The medical psychotherapy integrated dual training programme in Yorkshire started in 2006. Over five years, the trainees achieve competencies simultaneously in medical psychotherapy and either in general adult or forensic psychiatry. The programme is structured in a way that trainees move between the two subspecialties within the working week, for the duration of the training. There are currently six advanced dual trainees (two of whom are less than full time). To give the reader a glimpse of this training, we have presented our individual accounts from six different vantage points. Our descriptions hopefully convey that supervision and personal therapy help hold this training together. We feel that an overall advantage of this integrated training is that we have an up-to-date knowledge and experience of both specialities along with a longer period of development within personal therapy. Whichever path we pursue, either as a psychiatrist or medical psychotherapist, we will offer additional qualities to the post. In the ever-changing National Health Service (NHS) of today, we understand how vital this will be to remain credible as consultants. For those of us who wish to further a career in psychoanalysis, an external training may be a viable option for the future.


I explore the logic of counterexamples by possible conjunction in order to extend their use to estimate the degree of support of premises; address some problems with my proposal; discuss some ways of teaching this extended use; and argue that conditional probability fails to express the degree of support of premises. The scant literature on this topic sometimes presents the degree of support of premises P1...Pn for conclusion C in terms of conditional probability, Pr(C/ P1...Pn). I will argue that the degree of support is better expressed by the probability of the conditional statement expressing the inference, Pr(If P1...Pn, then C); and prove that Pr(C/ P1...Pn) is not equivalent to Pr(If P1...Pn, then C).


Summary form only given. High-quality ITOX-SIMOX (internal thermal oxidation-SIMOX) wafers (Nakashima et al, 1994) have been used for the fabrication of 0.25 /spl mu/m fully-depleted CMOS-SIMOX LSIs (Ino et al, 1996). In fully-depleted devices, device performance strongly depends on the quality of the interface between the top Si and the buried oxide (top Si-buried oxide interface) as well as that of the gate oxide-top Si interface. However, there are few reports on the electrical characteristics of the top Si-buried oxide interface. Accordingly, we fabricated a buried MOS diode, which has a P/sup +/ gate beneath the buried oxide, in ITOX-SIMOX wafers and investigated the electrical characteristics of the interface. The obtained results reveal that the fixed charge density Q/sub f//q and the interface trap density D/sub it/ are extremely small, and are comparable to those of thermal oxide. These results indicate that the ITOX-SIMOX wafer has a high quality top Si-buried oxide interface, and the reduced pinhole density and high quality interface of ITOX-SIMOX wafers are useful for the fabrication of fully-depleted CMOS-SIMOX LSIs.


Abstract : Human mucin glycoprotein MUC1 is a "self' peptide overexpressed on all surfaces of breast cancers and is an attractive candidate immunogen for a breast cancer vaccine. MUC1 is only weakly immunogenic, eliciting a low frequency of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). We proposed to enhance immunity to MUC1 by using peptide mimics of native MUC1 epitopes. Mimic peptides contain amino acid substitutions; some mimics augment the T cell response to the native epitopes. The activity of mimics takes advantage of the degeneracy of T cell recognition, i.e., on the fact that a single T cell receptor (TCR) can recognize many different peptides. To develop MUC1 specific mimic peptides we planned to: 1) establish MUC1 specific CTL lines, 2) use combinatorial peptide libraries in a positional scanning format to determine which amino acid substitutions in the original peptide were recognized best by the CTL, 3) synthesize those mimics; 4) test them on an index cell line; and 5) identify those that were stronger immunogens for CTL than the native peptide. First we had to choose the best (most immunogenic) native MUC1 epitope and develop a CTL line from a healthy HLA-A*0201+ individual. Such a line had to be: (1) highly specific for chosen peptide, 2) strongly cytotoxic against MUC 1 positive adenocarcinoma cells, and (3) contain at least 10(exp 8) T cells. All of these qualities are required for successful analysis of the peptide library. Because MUC1 is a weak antigen, this first step proved to be very difficult, but we ultimately found a leader sequence LLLLTVLTV that consistently led to CTL and developed the CCM4 cell line. With this index cell line, we screened combinatorial nonamer libraries and identified amino acid substitutions that allowed better recognition of the peptides than the native. We then synthesized 96 peptides containing as many as 8 substitutions. Unfortunately the CCM4 line did not survive frozen storage, so a new CTL line must be established.


Stories have been central to medicine during most of its long history but the meteoric rise and success of scientific biomedicine during the twentieth century eclipsed the presence of narratives in medicine [1].Stories and anecdotes became a derisive term and the patient's story shrank in the charts. Kathryn Montgomery, who has published books on Doctor's stories mentions that medicine is a rational interpretive activity with the patient as its text and seeks to understand his/her malady considering current evidence. There are close parallels between literary study and the patient encounter in clinical medicine. Both these processes according to Montgomery are based on narratives, the exchange of stories, attentive listening, and interpretation, and creating meaning.


The Lushan Meeting in 1959,form July 2nd to August 16th,lasted for 45 days.It was relax in the first half,but came to a big turn suddenly in the latter half,turned over entirely from the first part's correcting-"left" to the latter part's anti-right,caused an ultimate political tragedy,and became a serious twist in our Part's history of anti-inclinations.The turn was the result of some factors' joint effort,such as different understandings to history disruptive problem,etc,actet on each other,brought great impact to the cause of our Party,also brought some pround lessons and inspiration to the further building of the Party.


An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) based on poly(N-butyl 2-ethynylpyridinum bromide) (PB2EPB) and polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) has been prepared and characterized. The simultaneous full IPNs of PCU and PB2EPB have two glass transition temperatures corresponding to those of the linear chain blends measured by DSC. This suggests immiscibility of the two networks in the IPNs. The IPNs display a multiphase morphology which is confirmed by SEM observation. The full IPNs exhibit excellent solvent resistance, good thermal stability and good mechanical properties. High UV absorption of these materials extending to the visible range and beyond indicates that the polyacetylene network is extensively conjugated. The electrical conductivity of the IPNs increases linearly with increasing polyacetylene content reaching 10 -4 S/cm.


The invention provides a compartment for a tramcar and a tramcar. The compartment for the tramcar comprises a compartment body internally provided with seats and electric heating mechanisms; each the electric heating mechanism comprises a shell, electric heaters, a PLC and a fan, wherein an air channel cavity and a control cavity independent of each other are formed in the shell, an air inlet and an air outlet communicated with the air channel cavity are formed in the shell, the electric heaters and the fan are installed in the air channel cavity, the PLC is installed in the control cavity and is connected with the fan and the electric heaters, and the shell is detachably installed at the bottom of the corresponding seat. As the shells are installed under the seats, hot air output by the air outlets acts on the lower portion of the compartment first, and the riding comfort and experience of passengers are improved; as the shells are installed under the seats, the shells can be opened conveniently or taken out wholly to be maintained, and the maintenance difficulty of operators is lowered.


The problem of zoning of Ukrainian folk dance culture and its autochthonous and influential elements, which are especially active in the border areas with other ethnic groups and peoples, namely - ethnochoreographic fronts, in areas where the most intense processes of interaction and interpenetration of multinational dance segments. In the course of the research it was revealed that frontal zones can concern not only exclusively border areas (main meso-feature), but also function in much more localized territories of even one ethnic region (micro-feature), as well as cover large geographical areas or totally spread throughout territory of the country (macro-feature). An important factor is the intensity of the spread and assimilation of non-national or non-ethnic dance cultures, which can be measured in a few cases or be mass.


Studies the effect upon piston temperature field from changes in positions of the cooling gallery.A FEM piston model for a model 1015 engine was developed on Pro/E and thermal simulations achieved through ANSYS.Rigorous simulations were performed to find the temperature change rules and the sensitivity of piston temperature field with regard to the cooling gallery position.The results demonstrated that the position of cooling gallery has various effects upon the piston temperature.The temperature of top-ring groove can be reduced by 30 degree centigrade by moving the cooling gallery upward.The velocity of temperature change in the top-ring groove attained a global maximum.


With the increase in popularity and performance of multiprocessor systems, the cost of memory latency between systems poses a growing issue to developers. Prefetching can address this problem by issuing multiple block requests on a single read miss, bringing in blocks in anticipation of use later. This paper presents an implementation of adaptive sequential prefetching using the M5 simulator.


We report here on the molecular self-assembly of 7, 7′, 8, 8′ tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) (schematic representation of the molecule on figure 1(b)) on a single-crystal Cu(111) surface, followed by deposition of Fe and Mn, and on the formation of an ordered metal–organic coordination network of Fe (or Mn)–TCNQ units, which contains magnetic ions separated by 0.9 nm.


The purpose of this article is to present a 2014 Fulbright proposed evaluation framework and to analyze recent findings resulting from the administration of contextual measures anchored on local instructional practices of LEARNING BY DOING and academic standards from the National Education Ministry in Colombia in the areas of Mathematics, Language & Literacy and Inquiry-Based Learning. The goal of the Fulbright grant funded project was to explore, examine and analyze the structure, scope and extent of implementation of the ALIANZA MODEL (Learning by Doing) in five municipalities situated in the southwest region of Medellin in Colombia, in order to propose an Evaluation Framework to measure the extent of implementation and level of educational effectiveness in the region. The ALIANZA MODEL was originally designed to improve the quality of education for students attending designated public schools in grades K -11, with the goal to bridge and close the academic achievement gap within the region. The specific objectives of the ALIANZA MODEL were defined: 1) Facilitating and enhancing learning in mathematics, language arts and investigation as pedagogical strategy; 2) Contributing to the improvement of the processes of educational management and cultural transformation of public schools; 3) Creating inter-municipal networks to strengthen actions for the improvement of quality and equity of education in the region; 4) Strengthening the confidence of both private and public sectors in the implementation of public education policies; and 5) Strengthening Professional Development Models of teachers so that they would have a positive and effective impact on students learning.


