Shifting from intra-regional trade to that of investment is the major aim of the economic integration of Southeast Asia. This article attempts to analyse the two essential factors of it, one is intra-regional trade and two is economic community. For the first analysis it selects Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand as the observed countries and for the second analysis it takes Indonesia as the field study. Firstly, this article finds that free trade agreement is effective to increases intra-regional trade but ineffective to attract investment therefore Southeast Asia needs to amplify its open-regionalism principle. Secondly, it finds that private sector is ready towards the economic community therefore the ASEAN Economic Community is fit for the recent Southeast Asia's integration.


Committee? Most all other authors have written from the outside. This book is an "inside job" written by the same two lawyers who were there from the first day and who accompanied the Committee's work for a quarter century, by the people who wrote the rules of procedure and its many amendments, who developed the format of the annual reports, who sought permission to compile, publish and comment the series Selected Decisions of the Human Rights Committee, who anticipated the needs of the Committee and wrote the working papers that led to the establishment of the functions of a Special Rapporteur on New Communications, a Special Rapporteur on Follow-Up of Views. The handbook also has by far the best bibliography on the Committee thus far available. However, since this is a handbook and not a law review article, the authors refrain from criticizing some obviously wrong decisions by the Committee. This may be explainable by the fact that as old UN staffers they still exercise too much deference toward the outside experts. One senses their discomfort with some decisions, for example Karakurt v. Austria and Ross v. Canada, but nowhere do the authors say, here the Committee went too far or not far enough. Maybe a second edition may give the reader more such insights—at least in the footnotes. A new edition may also improve on the index, which, while useful, could be expanded. It can be said without fear of contradiction that this handbook is an academic job well done and a significant scholarly achievement. It belongs in every university, IGO, and NGO library.


The polarity of AlN films grown epitaxially on the Si(0001) and C(0001̄) faces of 6H–SiC substrates utilizing molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were investigated. A number of small pits with sizes less than 10–20 nm were observed on the AlN surface. The pits in AlN film on the Si face combined with neighboring ones to form linear dents, while those on the C face were isolated from each other. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement showed clear differences in the binding energy of Al2p and N1s core levels and in the intensity ratios of IN1s/IAl2p between the AlN films on the Si and C faces. The XPS spectra also showed that more oxygen was contained in the AlN film grown on the Si face than that on the C face. The results reveal that the {0001} surfaces of AlN films grown on the Si and C faces are terminated with aluminum and nitrogen, respectively.


In this paper, the AP clustering algorithm is improved by defining a new similarity to be applied in the polarimetric SAR image classification. On this basis, a new unsupervised classification method is proposed which combines the Four-component decomposition and the improved AP clustering. The proposed method mainly consists of three steps: Firstly, Four-component decomposition is adopted to produce initial segmentation. Secondly, the improved affinity propagation clustering based on the Wishart distance measure is applied on the initial segmentation to merge clusters and obtain an appropriate number of categories. Finally, an iterative algorithm based on the complex wishart density function is applied. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by the test with NASA/JPL AIRSAR L-band data of San Francisco and Flevoland.


Using a novel acid extraction procedure.the acid—soluble proteins from a thermo—and acido-philic archaebacterium Suifosphaerelus thermoacidophilum were isolated,and analysised by SDS-PAGE and AUT—PAGE with the calf thymus histones.which were isolated by the same procedure,as a contro1. The neutral Azocarmin G staining technique,which specificaly stains basic chromatin protein。was used. The results suggested that the archaebacterium owns three major basic chromatin proteins.the molecular weight of al the basic proteins was smaUer than calf thymus histone H4 (MW 1 1 282). Different artchaebacterium possesses very different basic chromatin (histone—like)proteins.The biodiversity of these proteins was very rich.The significance of their biodiversity to the origin and evolution of histone was discussed. Ke wards archaebacteria.basic chromatin protein.biodiversity histone evlution Archaebacteria are a group of prokaryotes, which are very different from another group of prokaryotes—eubacteria such as E.coli.Since the discovery of archaebac4eria in the late 1 970s,the growing evidences,especialy of molecular biology, strongly suggests that they have much closer evolutionary relationship with eukaryotic cel than eubacteria do. The discovery of archaebacteria sheds new light on the mystery of the origin and evolutin of eukaryotic cel1. Almost every typic eukaryotic cell owns the basic chromatin protein—————histone.It is also clear that histone (H1,H2A,H2B.H3,H4)is very conserved among different eukaryotes.and the four core histones have a high homology to each other,they must come from a common ancestral protein (Reeck et a1.1 978).But what is the ancestral protein and where to find it?Although a lot of work about this have been done on lower eukaryotes such as dinoflagellates and on prokaryotes eubacteria , no significant clue was found. W hile on archaebacteria this is not the case at al1.Up to now , no common basic chromatin protein was discovered in them.they are different in different species . It is the difference (or biodiversity)that provides the possibility for us to find some evolutionary clue of histone in archaebacteria.In fact.some interesting results have been obtained,the HMf , HM t,HM v proteins, for instance, are three basic chromatin proteins discovered in three methanogenic archaebacteria,they have a very high homology to the four core histones (Sandman et a1 . 1 990: Tabassum et a1.1992:Agha—Amiri and Klein 1993).In the present work,we have investigated the ·66· 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com


This study aimed at identifying chemical and microorganism contamination in foods of street vendors around Institut Agama Islam (IAIN) Syekh Nurjati Cirebon. The samples are meatball, cilok, grilled fish cake, nuggets, rolade, sauce, crackers, and iced water drinks. The sample tests are formalin test, borax test, Rodhamine B test, Methanyl Yellow test, and Coliform & Escherichia coli MPN test. The results showed that some food samples like meatball, cilok, grilled fish cake, nuggets,and rolade were positive of formalin & borax contaminated. The iced water drinks are contaminated by Coliform & E. coli. The other samples like sauce and crackers  were negative of Rhodamine B & Methanyl Yellow contaminated. In conclusion, according to this study, the foods of street vendors at IAIN Cirebon are not yet safe to be consumed.


The utility model discloses an automatic rescue and positioning crutch, which belongs to a crutch of walking tools. The shape of the crutch is similar to that of an ordinary crutch, an integral shell of a crutch body is made of ABS plastic and is hollow, the end head of a handle is provided with a detachable first aid box, a power supply and a two-shift power supply switch are arranged above the detachable first aid box, a liquid crystal panel and a communication module are combined into an outside panel of a communication device box, are positioned at the upper part of the communication box, and can be opened through a rubber cover, an LED lamp and a data interface are arranged on the communication module, components and formed lines in a buzz horn, a dynatron time delay circuit switch, a mercury switch, the power supply, the two-shift power supply switch and the communication device box are closed, and a ground-touching replaceable rubber head is formed by combining a screw and the crutch body. The utility model is the automatic rescue and positioning crutch which can carry commonly first aid medicine and, when the crutch is fallen or inclined to certain degree, the clutch can continuously produce a distress message, a signal and an alarm and provide bearing indication to ensure that related personnel such as passerby family members can promptly and accurately acquire the message so to rescue.


Abstract : The objective of the project reported in these Volumes is to elucidate the principles of hardware/manpower cost analysis developed in an earlier study, A Framework for Hardware/Manpower Tradeoff Analysis During the Weapon System Acquisition Process. In this Volume, six models are presented. The Level III Model is the most complex and its exposition is used to set notation and explain the underlying concepts of all the models. It is intended to be implemented on a large, production computer. The Level II Model, less complex, was developed for implementation on a stand-alone micro-computer of the sort one might expect to be available to a design team. There are four Level I Models, all developed for use on a programmable calculator. Of the six models, all but the Level III Model have been programmed as part of this project. The Level II Model has been programmed in BASIC on a 48 K microcomputer. A User's Guide and Program Manual for that model constitute Volumes II and III of this study.


Background: Cigarette smoking causes oxidative stress and severe damage of proteins in the lungs. One of the main systems to protect cells from damaged proteins is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this work, we follow up on an earlier observation that cigarette smoke (CS)-treated airway epithelial cells contain increased levels of free intracellular amino acids (AA). Objective: We hypothesize that i) CS-induced increased levels of free intracellular AA are due to activation of the proteasome, ii) CS increases the amount of ubiquitin-protein conjugates, iii) CS interferes with proteasomal degradation and de novo protein synthesis. Materials and methods: Airway epithelial cells (A549) were exposed to CS for 1 or 5 min and cultured for the next 4 or 24 h. Ubiquitin-protein conjugates were analyzed by Western blot. Proteasomal subunits were analyzed using the fluorescent activity-based probe MV151. Proteasomal activities were determined using fluorogenic substrates. Free amino acids in the lysates of CS-treated cells were quantified by Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry using stable isotope labeling. De novo protein synthesis was assayed using the AA analog L-azidohomoalanine. Results: Exposure of airway epithelial cells to CS increased the amount of ubiquitin-protein conjugates. Degradation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates by the proteasome was accompanied by an increase in free intracellular AA and inhibition of nascent protein synthesis. Activity-based labeling of the proteasomal active sites was not affected, except after 5-min exposure to CS. Caspase- and chymotrypsin-like proteasomal activities decreased, while trypsin-like activity increased. Conclusions: Our data imply that CS induces damage to proteins which are subsequently ubiquitinated and directed for proteasomal degradation. Proteasomal activities and protein synthesis are disturbed depending on the exposure time to CS. Inadequate protein turnover due to the effect of CS may thus be related to the disruption of normal structure and functions of the airway epithelium as observed in smokers.


