In recent years, the development of electric vehicles has gained a lot progress. Many infrastructures are being installed for the electrical vehicles. However, due to the limited power availability, not every electric vehicle can be charged simultaneously in parking lots. This paper proposed a simulation environment which is a Genetic Algorithm based charging control system that can achieve more efficient charging schedule, and take the power constraints into consideration as well. The results of three simulated scenarios are presented. The simulations show that the proposed Genetic Algorithm based charging control system can efficiently maximize the profit or minimize the charging time according to the objectives of different parking lots.


The present work deals with the dynamic response of structures that are irregular in height consisting of two parts. The first part is made of concrete, is founded on the ground and has a damping ratio equal to 5%, while the second one is made of steel, is resting on the first one and has a damping ratio equal to 2%. Current regulations do not cover the design of such structures, particularly the cases where the steel part has considerable mass compared to that of the concrete part. The only analytical solution existing is in complex form, not suitable for every day use. Time history analyses of 2-DOF systems are carried out, in order to evaluate the error occurring by the use of these complex modal characteristics in real valued modal analysis. The results are shown in contour plots of modal equivalent damping ratio as a function of the dynamic characteristics of the two parts of the structure. These modal damping ratios are then applied for the analysis of a real 2-DOF structure.


1. The sample acquiring device for volumetric enumeration of white blood cells in a blood sample, said sample acquiring device comprising: a measurement cavity for receiving a blood sample, wherein the measurement cavity has a predetermined thickness! reagent, which is in a dried form on a surface defining the measurement cavity, said reagent comprising a hemolysing agent for lysing red blood cells in a blood sample and a staining agent for selectively staining white blood cells in a blood sample. ! 2. The sampling device of claim 1, wherein the sample acquiring device comprises a body member having two planar surfaces to define said measurement cavity. ! 3. Sampling device according to claim 2, wherein the flat surfaces are located at a predetermined distance from one another to determine a sample thickness for an optical measurement. ! 4. The sampling device of claim 1, wherein the measurement cavity has a uniform thickness of 50-170 micrometers. ! 5. The sample acquiring device according to claim 4, wherein the measurement cavity has a uniform thickness of at least 100 microns. ! 6. The sampling device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the measurement cavity has a uniform thickness of not more than 150 microns. ! 7. The sampling device of claim 1, wherein the reagent is applied to the surface solved in a volatile liquid which has evaporated, leaving the reagent in a dried form. ! 8. The sampling device of claim 1 wherein the staining reagent is adapted to selectively stain the nuclei of the white blood cells. ! 9. The sampling device of claim 1, wherein the coloring agent is any agent in the group of Hematoxylin, Methylene


Received:July 9, 2019, Revised:August 1, 2019, Accepted:August 11, 2019 Corresponding to:Ki Won Moon http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-8328 Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, 1 Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon 24341, Korea. E-mail:email@example.com Copyright c 2019 by The Korean College of Rheumatology. All rights reserved. This is an Open Access article, which permits unrestricted non-commerical use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article pISSN: 2093-940X, eISSN: 2233-4718 Journal of Rheumatic Diseases Vol. 26, No. 4, October, 2019 https://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2019.26.4.264


ABSTRACT The Central and Eastern European Proteomic Conference (CEEPC) proudly celebrated its 10th Anniversary with an exciting scientific program inclusive of proteome, proteomics and systems biology in Budapest, Hungary. Since 2007, CEEPC has represented 'state-of the-art' proteomics in and around Central and Eastern Europe and these series of conferences have become a well-recognized event in the proteomic calendar. Fresher challenges and global healthcare issues such as ageing and chronic diseases are driving clinical and scientific research towards regenerative, reparative and personalized medicine. To this end, proteomics may enable diverse intertwining research fields to reach their end goals. CEEPC will endeavor to facilitate these goals.


Many cities around the world face the challenge of an aging population. A full understanding of the mobility behavior characteristics of the elderly is one necessary and urgent consideration as regards the current aging trend if sustainable urban development is to be fully realized. This paper presents a systematic approach to analyzing the dynamic mobility characteristics of the elderly who travel by bus using smart card big data. The characteristics include temporal distribution, travel distance, travel duration, travel frequency, and also the spatial distribution of such travelers. The findings of these mobility characteristics can directly contribute to both public transport policy making, service, and management. In this study, the analytics of the elderly are also compared with that of the average adult group so as to identify both the similarities and differences between the two groups. Beijing, a megacity, with a very high life expectancy and in which the bus is the dominant mode of public transport for the elderly, was used as the study area. The significance of this research concerns a newly developed systematic approach that is able to analyze the dynamic mobility characteristics of the elderly using smart card data.


We present the first stateless construction of a cryptographically-secure Physical Unclonable Function. Our construct requires no non-volatile (permanent) storage, secure or otherwise, and its computational security can be clearly reduced to the hardness of Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) in the random oracle model. The construction is "stateless," because there is no information stored between subsequent queries, which mitigates attacks against the PUF via tampering. Moreover, our stateless construction corresponds to a PUF whose outputs are free of noise because of internal error-correcting capability, which enables a host of applications beyond authentication. We describe the construction, provide a proof of computational security, and present experimental evidence that this construct is viable.


In the literature, there are numerous examples of ways of preserving skills and connoisseurship by tradition. A community of practice, in particular, is frequently seen as a site of the social learning process. Such an approach derives from the viewpoint that learning is not a single isolated activity, but rather an aspect of all social activity. Furthermore, a community of practice is often seen as a natural context for the existence and creation of knowledge due to the interpretative connection created by its own cultural history. For example, it binds the social processes with the institutional contexts such as business organisation. Depending on the viewpoint, there are several ways to define a community of practice. In general, it is maintained that mutual practices create a bond between the practitioners and the particular nature of the bond varies. The community of practice, for example, may set relations among persons according to repetitive, common conventions of social action including tools and language. Nevertheless, the term community does not necessarily imply physical co-presence. On the contrary, the existence of virtual communities connected by means of the Internet, for example, is becoming an increasingly interesting topic both in the literature and in practice. Although the concept of community of practice is theoretically well known, and various applications have been proposed in the literature, it can by no means be considered as an empirically straightforward issue. Purposeful organising of such communities in business context, in particular, may lead to a situation where organised communities are seen as an additional sphere of activities, detached from mainstream organisational functions. As a result, these communities may lack social connections to other professional activities and fail to create the intended intensifying approach to knowledge processes underlying business success. In other words, knowledge management has failed to be integrated with other management approaches and is weakly linked to overall business strategy and organisational performance. In his doctoral dissertation, the present author has studied the concept of community of practice in the context of product development organisation and conducted several case studies in the field of software application development. The present paper sets out to provide useful ideas on knowledge management in practice. The concept of community of practice is re-examined and approached in terms of professional practice. Such a community is used in reference to a dynamic concept which links both the individual and social history of professional practitioners with practice in the business context. According to the adopted approach, this community is not seen as an isolated group of people in a certain situational context. Instead, it is proposed to have a particular life cycle in relation to other business activities. Furthermore, it is maintained that this dynamic relationship should be actively managed as a part of overall business management. 1. COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE To a certain extent, the concept of community of practice is well-known. It has been discussed frequently in the literature and several practical applications have been proposed. However, it is fair to say that it can by no means be considered as an empirically straightforward concept to apply in business practice. Examples presented in the literature, for example, may include descriptions of communities of practice functioning in a business context. Furthermore, such cases are often presented in relation to overall business success. However, demarcation of the path from various activities within the particular communities in question to business success is often left ambiguous. Also, such a way to success may be difficult to repeat in practice. The present paper sets out to provide insight on knowledge management in practice. This is done by recalling the theoretical background of the communities. In addition, the concept of community of practice is enlarged by focusing on professional practice in particular. In the next section, a motivation for the discussion is given. 1.1 Fallacy of Isolated Knowledge Creation It seems reasonable to assume that the importance of knowledge creation is well understood in numerous business organisations today. It may be questioned, however, whether knowledge creation is always understood as an integrated part of organisational functions or whether it is still regarded as a separate issue. For some reason, a community of practice is often approached from the latter viewpoint only. It is often seen as a separate social grouping for the purpose of knowledge creation and sharing. As such, it is typically detached from mainstream organisational functions in the form of a "special interest group", "peer group" or a new setting for discussion, for example. Such forms, however, represent only a marginal manifestation of all types of communities of practice. Furthermore, instead of improving the performance of overall organisational activities, these kind of organised communities mainly provide an additional sphere of activities. Nevertheless, the implementation of such communities may provide concrete benefits. Also, such an approach may lead to further utilisation of the social processes underlying organisational knowledge creation and thus, improve the systematic integration of knowledge creation and the mainstream organisational activities. However, this limited approach has also risks. If the role of communities is unclear, for example, it may be difficult to support the right activities based on the business strategy. As a result, it may be that good ideas never make it to the realisation phase or wrong ideas will get promoted. Furthermore, it may be that the strategy selected misses links between the vision and reality due to the lack of systematic knowledge sharing. Or, it may be that a particular community of practice seems to be working nicely, but does not contribute to any measurable business result. The present paper sets out to re-open the view to the possibilities that the concept of communities of practice can provide to business organisations. First, a brief discussion on the theoretical background is presented. 1.2 Mutual Participation and Learning Schön (1987) maintains that a community of practitioners is a group of individuals who share common conventions of action. According to Schön, the practices create a bond between the practitioners and are formed by mutual units of activities. These activities represent repetitive occurrences of particular kinds of social situations and take place within a specific institutional context, such as a business organisation. In other words, the concept of community of practitioners binds the social processes with the institutional contexts. Lave and Wenger (1993) approach a community of practice as a site of a learning process. According to them, learners always participate in communities of practitioners. Furthermore, to make the learning process possible, newcomers have to move towards full participation in the sociocultural practices of a community. This process, by which newcomers become part of a community of practice, is called Legitimised Peripheral Participation (LPP) (Lave & Wenger 1993). It is interesting to note that Lave and Wenger regard learning not as single isolated activity, but as an aspect of all social activity: "In our view, participation at multiple levels is entailed in membership in a community of practice. Nor does the term community imply necessarily co-presence, a well-defined, identifiable group, or socially visible boundaries. It does imply participation in an activity system about which participants share understandings concerning what they are doing and what that means in their lives and for their communities...A community of practice is a set of relations among persons, activity, and world, over time and in relation with other tangential and overlapping communities of practice" (1993, p. 98). Practitioner Participation: units of activities, learning process Full participation, expertise Bonds between the practitioners An activity system Figure 1. A simplified illustration of a community of practice. Several authors emphasise the informal nature of a community of practice. Botkin (1999), for example, regards communities of practice only as informal groups that are formed and shaped by circumstances, and refers to purposely formed communities as "knowledge communities". Similarly, Wenger and Snyder (2000) state that communities of practice are "groups of people informally bound together by shared expertise and passion for a joint enterprise" (2000, p.139). However, the earlier concept by Lave and Wenger (1993) as well as the concept of practice by Schön (1987), for example, may also be considered to support the applicability of the concept of community to intended organisations. The present author approaches the subject from the latter viewpoint. This viewpoint is further discussed in the next chapter. 2. COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE IN RELATION TO ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES It is important to note that Legitimised Peripheral Participation (LPP) as defined by Lave and Wenger (1993) is not a structure for learning. Instead, it describes active participation, a way of acting in the changing world: "...learning is a way of being in the social world, not a way of coming to know about it." (Lave & Wenger 1993, p.24) Therefore, the question remains how to facilitate this active participation in a business organisation. 2.1 Learning in Organisations According to Argyris and Schön (e.g. 1996), an organisation is a co-operative system governed by a set of rules and roles. Moreover, individuals of such an organisation are agents acting for the organisation. From a learning viewpoint, it follows that action in a co-operative framework creates situational and contextual know