CELL BIOLOGY
That the Rab family of GTPases functions in the targeting of intracellular vesicles during membrane traffic is well established. Several groups now have extended the remit of the Rab family into the motility arena. Each type of intracellular vesicle is identified by a set of Rab


nature of the model Note, by the way, that although I say this model is based on the notion of a circuit diagram, it's actually abstracted away from that model and ignores some important practical concerns. Connection to quantum computation One of the reasons why we will be interested in the circuit model is because of the approach we will take to quantum computation, which is via the quantum circuit model of computation. Common usage of the quantum circuit model This is the most commonly used model of quantum computation, and is, for example, the way in which results such as Shor's factoring algorithm are usually phrased. Slide: Examples of circuits Let me explain the circuit model to you with some examples introducing all the basic elements. Wires The first element of a circuit appears so trivial that people sometimes overlook it: we need wires capable of carrying information. We draw a wire carrying a single bit like this. Reading the diagram from left-to-right Notice that the diagram is to be read from left to right. The left-hand end indicates the initial state, and the right-hand end indicates the final state. For a wire the final state is the same as the initial state. Connection with memory You can think of a wire as a kind of "memory" that preserves information. Difficulty in the quantum case Although wires may seem trivial, this is not always the case. Indeed, in the quantum circuit model of computation it turns out that doing the kind of perfect storage of quantum states needed to implement wires seems to be very difficult in most physical systems. Adding to our list of basic elements Anyway, let's start a list of basic elements in the circuit model, and put our first element on that list, wires. Tomorrow: a similar list Tomorrow we'll construct a similar list for quantum circuits. The not gate Our first dynamical operation is the not gate, which takes as input a single bit, and outputs its negation. Note that we use this special addition notation to indicate addition modulo two. The nand gate We also allow ourselves to perform two-bit operations like the nand gate, which takes two bits as input, and outputs a single bit as output, which is the negation of the logical and of those two bits. That is, the nand outputs zero if both inputs were one, and otherwise outputs one. We also allow ourselves to perform other familiar two-bit logical operations, like and, or, xor, and so on. Adding to our list of basic elements The upshot is that we add to our list of basic elements the ability to do oneand two-bit logic gates like the not, and, and nand gates. Why all gates are boxes with labels There is a useful point to note related to the way we draw these gates. Many of you are probably familiar with a scheme whereby different types of gates are given different symbols. It turns out that in the quantum case there are many more possible gates than we can find symbols, so, with a few important exceptions, it makes sense to represent gates using boxes with labels to denote the particular type of gate, rather than using the shape. Exception: the controlled-not There is a very important gate which is an exception to this rule. Introduce the cnot, and specify its inputs and outputs This is the so-called "controlled-not" gate, which takes two bits as input, and has two output bits. What happens to the control bit The first bit, the so-called "control" bit, indicated by the solid black dot here, is not changed by the action of the gate. What happens to the target bit The second bit, the so-called "target" bit, is unchanged if the control bit was zero, and otherwise is flipped. Succinct representation We can represent this succinctly as the output on the target being y plus x, modulo two. Fanout Another important, and often overlooked, element of the circuit model is the ability to make copies of bits. The circuit I've shown here is really rather useless, but it does indicate this ability, often called "fanout", whereby a copy of a bit is made. Note that this is not possible in quantum mechanics, because of the no-cloning theorem. Add to list of elements So we'll add fanout to our list of basic circuit elements. Ancilla There is one final element I wish to introduce, which is the ability to input pre-prepared states, like the zero bit which is input to this circuit. We say that it is possible to prepare "ancilla" bits, that is, bits in pre-prepared states. Note that ancilla is Greek for handmaiden; an ancilla is a bit input into the circuit to help move the computation along. Slide: Universality of the circuit model In what sense is the circuit model of computation equivalent to the Turing machine model? The first step in answering this question is to explain what we mean when we say that the circuit model is Slide: The connection between circuits and computational complexity Raise the question Can we understand computational complexity classes like P and NP in the circuit model of computation? Basic idea It turns out that we can. The basic idea is to introduce a circuit, which we will denote C subscript n, to solve all instances of the problem which can be described using n bits or less. Thus, we have a family of circuits to solve the problem, for all possible problem sizes, n. Main point The main point is that, modulo some technicalities, a decision problem is in P if and only if there is a polynomial-sized family of circuits computing the solution to that problem. What we mean by polynomial-sized By polynomial-sized, this means that the total number of circuit elements, including things like gates, fanout, and ancillas, is only polynomial in n. Example of adding two numbers So, for example, it is not difficult to find circuits to compare two numbers x and y to determine whether x is smaller than y, so this comparison test is in P. Technical caveat How to think about the caveat There's a technical caveat to this description, which I'll now describe. Don't worry if it doesn't make complete sense right now, although I encourage you to come back and try to think about why we impose this technical point. The caveat The caveat is this: If we are to build the circuit family, then the engineer building the circuit better have some sort of an algorithm, that is, a Turing machine, which on input of the problem size, n, will tell them how to go about constructing the circuit. Furthermore, the algorithm should run in time polynomial in n. Definition of uniformity A family of circuits with this property is called a uniform family of circuits. Non-uniform circuits You might wonder why we impose this restriction on the circuits. It turns out that if we don't impose such a restriction, that is, if we allow so-called "non-uniform" circuits, then we can compute all sorts of strange an bizarre functions using polynomial-size circuits. I leave it as an exercise to you to come up with some examples. Fortunately, in all the cases we'll ever be interested in, there will clearly be such an algorithm, and we won't be much concerned about the distinction between uniform and non-uniform circuits. Slide: Irreversibility of circuit elements Opening Let us look a little more closely at the nand gate. Observations about several different inputs giving the same output Notice that the output of the nand gate on input (0,1) is 1, which is the same as the output on the input (1,0). Indeed, it is also the same as the output upon input of (0,0). Conclusion about impossibility of inversion Thus, simply by looking at the output of the nand gate it is impossible to determine which of these three possible inputs was used to the gate. Definition of irreversibility Because of this, we say that the nand gate is irreversible, that is, there is no logic gate capable of reversing the action of the nand gate, and allowing us to recover the input. Landauer's principle The importance of such irreversibility was first understood in 1961 by IBM physicist Rolf Landauer, who showed that any irreversible operation in a computer is necessarily accompanied by heat dissipation into the environment. Aside: Landauer's formula for a lower bound Indeed, Landauer actually gave a formula for a lower bound on the dissipation, although it would take us too far afield to describe this lower bound here. Question: can we compute without dissipating heat? Motivated by Landauer's principle, in 1973 Charles Bennett was motivated to ask whether it might be possible to compute without dissipating heat? Connection to reversible circuit elements It turns out that this is possible, and the main trick is to compute using only reversible circuit elements. Importance of this result to us The importance to us lies not in the fact that this enables us to compute without dissipating heat, but rather that the elements in quantum circuits are most naturally viewed as being reversible. Thus, in order for us to translate our regular classical circuits into quantum equivalents, we better understand how to compute reversibly! Slide: Some reversible circuit elements What we now need to do To explain how this works, we need to introduce some reversible circuit elements and explain how any other circuit can be simulated using those elements. The controlled-not as a reversible element Our first example Our first example of such a reversible element is the controlled-not gate. Why it's reversible To see that the controlled-not is reversible, notice that it is its own inverse, since the control bit is not changed through two consecutive applications of the cnot, and adding the control bit twice to the target returns it to its initial state. Conclusion Thus, the controlled-not is reversible. Toffoli gate as a reversible element Introduce the gate The other reversible element that we need is a new gate, the so-called Toffoli gate, which is sometimes also thought of as a doubly controlled-not gate. Input and output structure The Toffoli gate is different from earlier gates that we have seen, in that it involv


Abstract Easily accessible 1-(N-acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts react smoothly with nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and oxygen nucleophiles in the presence of (i-Pr)2EtN to give the expected α-amidoalkylation products, usually in good or very good yields. α-Amidoalkylation of dialkyl malonates or acetylacetates requires the application of a much stronger base (DBU) and gives the best results under the influence of microwave irradiation. α-Amidoalkylation of enamines was carried out successfully in the presence of (i-Pr)2EtN in a microwave reactor. 1-(N-Acylamino)alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts can be considered as new, convenient and effective α-amidoalkylation agents. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The paper is mainly a review of published data on the chemical nature of the banded contituents of coal seams. Consideration is given to ultimate and proximate composition and to the nature of the products obtained by oxidation, reduction, and thermal decomposition. In general, the petrographic components of a coal from a given seam differ in chemical composition, but the differences are not quantitatively or qualitatively constant when coals from various seams are compared. The inconsistencies in results reported are attributed, in part, to difficulty in obtaining "pure" petrographic components and in expressing the petrographic composition quantitatively. Essentially distinct types of chemical compounds peculiar to the ingredients of banded coal have not been found.


