The study discusses the application of a systems approach model to agricultural development in Taiwan and Transkei in determining development needs and priorities. The model consists of the interactions between and within four groups of factors: (i) physical and ecological, (ii) institutional and operational, (iii) the human potential, and (iv) the agri-milieu.


PURPOSE: To easily and surely obtain a desired contact surface angle in an optical connector axial center without using a special ferrule by permitting the tip of the ferrule to be inclined at the angle θ larger than the angle θ' so as to provide a sphere surface-ground dome in order to obtain the desired angle θ' to the optical fiber axial center of a normal on a contact surface. CONSTITUTION: An optical connector 20 consists of the ferrule 22 and an optical fiber fixed inside the through-hole of the ferrule 22. 6 is the angle obtained by the normal at the center P of the dome θ and the axial center of the optical connector 20 and also the one obtained by the base surface N of the dome Q and a plane being orthogonal with the axial center of the optical connector. When the radius of the dome Q is R and the center P on the dome Q is eccentric by distance S from the axial center of the ferrule 22, the targeting normal angle θ' is obtained at a point O in the axial center when the inclination angle θat the time of grinding is obtained largely by correcting the angle corresponding to S/R with respect to the desired normal angle θ'.


An earlier study of the authors on hydrogen bonding in the guanine—cytosine complex is extended so that the σ electrons of all three connecting hydrogen bonds are considered explicitly. This extension permits a discussion of possible simultaneous tautomeric rearrangements involving more than one proton. Calculations are presented for 74 protonic configurations characterizing the simultaneous rearrangement of the N–H···N and one of the N–H···O bonds. The results indicate four relative minima corresponding to different metastable tautomeric forms. The equilibrium distribution and tunneling between tautomers is examined, and leads to a predicted mechanism for the rearrangement. Equilibration among the tautomers is estimated to have a time constant of 3.8×10−5 sec.


Imaging Mass Spectrometry (IMS) yields molecular information from tissue sections that compliment traditional histology. Using the technique, distributions of label‐free proteins, lipids and small metabolites can be mapped to regions corresponding to specific histopathology. While it is widely acknowledged that fresh‐frozen tissue is preferable for IMS studies, the majority of pathology labs employ some form of fixation which often crosslinks endogenous proteins and makes them un‐detectable to IMS. Protocols for IMS analyses of Formalin‐Fixed Paraffin‐Embedded (FFPE) tissue have been described and include antigen retrieval followed by on‐tissue digestion prior to the analysis. Prior IMS studies using these protocols have yielded very low imaging resolutions, on the order of 200‐300 micron/pixel, which do not compare very well with high resolution histology. New protocols based on a commercial piezo‐driven sprayer have been developed that yield higher spatial resolution for imaging FFPE tissues. Overlaying these ion images with high resolution histology images show more comparable resolution but the need for the additional liquid‐based digestion step hinders one from achieving the 10 micron/pixel spatial resolution that can be achieved from a dry preparation. However, a secondary benefit of the protocol is that it lends itself favorably to methods for identifying structurally significant proteins from the digest peptides.


Based on the analysis of the brain drain of the convention exhibition enterprise, this thesis puts forward the Market-oriented countermeasures that reduce the shock due to the brain drain.


We present the quark mass and axial current renormalization factors for the RG-improved Iwasaki gauge action and three flavors of the stout smeared $O(a)$-improved Wilson quark action. We employ $\alpha=0.1$ and $n_{\mathrm{step}}=6$ for the stout link smearing parameters and all links in the quark action are replaced with the smeared links. Using the Schr\"{o}dinger functional scheme we evaluate the renormalization factors at $\beta=1.82$ where large scale simulations are being carried out.


Introduction: Problems with the well-being of workers in health is a crisis that directly impacts on health care workers themselves and on the quality of care provided. Academic inquiry has utilised a broad diversity of perspectives. There is an urgent need for theory that guides interventions and mediates between the perspectives taken. Methods: An initial model was generated by mapping concepts from a meta-synthesis of systematic reviews of resilience, burnout, well- being and compassion fatigue. An iterative process identifying and critically applying additional literature refined the model. Results: The final model addressed positive /negative; individual/organisational and focal or global perspectives. It was structured on the Job-demands resources model with stressors mediated by cognitive appraisal, and organisational climate. A cycle of learning in practice was identified as the key to adaptation. The relevant educational domains include learning to be, believe, feel, do, Interact and adapt to maximise well-being. Discussion: An integrated, evidence based learning model of well-being in the health workplace has been developed which may act as a guide for both individuals and organisation to maximise well-being. Implications of the model have been discussed.


Miners required capital to develop their mines, but being dependent for this on investors, usually small local businessmen, they often found the latter made more from mining than they did. Faced with the costs of extracting and treating ore, miners of small means sought sleeping partners, creating opportunities for exploitation by both sides. As all interests had to be worked in the early days of mining, all shareholders had either to do physical mining themselves or pay for others to work on their behalf; examples are provided of how this worked out in practice, including when those who did not fulfil their part of the bargain being sued. Storekeepers commonly provided provisions to prospecting and mining parties with the expectation of holding interests in profitable mines. Occasionally the use of dummies hid the names of investors. To obtain finance, sometimes miners made exaggerated claims about the value of their ore, and examples are given of when their claims were deliberately fraudulent, with mines being salted or unreliable assays enticing the unwary. By the late nineteenth century, as gold mining faded, prospecting associations were formed whereby a few experienced prospectors were employed, a system that could defraud both investors and those they employed. Examples are provided of miners working alone and with little capital, relying on assistance from sleeping partners and, in some cases, seeking government aid as well. As illustrated, many miners frittered money away on small and unprofitable mines. Because of the insufficiency of capital, it was common to obtain protection for mines, leading to complaints of shepherding and of locking up ground. Prospectors complained that their discoveries made others rich, but some prospectors and miners exploited investors (who in many cases should be described as speculators) in a system that, at its worst, encouraged such exploitation.


Many organizations suffer great losses due to risk materialization connected to implemented Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policy because of missing implemented and maintained bests practices and standards for information security. With goal of better dealing with security vulnerabilities caused with implementation of new services and policies such as BYOD policy, measurement of maturity level in secure usage of BYOD is necessary. In this paper we presented approach for creating metrics which can be used to align security policies with BYOD policy in creating metrics based on ISO 27000 standard family.


Aims: To determine the chemical composition of serendipity berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) and miracle fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii). Study Design: The mean and standard deviation of the data obtained were analyzed. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were prepared in Department of Food Science and Technology, Osun State Polytechnic, between November 2018 and December 2019. Methodology: Chemical properties of two natural sweeteners namely the miracle fruit (Thaumatococcus danielli) and serendipity berry (Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii) were studied in this work. The fresh fruits were obtained from a farm, sorted, washed and the tissues were scraped, dried in the oven at 45°C for 12 hrs, milled and packed in airtight plastic containers. Proximate, vitamins and amino acid contents of the sweeteners were determined. Results: The results revealed that the protein contents of miracle fruit and serendipity berry were 75.57% and 62.54% respectively. Moisture contents of the sweeteners ranged from 56.95-58.33% Original Research Article


The primary purpose of this study was to develop a profi le of selected health promotion bel iefs , attitudes and activities of Ten nessee primary care physicians . A secondary purpose was to identify ·physicians' percei ved need for training and support activities in health promotion on selected lifestyle behaviors . This study was undertaken us ing a mail survey of 628 randomly selected primary care physicians practicing medicine in Tennessee . The target population was stratified on the basis of the following sub groups : specialty, populat ion size of county, and state grand division in which they practice . Four hundred s ixty-one questionnaires were returned resulting in a 73.4% response rate . Analys is of the cross classified data took place us ing logistic tests for multivar iate discrete data . Analys is of the findings of this invest igat ion led to the following conclus ions : 1 . Interspecialty differences exist among Tennessee primary care phys icians with response to the frequency in which they gather information from their patients on smoking , alcohol , diet, and stress . 2. S ignificant interspecialty differences exist among Tennessee primary care physicians with response to their self-reported success in counseling pat ients on smoking and blood pressure . 3. Tennessee primary care phys icians tend to agree that there is a need for information and training concerning health


This study aims to find out the effects of sensation seeking of leisure dance participants on dance commitment and addiction to dance. Using a purposive sampling method and the questionnaire based on previous study, 20 years old or over and attend them at least once a week periodically in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The method of the statistical analysis used in this study were t-test, one-way ANOVA, conclusion analysis and regression analysis. As a result of these data analysis, the conclusion of this study were as follows. : First, there are differences depending on some demographic characteristics for the three dependent variables: sensation elements, commitment experience, and addiction phenomenon. Second, sensation elements are found to have some effects on commitment experiences. Third, sensation elements are found to have some effects on addiction phenomenon. Forth, commitment experiences are found to have effects on addiction phenomena.


