- 8.2.2. Recombinational Decay of a Plasma.- 8.2.3. Recombination of Electrons in an Expanding Plasma.- 8.3. Radiation from Transient Plasmas.- 8.4. Relaxation of the Distribution Function.- 8.5. Instabilities of a Nonequilibrium Plasma in an External Electric Field.- 8.5.1. Ionizational Instability of a Highly Nonequilibrium Plasma.- 8.5.2. Overheating Instability of the Electron Gas.- Nine Some Topics in the Kinetics of Molecular Plasmas.- 9.1. Electron Energy Balance.- 9.2. Electron Energy Distribution Function.- 9.3. Distribution of Molecules over Vibrational Levels.- 9.3.1. Quasiequilibrium. The Structure of the Vibrational Distribution.- 9.3.2. Steady-State Distribution in the Case of Strong Excitation.- 9.3.3. Vibrational Energy Balance.- 9.4. Electron-Ion Recombination in Molecular Gases.- 9.4.1. Recombination Accompanied by the Excitation of Molecular Rotations.- 9.4.2. Recombination Accompanied by Excitation of Molecular Vibrations.- 9.4.3. Limits of Applicability. Comparison with Experiment.- 9.5. Some Topics in the Kinetics of Atomic-Molecular Plasmas.- Appendixes.- Appendix 1. Values of the Level-Population Coefficients of Atomic Hydrogen.- Appendix 2. Differential and Finite-Difference Fokker-Planck Equations.- Appendix 3. Energy Level Schemes of Atoms.- Appendix 4. Sample Calculation of the Populations of Excited Atoms in the Modified Diffusion Approximation.- References.


The article presents data on the etiology, pathogenesis, characteristic features of clinical manifestations and diagnostics of conditions leading to the appearance of the floppy infant symptom complex. This pathological condition does not have a single nosological form and is characterized by severe muscle hypotonia. Depending on the severity of muscle hypotension and muscle weakness, a central or peripheral mechanism for the development of hypotension can be assumed. Considering that more than 100 diseases can hide behind the mask of a floppy infant syndrome, a clear algorithm for the differential diagnosis of muscle hypotension is required. The article presents literature data on the possible diagnosis of various conditions accompanied by muscular hypotension during neonatal period, and highlights the necessary range of examinations for various types of central and peripheral hypotension. Early verification of the diagnosis can help not only avoid death, but also significantly improve the quality of life of the child. A clinical observation of the Prader–Willi syndrome is presented, demonstrating the possibilities of differential diagnosis of the floppy infant syndrome in the conditions of the perinatal center.


Component-Based Software (CBS) technology has potential impact on the evolution of software development. One of the dominant questions while designing CBS is to preserve its quality in which reliability plays a crucial part. Therefore prognosis of reliability of Component-Based Software System (CBSS) is difficult because mostly components are of black type so the prediction of the emergent properties like reliability is particularly quite difficult. In this paper, we propose a reliability estimation model noted as Component-Based Reliability Model (CBRM) to assess the reliability of individual components and after integration of components, i.e. based on two factors: component reliability (CR) and average number of interaction failures.


Not available. Key words: Strong Earthquakes;  Himalayan Seismic Belt; Algorithm CN Tribhuvan University Journal Volume XVI, 1993 Page: 1-11 Uploaded date: 3 October, 2010


Aiming at small high-speed rotating machines, this paper proposes a Lorentz force type self-bearing motor, where a new four-pole winding configuration is used to make it function both as a synchronous permanent-magnet motor and as a magnetic bearing. Due to using Lorentz force dominantly, the proposed motor has some good points such as linearity of control force and facility of design and analysis. And compared with the 8-pole type previously developed, it is advantageous at high speed. Focusing on the feasibility of the proposed motor, this paper introduces a prototype, which is manufactured in disk type with an outer rotor and successfully run up to 12600rpm without contact. Static and dynamic characteristics of the prototype are examined.