"INSUFFICIENT AND PARTIAL": JEWISH PROPHETS, WOMEN POETS, AND THE TYPOLOGICAL PARADIGM Certainly any one would be surprised to find how large a part Poetry plays in the Holy Scriptures. For, if I am not mistaken, nearly half the sacred volume was written in metre … Hence it is sufficiently clear that a kind of relationship exists between those subjects which God has ordained to prepare the way for his Gospel and the dispositions and tone of mind of those whom we honour pre-eminently as poets or at least as disciples of the poets … Therefore I cannot help believing that it was in more than one way that the Hebrew seers and poets prepared their nation to receive the later revelation of Truth. (John Keble, Lecture XL of Lectures on Poetry (Praelectiones Academicae) 474) Her various writings show that she has drunk true inspiration from the fountain to which she has so often resorted with the graceful vase of her natural genius. Miss Barrett is singularly bold and adventurous. Her wing carries her, without Miss Barrett is singularly bold and adventurous. Her wing carries her, without faltering at their obscurity, into the cloud and the mist, where not seldom do we fail to follow her, but are tempted, while we admire the honesty of her enthusiasm, to believe she utters what she herself has but dimly perceived. (George Bethune, The British Female Poets , 452)


With the further development of economic globalization, the enterprise reorganization by merger and acquisition has increasingly become the important means of strategic development of many multinational companies. In many merger and acquisition cases happened around the world,the amount of goodwill accounts for the vast majority proportion in mergers and acquisitions. This study takes the Shanghai and Shenzhen two city A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2012 as research samples, the empirical study exams the impact of the goodwill in general and goodwill with the different account-age on the enterprise value. The study found that goodwill has the significant positive correlation with enterprise value in general. The impact of goodwill obtained in current year, one year and two year earlier respective on the share price gradually increased, but the correlation between goodwill with more than three years earlier and share price dropped significantly.


Climate warming is leading to shrub expansion in Arctic tundra. Shrubs form ectomycorrhizal (ECM) associations with soil fungi that are central to ecosystem carbon balance as determinants of plant community structure and as decomposers of soil organic matter. To assess potential climate change impacts on ECM communities, we analysed fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences from ECM root tips of the dominant tundra shrub Betula nana growing in treatments plots that had received long‐term warming by greenhouses and/or fertilization as part of the Arctic Long‐Term Ecological Research experiment at Toolik Lake Alaska, USA. We demonstrate opposing effects of long‐term warming and fertilization treatments on ECM fungal diversity; with warming increasing and fertilization reducing the diversity of ECM communities. We show that warming leads to a significant increase in high biomass fungi with proteolytic capacity, especially Cortinarius spp., and a reduction of fungi with high affinities for labile N, especially Russula spp. In contrast, fertilization treatments led to relatively small changes in the composition of the ECM community, but increased the abundance of saprotrophs. Our data suggest that warming profoundly alters nutrient cycling in tundra, and may facilitate the expansion of B. nana through the formation of mycorrhizal networks of larger size.


In recent years I have done researches in the Palóc dialect area. In this region the diphthongs were used by the speakers of a larger area in earlier eras of Hungarian language history. In some dialect groups and local dialects of this region even in the 19th century also reported diphthong pronunciation. At the end of the 20th century and now most of the Palóc speakers do not pronounce diphthongs, this data is demonstrated in language tests. It can be detected divergent linguistic movements. We can perceive those different phenomena on both sides of the Trianon border in the earlier Nógrád county (the borderline between Hungary and Slovakia is here at the present). The geographical boundary line marking the area in which a distinctive linguistic feature commonly occurs. The isogloss means a geographical dialect continuum. In my study, I try to draw the temporal and spatial boundaries of diphthong use and disappearance. Sometimes these differences will be larger, sometimes smaller, but they will be cumulative. My corpus shows linguistic changes from the Middle Age to the present. My analysis was done by the following written and oral data: 1. The Code of Gömöry from the 16th century – the nun who copied it (her name: soror Katherina, Legéndy Kató), comes from the Palóc dialect region from the village Legénd. My resources contain the descriptions of the speech and customs of the Palóc speakers from the 18th and the 19th century (Matthias Bel 1735, from the northern Palóc region; Fábián Szeder 1819, the first and the following researches in the area along the river Ipoly; Imre Hollók 1836, from the region of Gömör; István Szabó 1837, in the valley of Karancs; Antal Reguly 1857, notes on her trip in the land of Palóc ethnicity; Gyula Pap 1865, from the region of Salgó; Sándor Pintér 1880, her collections in the western central region of the Palóc; Gyula Istvánffy 1890–1900, her collection of the folk poetries in the area of Mátra); 3. Atlas of the Hungarian Dialects from the middle of the 20th century; 4. the data from the atlases of dialect islands from Slavonien (at the present: Croatia); 5. Dialect Atlas of Medvesalja; 6. and language databases from the 20th and 21th century, my own research from a village Karancslapujtő in the Palóc area. Based on the data, I try to present the isogloss of the spread of diphthongs in space and time in the Palóc dialect area groups.


On the basis of analysis about current situation and method of ERP implementation performance evaluation, it consideres the general ERP implementation aims, proposes a index system based on BSC(Balanced Scorecard). The expert evaluation method is used in the performance evaluation. A simple case validates the rationality and feasibility of the method.


This paper begins with a brief overview of how dynamic load-balancing problems arise in teh context of parallel adaptive computational mechanics codes.


Background. Despite the recent increase in medical practice guideline development and dissemination, physician compliance with the guidelines has often been low. Previous research has suggested that physicians at hospitals with low volumes of cases and weakened financial status were more likely to omit indicated diagnostic testing or appropriate treatment. The authors sought to determine whether differences in compliance to a widely disseminated set of guidelines would exist even among the most dominant hospital providers within the same medical community.


Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most commonly diagnosed lymphoid malignancies in Western countries [1]. Although currently incurable, better understanding of the pathophysiology of CLL and the pivotal role played by immune regulation in disease progression has paved the way for the introduction of immunomodulatory drugs as part of therapy for CLL. CD4 CD25 high regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in suppressing host immunity. FoxP3 plays a key role in Treg function and is a specifi c marker for these cells [2]. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β , together with interleukin (IL)-2, regulates the signaling pathways that control Treg suppressive activity [2,3]. Elevated Treg counts were reported in patients with solid tumors, providing an additional mechanism explaining reduced immunity in these patients [2]. Increased numbers of Tregs were also demonstrated in patients with CLL, with the highest levels evident in untreated patients or in patients with progressive disease [4]. T helper 17 (Th 17) cells are powerful proinfl ammatory, IL-17-producing CD4 lymphocytes with a possible role in anti-tumor immune-surveillance [5]. Th e CD4 T cell lineage shows great plasticity, and suppressive Tregs can diff erentiate into Th 17 eff ector cells in the presence of TGF β and IL-6 [6].


We present a method to obtain approximate polynomial solutions for a class of second order nonlinear differential equations arising in heat transfer problems. We apply this method to find a approximate polynomial solution for the nonlinear temperature distribution equation of a thick rectangular fin. Key-Words: Nonlinear differential equation; boundary value problem; ε -approximate analytical approximate polynomial solution; temperature distribution equation


To most Frenchmen the defeat of 1870 came as an astounding surprise. If the conflict seemed unavoidable, a national humiliation was not. The initial reaction in France was consequently a fit of self-recrimination. The disgraceful conduct of imperial leadership, the hopelessness of further resistance in the southwest, the civil war in the streets of Paris, the complicity of the provisional government with the conqueror: the events of 1871 continued to flog the nation's pride. It was not until the first jolt had been absorbed after several months of Prussian occupation and the restoration of public discipline that thoughts of retaliation became widespread. Thereafter, in the early years of the Third Republic, revanche was the subject of after-dinner orations, school themes, tombstones, and spirited chansons in the Parisian cafes. Gambetta's admonition notwithstanding, the French constantly spoke and wrote about their loss (how often was the fair damsel Alsace portrayed as a captive virgin ?). And yet revenge was not a passion which finally prevailed in military strategy, in politics, in literature, or in the writing of history. 1 However dubiously one may regard the alleged influence of Madame de Stael, the generalization stands that France had been substantially germanophile before I870.2 The curiosity is that the affinity for things German survived the war and, if anything, was enhanced by it. There was, of course, bitterness and hostility enough. But the French tended to look eastward in a mood more


In the paper,the effects of quantity of spinel and magnesia added on the performances of alumina-magnesia precast block for 260 t refining ladle are analyzed so that the optimum amount added is obtained,with which the application of developed alumina-magnesia precast block for ladle is good.


Exchange of notes between the Government of Canada and the Government of Japan constituting an agreement on special measures concerning supply assistance activities in support of counter-terrorism maritime interdiction activities. Tokyo, 7 March 2008


The differences in regulation of the position of heir illegitimate (outside marriage) child that born from mixed couples has led to legal issues, particularly the rules of law which should be chosen for the interested party (illegitimate child) when he had to use his rights as citizen and legal resident. According to the Civil Code, illegitimate children born of mixed couples, just have a legal relationship with her mother and her mother's family, unless recognized by the biological father. It means that children born outside the marriage of mixed couples that are recognized by the biological father have hereditary rights from both father and mother. However, illegitimate children's inheritance right that is recognized by the father or mother is not the same as legitimate children. According to Law No. 1/1974 which essentially adopted the Islamic law, says that outside marriage children can not be recognized and separated by a father (natural father). The children only have a legal relationship with their mother but the children still have a mother who gave birth to them, with the understanding that between the children and the mother have legal relationship as well as legitimate children who have a father. The nature of Islamic law says that that children outside marriage are illegitimate children. Although their parents have made the recognition or endorsement but because of the children were born outside of their parent's marriage, but still the society views that the children were illegitimate. Based Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 dated February 12, 2012, that "the child's relationship with a man as the father is not solely because of the marriage bond, but can also be based on evidence of the blood relationship between children and the men as the father". This provision implicates the heritage status of the child. This means that the illegitimate children born of mixed couples still have inheritance rights from the biological father as the existence can be proven through a series of proving both technologically and legally.