The article is devoted to the national composition of Donbass region during 1943-1982 years. The author studied the ethnic composition of Voroshilovgrad (1958-1970 years -Lugansk) and Stalin (1961 Donetsk) Oblasts, quantitative and qualitative changes in it, identified indicators of Donbas in the context of the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR. Demographic and ethno-social processes hold important role in the characterization of society. Donbas has always been a multinational region. Therefore, the study of population dynamics and its ethnic composition are important for understanding the specifics of the implementation of national policies in the region. The chronological framework of the study covers the period of 1943-1982 years. The lower chronological limit is due to liberation of Donbas by Soviet troops from Nazi invaders. The upper limit is determined by 1982, the death of L. Brezhnev. The researcher identified the most numerous ethnic groups while characterizing the ethnic composition of Donbass. The list includes Ukrainians, Russians, Greeks, Belarusians, Jews, Tatars, Moldovans, Poles, Bulgarians, Armenians, Germans, Gypsies, Mordvins, Georgians, Lithuanians. Other ethnic groups accounted less than 0.05% of the total population of both Oblasts. The article presents the USSR population censuses data on the ethnic composition of Stalin and Voroshilovgrad Oblasts in the context of Donbas, the Ukrainian SSR and the USSR. We can conclude that such numerous nationalities as Ukrainians, Greeks, Jews, Tatars, Georgians, Lithuanians, Bulgarians, Poles with each census were losing their share, and Russians, Azeris, Germans, Chuvashs multiply their numbers and proportions of the population in Donbass. These indicators had relatively significant changes only for Ukrainians and Russians: -4.8% and 5.4%. Regarding other nationalities the fluctuations were in the range of tenths of a percent. Belarusians, Moldovans, Armenians, Mordvins, Gypsies did not significantly changed their share in the population of the region. During this period a number of changes in the ethnic composition of Donbass had happened. One of the most noticeable changes was that among ethnic groups took place not only increase of number of Russians, but also increase of their share. Not only the number of Jews in the whole in Oblasts of Ukraine, but also their proportion of the population reduced after the Holocaust committed by the invaders. Russians became the second largest nationality in all Oblasts (except Transcarpathian where Hungarians were the second), and in Crimea they were the first. In Donetsk and Lugansk Oblasts was a significant drop in the share of the Ukrainian population. Their numbers grew, but the percentage declined. The reason for this was the low growth of the Ukrainian population in comparison with other nationalities. As already mentioned, Russians were second most populous in Donbass, and their number along with a share steadily increased. Such tendency was caused by: 1. Many people come for economic reconstruction in the postwar years to Donbass, especially from the regions of the Russian Federation; 2. The unreliability of indications of the respondents in population censuses due to global Russification particularly in 1960-1970 years, as it was "profitable" to be Russian in documents; 3. Through the creation of the "Soviet people" and expanding the scope of the Russian language in the Ukrainian SSR as in general in the USSR, Russian language displaced other languages. A significant proportion of Russians, according to the censuses, was not in fact this nationality by ethnic origin. So the population census recorded a deformed structure of the population, namely the results of national policy of the Soviet government. The author proves that the policy of creating "Soviet people" through the Russification of the population was quite successful.


Foreign practice of financial management is increasingly drawn to the characteristics of cash flows in the assessment of the enterprise. The net cash flow is the objective result of the management, while the profit depends on the subjective approach of the...


The in-site laser desorption of GaAs semi-insulating substrate surfaces prior to MBE (molecular-beam epitaxy) growth and laser processing of ohmic contacts have been used for the fabrication of X-band HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) with superlattice donor layers. The improvements made lead to high-performance devices. The authors discuss details of device fabrication and present electrical characterizations (static measurements and physical investigations, and microwave measurements). In addition, a reliability study indicates that reliability levels comparable to those of GaAs MESFETs are reached.<<ETX>>


Foliar fertilizers (FF) applied at the reproductive growth stage was reported to increase soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) yield in field trials. But yield increases have not been consistent. Field experiments were conducted on Calloway silt loam soil in 1981—1982 to determine the effect of two foliar fertilizer (FF) formulations, 16N + 4P + 4K + 1 S (Hanway) and 12 N + 4 P + 4 K + 0.5 S (Folian), and time of application, 0800- and 1900-h, on the growth of seven soybean cultivars from maturity groups V, VI, and VII. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a rate of 187 L/ha−1 in water by a backpack CO2 pressure sprayer at R5 to R6 growth stages. Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900-h but caused moderate injury at 0800-h, which caused a yield reduction. The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800-h. Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982. Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments, but neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants. The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF. Plant height, 100-seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications. Due to the general lack of consistent yield increases or in some instances yield reduction from FF applications, the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by soybean producers.


Abstract The performance of Duroc (16), Hampshire (16), and Large White (16) pigs (comprising equal numbers of gilts and boars) was compared on ad libitum feeding over the liveweight range 25–85 kg. Large White pigs had significantly higher voluntary feed intakes and growth rates than Duroc and Hampshire pigs which did not differ significantly. Feed conversion ratios, exressed on a liveweight and carcass weight basis, were similar for the breeds. Carcass backfat measurements did not differ between the Hampshire and Duroc pigs but were, on average, 2–5 mm greater in the Large White pigs. Hampshire pigs had the largest eye muscle areas in cross section, and the musculature was paler and had a higher drip loss than the other breeds. Pale, soft, exudative musculature was found in only 2 Hampshire carcasses.


In view of the traditional case teaching system which has low retrieval efficiency and lacks intelligence,this paper,proposed the fuzzy clustering method to cluster and analyze the students and the cases.Thus the students with the same personality characteristics were divided in the same group;meanwhile,the cases in the databases were clustered and organized according to the degree of similarity.Finally,through testing the students' comprehensive ability,the students with the same cognitive ability recommended a proper group of cases.That optimized the traditional case-based reasoning(CBR) system.


This paper introduces the diversification and harmfulness of power theft methods in recent years, then collects and analyzes the power theft data of a power company from the power information collection system and the marketing business application system, and establishes the anti-theft characteristic orientation scale by using big data analysis method, and then forms the anti-theft expert sample data. By using the optimized mathematical model. This paper analyzes the principle of machine learning classification algorithms such as decision tree, support vector machine, K nearest neighbor and BP artificial neural network, select the optimal algorithm, train and model the sample data, and write a program to predict the new data. MATLAB tool software is used in the experiment, and the practical model of the optimal classification machine is finally formed by constantly adjusting the classification algorithm and parameters. Through cross-experiment verification, the optimal classification prediction results are obtained, which can effectively improve the accuracy of electricity theft recognition.


Bernard Shaw is one of the greatest dramatists of Britain.The distinctive feature of his dramas is that they are closely related to practical political struggle.He is brave enough to explore the most essential problem of the capitalist society,thus revealing the ugly faces of the exploiting class to the audience.He is also good at presenting the character conflict and main ideas by conversations and thought battle,which is fully manifested in his famous comedy Pygmalion.This paper aims to analyze Pygmalion from the perspective of stylistics,specifically from the phonology,lexicology,syntax and figures of speech so that readers can have a better understanding of the significance of the drama.


The thought problems among today's poverty stricken students in colleges and universities are summarized and the causes of such problems are analysed to put forward some suggestions to solve these problems.


Fracture risk in GHD patients is not definitely established. Studying fracture incidence in 832 patients on GH therapy and 2581 matched population controls, we recorded a doubled fracture risk in CO GHD women, but a significantly lower fracture risk in AO GHD men.


For the dual waveband detector of the TICM II thermal imaging system which is sensitive over the wavelength range from 3gm to 5gm and from 8gm to 12gm an afocal with magnification change has been designed. The afocal is color corrected for both wavelength bands without focus shift and it has a reduced Petzval-sum.


This article synthesizes a broad and complex situation regarding reactions to advances in sexual and reproductive rights in several Latin American countries, raising common elements in the regional context, while recognizing the importance of identifying local specificities and avoiding a rushed diagnosis of the existence of an organized international movement. Reactions in countries of the region to the advance of sexual and reproductive rights, and their connections to gender studies, share several common characteristics, especially in their use of a vocabulary that labels such rights as "gender ideology," a term originally created in the late 1990s by Catholic and secular activists to oppose the reforms that involved equality between men and women, same sex marriage etc. Evidence from various countries of the region allow raising the hypothesis that there is a growing separation of the agenda against "gender ideology" from its Catholic or even religious origins.


To the extent that they have not been embedded within a broad cultural context, discussions concerning race in the US have been unsatisfactory. While James Baldwin could argue that racism was inherent to American culture, it remained unclear how racial ideology had become so crucial. Racism is regularly invoked to explain various types of behavior, but too much is taken for granted. The concept of race tends to be naturalized, thus occluding the fact that the meaning of "blackness" and "whiteness" need to be understood in terms of social history. W.E.B. DuBois first discussed race as an inextricable feature of American society in his Black Reconstruction in America. This study, however, failed to show just how racism became an integral feature of society and of the labor movement.


The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of C-band SAR data from the Sentinel-1/2 instruments and machine learning algorithms for the estimation of forest above ground forest biomass (AGB) in a high-biomass tropical ecosystem. This study was carried out in Jamari National Forest, located in the Brazilian Amazon. The response variable was AGB (Mg/ha) estimated from airborne laser surveys. The following treatments were considered as model predictors: 1) Sentinel-1 Sigma 0 at VV and VH polarizations; 2) (1) plus Sentinel-1 textural metrics; 3) (2) plus Sentinel-2 bands and derived vegetation indices (LAI, RVI, SAVI, NDVI).Our modeling design estimated the relative importance of SAR vs. optical variables in explaining AGB. The modeling was performed with twelve machine-learning algorithms including, neural network and regression tree. The addition of texture and optical data provided a noticeable improvement (3%) over models with SAR backscatter only. The best model performance was achieved with the Random Tree algorithm. Our results demonstrate the potential of freely-available SAR data and machine learning for mapping AGB in tropical ecosystems.