In this paper, we analyse the announcement effect of 367 Japanese convertible bond issues from 1992 to 2002. This study is the first that provides CB announcement effect results from Japanese issuers that are consistent with the results from US issuers. In previous studies, CB announcements in Japan have been met with positive or neutral share price performance whereas negative share price returns resulted in the US. Secondly, we provide a new multivariate regression model that quantifies the impact that key variables have on the strength of the CB announcement effect in Japan. Finally, we review and critique a variety of explanatory variables that have been discussed in the financial literature.


An 81-year-old diabetic woman presented in March 1984 with a one month history of intermittent pain and swelling in the right subcostal region. Two weeks previously the swelling had discharged pus and then a gallstone onto the skin. Several further episodes of pain were accompanied by the passage of more gallstones. Eight years previously a laparotomy for an appendix abscess and appendicectomy had been performed. The gallbladder at that time had been noted to contain gallstones but was otherwise normal. Nine months previously she had been admitted to hospital with similar pain, weight loss and diarrhoea. Examination revealed a large firm mass in the right subcostal region, confirmed by an ultrasound scan which also showed gallstones. A barium enema and isotope liver scan were normal. A diagnosis of resolving acute cholecystitis was made. In view of her poor general health and advanced age cholecystectomy was not performed. Examination on this attendance confirmed the presence of a sinus discharging mucus from the right subcostal region. The mass noted on the previous admission was still present. The haemoglobin was 12.3 g/dl, white cell count 9.5 x 109/1 and the ESR 23mm/h. Serum urea and electrolyte levels were normal as were the liver function tests. The serum albumin concentration was reduced to 23.4g/dl (normal range 3 W 5 g/dl. Culture of the discharge from the sinus failed to grow any organisms. A fistulogram (Figure I ) confirmed the presence of a cholecystocutaneous fistula. Contrast also passed into the hepatic flexure of the colon via a cholecystocolic fistula and into the duodenum via the cystic and common bile ducts. A laparotomy via a right subcostal incision extended to include the opening of the sinus was performed and these findings were confirmed. A thick-walled contracted gallbladder containing several large mixed stones was adherent to the abdominal wall anteriorly and there was a further small communication with the transverse colon. Both fistulae were divided and the defect in the transverse colon was closed. Due to dense adhesions around the common bile duct there was difficulty in identifying the right hepatic and cystic ducts. The common bile duct was therefore opened supraduodenaly and found to contain biliary sludge. A sound was introduced to identify the right hepatic duct and cholecystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy were performed. The patient made an uneventful postoperative recovery and was discharged on the tenth postoperative day. At out-patient review 3 months later she was well and the wound had healed. Histological examination of the gallbladder showed extensive fibrosis of the wall with a chronic inflammatory infiltrate indicating chronic cholecystitis. There was no evidence of malignancy. described 499 cases of gallbladder perforation including 169 cases of spontaneous external fistula formation'. However, only 45 further cases have been reported to date, with only 9 cases in the last 41 years. This fall in incidence is attributed to the advent of modern biliary surgery. Biliary fistula is usually a complication of acute suppurative cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. The suppurative process leads to necrosis and perforation (empyema necessitans). The site of perforation and subsequent fistula is usually into the duodenum (77 per cent) or colon (15 per cent) or very rarely through the abdominal wall3. Other internal fistulae occur very rarely and it has been reported that gallstones have been coughed up from the bronchial tree, vomited from the stomach and voided in the urine4. The fistula may discharge stones, pus, mucus or occasionally, if the cystic duct is patent, bile. Almost all spontaneous external biliary fistulae are single and most have their external opening in the right subcostal region. However, they have been recorded around the umbilicus due to tracking along the falciform ligament and even as far away as the right groin and left flank5. In Courvoisiers' original series only one patient had multiple external fistulae. Concurrent internal and external fistula formation has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. As in our case these fistulae are more common in elderly women and if the condition of the patient permits, definitive treatment requires cholecystectomy with excision of the fistulous tract(+


The invention discloses a device capable of avoiding the impact of a tower crane. The device comprises an ARM processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a relay, a serial port extended chip, a real-time clock chip, a weight sensor, an amplitude sensor and an inclination sensor, wherein the analog-to-digital converter, the relay, the serial port extended chip and the real-time clock chip are all connected to the ARM processor; the weight sensor, the amplitude sensor and the inclination sensor are all connected to the analog-to-digital converter; and the serial port extended chip is also connected with a radio modem and a GPS terminal. Based on the principle, the device disclosed by the invention can accurately judge the lifting weight, the inclination amplitude and the inclination angle of a tower crane and the like, thereby operating correctly and avoiding the impact between tower cranes and between the tower crane and a barrier.