A non-invasive method for examining anterior chamber aqueous humour in the eye is described. Fibre optics were used to make fluorescence and absorption measurements in a perfused animal eye, thus enabling the concentration of particular compounds introduced into the eye to be measured.


This paper develops Mean and Range control charts in fuzzy environment using different transformation methods. It is assumed that the observations of each sample are fuzzy random variables, which have triangular membership functions. After calculating fuzzy mean and fuzzy range of each sample using fuzzy arithmetic, their representative values are calculated exploiting the transformation methods. Then, using statistical properties of the obtained representative values and basic structure of Shewhart control charts, new Mean and Range control charts are constructed to monitor the process mean and variation. After that, the power of control charts constructed based on different transformation methods are examined applying average run length ARL criterion. According to this criterion, it is concluded that, contrary to the previous claim, these different transformation methods lead to mean and rang control charts with various performances. Moreover, it is represented that the value of α --level has significant influence on the performance of obtained control charts. Finally, it is derived that incorporating fuzziness into observations results in less powerful control charts.


Purpose: The purpose of our report was to evaluate the result of operative treatment of hallux valgus in old age patients. Materials and Methods: We studied about the clinical & radiologic results of the 31 patients over 55 years old, who had operative treatment of hallux valgus. Clinical evaluation, such as pain, activity limitation, footwear requirement, 1st metatarsophalangeal joint motion, and callosity, was done using AOFAS scale and preoperative and postoperative radiologic parameters, such as hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, tibial sesamoid position, 1st metatarsal shortening, were evaluated by conventional methods. Results: Objectively, according to AOFAS, the score improved from average of 57.8 to 71.5 postoperatively. The range of motion of first metatarsophalangeal joint was decreased from average of 60.7 to 56.8 degrees. Radiologically, the hallux valgus angle improved from average of 35 to 6.5 degrees and the first intermetatarsal angle improved from average of 14.2 to 4.4 degrees. The position of sesamoid was collected from an average of grade 3.6 to grade 2.2. Conclusion: The combination of proximal metatarsal osteotomy, distal soft tissue procedure and Akin osteotomy may yield rather satisfactory clinacal result in severe elderly hallux valgus patients with massive degenerative change and poor soft tissue condition.


For the spatial information network link load imbalance, the task of differentiated service quality requirements is difficult to meet. This paper proposes a spatial information network task service level agreement, which includes the quality of service requirements and priority avoidance strategies required by the task, and provides a basis for spatial information network resource allocation and task service quality requirements. On this basis, the space information network task service station is designed to perform edge calculation on the task flow that is about to enter the network side, identify and mark the service flow service level, and provide technical support for task-driven network-wide resource scheduling. The simulation results show that in the event of a conflict of task resources, the service station can maintain high task satisfaction while effectively balancing the link load, and has a significant improvement in link resource utilization.


Most health professionals are likely to weigh up the pros and cons of becoming a locum at some point in their careers. The prospect of being able to choose where and when you do or do not work is o...


The design of the machine roll plate made from pewter to be developed is a machine that is simple, easy to be usde and does not endanger the user and use 1 phase ac motors. The system uses two cylinder rolls at the top and bottom with a thickness regulator by using a screw system. The material used is steel st. 40 for the roll materials and to get the smooth rolling process, then roll grinding cylinder. For the power cylinder roll will be analyzed by the software that is to know the voltage that occurs in the cylinder roll when rolling the pewter plate by assumed load of 1000 kg. The result of this research is the engine may roll the plate pewter with a size of 260 mm x 70 mm x 3 mm to a size of 430 mm x 77 mm x 1 mm, which takes 6 minutes of 1 plate pewter, plate surface pewter solid and smooth, and the size of the plate length increases ± 98% and ± 7% width, thus saving time, effort and cost in the casting process.


By batch adsorption method,Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) adsorption by the purple soils in water-levelfluctuating belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir area,and the effect of different cations on available heavy metals' content were studied.The results showed that as the concentrations of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) in solution increased,the amount of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) adsorbed by the three purple soils increased.The maximum amount of Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) adsorbed by the alkaline soil were the highest among the three soils,reaching 1499.5 mg.kg-1 and 2845.4 mg.kg-1 respectively;There are specific adsorption sites for Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) in the soils.Under the condition of coexisting Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ),there is adsorption competition between them,and the adsorption ability is Cu(Ⅱ) Zn(Ⅱ).The maximum adsorption capacity of each metal ions is less than that of the single ion.The maximum amount of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorbed by alkaline,neutral,and acid soil decreased by 14.5%,15.2%,15.9%,and by 31.7%,28.1%,25.7% for Zn(Ⅱ).The content of available Cu(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) in the purple soil was affected by the types and concentrations of cations.The addition of cations leads to an increase of available Cu(Ⅱ) content in alkaline purple soil but a decrease in the acid and neutral purple soil.It leads to a decrease of the available Zn(Ⅱ) in all the three purple soils.In the looded soil,the existence of Cu(Ⅱ) and other cations in the cover water would decrease the adsorption ability of soil for Zn(Ⅱ) and increase the risk of Zn pollution.


Pulmonary infections span a wide spectrum, ranging from self-limited to life threatening.  Pneumonia refers to infection of lung parenchyma, specifically the alveolar or gas-exchanging portions of the lung. Taken together, pneumonia and influenza rank as the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the leading infectious cause of death in the United States and the world. Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB, historically a leading cause of death worldwide, remains an enormous global public health epidemic in much of the developing world. Rates of coinfection with HIV are high, and HIV increases the morbidity and mortality associated with TB. This review details the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of pulmonary infection, including pneumonia, empyema, pulmonary abscess, and tuberculosis (TB). Figures show chest radiographs of reactivation pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV-infected patients with proven culture-confirmed tuberculosis, prominent hilar adenopathy with clear lung fields, and bilateral interstitial changes; and treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. Tables list major causes of pulmonary infection, host defence mechanisms against pulmonary infection, initial empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with suspected community-acquired pneumonia, initial antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients, initial antibiotic therapy for community-acquired pneumonia in patients who require hospitalization, antibiotic choices for aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia severity index scoring, and mortality by pneumonia severity index point score.

This review contains 2 figures, 9 tables, and 87 references
Key words: Pulmonary infections; Pneumonia; Tuberculosis; Lung infection; Mycobacteria; Community-acquired pneumonia; Health care-associated pneumonia; Aspiration pneumonia; Empyema; Legionnaires disease


Soybean consumption has grown rapidly, but its production increased at a much lower rate, and as a result its demand can only be met by import. On the other hand, the irrigated land most suitable for soybean development is still in a large potential. To utilize the resource, the government made a special effort through intensification and area expansion program as well. The irrigated lowland at West Java northern coastal region is one of strategic opportunities to boost soybean production based on location, accessibility and land suitability. Soybean is usually produced in the second dry season (July-September), and it is expected to increase farm income, to create rural employment opportunity especially for landless farmer. Some influencing factors for further development are among otthers good seed availability, irrigation and competition of labor used.