Zn(1–x)MgxO thin films with various concentrations of magnesium were deposited using the spray pyrolysis method. The transmittance spectra recorded for all films exhibit maxima exceeding 90%. The band gap energy of the films with wurtzite structure increases from 3.22 up to 3.60 eV by incorporating Mg into ZnO. However, when the atomic ratio of Mg exceeded 0.4, a second crystalline phase (assigned to cubic MgO) became discernable in XRD patterns, a compressive strain was observed in the wurtzite lattice, and crystallite sizes decreased significantly. In accordance with these observations, finer grains with a pronounced columnar growth were observed in 3D AFM representations and the surface roughness decreases significantly. Finally, selective etching in water yields to porous films with a great surface-to-volume ratio, a lower refractive index and a better light transmission. These porous films with tunable band gap seem to be excellent candidates to various interesting applications.


A dual-band bandstop microstrip filter is proposed and designed by using microstrip resonator with Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The DGS are placed in the ground plane to obtain high attenuation of the bandstop filter response. The proposed is designed by using R04003C printed circuit board with dimension of 38 mm x 20 mm. Simulated result shows an insertion loss of −12.31 dB, a return loss at −1.75 dB for center frequency at 2.4 GHz and insertion loss of −22.93 dB, a return loss of −0.78 dB for center frequency at 5.8 GHz The results of simulated in different parameters of DGS is analysed and discussed.


We discuss various aspects of the spontaneous generation of magnetic fields in a Langmuir plasma. We first of all show that the correct general expression for the ponderomotive force leads to the solenoidal current responsible for the magnetic-field generation. We derive the ponderomotive-force expression and also the magnetic-field generation equations from a two-time-scale two-fluid description. We also use a kinetic approach to derive the magnetic-field generation equations. We discuss the stability of monochromatic Langmuir waves and show that they are subject to both the ordinary modulational instability and to a magneto-modulational instability. We show that the coupled nonlinear equations describing the electric field strength amplitude, the plasma density, and the self-generated magnetic field can, under certain conditions, be reduced to a generalized cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation. We finally show, by using a virial theorem, that the self-generated magnetic field does not stabilize the wave collapse.


The Hungarian Parliament adopted the new Labour Code, which came into effect on the 1st of July 2012. The main objective of the reform is flexibilisation of labour law, in order to increase the employment rate by promoting competitiveness of employers. This new orientation of labour law policy has been widely criticised, since the immediate effect of the new Act is the reduction of employee protection. Firstly, the article describes the main objectives and background of the labour law reform. Secondly, we elucidate conceptual changes in the fields of sources of labour law, collective rights and atypical forms of employment. The main question concerning the reform is, what effects may be expected as a consequence of flexibilising employment protection legislation.


In modern conditions, the development of countries is entering a new stage of development, a distinctive feature of which is the formation of an economy in which intellectual capital becomes the main capital. The formation of the foundations of innovation theory developed within the framework of theories about the wave, oscillatory development of systems. The theoretical basis for research in the field of innovative development is the development of the Russian scientist N.D. Kondratiev, who laid the foundations of the general theory of innovation and discovered the theory of long waves. The theory considers the economic and technological fields of activity, and also has a great influence on the whole life of people. According to economists, the increase in total knowledge provides 60-80 % of the increase in national income. Orientation towards an innovative development path is relevant for the economy of any country. Innovative activity is interconnected with the quality of life of Russians. This article discusses the innovative activity, both in Russia and the world as a whole. Trends in the development of innovative activity of countries as a whole, changes in the structure of innovative activities are revealed, changes in positions, the level of activity of developing countries in the global innovation index are shown. An assessment of the world practice of implementing the innovation process is given. The analysis of the innovative activity of the Russian Federation in modern conditions is carried out and an assessment of the results over the past five years is given based on a comparison with the indicators of economically developed countries. The opinions of experts on the reasons for the current situation and ways to increase the innovative activity of the Russian Federation are presented. The characteristic of innovation activity in the country is determined by many different factors. Indicators of innovative activity are characterized by low indicators, a decrease in innovative activity, in the presence of prerequisites for the formation of an innovative model for the development of the modern economy. An important factor is a fundamentally new level of interaction between the state and technology entrepreneurs and companies, start-ups, large and medium-sized businesses, attracting foreign companies with advanced technologies, developing completely new competencies, promising projects, and stimulating innovative processes.


A single mast climbing working platform comprises a vertical guiding mast and a horizontal working platform declining along the climbing direction of the vertical guiding mast. The upper and lower part of the vertical guiding mast are respectively provided with stop devices, and the bottom of the mast is connected with a adjustable underframe. The vertical guiding mast is fixedly connected with the building by an adhesion device, and is fixedly connected with the vertical rack track. The horizontal working platform comprises a horizontal reinforced beam and standard sections jointed to the two sides of the horizontal reinforced beam. The horizontal reinforced beam is connected with the support frame by four fixing hinge supports, which are connected with the driving frame by bolts. The working platform is a high efficient and safe construction platform with load restriction, which can display the working height, weight of load and operation speed. The utility model has advantages of large lifting capacity, ability of satisfying the requirements of different working surfaces, construction types, and ability of combining the modularized working platform into different lengths according to different construction occasions.


2-(4,4-Disubsted.-5-oxo-2-imidazolinyl)-p-toluic acid derivs. of formula (I) are prepd. by the cyclization of a cpd. of fomrula (II). In the formulas, R is H, C1-12 alkyl, C3-12 alkenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl or cyclopropyl; X is H, halogen or methyl; Y and Z are each H, halogen, C1-6 alkyl, C1-4 hydroxy alkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, nitro or cyano. (I) are useful as herbicides.


The surface detector (SD) array of the southern Pierre Auger Observatory will consist of a triangular grid of 1600 water Cherenkov tanks with 1.5 km spacing. For zenith angles θ < 60 ◦ the primary energy can be estimated from the signal S(1000) at a distance of about 1000 m from the shower axis, solely on basis of SD data. A suitable lateral distribution function (LDF) S(r) is fitted to the signals recorded by the water tanks and used to quantify S(1000). Therefore, knowledge of the LDF is a fundamental requirement for determining the energy of the primary particle. The Engineering Array (EA), a prototype facility consisting of 32 tanks, has taken data continuously since late 2001. On the basis of selected experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations various preliminary LDFs are examined.


OBJECTIVE To prepare uranine cationic liposome and evaluate the transfection efficiency on Staphylococcus Aureus. METHODS The liposomes were prepared by dehydration-rehydration, sonication, extrusion respectively and then lyophilized. The entrapment efficiency of uranine in the cationic liposome was detected and the transfection efficiency of the liposome on Staphylococcus Aureus was evaluated by FASC. RESULTS The results revealed that cationic liposome was regular in its morphology and the diameter range of the liposome was 20-50 nm. The mean entrapment efficiency of uranine in the liposome of three preparations was 19.42%. The release properties of the encapsulated uranine from liposome could be expressed by the following equation: Q=2.8293 + 2.7092T( r =0.9839). The results of FASC indicated that 30.1%±12.5% of Staphyloccus Aureus had integrated the encapsulated uranine.CONCLUSION The cationic liposome could be an idea vector for delivery of encapsulated drugs into Staphyloccus Aureus .


We will present the current state of our ongoing work on a simple to use, extensible and cross-platform volume rendering library. Primary target of our framework is interactive scientific visualization, but volumetric effects are also desirable in other fields of computer graphics, e.g. virtual reality applications. The framework we present is based on texture-based direct volume rendering. We apply the concept of volume shaders and demonstrate their usefulness in terms of flexibility, extensibility and adaption to new or different graphics hardware. Our framework is based on the OpenSG scene graph API, that is designed especially with multi-threading and cluster-rendering in mind, thus, it is very easy to integrate volumetric visualizations into powerful virtual reality systems.


We carried out a statistical study of solar radio noise storms whose onset was in the aftermath of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that occurred during 1997-2004, the first half of present solar cycle 23. The work is an attempt to understand the post-CME corona through observations of noise storms since the latter are considered to be closely related to structural changes there. The radio events were taken as the starting point for our study, and details about start time and location were available for 340 of them. We imposed the following conditions to verify the association between the above two phenomena: (1) the noise storm must have occurred ≤24 hr from the onset of a CME and (2) the central position angle of the CME must be located inside an angular span of ±45° with respect to the noise storm. We found that 196/340 noise storms were associated with CMEs. More interestingly, the time interval between CME liftoff and noise storm onset in all the above cases was ≤13 hr. We suggest that this represents the upper bound of the timescale over which coronal magnetic field reorganization had taken place in the aftermath of the aforementioned 196 noise storm associated CMEs. We also found that for a particular CME, the above temporal cutoff depends on its kinetic energy. Overall, it varies inversely with the logarithm of CME kinetic energy.


The reverse engineering technique plays an important role in the globalized market more competitive,which can shorten the time from designing to producing and make the products in the international market.The definition of reverse engineering,the curved surface numeral and curved surface restructure method and the application of reverse engineering are introduced.Finally,the motorcycle outline data measuring program using mechanical contact triple coordinate measuring machine and the resulted curved surface restructure were presented.