This paper describes a single current sensing technique that uses only one DC link current sensing resistor to measure the three phase motor currents, therefore, reducing the cost of whole system. However, in certain conditions, current pulse width in the shunt resistor is very narrow and the measurement becomes difficult. This paper proposed a new strategy to solve this problem by changing PWM switching frequency and using double reference voltage vector PWM technique. The realization of the proposed single current sensing method based on the ADMCF341 DSP, which is specifically designed for easy implementation of single current sensing technique, is described. Simulation and experimental results are prese nted.


The authors of the fi rst issue of our fourth volume represent a virtual gazetteer of the world, with contributors not only from the U.S., but also from Australia, Canada, Germany, Israel, Italy, Poland, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. The volume begins with a certain angelic quality: Linda Safran and Galit Noga-Banai discuss a pair of archangels, Michael and Gabriel, who are depicted on a newly published Toronto reliquary; Matthew Dal Santo studies images of angels and archangels, and in particular Michael; Rangar Cline investigates no less than seven archangels, including, of course, Michael, who were called upon magically to protect the city of Miletus; and angels appear once again in a contribution of Iain Gardner that exhaustively discusses ten Manichaean prayers. The next two contributions, by Daniëlle Slootjes and Luigi Pedroni, take us to the late third century in general and the reign of the emperor Aurelian (270–275) in particular. The fi nal two contributions turn to the western Mediterranean, with Nathan Ristuccia discussing the use of law and legal documents by bishop Peter Chrysologus of Ravenna, and Robert Wiśniewski briefl y discussing an aspect of the early development of the cult of relics in Carthage. To conclude the volume, we have not only our de rigueur book reviews, but also our fi rst review of a conference specifi cally dealing with Late Antiquity. In the world of publishing, JLA continues to receive kudos, having just been awarded the Association of American Publishers Award for Professional and Scholarly Excellence as Best New Journal in the Social Sciences & Humanities for 2010 (http://www.proseawards.com/current-winners.html). This award is a tribute not only to our many fi ne authors, who have published in the journal scholarship of the highest merit, and to our hard-working editorial boards, but also to the dedicated staff at Johns Hopkins University Press, and in particular William Breichner and Carol Hamblen, without whose support, above and beyond the call of duty, the journal would be but a shadow of its present self. And fi nally, once more I encourage our readers to continue not only to submit their scholarship for publication and to encourage colleagues and libraries to subscribe to JLA (http://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_ late_antiquity/).


Abstract : The proceeding volume contains oral and poster contributions from a symposium on "Advanced Photonic Sensors and Applications" at the SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore from 30 November to 3 December 1999. The volume comprises the area of electrooptical materials and photonic sensors design and fabrication. The symposium also focuses on advances in biomedical and biochemical sensors technology. Studies in microoptical metrology and vibration sensors are greatly highlighted and in detail discussed.


While natural gas is a plentiful energy resource, methods to effectively convert light alkanes to readily transported liqs. are
energy and capital intense. Com. available and inexpensive halide and iodine oxide salts can selectively functionalize methane,
ethane and propane in high yields in trifluoroacetic acid solvent at temps. ∼200 °C. For the conversion of methane, yields > 40
% have been demonstrated with > 97 % selectivity for Me trifluoroacetate. Under photolytic conditions, the conversion of
methane to Me trifluoroacetate also proceeds with high yield and selectivity (∼50 % and ∼95 %, resp.) Ethane and propane can
also be functionalized photolytically with similar yields and selectivities as are obsd. under thermal conditions. These results
and details of mechanistic studies will be presented.