Considering the attack process of the television homing UCAV and dynamics factors of an autopilot,a control law of terminal phase,which can hit a target vertically,is designed.The method thinks the impact attitude angle restriction as a question of target following,eliminating the gravity influence,and holds the UCAV hitting the target vertically,which enhances the operational effectiveness.At last by the digital simulation,the feasibility and validity of the terminal guidance are proved.


Abstract : Polysilanes have use in applications where photosensitivity is required and as precursors to beta-SiC. Polysilanes are usually prepared from dichloroorganosilanes and sodium at approx. 100 C. Several reports of transition metal catalyzed formation of polysilanes from R2SiH2 and RSiH3 have appeared in which product distributions have been the main focus. Herein we report the synthesis and structural characterization of a series of platinum-silyl dimers with unusually short cross-ring Si-Si distances. These dimers are catalysts or catalyst precursors in silane oligomerization reactions. Reprints, Platinum compounds, Silicon compounds, Silicon.


While the use of flow electrolyzers has enabled high selectivity (>80%) and activity (>200 mA cm–2) in the reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals, the durability of these systems is still insuff...


People speaking language differently, it can be influenced by some social factors. This research is intended to find out the kinds of speech style and the variables that influencing the characters of "Birds of Prey" in speaking a language. There are two aims of this study, those are: 1) To find out the kinds of speech style are used in "Birds of Prey" movie, 2) To find out the dominant style used by the character in "Birds of Prey" movie. This research is using descriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data with the theory proposed by Joos (1967) to divine the style of speech style. The result of the data was presented in both formal and informal method in finding presentation. The formal method was applied through table and the informal method was applied through word explanation to explain which type of an utterance belongs to. The result of this study showed there are 266 utterances that categorized into type of speech style, there are 4 types of speech style that grouped into: 17 formal styles, 56 consultative styles, 180 casual style and 13 intimate styles with casual style as the dominant style to be used by the character according to the movie's rating and genre.


This paper demonstrates a method to implement a super low power consumption temperature measuring system,including the hardware connection and the software working flow.Then it details the process that the micro-controller reads out and displays the measured temperature from the digital sensor via I2C bus.It also describes how to minimize the power consumption of the system.In the end,it demonstrates the application occasion of the system in detail.This paper must be giving some useful reference to the implementation and application of a super low power consumption temperature measuring system.


Thirty three maternity roosts of Rhinolophus hipposideros were monitored from 2000 to 2018 in an area of north-western Italy, between the Piedmont (13 roosts) and Liguria regions (20 roosts), and data were analysed through a TRIM statistic to calculate a robust estimation of reproductive population trends. Throughout the 19-years-long monitoring period, a total of 5135 Rhinolophus hipposideros were counted in maternity roost, with a mean of 273 (SD = 198.1) per year (mean Piedmont = 73, SD = 85.9; mean Liguria = 200, SD = 164.6). The population analysis model shows a significant overall gradient of 1.047, which corresponds to an average annual increase of 4.7 % over the period considered. The analysis suggests that in the study area, the reproductive population of Rhinolophus hipposideros monitored in the maternity roost has increased throughout the period from 2000-2018, with large increases after 2010 and different trends occurring in the two regions considered, including a significant moderate increase in Liguria and a stable trend in Piedmont. The results agreed with the recently observed trends in other European countries for this species.


Background. Sustainability and safety of production processes are a priority for organizations operating in potentially hazardous areas of production and service. To promote a safe work style and maintain the stability of processes, the concept of a safety culture (SC) is actively used. The problem of involving employees to safety issues brings up the aspects of engagement, motivation and values. Objective. The research aims to study the relationship between psychological characteristics of employees (involvement, motivation and values) and level of safety culture in the organization. Sample. The sample consists of 96 people who are operators of oil refining units at one of the largest oil-refineries in Russia. Methods. UWES-scale (V. Schaufelli, A. Becker) in the adaptation of D. Kutuzova; "Organizational engagement" (V. Dominyak, T. Tatarinova); Safety culture questionnaire (L. Goryunova, V. Kozlov), "Aspirations index" in the adaptation of M. Patrikeeva were used to collect the data. Results. The overall level of work engagement showed high positive correlations with such components of safety culture as trust, personal responsibility, discipline, and involvement in safety. Significant connections were found between engagement in the organization processes and the evaluation of a number of SC components. It is shown that employees with higher rate of internal aspirations are characterized by a higher SC score. A factor analysis of the SC components was carried out to outline the factors of individual SC, group SC and the attitude to uncertainty. Conclusion. Research reveals the role of employee engagement and their motivation in safety development. The results of the study can be used in the work of HR services, occupational safety specialists, heads of departments.


The myth of individual genius and achievement--as opposed to cooperative efforts--is deeply ingrained in American culture. Americans seem deeply committed to the idea of the individual hero---a rugged self-starter who meets challenges and overcomes adversity. Sports, for example, are more often defined by individual superstars than by the quality of teamwork. Academic excellence is more often personified by the valedictorian than by academic teamwork.


(Received January 9, 1986) Improvement on the physical properties ot the tollowing 4 samples, highly adhesive and agglutinative, was tried: Adsorbin, calcium lactate, Laxatol powder, and yokuinin extract powder. After adding magnesium stearate to the 4 samples, their packaging errors and recovery of weight after packing were determined with packaging machines having different valves (Konishi KC747K Type 12 with a plastic valve type 12 and with a stainless steel valve). In all the 4 samples, the packaging error was smaller with the machine having the plastic value than with a stainless steel. By addition of 0.4% magnesium stearate, the physical properties, packaging error and recovery of weight of Adsorbin were improved, thus suggesting that the method is usuful for drug dispensing. An improvement on physical properties was also found in the remaining 3 samples, but no improvement on the packaging error and recovery of weight.


Purpose – To discuss the conflict between British Airways and Gate Gourmet in 2005, and analyze the type of negotiation skills that could have been used.Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer. Reflects on the news coverage of the strike action and negotiation skills.Findings – Over the years, BA used its bargaining muscle to drive down the costs of Gate Gourmet's services. It was clear that, from Gate Gourmet's perspective, the deal was not sustainable and the only way out was to cut its own costs.Practical implications – Gives a good overview of the strike, and an insight into different negotiation skills and tactics.Originality/value – A condensed and easy‐to‐digest format, concentrating on a recent well‐publicized topic. Gives a good insight into negotiation tactics.


the main problems of philosophy of biology in his book Philosophy of Biology: A Very Short Introduction (2019), as the title suggests. Philosophy of biology is a very diverse fi eld. Okasha presents the main problems and the current debates taking place in this discipline, highlights the key problems of philosophy of biology, and presents solutions and possible objections.


A number of applications employing lossy compression require that a mechanism be employed to control the size of a compressed image so that it does not exceed the capacity of a fixed-size buffer. This situation arises in digital cameras, where a user expects to store a predefined number of pictures into a fixed-size buffer, or in computer peripheral systems like a laser printer where a fixed-size buffer is used to store the rendered page image. We describe a fully JPEG compliant tow-pass scheme that can compress an arbitrary image to a predetermined fixed size file. The advantages of the proposed method are that it is fully compliant with the JPEG standard image compression algorithm and it requires a smaller working buffer than other rate- control schemes.


I t used to be that the big houses—Hachette, HarperCollins, Penguin, Random House, et al.—routinely published literary nonfiction, autobiography (which morphed to memoir), and essay collections. A look at the bookshelves in my office shows Hemingway's Dateline: Toronto published by Scribner's, E. B. White's Essays put forth by Harper Perennial, and Didion's Slouching towards Bethlehem issued by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, just to name a few. But that was, as the kids say, back in the day. It's a different world out there now, as many of the panels at the NonfictioNOW Conference in October 2015 illustrated. I listened in on one panel called "Hydra-Headed Memoirs and Well-Connected Essays: Negotiating Your Book-Length, NonFiction Thing," and one point all the panelists made was that finding a publisher for nontraditional nonfiction work was, shall we say, challenging. And let's be clear that by "nontraditional" work we really mean "literary" and very often mean "essay collection." As panelist Sonya Huber put it, "You can be immersed in conventional knowledge that the essay collection won't sell, so you destroy essays to write a memoir, and then you emerge from that fever dream with 27 versions of your book on your hard drive only to learn that the essay is back in fashion." Yet independent and university publishers are publishing essay collections and book-length literary nonfiction. In fact, some of the other books I can see from my desk without even having to don my glasses include Charles D'Ambrosio's Loitering, Poe Ballantine's 501 Minutes to Christ, R E V I E W


Sharifu K Tusuubira 1,2 Tracy Naggawa Victoria Nakamoga 1 1Uganda Sickle Cell Rescue Foundation, Kampala, Uganda; 2Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda Background: People living with sickle cell face a lot of stigma and discrimination in Uganda. This stigma is as a result of the lack of the general conceptualization of this condition. For students, the stigma is often due to their differences like jaundice, delayed sexual maturation, and physical growth. This makes individuals with SCD targets for teasing and bullying. This study assessed the knowledge and perception among secondary school students in a rural district of Butambala at nine selected schools. The study also evaluated the use of sickle cell clubs as a tool for behavior change towards the associated stigma and discrimination. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess knowledge and perception towards sickle cell disease in secondary schools in Butambala district using selfadministered questionnaires prior to and after set up of the sickle cell clubs. Results: Out of the 375 student participants (59.5% female, 40.5% male) the majority (87.5%) were below 18 years; 68% of the respondents did not know that sickle cell is a genetic condition; 87.5% of the respondents highlighted that it is important for people with SCD to attend school; 54.4% of the respondents reported that people with SCD should not be given equal rights, while 56.0% of the respondents noted that people with SCD should not socialize. Conclusion: It is evident the there is a big gap in sickle cell awareness among secondary school students coupled with a high level of stigma and discrimination. Sickle cell clubs have a positive effect towards behavior change while providing SCD knowledge and information.