We report on a very simple, efficient, and economical synthetic technique that produces SiC of a high surface area, and under different conditions of a silicon carbide−carbon nanocomposite (SCCN) a...


It discloses an improved control gate decoding design for reducing disturbances in the programming of the flash memory cell. In one embodiment, the control gate line decoder, a first control gate line, and a second associated with the flash memory cell row of the second sector associated with a flash memory cell row in the first sector It is connected to the control gate line.


Lev Shestov asserted that there was no detailed biography of Chekhov, nor could there be. A biography tells us everything except what we want to know, and if you want to find that out you have to rely on Chekhov's works and your own conjecture.1


Abstract Gay men's intimate life worlds have been the topic of some empirical inquiry since the late twentieth century. Drawing on the symbolism of love, friendship, and biology, these studies discuss the recent changes in queer communities that have shaped contemporary discourse about gay and lesbian family life. What appears missing in these intimate accounts are the lesser known readings of gay male intimate relationships which are both sensitive to the complex, interactive, and often contradictory experiences of everyday family life and attentive to the contextual ways these stories become constructed. This paper is a presentation of an experimental case study narrative which grapples with the practical, everyday considerations of what it means to create and sustain a supportive familial relationship between two gay men. Documenting the complexities of this contemporary familial arrangement provides us with some important opportunities for gay storytelling. In this instance, it allowed the author to better understand how two gay men like Ted and Simon came to construct their own notions of a father-son relationship. It also encourages us to explore how new gay identities and relationships are forged and negotiated over time through the biographical lens of family membership.


In an effort to improve hospital quality, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) publicly reports hospital 30-day, all-cause,


The technology of obtaining coatings consisting of alumina nanoparticles and their agglomerates is presented. The transport properties of coatings and the change of these properties with time are investigated. The dependence of the height of capillary ascent on the quantity of deposited nano fl uid on substrates has been established. An estimate of the change in the height of liquid rise and of the permeability of a coating with the change in the size of particles has been made. Deterioration of the transport properties of porous coatings consisting of alumina nanoparticles with time is investigated, and the possibility of restoring these properties is shown.


In order to obtain the deformation map and equivalent stress distribution of rectifier cabinet for nuclear power generating stations, the quality distribution of structure and electrical are described, the tensile bond strengths of the rings are checked, and the finite element model of cabinet is set up by ANSYS. The transport conditions of the hoisting state and fork loading state are analyzed. The deformation map and equivalent stress distribution are obtained. The attentive problems are put forward. It is a reference for analysis method and the obtained results for the transport of rectifier cabinet for nuclear power generating stations.


Abstract The effect of pressure on the NMR longitudinal relaxation of D 2 O and H 2 O confined to the interstices of natural and artificial porous media is reported. Magnetization decays of fluid protons in natural porous media are known to be dominated by interactions between water molecules and the surface of the solid matrix. These decays are characterized by broad distributions of relaxation times. In some materials there is no pressure dependence of the proton relaxation time distribution, while in other materials minor effects are noted. The NMR relaxation of deuterium in D 2 O is dominated by intramolecular effects. Assuming that the enhancement of relaxation at the surface is relatively independent of surface composition, one can estimate a surface-to-pore-volume ratio. The NMR S/V is more useful than that measured by conventional methods. The pressure dependence of D 2 O relaxation in porous media follows that of the bulk liquid.


4078 Background: HuA33 is a humanized antibody that targets the A33 antigen, which is highly expressed in intestinal epithelium and >95% of human colon cancers, but not other normal tissues. Previo...


Peripheral nerve blocks are often used for foot and ankle surgery. The occurrence of persistent neurological symptoms thereafter is very rare. Preventive strategies pose no guarantee and uncovering true etiology is often complicated. We discuss a case in which a young, healthy patient developed nerve damage after an uneventful popliteal block and cheilectomy. Nerve conduction studies revealed axonal injury in the distribution area of the sciatic nerve. The neurological symptoms persisted for more than 12 months, emotionally affecting the patient greatly. Patients will primarily report to the orthopedic surgeon, for whom cooperation with anaesthesia and neurology is of importance. Anesthetic involvement probably improves patient satisfaction during complication management.


Cobalt based alloys have been widely used in orthopedic implants. These alloys are an allotropic metal, which commonly exhibits two crystal structures, namely, FCC and HCP lattice. In this work, developed microstructure and hardness of a Co-Cr-Mo alloy after isothermal aging treatment were investigated. The applied aging procedure included soaking at the temperature of 850°C for five different holding times of 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h with subsequent water quenching. Microstructure examination, X-ray diffraction analysis and micro-hardness test were carried out for both as-received and heat-treated cobalt based alloys. The results showed that the FCC to HCP phase transformation occurred during the isothermal aging. It was observed that phase fraction of the identified HCP phase increased with longer aging time. Microstructure of the samples aged for 12 h showed very fine lamellae morphologies similar to a pearlitic structure with different orientations within each FCC grain. Apparently, these occurred lamellae structures could be well correlated with the formation of the HCP martensite. Additionally, it was found that in the Co-Cr-Mo alloy sigma phase precipitated early at the grain boundaries and further grew along these boundaries by increasing aging time. The hardness value of the examined alloy slightly increased with larger HCP phase fraction. The increased aging time certainly led to higher amount of the HCP martensite and consequently increased hardness and possible wear resistance properties.


EXTENSIVE soil fertility trials have been conducted cooperatively by the United States and Cambodia since 1956 at the Kok Patry Experiment Station which is located near Siemreap on the 13,000-hectare (32,500-acre) Baray Occidental Irrigation Project, also a joint development of the two governments. The average grain yields on this lowfertility, coarse-textured, acid soil is normally i/2 to 1 metric ton (1,100 to 2,200 pounds) of paddy rice per hectare. The soil of this area is representative of more than one-half of the 1*4 million hectares of land annually planted to lowland rice in Cambodia. Investigations at the Kok Patry Experiment Station with Eupatorium odoratum L. as green manure were first undertaken on lowland rice in 1958. These experiments were conducted because results to date with chemical fertilizer and farm manures were not sufficiently outstanding to increase grain yields nor were the results always consistent. Also, there were essentially no leguminous materials immediately available for inclusion as green manure in the trials planned for that station. Eupatorium is locally known as tontrean khet. It was originally introduced from the Antilles or West Indies by boat into Thailand and from there it spread rapidly to all of Indochina. Today it is seen growing throughout the country as a common perennial weed along roadways, fence rows, ditch banks, and waste places. It is reported by Petelot that in India this plant is toxic to fish, while in Martinique the plant is used to make a stimulating drink. In the latter instance, the stimulant is reported to come from the foliar glands. Agronomically, it has been reported by Barat that Eupatorium can be successfully used as a mulch to control a prevalent nematode-fungus complex which has been primarily responsible for reducing the Cambodian black pepper industry in the Kampot region


In this paper, the adjoint networks based on Tellegen's Theorem are used to improve the PV curve assessment. PV curve is the most widely accepted method for determining the margin of the power system state to the voltage collapse point. The repetitive power flow and continuation power flow are used to access PV curves through tracing the power flow solutions for the change of loads. Since the Minimum Jacobi matrix eigenvalue is practically close to zero at neighbor voltage collapse point, there is a restriction in order to access the voltage stability level by repetitive power flow method. This problem solved by appropriate combination of adjoint networks based on Tellegen's Theorem and conventional equations. The proposed method was tested on SWCC test system. Comparison of three method results show advantages and efficiency of the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i2.1964


In general, one partner or the other will limit the amount traded by failing to produce enough resource to "match" its partner's production. Which partner will it be, and how much surplus will the other have left over? We solve this problem by temporarily fixing allocation and the exchange ratio and determining the amount of surplus plant C and surplus fungal nutrient (N). Surplus plant C is simply the amount of C taken up, minus the C traded away, minus the amount of N acquired (directly or through trade) converted into units of C according to plant C : N stoichiometry, YNP.


Through similar simulation studying, by using micro-and macro-observation method, analyzing the blasting effect of complex slotted cartridge and conventional slotted cartridge, obtain compound slotted cartridge better directional blasting effect and higher energy efficiency, and less damage to the surrounding rock, more suitable for smooth wall blasting.


The Colombian Federation of Associations of Obstetrics and Gynecology (La Federacion Colombiana de Asociaciones de Obstetricia y Ginecologia –FECOLSOG) has been working on establishing academic and scientific links with scientific and professional societies throughout the continent during the last few years to strengthen and diversify academic opportunities required by Colombian  gynaecologists, within Colombia and outside it.


The design proposal of a fire-fighting vessel for the Duisburg industrial inland harbour can be considered as an exceptional challenge since the unique harbour and its surrounding environment require a vessel which is only one of its kind.
The vessel will be the successor of the existing one, which has now been in service for over 30 years. The new vessel needs to be fitted out with up-to-date equipment in order to be competitive for at least 20 years without any major
refitting work to be done. Within the scope of this dissertation it is intended to produce a preliminary design of such a vessel with special emphasis on hull performance and structural design. Due to the elative complexity of this project, some areas within the complete design are only investigated briefly.