Background: Dialysis centres around the world use different concentrations of calcium in dialysate solution,ranging from 1. 25 to 1. 75 mmol / L. However,a dialysate concentration of 1. 25 mmol / L is recommended. [1] Higher or lower dialysate calcium concentrations are indicated in patients,depending on their co-morbid factors. We explored the effects of using a calcium dialysate solution of 1. 50 mmol / L compared to a 1. 75 mmol / L calcium dialysate solution on the Blood Pressure (BP) ,serum concentrations of Calcium,Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Aldosterone in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. Method: 42 patients were enrolled in the study. First a 1. 50 mmol / L low calcium dialysate solution (LCDS) was used for 4 hour dialysis,and for the next session of HD,a 1. 75 mmol / L (NCDS) normal calcium dialysate solution was used. Blood pressure was measured at 5 intervals of time: pre HD,at 60,120,180 and 240 minutes into the HD session. Pre and post HD blood samples were taken for serum calcium,PTH and Aldosterone levels. Results: All 42 patients completed the study. With LCDS,the post HD serum calcium levels were (2. 51 ± 0. 14) mmol / L,compared to (2. 85 ± 0. 17) mmol / L for NCDS (P < 0. 01) . A post HD serum PTH level of (80. 6 ± 144. 93) pg / ml was observed when using LCDS,whereas a (52. 25 ± 115. 89) pg / ml serum PTH level was noted with NCDS (P < 0. 01) . As for aldosterone,a post HD value of (161. 77 ± 80. 42) ng / L was obtained with LCDS and (165. 50 ± 78. 84) ng / L with NCDS (P < 0. 01) . The mean post HD systolic blood pressure was (129. 17 ± 25. 42) mmHg with LCDS dialysis compared to (132. 50 ± 20. 32) mmHg for NCDS dialysis (P < 0. 01) and the diastolic BP values observed were (75. 10 ±10. 34) mmHg and (78. 26 ±11. 63) mm Hg(P <0. 01) ,respectively. Conclusion: LCDS can more effectively improve hypercalcemic status in dialysis patients than NCDS. Using LCDS stimulates the secretion of PTH more than when using NCDS. LCDS decreases aldosterone levels more than NCDS.


Reactions between graphite and fluorine in the temperature range of 300-500oC have been investigated. White solid fluorid 田 havingthe atomic ratio of C: F=l : 1 were formed in these reactions. The properti 白 andstructures of th 田 ecompounds were studied by means of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the reactions of the fluoride with various reagen 也, and also by the observations of infra. red absorption , NMR spectra and X-ray di 妊 ractionpatterns. From these experimen. tal r 田 ults , it was concluded that the fluoride is a new compound containing fluorine atoms between the layers of graphite , wher 巴 thefluorine atoms are strongly connected to the carbon atoms with covalent bonds. The fluorides resemble to poly-tetra-fluoroethylene; they are very stable to heat and chemicals , and have no electric conductivity.


In this paper, we evaluate the performance analysis arepresented inthis performance ofLDPCcoded MC-CDDMA in paper. Rayleigh fading channels. Wederive anexact Theremaining ofthis paper isorganized as expression ofthevariance ofmultiuserfollows: thesystem model isshown insection interference andobtain theoptimal maximum II. Insection III, themaximal ratio combining numberofiterations inLDPC decoding.(MRC)andminimummeansquare error Compared toturbo codedMC-CDMA,the combining (MMSEC)aredescribed. In LDPCcodedMC-CDMAhasadvantages in section IV,we investigate themultiuser BER performance andcomplexity. The interference (MUI)andnoise, andderive an simulation results alsoshowthat thesystem accurate expression ofthevariance ofMIJI. USing MMSECoutperforms thesystem using Thesimulation results andconclusions are MRCinBERperformaance andcomplexity.presented anddiscussed insection V and Section VI,respectively.