While non-Boussinesq hexagonal convection patterns are known to be stable close to threshold (i.e. for Rayleigh numbers $R \,{\approx}\, R_c$), it has often been assumed that they are always unstable to rolls for slightly higher Rayleigh numbers. Using the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for parameters corresponding to water as the working fluid, we perform full numerical stability analyses of hexagons in the strongly nonlinear regime ($\epsilon\,{\equiv}\, (R-R_c)/R_c\,{=}\,{O}(1)$). We find 're-entrant' behaviour of the hexagons, i.e. as $\epsilon$ is increased they can lose and regain stability. This can occur for values of $\epsilon$ as low as $\epsilon\,{=}\,0.2$. We identify two factors contributing to the re-entrance: (i) far above threshold there exists a hexagon attractor even in Boussinesq convection as has been shown recently and (ii) the non-Boussinesq effects increase with $\epsilon$. Using direct simulations for circular containers we show that the re-entrant hexagons can prevail even for sidewall conditions that favour convection in the form of competing stable rolls. For sufficiently strong non-Boussinesq effects hexagons even become stable over the whole $\epsilon$-range considered, $0 \,{\le}\, \epsilon \,{\le}\, 1.5$.


This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzyme (3 g kg-' DM), formaldehyde (30 and 60 g kg-' DM) and or sodium hydroxide (40 g kg-' DM) on in vitro gas production parameters of sunflower meals (25 and 165 g fat kg-' DM) were with gas production techmque and using fistulated sheep rumen fluid. Kinetics of gas production was fitted to an exponential model. Sodum hydroxide and enzyme treatments significantly increased gas production (B), Metabolizable Energy (ME), Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), Net Energy Lactation @EL), ammonia-N (NH,-N) and Shod Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) but formaldehyde decreased them. The lowest of gas production was estimated for low fat sunflower meal treated with 60 g formaldehydekg DM (75.9 mLl500 mg DM). There was significant dfference among samples for gas production rate Comtant (C). Sodum hydroxide treated high fat sunflower meal had the hghest of ME, OMD, NEL and SCFA (35.8 MJ kg-' DM, 207.5 g kg-' OM, 2.42 Mcal kg-' DM and 1.53 pmol L-I, respectively). Ammonia-N concentration of h g h fat sunflower meal were the hghest (40.9 mgIl00 mL) The values of B, ME, OMD, NEL, NH,-N and SCFA for low fat sunflower meal was less than h g h fat sunflower meal. The results showed it may be that gas production parameters of low fat and h g h fat sunflower meal are influenced by exogenous enzyme, formaldehyde andNaOH.


K. Nowińska, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geology Z. Adamczyk, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geology E. Melaniuk-Wolny, Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Gliwice, Poland Complex analysis of concentration and form of occurrence such metals as Zn, Pb, Fe and Cu in slags formed during a current zinc production in the Imperial Smelting Process (ISP) is a possible basis for development of optimal recovery technology. For this purpose studies of slags from the current production of the Shaft Furnace Unit and of the Lead Refining of the "Miasteczko Śląskie" Zinc Smelting Plant were carried out. The studies results show that slags includes high concentrations of: Zn from 0,064 % to 1,680 %, Pb from 10,56 % to 50,71 %, Fe from 0,015 % to 2,576 %, Cu from 7,48 % to 64,95 %, and change in a broad range. This slags show significant heterogeneity, caused by intermetallic phases (Zn Pb, Cu Zn, Cu Pb) formed on the surface thereof. It is so possible that slag can be a potential source of this metals recovery.


A probe shape detection apparatus includes a magnetic field sensing section adapted to sense a magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic coil in a flexible probe, a coordinate computation section adapted to calculate three-dimensional coordinates of the electromagnetic coil based on the sensed magnetic field, a movement speed calculation section adapted to calculate a movement speed of the electromagnetic coil based on the calculated three-dimensional coordinates, a moving average coordinate calculation section adapted to calculate moving average coordinates of the electromagnetic coil, and a coil coordinate setting section adapted to make a setting so as to use one of the moving average coordinates and the three-dimensional coordinates calculated by the coordinate computation section as the three-dimensional coordinates of the electromagnetic coil, based on a comparison result of the calculated moving speed.


Design an experimental method which can test the strength change of materials under the ultrahigh pressure, and a set of experimental data about the LY12 duralumin alloys materials yield strength and tensile strength are gained under the different ultrahigh pressure environment. The analysis result shows the strength of LY12 duralumin alloys will enhance. Because of effect of ultrahigh pressure, both yield strength and tensile strength increment of materials will approximately increase linearly. Beyond this, the method that can effectively build ultrahigh pressure environment has guidance significance for a real project.


Microneedles can be used for biomedical applications such as skin prick, blood collection, and drug delivery, etc. Many of the microneedles were fabricated by traditional machining. In this study, a micro lancet needle for blood test application was fabricated using micro injection molding technique, biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) was used as molding material. The dimension of the microneedle is 623 mum in length, 203 mum in width, and 106 mum in thickness. The mold insert for molding this microneedle was fabricated using LIGA-like techniques. ANSYS CAE software was employed to determine the microneedle's dimensions, and the strength of microneedle was designed to withstand a pressure higher than 3.5 MPa which is necessary for breaking through human skin. Micromolding of the design microneedle was carried out using battenfeld microsystem 50 microinjection molding machine. In order to achieve optimal microneedle quality, Taguchi method was utilized in the experiment. The injection molding parameters including melt temperature, mold temperature, injection speed, and holding speed have been selected as control parameters in the experiment. Experimental results showed that melt temperature and mold temperature have the most significant effects on the strength of the PLA microneedles, and this study also demonstrates that LIGA-like and micromolding techniques can been applied for mass replication of microneedles.


Healthy, intelligent, attractive, and good moral children is the desire of every parent. There are many children undergo growth delays that can be caused by a lack of parents caring in stimulating growth, early detection or early intervention. The method used in this study was exploratory qualitative research design presented in descriptive analytic. Data analysis technique used were data collection and categorization of data reduction, draw conclusions verification and presentation of data. The results showed that stimulation of the parents to their children was 51.1% or 23 respondents. Early detection of children development irregularities with the greatest frequency was the respondents who did early detection with the result of 55.6 % as 25 respondents. Early intervention against deviations growth of children with the greatest frequency was the respondents who did not intervene early in children under five against irregularities with results of 71.1% or 32 respondents


Lakes are frequently subjected to wastewater discharges. If nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon are present in sufficiently large amounts, the water body will be polluted and eutrophication can take place. Eutrophication of a lake induced by municipal wastes can be retarded by removing the source of plant nutrients, notably phosphorus. This is accomplished by diversion of the effluent around the lake, or by treatment of the wastewater employing advanced treatment processes. In this study, first a mathematical model with different assumptions about nutrient exchange processes is introduced, then the mass balance considering input, output, net loss to the sediments was used to predict the lake nutrient concentration as a function of nutrient residence time. Lake Iznik located in the southern part of the Marmara region of Turkey is subjected to three different levels of nutrient loadings, with a certain amount of diversions each time to study the response of the lake.


A television set includes a processor, memory, a number of video inputs and corresponding cable detectors for detecting the presence of a device coupled to a video input. The processor executes a set-up program stored in the memory. In particular, when the processor detects the presence of a device coupled to a particular video input, via one of the cable detectors, the processor, in response thereto, prompts a user to select one of a number of device labels to associate with the detected device.


The economic adjustment of Cuban-origin persons in the U.S. has been traditionally analyzed at two levels: the individual and the community (enclave). The analysis presented here represents a complementary approach at the household level. Data from the 1980 U.S. Census show that the relatively successful economic adjustment of Cubans is largely a family, rather than individual, phenomenon. The data also permit an identification of the structural features of the Cuban-origin family that facilitate economic adjustment. The results have special implications for the study of the labor-force experience of Cuban women and their role within the enclave economy.


Suppose given a Frobenius category E, i.e. an exact category with a big enough subcategoryB of bijectives. LetE :=E=B denote its classical stable category. For example, we may take E to be the category of complexes C(A) with entries in an additive category A, in which case E is the homotopy category of complexes K(A). Suppose given a nite poset D that satises the combinatorial condition of being ind-at . Then, given a diagram of shape D with values inE (i.e. stably commutative), there exists a diagram consisting of pure monomorphisms with values inE (i.e. commutative) that is isomorphic, as a diagram with values inE, to the given diagram.


