Abstract : Like civilian infrastructure, Air Force installations are dependent on electrical energy for daily operations. Energy shortages translate to decreased productivity, higher costs, and increased health risks. But for the United States military, energy shortages have the potential to become national security risks. Over ninety-five percent of the electrical energy used by the Air Force is supplied by the domestic grid, which is susceptible to shortages and disruptions. Many Air Force operations require a continuous source of energy, and while the Air Force has historically established redundant supplies of electrical energy, these back-ups are designed for short-term outages and may not provide sufficient supply for a longer, sustained power outage. Furthermore, it is the goal of the Department of Defense to produce or procure 25 percent of its facility energy from renewable sources by fiscal year 2025. In a government budget environment where decision makers are required to provide more capability with less money, it is becoming increasingly important for informed decisions regarding which energy supply options bear the most benefit for an installation. The analysis begins by exploring the field of energy supply options available to an Air Force installation. The supply options are assessed according to their ability to provide continuous and reliable energy, their applicability to unique requirements of Air Force installations, and their costs. Various methods of calculating energy usage by an installation are also addressed. The next step of this research develops a methodology and tool which assesses how an installation responds to various power outage scenarios. Lastly, various energy supply options are applied to the tool, and the results are reported in terms of cost and loss of installation capability. This approach will allow installation commanders and energy managers the ability to evaluate the cost and effectiveness of various energy investment options.


In the last years, progress in network automation has opened business opportunities for timely and robust deployment of third party applications and services on top of operator's networks. This promise is to be held with the support of virtualization, programma-bility, orchestration and slicing, which are novel capabilities being introduced gradually on operational telecom networks. Application and service requests range from on-demand deployment, run-time adaptation, information on deployment topology and network capabilities exposure in general. These operations rely on robust and fast interaction between applications and the infrastructure where they are being deployed. Applications place network technology agnostic service requests in a format that needs to be understood and processed by the infrastructure that in turn must guarantee the reliability of its response. The efficiency of this interaction requires the exposition of appropriate network information for the applications and services to adapt or refine their requests, avoiding thus a first level of failure. This paper investigates a way for applications and networks to interact so as to ensure the expected service quality.


The numerical simulation of turbulent combustion in the afterburner of solid rocket ramjet was performed by applying the probability density function non -premixed mode.The simulation results indicate that the afferburner has complicated three-dimensional chemical reaction flow and the effects of the nose backflow and axial swirl on the dilution combustion.In the afterburner,the complicated temperature distribution has close relation with the dilution,combustion and flow of the air and gas.The intensity of the gas backflow and axial swirl and the dilution in the afterburner are enhanced by increasing the air-to-fuel ratio,and then the combustion efficiency is improved.


This paper examines how manager and firm characteristics relate to entry decisions in US local telephone markets. To do so, it develops a structural econometric model that allows managers to be heterogeneous in their ability to correctly conjecture competitor behavior. The model adapts Camerer, Ho, and Chong's (2004) Cognitive Hierarchy model to a real-world setting. We observe the industry in 1998, shortly after the Telecommunications Act of 1996 opened up the market. We find that older firms with older, more experienced managers have higher estimated levels of strategic ability. Managers with degrees in economics or business, and managers with graduate degrees, also have higher estimated levels of strategic ability. We find no evidence that university quality is related to ability. We repeat this exercise using data from 2000, 2002, and 2004. While the core results do not change, the overall level of measured strategic ability increases substantially by 2004. The estimates of strategic ability are also correlated with survival: those firms with lower estimated levels of ability are more likely to exit the industry early.


There is a demand for portable devices like mobiles and laptops etc. and their long battery life. For high integrity CMOS VLSI circuit design in deep submicron regime, feature size is reduced according to the improved technology. Reduced feature size devices need low power for their operation. Reduced power supply, reduces the threshold voltage of the device. Low threshold devices have improved performance but sub-threshold leakage current dominates in such a deep submicron regime.Reducing this leakage is a major challenge for CMOS VLSI circuit designers. Many leakage reduction techniques evolved to minimize this leakage. In this paper, we designed a basic one-bit SRAM cell usingsleepy-keeper combined leakage reduction technique in three different technology environments like 120nm, 90nm and 65 nm. Apart from one-bit SRAM cell, we also designed 64-bit SRAM architecture in above three technology environments. We are using Microwind software tool for simulation purpose. We are measuring and comparing the leakage power dissipationin different environments. We observed that improvement in the technology reduces the subthreshold leakage current and hence leakage power dissipation. Key-words: Sub-threshold leakage, Deep submicron regime, SRAM Architecture, 120nm, 90nm and 65nm technology environment.


The nature of governance in the European Union (EU) and its member states is continuing to evolve as the EU develops. This paper focuses on the challenges to this governance process in the sector of environmental policy, and particularly the role of external organizations and states in providing alternate policy fora. The policy impact of these institutions and organizations leads to more actor participation in a way that EU players may not be able to anticipate or control since the EU is only one of several arenas involved. Both states and non-governmental actors actively seek to shift issues to arenas that provide them advantages. Consequently, developments in other arenas shape and are shaped by EU issues as actors pursue forum shopping. The paper presents two cases, the amendment of the Basel Convention to ban hazardous wastes export and the EU regulation of chemical risk, which demonstrate how external players can shape EU regulation.


This paper studies the adoption and impact of prize-linked savings (PLS) accounts, which offer lottery-like payouts to individual account holders in lieu of interest. Using microlevel data from a bank in South Africa, we show that PLS is attractive to a broad group of individuals, with financially constrained individuals and those with no other deposit accounts particularly likely to participate. Individuals who choose to use PLS increase their total savings on average by 1% of annual income. Exploiting the random assignment of prizes, we present causal evidence that PLS substitutes for lottery gambling but is a complement to standard savings. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.


Results showed that the main indexes of growth properties are more siynificant than that same species,but not so far than Qingyuan strain of cervus elaphus,rate of increase for the main branch enclose is significant than the length of main branch;it is strong positive relationship between fresh antler adding weight per day;length of main branch;enclose of main branch、angle between first and second branch and the rawing age( P 0 01 );and the linear regression equation is founded respectively.


This paper reports on the learning framework integrating a web e-portfolio and two mobile applications. It also reports on a preliminary study on how learners used different systems or materials to study for vocabulary tests in a particular general English course at a Japanese university, and how they recognized the usefulness of each system and material. Participants were 66 Japanese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students from two intact classes who completed a questionnaire survey at the end of the course. The results of the survey revealed that, although the participants generally evaluated the usefulness of the different systems and materials in a similar way, one of the mobile applications was most often used to prepare for the in-class vocabulary tests followed by the e-portfolio and the wordlist.


This study used the Delphi technique with 31 seasoned leadership educators who, over the course of two rounds, were tasked to categorize the level of complexity of 60 leadership competencies. What resulted was a five-tier taxonomy based on the level of complexity of each of the 60 competencies assessed. The taxonomy also includes four categorical clusters of similar competencies and three domain levels of instructional design. A description of the Delphi technique, results of the study, the taxonomy model, and methods for employing the model are described.


Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is said to occur when intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is greater than 20 mmHg in association with new organ failure. This pressure can decrease blood flow to nerve and muscle cells, leading to ischemia and organ dysfunction. Challenges in providing enteral nutrition for abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) patients include the increased risk for developing gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation and distention. There are limited reports available on the nutritional management of ACS patients in the ICU, especially those with morbid obesity condition, to guide dietitians in providing nutritional support for these patients. Here, we report the enteral nutrition management of a mechanically ventilated, morbidly obese patient with ACS in a critical care setting by adopting post-pyloric feeding, using pro-kinetic agents and implementing PO2/FiO2 ratio calculation for prescription of most suitable enteral formula.


A stripping liquid composition for removing photoresist residue and a stripping method using the same are provided to facilitate the washing of deionized water and to show excellent corrosion preventive effects for metal films and insulating layers. A stripping liquid composition for removing photoresist residue is composed of an organic sulfonic acid compound, a sulfur-containing anticorrosive and water, more particularly 0.1-20wt% of organic sulfonic acid compound, 0.1-20wt% of sulfur-containing anticorrosive and water on a total weight basis of the stripping liquid composition. The organic sulfonic acid compound is selected from the group consisting of C1-C4 alkyl sulfonic acid, C6-C8 aryl sulfonic acid, C5-C7 heteroaryl sulfonic acid, C6-C18 alkylbenzen sulfonic acid and their salts.