The article is devoted to the current state and analysis of factors affecting the use of alternative energy sources on a global scale. There is a constant growth in volumes energy consumption, which is associated with the stability of the global economy, increasing costs for heating and cooling in various parts of the world. At the same time in the most densely populated areas (China, India), coal accounts for up to 80 % of the energy balance, which leads to an increase in CO2 emissions. In this regard, the article notes the need to switch to the use of alternative energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and biomass, nuclear energy). The article analysis the current state of energy sources in developed countries according to statistics for 2018. The authors concludes that the growth rate of renewable energy resources is insufficient, despite their advantage over traditional sources. In this regard, the factors affecting the efficiency of renewable energy sources were summarized. In addition, the article identifies barriers that prevent the acceleration of the rate of replacing traditional energy sources with RES. At the same time, state support measures and relevant legislative acts play a special role in stimulating and attracting the necessary investments.


THE FAMILY Lamiaceae (Labiatae) contains several genera, such as sage (Salvia), mint (Mentha) and basil (Ocimum) with a rich diversity of ethno botanical uses. It has an important role as a source of medicinal and aromatic of commercial importance. Medicinal plants represent an important health and economic component of biodiversity. It is essential to make the complete inventory of the medicinal component of the flora of any country for conservation and sustainable use. The conservation of the threatened and endangered medicinal species in the wild is indispensable. Therefore, protein, isozymes, RAPD and ISSR markers were employed for molecular characterization, variability evaluation and genetic relationships of some Lamiaceae species collected from various areas of Saudi Arabia. All biochemical and molecular markers revealed high polymorphism percentage among the studied genotypes. The UPGMA clusters result indicated that all genotypes could be distinguished by these markers. The polymorphism information obtained through biochemical and molecular analyses may also help for further studies for other Lamiaceae genotypes in Saudi Arabia.


Lithium primary batteries, with theoretical energy densities 3x higher than the rechargeable systems, are critical for applications where recharging is impossible or impractical, such as medical implants, unmanned vehicles, and remote monitoring. The current energy leader among commercial primaries is the Li−carbon monofluoride (CFx) battery, which has the highest theoretical energy density (2180 Wh/kgCFx) and up to 800 Wh/kg achieved in packaged cells. The solid CFx (0 < x ≤ 1.3) particles enable excellent safety and shelf stability, but also result in limited rate capability due to low electronic conductivity. Unfortunately, despite the increasing demand for high-energy Li primaries, the field is maturing with few fundamental innovations in cell chemistries in the past 40 years. To design battery chemistries that can surpass the energy of Li−CFx cell, herein, we examined the possibility to conduct multi-electron carbon reduction in high F content perfluoroalkyl groups (RF = −CnF2n+1, with F/C ratios of x>2) using liquid phase reactants. First, using liquid perfluoroalkyl iodides (CFI) as a model system, we investigated the governing factors for C−F bond redox, including supporting solvent viscosity, CFI chain length and concentration, discharge rate, and temperature. Up to 8 e− transfer per CFI (>1.3 e− per C, or 8/13 available F) is achievable with low reactant concentrations (0.1 M) and rates (20 μA/cm2). CFI catholyte sees challenges at high reactant concentrations and/or rates, as premature cell termination caused by deactivation of intermediates was observed. Therefore, to address this issue, we examined multiple handles in molecular structure to further tune the C−F bond activity. By replacing the I-ligand in CFI with an aromatic structure, the obtained fluoro-aromatics demonstrate close-to-full defluorination of RF group, yielding up to 15 e− (out of 17 available F) transfer per molecule, and attractive gravimetric energies of up to 1785 Wh/kgfluoro-aromatic, at high potentials (up to 2.6 V vs. Li/Li+) and concentrations (up to 1 M). Additionally, the voltage compatibility of the fluoro-aromatics with CFx enabled the hybridization of the catholyte and solid cathode in one cell. The hybrid cells provide opportunity to maximize the active material loading at cell-level, showing strong potential to further improve the energy densities over existing battery systems.


Nonlinear vibration problems are generally of great importance in physics, mechanical structures, and other engineering research. This type of equation is very difficult and time-consuming. Researchers, therefore, focus on analytical and numerical methods; In this paper, using the new Newton-Harmonic Balance analytical method, which includes a combination of Newton methods and the harmonic balance method, the common Homotopy Perturbation method is used to solve the nonlinear equation of human tympanic membrane vibration and are compared and validated.


With the application of new technologies and new materials,mature of production process,we are paying more attention to the new lithium iron phosphate battery,which is applied to telecom industry.The main point of the paper is to analyze the feasibility and system working method of iron phosphate lithium battery in communications industry.Meanwhile,it illuminates the issues and proper conditions during the application,which offers the new way for the application of back-up battery in future.


Synopsis DNA synthesis of normal livers was not affected by portal infusion of transforming growth factor-a or epidermal growth factor but was increased less than threefold by portal infusion of hepatocyte growth factor. After one-third hepatectomy, these same factors stimulated DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. A small deficit in liver mass, which is inadequate to independently stimulate DNA synthesis, seems to "prime" hepatocytes for liver regeneration . Moreover, reduction in liver mass and growth factor infusion apparently synergize to stimulate DNA synthesis. SandigM, Bissonnette R, Liu CHL, Tomaszewski G, WangE. Characterization of57 kDa statin as a true markerforgrowth arrest in tissue by its disappearance from regenerating liver. J Cell Physiol 1994;158:277-84 . Abstract Synopsis Statin is a 57 kDa nuclear protein found in quiescent, but nonproliferating, fibroblasts in culture. Anti-statin monoclonal antibodies (S44) recognize three proteins in rat hepatocytes in situ (53, 57, and 110 kDa) . Within 24 hours ofpartial (70%) hepatectomy, S44 immunoreactivity is lost from -40% of hepatocyte nuclei and 57 kDa statin is markedly reduced on Western blots. The 57 kDa form of statin seems to selectively disappear coincident with re-entry of formerly quiescent hepatocytes to the cell cycle at the onset of liver regeneration .Synopsis Statin is a 57 kDa nuclear protein found in quiescent, but nonproliferating, fibroblasts in culture. Anti-statin monoclonal antibodies (S44) recognize three proteins in rat hepatocytes in situ (53, 57, and 110 kDa) . Within 24 hours ofpartial (70%) hepatectomy, S44 immunoreactivity is lost from -40% of hepatocyte nuclei and 57 kDa statin is markedly reduced on Western blots. The 57 kDa form of statin seems to selectively disappear coincident with re-entry of formerly quiescent hepatocytes to the cell cycle at the onset of liver regeneration . Saferstein R . Gene expression in nephrotoxic and ischemic acute renal failure . J Am Soc Nephrol 1994;4:1387-95. Abstract Synopsis Early events leading to ischemic and nephrotoxic kidney damage include upregulation of genes coding for transcriptional factors and for small peptides with cytokine-like activity . In addition, other genes that are kidney specific and developmentally regulated appear to be downregulated. Some degree of dedifferentiation might be required for kidneySynopsis Early events leading to ischemic and nephrotoxic kidney damage include upregulation of genes coding for transcriptional factors and for small peptides with cytokine-like activity . In addition, other genes that are kidney specific and developmentally regulated appear to be downregulated. Some degree of dedifferentiation might be required for kidney 144 Literature update regeneration . In addition, the growth-promoting events appear to be supported by a variety of autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine factors.


Brunei has a multilingual society where no citizens (except very young children) are monolinguals. The dominant and official language of the country is Bahasa Melayu. English is widely spoken by many bilinguals and used as the medium of instruction in most schools in addition to being an admission criterion to colleges and universities. Arabic, the language of both Islamic educational institutions and religion, is added to trilinguals who are adherents while each indigenous language is used by most of the multilinguals. In such a complex linguistic environment, the learning and use of spoken or written English is often affected by both retroactive and proactive interferences from other competing languages. In the present survey (N = 287) females scored significantly higher on an English test than their male counterparts. In addition, females significantly used the emotion-oriented coping strategy more than the male peers. No significant differences were obtained on self-efficacy variable by gender and ability in English. Similarly, no significant differences were also obtained on coping strategies by ability in English. However, the task-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles were predictors of good and bad achievement in English respectively. Overall, English appeared to be a partial causal factor to the gender gap in Brunei tertiary student populations. Further mixed-methods research was recommended to access more details and possible solutions.


In this paper,based on ant-algorithm,we propose a QoS multicast routing scheme in Internet.We first describe ant-algorithm model and give ant-network model,then present an approach using ant-algorithm to optimize the multicast routes with QoS constaints.Finally,simulations has been made to show the efficiency of the approach in the environment of OPNET simulation software,and the simulation results show that the proposed approach can find the best optimal multicast routes which can satisfy the delay-bounded requirement and avoid congested nodes as soon as possible.


Summary A fully mechanized new method for the manufacture of Cheddar cheese, based on rapid drainage of curds in a special rotary drum, formation of large curd block, pressed hydraulically in the absence of surface whey, and automatic milling, salting, and hooping, is presented. This method, called Ched-O-Matic, has undergone extensive and large scale research investigation. The finished cheese has become fully acceptable to the trade. A matured cheese has a flavor typical of good Cheddar and displays a firm, waxy body and texture showing a few mechanical holes. The latter characteristic, if not excessive, is a desirable trait of natural Cheddar cheese. Advantages in the method lie in its easy lineflow principles of materials passing through automatic machinery. Total personnel can be reduced and peak intensity of remaining labor can be coordinated so that handling of materials is less laborious. Cheese-making is shortened by almost 1 hr., saved mainly during salting and hooping, and a more favorable environment is created for the cutting of unit costs. In addition, easier and more effective control over product quality and sanitation are possible with the Ched-OMatic method.