A novel Polarimeter identifies the main polarization axes of polarization-modulated, nominally unpolarized signals such as PDM-QPSK, PDM-QAM, PS-QPSK. It measures the electrical AC power detected behind several polarization analyzers and calculates the axes iteratively.


Well-established companies are currently struggling to secure profits due to the pressure from new players' business models as they take advantage of communication technology and new business-model configurations. Because of this, the business model research field flourishes currently; however, the modelling approaches proposed still rely on linear, rational conceptions and causal reasoning. Through six business cases we argue that participatory design has a role to play, and indeed, can lead the way into another approach to business modelling, which we call business model making. The paper illustrates how the application of participatory business model design toolsets can open up discussions on alternative scenarios through improvisation, mock-up making and design game playing, before qualitative judgment on the most promising scenario is carried out.


In this consideration of the current crisis in the American academy, the author focuses first on the passing of a generation of progressive faculty leaders and the urgent need to ensure that their ...


This paper discusses an optimal operating frequency range and optimal switching dead times for a 6-kW, full-bridge, bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter with focus on improving converter efficiency. The optimal frequency of the dc-dc converter is defined by making its frequency-dependent loss equal to its frequency-independent loss. The maximum efficiency of the dc-dc converter operating at 4 kHz is measured at 98.1% during battery charging and at 98.2% during battery discharging. The converter maintains a high efficiency of more than 97% in a wide range of power transfer.


The national monitoring network of waters in Greece, in the context of Water Framework Directive, has been operational since 2012. It comprises 50 lake water bodies, both natural and artificial (24 and 26 respectively). The aims of the study are i) to present the main features of Greek lakes; ii) to position them according to hydromorphological and physicochemical data from the first period of monitoring and iii) to investigate how the hydromorphological features influence water quality. Greek lakes are discerned in relation to hydromorphological aspects such as mean depth, volume, surface area, catchment area. Impacted and unimpacted lakes are separated when positioned along physical and chemical attributes, such as Secchi depth, TP and ion concentrations. The dataset covers a gradient of eutrophication, which seems to be the main anthropogenic pressure on lakes in Greece and probably one of the most widespread anthropogenic pressures on lakes across Europe. Catchment areas of the Greek lakes have undergone substantial agricultural, industrial, and urban development over recent years, leading to eutrophication and hydromorphological alterations. Management measures at a catchment scale aiming to control land uses would be needed in order to maintain and/or improve water quality in Greek lakes, supplemented by site-specific measures when appropriate. The monitoring network provides baseline data that will allow the assessment of status and trends of Greek lakes.


A method for the separation of fission products in air and rain water is described. A tracer determination was made of the efficiencies and the contamination of various fractions. The method requires the use of non- radioactive carriers. It separates the radioisotopes with good efficiency (better than 90%) and satisfactory purity (contamination <1%). Samplings of atmospheric dusts or rain water are put in hydrochioric acid solution. After introduction of the carriers, a separation into groups is made. Each group is purified in order to obtain the radioisotope sought. The elimination of some interfering ions is described. In the case of recent fission products, the various fractions separated may contain several radioisotopes; processes for the estimation of each are mentioned or suggested. (auth)


Flow-through column experiments were performed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory to simulate aquifer restoration by contacting aquifer sediment with leaching solution (lixiviant) under anoxic conditions. The chemical composition of the effluent solutions were determined to monitor the progress of restoration. The results were used to identify chemical mechanisms in the water/sediment system that occur during aquifer restoration. The movement of uranium through the column was initially retarded as a result of interactions with the sediment. A possible mechanism to explain the behavior of uranium involves the presence of pyrite. When pyrite is oxidized, the Fe(III) produced forms ferric hydroxide minerals, which have a strong sorption affinity for uranium. Adsorption of uranium onto the ferric hydroxide and clay surfaces could lower the concentration of uranium in solution. As the lixiviant displaced the residual pore water in the column, the calcium, magnesium, and sulfate concentrations decreased and the sodium concentration and pH increased. This effect probably was caused by ion exchange between dissolved constituents and cations on the sediments' surfaces. After examining the data, we developed a conceptual chemical model of the system that incorporated the reactants and chemical processes that appeared to be important. Then, we modeled the interaction of the lixiviantmore » with the sediment during flow through the column. The chemical processes incorporated in the model included oxidation of pyrite, the dissolution and equilibration of magnesian calcite, ion exchange, and aqueous complexation of dissolved constituents. The equilibrium geochemical computer code, MINTEQ, was used to make the necessary speciation and mass transfer calculations. The model results were then compared with the observed effluent solution compositions. 7 refs., 8 figs., 5 tabs.« less


INTRODUCTION
Pre-operative recognition of significant abnormalities of the coronary arteries is important in a variety of congenital cardiac conditions. Failure to diagnose anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery during repair of other anomalies is important because reduction in pulmonary artery pressure will reduce myocardial perfusion pressure.

PATIENTS
We report two cases of the rare association of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery, aortic coarctation, and mitral stenosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Definitive imaging of coronary artery anatomy by echocardiography or other modalities should form a routine part of diagnostic assessment in all congenital heart disease patients but particularly those with left heart obstruction.


Forcing is a method to extend models of Set Theory in order to get independence or at least consistency results. For generalized Silver and Mathias forcings it is shown how infinite games between two players, say Death and the Maiden, and in particular the absence of a winning strategy for the Maiden, can be used to predict combinatorial properties of the extended model. For example it is shown that Mathias forcing restricted to certain game families adds dominating reals, has pure decision, and does not add Cohen reals, and that Silver forcing restricted to some weaker game families does not add unbounded reals, adds splitting reals, and is minimal.


The application of stability checks in simulated offshore wind structures is performed through tools that are established in the offshore wind industry. In particular, the structure should fulfill certain strength and fatigue criteria among which Fatigue Limit States (FLSs) checks are critical. In terms of the process, fatigue assessment can be carried out in both time (TD) and frequency domain (FD), with the former being more popular in the offshore wind energy sector. Nevertheless, simplified tools in the FD have been suggested, since they yield results similar to those of the TD analysis. In order to decide upon the choice of tool in performing the FLS estimations, a relative comparison should be implemented. Particularly, fatigue assessment in the TD, fatigue assessment in the FD and a simplified type of fatigue assessment in the FD are examined. These types of fatigue assessment are conducted in three respective tools, with the TD type conducted in NREL's FAST v8 and both the FD types simulated within MATLAB tools. The tools are judged upon the desirable levels of Modelling a Simulation (MaS) fidelity. A set of criteria are defined for the particular use case, in an attempt to express that fidelity. The criteria's metrics are additionally provided in the proposed methodology and associated measurements are taken during simulations. Only after conducting further multi-criteria decision analyses (MCDA), the eventual levels of fidelity for the three types of fatigue assessment result to a consequent ranking among the tools. Therefore, the measured criteria lead to the quantification of these levels of fidelity for all three tools and the application of MCDA results to their ranking. The proposed fidelity framework is applied in a case study in order to evaluate the proposed methodology, as well as to select the type of fatigue assessment and consequent tool that should be used within an early design stage. The results indicate that the simplified fatigue assessment in the FD should be preferred over conventional fatigue assessment in both TD a FD. In addition, the criteria included in the fidelity framework seem to provide a multifaceted approach, since none of the tools is favored in all categories. Finally, similarities in results between relevant types of conducted comparisons as well as between different types of MCDA, enhance the consistency of the proposed fidelity methodology and increase its credibility.


Effects of Cordyceps militaris mycelia on rumen microbial fermentation were determined by measuring in vitro gas production, cellulose digestion and VFA concentrations. C. militaris mycelia was added to buffered rumen fluid with final concentrations of 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 g/L and incubation times were for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. At all incubation times, the gas production showed a quadratic increase with the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia; maximum responses were seen with 0.25 g/L supplementation. However, the gas production was significantly lower for the 0.30 g/L supplementation than for the 0.25 g/L supplementation from 9 h to 72 h incubation. The cellulose filter paper (FP) digestion showed a quadratic increase, as did the gas production except at 3 h incubation. The concentration of total VFA was significantly increased by the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia compared with the control treatment; the highest response was also seen with 0.25 g/L supplementation. This was true for responses in the concentration of acetic and propionic acids. As opposed to other responses, the responses of pH to the supplementation of C. militaris mycelia showed a quadratic decrease from 3 h to 36 h incubation. In conclusion, C. militaris mycelia alter the mixed rumen microbial fermentation with increases in the production of gas and VFA, and cellulose FP digestion.


We present a calculation of O({alpha}{sub s}) contributions to the process of t-channel single-top production and decay, which include virtual and real corrections arising from the interference of the production and decay subprocesses. The calculation is organized as a simultaneous expansion of the matrix elements in the couplings {alpha}{sub ew}, {alpha}{sub s} and the virtuality of the intermediate top quark, (p{sub t}{sup 2}-m{sub t}{sup 2})/m{sub t}{sup 2{approx}{Gamma}}{sub t}/m{sub t}, and extends earlier results beyond the narrow-width approximation.


The purpose of this study was to assess the expression of embryonic stem cell and pancreas‐specific markers in insulin producing beta cells in adult human islets, including Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, menin, Ngn3 and PDX‐1.