The isolation of compound E, later known as cortisone, from the adrenal gland in 1949 led to its use for treating many medical conditions; the first randomised controlled trial of its benefit for people with asthma was published in 1956.1 However, adverse effects are associated with cumulative corticosteroid doses, both with long term continuous use of low dose preparations and with repeated short courses of high dose preparations. The introduction in 1970 of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) revolutionised asthma management, providing anti-inflammatory benefits with a markedly reduced side effect profile. Yet many people with asthma are less adherent to ICS use as preventive treatment than health care professionals would wish. As many as 80% of patients do not adhere to preventive therapy as prescribed,2 and both practical and perceptual barriers to adherence have been described.3


The loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) is an oceanic turtle that lives in the Mediterranean. This sea turtle has recently begun to colonize the east Spanish coast. Nowadays, the behavior of this specie in the first years of life is unknown; therefore there is a need for biogeographic studies that provide information on the areas of distribution in these firsts' years of life. In the present research, the trajectories of one year old loggerhead turtles have been studied and analyzed through satellite tracking. These analyses are the first realized with one year old turtles of this specie in the Mediterranean sea and with Spanish origin; consequently it is a pioneer study of great


Institutional repositories (IRs) are emerging trends in scholarly communication among members of the academic community in Nigeria. Global practice shows that many IRs are managed by academic libraries and librarians. This paper examined the nexus between libraries and IRs. It observed that though the emergence of IRs holds great advantage for academic institutions, many Nigerian institutions especially Universities do not have functional IRs because of the inability of their libraries to run them. The paper further identified digital divide, inadequate finance, lack of ICT skills and awareness as well as copyright issues as challenges inhibiting the establishment and management of IRs in Nigeria. It made recommendations for dealing with the identified challenges.


In recent years within the scope of 'preventive approach in dentistry' or 'non-invasive approaches' ozone applications as a new treatment modality has been raised. The oxidation reaction resulting from the presence of ozone molecule makes ozone a strong biocidal agent which destroys the cell walls of bacteria. The aim of this review was to introduce the basic properties of ozone and its effects on the dynamics of dental caries and to provide information on the usage of ozone according to caries types.


The Dundonnell Culmination in the Moine Thrust Belt of NW Scotland has been interpreted as the type example of an antiformal-stack duplex in a fold-and-thrust belt (Elliot & Johnson 1980; Boyer & Elliot 1982; Butler & Matthews 2009). Much of this interpretation has been based on the primary Geological Survey of the region (Peach et al. 1907). These early geologists identified a WSW-ENE elongate antiformal structure formed in Neoproterozoic (Torridonian) and Cambro-Ordovician sedimentary strata immediately beneath the Moine Thrust. The Moine Thrust was shown to be deformed by this structure, thus providing evidence for the foreland-propagating nature of the thrust belt. The antiformal axis was shown to be aligned oblique to the trace of the Moine Thrust Belt, and to the (top-to-WNW) thrust transport direction. Much less well known is that along strike from the culmination, the primary survey also identified an approximately 200 m wide linear belt of "generally contorted schist" in the Moine rocks structurally above the Dundonnell antiform. The 19 th century survey field slips identify a WSW-ENE trending "RUCK". New geological mapping does not support an antiformal-stack duplex at Dundonnell. There is no folded repetition of the stratigraphy or lithology across the culmination; instead moderate to steep SSE-dips are observed right across the structure. On the south side of the structure, clastic rocks immediately beneath the Moine Thrust are intensely mylonitic; in contrast on the north side undeformed, massive sandstone dominates, within which there is little or no evidence for ductile deformation. We instead interpret the Dundonnell structure as a steeply-inclined imbricate stack, lacking antiformal


Purpose – The traditional methods for process modeling emphasize the process workflow considerations at the cost of the associated process structure and resource communication. In the real process world, however, all these aspects are integrated and appear simultaneously: the workflows are driven by communication across the structure of resources. The aim of this paper is to explore a new approach based on an innovative, two‐dimensional view of the process world in an enterprise, integrating the workflow, the structure, and the communication from the beginning on.Design/methodology/approach – Contrary to the traditional methods, the workflow diagrams are not directly designed by the process modeler, but rather they are automatically generated from the connectivity of specified resource communication. The modular documentation contains text and graphic information about the entire process world (structure of process resources, structure of process workflows, resource communication and interaction, communic...


The rapid development of urban transportation not only brings great convenience to the public,but also causes a series of problems such as energy consumption,environment and congestion. The present situation and related problems of the urban transportation sustainable development in China are introduced from the aspects of vehicles,energy and management. The study found that there are some general problems such as high energy consumption,low proportion of clean energy,public transportation construction lag and so on. To put forward the development of low carbon vehicle,speed up the popularization and application of low carbon fuel and strengthen traffic management and so on is the effeclive measure to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation in China.


In an unconventional realization of left-right symmetry, the particle corresponding to the left-handed neutrino nu_L (with SU(2)_L interactions) in the right-handed sector, call it n_R (with SU(2)_R interactions), is not its Dirac mass partner, but a different particle which may be a dark-matter candidate. In parallel to leptogenesis in the SU(2)_L sector, asymmetric production of n_R may occur in the SU(2)_R sector. This mechanism is especially suited for n_R mass of order 1 to 10 keV, i.e. warm dark matter, which is a possible new paradigm for explaining the structure of the Universe at all scales.


Let a perturbation of the self-adjoint operator H0>0 in the Hilbert space ℋ be given by an operator V (or by a quadratic form ν) which is possibly singular and in general nonpositive, so H0+V on is only a symmetric operator with nontrivial deficiency indices. The definition of the sum in the sense of quadratic forms is extended to cases which are not covered by the well-known KLMN-theorem and conditions are found which ensure the unique self-adjoint realization of H in ℋ. It is also shown that ℋ coincides with the strong resolvent limit of the approximating sequence Hn = H0+Vn, where Vn are bounded self-adjoint operators such that Vn → V in a suitable sense. Essentially that operator V might be strongly singular and acts in the H0-scale of spaces, V:ℋ+→ℋ-.


August 2002: Twenty men wait in and around a brick and glass foyer at a major crisis accommodation facility in Melbourne. Some sit on wooden benches, head in hands; others lean against the brick wall outside nursing bottles, or stand smoking and talking in small groups on the footpath. The atmosphere is tense as the afternoon wears on. None of these men has accommodation for tonight. There is a stir as a worker emerges from behind the locked door of the reception counter. She indicates to two of the waiting men that they have been successful in obtaining a room for the night. Angry mutters rise from others, as the prospect of another night under a bridge or in a squat moves a step closer. Occasionally this scenario leads to abuse or threats towards staff or current residents of the facility. More often, as today, the men begin to disperse, some to try their luck elsewhere, others settling down to wait in the car park across the road ...


OUR destiny and our future, as well as every chance and change through which they work themselves out, are subject to eternal love. So long as we do not perceive this central truth our activities become scattered and chaotic, often purposeless and sometimes destructive, but in love they all become integrated round a central purpose. Love is like an electric charge that flows from man to God, and from God back to man. All our impulses naturally group themselves round this central and invisible force. Love is the gravitation of the spirit. It draws together all warring impulses


While teaching challenges have been shown to affect teacher performance in multiple ways, little is known about the transformations occurring in language teachers' perceptions of challenges over time. Hence, this study purported to analyze EFL teachers' current and retrospective perceptions of challenges associated with language teaching tasks. Quantitative data were collected utilizing a questionnaire and processed through Friedman's ANOVA and a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. A within-subjects comparison revealed a statistically significant difference between current and retrospective perceptions of challenges with a large effect size on all language teaching tasks included in the questionnaire, indicating that experience was a causing variable contributing to transformations in teachers' perceptions of task difficulty. The principal shifts in the participants' views were documented on such tasks as student engagement with language material, effective instruction for all learners, personalizing teaching, and planning and managing instruction. The teaching experience played a less decisive role in the case of teaching speaking, student motivation, teaching vocabulary, teaching reading, student assessment, and knowing students. Notably, the areas persisting as very challenging regardless of experience were teaching speaking, motivating learners, teaching writing, and listening. The study's findings hold implications for initial teacher preparation and development, highlighting areas calling for more attention. The paper presents the results of a rather small-scale investigation tackling only a few of the multiple areas of language teaching which potentially challenge language teachers. Likewise, due to a small research sample (n=208) and its limitation to the context of Ukraine, this study does not claim the generalizability of its findings. Nevertheless, the findings reveal in highlighting the tasks posing a substantial challenge to EFL teachers both at the outset of their career and following years spent in it.


The government of Denmark transferred much of the administration of its social-welfare programs to local authorities in the early 1970's. Local officials greeted this "reform" as an important measure in governmental decentralization. But, actually, while they gathered administrative responsibility, the political authority to make policy and establish priorities in resource allocation remained with the central government in Copenhagen. Professor Picard finds that three factors contributed to this development: the central government's coordinative role, professionalism among the personnel assigned to local governments for implementing social-welfare programs, and Scandinavian "corporatism."


Abstract : Recently, the FAA started a flight measurement project to examine the issue of minimum required VFR airspace. Test data were collected objectively in a manner similar to what is done to define the minimum airspace for a precision approach. Heliport approach and departure flight profiles were recorded using a variety of subject pilots flying several different helicopters. Data were analyzed statistically to determine the mean, standard deviation, and 6 sigma isoprobability curves. Results of this effort are documented in FAA/CT-TN87/40, Heliport Visual Approach and Departure Airspace Tests. An analysis of the statistical distribution of these data is contained in FAA/CT-TN88/44, Analysis of Distributions of VFR Heliport Data. These test reports are not likely to be the last word on this topic but they should serve to focus the discussion on specific issues in a way that is constructive. This report is intended to focus discussion on how the data should be interpreted, some of the historical issues involved, and the direction to be taken in future work.


Abstract Abstract: Enaminones were synthesized in high yields (70–90%) by the reaction of β-diketones and secondary cyclic amines in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSTf) as an activator. This represents an improvement over the classical method for the preparation of enaminones since yields are increased and the starting materials used are readily available.