A methane/hydrogen plasma has been used for the gate recessing of E/D MESFETs. Source-drain resistance measurements after thermal annealing have been performed on gate-recessed FETs without gate metal to check for the recovery of the electrical degradation introduced by the plasma. It was found that the damage could be restored after annealing at 350°C.


The purpose of this study is to provide the development direction and model for the 21 century public library. The 21 century public library should have the accessiblity for everyone and provide the satisfaction for all kind of information needs. For these, public libraries would be organized by the type of users and topics and share the resources with others. Staff should be hired by the certification based upon education, research, and experience. For the models of public libraries, there were divided to three types : metro, midium, and small rural type of libraries.


The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the role of partner innovation collaboration and management support on innovation speed, and its implications towards new product performance in small manufacturing firms. This study took samples in the category of small manufacturing firms in the food & beverage sector, shoes & bags sector, craft sector, and diverse sector. Then, this study uses primary data using a questionnaire distributed to 95 owners or managers of small manufacturing firms in the Bandung and surrounding areas. Data analysis uses structural equation modeling based on partial least square with the help of SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that partner innovation collaboration had a positive and significant effect on innovation speed, then management support had a positive and significant effect on innovation speed, then innovation speed had a positive and significant effect on new product performance, most recently the role of partner innovation collaboration also had a positive effect and significant to new product performance. The R-Square calculation results show that partner innovation collaboration and management support influence 0.432 on innovation speed, then partner innovation collaboration and innovation speed have an effect of 0.637 on new product performance. This study implied that small manufacturing firms to utilize an innovation collaboration with partners and allocate more time, effort, thought, costs in the effort to innovation, and be able to create an atmosphere of work together with employees that support innovation activities. Further research is to include moderation variables that support the improvement of new product performance such as absorptive capacity and technological uncertainty.
Keywords: management support, partner innovation collaboration, innovation speed, new product performance


Developed predictive models, especially models based on probabilistic concept, regarding numerous potential combinatory states can be very complex. That complexity can cause uncertainty about which factors should have which values to achieve optimal value of output. An example of that problem is developed with a Bayesian network with numerous potential states and their interaction when we would like to find optimal value of nodes for achieving maximum probability on specific output node. This chapter shows a novel concept based on usage of the particle swarm optimization algorithm for finding optimal values within developed probabilistic models.


I describe a tensor-vector-scalar theory that reconciles the galaxy-scale success of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) with the cosmological scale evidence for cold dark matter (CDM). The theory provides a cosmological basis for MOND in the sense that the predicted phenomenology only arises in a cosmological background. The theory contains an evolving effective potential, and scalar field oscillations in this potential comprise the CDM; the de Broglie wavelength of these soft bosons, however, is sufficiently large that they cannot accumulate in galaxies. The theory predicts, inevitably, a constant anomalous acceleration in the outer Solar system, which, depending upon the choice of parameters, can be consistent with that detected by the Pioneer spacecrafts.


This paper describes a modulation scheme achieving far-end crosstalk (FEXT) cancellation, assuming that joint signal processing among the users can be performed at either the receiver or at the transmitter side. The multi-user channel is modeled as a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system, and the development starts with the zero-forcing generalized decision feedback equalizer (GDFE). Structures are derived, which combine the discrete multi-tone (DMT) transmission technique with either successive cancellation at the receiver or precoding at the transmitter. A promising application of the proposed scheme is in FEXT-limited digital subscriber line (DSL) systems. Computer simulations demonstrate that significant performance improvements can be realized in such scenarios.


The article reports the development process of Information Systems Service Quality (ISSQ) model, which was carried out through qualitative and multiple case study approach. Soft Systems Methodology was chosen as a theoretical framework for understanding ISS in Institute of Higher Learning (IHL) contexts. ISSQ Model evolved from incremental understanding and interpretation of the meaning of ISSQ in the case studies. The model represents elements and factors that contribute to ISSQ in a broader perspective. The identified elements are: 1) ISS package content quality, 2) ISS component quality and 3) management quality. In addition, the study discovered that organizational context also influence the perception of ISSQ.


Erwina carotovora subsp.carotovora(Ecc) is the main bacterial pathogen leading to bacterial soft rot of Konjac and Zantedesehia.The specific primer sets and TaqMan probe were designed based on the DNA sequence of URP and 16S-23S rDNA ITS.Conventional PCR,Nested-PCR and real-time fluorescent PCR were used for detection of Ecc from cell suspension of pure culture and extracts of infected Konjac plant tissues.The results showed that real-time fluorescent PCR and Nested-PCR could achieve higher specific and sensitive detection of Ecc,with threshold 10 cfu/mL compared with conventional PCR(threshold 103 cfu/mL).However,real-time fluorescent PCR was simple,fast,assure and more accurate.It was suggested that this method was adopted to rapid detection of Ecc for the seed and seedling industry.


an ivory ball to be attracted to the thread at the other end. A century later, a physicist and mathematician, Ohm, adopted this problem as a major item of interest. The dis¬ covery by Oersted of the relationship of magnetism to elec¬ tricity had inspired a new group of experimenters to search further into determining the laws of behavior of this new force. Ampere had provided the concept of "potential" elec¬ tricity between the ends of a wire carrying current from the terminals of a voltaic cell. Further, the physicist Fourier had established that the flow of heat in a metal bar was directly proportional to the difference of temperature between the ends of the bar. Ohm applied this analogy of flow of heat in a metal bar to the flow of an electric current in a conductor, by using Fourier's concept of the temperature gradient and also by imagining the distribution of current along sections of a homogeneous metal ring. He wrote that "the force of the current in a galvanic circuit is directly as the sum of all the tensions [along the ring] and inversely as the entire reduced length of the circuit." The difference in the values of the force at two points of a circuit would provide the re¬ quired "driving-power" acting on the current between these two points. Ohm was relying on an earlier concept of Volta's theory of the electrostatic "tension" on an open pile.


Image of Russia that exists in France is studied on the basis of classical literature. Severe climate (cold winter) is regarded as a constant.


Aging is a negative process for the organism and for lymphatic system structures, causing a decrease in protection against adverse factors. Senile changes require correction. We can improve the efficiency of lymph nodes through lymphosanation as a health-saving technology in an aging condition. We proposed the original phytomineral composition and obtained evidence of lymphotropic properties. Phytocomposition positively affects lymph nodes that have undergone senile changes. The effects reflect the basic principles of lymphosanation: lymphostimulation, lymphoprotection, lymphocorrection. Phytolymphostimulation increases the speed of lymph passage through the lymph node by 1.3-1.5 times against the background of enhanced function of excretory organs. Lymphoprotection is associated with a decrease in toxic pressure on the lymphatic system. Lymphocorrection changes for the better the structure and immune function of lymph nodes. Intake of phytocomposition has structural-modifying effect. This is expressed in selective increase or decrease of size of structural-functional zones with change of proliferation of lymph cells of lymph nodes. There is the formation of temporary compensatory lymphoid structures, so-called tertiary lymphoid follicles, as a result of phytotherapy. As a source of trace elements, the phytomineral composition has a modulating effect on the trace element profile of the lymph node of older animals. There is an increase in the content of deficient (zinc, selenium, copper) and a decrease in the content of excess (manganese) trace elements in lymph nodes. Phytomineral supplement makes up for age deficiency of trace elements. We discuss in work the causal relationship of the described effects with the action of bioactive substances of the phytomineral complex (plant bioflavonoids, trace elements and food fibers). Phytomineral compositions are important for correcting the structure and function of the lymphatic system altered by aging. Phytotherapy helps preserve health capital by enhancing the protective function of the lymphatic system, in anti-aging and lymphosanation programs.


Results: Almost one-quarter (23%) of residents required some level of assistance (11% sometimes; 12% often). Frequency of eating assistance was negatively associated with the ratio of positive to negative mealtime interactions [F(2, 632)=34.72, p=< 0.001; never/rarely=2.3, sometimes= 1.6, often=1.5]. Conclusions: Residents requiring more physical eating assistance received fewer positive interactions with staff compared to those requiring no assistance. Further work will examine the independence of this association and if it influences food intake. (Funding from Canadian Institutes of Health Research)


S T U D I E S OF CHILDREN'S SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS have always had a prominent place among research investigations because of the guidance their findings may provide in the selection of basic or supplementary curriculum materials. Zim (30) reported an elaborate and extensive study of the interests and activities of "younger adolescents," chiefly in the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of four schools. He gathered his data from a series of analyses: (a) answers to a questionnaire based on 184 topics grouped into 29 scientific and 5 miscellaneous categories; (b) English papers written by 1,161 boys and girls on "The Thing I Would Like To Do Best in Science"; (c) preferences expressed and questions asked by 65 classes viewing 9 science exhibits for 10 minutes; (d) choices by 1,114 boys and girls of science films involving use, understanding, and manipulation; (e) responses by 762 boys and girls to a questionnaire based on 107 questions "which adolescents might wonder about"; (f) 667 additional questions written upon the questionnaire blank by the respondents; and (g) several hundred individual entries in science fairs. Zim concluded that the interests of adolescents are expressed through acceptable channels of science; that adolescent interest is typically expressed in relation to a specific phase or topic of science rather than to general areas or school subjects; but that school science does not seem to be an important source of adolescent interests. He found that boys and girls exhibit definite differences in scientific interests, activities, and preferences; but that both sexes exhibit strong preferences for science related to health, growth, reproduction, and animal life.