The sections in this article are

1
Introduction

2
Methods of Production of Low Nuclear Temperatures

3
The Resonance Signal

4
Rigorous NMR Results

5
Nonlinear Effects in Spin Temperature

6
Biographical Sketch

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The body composition of women changs with weight gain occurring during pregnancy.The traditional conception indicates that many pregnant women are over weight due to disequilibrium and malnutrition.The complications appear to be associated with over-feeding,since it occurs much more frequently in obese pregnant women rather than normal pregnant women.This paper targets the body composition of pregnant women,which is controlled by a combination of body composition analysis,metabolic analysis,the theory of control and nutritional interventions regarding body composition.The system is based on a personalized nutritional program.Appropriate nutritional intervention is used to keep up the optimal level of body composition.This requires accessing individual dietary intake and food consumption requirements.Special attention must be paid to ascertain the accurate nutritional requirements needed by the pregnant target.This will be measured using metabolic rate,the energy metabolic rate,both which are able to minimize the risk of fetal abnormalities including fetal macrosomnia and other complications during pregnancy.


To minimize the difference between the events of storm surges and model of tide-surge interaction hydrodynamic (navier-stoker equation) in shallow water, it's important to exactly confirm water level of the open boundary. In this study, according to historical record of tide-gage measurements during the storm events, a method based on least squares support vector machine was proposed to predict the open boundary water level of tide-surge interaction hydrodynamic model. Moreover, two regions, Xiamen where typhoon No.0903 landed and Wenzhou typhoon No.0917 landed in, are selected to carry out the water level of open boundary using the LS-SVM model. Comparing with the measurement tidal value during the two storm events, the results show that the method has a high accuracy.


A vehicle seat (1), especially for a motor vehicle has a seat part (3), a backrest (2) and an integrated child seat, which is adjustable by displacement of the seat components from a normal use position to a first child seating position that the child against the usual seat direction is disposed in the child seat. According to the invention, the child seat is in an upright seat back structure (4) out of the seat occupant facing in the normal position of use surface side (8) of the vehicle seat (1) herausstellbar.


Three consortia were developed out of the ligninolytic fungal isolates for pretreatment of rice straw. The fungal consortium of Pleurotus ostreatus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, produced maximum laccase (Lac), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities of 2.40 nkat/gds, 37.92 nkat/gds, and 62.50 nkat/gds, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimize pretreatment of rice straw under solid state conditions. With a desirability value of 0.862, the optimum conditions (moisture, 121.1%; temperature, 31.3°C; and log spore count, 8.0 spores/mL) resulted in 43.0%, 12.7% and 7.0% cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively, from an initial respective values of 39.5%, 23.3%, and 11.5%. Optimization under shake flask conditions using 2.5 g rice straw, 8.0 mL concentrated ligninolytic enzyme extract, 10 mM Ca2+ ions, 45°C incubation temperature in an incubation period of 72 h resulted in 56.4%, 12.2%, and 2.2%, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 635–646, 2019


Non-linear fracture mechanics equations for through-wall cracks in a pipe are used to analyze piping systems for either critical flaw size or critical loading conditions as part of probabilistic Leak-Before-Break (LBB) failure analyses under the eXtremely Low Probability of Rupture (xLPR) program co-sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The xLPR analysis techniques use a large number of independent analysis solutions to determine an overall assessment of system failure probability. As part of the assessment, each independent solution requires the solution of the crack opening displacement (COD) for a through-wall crack (TWC) in a pipe under the prescribed loading conditions. The COD evaluations are then used to determine a leak rate for the given load conditions and crack sizes.The purpose of this paper is to present results which advance the start-of-the-art for determining the elastic-plastic functions for crack opening displacements (COD) for a TWC in a pipe system under combined tension and bending loads. The current method used to determine COD in xLPR, a blending of tension and bending solution from the GE-EPRI Handbook, determined the continuum equations using structural finite element analyses with shell type elements. Since that body of work was undertaken, there have been significant advancements in computing capability such that structural finite element analyses with three-dimension continuum elements are currently feasible. The use of continuum elements provides several advantages over shell elements; such as, the ability to elicit details of variation in the COD through the thickness of the pipe wall and to apply pressure to the crack face due to the internal pipe pressure. Furthermore, the original GE-EPRI solutions were limited for the case of combined tension and bending loads. The existing GE-EPRI solutions for combined loading conditions are limited to pipe radius-to-wall thickness (R/t) ratios of 10 or greater, typical of those piping systems found in the boiling water reactor (BWR) fleet. For the PWR piping systems of concern today, which are subject to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC), the R/t ratios are typically 5 or less.As a result of the limitations with the existing GE-EPRI method for predicting COD, Battelle and US NRC staff set out to develop a comprehensive COD prediction tool for combined loadings which would be applicable to both PWR as well as BWR piping. This effort involved a matrix of over 1,200 finite element analyses for a full range of pipe sizes, R/t ratios, through-wall crack (TWC) lengths, and internal pipe pressures. It is anticipated that there will be several parts to this effort. Part I, discussed in this paper, focuses on the development of the model and the initial investigation into the elastic- and elastic-plastic fitting functions for the prediction of COD (i.e., the V and h functions). Future parts of this effort will focus on such issues as the effect of restraint of pressure induced bending on COD, the effect of weld residual stresses on COD, J-Integral estimation schemes, and development of variable crack-face pressure.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Universities strive to teach about diversity through their curriculum and classroom discussions; however, students may rarely encounter diverse populations on the college campus. Thus, faculty members have turned to academic service-learning to expose students to diverse client populations. Scholarship on academic service-learning has focused primarily on faculty and student perspectives, rarely accounting for the crucial role of community partners as co-educators in this endeavor. The present study investigates community partners' perspectives on how academic service-learning impacts students whose backgrounds differ from those of their organization's clients. The study highlights two main themes that community partners view as central to their role as co-educators in diversity education: college students' initial responses to diverse clients, and the process through which community partners help college students understand different ways of life. Eliciting community partners' perspectives will help university administrators, college students, and faculty understand the significant role community partners and clients can play in advancing diversity education.


In order to improve the talent identification and scientific training level of female college students aerobic athletes,taking college femlae students as research objects,using the method of literature review,expert interview,questionnaire and mathematical statistics,this paper makes analysis on 22physical fitness indexes involved in the female college students' aerobics athletes.The result shows that the fitness structure of female college students' aerobic athletes mainly consists of flexible strength,speed strength,explosive endurance and coordination.The model to develop female students' aerobics athletes' physical fitness,individual physical fitness and comprehensive development level of physical fitness evaluation standards are made.The main purpose is to provide the scientific basis for college aerobic coaches' talent identification and training.


Despite recent achievements, the potential of gas-sensitive mobile robots cannot be realized due to the lack of research on fundamental questions. A key limitation is the difficulty to carry out ev ...


The article analyzes problems of the Russia forest complex development related to social, environmental and infrastructure issues, the solution of which is impossible without state participation. The reasons of the poor adaptation of the forest complex market economy to long development periods, as well as the environmental consequences of economic activity, including environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources, loss of biodiversity and damage to public health, are considered. The analysis of the forest complex market economy features is made on domestic and foreign examples, a serious shortcoming of which is the isolation of the investment payback process from the chosen economic development direction. Forest rejuvenation in this way leads to a decrease or even loss of the forests biospheric properties to regulate the surface runoff of atmospheric precipitation and the formation of groundwater reserves. It is known, that in the forests of the European part of Russia have been accumulated large reserves of semi-subsistence conifer and hard wood. It is shown that to involve it in use it is necessary to change the principles of annual use calculations and to actually re-develop the regulatory framework for the intermediate use of forest wood resources. Four forest management units in the forest economy of the forest complex were identified: state forest management and implementation of medium-term and long-term planning of all types of work in forests, taking into account materials of the state forest inventory and assessing the state and trends in the development of domestic and foreign timber markets; protection and protection of forests from fires and other adverse natural factors (insects, fungi, pollution); carrying out planned logging with the differentiated use of all types of wood and the organization of reforestation taking into account the diversity of growing conditions and the possibilities of using the lands of the state forest fund of Russia. It is advisable to create economic mechanisms to stimulate the activities of all enterprises and institutions of the Russia forest complex for the transition to new environmentally sound technologies in the forest. A flexible economic mechanism is needed to include forest management costs in the cost of harvested wood in order to restore the ecological, economic, social and cultural properties of forests.


Among other factors which affect the horsepower of an airplane engine are the atmospheric pressure, and consequently the altitude at which the engine is working, and the compression ratio, or cylinder volume divided by clearance volume. The tests upon which this report is based were selected from a large number of runs made during the intercomparison of various gasolines to determine the variation of horsepower with altitude at three different compression ratios. The test results and conclusions are presented in this report.