The aim of this research is focused on analyzing the alteration of the psychophysiological and cognitive response to an objective computerized stress test (Determination Test - DT-, Vienna test System®), when the behavioral response is controlled. The sample used was sports science students (N = 22), with a mean age of 22.82 (Mage = 22.82; SDyears = 3.67; MPhysicalActivity hours/Week = 7.77; SDhours/week = 3.32) A quasi-experimental design was used in which the response of each participant to the DT test was evaluated. The variable "number of hours of physical activity per week" and the variable "level of behavioral response to stress" were controlled. Before and after this test, the following parameters were measured: activation and central fatigue (Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold (CFF Critical flicker fusion ascending and Critical flicker fusion descending; DC potential), and perceived exertion (Central Rating of Perceived Exertion and Peripheral Rating of Perceived Exertion). Significant differences were found in all of the measures indicated. The usefulness of this protocol and the measures used to analyze the stress response capacity of the study subjects are discussed.


The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relation of cognitive precedent variables (counting capability, visualizing, hearing perception and metacognitive knowledge) with mathematical competence in preschool children in city of Isfahan. Statistical population of the study was 199 children (ages between 5 and 6 years) who were randomly selected. Research instruments were Utrecht Mathematical Competency, Counting Capability Test, Visualizing Attention Test, Meta-cognitive Abilities Test, and Reading Comprehension Test. Findings indicate that counting 1 Assistant professor of the Faculty of Education and Psychology, the University of Esfahan 2 Doctoral student of psychology in the University of Esfahan 3 High-school teacher in mathematics in Esfahan


"Time is money." There is perhaps no more accurate analogy in business. Unfortunately, if there is one thing that we all have difficulty managing, it is time. That includes the ability to accurately measure and manage the attendance of staff. Sure, most organizations have been tracking time worked for basic payroll functions for some time. But using staff attendance data for long-term labor forecasting, short-term staff scheduling, or overall labor cost reductions are functions that have eluded most but the top performing companies. A growing number of organizations are implementing attendance management system (AMS), and AMS now finds itself in the middle of this movement. The rising
interest in automated AMS is driven by the difficulty in tracking what has become a rapidly moving target. Organizations must respond to constantly changing market and
industry conditions, try to manage an increasingly diverse workforce, and increasingly disperse workers.The central goal of this study is to enhance a model for human resource (HR) assignments in skill-based environments. AMS are tools for efficient management of labour resources and accurate labour reporting. The AMS moduale implemented using Microsoft .NET environment is presented in the study. Analytical capabilities of data collected by the system by means of business intelligence platform of SQL Server 2005 are considered.Some charts and figures produced by data mining tools including OLAP, and Time Series are given. AMS deals with the maintenance of the staff attendance details. It is generating the attendance of the staff on basis of presence. It is maintained on the daily basis of their
attendance. The staff attendance reports based on daily, weekly or monthly and consolidate will be generated.


New design of catalytic converter is proposed by optimization of DFSS (Design For Six Sigma) and DOE(Design Of Experiment) method which is based on taguchi matrix. As a result of the optimization of design of catalytic converter, this paper classifies Exhaust-downpipe shapes with 3 parameters to increase flow velocity uniformity of front catalytic substrate face from CFD results. after finishing with L9 Taguchi test matrix, it can be found the main effect of each design parameter of concept model, and optimal design level. in conclusion, it can be increase flow uniformity from 0.60 upto 0.80 with optimal diffuser shape for Turbo-charger.


It is now widely accepted that the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 were orchestrated by a well-financed, highly motivated and resourceful terrorist gang. Differing only in their motivation, this terrorist criminal enterprise can be favorably compared to other global criminal cartels, emanating from the far reaches of the world. Among other attributes, these global criminal enterprises rely upon little known, non-descript individuals to perpetrate the crimes. Taking advantage of ineffective, or non-existent, identification systems, these individuals manage to mask who they are, where they live and where they have been.


The cross section for the process $a+b\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{vector}\mathrm{meson}+\mathrm{anything}$ in the central region at high energy is calculated in the dual resonance model. The model predicts that the total cross section for vector-meson production is down by about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ from scalar-meson production at zero perpendicular momenta if the masses are those of the $\ensuremath{\rho}$ meson and pion. The vector meson is predicted to be polarized so that the decay "pions" tend to be emitted in the direction ${\stackrel{^}{p}}_{a}\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{^}{p}}_{b}$ in the rest frame of the vector meson. Analytic approximations for the asymptotic dual amplitude, valid for all transverse momenta, are given for the first time.


Objective
To explore the childhood trauma experience and its relation to the eye emotion recognition ability in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
Seventy-one schizophrenic patients and fifty-two healthy subjects were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Eye Basic Emotion Discrimination Task (EBEDT).

Results
The CTQ total score in the patients group was significantly higher than those in the control group (47.86±13.26 vs 34.27±7.27, P<0.01). The subscores in emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect of CTQ in the patients group were also significantly higher than those in the control group.(all P<0.01). Compared with controls, the patients had significantly lower total accuracy((86.74±6.16vs73.42±11.86)%, P<0.01) and longer total reaction time ((2776.75±703.42 vs 4321.40±1956.83)ms, P<0.01)of EBEDT. The significant difference were also found on the accuracy and reaction time of the EBEDT six basic emotion between the two groups (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis indicated that CTQ total score were negatively correlated with the EBEDT total accuracy (r=-0.390, P<0.01), and its sub-accuracy of happiness, surprise, sadness, and anger (respectively r=-0.419, r=-0.451, r=-0.391, r=-0.344, P<0.01) in the patients group. The correlation between CTQ total score and EBEDT total accuracy was also found in the control group.

Conclusion
Childhood trauma is related to eye basic emotion recognition in schizophrenia patients, suggesting that the trauma during childhood can affect the social recognition ability.

Key words:
Schizophrenia; Childhood Trauma; Eye; Emotion; Recognition


Introduction : Autoimmune encephalitis is a spectrum of disorders manifested by epileptiform encephalopathy, neuropsychiatric manifestations and extrapyramidal features. Anti NMDA receptor and Basal ganglia encephalitis are two such entities encountered in the pediatric age group. 1 Material and Methods : Fourteen cases of proven autoimmune encephalitis (upto 18 years of age) presented to a tertiary care hospital in north India between January 2010 and August 2013. Results : In the 11 patients with anti NMDA receptor encephalitis (average age 9 years, male female ratio 1:1.2), the common modes of presentation were  progressive extrapyramidal syndrome and epileptiform encephalopathy. Sixty four percentage ( 7/11) showed significant response to combination therapy of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. The 3 cases with basal ganglia encephalitis (all males, aged 8, 6 and 10 years) presented with acute onset parkinsonian features, chronic progressive generalized dystonia and acute onset motor tics respectively. The first 2 cases had abnormal brain MRI in the form of bilateral striatal signal changes with additional cerebellar and occipital changes in the first, the third patient's MRI was normal. The first and third case showed near complete response to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. The second case was already 2 years into the illness and had irreversible bilateral striatal cystic changes on MRI with no significant response to immunotherapy. Conclusion : In upto two-third patients with encephalitis like presentation, a specific infectious etiology is not found. 2 Autoimmune encephalitis should always be considered if there are specific clinical pointers in view of possible favorable response to early immunotherapy.


Environmental protection tax is a kind of act tax. The essence of environmental tax is to protect the environment and natural resources by means of taxation. The problem is not only about the tax problem, but also the legal matter. Negative external effect theory, the theory of public goods, tax revenue legal theory is the theoretical basis of environmental taxes' legislation; Environmental tax has great effect on the realization of sustainable development and social stability. The legislation of environmental protection tax should be carefully designed to deal with the elements of the tax system, and it is necessary to discuss the tax category legislation and the division of tax power, the tax collection and public participation,the tax reform, taxpayers' burden and other issues.


Counselor spiritual and religious competency depends primarily on the ability to facilitate client spiritual disclosure. Little is known, however, about the empirical qualities of spiritual disclosure. In a sample of 318 adults (mean age = 44 years), spiritual disclosure independently predicted ego resiliency, a critical quality for stress-related growth. Spiritual disclosure predicted ego resiliency over the partial mediators of the 5 factors of personality, general global disclosure, and congregational support. Implications for professional counseling ethics are discussed.


The aim of this pilot study was to identify problem areas for elderly patients living in nursing homes taking their oral medicines according to prescription e.g. the right dose, in the correct way and at the right time as well as maintaining integrity and autonomy. The study also included how the intake of medicines was recorded. Another aim was to test research protocols. The main data collection methods included structured observations, interviews and review of the patients records. Seventeen (n=17) patients living in two nursing homes were observed at sixtyone (61) occasions. The focus was on how the patient managed to take prepared oral medicines from a cup, into the mouth and then to swallow it. The following problem areas were identified and will be further studied in a random study: –potential correlation between the patient's knowledge about/attitude to medicines and managing of the intake; –decisions regarding the serving of medicines in original or in crushed form; –potential needs for medication assistance; –potential correlation between number, size and design of pills, dosage, and medication problems; –routines of the ward; –swallowing pills with/without beverage; –the posture of the patient; –relation/interaction between patient and assistant; –balance between nursing care and forced medication and –recording (prescription, administration and nursing care).