The invention discloses a copper platinum hot tinning furnace device. The copper platinum hot tinning furnace device comprises a feeding mechanism, a soldering flux pretreatment mechanism, a hot tinning mechanism, a clear water cooling mechanism and a material receiving mechanism which are sequentially arranged. Aiming at the condition that copper platinum of a heat radiator core generally needs tinning antiseptic treatment, while copper platinum with the thickness of less than 0.15mm cannot be treated by traditional electroplating, the copper platinum hot tinning furnace device disclosed by the invention can realize the treatment of the copper platinum with the thickness of 0.03 to 0.15mm; in the traditional electroplating method, the speed is extremely low, and the cold plating speed is 0.8m/min; and in the copper platinum hot tinning furnace device, the speed is 15m/min, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. The copper platinum tinned by the copper platinum hot tinning furnace device disclosed by the invention has better effects than that by cold tinning in anticorrosion property, durability, heat dissipating effect and the like; the use of chemical raw materials can be reduced; and the copper platinum hot tinning furnace device is better in environment-friendly property, is safer and more convenient and has better effects in anticorrosion property, durability, heat dissipating effect and the like compared with the cold tinning.


Fuzzy planar graph is a very important subclass of fuzzy graph. In this paper, two types of edges are mentioned for fuzzy graphs: effective edges and considerable edges. In addition, a comparative study between Kuratowski's graphs and fuzzy planar graph is made. A new concept of a strong fuzzy planar graph is introduced. Some related results are established. These results have certain applications in subway tunnels, routes, oil/gas pipelines representation, etc. It is also shown that an image can be represented by a fuzzy planar graph, and contraction of such an image can be made with the help of a fuzzy planar graph.


【 Abstract 】 Objective To analyze and discuss the application effect of comprehensive nursing care of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with tibia and fibula fracture after operation. Methods 120 patients with tibia and fibula fractures who were treated in our hospital from 2019 to 2021 were selected as the observation objects, and randomly divided into two groups (observation group, TCM comprehensive nursing, control group, and conventional nursing). The observation group was treated with TCM comprehensive nursing, and the time of bone traction after operation was compared with the satisfaction of patients. Results The results of bone traction time after operation in the two groups showed that the bone traction time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The survey results of patients' satisfaction in the two groups showed that the patients' satisfaction in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion TCM comprehensive nursing for patients with tibia and fibula fracture can effectively shorten the bone traction time and promote the rehabilitation of patients, which is worth promoting and applying in clinical intervention.


A new study of patients with advanced head and neck cancer supports the use of PET-CT to gauge treatment effectiveness. Patients who underwent surgery to remove their lymph nodes survived no longer than patients who underwent PET-CT and had surgery only if their lymph nodes showed signs of residual cancer. In addition, PET-CT surveillance was less expensive.


A cross-sectional survey of consumption patterns and dietary practices was carried out in Timau Division. Meru Central District in Kenya from March to April 2004. The main objective of the study was to determine the food consumption patterns and dietary practices in relation to iron and salt intakes of the Timau community. This study was to provide baseline data for an efficacy study on use of Double Fortified Salt (DFS) in alleviation of iron deficiency anaemia in Kenya. A random sample of a total of 33 households in three clusters of 10. 12 and I I proportionately and randomly selected from Mililani, Ruseni and Kambakia villages respectively in Timau Division were investigated. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demography, socio-economic factors, food production and utilisation, and food consumption. Dietary intakes were determined using a three-day-weighed record method for all household members in the 33 households. Anthropometric measurements were carried out on all household individuals to determine their nutritional status. Focus group discussions and observations were undertaken to obtain information on dietary practices. © The majority of the households reportedly consumed Irish potatoes (93.9%, N=33) and maize (87.9%. N=33) at least 2-3 times per week as their staple foods. Beans and pigeon peas and milk were the most consumed protein foods. Majority of the study group households consumed a wide range of fresh vegetables. The daily amounts of salt intakes (0.01% iodised salt) by various age groups differed slightly according to amount of food consumed. The children had the least intakes with 7.7g (SD=3.7). 'the teenagers and adults differed slightly at l().3g (SD=2.8) and I0.9g (SD=4.4) respectively. The results showed that the salt intakes were within the recommended levels and from a centralised source. There was no significant difference between intakes of salt by men and women at p-value>().()5 (p-value=0.198). All study households reportedly consumed salt in food. The overall mean intakes of energy, determined in kilocalories (Kcal) was 1922.271908.67 (N=I43), which was less than the recommended dietary intakes of calories for majority of individuals under the study. The overall mean intakes of protein for all members of the selected


The characteristics of combined effective estimates of the parameters of a sequence of superbroad-band pulses are obtained. The loss in accuracy of the estimates because the repetition period and the time of arrival of the sequence are not known is found.