This review deals with certain important features of the cell biology of natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and helper T (Th) cells. These features appeared originally in studies of the cell biology of cells other than immunological cells, and their relevance to immune cell interactions was then appreciated and explored. This brief review is therefore meant to be selective rather than exhaustive, and it focuses primarily on problems that have been intensively studied in our laboratory over the past decade. At the outset, it should be emphasized that we concentrate on investigations of single (generally cloned) T cells and cell couples, rather than of cell populations. Recent reviews have appeared that deal with other aspects of the cell biology of T cells and their interactions (1-7). The entree to this work stemmed from our investigations of eukaryotic cell motility; these have been separately reviewed (8). These studies are considered briefly first, since they not only introduce the ideas that have played a prominent part in our immunological work, but they also demon-


ABSTRACT Nowadays, the control of the concentrations of elements is of crucial importance in industry. Concentrations are expressed in terms of proportions or percentages, which means that they are Compositional Data (CoDa). CoDa are defined as vectors of positive elements that represent parts of a whole and usually add to a constant sum. The classical T2 Control Chart is not appropriate for CoDa; rather, it is better to use a compositional T2 Control Chart (T2C CC). This article generalizes the interpretation of the out-of-control signals of the individual T2C CC for more than three components. We propose two methods for identifying the ratio of components that mainly contribute to the signal. The first one is suitable for low-dimensional problems and consists in finding the log ratio of the components that maximizes the univariate T2 statistic. The second approach is an optimized method for large-dimensional problems that simplifies the calculation by transforming the coordinates into an sphere. We illustrate the T2C CC signal interpretation with a practical example from the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.


To assess whether age‐related incidence of cervical cancer supports two aetiological components and to assess trends in these components due to risk factors and to organised screening in Finland.


Fluoride etching is a facile and efficient approach for hierarchical porosity engineering of microporous zeolites to overcome the inherent diffusion limitations. Hierarchical Ti-beta zeolites with abundant secondary meso-/macro-pores have been first prepared by chemical fluoride etching with various HF and NH4F solutions. The physicochemical properties of the prepared Ti-beta (*BEA) zeolites are characterized extensively by complementary methods. Diluted HF solution preferentially extracts titanium from a Ti-beta zeolite framework, while the addition of NH4F into HF solution shifts the chemical equilibria to produce more reactive HF2− for silicon, thereby achieving non-chemically selective extraction of Si and Ti from the *BEA framework. The hierarchical characters of fluoride-etched Ti-beta zeolites can be improved by regulation of the HF and NH4F concentrations in the etching solutions. Compared with the parent microporous Ti-beta zeolite, the hierarchical materials prepared by etching in HF and NH4F mixed solutions not only retain the chemical composition but also increase the accessibility to the active sites in microporous Ti-beta zeolites by forming hierarchical porosity, thus promising a remarkably enhanced catalytic oxidation activity for bulky molecules.


An approach for the volume averaged numerical modeling of phase-transition intercalation electrodes is presented for lithiated graphite, LixC6, in lithium-ion batteries. The proposed method directly treats phase formation and growth through a modified form of the Avrami equation enabling the physics-based mathematical model to capture the additional time constant observed in the two phase regions of lithiated graphite as well as a portion of the hysteresis commonly observed between charge and discharge voltage. The graphite phase diagram was taken to be composed of three stages, or phases, each with a Nernstian or ideal solution based equilibrium potential function. The behavior of the potential rise from a current pulse in the two-phase region is matched well with this methodology resulting in higher valued diffusion coefficients than found when only a single-phase approach is used. Simulated results for mesocarbon microbeads show the co-existence of all three phases within the electrode during higher rate discharges. Concentration dependent diffusion coefficients are found to be necessary to match experimental results at rates significantly higher than 1C. The model is shown to be capable of exhibiting core-shell behavior when fitted phase-transformation rate constants are sufficiently high in value, although not observed for MCMB.


Background  Bexarotene (Targretin®) is a synthetic retinoid which is licensed for the treatment of advanced refractory cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL).


This article discusses the delamination theory of network security system;how to establish the security strategy principle and technique implementation method;and how to set up the security system of library network in the aspects of organization,technique and management.


URINARY EXTRACTS containing a mixture of 17-ketosteroids are assayed colo.rimetrically by the Zimmermann reaction using a single 17-ketosteroid as a reference standard. If the standard and the other urinary 17-ketosteroids produce significantly different color intensities, per unit weight, such assays will be subject to error. Hence it is important to ascertain whether appreciable differences in the chromogenic values of the various urinary 17-ketosteroids exist, and if these differences can be minimized. The authors have shown that the relative chromogenic values of several 17-ketosteroids depend on the alcohol and the potassium hydroxide concentration as well as the time used in the Zimmermann reaction. Essentially equivalent colors were produced under some conditions whereas large discrepancies occurred under others (Nathanson and Wilson, 1943). This work has now been expanded to include a larger number of 17-ketosteroids. Observations have been made with a series of reaction mixtures containing select...


Abstra t We investigate the use of biased sampling a ording to the density of the dataset, to speed up the operation of general data mining tasks, su h as lustering and outlier dete tion in large multidimensional datasets. In density-biased sampling, the probability that a given point will be in luded in the sample depends on the lo al density of the dataset. We propose a general te hnique for density-biased sampling that an fa tor in user requirements to sample for properties of interest, and an be tuned for spe i data mining tasks. This allows great exibility, and improved a ura y of the results over simple random sampling. We des ribe our approa h in detail, we analyti ally evaluate it, and show how it an be optimized for approximate lustering and outlier dete tion. Finally we present a thorough experimental evaluation of the proposed method, applying density-biased sampling on real and syntheti data sets, and employing lustering and outlier dete tion algorithms, thus highlighting the utility of our approa h.


The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is involved in the regulation of several basic physiological functions such as hormone secretion, sleep-wake cycle, motor control, immune system functioning, nociception, food intake, energy balance and thermoregulation. In addition, 5-HT participates in higher brain functions, such as cognition and emotional states, by modulating synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Furthermore, 5-HT has recently captured the spotlight in connection with depression, synthetic narcotic drugs, hot flash, central fatigue, etc. Regarding thermoregulation, many studies have examined the relationship between 5-HT and body temperature (Tb) regulation since the 1960s. Feldberg and Myers, in pioneering experiments, first reported that microinjection of 5-HT into the cerebral ventricles or hypothalamus induced a rise in Tb. Subsequently, research on 5-HT and regulation of Tb continued and topics in recent years include resolving of 5-HT receptor subtypes, such as 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, 5-HT7, and pinpointing a local area or network for thermoregulation. In this short review, I first outline the serotonergic system in the brain, summarize the history of research on 5-HT and thermoregulation, and finally focus on recent research in the 21st century.


Winning entry in international competition to prepare a masterplan for the southern core of Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People Republic of China.


A method to control the librational motion of a tethered satellite system in an elliptic orbit is presented. To simplify the analysis, gravity is treated as the only external force affecting the tethered satellite system, only in-plane motion is considered, and the flexibility and mass of tethers are neglected. The tethered satellite system treated in this paper consists of two subsatellites and a mother satellite, such as the space shuttle, connected together in series via massless tethers. This type of tethered satellite system has very important applications in Earth observation, space observation, communications, and satellite constellations. The librational motion of the tethered satellite system in an elliptic orbit is known to be chaotic and can be stabilized to undergo periodic motion by the delayed feedback control method. The periodic motion of a tethered satellite in a circular orbit is employed as the reference trajectory for tracking by the actual tethered satellite, which is in an elliptic orbit. The decoupling and model tracking control methods, based on differential geometric control theory are combined with the delayed feedback control method in a new approach to controlling the librational motion of the tethered satellite system in elliptic orbits. The results of numerical simulations show that the proposed control scheme has good performance in controlling the librational motion of a tethered satellite system in an elliptic orbit.


Starting with the example of the American lawyer-poet Wallace Stevens, this article explores the natural affinity between lawyers and poets. As the article points out: (1) good lawyers, like good poets, wrestle with world and word; (2) good lawyers, like good poets, fuse theory and practice in a craft of language; (3) good lawyers, like good poets, appreciate the power of form and its role in ethos, logos, and pathos; (4) good lawyers, like good poets, appreciate the role and power of framing in what they do, and (5) good lawyers, like good poets, appreciate the power and role of narrative in what they do. The article also discusses the parallels between legal forms such as IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion) and the Shakespearean Sonnet and parallels between ironic argument and the Italian sonnet form.


The study was conducted to examine the effect of surface burn severity (Moderate, Severe and Unburned) of wheat straw on soil properties. The results showed statistical differences in some soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulk density and field capacity increased statistically by the severity of fire; however, porosity and infiltration rate were statistically lower in sever burned plot when compared to unburned plot. The chemical properties, soil organic matter (SOM), P, Ca, S, Cl, K, Mo, Fe and As were not affected by the fire. The pH value was increased slightly by increasing the fire severity, while, EC was decreased when compared with the unburned plot. It was found a statistical reduction in the number of bacterial and fungal cells per gram soil in the burned plots. A moderate and severe fire reduced seed germination percentage significantly. This finding suggests that fire severity may destruct the biological, physical and some of the chemical properties of the soil, and this may impact negatively on plant growth in the next growing season. keywords: wheat residue, soil quality, physical, chemical and biological properties, seed


The medical director and consultant clinical geneticist tells Adrian O'Dowd why doctors should look outside the box to find the right specialty


The invention relates to a preparation method of a garden landscape craft product, in particular to a dolomite magnesia cement garden landscape craft product and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: brushing silica gel feed liquor on a copy object; reinforcing the outside of a cured silica gel layer by using a layer of setting material to manufacture a silica gel mold; putting caustic dolomite powder, magnesium chloride, a light filler, an inert filler, an inorganic pigment and water in a mass ratio of 1.00:(0.12-0.40):(0.10-0.60):(0.05-0.30):(0.01-0.05):(0.44-1.20) into a stirrer to form dolomite magnesia cement slurry; and coating the slurry on the silica gel mold, curing for 18 to 24 hours, maintaining at the temperature of between 10 and 40 DEG C and the relative air humidity of less than 80 percent for 3 to 5 days, cutting, trimming, and maintaining for 10 to 20 days to obtain a finished product. The product and the method can be widely applied to the field of garden landscapes.