Considering the on-going interest in developing and operating new productive perimeters at increasingly higher depths and temperatures, the enhancement in the rules required for the environment caused by removal of cuttings and limited performance of water based drilling fluids in hard to reach areas led to the need to develop high return drilling fluid systems and continuously improve them further based on data taken onsite. The paper herewith envisages updating and bringing new data in view of elaborating a new drilling fluid of high performance and permanently adapted to well requirements.


Abstract Neurological patients can be entirely unaware of their disease; this phenomenon is called anosognosia and it has been shown in different sensory-motor and cognitive domains. Lack of awareness has been investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and within different domains of it. In the present article we review the literature on anosognosia for AD that had been indexed on the Medline database until the end of 2004. Historical introduction to the subject is followed by a brief description of the anatomy and clinical characteristics of AD. An analysis of a number of studies that focus on the relationship between anosognosia and AD then follows. This review shows that anosognosia is typical in AD, compared with other types of dementia, and it is a distinctive feature in the most severe cases and particularly in the beginning phases of illness. From an anatomical point of view, anosognosia seems to be strictly connected to frontal lobe areas; in fact, patients with anosognosia and AD show a reduction of cerebral haematic flow in the frontal regions, as well as deficits of executive functions and extrapyramidal signs. Interestingly, co-occurring depression could be interpreted as an adaptive behavior to counter the effects of perceived loss of cognitive abilities. Finally, self-awareness in AD could have some common mechanisms with auto-monitoring in schizophrenia.


Author(s): McDaniel, Alex; Jeltema, Tesla; Profumo, Stefano | Abstract: A recent detection of spatially extended gamma-ray emission in the central region of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) has led to several possible explanations being put forth, including dark matter annihilation and millisecond pulsars. Another possibility is that the emission in M31 can be accounted for with a purely astrophysical cosmic-ray (CR) scenario. This scenario would lead to a rich multi-wavelength emission that can, in turn, be used to test it. Relativistic cosmic-ray electrons (CRe) in magnetic fields produce radio emission through synchrotron radiation, while X-rays and gamma rays are produced through inverse Compton scattering. Additionally, collisions of primary cosmic-ray protons (CRp) in the interstellar medium produce charged and neutral pions that then decay into secondary CRe (detectable through radiative processes) and gamma-rays. Here, we explore the viability of a CR origin for multi-wavelength emission in M31, taking into consideration three scenarios: a CR scenario dominated by primary CRe, one dominated by CRp and the resulting secondary CRe and gamma rays from neutral pion decay, and a final case in which both of these components exist simultaneously. We find that the multi-component model is the most promising, and is able to fit the multi-wavelength spectrum for a variety of astrophysical parameters consistent with previous studies of M31 and of cosmic-ray physics. However, the CR power injection implied by our models exceeds the estimated CR power injection from typical astrophysical cosmic-ray sources such as supernovae.


ONE early summer day Cecilia Lindqvist was cycling beside a lake in the oldest part of Beijing. She noticed a garden outside an old house, perhaps no bigger than a king-size bed but planted with lovely roses, cacti and orchids… She hopped down to chat with the family about their little Garden of Eden.


Research objective is to present a variant o f the process of orthopedic treatment using the original design of the combined forming lamellar prosthesis with help o f a clinical treating a patient with an acquired


[Objective] The paper aimed to study on the effects of photocatalytic degradation of microcystins MC-RR and MC-LR by UV/Fenton/TiO2 in depth lake water.[Method] With Fenton-TiO2 as photocatalyst,the influences of different reaction time,initial pH value,H2O2 concentration,Fe2+ concentration,TiO2 dosage,light intensity,initial concentration of microcystin on UV/Fenton/TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of microcystin were investigated,and removal effects of microcystin between heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation and UV photolysis were compared at the same time.[Result] Under the conditions that the initial concentration of H2O2 was 0.1 mmol/L,[H2O2]/[FeSO4] was 15:1,pH value was 4.0,the distance between the reaction solution and UV lamp tube was 1 cm,TiO2 dosage was 0.05 g/L,reaction temperature was (16±2) ℃,the removal rate of MC-RR with concentration of 0.35 mg/L and MC-LR with concentration of 0.29 mg/L could reach 91.5% and 90.2% after 3 minutes reacting.[Conclusion] UV/Fenton/TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was proved to be effective in degradating microcystins.


This paper summarizes the special requirements and important aspects for mixed-signal design. After introducing some background informations, three different design methodologies are described. A brief overview of actual development environments, commercial and open source are given. The important aspect of modeling analog modules in mixed-signal design is covered with a practical demonstration.


The frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities in the peripheral leukocytes of eight men exposed to mixed gamma and fission neutron irradiation in 1958 were reinvestigated. The samples were obtained for the present study approximateiy 42 months after the accident occurred, whereas the earlier study was made of material collected at approximately 29 months. The men continue to show chromosomal aberrations, both gross, such as dicentric chromosomes, and minor, such as are detected only by karyotype analysis. The frequency of abnormalities appears to have dropped somewhat in most of the cases, and markedly in one, during the intervening 13 months. (auth)


Objective To evaluate re-using experiment of automatic blood culture bottle. Methods Developed high nutrition bacteria medium and re-used it in automatic blood culture system. The positive rate,time to positivity and the type of bacteria were analyzed. Results After 32 re-using experiment, the positive time of re-using blood culture bottle was no different from those of the control, 78 strains were isolated,positive rate were 12.9%,the cumulative positive rates were 64. 1% within 24 h, 87. 2% within 48 h, 96.2% within 72h. Conclusion The positive rate has been raised,the detection time recuced and the chance of contamination decreased by re-using experiment of automatic blood culture bottle.


The era of mobile information has arrived, and people's lifestyles have undergone tremendous changes. Ordering takeaways through takeout apps on smartphones is one of them. However, most existing takeaway platforms charge high commissions in the middle. There are many fake reviews in restaurants, the authenticity of restaurant ratings is low, and the recommended dishes have low customer satisfaction. This paper aims to solve this problem by introducing a peer-to-peer architecture based on blockchain smart contracts. The proposed architecture leverages the automation of smart contracts to provide autonomous, commission-free food ordering and delivery services. In addition, the smart contract reward mechanism is used to collect order information and rating information, and a deep learning recommendation model is introduced to analyze the data to recommend restaurants and menus to the client accurately. To demonstrate the usability and efficiency of the proposed method, we conducted a case study using public chain-based technologies. At the same time, comprehensive evaluation experiments are carried out, and the results show the importance of the proposed food delivery system.


: 1514 Racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults: a five-wave longitudinal analyses Fernando Feijó, Caroline Feitosa, Leonardo Salvi, Aline Gusm~ao, Felipe Campos, Vilma Santana Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Background: Racism is a major public health issue and may be associated with several mental health outcomes. However, more epidemiological analyses are necessary on the theme, particularly longitudinal studies. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between perceived racial discrimination and anxiety symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood in a Brazilian metropolitan area. Methods: A five-wave prospective longitudinal study started in 2000. Individuals were aged from 10 to 21 years at baseline, with clustered random sampling. Questions about the experience of racial discrimination were asked. PHQ-9 evaluated anxiety symptoms. Repeated measures analysis with GEE (Generalized Estimating Equations) estimated adjusted relative risks. Results: There were 979 adolescents at baseline, with 19.9% (n1⁄4195) reporting perceived racial discrimination and 26.5% (n1⁄4259) with anxiety symptoms. A positive association was found between the perception of racism and anxiety symptoms, after adjustment for sex and age. When adding socioeconomic status, work and adverse environmental conditions, in the final adjusted model, the association was not substantially affected (RR1⁄41.52; 95% CI: 1.30-1.79). Conclusions: The fight against racism and different types of discrimination and racial violence are urgent for public health. To assure high levels of ethical values and respect for fundamental human rights is still a challenge in the Brazilian society, still marked by the historical and shameful experience of slavery. Public policies, including health policies, in particular, must target the elimination racial discrimination as a central topic, reducing its consequences for mental health of black population. Key messages: This study advances by adding a longitudinal analysis to a theme with a lack of epidemiological studies, especially longitudinal ones, contributing to the understanding of the association between racism in adolescence and mental health. The findings highlight the urgent need to fight racial discrimination as an ethical paradigm, reducing severe consequences of this type of violence on mental health. may occur across socioeconomic strata. Methods: Five-year body mass index (BMI) trajectories were examined using multilevel models of 8174 participants stratified by gender, neighbourhood socioeconomic circumstances, baseline BMI and perceived weight status, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: At baseline, weight-related dissatisfaction and perceived overweight were associated with higher mean BMI, regardless of whether people were classified as 'normal' or overweight by WHO criteria. Mean BMI did not decrease among people classified as overweight who perceived themselves as overweight, or expressed weight-related dissatisfaction. Among those with 'normal' BMI at baseline but dissatisfied with their weight, mean BMI increased disproportionately among people in disadvantaged areas. Mean BMI also rose disproportionately for people in disadvantaged areas among those feeling overweight, despite having a 'normal' BMI, compared to people with the same over-perception but living in affluent areas. Conclusions: No evidence was found to suggest accurate recognition of overweight or expressing weight-related dissatisfaction leads to a lower BMI. However, there was evidence of an increase in mean BMI among people who felt dissatisfied with, or over-perceived their 'normal' weight, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.