Com par ativ e Stu die s of Sou th A sia, Afr ica and the Mid dle Eas t also rejecting partition of any kind, Said argues that the greatest obstacles for reconciliation are neither Israelis nor Palestinians, but American Jews who see Israel as a "secular religion." Filmed around the same time, both of the later films portray a man who is in the advanced stages of a terminal illness. Sunken eyes buried within a sallow face, bony fingers gesturing as he argues on a wide variety of subjects, Said is almost painful to watch in his last years. Although his eloquence and his trademark subtly accented voice bespeak a mind that is as critical as ever, the juxtaposition of his sharp mind and his dying body is jarring. However, the Pontecorvo documentary was filmed more than a decade ago and features a healthy, powerful man who has not been ravaged by illness. One of the most intimate moments in Selves and Others is near the end of the film, when Said is looking at a picture of himself taken a decade ago. It is a moment in which two completely different men, separated by a decade of deteriorating health, find themselves staring back at one another. These multiple Saids placed alongside one another are so jarring that to viewers watching the films Said almost literally embodies one of his most celebrated theories: contrapuntality.


The purpose of this project is to develop an understanding of how some aspects of native Māori theatre, literature, and culture influences New Zealand theatre performance. This project is a continuation of research I conducted while abroad in New Zealand in spring 2012; it will serve as a final summation and synthesis in a performance influenced by the knowledge I gained through my attendance at and analysis of Māori theatre while I was abroad. I intend to explore, through performance, the ideas of the female presence in Māori theatre and literature through both Māori drama, and contemporary Māori fiction I will adapt for the stage. The pieces will be in both te reo Māori (spoken Māori) and English. The aim is to see how the audience can relate to a foreign language piece, and identify with the female roles within the cultural history. Women in Māori theatre represent a connection to spiritual place and home. In particular, the story Waiora by Hone Kouka 2 expresses the idea of lost place and spiritual connection to place in a waiata , or song/chant 18 , which I will study and perform. Māori theatre carries themes similar to Native American theatre in that "concepts of character, belonging, spirituality, time, and language all emanate from interrelated concepts of place" as Christy Stanlake observes in her Native American Drama: A Critical Perspective 6 . The Māori are thought to be one of the last native populations to experience Western settlement, as New Zealand was settled in the early 19 th century by the British.  Unlike in other colonized nations, the indigenous native language is still very much alive: Māori is the second official language of New Zealand, or "Aotearoa" in Māori.  Because of its continued use the Māori culture stays alive and the language has been fluidly integrated into the Western culture of New Zealand. This includes integration into Western theatre practices of New Zealand. For example, a te reo Māori translation of Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida , developed in New Zealand by Ngākau Toa and translated by Te Haumiata Mason 10 , recently opened the Shakespeare festival, "Globe to Globe" 15 in London that coincided with the Olympic Games. The adaptation also included traditional integrations of Māori performance, like kappa haka 16 , which simply means song and dance, into Western theatre. It is my goal to tackle how the integration of the te reo language and Māori cultures work within the structure of Western theatrical conventions to convey the different cultural values. I will translate the observations and analysis from watching and participating in Māori performances while I was abroad into performance-based research that will specifically explore women's connection to spiritual beliefs and ancestral place in Māori drama.


This paper proposes a multicore DVFS method that predicts the best voltage/frequency setting for the embedded system. A smart adjustment mechanism for performance is also provided to users under various performance requirements. The algorithm has been implemented on the platform NVIDIA JETSON Tegra K1. The results show that the proposed DVFS scheme could accurately predict the suitable frequency, given runtime statistics information of a running program. Through this method, users can simply achieve effective energy consumption and performance by specifying the allowable performance loss factor.


Thalamic evoked potential (TEP) was recorded in VPM-VPL nuclei following ulnar and sciatic stimulation in humans. The latencies of the early positive deflection were found respectively at 9.6±1.5 and


Much has been made of the dark web's dangers, but democracy has more to fear from Citizens United and the global surveillance industry than Silk Road or Tor.


Poverty alleviation has been one of the most distressing factors that mankind has faced for a long time. In every country a lot of effort is put into addressing this situation. Of course the Education sector and utilization of science and technology in the sector toward poverty alleviation has become key to not only addressing this scourge but also understanding underlying issues involved. This paper discusses how poverty has been alleviated through Policy in the Education, Science and Technology sector and consequently focuses on a quality graduate at every facet of education. Guiding values and principles of Education in Kenya include amongst others; The right of every child to free and compulsory basic education; Equitable access for the youth to basic education and equal access to education or institution; Promotion of quality and relevance; Encouraging independent and critical thinking; cultivating skills, disciplines and capacities for reconstruction and development; Imparting relevant knowledge, skills, attitudes and values to learners to foster the spirit and sense of patriotism, nationhood, unity of purpose, togetherness, and respect; Promotion of good governance, participation and inclusiveness of parents, communities, private sector and other stakeholders in the development and management of education; Promotion of innovativeness, inventiveness, creativity, technology transfer and an entrepreneurial culture; Provision of appropriate human resource, funds, equipment, infrastructure and related resources that meet the needs of students. The government of Kenya has undertaken various initiatives in development and review of existing legal documents in Education. These include ECDE, Basic, TVET and University Education. In addition requisite bodies in charge of facilitating research and development, innovativeness and advising on such matters have been established. The Government endeavours to have a seamless academic movement by students from ECDE to University through both TVET and direct admissions. Finally within paradigms of a National Innovation system there is deliberate pursuance of Triple-helix type 4 in which Government, Private sector/Industry and Knowledge based institutions play a bigger role as they are facilitated by Arbitrageurs within ICT. Thus the country's poverty index has been reduced from was 52.3% in 1997, 45.9% in 2006 and was projected to be about 42 % in 2015.


A study of development management in Africa. It argues that the new task of development management is to encourage dynamic interactions among public, private and voluntary institutions, as well as external agencies and donors, in an effort to raise living standards and improve economic performance.


Single-reed woodwind instruments have been traditionally used in marching bands, along with brass and percussion instruments. However their sound is often covered by louder instruments, making them less audible to the audience and the members of the band. Indeed, the saxophone has been designed in order to replace the clarinet in military bands, making the woodwind section of the band more prominent. This study discusses the sound generation mechanism of single-reed woodwind instruments in an attempt to investigate which reed and mouthpiece properties significantly affect the amplitude of the radiated sound. To this end, transfer function measurements and numerical investigations using physical modeling are employed. The former may indicate how the use of different mouthpiece geometries and various types of reeds may have an effect on the sound magnitude. The latter can be used to systematically vary reed and embouchure related parameters while observing how changes in these parameters affect the radiated...


Based on the requirements of air leakage of metal ducts in Chinese design standards, technical measures and construction standards, this paper compares the development history, the classification of air pressure levels and the air tightness levels of air leakage standards of current Chinese and international metal ducts, sums up the differences, finds shortage by investigating the design and construction status and access to information, and makes recommendations, hoping to help the majority of engineering and technical personnel.


This paper presents a framework for spatially correlated sparse multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel path delay estimation in scattering environments. In MIMO outdoor communication scenarios, channel impulse responses of different transmit-receive antenna pairs are often supposed to be sparse due to few significant scatterers, and share a common sparse pattern, such that path delays are assumed to be equal for every transmit-receive antenna pair. In fact, in a more realistic situation, and due to the presence of scatterers in the environment, it would be more practical to deal with the received signals as clusters of multi-rays around mean time delays. In this paper we deal with such situation and we propose a subspace based method for estimating the mean path delays of the channel.


We report the investigation of excited carrier scattering, energy relaxation, and intervalley scattering in GaAs and AlGaAs. Pump and continuum probe absorption saturation measurements provide evidence for femtosecond transient nonthermal carrier distributions and permit a measurement of carrier cooling processes. Measurements performed using a tunable femotsecond laser allow an investigation of intervalley scattering.


It provides an architecture for the session lock and lobby feature in distributed conferencing framework for the conferencing session. Under lock scenario, a user may be entering the session, other people from entering even been invited to the session, the session is locked. Locking can be automatically achieved based on a manually and / or criteria by the session participants. The lobby features by providing a user notification and / or identification when attempting to access the session, the session allows participants to notice the user with access to the standby state of the lobby and sessions. Session organizer can selectively allow access to the session. This architecture facilitates the lock and lobby features a number of conference server is not the same organizer together to form a distributed conferencing system. Lock and lobby feature may utilize a media session protocol, such as SIP (session initiation protocol) and C3P (centralized conference control protocol). Conferencing systems, locks, lobby, SIP, session organizer, conferencing sessions


This document serves as a notice of construction (NOC), pursuant to the requirements of Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 246-247-060, and as a request for approval to construct, pursuant to 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 61.07, portable exhausters for use on singleshell tanks (SSTs) during salt well pumping. Table 1-1 lists SSTs covered by this NOC. This GOC also addresses other activities that are performed in support of salt well pumping but do not require the application of a portable exhauster. Specifically this NOC analyzes the following three activities that have the potential for emissions. (1) Salt well pumping (i.e., the actual transferring of waste from one tank to another) under nominal tank operating conditions. Nominal tank operating conditions include existing passive breathing rates. (2) Salt well pumping (the actual transferring of waste from one tank to another) with use of a portable exhauster. (3) Use of a water lance on the waste to facilitate salt well screen and salt well jet pump installation into the waste. This activity is to be performed under nominal (existing passive breathing rates) tank operating conditions. The use of portable exhausters represents a cost savings because one portable exhauster can be moved back and forth between SSTs as schedules for salt well pumping dictate. A portable exhauster also could be used to simultaneously exhaust more than one SST during salt well pumping. The primary objective of providing active ventilation to these SSTs during salt well pumping is to reduce the risk of postulated accidents to remain within risk guidelines. It is anticipated that salt well pumping will release gases entrapped within the waste as the liquid level is lowered, because of less hydrostatic force keeping the gases in place. Hanford Site waste tanks must comply with the Tank Farms authorization basis (DESH 1997) that requires that the flammable gas concentration be less than 25 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL). Safety analyses indicate that the LFL might be exceeded in some tanks during certain postulated accident scenarios. Also, the potential for electrical (pump motor, heat tracing) and mechanical (equipment installation) spark sources exist. Therefore, because of the presence of ignition sources and the potential for release of flammable gases, active ventilation might be required in some SSTs to reduce the ''time at risk'' while salt well pumping. For this reason, portable exhausters will be installed as a precautionary measure and used when flammable gas concentrations exceed 25 percent of the LFL during salt well pumping.