Relevance. One of the important tasks in the provision of emergency medical care to victims of the mass-causalty incident is a medical triage in order to determine the priority of medical care and the priority of medical evacuation.Intention. To work out issues of interaction between the medical service of the Armed Forces of Russia, the Disaster Medicine Service and the Ambulance Service.Methodology. The program of the 16th All-Russian Congress "Ambulance 2017", tactical and special exercises on the deployment of airfield evacuation center were included as a training and demonstration event . According to the plan of the exercise, several mass-causalty areas resulted from terrorist attacks along the border of the Leningrad Region.Results and discussion. To accomplish the tasks, an evacuation center was deployed with a capacity of up to 200 wounded and sick per day, evacuation capability of 32 stretcher wounded, and 4 h deployment time. During the exercise, non-invasive screening studies to proactively diagnose intracranial hematomas (portable infrared scanner), tension pneumothorax, hemopericardium, intrapleural and intra-abdominal bleeding (portable US device using FAST protocol), acute blood loss (portable laboratory analyzer) were performed in addition to standard examinations. To determine the priority of medical evacuation of victims, an improved Revised Trauma Score (RTS) scale with user-friendly software for Android mobile devices (smartphone, tablet) was used. In case of mass-causalty event and a shortage of specialized sanitary transport, those who needed urgent specialized medical care were transferred from an evacuation center via radial evacuation to specialized medical organizations subordinated to the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Health and the subjects of Russia.Conclusion. The feasibility of deploying an airfield evacuation center to eliminate the health effects of emergencies was determined by potential discrepancy between evacuation capacities of air transport and ambulances, on one hand, and the need to temporarily accommodate (including isolation) and provide emergency health care to victims.


In this paper, we present the simulation of a new variant of Snakes and Ladders Board Game in which the player is allowed either to avail or avoid the opportunity to jump to top of the ladder, when the roll of die leads to foot of the ladder, for some strategic reasons. The outcome of the change in the game results in emergence of scope for various new strategies for players to acquire besides the conventional "always-jump" approach. This paper describes the results of the simulation of the game, when played with four different strategies. The results show that it can be useful for a player on some occasions to avoid the jumping opportunity in order to increase the chance of winning the game.


It is the important content of the lab building to strengthen the control of apparatus facilities of colleges and universities.The article analyses the present controling state,existing problems and causes.Meanwhile it puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the control of the lab device.We must deepen the understanding and change the idea and set up the view of which buying the lab device is important and controlling them is even more important.


The present quantitative research study investigates students' perceptions of the use and efficacy of error correction symbols on written drafts. The study is significant because it has pedagogical implications for teachers, students, and policymakers. It answers the pertinent research question "whether the use of error correction symbols on students' written drafts is helpful for students in improving their writing accuracy or not". A structured questionnaire was distributed to students (N=396) via Moodle LMS to collect data. Study participants were General Foundation Program students in the English Language Centre of the University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Ibra, Sultanate of Oman. The findings of this study suggest that the students found the use of error correction symbols on their written drafts practical, helpful, and effective in improving their writing accuracy. Nevertheless, a similar research study needs to be conducted in other higher educational institutions in Oman to sustain the policy directions.


Objective: To observe the clinical results of acute respiratory distress syndrome,and analyze prognostic factors.Methods: During the period March 2006 to October 2011,56 cases of the acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were performed.Their clini-cal data has been analyzed wirh SPSS12.0,and then Logistic regression analysis has been used for it.Results: Patient has been compre-hensively treated on the base of PEEP with combining xuebijing injection and ulinastatin.Its fatality is 26.8%.It has remarkable signifi-cance such as ARDS concurrent MODS,APACHEⅡ score,and time during the period sick to being treated.Conclusions: The treatment is well.It was the main prognostic factors such as ARDS concurrent MODS,APACHEⅡ score,and time during the period sick to being treated.


The ways in which small and medium-sized enterprise(SME) owners protect (or neglect to protect) their innovations using theintellectual property rights framework are examined.Also investigated arewhether owners of innovative enterprises are more likely to use legal methodsto protect their assets than owners of less daring enterprises, as well aswhether the intellectual property rights system promotes or hampers innovationin small firms. These research questions were approached through a telephone survey of 389owner-managers of SMEs in the United Kingdom and by interviewing 99 of thoseowner-managers face-to-face.Respondents worked in at least one of foursectors (computer software, design, electronics, and mechanical engineering)and were asked to comment on perceived threats to confidential knowledge, themethods used to protect that knowledge (including legal action), and theirattitudes toward the influence of the legal framework on productdevelopment. Most owner-managers regard intellectual property rights as fairlyunimportant and prefer to use informal protection practices (such as high-trustrelationships with employees and suppliers and a lead time advantage ofcompetitors) instead of formal, legal methods.Highly innovativeenterprises, although more likely than less innovative firms to invoke theirproperty rights, generally prefer informal protection methodsalso.Because many firms regard the acquisition of formal rights as awaste of resources, policy-makers should consider offering more support to thedevelopment of new innovations rather than to the protection of existingones.(SAA)


The methodological approaches and the results of assessing the environmental risk level in river ecosystems of the Arctic region of Russia was presented. Assessing of the environmental risk level in ecosystem includes identifying possible negative consequences of anthropogenic impact, which are appeared in a violation of the structural organization of biocenoses. An intensification of the ecological devolution of individual communities of aquatic organisms is observed in modern conditions of anthropogenic impact and climatic variations in the Arctic ecosystems of rivers. The tendency to increase the ecological devolution level as the anthropogenic impact intensifies during the transition from less polluted Arctic rivers to more polluted ones (dirty) has been revealed. The ecological devolution level varies from absence (anthropogenic stress) to its appearance in the form of elements of ecological devolution. The results of the final assessment of the environmental risk level in the ecosystems of the Arctic region of Russia according to the ecological devolution level showed that the studied sections of the rivers are characterized by a low and medium level of risk. Further enhancement of anthropogenic impact on the catchments of Arctic rivers can lead to disruption of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems and intensification of ecological devolutions processes which may increase the level of environmental risk.


In this paper, we study the discretization behaviors of the equivalent control based sliding-mode control (SMC) systems. The investigation is carried out via studying the second order linear system and some interesting dynamic properties are explored. Especially, according to the variation of system parameters, the inherent dynamical behavior of the trajectories within some specified boundaries are studied. From this result, the boundaries of system state using symbolic dynamics approach are first proposed. Simulations are presented to verify the theoretical results.


Ascertaining consumer preferences for non-market goods is inherently difficult. Traditionally they have been estimated by asking individuals to consider and evaluate hypothetical scenarios (i. e. stated preference methods). Stated preference include such variants as contingent valuation (CV), standard gamble (SG), and risk-risk trade off (RR), and can be seen as a group of direct methods in comparison to the more indirect revealed preference methods. The RR and SG methods, both of which are based on the same theoretical foundation, expected utility theory, may be used when estimating values of health-related quality of life. In the RR method, respondents trade risks of fatal for non-fatal injuries until indifference is reached. In the SG method, the respondent is faced with a probability of being cured from a health state worse than full health and can trade the probabilities of treatment success and death as an adverse effect of the treatment. SG and RR methods thus produce values of health states or values of risk reductions in relative terms. In contrast, the CV approach, in which respondents trade off risks versus income, produces values of risk reductions in monetary terms. Relative values of health can be derived by comparing estimates of fatal and non-fatal values of risk reductions. The CV method has long been widely used in environmental economics for valuing non-market goods. More recently, it has also come to be used in health and transport economics, though more sparsely. An intense discussion of the validity of the CV method for estimating the value of risk reductions has arisen, however (BEATTIE et al., 1998 and CARTHY et al., 1999). Previous comparisons of empirical work have shown that results are not robust to the different stated preference methods (JONES-LEE et al., 1995 a, JONES-LEE et al., 1995b and DOLAN et al., 1995). JONES-LEE et al. (1995b), for instance, suggest that SG rather than CV responses should be used to derive a value for the prevention of non-fatal road injuries.