In recent years, the frequent fire accidents of public transport vehicles have resulted in the scrapping of vehicles, catastrophic property losses and casualties, which had drawn widespread concern of people and society for public safety. The passenger cabin space of bus is relatively small. Once a fire occurred, high temperature, thermal radiation and smoke generated by combustion will cause great difficulties for personnel evacuation. Aiming at the requirements of Chinese GA1264-2015, this paper carried out full-scale fire-extinguishing experiments in the bus cabin. The parameters of temperature distribution, smoke concentration and fire-fighting time in the passenger cabin of the bus are analyzed, so as to verify the fire-fighting performance of the self-developed water-based fire extinguishing agent and the fixed fire-extinguishing system in the passenger cabin. The system can put out fire quickly and efficiently. Moreover, it can effectively reduce temperature and concentration of toxic and harmful gases in the cabin after the fire. It could obviously improve the fire protection capacity.


This study presents a numerical model to simulate two-dimensional flow field near a vertical impermeable spur dike in a sine-generated rigid bed meandering channel. Comprehensive study of resultant velocity and separation zone past the spur dike on five different channels with meandering angles 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° were carried out and compared. The CFD model Nays 2D was used to simulate the flow field. Cubic- Interpolated Pseudo-Particle (CIP) method was used as finite difference method to analyze the advection terms. The study reveals that unlike straight channel, flow field and separation zone past the spur dike are influenced by the position of spur dike and angle of meandering. For meandering angle equal or greater than 60° and position of spur dike at s*=0.5 with reference to the straight rectangular channel from the upstream end on the right bank, significance of spur dike as a flow deflector does not prevail. With the same flow parameters and channel characteristics, the velocity amplification is maximum to angle of meandering equal to 30°.


XianS is a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line of non-pollen type in rice and a mutant from traditional variety Xianhuangzhan.In Guangzhou,XianS expressed strongly the character of fertility alternation from fertility to sterility then to fertility.The fertility changes were mainly affected by temperature.The analysis of correlation between fertility and the highest temperature,lowest temperature,the average temperature showed that the sensitive stage to high temperture calculated with lowest temperature was the longest,23~10 d before heading,reaching 14 d;and the sensitive stage to low temperature calculated with lowest temperature was the longest,24~16 d before heading,only 9 d.The initial date of the sensitive stage to high temperature and that to low temperature are roughly the same,but the ending date was later for the sensitive stage to high temperature.Under the photoperiod of 13.5 h,the temperatures of 24 ℃ and 24.5 ℃ could lead to sterility of XianS.