Soil samples were taken from Datong, Taiyuan and Linfen. The experiment comprised three parts: adsorption-desorption, competitive adsorption and transport experiment. Soils for the adsorption experiment were sieved into the sand-sized fraction and silt- and clay-sized fraction. The main results indicate that: it is suitable to use the Langmuir model to fit the adsorption of Cd by the three types of soil at normal temperature and pressure. The adsorption capacity of the clay-sized fraction is higher than that of the sand-sized fraction. In the case of coexistence of Zn2+ and Cd2+, Cd adsorption is inhibited. At the concentration in this experiment, humic acid shows no pronounced effect on the inhibition of Cd adsorption. The desorption experiment shows that there was a negative correlation between Cd desorption capacity of soils and TOC and CEC. The penetration curve of Cd in soils was the integrated manifestation of adsorption, desorption, complexing and transport of Cd in soils. Cd was transported more rapidly in the Datong soil than in the other two kinds of soil. Consequently the authors conclude that Cd is transported most rapidly in loamy sand and most slowly in sandy loam.


The power consumption and speed are the two main challenging factors in Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSI) design techniques. The computation saving is one of the way to obtain the optimized power consumption and speed. The design of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter using transpose form structure is naturally pipelined and upholds multiple constant multiplication (MCM) technique. This MCM technique results in large computation saving. But, the transpose form configurations does not support the block processing. In the existing method, the possibility of realization of FIR filter in transpose form configuration to achieve efficient area and delay for large order FIR filters were explored. In the FIR filter structure , the ripple carry adder is used to add the partial inner products. The ripple carry adder provides efficient area utilization but its operating speed is slow. In this proposed method, BaughWooley multiplier is used to increase the speed and also to reduce the power consumption. The proposed structure significantly reduces the area delay product (ADP) and energy per sample (EPS) than the existing FIR structure.


Four ore geologic structure is extremely complex,the fault,the downcast column many became the group to appear,use the deep hole to become less crowded the demolition technology geology construction are in groups four ores make have obtained the good economic efficiency,realized brilliantly,has picked thin,practiced my ore through several years scene to form a series of became less crowded the demolition parameter in view of each kind of condition deep hole,the scene construction will have certain model significance for the next similar condition under.


In recent years the chemistry of Group 14 small ring and cage compounds have been progressed rapidly owing to the utility of divalent (R2E:) and double bond (R2E=CR2, R2E=ER2, E=Si, Ge, Sn) species as building block. Especially addition of divalent species (R2E:) toward a variety of unsaturated compounds have been used as a facile method for the synthesis of three-membered ring containing one Main Group metal. From this point of view,


Abstract. State-of-the-art remote sensing image management systems adopt scalable databases and employ sophisticated indexing techniques to perform window and containment queries. Many rely on space-filling curve (SFC) based index techniques designed for key-value databases and are predominantly employable for images that are iso-oriented. Critically, these indexes do not consider the high degree of overlap among images that exists in many data sets and the affiliated storage requirements. Specifically, employing an SFC-based grid cell index approach in consort with ground footprint coverage of the images requires storage of a unique image object identification (IOI) for each image in every grid cell where overlap occurs. Such an approach adversely affects both storage and query response times. In response, this paper presents an optimization technique for an SFC-based grid cell space indexing. The optimization is specifically designed for window and containment queries where the region of interest overlaps with at least a 2 × 2 grid of cells. The technique is based on four cell removal steps, thus called "four step algorithm" (4SA). Each step employs a unique spatial configuration to check for continuous spatial extent. If present, the IOI of the target cell is omitted from further consideration. Analysis and experiments on real world and synthetic image data demonstrated that 4SA improved storage demands by 41.3% – 47.8%. Furthermore, in the performed querying experiments, only 42% of IOI elements needed to be processed, thus yielding a 58% productivity gain. The reduction of IOI elements in querying also impacted the CPU execution time (3.0% – 5.2%). The 4SA also demonstrated data scalability and concurrent user scalability in querying large regions by completing the index searching and concurrent user scalability 1.86% – 3.35% faster than when 4SA was not applied.


This paper reviews family research practice in operationalizing social position and outlines the theoretical and methodological implications of using a variety of class and status indicators. It is argued that alternative indices embody competing theoretical conceptualizations and that researchers are ill-advised to employ specific measures without endorsing the underlying theoretical rationale. The class-status distinction is examined in some detail. It is proposed that adopting the refined conceptualizations and operationalizations that have developed in the occupational prestige approach to social stratification will facilitate building a cumulative literature of family theory and research involving social stratification variables.


We have carried out experiment design and comment,and students write the reports of experiment design in patho- physilolgy teaching from the aspects of basic process of experiment research and basic factors,principle and meaning of experi- ment design.By way of the teaching reform,the major position of students in studying is established,students' ability to study in- dependently and acquire knowledge actively are well cultivated,their comprehensive quality are enhanced and the teachers con- struction is also promoted.


Objective To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tetramethylpyrazine longcirculating liposomes and tetramethylpyrazine conventional liposomes in rats. Methods 12 rats were randomly divided into two groups. Single dose of tetramethyl-pyrazine long-circulating liposomes and tetramethylpyrazine conventional liposomes were intravenously administrated to the rats respectively. The tetramethylpyrazine concentration in plasma was determined by HPLC,and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed by DAS 2. 1 and SPSS13. 0 software. Results The pharmacokinetics of tetramethylpyrazine longcirculating liposomes and tetramethylpyrazine conventional liposomes in rats were both accord with the two compartment models,The main pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: t1/2β(7. 56 ±1. 53) h and(0. 07 ± 0. 05) h,MRT0-∞(5. 57 ±1. 76) h and(2. 96 ±1. 04) h,AUC0-∞(24. 64 ±1. 30) mg·L-1·h and(7. 58 ±0. 95) mg·L-1·h,there were significantly differences between two preparations. And the relative bioavailability of tetramethylpyrazine long-circulating liposomes to tetramethylpyrazine conventional liposomes was(325. 07 ± 10. 2) %. Conclusion Compared with tetramethylpyrazine common liposomes,tetrame-thylpyrazine longcirculating liposomes have longer release time and higher bioavailability.


A 62-year-old female presented with an erosion of the left nipple. At the preoperative examination, it was diagnosed as a Pagetoid carcinoma with an invasive carcinoma. After primary systemic therapy(weekly paclitaxel/trastuzumab), we performed an operation. The only remaining Paget cell was confirmed in the resected specimen, and no other malignant cells were confirmed. There is no report that the preoperative chemotherapy for the Pagetoid carcinoma with an invasive carcinoma. The patient has had no evidence of recurrence 1. 5 years after the operation.


The results of two stocking density trials on the nursery and grow-out stages of Epinephelus tauvina (Family: Serranidae), in PVC-lined raceways are presented.

At the nursery stage, fry of 17.1 g initial mean weight showed no significant differences in growth rate, survival rate and condition factor when stocked at densities of 200 and 400 fish/m3 over a period of 52 days. Fish grew to mean weights of 61.7 and 63.7 g, giving growth rates of 0.86 and 0.90 g/fish/day and final biomasses of 12.1 and 2S.2 kg/m3 for densities of 200 and 400 fish/m3, respectively. Survival rates were excellent for both treatments at 98percnt; or greater. Food conversion efficiency was slightly improved at the higher density.

At the grow-out stage, E. tauvina of mean weights ranging from 150-170 g cultured for a period of 215 days grew better at a density of 5 fish/m3 than at densities of 20 and 60 fish/m3 (final size: 770, 560 and 450 g with growth rates of 2.8, 1.8 and 1.4 g/fish/day, respectively). Survival rates were higher at the two lower densities. Overall, total biomass increased with stocking density (3.9, 11.1 and 23.4 kg/m3, for 5, 20 and 60 fish/m3, respectively). These results indicate that hamoor has potential to be successfully cultured in raceways.


The triplet state e.s.r. spectra of bis(dimethylglyoximato)copper(II) in ethanol solutions have been recorded and the results interpreted in terms of a magnetic dipole-dipole interaction between pairs of copper(II) ions in a dimeric complex. Consideration of a spin Hamiltonian which takes into account the symmetry relationship of the transition metal ions in the dimeric complex has provided a set of structural and magnetic parameters by computer lineshape simulation procedures. The results indicate that the symmetry of the pair system is similar to that observed for the dimeric units in the solid complex but that the calculated distance between the metal ions is somewhat larger than that determined by crystallographic methods for the solid complex.


Electromagnetic armor is a new concept of armor protection technology. In this paper,types and fundamental analysis of electromagnetic armor protection technology are firstly sketched,then present research status like action principle,simulation and experimental technology,system integration and engineering process is analyzed. The key technology,military application and its development tendency of electromagnetic armor protection technology are introduced finally,which provide reference for the development of domestic electromagnetic armor related technology.