In the classical Black and Litterman approach, by using reverse engineering, it is possible to obtain the expected assets equilibrium returns implied in the weights of the market portfolio, i.e. the benchmark. However, analysts may have different views on some of the expected returns implied in the benchmark's weights and it is possible to obtain the posterior distribution by combining analysts' views and prior market information. In this paper we propose a methodology for a stress test analysis of the current managed portfolio, where two different shock types are combined. More precisely: 1. we shock a set of factors which affect asset returns, imposing the analysts' views on their variation from the expected level; 2. we assume that a mixture of normal distributions can describe the presence of hectic periods and quiet period. The asset correlation breakdown effect is well known i.e., ".. joint distributions estimated over periods without panics will misestimate the degree of correlation between asset returns during panics. " (Alan Greenspan). For this purpose, we introduce a number of macroeconomic factors which affect asset returns such as volatilities, interest rates, oil price etc. , At this stage, we do not perform a multi factor analysis, but we include the information in the covariance matrix. We assume that a mixture of normal distributions can describe the presence of high volatility periods and low volatility periods, taking into account extreme movements in the market. We derive the conditional moments of the posterior distribution by combining views on factors and market information.


Purpose—When individuals with central vision loss due to macular degeneration (MD) view stimuli in the periphery, most of them activate the region of retinotopic cortex normally activated only by foveal stimuli – a process often referred to as 'reorganization'. Why do some show this reorganization of visual processing whereas others do not? We reported previously that six individuals with complete bilateral loss of central vision showed such reorganization, while two with bilateral central vision loss but with foveal sparing did not, and we hypothesized that the effect occurs only after complete bilateral loss of foveal vision. Here we conduct a stronger test of the dependence of reorganization of visual processing in MD on complete loss of foveal function, by bringing back one (called MD6) of the two participants who previously did not show reorganization, and who showed foveal sparing. MD6 has now lost all foveal function, and we predicted that if large-scale reorganization of visual processing in MD individuals depends on complete loss of foveal input, then we will now see such reorganization in this individual. Methods—MD6 and two normally sighted controls were scanned. Stimuli were gray-scale photographs of objects presented at either the fovea or at a peripheral retinal location (i.e., the MD participant's preferred retinal locus – PRL, or the control participants' matched peripheral location). Results—In MD6, visual stimulation at the PRL significantly activated not only the expected "peripheral" retinotopic cortex, but also the deprived "foveal" cortex. Crucially, MD6 exhibited no such large-scale reorganization five years earlier when she had some foveal sparing. By contrast, in the control participants, stimulation at the matched peripheral location produced significant activation in peripheral retinotopic cortex only. Conclusions—We conclude that complete loss of foveal function may be a necessary condition for large-scale reorganization of visual processing in individuals with MD. Corresponding author: Daniel D. Dilks, Emory University, Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Room 469, Atlanta, GA 30332, firstname.lastname@example.com. The authors have no conflicts of interest. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Optom Vis Sci. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 August 01. Published in final edited form as: Optom Vis Sci. 2014 August ; 91(8): e199–e206. doi:10.1097/OPX.0000000000000325. N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript N IH -P A A uhor M anscript


The compression and compressive creep behavior of target shipping containers, which are material properties based on finite element analysis, and the lifetime and load-sharing rate, were analyzed in this study to develop a computer-aided engineering prediction technology for predicting the multi-stage compression behavior of three target packages with different logistics conditions. In the experiment performed in the study, the relative humidity levels were 50%, 70%, and 90%, with creep measurements performed for 12 h for a combination of three levels of applied load and relative humidity. Using the nonlinear model of the stress–strain and creep behavior of the target shipping container, the lifetime was analyzed by estimating the average creep rate of the target shipping container. The load-sharing rate for each logistics situation of the target packages was also analyzed. The reduction rate of the compression strength of the container with respect to the increase in relative humidity was greater in the 'horizontal long' container than in the 'vertical long' container. As the applied load increased, the rate of increase in the average creep rate increased, i.e., the higher the applied load, the larger the difference in the average creep rate with respect to the relative humidity. The lifetime estimated from the failure strain and average creep rate of the container gradually decreased as the applied load increased at all relative humidity levels. However, as the applied load increased, the difference with respect to the relative humidity tended to decrease. In the target packages used in this study, the ratio of the load-sharing rate between the shipping container and an expanded polystyrene cushioning material was determined to be 2%:98%, with most of the stacking load applied to the product through the cushioning material.


heavily on a political theology of popular sovereignty with deep roots in British and American history. That populist tradition, heavily laced with its characteristic hostility to lawyers and the law, figures in this book as the only available language of resistance to the hegemonic structures of legal authority and disciplinary power. Both as an historical analysis of the disciplinary society constructed in the Australian colonies and as a polemical assault on the invisible state of


Some issues concerning the situation of medium and small business, as well as the banking sector are discussed. Medium and small business is considered from the point of view of its financial security. The review of the banking sector includes some problems that arise with the growing competition in the market of banking products and the influence of external factors (supervising authorities and world financial market). In conclusion, the need to increase the efficiency of interaction between the banks and medium and small business is discussed.


In this paper,a novel image blocks encryption algorithm based on Coupled Map Lattice(CML) system was presented to solve the parallel problem of the common image encryption algorithm.The basic idea is to divide the image into blocks,and then used the block number as the spatial parameter of CML to iterate the chaos system.The chaotic stream was used to conduct confusion operations with part of the image,the result of which was applied to encrypt the other part.The proposed method can encrypt image in parallel and can also satisfy color image encryption.The simulation process indicates that the algorithm is easy to realize with low computation complexity,high sensitivity,high speed,high security and other properties simultaneously.


With the high penetration of renewable new energy in the power system, the unbalanced distribution of new energy incurs difficulty to the frequency control in the interconnected two-area power system. To solve this problem, this paper firstly proposes a method to predict three time-domain frequency response parameters after power disturbance for the two-area interconnected power system. Then, considering the different regulation depths of electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) in different areas and the obtained frequency response parameters, the frequency control factor is predicted for the EVA to participate in the system frequency control. Finally, according to the obtained frequency control factor, a coordinated control strategy (CCS) is proposed for the EVA to participate in the primary frequency regulation (PFR) in the interconnected two-area power system. Study results show that the effectiveness of the predicting method for system frequency response parameters is verified. The proposed CCS effectively reduces the impact of new energy fluctuations, and improves frequency stability by making full use of the regulation capacity of EVA in each area.


Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is reportedly overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is therefore considered an oncogene. However, the role of TXNDC5 in CRC tumorigenesis remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of TXNDC5 in CRC tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Analyses of patient tissue samples revealed a positive association between the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or TXNDC5 and the TNM stage of CRC. In addition, a positive correlation between the expression levels of HIF-1α and TXNDC5 was observed in CRC tissues. Furthermore, culturing RKO and HCT-116 human CRC cell lines under hypoxic conditions significantly increased the expression levels of HIF-1α and TXNDC5, whereas knockdown of HIF-1α abolished the hypoxia-induced expression of TXNDC5. Knockdown of TXNDC5 significantly decreased cell proliferation and colony formation, and increased apoptosis of both cell lines. Furthermore, knockdown of TXNDC5 markedly increased hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the expression of hypoxia-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) markers (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, glucose-regulated protein 78 and activating transcription factor 4) and apoptotic markers (B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-8). In addition, the expression levels of TXNDC5 were significantly increased in tumor tissues compared with in adenoma and normal tissues in a mouse model of CRC tumorigenesis. In conclusion, the in vivo data demonstrated that TXNDC5 is overexpressed in CRC tissues, and this overexpression may be associated with unfavorable clinicopathological features. The in vitro data indicated that hypoxia may induce TXNDC5 expression via upregulating HIF-1α; this effect promoted CRC cell proliferation and survival under hypoxic conditions, likely via inhibiting hypoxia-induced ROS/ER stress signaling. These findings suggested that TXNDC5 functions as an important stress survival factor to maintain tumorigenesis of CRC cells under hypoxia by regulating hypoxia-induced ROS/ER stress signaling. The present study provided novel insights into the role of TXNDC5 in the tumorigenesis of CRC.


What does it mean to love one's job? This article argues that for an understanding of power and agency in the labour market, particularly in the service and retail industry, passion needs to be given more consideration. Building on ethnographic observations and interviews with sales assistants and store managers within fashion retailing, the reasons for employees to perform 'aesthetic labour' are examined. Aesthetic labour generally refers to work practices in which workers are expected to conform to particular corporate aesthetics, management ideals or brand identities. The article argues that embodied work practices must be related to workers' own motivations. The purpose is to examine why so many people working as sales staff in the field of fashion retail claim to 'love' their work and why 'passion' is considered so important? The findings of this work are that employees are driven by emotions and affects and that aesthetic labour relies on 'the commodification of passion'. Workers dressed and talked ...