Different simulation methods have been proposed in the literature to predict the performance of reciprocating compressors considering valve dynamics. When several design alternatives have to be assessed, the most convenient route is the adoption of simple models based on integral formulation for the compression process inside the cylinder. In these models semi-empirical expressions for effective flow and force areas are used to evaluate the mass flow rate and the dynamics of valves. The occurrence of backflow in valves is a main source of volumetric inefficiency but it is difficult to predict because the expressions for effective areas usually neglect inertial effects of the flow. This paper reports a study of fluid structure interaction of reed valves allowed by a two-dimensional numerical model of a simplified geometry of discharge valve. Effective flow and force areas are then evaluated taking into account flow inertia so as to better detect backflow. Results for efficiency parameters obtained with a lumped model make it evident the importance of accommodating such transient effects in effective areas.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, with a relapse rate of 15%. The presence of lymphoblasts in the central nervous system (CNS) is a negative prognostic indicator and a frequent site of disease relapse. CNS disease is defined as more than five white blood cells in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with positive lymphoblast cytomorphology. Often leukemic blasts are detected by flow cytometry of the CSF prior to reaching the five white blood cell threshold, requiring repeat lumbar punctures at 2-4 week intervals until the arbitrarily defined clinical criteria for diagnosis are met. Additionally, more than 50% of autopsied brains from ALL patients show evidence of CNS disease, despite non-detectable CNS involvement via cytology of CSF. These data suggest that patients may be harboring CNS disease before it expands enough to be clinically diagnosed. We have developed a new assay that may allow for earlier detection of CNS disease and relapse by quantifying cell-free, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the CSF. ctDNA is a proven biomarker of relapse and metastasis in solid tumors in pre-clinical testing; however, its utility at predicting CNS disease in ALL has not been examined.
 We examined two possible methods for using ctDNA as a biomarker: leukemia cell clonality and DNA methylation profiling. We collected bone marrow aspirate, blood, and CSF samples from 11 newly diagnosed patients prior to the start of chemotherapy treatment to use as a training data set. ctDNA was isolated from blood and CSF samples at diagnosis and throughout treatment. Genomic DNA was isolated from bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples at diagnosis. For leukemia cell clonality assays, Invivoscribe Lymphotrack PCR assays combined with MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) sequencing were used to identify the VDJ sequence of the immunoglobulin (B-ALL) or T-cell receptor (T-ALL) rearrangements in the clones comprising each leukemia. Throughout the course of treatment, ctDNA samples were run on the MinION sequencer, examining the abundance of major clones present and ctDNA quantification was done on patient plasma and CSF samples over time.
 While this assay relies on patient specific VDJ sequencing, we are also in the process of developing a more universal assay that utilizes recurrent methylation changes in T-ALL or B-ALL, compared to normal PBMCs. We performed methylation sequencing on 3 control PBMC samples and 7 ALL patient samples to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) present specifically in ALL samples. This sequencing identified 9,222 DMRs present in the ALL samples. These sites were then compared with publicly available datasets, yielding 55 overlapping regions and 19 specific overlapping methylation sites commonly present in ALL samples and not in PBMCs. We are now in the process of validating these differentially methylated sites by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) to come up with a panel of biomarkers to track ALL disease over time. The end goal of our study is to develop an assay to rapidly detect relapse and CNS disease in ALL that is more sensitive and less invasive than the current clinical assays. Earlier detection of relapse and CNS disease will provide patients with more treatment options, which may ultimately improve patient outcome. Results will ultimately be correlated with patient response to therapy, the presence of CNS disease, and overall outcomes as determined by standard clinical diagnostic procedures.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The problem of the marine litter accumulation and their consequence extended and face around the whole world with no easy solution in the coming years. The situation is now going more worst that the plastic which contribute 80% of the total solid waste in all the beaches provides ideal environment for the opportunistic microorganism to grow and established a novel means of spatial and temporal transport for microorganisms diagonally coastal areas. In the present paper baseline study of abundance, composition and nature of the solid waste litter on the beaches of Karachi, Pakistan were investigated. During the study plastic litter were qualified as the highest debris among all the beaches. The abundance of debris by weight was higher in Clifton followed by sandspit and Ghizri creek respectively. Thermacol / Styrofoam recoded as the second largest contributor of marine debris. The major contributing factor of debris abundance are beach visitors i.e tourism and recreation activities and land based sources including waste from creeks along debris provide a major inputs of pollution in beaches.


In order to meet the requirement of the signal acquisition of the quartz sensor arrays,the micro analysis system based on virtual instrument is designed.The hardware of the system is made up of oscillation circuit,data acquisition card and computer,while The soft module is designed by LabVIEW.The relation between the conductivity of the solution and the frequency response of the quartz sensor is analyzed.Experiments indicate that this system can detect the real-time frequency,and the results can be collected,processed,stored simultaneously;So it's suitable for the further detection of biomacromolecules.


A definite treatment modality for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has still not come into picture. With the rise of COVID-19 pandemic, a few drugs have come into light as empirical treatment for this infection. This review focusses on existing approaches to the treat COVID-19 patients with antimalarial drugs and antibiotics analyzing the adverse reactions and interactions of concomitantly administering these drugs. We will also discuss the possibilities of alternate methods to treat this disease.