The relationship between the rotation angle of superior vertebrae,vertex vertebrae and inferi-or terminal vertebrae and Cobb's angle, between the axon of spinal process and the angle of two sides ofthe axon of the spinal pedicles,the cornparison between the vertebral rotation and the grading of spinalprocess shifting were studied on 25 idiopathic scoliosis by posterior-anterior CT scilnning in the lateralposition. The results showed that the Cobb' s angle had no interrelations with the rotation angle of supe-rior terminal vertebrae (P 0. 2 ), but with that of the vertex vertebrae and in ferior vertebrae (P 0.001). There was marked difference between the concave and the convex sides of the superior terminal,vertex and the inferior termina1 vertebrae in the angle between the axon of pedicle and the spinal pro-cess. The concave increased and the convex decreased. There were no interrelations between the verte-bral rotation and the grading of spinal process shifting.


Aims: Metal tailings drainage contains heavy metals and a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants, but a large number of microorganisms still exist in this extreme habitat. In order to reveal the composition pattern and diversity maintaining mechanism of fungal communities in alkaline copper mine drainage, the composition, abundance and distribution pattern of fungal communities in five water sites in Shibahe tailings reservoir were studied by using the rDNA gene amplification sequencing and qPCR in ITS1 area. Methods: The fungal community compositions among different sample points were compared by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The relationship between physicochemical factors and the distribution of fungal communities were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The main factors influencing community structure were analyzed by null model. The interactions between fungal genera were analyzed by network. Results: the results showed that Bullera , Schizangiella , Acremonium and Yarrowia were the dominant genera. The relative abundance of fungal communities varied significantly from phylum to genus level in different sampling sites. The abundance of fungal communities increased gradually along the direction of water flow and was positively correlated with the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC). PH, heavy metals (As and Cu), inorganic carbon (IC) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4+ ) were significantly correlated with the α-diversity of the communities. The distribution of fungal communities in different sample sites was obviously different. The physicochemical factors had no significant effect on the distribution of fungal community. The null deviation values of fungal communities in different sampling sites were greater than zero, and there were complex interactions among different genera. Conclusions: These results indicated that the environmental factors only have a significant correlation with the α-diversity of the fungal communities, while the β-diversity was mainly affected by the interaction between species in tailings drainage. Our findings highlight that there is a relatively complex fungal community dynamic pattern in alkaline copper tailings drainage.


Indoor evacuation and rescue systems are necessary for responding to unexpected events. In the event of fire incidents, finding a proper evacuation route planning for impacted people as an immediate response and a real-time rescue planning for the trapped people is challenging. Several approaches are developed to provide an evacuation or rescue system by integrating building data and BIM models. However, none of them took the issues of both evacuation and rescue into account, and the provided solutions are not properly aware of dynamic environmental change variables derived from remotely sensed data. In this research, an evacuation and rescue management system is designed based on the integration of dynamic data of fire progress, people status, and routing data. This system consists of two stages: dynamic evacuation and dynamic rescue with priority assessment. First, the environmental data is gathered and integrated with the static building data. Then, leveraging a risk assessment method, the level of rout safety is evaluated and a dynamic risk-aware rout planning is generated for each person to evacuate safely and fast. Finally, in the rescue stage, rescuers are assigned to the trapped people using a priority assessment method so that the success rate of rescue operation increases. The same rout risk assessment is used to develop route planning for rescue team to ensure their safety. A system framework and architecture is proposed as a reference for emergency response systems and the system is evaluated over two state of art baselines under several scenarios in AnyLogic. The results demonstrates that dynamic evacuation and rescue with priority assessment approach helps to save more people, reduce total time, lower the risk of human injury and efficiently assigns relief resources to the trapped users.


The authors find some relationships between the usual AKNS scheme with the super one, when its elements take values from the Grassman algebra on a two-dimensional vector case. The solutions of these super AKNS equations are discussed.


Y oshitsugu OONO*l and Y oichiro TAKAHASHI* Research Institute of Industrial Science Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 *Department of Afathematics, College of General Education University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo 153 (Received December 7, 1979) The Fredholm theory of integral equations is applied to the Pcrron-Frobenius equation which determines the invariant measure of nonlinear difference equations. The resultant Fredholm determinant D is identical to 1/(, where ( is the Artine-Mazur-Ruelle (-function. From the investigation of D we get the observable condition of the invariant measure of chaos, its stability against external noise, etc.


Drought stress can severaly damage plant growth and the most important factor in the reduction of wheat yield in cultivated areas. Development of new methodologies to improve wheat productivity and quality under drought conditions has a primary importance Extensin-like and Germin-like Protein transcripts were selected from our RNAseq data for their relation with defense mechanism. We aim to show the expression patterns of these genes in drought tolerant and non-tolerant T. aestivum cultivars under drought stress conditions using qRT-PCR technique. Extensin is the most abundant proteins present in the cell wall of higher plants and has an important role in plant defense through strengthening the cell wall and preventing tissue damage. GLPs are involve in different biological processes; e.g., disease resistance and superoxide scavenging metabolism. We established different mRNA expression regulation of Extensin like and Germin-like mRNAs in root and leaf tissues of tolerant and non-tolerant T. aestivum cultivars under drought stress. We observed GLP transcript was significantly up-regulated (5 fold) in 4h drought- stressed root tissues of tolerant cultivar Gerek and then decreased in 8h. On the other hand there was no dramatic difference in leaf tissue of each cultivar. Extensin-like gene up-regulation was approximately 6 and 3.5 fold in 4h stressed root tissues of tolerant cultivars. In leaf tissues, different expression pattern was observed in tolerant and non-tolerant cultivars. Drought stress caused to up-regulation (4 fold) in 4h stressed leaf tissues of tolerant cultivar. On the contrary, down-regulation (4 fold) was identified in non-tolerant stressed leaf tissues. These results suggest that overexpression of Extensin-like gene under drought stress conditions may offer drought tolerance. The qRTPCR results from root and leaf tissues from 3 different cultivars were in agreement with our RNAseq data. This is the first report shows the expression profiles of these defense proteins under drought stress conditions in T. aestivum .


Piezoelectric ceramics are desirable actuator materials for many biomedical applications due to their ability to generate precise, controlled motion with applied voltage. Herein, we report the fabrication of miniature piezoceramic actuators and their subsequent performance testing under high electric fields. Actuators were produced by tape casting sub-micrometer lead zirconate titanate (PZT) powder, followed by electroding, laminating, and dicing to form multilayer devices. The resulting devices consisted of ten active PZT layers, each of which was -50 mm thick. To evaluate the effect of microstructure on performance, the components were heated to seven different temperatures ranging from 1175 to 1325°C and held at each temperature for 24 min. Fatigue resistance was determined by monitoring changes in polarization during continuous cyclic operation. Actuators sintered at lower temperatures possessed smaller grains and exhibited improved fatigue resistance. In these specimens, polarization decreased by <15% compared to more than 50% for devices processed at higher temperatures. These results indicate that sintering control can be effectively used to minimize performance degradation, improve reliability, and promote long-term stability.


A spherical harmonic model of the magnetic field of Jupiter is obtained from vector magnetic field observations acquired by the Juno spacecraft during its first nine polar orbits about the planet. Observations acquired during eight of these orbits provide the first truly global coverage of Jupiter's magnetic field with a coarse longitudinal separation of ~45° between perijoves. The magnetic field is represented with a degree 20 spherical harmonic model for the planetary ("internal") field, combined with a simple model of the magnetodisc for the field ("external") due to distributed magnetospheric currents. Partial solution of the underdetermined inverse problem using generalized inverse techniques yields a model ("Juno Reference Model through Perijove 9") of the planetary magnetic field with spherical harmonic coefficients well determined through degree and order 10, providing the first detailed view of a planetary dynamo beyond Earth.


PURPOSE:To make it possible to measure at a high speed the characteristics of a multi-layer film over a wide wave band range by providing a spectroscope for receiving the light having passed through the multi-layer film, an optical detector for detecting the spectroscopic output, and an indicator for indicating the detected output in accordance with the wavelength. CONSTITUTION:The light from a light source 21 is converted by lenses 22 and 23 into a parallel beam, which is introduced from an aperture 25 into a sample 27 arranged in a vacuum bath 24 and evaporated with a dielectric thin film. The light having passed through the sample 27 is converged through an aperture 26 by a lens 28 and introduced into a spectroscope 29. The spectroscopic output of the spectroscope 29 is focused upon the photosensitive surface 32 of an optical detector 33, the output of which is fed to a synchroscope 33 the detected output corresponding to the transmissivity of the sample 17 for each wavelength is displayed. If it is assumed that the light emitting characteristics of the light source 21 are flat within a desired wavelength range, the spectroscopic output of the spectroscope 29 indicates the transmissivity of the sample for each wavelength. Thus, any film thickness can be accurately measured from the relationship between the film thickness and the transmissivity. At the same time, the characteristics over a desired wavelength range can be measured at a high speed.


Preventive generating units maintenance scheduling is among the most vital decisions which electricity generating companies have to make. Effective generating units maintenance helps reduce the forced outage rates. Therefore, rigorous technical restrictions have to be respected by all means. Since the economical factor, i.e. profit generation, was not the prime driver in investments, the maintenance in vertically integrated power systems was carried out thoroughly and most of the elements of the power system were over-dimensioned. These proper maintenance procedures resulted in extremely rare failures in the vertically integrated power system operation. After the implementation of the electricity market, economic drive grew stronger and private companies wanted to avoid any unnecessary investments in order to increase their profit margin. The maintenance enforcement expenses have two aspects. The first one is the cost of the maintenance itself, which includes the newly installed components, specialized teams hiring, etc. The other part of the expenses is the missed income due to undelivered electricity. Therefore, the maintenance has to be performed in the shortest period possible. Other factors, such as electricity and fuel prices also have to be taken into consideration. Since the hydro power plant's owners do not have to buy fuel, their objective is to predict the water inflows and schedule the maintenance in low river inflow period.