The author argues that in fact there is no difference between Holstein's result (1986) and the author's previous result (1985) in the case of the double-well potential. He emphasises that it is the exact standard WKB result.


The swell-shrink characteristics of the expansive soils, due to the properties of their clay minerals, make them unsuitable for engineering constructions in their natural forms. One of the most frequently used methods for the modification of these soils is stabilisation using additives. In this study, a new approach based on rough set theory (RST) is presented for soil additives optimisation. The RST is a mathematical data mining approach for the analysis of imperfect knowledge or unclear description of objects. The additives used in this research are sawdust ash (SDA), stone dust (SD) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The unconfined compressive strength test, the California bearing ratio test and the differential free swell test were used for evaluating the properties of the stabilised soil. The results of this study indicate that the RST can effectively be used for additives optimisation in the stabilisation of expansive soils.


This article explores the various dimensions of the relationship between tradition and enterprise in the specific context of three distinct business communities in Punjab. It examines in detail the nature of entrepreneur ship, pattern of investment, range of business activities, participation of family members and skill formation processes in these communities with a view to derive common characteristics. The analysis suggests that the evolution of entrepreneurial culture involved primordial ties, social and kinship networks and use of informal and family resources. The article concludes that tradition and modernity should be treated as duality, and not as exclusive categories or dualism.


Surrogate splits are used to classify test samples having missing values. In this work, they are used to produce different decisions from the same decision tree. In the popular ensemble algorithms, different sub-samples and sub-spaces are used to produce different decisions. But, in our approach, different versions of a test sample are generated by randomly deleting some features. For each version of the test sample, a different decision can be generated by using surrogate splits. 41 UCI datasets are used to compare original and surrogate split versions of the ensemble algorithms. Surrogate split versions have generally better performance than the original ones. The proposed method can be used within any ensemble algorithm using decision trees as its base learner.


An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure soluble erbB‐2 protein in culture supernatants of various human cell lines and sera of patients suffering from recurrent breast carcinoma. Soluble erbB‐2 protein was demonstrated in culture supernatants of cell lines that expressed high levels of erbB‐2 protein as shown by western blot analysis of cell lysates. Increased levels of the protein, 40‐ to 190‐fold higher than in healthy controls, were demonstrated in sera of 3 out of 12 patients with breast carcinomas. On immunohistological study of tumor tissues from 9 patients, high immune reaction with the anti‐erbB‐2 protein antibody was observed in 2 cases. These were two of the three patients who had elevated levels of erbB‐2 protein in serum (a sample was not available from the third patient). These results raise the possibility that soluble erbB‐2 protein level in serum can be used as an indicator for spread of carcinomas that overexpress erbB‐2 protein.


In this paper, we report the results of the experimental optimization of the 2nd‐loop configuration for feedforward amplifiers in terms of their efficiency and linearity. We consider two parameters in the 2nd‐loop of a feedforward amplifier: (i) the size ratio between the main and error amplifiers and (ii) the coupling factor of the error signal coupler. Experiments are performed using a multicarrier down‐link WCDMA signal under various configurations. The measured data, which are normalized with respect to the overall power capacity of the main and error amplifiers, show that, among the different 2nd‐loop configurations, the best compromised efficiency (13.4%) at a given adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) level (−50 dBc) is observed for a size ratio of around 3.0 and a coupling factor of around 7.2 dB. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 617–621, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21425


Large (0.02≤kR≤0.5) bubbles are levitated in a primary acoustic field, trapped slightly above the pressure nodes. A secondary, amplitude‐modulated acoustic field is superimposed to directly force the axisymmetric shape modes at a variety of pressures and frequencies. By satisfying the condition for external resonance (when the external modulation frequency fd is nearly equal to one of the mode‐number‐dependent shape oscillation frequencies fn, n=2,3,4,...) the possibility of coupling energy into the volume mode via internal resonance (when the volume mode frequency f0 is nearly an integral multiple of fn) is investigated. In particular, the viability for such an experiment in 1g at reduced ambient pressures is discussed. Finally, the possibility for performing such an experiment in 0g is discussed. [Work supported by NASA.]


It is widely accepted that strong coupling such as common coupling should be used with caution among modules. Linux kernel is analyzed in terms of these common coupling instances and the results show the presence of excessive common coupling among modules. It is mentioned that unless the kernel is restructured with a bare minimum of common coupling, it would be exceedingly difficult to maintain kernel in the near future. We attribute this problem to the lack of data abstractions in the kernel. To support our argument, we have analyzed the cohesion in the Linux kernel both at the module level (file level) and function level. Although the cohesion at the function level is high, low cohesion prevails at the module level indicating the lack of focus on data abstractions at the module level. We believe that this is an inherent drawback in procedural paradigm where functionality is considered first rather than data. Hence, we suggest to migrate the kernel to object-oriented paradigm to minimize coupling among modules and increase cohesion within the modules. As performance is one of the prime concerns for an OS kernel, object oriented features can be introduced in the kernel in an incremental fashion using the technique of object-oriented wrappers.


Abstract Recently, questions were raised concerning the ellipticity condition of the traditional balance equation, related to the application of nonlinear normal mode initialization for primitive equation prediction models. We investigate, in this paper, the occurrence of non-elliptic regions, using the FWE level IIIb analyses of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts. We found that non-elliptic regions are ubiquitous in the tropics. For the traditional balance equation, non-elliptic regions are not realizable in the sense that balanced flows are not physically possible. To reconcile this dilemma, we postulate that the traditional balance equation lacks an additional term due, for example, to the effects of subgrid-scale motions. We evaluated this additional term as the residual by computing each term in the balance equation. This additional term modifies the ellipticity criterion of the balance equation. We call the modified ellipticity condition the realizability condition. This study co...


Breast cancer arising within fibroadenomas (BcaFad) is a very rare finding. BcaFad occurs mostly in women between the ages of 40 and 50. This report details the unique case of an 18-year-old woman with bcafad. We present an 18-year-old woman with a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) arising within a fibroadenoma. This is the youngest reported case of BcaFad in the literature. Clinically, the mass presented characteristics of a benign breast lump. Microscopically, an atypical proliferation of luminal epithelial cells was classified as a low-grade DCIS. As a very rare presentation at an especially unusual age, this case challenges the current risk evaluation and management in young women diagnosed with fibroadenoma.


The present invention relates to a kind of three-dimensional touch-pressure signal input means and methods of use and multi-touch panel, the touch pressure signal input means comprises a three-dimensional substrate; a plurality of signal sensing unit, a signal sensing units arranged in an array manner on the substrate , the signal sensing unit and the deformation caused by change in the signal; a plurality of input lines and a plurality of output leads, and input and output lead wires are electrically connected to any one of the signal sensing unit and signal processing unit; wherein the signal processing unit the signal change signal sensing unit to simultaneously calculate the degree of contact pressure and the contact pressure position. This three-dimensional touch pressure signal input means can be realized simultaneously sense the touch position, touch forces size function, to the signal input of the three dimensions.


The pre-launch power profile of the section of the optical network, a device and method for emphasis. The method includes the steps of measuring the output power at the output of the section, the method comprising: using the design characteristics of the section determining the expected output power associated with a flat launch power profile, and the measured output power and the total power between the estimated output power determining a deviation. So that the method can also, the sum of the total signal-to-noise ratio variation, as a function of the power variation and determining a non-linear phase shift difference, and a non-linear phase shift difference sum and the signal-to-noise ratio deviation for each channel of the decrease by the same amount , to the pre-launch power profile based on the calculated signal-to-noise ratio variations and a function of the calculated non-linear phase shift deviation of each span of each span - a step of emphasis.


This unique longitudinal study examines the state of work centrality and other life areas (family, leisure, community and religion) in Israel among the same individuals (n=407) over a 12-year period. A new representative sample (serving as a control group) of the Israeli labour force in 1992–93 (n=942) assists us in exploring whether the changes occurred by cohort, life course or period effect. The restudied sample maturation led to a decrease in the importance of leisure, while the importance of work, family, community and religion remained stable. The increase of work centrality between the 1980s and the 1990s was found to be influenced by period effect; there was no evidence of a life course or cohort effect on work centrality, while life course effect was found on the importance of community. In contrast to findings from other countries showing that young people attributed relatively high importance to leisure and relatively less importance to work, cohort effect regarding the latter was not observed in Israel. There, young people in the 1990s tended to view work and leisure as important as their predecessors did in the 1980s. Compared with research findings from the United States, Germany and Japan, work centrality in Israel was higher and more stable.


One of the actual problems identified in industrial systems is the representation of data related to heterogeneous devices with different proprietary characteristics. A data model designed to provide a common view of information associated to various types of devices is strongly required. An immediate advantage of such an issue would be a common view of data for activities that regard installation, configuration, maintenance, and management of the devices in a system. This paper describes the Distributed Data Repository (DDR) model that aims to provide a uniform perspective for the distributed components of an industrial system, independent of any implementation detail. To achieve this goal, STEP standard has been used. The specification of the conceptual model is based on STEP AP 212 that defines the elements necessary to describe an industrial system. The paper presents an object-oriented implementation approach that makes use of STEP Part 21 file format and STEP Standard Data Access Interface.


Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/ihrlj Part of the American Politics Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Human Geography Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Relations Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Military, War, and Peace Commons, National Security Law Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Organizations Law Commons, and the Rule of Law Commons


On the basis of the principle of Bratch`s electronegativity equalization, we calculated group partial charges and group electronegativities for nonionic surfactants with Pauling`s electronegativity parameters by using numerical calculation method. From calculated output, we have investigated structural stability of micelle, characteristics of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, and relation between CMC(Critical Micelle Concentraion) and group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for nonionic surfactants. We have known that CMC by micelle formation depends upon group partial charge and group electronegativity of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups for surfactants. Also, the structural stability of micelle in H_2O solution is related to the electric double layer by the hydrophilic group of nonionic surfactants with H atoms in water. CMC is diminished by the decrease of repeating units in hydrophilic group at constant hydrophobic group and is diminished by the increments of alkyl chains in hydrophobic group at constant hydrophilic group for nonionic surfactants. In conclusion, CMC is diminished because there is no electrostatic repulsion and is diminished of Debye length by the increments of partial charge of hydrophobic group.


The article discussed the process of future mass media specialists' professional culture development. It outlined the aspects of professional culture and defined its essential functions for the media experts' work. The paper analyzed the critical principles of the model development that help form future media specialists' professional culture. The author presented the practical experience of educating students in journalism major at the Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University. The paper noticed that forming the professional culture of future mass-media specialists is a systematic process involving developing personal qualities and considering all professional tasks, requirements, and their implementation through forms and methods. The article argued that the process of future mass media specialists' professional culture should be considered at different levels of development. The initial level is conditionally characterized as information, where the degree of formation of the system of professional knowledge still needs to be more profound; professional abilities are in the formation stage.
Furthermore, professional knowledge and skills are sufficiently formed at the intermediate level, but the ability to quickly solve production problems is developed at the level of standards. Finally, the higher level of professional culture forming is characterized by a broad professional outlook, a large amount of professional knowledge, interests, skills, a creative understanding of the production situation as a problem, and the ability to solve it efficiently, creatively, and effectively. To achieve a positive result in shaping the professional culture of the future mass media specialist, it is necessary to develop at the state level the concept of forming the professional culture of mass media professionals and create a model of their activities. Specific examples have shown that the professional culture of future mass media professionals should not be simplified into a system of specialized, highly professional knowledge and skills. The article emphasized that, within the framework of educational and journalistic activities, it is essential to create a system of conditions and means necessary for the effective formation and professional culture of the future mass media specialist improvement at the government level.


• In the early phase of COVID-19, there is a strong correlation between the presence of viral RNA detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the ability to isolate replication-competent, presumably transmissible, virus. Emerging data from a very small sample of patients suggest that although viral RNA may be detectable in the respiratory tract for a prolonged period, the ability to isolate replication-competent virus becomes increasingly difficult as antiviral antibodies appear. More data are urgently needed to determine whether shedding of viral RNA during convalescence represents infectious virus or non-infectious but detectable SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid.


The lignocellulosic nature of biomass presents resistance and ?recalcitrance? to the biological and chemical degradation of the lignocellulosic materials during enzymatic hydrolysis or saccharification, and the subsequent fermentation process. This leads to very low conversion rate, which makes the process uneconomically feasible. In this study, radio-frequency (RF)-based dielectric heating technique was used in the alkaline (NaOH) pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass barley straw, so as to enhance its accessibility and digestibility by enzymatic reaction during hydrolysis. Due to the inherent and unique features of RF heating, samples can be pretreated under conditions which might not be conducive for microwave or the conventional heating methods. Two levels of sample particle size (1.6 and 0.8 mm), three levels of temperature (40, 50, and 60oC), 1 h equilibration time, and two levels of NaOH concentration (0.5 and 1%) at 20 min residence time were used for the radio frequency pretreatment. The effect of the RF pretreatment was assessed through chemical composition analysis and densification of the pretreated and un-pretreated biomass samples. Statistical analysis showed that 1% NaOH concentration has significant effect on the average acid insoluble lignin, ash content, and the physical characteristics of the produced pellets.


Household design has come into thousands of families. How to design the excellent and creative household environment requires the host's correct understanding, and the designer's responsibility of the we must enhance the cultivation of comprehensive qualities to improve the level of design.


Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress and also the motive force of a nation's flourishing development.It is the sacred duty for teachers in all levels to foster students' creative abilities in 21st century.


Mazhab Syafi'i is a school of law which dominated Malaysia since the coming of Islam in Malay Archipelago. The teaching of Sy afi'i's school of law was disseminated by the scholars thr ough teachings,


An object-oriented extension to canonical attribute grammars is described, permitting attributes to be references to arbitrary nodes in the syntax tree, and attributes to be accessed via the reference attributes. Important practical problems such as name and type analysis for object-oriented languages can be expressed in a concise and modular manner in these grammars, and an optimal evaluation algorithm is available. An extensive example is given, capturing all the key constructs in object-oriented languages including block structure, classes, inheritance, qualified use, and assignment compatibility in the presence of subtyping. The formalism and algorithm have been implemented in APPLAB, an interactive language development tool.


In this article,we comment on a large number of documents published between 2000 and 2008 relevant to citation analysis in the area of Information Science.Not only we describe what it is like now,but also we trace new theories and methods.We hope that this article can provide a reference for peers at home and abroad to know better of its latest developments.


Arts student -oriented computer education for the majority of colleges and universities, is a difficult task. By analyzing the characteristic of the arts students -oriented computer education, a new train of thought that using a computer-assisted assessment and diagnosis system (CAAD) as the learning environment for arts students in order to promote learning with automatic evaluation and supplement classroom teaching based on the topic of training has been proposed. Focusing on the system design, the paper detailed the system architecture design and features modular design and system security as well as confidentiality of that mechanism.


The botanical expeditions to various parts of the West Indies, which have been conducted under the auspices of the New York Botanical Garden during the past twenty years, have materially advanced our knowledge of the flora of that region in securing additional material of many little-known plants and in discovering aconsiderable number of species new to science. Among recent collections of the genus Senecio from the American tropics, which have been submitted to the writer for identification, two from the West Indies appear not to have been previously described. Descriptions of these plants are now placed on record, as follows: Senecio subsquarrosus Greenman, sp. nov. Frutex .5-1 m. altus; ramis, angulato-canaliculatis dense tomentosis; foliis alternis petiolatis elliptico-oblongis vel subobovatis 5-8 cm. longis 1.5-3 cm. latis obtusis integris vel re-. mote sinuato-dentatis plus minusve revolutisque ad basim cuneatis vel subrotundatis supra tomentulosis primo mox glabratis serius glaberrimis, subtus dense et persistenter tomentosis; petiolis .5-1 cm. longis tomentosis; inflorescentiis terminalibus sessilibus crebre corymboso-cymosis; capitulis circiter 8 mm. altis discoideis calyculatis; squamellis calyculatis spathulatis 5-7 mm. longis subsquarrosis; involucri squamis 8 erectis linearilanceolatis obtusis 6 mm. longis extrinsecus dense tomentosis;


Coordination control system is an indispensable part of the thermal power unit, which is a multi-input and multi-output, complex structure of the system. The coordinating way of boiler-follower has the ability of high respond to load, but this method will cause excessive fluctuation of steam pressure in the boiler, what worse is that will produce excessive pressure cause explosion if you operate in a wrong way. Above all, this paper show a new method which combines the advantages of neural network and conventional PID control to improve the load response rate of the coordinated control system. According to the characteristics of non-linearity, large inertia and large delay of the system, a 300MW unit model is adopted in this paper. After analyzing its dynamic characteristics, we decide to use PID decoupling controller to eliminate the coupling phenomenon of the system itself. A control approach based on RBF neural network is proposed. The experimental results show that the dynamic response of the system is obviously improved, the system is more stable, the response speed is faster and the satisfactory control effect is achieved.


The perceptual locus of anchoring effects in vowel identification was investigated using a series of synthetic, steady‐state vowels ranging from [i] to [I]. In the control conditions, each stimulus occurred equally often. In the anchoring conditions, one of the end points occurred more often than the other stimuli. The category boundary in the anchoring condition shifted toward the more frequently occurring stimulus, relative to the control. A signal detection analysis was used to separate the effects of sensitivity from those of response bias. For the [i] anchor, each subject showed a decrease in sensitivity for the stimulus pair at the category boundary following anchoring. For the [I] anchor group, an increase in sensitivity at the category boundary was found. Changes in criterion placement were inconsistent across subjects. These data indicate that anchoring effects occur at a relatively early stage of vowel processing. Implications of the data for the nature of vowel processing will be discussed. [Re...