Social isolation (SI) is a form of chronic stress that increases the risk for disease (hypertension, obesity, depression) and the COVID-19 pandemic has brought the entire world to appreciate its impact on mental and physical health. However, there is limited information pertaining to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the deleterious impacts of SI. Within the hypothalamus, orexin-producing neurons (ORX) contribute to the regulation of arousal states, stress response, cardiorespiratory and metabolic homeostasis. Because these functions are all affected by SI, we hypothesised that SI disrupts ORX neurotransmission in rats.The experiments were carried out on two groups of adult female and male Sprague Dawley rats: controls (2/cage, n = 7), and socially isolated (SI; 1/cage, 3 weeks, n = 10). At the end of the isolation protocol, cardiovascular measurements were obtained by the tail cuff method. Rats were deeply anesthetised, and terminal blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for multiplex assay. The brain was extracted after transcardiac perfusion 4% PFA/borax between 11.00 h and 13.00 h. Fos-B is a transcription factor indicative of neuronal activity; its expression was quantified in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), which are essential regions in the regulation of the stress response and cardiorespiratory function, respectively. Double immunostaining was performed with Fos-B on ORX neurons.In SI males, the elevated plasma corticosterone levels and increased number of Fos-B expressing neurons in the PVN compared to controls confirm that SI activates the stress pathways. Preliminary results in females indicate no stress activation. Mean arterial pressure of SI rats was higher than controls (+14mmHg); this stress effect was less important in females (+4mmHg). In males, SI reduced the number of ORX-labeled cells by 20% but increased the proportion of cells co-expressing Fos-B by 60%. SI also increased Fos-B expression in the NTS of males compared to controls.We conclude that SI activates the stress pathways in a sex-specific manner. This effect, along with enhanced activation of the NTS and ORX neurons likely play an important role in the etiology of hypertension and metabolic dysfunction. Completion of ongoing analyses in females will determine if the effects of SI on ORX neurotransmission is sex-specific. This research is supported by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIRH, RK and VJ). N.J.M. was supported by a Sentinel North Partnered Research Chair in Sleep Pharmacometabolism and a Fonds de Recherche du Quebec Sante (FRQS) Research Scholar J1 award. MG is the recipient of a doctoral scholarship from the FRQS. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


Support Vector Machine(SVM)has to solve the quadratic programming problem,while least squares support vector machine(LS-SVM)only needs to deal with the linear equations. However the defect of LS-SVM is the lack of sparseness.In this paper,a method named sparse least squares support vector machine classifier(SLS-SVM)is presented to remedy the defect of the LS-SVM.It is carried out by pre-extracting margin vectors using center distance ratio method as original training samples and putting those which have not been classified correctly in the first training together as new training samples.The proposed method not only remedies the defect of LS-SVM,but also speeds up training and classifying.Furthermore,it can rectify the deviation of the classifier for unbalanced training data and the classifying ability is not affected.The good per- formance of SLS-SVM is verified on several data sets.


Nowadays emulgel systems are currently of attention to the pharmaceutical scientists because of their substantial potential to act as drug delivery vehicle by incorporating a broad range of drug molecules. Emulgel is one of the recent technology in NDDS used topically having characteristics of dual control release i.e. emulsion as well as gel. Emulgels have emerged as one of the most interesting topical delivery systems as it has dual release control system i.e. gel and emulsion. When gel and emulsion are used in
combined form, the dosage form are referred as emulgel.
In current review article, various aspects of the emulgel are discussed.


The literature claims that this ambiguity is resolved in the semantics – a speaker uses lexical knowledge and context, among other things, to determine which interpretation is the most appropriate. It is widely assumed that phonology plays little to no role in helping resolve this ambiguity (Katz and Postal 1967, Fraser 1970). Given this view, there should be no systematic differences in how the sentences are produced, and, consequently, in the absence of context, speakers should not be able decide which interpretation to assign to an out-of-the-blue utterance containing those words. However, this assumption has never been tested experimentally.


Knowing the Decision Makers (DM) preferences during the search process may help the algorithms to find solutions adequate to the DM profile. For this purpose, some interactive approaches allow the DM to evaluate solutions during the search process, rating them with scores. These scores represent the adequacy level of the solutions concerning the DM preferences and should influence the evolution of the search algorithm. Nevertheless, in these interactive approaches, this prioritization is partial and/or specific for a problem domain. In this context, this work aims to propose an initial version of an interactive ranking operator for NSGA-II, whose goal is to support the ranking of solutions considering both the DM preferences and the fitness of the solutions, for any software engineering domain. For validating the proposal, we incorporate this operator in an interactive approach for Product Line Architecture design. The results pointed out that the new ranking operator can properly deal with the DM preferences, giving a greater chance of surviving to those solutions with higher scores without compromising the diversity of solutions.


As XML has become a standard for data representation and exchange, XML data processing becomes more and more important for server workloads like web servers and database servers. One of the most time consuming part is data parsing. In this paper, we present a performance study of XML data parsing through measurement and simulation. We evaluate the data parsing behavior and study architectural characteristics such as instruction mix and cache behavior. It is observed that XML data parsing benefits from a larger instruction cache compared to data cache. Based on our analysis, we incorporate new instructions with special hardware support to speedup certain frequently-used operations. Our simulation results have shown that these new instructions can improve the performance by up to 12.7%.


The sudden emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on the practice of pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) at our hospital, in New York City, the epicentre of the pandemic in the United States. From 6 March through 15 May 2020, we treated 1246 hospitalized COVID patients, with 268 needing mechanical ventilation, and during that same time, we took care of countless outpatients with acute COVID-19 illness and its sequelae. The sudden surge of severely ill patients in a narrow time window imposed great stress on our resources, our patients, their families and our providers. In the process of caring for these patients, we learned much, and many of the lessons and adaptations that we made will change the practice of PCCM for years to come, both in and out of the hospital. In addition, we are developing new methods for providing education, training and supervision, which will also have a lasting impact on the nature and methods of postgraduate education in PCCM. As we have become aware of the need for social distancing, and many patients are wary of returning to traditional offices and hospital settings, telemedicine has become a central part of our new world. In the outpatient setting, we are seeing fewer patients face-to-face, and relying more on video visits. Telemedicine provides access to medical care, without long wait times, and can allow us to accurately evaluate some common problems such as lung nodules, mild asthma, mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cough and dyspnoea. We have also seen a large number of patients who are recovering from COVID-19 and have symptoms of cough, postinfectious bronchospasm, dyspnoea, post-COVID-19 organizing pneumonia and a variety of non-specific respiratory complaints, and many of these can be managed remotely. It is clear that outpatient practice will need to accommodate the care of patients who have recovered from COVID-19. This will include not only those who did not require hospitalization, but also those surviving intensive care unit (ICU) care, who need to recover from 'post-ICU syndrome', with a focus on not only respiratory illness, but also psychological distress, occupational limitations and physical reconditioning. While telemedicine has facilitated some patient contact, especially with those reluctant to leave their homes, there are limitations to this technology. Most obviously, we have a limited ability to do a thorough physical examination of the lung, but we also miss the intangible 'sixth sense' that an experienced clinician can employ when sitting with a patient during an evaluation. During a video visit, we cannot do lung function testing or other physiological evaluations such as the 6min walk test. Patient satisfaction with telemedicine is mixed, and in our experience, while patients find the visit to be acceptable, 60% have told us that they want their next visit to be done in person. We have worried that some patients without COVID-19 disease, but with other serious respiratory illnesses will avoid getting needed medical care, to their own detriment. Thus, going forward, we will need to find the right balance of in-person versus video visits, but after our recent experiences, it seems that telemedicine will be a permanent part of our practice. For the future, we anticipate that as many as half of all encounters will be by video, and that the frequency of being able to see complex patients may actually increase, using a mixture of in-person and video evaluations. For many patients, we may be able to alternate in-person with video visits, and optimize how closely we can monitor them . The inpatient practice of PCCM will also be changed because of our experiences with COVID-19. Our entire concept of what defines an ICU and ICU team has changed. When we needed to develop 'pop-up ICUs' to handle a fiveto six-fold higher number of critically ill patients than could be handled in our usual number of ICU beds, we improvised and developed ICU in areas that were not previously configured for this purpose. This included areas originally designated for lower levels of care, or even converting operating rooms into ICU. We improvised with non-traditional ventilators, usually used for noninvasive ventilation, chronic ventilation or even by adapting anaesthesia machines to accommodate the fivefold greater number of ventilated patients. We developed multidisciplinary ICU teams using a mixture of PCCM physicians, nurses, anaesthesiologists, cardiologists, emergency medicine physicians, neurointensivists, surgical intensivists and even hospitalists. With proper supervision, organization and camaraderie, all members of the team brought their own unique expertise. We also developed specialized teams to help with very specific tasks. Thus, we had an intubation team comprised of anaesthesiologists and nurse anaesthetists; a vascular access team comprised of surgical proceduralists; and a proning team comprised of physical therapists. This type of specialization is not our usual practice, but was essential with the high volume of procedures being done in a short time period, and may be needed in the future for new surges of critical illness.