Density results obtained on the same cable sample with a column and from ultrasonic measurements are reported. A calibration curve relating ultrasonic velocity and cable insulation density is given for PE and crosslinked PE (XLPE) cables. The limits and advantages of deducing density profiles of cable insulation using a focused, ultrasound beam rather than the more time-consuming column measurements are discussed.<<ETX>>


General frontal view of the station; Pennsylvania Station (generally referred to as Penn Station) is the main train station in Baltimore, Maryland. Designed by New York architect Kenneth MacKenzie Murchison (1872-1938), it was constructed in 1911 in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture for the Pennsylvania Railroad. The station was originally known as Union Station (because it was served by both Pennsylvania Railroad and Western Maryland Railway), but was renamed to match other Pennsylvania Stations in 1928. Source: Wikipedia; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed 11/11/2007)


Prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and signaling are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster . PGs are produced downstream of cyclooxygenase or COX enzymes, the targets of nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs. Almost 20 years ago, biochemical studies suggested that Drosophila possess COX activity. Recent efforts utilizing a combination of pharmacological and genetic approaches revealed that PGs have critical functions in Drosophila oogenesis or follicle development. Pxt was identifi ed as the COX-like enzyme and is required for multiple aspects of female fertility, including temporal regulation of both gene expression and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Here we review the PG synthesis and signaling machinery, the evidence for PG activity in Drosophila , the roles of PGs in fl ies, primarily focused on oogenic activities, and the conservation of PG function in higher animals. We also point out how studies on PGs in a genetic model system, such as fl ies, can signifi cantly advance our understanding of the molecular actions of PGs.


This paper deals with a free boundary problem for reaction-diffusion equations, which was previously proposed by the authors. The main purpose is to estabilish the stability theory for stationary solutions for the free boundary problem with fairly general nonlinearity. Our argument is based on the notion of tt>-limit set and the comparison principle.


This paper shows that under the assumption of the out-going radiation conditions at infinity, the time-harmonic acoustic scattered field off a sound-soft solid in a shallow ocean with a fluid-like seabed is unique in . Here M1 is the water part, M2 the seabed, the waveguide and Ω the solid object. The associated modal problem is studied and a representation formula for the solution in terms of the Green's function is derived.


Statistics in Brief publications present descriptive data in tabular formats to provide useful information to a broad audience, including members of the general public. They address simple and topical issues and questions. They do not investigate more complex hypotheses, account for inter-relationships among variables, or support causal inferences. We encourage readers who are interested in more complex questions and in-depth analysis to explore other NCES resources, including publications, online data tools, and public- and restricted-use datasets. See nces.ed.gov and references noted in the body of this document for more information. determining financial eligibility for such federal programs as Medicaid or the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. This report determines undergraduates' poverty level by comparing their family income to HHS poverty guidelines. Consistent with federal financial need analysis, estimates for 2015–16 are based on 2014 income and federal poverty level thresholds. Family income for independent students consists of the student's income and, if married, the income of his or her spouse. Family income for dependent students consists of their parents' income. HHS establishes three separate poverty guidelines: one for the 48 contiguous U.S. states and the District of Columbia, one for Alaska, and one for Hawaii. HHS does not establish poverty guidelines for overseas U.S. territories, so the analyses in this report exclude students from overseas U.S. territories as well as international students (i.e., non-U.S. residents). More information about federal poverty guidelines is available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines .


We are facing a restructuring of the power industry towards a smart grid. The vision of the smart grid represents not only the creation of intelligent power supply networks to allow efficient and reliable use of energy resources, but also the redesign of the market structure coupled with it. In order to develop a smart grid-ready power market, the integration of the physical reality of the power grid into the economic market model has been set as the first requirement. To address this problem, we present a feedback control model to interconnect the physical grid and the economic market in a decoupled control loop. Our proposed control loop consists of two subsystems, namely an Optimal Power Flow (OPF)-based physical system and a Continuous Double Auction (CDA)-based economic system. A dynamic coefficient matrix generated by the Locational Marginal Pricing (LMP) algorithm is adopted for the market clearing mechanism to account for the real-time power flow and transmission constraints. Finally, we demonstrate some initial experiments for a feasibility test of the interaction between the proposed physical power system and economic power market.


The whole position in L. nivea can be summed up as follows. In the control material, parts of the otherwise normal inflorescence contained asynaptic pollen mother cells; the implication being that the asynapsis was due to a mutant gene, present in a sector of the inflorescence. In the irradiated material, in the M1 generation, in accordance with expectation that the plants will be chimaeras, buds are found on the same plant which may be normal, or asynaptic, or produce diplobivalents, or in which the daughter nuclei degenerate following meiosis.


Synthesis of P-acetoxybenzenesulfonate sodium and its activation mechanism in H 2O 2-bleaching were introduced.In H 2O 2 bleaching of baggasse pulp with P-acetoxybenzenesulfonate sodium as activator,orthogonal experiment was designed and carried out with various factors: bleaching temperature,the amount of activator,bleaching time and NaOH charge.In addition,the adding method of the activator was also studied.The experiment results showed that the amount of activator was the primary affecting factor,the next was in order of NaOH charge,bleaching temperature and time.The optimal conditions of bleaching were temperature 55℃,time 120min,the amount of activator 5% (weight,based on oven dried pulp),NaOH charge 1.5%.The activator was added when the bleaching was conducted for 90 min.A brightness of 67.2%ISO could be obtained under the conditions.Compared to the conventional H 2O 2-bleaching process,the brightness of the pulp increased 4.2 points,the bleaching temperature decreased 25℃,and the time shortened 30 min.The experiment indicated that P-acetoxybenzenesulfonate sodium had marked activation effect on H 2O 2-bleaching.


The Automatic Identification System (AIS) allows vessels to emit their position, speed and course while sailing. By international law, all larges vessels (e.g., bigger than 15m in Europe) are required to provide such data. The abundance and free availability of AIS data has created a huge interest in analyzing them (e.g., to look for patterns of how ships move, detailed knowledge about sailing routes, etc.). In this paper, we use AIS data to classify areas (i.e., spatial cells) of the South Atlantic Ocean as productive or unproductive in terms of the quantity of squid that can be caught. Next, together with daily satellite data about the area, we create a training dataset where a model is learned to predict whether an area of the Ocean is productive or not. Finally, real fishing data are used to evaluate the model. As a result, for blind movements (i.e., with no information about real catches in the previous days), our model trained on data generated from AIS obtains a precision that is 18% higher than the model trained on actual fishing data - this is due to AIS data being larger in volume than fishing data, and 36% higher than the precision of the actual decisions of the ships studied. The results show that despite their simplicity, AIS data have potential value in building training datasets in this domain.


This study proposes an intelligent multi-objective model predictive control method in which an artificial neural network and a genetic algorithm are used to realize satisficing decision-making, which is an interactive multi-objective programming technique. We considered model predictive optimization under a dynamic environment with multiple objectives. To predict nonlinear function forms with dynamic plant characteristics, we applied a recurrent radial basis function network, which is a type of artificial neural network. For optimization with multiple objectives, we applied a satisficing trade-off method along with metaheuristic optimization in the form of genetic algorithms. The features of this control method are as follows. (1) Several conflicting control objectives can be optimized in online control based on multi-objective evaluation through human–computer interaction and (2) an optimal and flexible plant control can be performed within a restrained practical computing time for real-time applications, with acceptable control quality using online adaptive model prediction. This study demonstrates the success of model prediction using computational intelligence combined with an interactive optimization technique for multi-objective model predictive control problems by applying the proposed method to steam turbine start-up control with multiple objectives consisting of the start-up time and rotor thermal stress of the steam turbine. The dynamic simulation results showed an effective control performance within a reasonable computing time.


Gary Slutkin, MD, spent a decade fighting infectious diseases in Africa. Now, the Chicago epidemiologist is battling a different kind of infectious disease — the kind that kills with bullets rather than pathogenic microbes.


Pastoralist conflicts are important global development outcomes, especially in Africa. Analysing relevant literature on this phenomenon, we identify "institutions" as a key but fragmented theme. This blurs a composite understanding of how institutions affect these conflicts and their management. Hence, this article proposes a conceptual framework that brings harmony to this discourse by analysing 172 relevant publications. The framework was then tested using evidence from interviews and policy documents collected on a typical case in Agogo, Ghana. The findings show that pastoralist conflicts in Africa are shaped from three main dimensions: institutional change, institutional pluralism, and institutional meanings. Thus, state-level institutional changes create different institutions at the community level, and stakeholders using these institutions place different evaluations on them based on obtained outcomes. These dynamics contribute to conflict management dilemmas. Hence, the study recommends that intervention efforts examine whether new institutions contradict existing ones and to resolve them before implementation.


Procedures are described for insulating metal scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tips with either glass or polymer coatings. In solutions containing 0.10 M of a reversible redox couple, Fe(CN)−3/−46, the faradaic limiting current to polymer coated tips was 200–500 pA and that for glass coated tips was <10 pA. For polymer insulated tips, steady‐state currents of 10–100 pA were observed at tip‐sample displacements less than 0.3 μm. The suppression of faradaic current achieved by these coating procedures enabled the collection of the first atomic resolution STM images of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite electrodes in contact with redox‐active electrolytes. Preliminary data for the in situ electrochemical characterization of these tips are also discussed.