The GPS modernization and the European Galileo system
will provide signals in three and four frequency bands. When
more carrier-phase bands are available, more frequency
combinations with longer equivalent wavelengths can be
formed. If carrier phase ambiguity can be resolved quickly,
the carrier phase measurements are eventually converted to
'pseudorange' type measurements, but with much higher
measurement precision. The Cascade Ambiguity Resolution
(CAR) method and Integer Least Squares (ILS) are two
methods which are widely used for ambiguity resolution
with multiple frequencies.
In this paper, we propose an improved CAR method for
multiple frequency ambiguity resolution. Instead of directly
using combination measurements in mathematical model
like CAR method, original carrier phase measurements are
used. Also, we have established a uniformed model for both
short and long baseline ambiguity resolution. Based on
simulated data and optimal combinations, ambiguity
resolution performance with the improved CAR is
investigated and compared with ILS method. It has shown
that the performance of the new method is better than ILS
method in terms of time required for ambiguity resolution
and mis-fixing rate. The results demonstrate that it is
possible to resolve ambiguity every epoch if the
measurement noise is less than 6 mm.


Samples from the upper part of the lower Saucesian Stage represented in Reliz Canyon, California, reveal populations of Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan together with specimens of Turborotalia opima nana (Bolli) and Globorotalia scitula praescitula Blow. The concurrence of these planktonic foraminiferal indices suggests a correlation of the upper part of the lower Saucesian of Reliz Canyon with the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone of tropical areas and with the fossil fauna exposed on Erben Guyot, Pacific Ocean. Associated planktonic species include Globigerina angustiumbilicata Bolli, Globigerina woodi woodi Jenkins, Globigerina praebulloides Blow, Turborotalia mayeri (Cushman and Ellisor), and Turborotalia opima continuosa (Blow). Critical benthonic speci s include Planulina appressa Kleinpell and Rectuvigerina kleinpelli (Cushman). Equation of the Catapsydrax stainforthi Zone with the upper part of the lower Saucesian indicates that the underlying Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone of the tropics probably is equivalent in large part to the lowermost Saucesian; the superjacent Globigerinatella insueta Zone of the tropics is equivalent to the upper Saucesian and perhaps to the lowermost part of the Relizian Stage of California. End_of_Article - Last_Page 705------------


The usual t-statistic is not useful if the successive observations have some kind of linear trend. This generally arises in the drug testing experiment and it is clearly pointed out by Shah (1988). He suggests to use t'-statistic which is defined by for testing μ = 0 where , and y1.,…,yk are independent observations from . We generalize this statistic to multivariate situation and define T'-statistic as where .The exact null distribution of T' and an approximate null distribution of T' are obtained. For p = 1, this approximate values are compared.


Objective To establish information management systems of drinking water defluoridation project in water-related endemic fluorosis areas and investigate the status of drinking water defluoridation project in Liaoning, provide the basis for the development of control measures. Methods Global positioning systems (GPS)and geographic information systems(GIS) were used in the study in August 2006 - July 2008. Water defluoridation projects of 1234 in 48 counties(cities, districts) in drinking water type of fluorosis areas were positioned. Latitude and longitude, water samples, water fluoride content were collected or tested. GIS was used to establish information management system of water defluoridation projects. Results We have established information management system for the facilities of decreasing water fluorine in drinking water type of endemic fluorosis regions in Liaoning. One thousand two hundred and thirty four defluoridation facilities distributed in east longitude between 39.39° - 43.37°,north latitude between 119.25° - 125.50°, and altitude between - 6.60 and 801.14 meter in 48 endemic fluorosis counties in 13 cities. Nine hundred and twenty seven facilities for decreasing fluorine were able to supply water regularly, accounting for 75.1% of investigated projects;29 facilities was .not yet completely rebuilt, accounting for 2.4%;278 facilities(supply water for 344 villages) were out of order or discarded for 22.5% of investigated projects.Water fluorine contents of 63 facilities were greater than 1.2 mg/L, accounting for 6.8% of investigation project.Facilities working regularly and water fluorine was in accord with hygienic standard for drinking water facilities were 70.0%. Conclusions The establishment of Liaoning province defluoridation project information management system in the whole province of drinking water type of fluorosis areas provides scientific basis for accurate decision-making on prevention and control of the disease.

Key words:
Fluoride poisoning; Water; Engineering; Organization and administration; Global positioning systems; Geographic information system


Distributed networks, such as ant colonies and the Internet, operate without central control. Such systems are regulated using feedback based on local interactions among simple components. In this paper, we investigate the algorithms evolved by harvester ant colonies in Arizona to adapt the foraging rate to the available food on a given day. The connection with congestion control algorithms in the Internet, namely TCP, is studied. We find that the algorithm used by the ants corresponds with the three main states of TCP - slow-start, congestion avoidance and timeout. We obtain a mathematical model of the feedback based steady-state foraging activity of the ants. We also consider the spacings between successive returning foragers and find that this process is well-approximated by a Poisson process at high foraging rates.


The study concern about code-switching and code-mixing. They are the common phenomena in our life, and there are many people especially teachers of International standard School change over words, phrases, or sentences in their
utterances. The study was based on the analysis of code-switching and odemixing
utterances made by teachers of international standard school of SMP N 2 Semarang in the classroom. The setting of the research was classes of SMP N 2 Semarang. This study was conducted to explain to what extent do teachers' codeswitching and code-mixing in the classroom, and also to explain about the reasons of teachers' code-switch and code-mix in the classroom, and to explain how codeswitching and code-mixing reflect a skill.
The study was based on the analysis of utterances, which is offered by Halliday (1975). He classified the function of utterances into 11 types, but in this study there were only 5 functions found in these utterances. They are: a) to appeal to the illiterate, b) to convey more exact meaning, c) to ease communication, d) to reiterate a point, e) to capture attention.
The study used a qualitative method. The data was recorded from teachers of international standard school of SMP N 2 Semarang. Further, there were four
discourses of utterances of recorded data that the writer analyzed. The data were collected through two ways; they were recording and taking interview with them.
The analysis comprised two parts, i.e. categorizing the forms of the utterances and analyzing the function and also the condition of utterances.
The result shows that:
(1) the total numbers of code-switching and codemixing
made by the teachers was 148 utterances. The 148 utterances were classified into two categories. The first was 105 or 70.29% utterances of codeswitching
and 43 or 29.05% utterances of code-mixing.
(2) The function of 37 utterances or 25% were to ease communication. Further, the second function was to capture attention. There were 34 or 22.97% utterances. The next functions were to appeal to the illiterate and to reiterate a point. Both of them were in which 27 or 18.24% utterances. The last function was to convey more exact meaning in which there were 23 or 15.54% of the total numbers utterances.
(3) All eachers codeswitch and code-mix in the form of Indonesian utterances. (4) Teachers' reasons to code-switch and code-mix are: (a) that is the way the teachers explaining the lesson to their students, (b) To convey the meaning of English difficult words, phrases, or sentences, and (c) To make the students easy to understand the lesson.
(5) Teachers do code-switch and code-mix because of their skill to make their
students understand with the lesson easily.


Objective To analyze the CT signs of pulmonary malignant focal ground-glass opacity nodules.Methods The CT data of 68 cases with pulmonary malignant focal ground-glass opacity nodules were retrospectively analyzed.According to biopsy or surgery,68 cases were divided into the malignant group(51 cases) and the benign group(17 cases).The CT signs of these cases were observed and analyzed contrastively to study the CT features of malignant nodules.Results Regarding round or oval shape(82.35%),clear interface(100.00%),vocule sign(60.78%),vascular convergence sign(27.45%),pleural indentation sign(72.55%),lobulation(or partly glossy)(94.12% and 9.80%),the CT signs of malignant nodules had higher positive rate.The differences between malignant nodules and benign nodules were statistically significant(P 0.05).The differences of Honeycomb sign(7.84%) and the edge burr sign(21.57%) between benign and malignant nodules were not statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion The CT signs of focal ground-glass opacity nodules(including the shape,interface definition,internal as well as adjacent structure and edge shape) contribute to the diagnosis of malignant nodule and differential diagnosis of benign or malignant nodules,and thereby provide imaging basis as treatment guidance.


Abstract. GPS data from 181 permanent stations extracted from different networks covering France and the Italian part of the Alps are used to estimate a homogeneous set of tropospheric parameters over 14 years (from January 1998 to May 2012). The tropospheric zenith delay (ZTD) quantified in the GPS data analysis is closely related to the value of integrated water vapor above each GPS station. GPS ZTD is already successfully used for operational weather prediction and meteorological analyses, providing valuable data to improve our comprehension of the tropospheric water cycle and in particular to improve the prediction of precipitations. Moreover, GPS tropospheric measurements are intrinsically stable, so that long term observations represent a significant contribution to climatological studies. The results of a homogeneous reanalysis of up to 14 years of data with MIT's GAMIT/GLOBK software version 10.4 are presented. The estimated tropospheric parameters are 1 ZTD every 2 hours and one couple of horizontal tropospheric gradients (NS and EW) every 3 hours for each of the 181 stations, simultaneously with a daily positioning solution. A quality check of the tropospheric parameter time series identifies offsets, for example due to instrument changes at individual sites. The resulting verified time series can further be used for meteorological and climatological studies that go beyond the geodetic work presented here. Thanks to the length of the data set in time, a regional climatological approach could permit identifying specific patterns of ZTD variation that are related to severe weather events. The regional GPS stations could then contribute to an early warning system.


Gabriel García Márquez maintained during his whole life an impassioned relationship with the dictionary which made him develop his own ideas about it, which he expressed in a very scattered way in different texts. This work carried out a detailed analysis of one of these essential texts: the «Prologue» to Clave. Diccionario de uso del español actual. The main aim is to prove if his ideas on the dictionary evolved in any way from the ideas which he had previously stated fifteen years earlier in some of his famous press notes from the eighties.