The winners of the General Election in May were not the political parties but the opinion pollsters, says Paul Baines. After 1992, when most pollsters predicted a hung parliament rather than a Conservative win, and 2001, when they overestimated the Labour lead, the 2005 election result was awaited by many pollsters with trepidation. Would their final eve‐of‐poll results be accurate or not?


Claud Russell,a British man,made a tour to the west prairie of the Northeast in 1903. He chose a route less recorded in the literature in order to gather intelligence. His travel notes made a descriptive record of what he saw and heard along the way. He described paddocks and the farming activities around them,measured the height of some mountains of the Greater Khingan,and recorded the conversations with Uthai,the Zhasaketu Duke of Khorchin Right Wing Banner. Although his purpose and perspective were to be blamed,the record of his field exploration has a high value of historical data and a referential value to the local history research in the west prairie of the Northeast.


[Purpose] To investigate characteristics and trend of cancer incidence from 2003 to 2007 in cancer registration areas in China.[Methods] The incidence data from 32 cancer registries in China from 2003 to 2007 were accepted in this analysis,the data covered population was 255 430 909 person-year with 77.38% in urban and 22.62% in rural. Pathology verified cases counted for 65.48%,and 1.79% of cases were identified by death certification only. The mortality to incidence ratio was 0.65. Specified incidences by region,sex,age,cancer type and comparison of cancer incidences between China and other countries in the same period were analyzed.[Results] The cancer crude incidence rate was 265.93/105 (293.99/105 in male and 237.19/105 in female; 270.84/105 in urban and 249.13/105 in rural), age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese population(1982) and by world Segi's population were 144.25/105 and 187.66/105 respectively. The cumulative incidence rate (0~74 age years old) was 21.70%. In 2003~2007,cancer incidence had been increasing. Cancers of lung,stomach,colorectal,liver,breast,esophagus,pancreas,bladder,brain and lymphoma were the top 10 of most common cancer sites, accounted for 76.55% of total cancer cases. The level of cancer incidence in China was in the upper middle level compared with 184 countries and regions in the world.[Conclusions] Cancer is one of major diseases threatening people's health and the incidence is increasing in China. Cancers of lung,liver,stomach,colorectal,esophagus,and female breast cancer are the most common cancers. Prevention and control should be enhanced,especially for the common cancers.


The behaviour of prioritized backorders has been under-exposed in the literature as researchers rarely go beyond finding the proportions of backorders so as to enable the calculation of fill rate. Therefore, this paper used a high and low priority rationing spare parts inventory simulation model for slow moving parts using (S,S-1) policy to characterize the backorders. From the model, the results of the average number, mean response time and maximum queue length of backorders for four sensitive parameters (base stock level, critical stock level, high priority arrival rate and low priority arrival rate), were analysed. The results and analysis from this study will help in taking informed decision with regards to possible adjustment of inventory system so that huge backorder and consequently huge amount of money will not be tied down in inventory.


The adjuvants play a very important role in the enhancement of immune response of vaccines.This article reviews the categories and the mechanisms of currently used adjuvants including mineral salts,emulsions,cytokines etc.The event of Nano-technology will provided a lot of potentials for the application and research of the new adjuvants.


Actually utilized foreign direct investment (AUFDI) and the number of FDI contracts are two indicators that could be used to assess the performance of foreign investments in an area. This paper mainly aims to investigate if these two statistical variables could be used to predict each other in the long run as well as in the short run. Data were monthly time series and spanned 2002-2016. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron tests indicated two series were integrated of order one. Both the Engle-Granger and Johansen tests did not detect a cointegrating vector. Hence, the study constructed a first-differenced lagged vector-autoregression model, within which estimated short-term coefficients were statistically insignificant. Log AUFDI did not Granger cause log FDI contracts and vice versa. Therefore, changes in foreign investment contracts and changes in actually used foreign investment could not forecast each other either during a short term or a long term. This paper suggests that the market orientation in foreign investments is growing. For purposes of foreign investment statistics, while actually used foreign direct investment definitely measures the investment level, the contract number must be treated with care.


The aim of this paper is to suggest the use of vignettes to explore how individuals interpret situations where there is ambivalence in relational characteristics with partners. Therefore, it was investigated how individuals in a software producer firm interpret concrete transactional situations and elaborate their perceptions of the relationship between trust and control. Respondents were presented vignettes. Upon their reaction to these vignettes, we collected qualitative reports that display how their assumptions led to "closure" of the situation. The analysis of the data suggests that this "closure" occurs through several alternative mechanisms: 1. selective censorship of conflicting signals, 2. inclusion of nonexistent assumptions in the original narrative, 3. focused search for additional information, and 4. critical reflection on co-responsibilities. This paper sought to use the approach of Swidler (2001), where the use of vignettes seeks to highlight the cultural elements mobilized in the interpretation, formation of judgments and establishment of metaphors and analogies by individuals. The adoption of a mechanism over the other may have important implications for inter-organizational relations research. From a methodological point of view, the exploratory research approach combined with the use of vignettes might be an interesting qualitative tool, especially in contexts where the researcher is interested in opening the "black box" of a variable of interest. This approach allows a privileged access to individuals' repertoire of narratives. Each vignette reflects a situation that places the interviewee in a situation where she is led to evoke values, beliefs, attitudes and narratives that would not be collected otherwise. Thus, this paper suggests that the development of vignettes are an important exploratory tool, not only for theoretical, but also for business teaching.


ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the discordance between blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in a patient with hemoglobin (Hb) Leiden and type 2 diabetes. Methods: Case report. Results: Measurement of HbA1c levels by immunoturbidimetric assay and boronate affinity high-performance liquid chromatography revealed values of 4.6 (26.8 mmol/mol) and 4.8% (29.0 mmol/mol), respectively, while his fasting plasma glucose was 170 mg/dL and fructosamine was 345 mmol/L. Hb Leiden accounted for 27% of total hemoglobin, and the patient had splenomegaly and elevated hemolytic indices. Conclusion: The discrepancy between normal HbA1c and high blood sugar levels is attributed to chronic hemolysis. Treatment and monitoring options for this patient's diabetes and diabetes-related comorbid conditions will require careful management.


The physical characteristics after aging of Mochi prepared by several methods were studied, and the following results were obtained:. 1) Mochi prepared by stamping exhibited much of the initial rice grain structure, while that prepared by a power mixer was of a well-mashed paste form rather than rice grain tissue. 2) The hardness of each type of Mochi measured by a rheolometer depended on the storage conditions : Mochi prepared by a mixer was softer than by stamping with no storage, while that prepared by a mixer was harder than by stamping after storing for 3 hr at 5°C. 3) The creep curves of Mochi measured by a rheoner could be explained by a six-element mechanical model consisting of Hookean body, two pairs of Voigt bodies and a Newtonean body. The shift factor-1/T relationship for Mochi stored at °C resulted in two straight lines, a refraction point being observed at 50°C ; however, no such phenomenon was observed for Mochi stored at-20°C. 4) The cooking loss of Mochi stored at 5°C decreased with increasing storage time, while that of the Mochi stored at -20°C hardly changed . Mochi prepared by stamping showed a small cooking loss after storage at 5 and -20°C, respectively. 5) The crystalline structure of raw glutinous rice could be classified as a type-A pattern, although this pattern disappeared upon heating and was transformed into a type-B pattern after storing at 5°C for one week. In the case of Mochi stored at -20°C, the crystallinity was never recovered. 6) The viscosity of Mochi measured by a Brabender viscograph after storing at 5°C showed a maximum value of 800 to 1000 B. U., while that stored at -20°C showed a maximum value of 200 to 300 B. U. The viscosity of the latter reached a peak after storing for 72 hr, and then decreased with a further period of storage.


The power generation system has fossil fuels as their major electricity generation source. This source is not reliable and environmentally friendly so, the alternative source such as renewable energy (RE) is getting much attention in the development of a power generation system. To achieve optimal power output for the power system there is a necessity to solve the economic and emission dispatch (EED) problem considering the operational system constraints. Numerous types of research on optimization of fossil fuel cost and emission roles have been focused to solve the concerned power dispatch issue. This paper represents a comprehensive study on combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem with respect to conventional and unconventional energy sources. To optimize the power dispatch problem, the existing algorithm consisting of optimization methods and objective functions in integrated renewable energy sources (RES) system is tested and reviewed. This paper presented various optimization methods applied to different test systems to minimize emission and cost for power dispatch with PV and wind. Future trends and necessary steps next in the field of power dispatch are also been deliberated.