The water-gas shift reaction influences the chemistry between the postcombustion gases of a rocket and the rocket's graphite nozzle. The rocket's operating pressures (70-600 atm) exceed those for existing water-gas shift reaction data, and further study of the chemistry under similar conditions is essential for optimum rocket design. To investigate chemical kinetic effects at the pertinent pressure and temperature regime, experiments were performed using the University of Illinois at Chicago high-pressure shock-tube facility with experimental temperatures ranging from 1200-2100 K and pressures ranging from 194-490 atm with reaction times averaging 1.17 ms. Initial mole fractions of H 2 O and CO were varied from 115-983 ppm (0.0002-0.003 mol/L). The experimental data have been compared with predictions from a comprehensive model for synthesis gas (CO/H 2 /CO 2 ) combustion and a reduced four-step model with the chemistry relevant to the water-gas shift reaction. The rate coefficients at our elevated pressure and temperature conditions were found to be pressure independent when compared with prior lower temperature 1 atm measurements.


There are no reports on biostimulators being used to stimulate the rooting process of camellia (Camellia japonica) cuttings. The influences of vegetation indices and biostimulators on the rooting of shoot cuttings of the camellia 'Nine Bends' were determined using the reflectance spectroscopy. Six root growth parameters were recorded, 81 days after sticking cuttings. Different groups of soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were used. Higher SPAD and NDVI values were found to be most effective in predicting rooting stages and percentages, whereas root number and length and dry weight could not be predicted. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at a concentration of 2000 ppm alone or combined with three concentrations of thiamine (TA), ascorbic acid (AA) and catechol (CAT) were applied to cuttings of camellia. The maximum root number and dry weight were recorded in TA (1000 mg L-1) alone and IBA+TA (800 mg L-1). However, IBA+AA (1000 mg L-1) treated cuttings showed the highest rooting stage, root number, root length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. Cuttings treated with IBA+CAT (50 or 100 mg L-1) produced greater root number, length, and dry weight compared to other treatments. The effects of biostimulators applied to tea stem cuttings for raising camellia plants in the nursery would offer insights into the mechanism of its action in plant conservation, and there is a need to improve propagation technology.


Based on the introduction of the basic concepts and the future development trends of wisdom logistics,the background of wisdom logistics information platform construction for Yiwu Port are analyzed,and the details of the wisdom logistics information platform construction are proposed.Finally,some key technologies associated with the information platform construction are given.


A new 250‐GHz, two‐frequency microwave interferometer system has been developed to diagnose divertor plasmas on DIII‐D. This diagnostic will measure the line‐averaged density across both the inner and outer, lower divertor legs. With a cutoff density of over 7×1014 cm−3, temporal measurements of edge localized modes (ELMs) and plasma detachment are expected. The outer‐leg system will use a double‐pass method while the inner‐leg system will be single pass. Two special three‐dimensional (3D) carbon composite tiles are used, one to protect the microwave antennas mounted directly under the strike point and the other as the outer‐leg reflecting surface. Performance, design constraints, and the thermal‐mechanical design of the 3D carbon composite tiles are discussed.


Taking paying customers as the point of departure, this article develops a mathematical approach linking the explicit financial worth of the paying customer (customer lifetime value) to the implicit social value of the nonpaying customer (word of mouth). When paying customers talk about their purchases in online social networks, word of mouth is spread from the paying customer to nonpaying customers (who may act on this information by either converting to a paying customer or remaining a nonpayer but spreading more word of mouth). Drawing on graph theory, we propose a conceptual method for calculating the financial value of the word of mouth shared between paying and nonpaying customers in a hypothetical social network (network value). Consequently, an aggregate metric, termed total network value, is also derived as the sum of all network value connections between paying and nonpaying customers in a social network. Implications for strategic marketing decisions and the need for empirical work are discussed.


This chapter provides an overview of global economic and labour market trends, through an analysis of trends in key indicators including GDP growth, employment, unemployment, labour productivity and working poverty, among others. It finds that the growing global jobs gap, characterised by particularly weak employment prospects for young people, is centred mainly in the developed economies, whereas the primary challenge facing many developing countries is widespread low-productivity employment. The chapter provides evidence that growth in wage and salaried employment opportunities is positively associated with increased labour productivity and higher shares of workers attaining a middle class standard of living in the developing world.


Abstract : This report represents an investigation of the interaction of aldosterone with kidney and liver cell membranes and with kidney subcellular frac tions and to compare this interaction with that of other steroid hormones. Aldosterone is weakly bound to kidney subcellular fractions. Liver and kidney cell membranes were found to either take up the steroids tested according to their solu bility in lipids or to bind them in accordance with the polarity rule of steroid-protein inter action. Spirolactone failed to displace aldo sterone from the kidney cell membranes. The re sults indicate that none of the cell fractions investigated bind aldosterone strongly or preferentially. (Author)


Abstract:This article constructs a rich contextual analysis of several objects that appear in surviving records related to the lives of Phillis Wheatley Peters and her husband, and considers the multiplicity of meanings these everyday items may have conveyed. These objects—a nose ring, eight old coats, four silver spoons, and a neighborhood park in Boston—connect the Peterses to networks of global exchange as well as their local communities, and they do so in ineffable and wide-ranging ways. By considering each of these objects, their likely origins and associations, as well as their environmental contexts, scholars can enhance our understanding of the lives of Phillis Wheatley Peters and her husband, and better perceive practices of self-expression and social life that exceed textual self-expression for Black authors in the eighteenth century. These claims find methodological grounding in Wheatley-Peters's poem "On Imagination."


Testing on the fuel cell Fig. 2. AFM images of morphologies on the surface of pyrolytic graphite (left), sections along black straight lines (in the center) and particle size distribution histograms (right) of cobalt complexes Сo(Ph-Ph) (A), Co(Ph-Bn) ( B) and Co(Py-p-Tol) (C) Cobalt complexes were obtained in situ by mixing the cobalt salt Co(BF4)2 with a non-coordinating tetrafluoroborate anion with the corresponding ligand in a ratio of 1:2.


We explore a new framework for the quantitative analysis of aggregate shocks and macroeconomic policy. Our Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian (HANK) model features three building blocks: uninsurable income risk, assets with different degrees of liquidity and nominal rigidities. The model is consistent with key facts on household balance sheets, household-level income dynamics, income and wealth distribution and heterogeneity in marginal propensities to consume (MPCs). We explore how the model reacts to a number of different types of shocks, among these supply shocks, demand shocks, idiosyncratic uncertainty shocks, and liquidity shocks. Our ultimate goal is to better understand the effects of fiscal stimulus policy, conventional and unconventional monetary policy. ∗Princeton and NYU 1


ABSTRACT This paper argues that local government associations (LGAs) form a key element in central–local relations. They contribute towards defending local discretion through their three roles: as the collective voices of local authorities; as countervailing public-interest groups; and as feedback mechanisms for central government actors. LGAs are understood as hybrid organizations and their role and influence analyzed in terms of (1) their relationship with central government; (2) their capacity to manage the dilemmas of collectively representing territorial heterogeneity; and (3) the extent of competition from other political and functional interests. These roles are studied by comparing LGAs in England, Germany and the Netherlands.


American experience on both the supply and demand sides of the transport question are largely disregarded. In the supply section of the book the authors describe comprehensively the nature and scope of services in Britain and look in detail at many of the organisational and managerial issues involved. Chapter 4 draws some useful comparisons with countries such as the US, Canada and France, and Chapter 5 describes the structure and findings of supply surveys carried out in some depth in Coventry and East Sussex. These findings are of general interest to those concerned with monitoring particular services with a view to indicating general and specific improvements. The demand and needs section summarises the literature, considers the concept of social needs and proceeds with an analysis of social needs developed from the two survey areas. From here, the authors look at various policy implications which they deduce from their findings. Although aware that their conclusions are drawn on relatively small samples and that their methods require development, Bailey and Layzell come to the conclusion that demand and needs become clearest when examined in the context of activity participation. This appears to be a sound and well-argued conclusion. In summary, it can be said that this is an interesting, well-written and quite comprehensively presented book which will be of general interest to those engaged in the provision of transport for the mobility-disadvantaged and of particular interest to researchers in this area.


An efficient approach for modeling of time interval error (TIE) due to noise in power delivery networks (PDNs), for current-mode (CM) driver circuits, is presented. Semianalytical expressions relating the PDN noise and TIE are developed based on midpoint delays of the rising and falling edges of the differential signal. The validating examples with CM driver circuits designed in various technologies comparing both the proposed and conventional approaches demonstrate a significant speedup using the proposed approach.


In order to make the imputation of fuzzy cooperative game to be better utilised in realistic model,a new generalization for value of the fuzzy cooperative games is defined in this study.It is based on the coalition of fuzzy game and value.The new generalization for value has various properties including efficiency,restricted proportionality,substitutability,and dumb element.Based these properties,the uniqueness of value existence are proved.Therefore,this study expends the theory of fuzzy cooperative games and is of useful in some applications.


A new round of industrial transfer inside and outside is speeding up. Meet with the trend of economic globalization and regional economic integration, western region is trying to undertake the east and seaside regions' textile industrial transfer, promoting the optimization of industrial structure and the strengthen of economic competitiveness. Based on analyzing the main problems for western region undertaking eastern textile industrial transfer and the reasons, this thesis offers several countermeasures and suggestions according to present conditions and new requirements. (1) Develop western border trade and the western inland market. (2) Combine western competitive advantages and eastern latest technologies and achieve the integration of advantage resources of western and eastern textile industries. (3) Build a new special industrial chain for western textile industry. (4) Learn mature management modes from eastern textile companies. (5) Build a favorable environment in the west for undertakeing the textile industry.