Combined with practical engineering, this paper analyzes the causes of cracks in the utilization process of external wall internal heat-insulation material, plaster-perlite thermal insulation mortar, from the structure of base course, thermal insulation mortar and other factors, introduces relevant preventive measures for them, and summarizes engineering attentions of heat-insulation mortar by practical project.


Precise levelling results are affected by the Earth's gravity field, especially in areas of abrupt changes of landscape, such as terraced landforms. To eliminate the effect of the gravity field, gravimetric corrections need to be used in precise levelling data processing. To find the magnitude of the correction, the measured height differences need to be calculated into geopotential number differences. The geopotential numbers then found for each point can be transformed to conventional (either normal or orthometric) height values that account for the change in the gravity field. To estimate the expected range of the gravity correction within a region of terraced landforms, an experiment was proceeded in Estonia. Gravity data were acquired in 2011 in an area where a levelling section crosses the North Estonian Klint (height difference of 30 m within the levelling section). The cumulative gravimetric correction for the given 300 m long section proved to be 1.2 mm. An approximate relation of 0.2 mm per 1 mGal was found between the gravimetric correction and the gravity value change between stations. Also, it was found that within this particular profile the gravimetric correction amounts to 0.2 mm on average for each 5 m of height difference.


Abstract Contrary to popular opinion, libraries are not stress-free environments. Working with serials can cause stress in libraries and in the professions that provide and manage subscriptions, content, delivery, archives, and other aspects of these continuing resources. The stresses inherent in the serials information chain are exacerbated in a climate of rapidly expanding content, technology, and end-user expectations compounded by a global economic downturn. Two science librarians, a cataloging coordinator, and a serials agent field representative describe challenges in their professions and offer advice on how to cope with the resulting stress.


The article is devoted to manufacturing of highquality products one of the most promising methods of RP — technology. Is provided Brief description of the principle working of the method and equipment, on which was manufactured prototypes. The morphology obtained in the mode of atomic force microscopy explains the mechanism of formation of the surface layer prototypes. Also according to the results obtained using coordinate measuring machine has been set, that the deviation of the forms of mutual position of surfaces of all experienced samples manufactured by the method of DLP is reduced to a single pattern. Analysis of the results of the study gave opportunity to establish the most important factors influencing the roughness and the accuracy parameters of the samples. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude about the prospects and possibilities of application of the method DLP RP technology in the engineering industry for manufacturing high quality products.


Quantitative assessment of climate effects is needed to help understand the spatial distribution of change to species habitat and species distribution that may occur in the next 100 years. This can provide insight for developing mitigation and adaptation actions for species survival on a park-level basis. We modeled the potential impacts of projected temperature change on habitat suitability for desert tortoise, Shivwits milk-vetch, and American pika in and around Zion National Park, Utah. We used species distribution models with historical temperature data from weather stations and climate projections of temperature to determine the location and suitability of present-day potential habitat and potential habitat in the year 2100. Our analysis was not intended to predict habitat quality or how species might respond. Rather, it was intended to map the location of potential or suitable habitat in Zion. Results indicated suitable habitat may increase in area for Shivwits milk-vetch, increase in suitability for the desert tortoise, but decline in area for American pika. Based on these findings, we made interpretations that summarized species vulnerability and potential impacts on species habitat and on park management. This type of information can serve as a starting point for developing a practical adaptation framework that considers potential management options at different temporal and spatial scales.


Immunotherapy aims to treat diseases by regulating immune function of the body.Compared with traditional radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other treatment methods, immunotherapy causes fewer side effects.And Inducible regulatory T cell (iTreg) is very important for homeostasis and therapeutically induced T-cell tolerance.The application of iTreg cells in cellular immunotherapy for colitis, graft rejection and autoimmune diseases of central nervous system has a beneficial effect.However, the lack of specific markers in iTreg cells makes it difficult to study the mechanism of iTreg cells.This review explores the latest research in the classification and function of iTreg cells, the inhibitory of iTreg cells in vitro and in vivo, the inhibition function of iTreg cells, and tissue-specific Treg cells.

Key words:
Inducible regulatory T cell; Immunotherpy


Since 1969 to date, the Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Library's experience in managing the special collection of United Nations documents and publications has developed along with the United Nations System of Depository Libraries evolution. Fifty years of a collection is a cultural and intellectual heritage demanding in terms of conservation and transmission to the next generations and unfortunately it is easy to make the mistake that everything is at disposal online, that paper has no more future, or that everything is free on the web. Belonging to a system with precise rules helps to manage the unavoidable transition to the electronic format keeping consistent with the tasks engaged and with the possibility to offer concrete solutions to the scientific community to which one belongs. Scientific community which produced in place and whose intellectual heritage deserves to be transmitted; as it is the case of the special collection professor Giuseppe Biscottini.


Radiation damage is a limiting factor in macromolecular X-ray crystallography diffraction experiments. Global damage leads to a unit cell size increase and non-isomorphism, and to a loss of long range crystal order which is visible in the decay of the diffraction pattern and loss of high resolution information during data collection. Specific damage causes detectable changes at particularly susceptible sites in the protein structure [1,2], such as the reduction of metallo-centres, elongation and subsequent breaking of disulphide bonds and decarboxylation of aspartate and glutamate residues. Between and within these groups the decay does not happen uniformly at equal rates throughout the protein, leading to preferential specific damage. Specific damage can result in misleading biological conclusions on protein mechanism and function being drawn. We have defined a new atom-specific metric, BDamage, which facilitates the identification of protein regions susceptible to specific radiation damage as well as the quantification of the susceptibility, allowing further investigations into preferential specific damage. BDamage has been validated using a paired set of lowdose/high-dose protein structures [3]. Results show that BDamage successfully separates susceptible residues from stable parts of the protein. A non-redundant subset of previously refined structures submitted to the PDB was then analyzed for indications of specific radiation damage. BDamage indicates that the distribution of specific damage is independent of secondary protein structure or disulphide bond configuration, but shows a correlation with solvent accessibility. Results indicate a possible use of BDamage as a quality control metric for structure submission. Further research into an alternative quantification of real-space specific radiation damage, using the decay of electron density over multiple datasets, is outlined.


The article highlights the experience of an American manager transferred to work in Japan. The manager finds the social and business culture of Tokyo to be very different from his home country. The experience becomes so frustrating as to make him and his wife consider giving up and going back to the United States. The article offers an important case study for exploration of factors that impact effective international assignments. The article shines the light on the need for training that incorporates cultural awareness and effective business practices. The intended contribution of this article is to summarize the case and outline the international human resources practices of the firm and how they can proactively improve things for future expatriates. It examines the problem the expatriate and his family are facing and provides suggested alternatives and an implementation plan as to how the issue can be resolved.


Electric Santeria: Racial and Sexual Assemblages of Transnational Religion. By Aisha M. Beliso-De Jesus. (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. Pp. xvii + 282, preface, acknowledgments, introduction, epilogue, glossary, notes, references, index.)In Electric Santeria, Aisha Beliso-De Jesus provides a welcome ethnographic reconsideration of transnational religious flows connecting contemporary Cuban religious practitioners into a global field of African Atlantic religiosity. What distinguishes her intervention in an increasingly crowded field of study is an innovative theoretical approach to "form[s] of sensual travel and electrifying mobility" (p. 6). As her electrical metaphors suggest, this ethnography is especially sensitive to the world-making effects of currents and connections, as these produce what she describes as "assemblages" of spiritual energies, physical sensations, traveling media and bodies, and international networks of information and affect, in order to suggest how religious practices partake of gendered, racialized, and sexualized postcolonial and (neo)imperial orders.Beliso-De Jesus' multi-sited ethnography of religious flows, then, moves us beyond an increasingly stale analysis of transnationalism that simply compares what are too often assumed to be stable, primordial identities and practices "here" and "there" (or worse yet, in trying to adjudicate authenticity or origins), and that goes no further than asking how migration affects religion or how technology mediates dispersed religious community. Instead, Beliso-De Jesus expressly questions the universality of underlying assumptions of religious transcendence and mediation through space and time. Drawing in particular on Matthew Engelke and Charles Hirschkind's debate over the universality of mediation in religion (Matthew Engelke, "Response to Charles Hirschkind: Religion and Transduction," Social Anthropology 19:97-102, 2011; Charles Hirschkind, "Media, Mediation, Religion," Social Anthropology 19:90-7, 2011), she argues for abandoning an analytic that is tacitly (even at times overtly) informed by Christian theologies of transcendence and transubstantion and the pervasive dualisms these generate (e.g., sacred/ profane, public/private, local/global) (pp. 725).She instead adopts Karen Barad's relational physics of "entanglement" (in Meeting the Universe Halfway, Duke University Press, 2007) to propose centering her ethnographic analysis on what she calls "copresence." As developed in her introduction and first chapter, "copresence" derives from the emic Cuban folk religious notion of presencias that describes the "complex multiplicity" of embodied sensations of spirits in interaction with the living (p. 7). But rather than limiting this concept to the performative entanglement of the living and the dead producing specifically religious experience, for example, as manifested in spirit possession, she makes the crucial move of using "copresence" to describe our experiences of being-in-theworld and social relations more generally-that is, all of what we experience as reality ("ontology" being the mot du jour). Of "copresence," she says: "It is a somatic experience of walking with (copresence) rather than solely a mind that is reaching toward an unobtainable (transcendence)" (p. 75). And so she uses "copresence" to describe not only spirits and santos (deities of Santeria), but persons, bodies, ritual objects, videos and other technologies, entire religious lineages, and even affective, corporeal, and relational schemata (producing configurations of "race," "gender," and "sexuality"; pp. 32, 38) that partake in "trance-nationalism."The copresence at the heart of her ethnographic study is eminent santero Alfredo Calvo Cano, a lifelong, deeply rooted resident of Matanzas, Cuba, who nonetheless became an international presence through his formidably large transnational network of godchildren, including Beliso-De Jesus herself. …