The capacity of retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin D to induce differentiation of HL‐60 cells in an agar gel system that permits a high cloning efficiency was studied in the presence or absence of leukocyte‐conditioned medium (LCM). Vitamin D was about 10 times more effective in inducing differentiation than RA. LCM significantly increased the differentiation‐inductive capacity of both vitamins, although LCM did not have an effect of its own. During the first days of culture, the number of cells per clone increased with either vitamin or LCM alone as compared to control cultures. This suggests that cellular proliferation may be important in the initial phase of the differentiation induction. No synergy in this respect was found between RA and vitamin D in the presence or absence of LCM. Thus it is doubtful whether RA and vitamin D have a true synergistic effect on individual HL‐60 cell differentiation as previously described in liquid cultures. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the process of differentiation induction regarding the growing cells in agar gel involves an all‐or‐none process. The data may also help elucide the observed relationship between the in vitro production of colony stimulating activity and favorable prognosis of AML.


The study is to identify the relationships between personality and organizational commitment and customer orientation in the context of hotel F&B...


Food intake, bodyweight and appetite are controlled by a "web of hormones." Recently, from this web of hormones, several hormones have been revealed and investigated with different degrees of success: a key one is ghrelin. Accordingly, ghrelin is an orexigenic (i.e., appetite stimulant) hormone; in fact, the only one of its kind, a peripheral hormone that can influence, centrally, one's propensity to start a meal. On this work, we shall present a problem in parameter estimation using evolutionary algorithms in conjunction with local search, what we have called herein hybrid algorithms (global search + local search); additionally, we apply artificial neural networks (feedforward neural network) for supporting the numerical simulations (what we have named "fake data"). Moreover, we present a mathematical model for ghrelin partially published elsewhere by the same authors; in addition, we have confronted the model mathematically with in vivo data via parameter estimation and got promising results for the novel mathematical formulation for ghrelin dynamics. Thus, our aim is showing that our algorithms can be imperative for fitting the current and future versions of the model. Notwithstanding the parameter estimation was unable to model precisely the experimental data, most likely due to physiological details still unclear in the medical literature, it generated an optimized curve relatively close to the experimental data, leaving promising results for future investigations.


In the Netherlands, much effort is made to recycle plastic waste by residents, who separate plastic waste at home. Based on evidence from the north of the Netherlands, post collection or mechanical separation can be a viable alternative as more useful plastics are separated and the number of Dutch municipalities choosing this technique increases rapidly.


Current understanding of the neuromodulatory effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on large‐scale brain networks remains elusive, largely due to the lack of techniques that can reveal DBS‐induced activity at the whole‐brain level. Using a novel 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible stimulator, we investigated whole‐brain effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease.


Recent investigations into the enforcement and abuse of the system, outlined in a previous article (traffic eng control, 18 (4) April 1974) by the author, are described. Pre-purchased paper tickets or discs are displayed after being punched by the motorist with the date and time of parking. The significant abuses in Cork were found to be: display of wrongly dated disc; punching a later starting time; not displaying a disc; and overstaying the permitted time. A relatively low level of enforcement (approximately one warden per 200 spaces) is thought to be responsible for 50 per cent of all on-street parking being illegal. The author reviews the success of the system in five small towns in Sweden where the general opinion is that there is little difference in cost between the park system and parking meters. However the author claims that the park system has several advantages for small cities, the cost of a disc can be easily varied, and it has returned a financial surplus every year since its introduction in Cork. (TRRL)


An increasing number of schools in higher education have adopted Kuh (2008)'s high impact educational practices (HIPs) within their curriculum. Kuh (2008) has identified ten HIPs, such as first year seminars and undergraduate research. The ten HIPs have been found to enhance student learning, improve academic performance, show greater student engagement, and a greater persistence to graduation. However, a number of students go through university without having to take part in labs, presentations, or major research projects and it's up to the institution to determine whether students are participating in these opportunities. Forty-five Ontario universities and colleges have signed a Strategic Mandate Agreement. The 2014-2017 agreement prioritizes the collection of baseline data on students' HIP engagement and ensuring that students participate in ≥ 2 HIPs by graduation. Surveys such as the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) is one method to measure HIP engagement. However, Kuh recommends that an institutional survey in combination with NSSE is necessary in order to capture a campus-specific profile of educational practices. Following Kuh's recommendation, an online survey was developed and administered to undergraduate students enrolled in a wide stream of biological sciences majors at the University of Guelph, in semester levels 1 through 9+ to determine their participation in all ten HIPs. In this presentation, we will share how we measured biological science students' HIP engagement using an online survey tool including some findings such as the most common HIPs experienced, where students participated in HIPs, as well as some insight on the quality of their educational experiences. This survey has the potential to be used for identifying gaps in the curriculum and quality assurance. 1 College and University Strategic Mandate Agreements. (2017, January 18). Retrieved March 04, 2017, from https://www.ontario.ca/page/college-and-university-strategic-mandateagreements 2 Kuh, G. D. (2008). High-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities. 3 Kuh, G.D. (2003). What we're learning about student engagement from NSSE: benchmarks for effective educational practices. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 35(2), 24-32. 4 Padgett, R.D., Keup, J.R., & Pascarella, E.T. (2013). The impact of first-year seminars on college students' life-long learning orientations. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(2), 133-151. 5 Pascarella, E., & Terenzini, P. (2005). How College Affects Students A Third Decade of Research (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 6 Strategic Mandate Agreement. 2014-2017. The Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities and The University of Guelph. Elements of Engagement Participants will be invited to discuss and reflect on high impact practice opportunities that exist at their institution, and whether we must enact change to offer more HIP opportunities to better support student learning.


In the 1860-1890s peasant women in the Chernozemye provinces did not participate in communal self-government and did not have rights to assignment of land. Peasant women could express their opinions only though their husbands and adult sons. However, communities helped widows and soldier"s wives, bore responsibility for them and took care of them.


Frequency variations of musical instrument sounds were measured using phase-derivative and frequency-tracking methods based on the short-time Fourier transform. Frequency variations are important features of instrument sounds and are very useful for musical expression. Three categories of variation are: vibrato, portamento, and microvariation. Microvariations exist even when a tone is played at a constant pitch, and they can be approximated as small frequency-deviation low-frequency noise signals. Portamento is a purposeful pitch glide embellishment that can occur during attacks, between notes, or, less often, at the ends of notes. Vibrato can be characterized as an approximately sinusoidal frequency variation, and usually its amplitude is sufficient to interact with instrument resonances and cause significant harmonic amplitude modulations. Deviation amplitudes and frequencies of acoustic instrument vibratos are not perfectly steady, but rather vary over the durations of instrument tones. Measurements of...


A access point, a network node or by facilitating the implementation of advantageous routing protocol in the end devices, is to improve the network capabilities of the wireless device. A radio connection to an information processing system device, such as access points and the end user device knows the Layer 3, Specifically, IP address, of them wirelessly connected Stations know. If execution is full Layer 3 functions, these when using Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) in the product, moving through the hierarchy worldwide IP routing from a flat LAN environment in large, very appropriately tested robust method is provided.


Chronic pain is often associated with altered emotional and motivational states. High co-morbid-ities between chronic pain and affective disorders are a well-known phenomenon. Many overlaps in the neural processing of pain, motivation, and emotion have been reported. For example, mul-tiple brain regions that are involved in the processing of pain are also implicated in the processing of affective, motivational and emotional events. Similarly, dysfunction of mesolimbic circuitry, which results in impaired motivated behavior, and which has been discussed as a causal mecha-nism in affective disorders, has been observed in chronic pain patients. Accordingly, it has been proposed that altered functioning of brain affective and emotional circuits may contribute to pain chronification. Apart from these neurophysiological overlaps, pain, motivation, and emotion show many similarities and interactions on a psychological level. For example, pain is a typical stressor that shifts motivational systems by urging initiation of protective behaviors (e.g., escape, avoidance, hyper-vigilance). In addition, positive and negative emotional experiences as well as cognitive processes can modulate the perception of pain. Well-known examples of such cogni-tive-emotional pain modulation are placebo and nocebo effects that can lead to inhibition and facilitation of perceived intensity and unpleasantness of pain and which can be mediate by anxiety. Based on these observations, it is conceivable that the multidimensional treatments incor-porating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches of both pain and motivational-emotional disturbances could result in fruitful synergies. To understand such interactions and possible shared mechanisms, a


This report aims to present a case of portosystemic shunt in a two-month-old male canine. After data on anamnesis, clinical signs, clinical and complementary examination, we arrived at the diagnosis of intrahepatic portosystemic shunting. Abdominal Doppler ultrasound was essential for the diagnosis, where it was possible to visualize the presence of anomalous vessel between the hepatic artery and the portal vein. During the patient stabilization protocol for subsequent surgical correction, the animal died.