This chapter studies a snowball sampling method for social networks with endogenous peer selection. Snowball sampling is a sampling design which preserves the dependence structure of the network. It sequentially collects the information of vertices linked to the vertices collected in the previous iteration. The snowball samples suffer from a sample selection problem because of the endogenous peer selection. The author proposes a new estimation method that uses the relationship between samples in different iterations to correct selection. The author uses the snowball samples collected from Facebook to estimate the proportion of users who support the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong.


Abstract This paper is concerned with one student teacher (Orhan) and how his personal theories about teaching effectiveness changed over a period of 15 months, as represented by repertory grid data. These findings are drawn from a larger scale doctoral study by Sendan which suggested that while the content of participating student teachers' personal theories showed only limited change, there was notable change in their structure. This change varied between individuals, and was non‐linear and complex in nature. This individual case study reports changes in Orhan's thinking, which suggest his increasingly clear discrimination regarding teacher effectiveness, through cycles of decon‐struction and reconstruction in his personal theories. These changes occur particularly in structure, and in Orhan's view of himself as teacher.


The mobility of a Kähler metric is the dimension of the space of metrics with which it is c-projectively equivalent. The mobility is at least two if and only if the Kähler metric admits a nontrivial hamiltonian 2-form. After summarizing this relationship, we present necessary conditions for a Kähler metric to have mobility at least three: its curvature must have nontrivial nullity at every point. Using the local classification of Kähler metrics with hamiltonian 2-forms, we describe explicitly the Kähler metrics with mobility at least three and hence show that the nullity condition on the curvature is also sufficient, up to some degenerate exceptions. In an appendix, we explain how the classification may be related, generically, to the holonomy of a complex cone metric.


In this paper, we propose a new double-piped mode of operation for multiproperty-preserving domain extension of message authentication codes (MACs), pseudorandom functions (PRFs), and pseudorandom oracles (PROs). Our mode of operation performs twice as fast as the original double-piped mode of operation of Lucks while providing comparable security. Our construction, which uses a class of polynomial-based compression functions proposed by Stam, makes a single call to a <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$3n$</tex> </formula>-bit to <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex></formula>-bit primitive <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{1}$</tex> </formula> at each iteration and uses a finalization function <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{2}$</tex> </formula> at the last iteration, producing an <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex></formula>-bit hash function <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$H[f_{1},f_{2}]$</tex></formula> satisfying the following properties. <orderedlist numeration="arabic" continuation="restarts" posttext=")"> <listitem><para><formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$H[f_{1},f_{2}]$</tex> </formula> is unforgeable up to <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$O(2^{n}/n)$</tex> </formula> query complexity as long as <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$f_{1}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$f_{2}$</tex></formula> are unforgeable.


The paper explains the definite method and principle of intrinsically safe circuit parameters in explosion-proof identification and curries out investigation and analysis of intrinsically safe parameter desoription to home explosion proof centres.It points out difference reasons of intrinsically safe parameters.


The research is concerned with the application of the artificial neural network system, which simulate the neural networks in the human organism, That centered around the designing of neurons that dedicated functions enable us to create a smart neural network through repeated training to reach results providing time and effort to the community , The sampling used in this research are students who expected to stumble . The study is conducted to use a new method to enable predicting the stumbling before it occur by sorting and processing the inputs to produce a list of expected stumbling students border to solve their problems by calculating their progress and cumulative GPA rates.


Chris Newman and Michael Finnissy are both composers who frequently make use of borrowed material. In this paper, their approaches to composition with these materials are compared and contrasted, in order to examine whether the numerous, surface-level, binary oppositions that might be posited between their musics hide similarities in their approach to musical material and, in particular, if these similarities can be read as an approach to music and politics in their work. The theoretical approach taken here includes a reversed subject-object distinction, proposed by Newman (2005), alongside art theorist Nicholas Bourriaud's conception of the 'exform' (2016). These ideas offer a perspective on the work of these composers that reads it as inherently political as a result of its materialism. The materials of a selection of keyboard works are considered, alongside the com- posers' more general approach to material and to medium. The existing musicological tradition of Finnissy's work is also compared and contrasted with Newman's critical stance towards his own work—particularly his visual art works—in order to uncover evidence of this political stance in ex- isting writing. Finally, the antagonistic attitude of the work of Finnissy and Newman towards labels such as 'modernism' and 'experimental music' is examined as a facet of its exformal properties.


A novel active polystyrene (PS) membrane was prepared with amphiphilic polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PAS) molecules fixed on its surface. The membrane was characterized with FT-IR. The active surface (lower surface) of the membrane could act as a template to induce heterophase crystal nucleation of CaCO3. Optical microscopy and SEM were used to characterize the CaCO3 crystals. Crystals with different morphologies (cubic, hexagon and spindle shaped) were found on the active membrane after it induced CaCO3 crystallization. The templating effect is consistent with the hydrophile of the active surface characterized by water droplets. Both the templating effect and the hydrophile of the active surface could be regulated by PAS concentration and pH in the membrane preparation.


Work-Home Support (SWH) of an individual has an influence on the level of Individual and Organizational Outcomes (IOOC) and in turn on their work and family performance. Here IOOC is inclusive of General Wellbeing (GWB), Work Outcomes (WOC) and Family Outcomes (FOC). The aim of this study is to determine and establish a relationship between SWH and IOOC among women employed in Southern Railways of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. A sample of 215 women employees was considered to obtain the empirical base for the study. Madjar-Oldham-Pratt's SWH and Beehr-Walsh-Taber's IOOC inventories were employed to quantify the SWH and IOOC levels, respectively. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to interpret the data. The results demonstrate that there is a positive relationship between SWH and factors that constitute IOOC.


A financial statement analysis case uses the government-wide financial statements of Corona, CA to teach students about the financial overview provided in the new governmental financial reporting model. Educators are struggling to incorporate the new model in their governmental accounting curricula. The case analysis is beneficial to students in three ways. First, the active, case learning approach of using a real world example complements existing pedagogical materials for better mastery of the new reporting model. Second, the case approach of using ambiguity and alternative solutions promotes the development of analytical skills. Third, the written requirement and class discussion promotes the development of communication skills.


Abstract : Motivated by the recent development in fabricating graphene/carbon nanotube-based surface compliant loud speakers, the effectiveness of thermoacoustic actuators that locally introduce high-intensity acoustic waves for active flow control is examined by performing high-fidelity large eddy simulation for compressible flow over a wall-mounted hump at a Reynolds number of 0:5 x 1000000 and Mach number of 0.25. Based on performance characteristics of the grephene-based thermoacoustic actuators, high-frequency actuation around Helmholtz number of 3.0 is considered. We observe that the actuation is able to introduce small-scale perturbations to the shear layer in the separated ow and attenuate the formation of large scale spanwise vortices. This ow control technique elongates the recirculation zone and shifts the low-pressure region downstream of the hump. As a consequence, the drag on the hump is reduced by approximately 4.31% and 6.33% for two and three-dimensional simulation, respectively.


Background: Poor HIV treatment adherence can result in the development of drug resistant strains of HIV and HIV positive people may transmit drug resistant virus to their sex partners. Objective: To examine the association between HIV treatment adherence and sexual risk behaviour practices in people living with HIV-AIDS. Methods: Surveys and interviews with 255 men and women living with HIV and receiving antiretroviral therapy. Results: People who were currently taking antiretroviral medications and missed at least one dose of their medications in the past week scored significantly higher on a hopelessness scale and reported more current use of marijuana. People who had been non-adherent also reported significantly more sex partners, greater rates of unprotected vaginal intercourse, and less protected sex behaviours including less protected sex with partners who were HIV negative or of unknown HIV status. Conclusions: Associations between HIV treatment adherence and sexual transmission risk behaviours indicate the need for comprehensive and integrated health behaviour interventions for people living with HIV-AIDS.


OVERVIEW:R&D's role in the innovation process can be meaningfully represented by a hierarchy of managerial factors (The Technology Value Pyramid) that provide the foundations, links to strategy and financial outcomes for the corporation. The recognition of these TVP factors, together with an assembled menu of metrics, allows the model to be used to track the contribution to innovation performance at different levels of the TVP. The TVP model can be used to track the performance both prospectively and retrospectively, to diagnose weaknesses in the R&D organization and to plan for improvement in R&D contribution to the corporation. The various R&D stakeholders have different interests and perspectives on the innovation process, and these are accommodated by the TVP model and the menu of metrics.


Cloud computing has emerged as a new computational model in which software is hosted, run and administered in large web data centers and provided as a service. Therefore, elasticity is the most important challenge in cloud environments because it aims at adapting the workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources, such that the available resources match the current need. To address the challenges of the automated elasticity management, a structured approach should be used to provide an abstract level of elasticity description and autonomic approach for self-management. In this paper, we propose a generic meta-model for automated elasticity management. We aim to combine between two approaches: Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) based approach to provide a generic meta-model for elasticity management and a MAPE-K loop approach to automate the process of elasticity management. The proposed approach is illustrated through an Ambient Healthcare Monitoring System (AHMS) application.


whole material including recycled and virgin material is increased or not with an increase in the outflow of recycled material. If the demand for the material can be assumed to be constant against an increase in the outflow of closed-loop recycled material, closed-loop recycling which substitutes virgin material of the same kind has advantage over open-loop recycling which possibly substitutes no materials.