DEAR EDITOR, Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cutaneous malignancy after basal cell carcinoma, and typically occurs in older, fair-skinned individuals. The head and neck region is the most commonly affected area, accounting for approximately 65% of all SCCs in lighter-skinned individuals. In particular, SCC of the lip represents 20% of all oral carcinomas, with the lip being one of the most high-risk anatomical sites. Recent literature suggests that dermoscopy improves early diagnosis of skin cancer compared with the naked eye alone. However, while the dermoscopic criteria for SCC have been well described, little is currently known about dermoscopic features of lip SCC. The aim of our study is to describe the clinical and dermoscopic criteria of lip SCC. In this retrospective observational study, data on histopathologically diagnosed lip SCC were collected between 2011 and 2016. For each collected lesion, patient data, clinical images and high-resolution digital dermoscopic images were recorded. Dermoscopic images had been captured with a DermLite FOTO system (3Gen, Dana Point, CA, U.S.A.) at a magnification of 9 10. Two experienced observers (E.B. and F.P.) evaluated clinical and dermoscopic images for the presence of predefined criteria. In total 22 histopathologically confirmed lip SCCs were collected in this study. The median age of the patients was 75 years, and the majority were male (86%). Most cases of lip SCC were located on the lower lip (91%), and more than two-thirds of the tumours were flat (68%), while only one-third were exophytic (32%). Based on the clinical images, white–yellow and red colours were seen almost equally (41% and 45%, respectively), and white colour alone was found only in 14% of tumours. The colours were usually combined (95% of cases). Ulceration was present in almost all cases (91%) (Fig. 1a, b). Table 1 shows the results of the dermoscopic analysis. Regarding vascular pattern, the majority of lip SCCs presented a polymorphous pattern (68%), with nonfocused small-sized vessels located both peripherally and throughout the lesion (Fig. 1b).


The "Si Shi" of Lu Shi is one of the most important conceptions of Poetry which influenced on the Poetics Classical of Han Dynasty.It is believed that the Lu Shi was influenced by Xunzi,but the old scriptures of Lu Shi have inherited the ideal from Mencius.This discovery will lead us to a new outlook of Mencius' position of the Han Dynasty.


Background: Intrinsic breast cancer subtypes determined by the PAM50 assay are reported to be prognostic independent of standard clinicopathological variables. The CALGB (Alliance) 9741 adjuvant trial randomized treatment in a 2×2 factorial design to (i) 2-wk (dose dense; DD) vs 3-wk therapy and (ii) sequential vs concurrent doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel (A>T>C vs AC>T). DD therapy improved disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) (Citron et al. JCO 2003.). A significant interaction between intrinsic breast cancer subtypes and the use of DD therapy was hypothesized. Methods: C9741 was conducted in collaboration with ECOG, NCCTG, and SWOG. Biospecimens were collected from 1652 of 2005 subjects. Multiplexed gene expression profiling (NanoString Technologies, Inc) generated PAM50 subtype calls (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, basal-like), risk of relapse (ROR) score, and proliferation score for 1321 cases (80%). Excluded samples were due to insufficient tumor (n = 181) or RNA (n = 150). The primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS). The primary analysis to determine if the clinical benefit of DD therapy is dependent on intrinsic subtype was conducted as a test of interaction in a Cox proportional hazards model (3 degrees of freedom, df; alpha=0.05). Similar analyses were performed for ROR score and proliferation score as continuous measures of risk (1 df). PAM50 subtype, ROR score, and proliferation score were evaluated in separate multivariate models adjusting for number of positive nodes, menopausal status, dose density, and sequence of therapy. Results: Improved outcomes for DD therapy in the evaluable subset mirrored results from the complete dataset (HR = 1.20; 95%CI 0.99–1.44) with a median follow-up of 12.3 yrs. Subtype analysis identified 32% luminal A (n = 417), 26% luminal B (n = 341), 20% HER2-enriched (n = 267), and 22% basal-like (n = 296). Intrinsic subtypes were prognostic of RFS (p Conclusion: The prognostic value of PAM50 subtype, ROR score, and proliferation score remains highly significant in patients treated with contemporary adjuvant anthracycline and taxane based chemotherapy. Intrinsic subtype did not predict for improved survival with the 2-wk DD vs 3-wk treatment schedule; we hypothesize that this is because the prognostic differences by subtype outweighed the modest but significant clinical benefit of DD chemotherapy administration for the overall population. Planned clinical validation studies will assess the ability of PAM50 and other gene signatures to stratify patients and individualize systemic therapy regimens based on the expected risk of distant recurrence. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-10-01.


Objective To evaluate the changes of the occlusal contacts in intercuspal position(ICP) during 12 months after active orthodontic treatment in adolescent patients. Methods Twenty adolescent patients with Hawley retainers after active orthodontic treatment were selected.Their occlusal contacts in ICP were recorded with T-Scan Ⅱ system directly after the appliance removal(T1) and after an retention period of 12 months(T2).The changes of occlusal contacts in ICP were observed. Results The area of occlusal contacts and occlusal force in the anterior segment decreased,whereas the area of occlusal contacts and occlusal force in the posterior segment increased after the retention period of 12 months.However,the difference in T1 and T2 were not significant(P0.05). Conclusion The occlusal contacts in ICP improved slightly during the retention period of 12 months.Therefore,evaluation of the occlusal contacts and final detailing were necessary before appliance removal.


Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 448, 465-483 (1995) Mass-conserved morphological evolution of hypocycloid cavities: a model of diffusive crack initiation with no associated energy barrier By Huajian Gao The auxiliary function constructed in equation (8.19) is not valid as an upper bound for f(e).


We characterize the evolution operator of a quantum system with generic spectral properties (in agreement with random-matrix theory), with a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The results are applied to the independent-electron model for the dissipation of energy: an example of a physical application would be the absorption of low-frequency electromagnetic radiation by small metallic particles. We discuss the statistical properties of the various regimes of the model, which depend on whether the perturbation is large enough to mix levels, and on whether the frequency is low enough for the quantum adiabatic theorem to apply


Coronavirus
The surface of severe acute respiratory syndrome–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is decorated with trimeric spikes that bind to host cell receptors. These spikes also elicit an antibody response, so understanding antibody recognition may aid in vaccine design. Yuan et al. determined the structure of CR3022, a neutralizing antibody obtained from a convalescent SARS-CoV–infected patient, in complex with the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike. The antibody binds to an epitope conserved between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV that is distinct from the receptor-binding site. CR3022 likely binds more tightly to SARS-CoV because its epitope contains a glycan not present in SARS-CoV-2. Structural modeling showed that the epitope is only revealed when at least two of the three spike proteins are in a conformation competent to bind the receptor.

Science , this issue p. [630][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb7269


Abstract : This monograph examines whether or not a Combatant Command Training Program would improve Joint Task Force (JTF) synchronization in a resource constrained environment. Using historical examples, doctrinal analysis, and current combatant command training practices, the study focuses on JTF challenges when synchronizing operations. The monograph begins with the relevance of synchronization in military operations. Analyzing Operation's Desert One, Urgent Fury, and Just Cause, this paper identifies significant JTF historic trends and shortcomings. Secondly, this study reviews the purpose and importance of synchronization as expressed in current joint publications. The next section examines current combatant command JTF training practices to determine the CINC's role in training JTF synchronization. Using the US Army's Battle Command Training Program (BCTP) as a proven 7 year active training model, the monograph then proposes a JTF Training Program (JTFTP) designed to evaluate and train future JTF synchronization. Tailoring BCTP to fit future adoption by combatant commands, the JTFTP focuses on producing a clear campaign plan, developing a competent observer-controller team, possessing a viable simulation system, teaching effective AAR techniques, and writing useful take-home packages.


This paper presents an outline of the 50KW Stirling engine (4-189D.A.), called ''MT79'', as well as of its performance which was built by AISIN in 1980. The engine features a newly developed swash plate mechanism with floating plates. The engine, which uses Helium, has been successfully tested for over 1,000 hours, demonstrating a maximum horsepower of 52KW (71PS) /2,500rpm, maximum efficiency of 31% /700rpm, and maximum torque of 30kgf-m /500rpm. The performance of the engine is presented with these experimental results: Engine power, Torque, and Efficiency vs. Revolution; Heat balance; P-V diagram of expansion space and compression space; Noise level. The engine demonstrates the characteristics of a higher torque and a higher efficiency at lower speeds, and with low noise. Therefore, it was found that in a specific area, the engine shows characteristics surpassing those found in internal combustion engines.


Abstract Simple defects created by electron irradiation of n-type germanium at 85°K were studied by electrical measurements in the temperature range of 80-300°K. The annealing processes observed were found to be strongly dependent upon the electron energy. These results provide new evidence for the tentative divacancy-interstitial model of defects created which explains their temperature transformation at 200°K.


The French elections of June 1951 and the serious difficulties experienced by the victorious constitutional parties in the formation of a government call attention once more to the problems of a parliamentary system in a multiparty state, and underline the urgency of a redefinition of the roles of parties and government within a constitutional democracy. These developments also draw attention to the basic constitutional problems which affect the political stability of France, and thereby weaken the Western community. With an occasional glance at parallel Italian developments, this article will first analyze the new electoral law and the election returns before proceeding to a discussion of the constitutional issues that contribute to the deepening crisis of the Fourth Republic.


Telecommunications technology is playing a key role in the evolution of truly global economies. Technical standards for systems compatibility are critical in this evolution. The various levels of professional communication required to develop standards which meet national and regional needs are addressed in this paper. In particular, The Pacific Rim region is analyzed for its potential as a cohesive community that can support common telecommunication standards before international standards bodies. The authors also discuss barriers to regional cooperation and the strategic role we, in the United States, might play in establishing a Pacific Rim Telecommunications Community.