Software synthesis for system level design languages becomes feasible because the current technology, pricing and application trends will most likely alleviate the industrial emphasis on real-time operating systems minimisation. Automatic code generation also becomes necessary, because of increasing product complexity and decreasing design time. This paper discusses software synthesis for a realistic system level design language, to generate an executable model for implementation, simulation and verification purposes. A completely automatic mapping of both the architectural aspects and data objects is shown, including real-time garbage collection. Process execution trees (PETs) are introduced to schedule real-time, concurrent processes. This paper explains the functioning of these self-modifying data structures based on the operational semantics of POOSL (Parallel Object-Oriented Specification Language). Process execution trees are generally applicable to other process algebras as well (e.g. CCS, CSP, ACP), and follow quite naturally from the inference rules of these algebras.


Some supporting tools for optimising paper manufacturing lines are presented - such as methods for bottleneck analysis, for recording the level of performance and for cost estimation. These explanations are supplemented by results of a survey concerning the time and personnel needed for optimization projects of different sizes; these results offer support for orientation when planning and carrying out projects of one's own. As a consequence basic concepts for being successful with successful projects are derived.


Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 200 children aged 5 to 16 years. The participants were divided into two groups. The study group included 100 asthmatic children/adolescent diagnosed with asthma attended the local hospitals. Asthma-free group composed of 100 asthma-free children⁄adolescents recruited in two public schools. The details on asthma severity were obtained from patient's records, by consulting the pediatrician treating these children or by interviewing their parents/caregivers. Dental caries status was assessed using DMFT and dmft indices. Chi-square and independent Student's t-test used for statistical analysis of data.


Dorothy Kay (nee Elvery) was born in County Wicklow in Ireland in 1886, into a family richly endowed with artistic talent. She received formal training at the Metropolitan School of Art and the Royal Hibernian Academy School in Dublin.Through her brother Phillip, a student at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, she met and fell in love with South African William Hobart Ashburner Kay, a Pretoria-born medical student who was specialising in surgery at the college. In 1909, after becoming the youngest student to qualify with the RCSI, he sailed for Cape Town. Dorothy followed soon afterwards and they were married in Cape Town the following year. After unsuccessfully opening a surgical practice in Pretoria, Hobart accepted an appointment as Medical Officer (MO) of Health for the Northern Transvaal and Zoutpansberg district based in Nylstroom, where the couple had their first child. In 1914 Hobart was ordered to return to Pretoria to take over as MO of the prisoner-of-war (POW) camp at Roberts' Heights (later named Voortrekkerhoogte). He was later sent to Fort Napier in Pietermaritzburg when the POW camp was moved there. In 1915 Captain (Dr) Kay left for active service in German East Africa. Following his return in 1917, he was appointed District Surgeon and Port Health Officer of Port Elizabeth (as successor to a Dr Rees, who had died from typhus fever contracted while on duty).Dorothy, who was by this time a mother of four, established herself as doyenne of the arts in Port Elizabeth and was a founder member of the Eastern Province Society of Arts and Crafts. She was an exceptional portrait painter, whose astute observation of detail and ability to empathise with her subject and convey character brought her many important commissions, including portraits of General Jan Smuts and several of Port Elizabeth's mayors. Her traditional British realist-school style of painting contrasted strongly with that of her contemporary, expressionist painter Irma Stern. During the 1920s Dorothy began to etch, receiving international acclaim. One of her etchings, exhibited at the Dominion Artists' Exhibition in London in 1926 and entitled 'Romance',was purchased by Queen Mary.


Objective To study the microneurosurgery of frontal extradura hemorrhage removal.Methods Trans-supraorbital keyhole approach applied to 13 patients with the frontal extradura hemorrhage. 1-2u urokinase was perfuse past-operative through drain when there was some hemorrhage residue.Results Thirteen cases were complete recovered; no one was accepting the second surgery.Conclusion Trans-supraorbital keyhole approaches to remove the frontal extradura hemorrhage was proved its microinvased, safety, effects and better recover, also relief the economic pressure of patients.