Abstract Cinacalcet hydrochloride is the only approved drug acting as calcimimetic, a new class of compounds used in the therapy of secondary hyperparathyroidism and parathyroid carcinoma. Several generic drug manufacturers and research groups from academia have reported alternative approaches to this molecule, mainly from (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine. There are mainly three strategies that have been used to couple this readily accessible enantiopure amine to the other part of the molecule: amide formation followed by reduction, reaction with an aldehyde and reduction of the resulting imine, and nucleophilic substitution with a suitable partner that carries a leaving group. More exotic approaches have also been disclosed. In the present review all of them are discussed. 1 Introduction 2 Synthetic Approaches Involving the Synthesis of an Amide Followed by Its Reduction 2.1 Approaches Involving Saturated Amide 2 from Acid 3 2.2 Approaches Involving Acrylamide 5 2.3 Alternatives Approaches Involving Amides 3 Synthetic Approaches Involving a Reductive Amination 3.1 Processes for the Synthesis of 3-(Trifluoromethyl)cinnamaldehyde (18) and 3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanal (20) 3.2 Processes Involving 18 3.3 Processes Involving 20 4 Synthetic Approaches Involving a Substitution Reaction 4.1 Substitutions Involving Alkyl Halides or Pseudohalides 4.2 Substitutions Involving Allyl Halides or Pseudohalides 4.3 Substitution Involving a Propynyl Mesylate 4.4 Direct Substitution without Activating the Hydroxyl Group 5 Miscellaneous Synthetic Approaches 6 Conclusions


Abstract Using the Stückrad–Vogel self-intersection cycle of an irreducible and reduced curve in pro-jective space, we obtain a formula that relates the degree of the secant variety, the degree and the genus of the curve and the self-intersection numbers, the multiplicities and the number of branches of the curve at its singular points. From this formula we deduce an expression for the difference between the genera of the curve. This result shows that the self-intersection multiplicity of a curve in projective N-space at a singular point is a natural generalization of the intersection multiplicity of a plane curve with its generic polar curve. In this approach, the degree of the secant variety (up to a factor 2), the self-intersection numbers and the multiplicities of the singular points are leading coefficients of a bivariate Hilbert polynomial, which can be computed by computer algebra systems.


We report on an ongoing study on the importance of the contributions of different photospheric variations to the line profile variations of hot pulsating stars.


Tigecycline belongs to a new class of tetracyclines, the glycylcyclines, less than 20% of which is metabolized in the liver. Twenty‐five patients with cirrhosis with varying degrees of functional hepatic reserve (Child‐Pugh A, n = 10; B, n = 10; C, n = 5) and 23 healthy adults, matched by age, sex, weight, and smoking habits, received 100 mg of tigecycline infused intravenously over 60 minutes. Serum and urine samples were collected up to 120 hours after dosing. Pharmacokinetic data were derived using noncompartmental methods. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events in healthy volunteers were nausea (56.5%), vomiting (21.7%), and headache (21.7%) and in the patients with cirrhosis, albuminuria (12%). Mean (±1 SD) tigecycline clearance values were 29.8 ± 11.3 L/h in healthy subjects and 31.2 ± 13.9 L/h (Child‐Pugh A), 22.1 ± 9.3 L/h (Child‐Pugh B), and 13.5 ± 2.7 L/h (Child‐Pugh C) in the patients. A single intravenous dose of tigecycline 100 mg was safe and well‐tolerated in patients with cirrhosis with varying degrees of hepatic functional reserve. No adjustment of tigecycline maintenance dosage is warranted in patients with compensated or moderately decompensated cirrhosis; doses should be reduced by 50%, to 25 mg, every 12 hours in patients with severely decompensated disease.


This chapter analyses Ottinger's Ticket of No Return (1979) and Turanskyj's
 The Drifter (2010), bringing into focus the imprint of West German feminist
 filmmaking on contemporary cinema, despite the significant undermining
 and obscuring of its legacy via processes of privatization and media
 conglomeration. Like the films discussed in the previous chapter, the two
 films under consideration here engage themes of refusal and disaffection
 with the status quo at the levels of both form and content. Focusing on
 women protagonists in Berlin who exhibit gender, sexual, and class mobility
 and refuse to accede to regimes of normativity, these films demonstrate
 how responsibilization, flexibilization, and professionalization emerge as
 "solutions" to problems of agency and sovereignty in neoliberal capitalism.


Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widespread tool that quantifies environmental impacts from the life cycles of products and systems expressed into a number of impact categories (climate change, ozone depletion, nutrient enrichment, etc.). LCA addresses environmental sustainability in a relative sense: systems having the same functionality are compared with the purpose of identifying the one with the overall lowest environmental impact (i.e. highest eco-efficiency). To better compare across categories, impacts from systems under study may be related to society's background impact to bring about a perspective on the magnitude of the impacts compared to those already exerted. Such assessments provide however no information on the harmfulness of a given impact on the affected ecosystems. LCA thus suffers from not being able to assess environmental sustainability in an absolute sense. We suggest integrating planetary boundaries (PB) into the LCA framework to address this shortcoming. PB have emerged as a popular concept that defines boundaries that, if exceeded, may trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental- to planetary-scale systems or undermine the resilience of the Earth system (e.g. for climate change, ocean acidification and global freshwater use). It has been proposed that an envi-ronmentally sustainable global society must stay within the safe operating space permitted by the PB. PB may thus fulfill the role of absolute sustainability reference points that LCA currently lacks. Here, we demonstrate how PB can be linked to LCA impact categories via impact modeling. This allows for the expression of impacts into person equivalents of safe operating space. A person equivalent is, in this context, defined as the maximum amount of environmental impact that an average person can cause when society as a whole must stay within the safe operating space. This is valuable in a system design context when one faces trade-offs (and possibly synergies) between types of impacts. For instance one system configuration may have high greenhouse gas emissions, while another may have high land use and leaching of nutrients into water bodies. Expressing impacts relative to the safe operating needs and wants of all people across space and time and keeping within the safe operating space.


Fractures of the acetabulum are the result of high energy trauma. Fractures of the acetabulum can lead to degenerative of the hip, avascular necrosis of the femoral head and heterotopic ossification. when significant joint changes and pain are present, total hip replacement(THR) is the only reasonable method of surgical treatment for some patients. THR after non operatively or operatively treated acetabular fractures has more technical problems than routine primary THR. Important consideration include surgical approach,management of hardware and heterotopic ossification and management of defect and nonunion, option of component, management of infection and sciatic nerve in THR. It is concluded thatTHR acts an important role in the management of acetabular fractures, including acute management for certain rare cases, failed operatively treatment of acetabular and later acetabular fracture.


The author puts forward the species of imagery, which the Barbi girl and the doll belong to -- - the first one is the adolescent imagery while the other is the infant imagery. Also, the author compares the big potential influence on the character figure forming of children by playing them and analyzes their cultural prototype from the comparison between Chinese culture and the Western.


The Concept of Erotized Transference Harold P. Blum, M.D. IN THIS PAPER, I WILL REVIEW the concept of erotized transference and will explore its pathogenesis, dynamics, and some recurrent problems of its analytic significance and treatment. Because the term erotized transference has been defined and used in such a variety of ways in recent years, an exploration of its pathogenesis, dynamics, and analytic significance seems appropriate. Freud (1915) devoted a paper to the subject of transference love "partly because it occurs so often and is so important in its real aspects, and partly because of its theoretical interest. What I have in mind is the case in which a woman patient shows by unmistakable indications, or openly declares, that she has fallen in love, as any other mortal woman might, with the doctor who is analysing her. This situation has its distressing and comical aspects, as well as its serious ones. It is also determined by ... many ... complicated factors" (p. 159). Freud early recognized and understood erotic transference as a repetition of childhood experience and expectations. In his "Observations on Transference Love" (1915) he refers to love for the analyst as particularly blind, irrational, unrealistic, and infantile. The analytic situation and process foster the development of such erotic transference, with its demands for love and gratification. Freud knew that such love for the analyst was a defensive response and resistance, a childish attachment rather than mature


The toxicity of ten pesticides to Brachydanio rerio was investigated using standardized laboratory procedures;the grade was compartmentalized according to toxicity scope;and the safety evaluation was made for these pesticides.The results indicate that the LC50(96 h) of two pesticides is lower than 0.1 mg/ L(belong to extremely high toxicity grade);that of five pesticides is between 0.1~1.0 mg/L(belong to high toxicity grade);that of one pesticide is between 0.1~1.0 mg/L(belong to moderate toxicity grade);that of two pesticides is higher than 10 mg/L(belong to slight toxicity grade).


The development of a self-tuning feedforward dynamic compensator including the lead-lag and dead-time compensation, using the pattern recognition approach, is described. The technique has been undergoing trials using a simulation on a distributed control system. The results indicate that the self-tuning algorithm could be effective.<<ETX>>


Green hydrogen is an ideal and zero-pollution fuel that converted from solar and other renewable energies. Efficient photocatalytic productions of hydrogen mainly rely on the development of high-performance photocatalysts. In...


In this study, zircon sand is separated into zirconia and silica by using the Ar-H 2 arc plasma refining. And then silica is removed from it by the microwave leaching method to produce a high pure zirconia. Plasma melting consist of two sequential processes; reduction process with Ar gas only followed by refining process with Ar-H 2 gas. After cooling in chamber. The solid phase obtained at 240 o C were found to be composed of 20% sulfuric acid solution. The solution was used as a leaching solution with microwave irradiation to obtain a high purity zirconia.


Objective To observe the effect of facial scars were treated with erbium pixel laser combined with silicone gel.Methods The treatment group of 35 cases,within one month after facial wound healing begin the pixel erbium laser treatment,1 times a month,a total of five times,use silicon gel at the same time.The control group were 41 cases,only use the silicone gel,the same way as the treatment group.After 6 months treatment,Vancouver Scar scale(VSS) as the basis to evaluate the therapeutic effects were compared two groups.Results The mean total score on scar : treatment group was 3.43±1.945,control group was 4.37 ±1.593,t=-2.310,P0.05;the mean score on scar color: treatment group was 1.09 ±0.919,control group was 1.78 ±0.881,t =-3.359,P 0.05.Conclusion Erbium pixel laser combined with silicone gel to prevent facial scar effect in 6 months after operation is better than only using silicon gel,especially the scar color is better than single use of silicone gel.