195 indicates that multiple forms of discrimination, such as racism and heterosexism, are associated with increased risk of mental health problems. Additionally, our current understanding is limited about the potential intergenerational impacts of racism and their related epigenetic effects, with emerging evidence suggesting that these processes are likely to be operative. Research on racism and mental health, to date, has focused more on documenting that racism matters than on identifying interventions to minimize the adverse effects of exposure to racism and reduce the occurrence of racism in the first place. Some evidence suggests that psychosocial resources such as social ties and religious involvement can reduce some of the negative effects of discrimination on mental health. However, effectively addressing the multifactorial impacts of racism on mental health will require multilevel societal interventions that seek to build racial equity into homes, schools, neighborhoods and workplaces to minimize current racial economic gaps and improve socioeconomic and living conditions for the disadvantaged. Interventions around resiliency and cultural/structural competency in the medical field have shown some promise, but more concerted attention is needed to address the multiple and interconnected systems through which racism operates. Diversifying the mental health workforce in terms of including underrepresented racial/ethnic groups and professional experience (e.g., medicine, social work, religion) is also a necessary step towards addressing inequities in mental health care. Comprehensive, coordinated, strategic initiatives are needed both within and outside of psychiatry and medicine to better understand, prevent and effectively intervene on the effects of racism on mental health.


EPR spectroscopy was used to assess the radicals produced upon basic decomposition of N,N-bis-(3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinon-2-yl) amine (BClNQA). Three radicals have been trapped and identified: N′-bis(3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone) hydrazine radical (6), 2-hydroxy-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone anion radical (9) and 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone radical (8). The probable reaction mechanism, the structure of intermediates as well as the reaction profile are discussed.


The aim of this thesis is to study how tableware china has developed, on the basis of social and cultural changes, during the latter period of Chosun Dynasty. First, general sociological background of Chosun Dynasty has been reviewed. To examine the kinds of tableware china and their use during this period, this thesis is based on Asakawa Dakumis 'A ceramic ware of Chosun Dynasty' one of the most thorough references available in the field. Various antiques and remains of different periods were compared to study the changes in tableware china types and uses In conclusion, the development in food culture brought the changes in tableware china. Tableware china and food has developed together complementarily throughout the latter period of Chosun Dynasty.


In large-scale multi-agent systems, communication plays an enabling 1 role for the cooperation of agents. Recent work ensures communication in multi2 agent systems by designing several network structures, and therefore the network 3 complexity grows exponentially as the number of agent grows. Some previous ap4 proaches attempted modeling a multi-agent system as a graph to rationally control 5 the relationship of agents, and reported works using one-dimensional edge fea6 tures for general graph neural networks cannot support the transmission of suffi7 cient information and therefore led to limited performance. In this paper, we show 8 how multi-dimensional edge feature can effectively model the relationship be9 tween agents (nodes) in a graph neural network with our proposed Edge-enhanced 10 Multi-Agent framework (EGMA). Combining EGMA with policy or value based 11 multi-agent learning algorithms, our method can significantly improve the perfor12 mance in large-scale multi-agent systems. As shown in our experiments under the 13 Traffic Junction and the StarCraft environments, the results indicate the advan14 tages of the presented multi-dimensional edge feature for agent communication. 15


The invention relates to an exhaust gas turbocharger (1) having a turbine housing (2), comprising a bypass channel (10) having a bypass opening (9); and with a control flap (3) which is mounted in the turbine housing (2) pivotable between a closed position and an open position, wherein the control valve (3) comprising in its closed position on a support area (8) of the bypass opening (9) exhaust gas-carrying housing (11 ) rests, wherein (in the Turbinengehausewandung 11) (in the contact area 8) of the control flap (3) and / or the control flap (3) at least one Stromungsstorstelle (12A, 12B; 23A, 23B) is arranged.


The recent research article by McIsaac and colleagues[1][1] has generated some important discussions and reflections within our perioperative and quality teams, some of which we would like to share with the readership.

First and foremost, although press coverage may vary with regard to highlighting


The study mainly explores the surface profile of sapphire wafer after polishing by the method of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Pattern-free polishing slurry with SiO2 abrasive particle is used to polish the sapphire wafer. This paper observes the phenomena of surface profile and surface scratches of sapphire wafer under different pressures and different rotational velocities during CMP. The study uses atomic force microscope (AFM) to scan the surface of sapphire wafer focusing on three axial lines of 0∘, 45∘and 90∘from the position of near edge passing the center of sapphire wafer. The study also selects five positions on a specific area to draw the surface profiles on the axial lines of 0∘, 45∘and 90∘. It can be observed that the central area of sapphire wafer has lower depression than other areas because the central area is polished more polishing times. Besides, the depression on the central area of sapphire wafer has a greater depression value and it has more and larger surface scratches when it is polished under a greater down force and at a faster rotational velocity.


Recent years have seen increased pressures on psychiatrists to work closely
with user/survivor and carer groups. We argue that although many groups are
happy for this to remain at the level of consultation, there are growing
demands from more radical elements of the user/survivor movement for moves
towards a more collaborative framework. A number of these groups challenge
some of the central assumptions of psychiatry. For productive engagement and
collaboration to take place, psychiatry will have to be able to react
positively, not defensively, to these challenges. We suggest that this raises
questions about how we should think about the nature of science, truth and
expertise.


A coppicing technique was used to determine the incidence and distribution of latent and unrecognized infection around naturally occurring outbreaks of cacao swollen-shoot virus disease in Western Nigeria. All the apparently healthy trees within 30 yards of eighty outbreaks of various sizes were coppiced and most of the infected stumps which regenerated showed symptoms within a year.

The distribution of the infected stumps around thirty-five outbreaks studied in detail is expressed by the equation log10I=a+bx. I is the estimated intensity of infection in the coppiced stumps at distance x from the nearest infected tree removed at the time of coppicing. The constant a determines the height of the peak of the infection gradient and increases with outbreak size, whereas the slope of the gradient, determined by the negative constant b, is similar around all outbreaks.

The results are consistent with information on the movement of the mealybugs and spread of cacao swollen-shoot virus in outbreaks. Moreover, they indicate that outbreaks are controlled most economically by removing all obviously infected trees and adjacent apparently healthy ones. Control does not require the destruction of all the trees around outbreaks up to a distance of 30 yards as done previously, but can be achieved by felling fewer trees, the actual number depending on the size of the outbreak.


We recorded H-reflex using 4 × 4 multi-pad EMG electrodes on muscle Soleus from 4 healthy subjects. The results indicate that the new proposed method of recording H-reflex provides more information than standard bipolar or unipolar EMG recording, since it enables spatial and temporal parameters assessment. We have developed an algorithm which can automatically select the H-reflex with maximum peak to peak amplitude. We also examined the H-reflex propagation by the use of EMG topography map based on the latency.


ABSTRACT This research examined the ways in which pre-service primary teachers' experiences of physical education during the practicum influenced the development of their identities as teachers of physical education. Guided by a social constructivist view of identity, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 pre-service teachers over one academic year, which involved two four-week practicum placements. Participants' observations and experiences of teaching physical education during the practicum led them to interpret ways in which they considered themselves similar or different to those teachers responsible for teaching physical education in their placement schools. In this way, participants articulated the extent to which they identified as teachers of physical education following two practicum placements. Recommendations are offered for improving the ways in which pre-service programmes support the development of primary teachers' identities across subject areas.


We consider a Nernst-Planck-Poisson system modelling ion migration through biological membranes, in the one dimensional case. The model includes both the effects of biochemical reaction between ions and of fixed charges. We state the existence of solutions under either an imposed potential condition or an imposed current condition. We study the asymptotical behaviour of solutions in the limit of electroneutrality. Non uniform convergence gives rise to jump in the potential, known as Donnan potential. Finally we give correctors which describe the charged boundary layers.


The polarographic method of determining the total chrome(Ⅵ)in leather was studied in the basic solution of KHC8H4O4 buffer with EGTA.Different electrolyte and instrumental working conditions were optimized.The linear range is 0.024 μg/mL-86 μg/mL,and the detection limit is 0.008 μg/mL.The recovery rate is 98%-104% and the RSD of determination for concentrations of 2.00 μg/mL chrome is less than 1.76%.For its good selectivity,high sensitivity,accuracy and practicality,the proposed method is suitable for the determination of chrome in leather.