Chemicals exhibiting a high degree of toxicity to adults of the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), in laboratory tests included Dow M361, Dow ET-14, Dow ET-15, Diazinon®, Pirazinon®, Dipterex®, endrin, isodrin, ethion, Thiodan®, Bayer 25141, phosphamidon, Dibrom®, Phosdrin®, Guthion® and dimethoate. Of these, Dow ET-14, Dow ET-15, Diazinon, Pirazinon, Dipterex, endrin and isodrin brought about the most rapid kill. Other materials tested in the laboratory that showed I-(oodto moderate toxicity to the flies were Chlorthion®, DDVP, Sevin®, Trithion® and Di-Syston®. Phostex® and Ryania were the least effective insecticides used in the laboratory tests.

In orchard trials, insecticides were applied as foliage sprays timed according to fly emergence. Isolated orchards, receiving a single schedule of treatments throughout the entire block, were used, as well as multiple-plat experiments that included unsprayed check plats. Migrant flies did not present a problem in pints buffered by a single row of sprayed trees. Spray schedules employing a combination of lead arsenate and Perthane®, Diazinon alone and combined with DDT, DDT plus lead arsenate, Guthion alone, and Guthion plus Sevin, or Guthion plus lead arsenate were effective when used in practicable amounts. Sevin and dimethoate prevented most. larval development within the fruit but permitted puncturing by ovipositing flies and, therefore, are not considered acceptable for commercial use at the rates tested. Strobane® and Bayer 22408, while reducing injury, did not provide sufficient. protection to warrant. further trial. A combination, at reduced levels, of Trithion and DDT, also gave inadequate control, but a schedule including DDT, alone and combined with lead arsenate with one application of Trithion alone was effective. As used in these tests, phosphamidon, ethion, malathion, Diazinon in a two-application schedule, and Diazinon combined with malathion failed to control apple maggot. Sevin combined with lead arsenate failed in one test but, when Guthion was substituted in one application, gave satisfactory control in another. Most failures, under orchard conditions appear to result from inadequate residual lethal action.

The chemical names for the insecticides mentioned above for which no approved common names are available are as follows:

Bayer 22408— O,O -oiethyl O -naphthalilmido phosphorothioate

Bayer 25141— O,O -oiethyl O-p -(methylsulfinyl) phenyl phosphorothioate

Chlorthion— O -(3-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl) O,O -dilnethyl phosphorothioate

Diazinon— O,O -diethyl O -(2-isopropy 1-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate

Dibrom—1,2-dibromo-2,2-diehloroethyl dimethyl phosphate

Dipterex—dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate

Di-Syston— O,O -diethyl S -2-(ethylthio) ethyl phosphorodithioate

Dow ET-14— O,O -dimethyl O -2,4,5-trichlorophenyl phospholorthioate

Dow ET-15— O -methyl 0-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl phosphora midothioate

Dow M861— O -methyl 0-2,4,5-trichlorophenyl N -ethyl phosphoramidothioate

Guthion— O,O -dimethyl S -(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-(4 H )-yl-methyl) phosphorodithioate

Perthane—1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis( p -ethylphenyl)ethane

Phosdrin—1-methoxycarbonyl-1-propen-2-yldinwthyl phosphate (and related compounds)

Phostex—a mixture of his (dialkyoxyphosphinothioyl) disulfides

Pirazinon— O,O -diethyl- O -3-(2-propyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate

Sevin—1-naphthyl N -methylcarbamate

Strobane—a mixture of chlorinated terpenes with 66% chlorine

Thiodan—6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide

Trithion— S -( p -chlorophenylthio)methyl O,O -d iethyl phosphorodithioate


The role of fiscal multiplier has been given due importance in the debate of fiscal stimulus and consolidation. It mainly reflects the short run effects of a unit change in tax or government spending on economic activity. Various taxation and government spending measures have been adopted with the belief that these measures could achieve the desired goals. There was dearth of studies analyzing the impact of such fiscal stimulus measures on stimulating domestic demand.


To objectively and quantitatively demonstrate regional differences in brain endocast morphology, traditional anthropometric caliper measurements must be replaced by a system providing not only localness, but homology and reasonable freedom from allometric distortion. Stereoplotting the radial distances from endocast surface (the closest point to the once underlying brain cortex) to a homologous center every ten degrees provides some 300+ data points for each dorsal endocast surface, thus giving the requisite localness. These measurements provide a large matrix of data suitable for a number of multivariate statistical techniques, and the translation of such data and analyses to readily visualized maps, which can then be compared in relation to both taxonomic and functional knowledge about the cerebral surface. This paper descri-bes some preliminary results from using such methods on a sample of 64 undistorted endocasts composed of both pongids and fossil hominids. While sample sizes within taxonomic groups need to be augmented, the preliminary and tentative pilot studies conducted so far suggest that the method has excellent potential, and that two major areas of the brain endocast surface show the greatest shape changes : 1) the posterior association areas (inferior parietal lobule); 2) the anterior prefrontal areas.


To accomplish the aims of sustainable development,a perfect institution must be established,which includes the supply of formal institutions,and informal institutions and powerful institutional implemental mechanism,but it deviates from its aims sometimes by insufficient supply of state's institutional demand and the abnormality of local governments.Lots of unsustainable development phenomena arise from the abnormality of main supply body of informal institutions,the different levels of economic development and disequilibrium of institutional cost.Therefore,discussing sustainable development with institutional demand and supply aims to turn to the state and government who should bear their responsibility for institutional implementation,institution restraint,and institution investment in order to change the present situation of demand and supply of institutions in sustainable development.


We performed the X-ray diffraction measurement to clarify the crystal structure of the intermetallic superconductor Mo3Sb7 at low temperature. Mo3Sb7 undergoes a symmetry-lowering structural transition from cubic to tetragonal lattice at 50K, which is strongly associated with an opening of a spin-gap. we identified the detailed structure of tetragonal phase using Rietveld refinement, and revealed that the Mo-Mo pair couples to form a dimer only in z direction, the two thirds of Mo tends to remain relatively isolated. This result indicates that the magnetic ground state of Mo3Sb7 could be identified as a typical metallic state with localized spin-singlets.


About 27 % of available water in South Africa is utilised in the urban environment. Estimates for South Africa place ornamental landscape water use as high as 50 % of urban water use. South Africa's average annual rainfall is approximately 495 mm. Rainfall patterns are erratic with periodic droughts of anticipated increased frequency. Ornamental landscapes require additional watering to minimise impacts of dry periods. These landscapes are often overrather than under-watered. One method of reducing urban ornamental landscape water use is to group plants according to predefined hydrozones to optimise water use through improved site maintenance, landscape design and irrigation application. Currently no extensive researched database of commonly grown ornamental landscape plants linked to hydrozones exists for South Africa. To produce such a plant database, an analysis determining the hydrozone rating of plants sold in South African nurseries was undertaken. The result of this study is a database of plant species suitable for ornamental landscape hydrozones (high, medium, low and very low water requirements) and linked to a plant factor. This provides South African Green Industries Council members, especially landscapers with a database to assist in selecting the most appropriate plants for each hydrozone for their ornamental landscapes and gardens. The database will support South African ornamental landscape water use models.


Notice to the Public. — Against the better judgment of the under signed, the practice has hitherto obtained of admitting general visitors to the apartments of the insane. It has been allowed under the idea that it might serve to allay the distrust existing in some minds toward all such institutions, and perhaps it may, to some extent, have had this effect. The existence of two boards of supervision—the board of trustees, and the board of state charities, whose examinations are frequent and thor ough— leaves no longer a protest for a usage at once indelicate and inhu man, considering the character and object of the major class of visitors. The public are therefore respectfully informed that under a sense of duty to the afflicted, this practice will henceforth be discontinued, and resi dents of the vicinity of this institution will confer a favor, by stating to friends coming from abroad the reason why a practice, laudable as to the other state institutions in Jacksonville, must find its exception here.


This paper discrrpted the essential difference between optical Ethernet and EPON. At the same time, the paper analyzed the burst-mode signal processing done by EPON system, with the emphasis on the analysis of the principle and expermentation of the burst-mode receiver. The paper also gave a solution scheme, and described how does the top level chip process the burst-mode signal.


Before joining the Sports Coaching department at the University of Gloucestershire, I spent fifteen years living and working as a ski coach in the French Alps. During this time I developed a coaching business that now employs over 20 Alpine ski coaches. I am passionate about coach education having worked as a coach educator (Trainer) for BASI (British Association of Snowsport Instructors) since 2003.

Within traditional coach education, Cote and Gilbert (2009) report an almost exclusive focus on professional knowledge that results in a subsequent absence of attention to interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge. Sports coaching has been described as a messy, complex and dynamic undertaking that requires coaches to develop a wider skill set than such an approach promotes (Jones, 2007). In this context, it becomes relevant to better understand how coaches learn their craft, namely how learning through a community of practice (CoP) (Wenger, 1998) can develop both interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge. Despite some attempts to explore these less tangible areas of coaching knowledge (e.g. Culver and Trudel, 2005) it remains to be seen whether the cultivation of a CoP actually informs interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge in a coaching context, or whether learning in this way simply enriches an environment that promotes the transfer of professional knowledge. Data collection involved seven recorded focus groups (Krueger and Casey, 2009) that explored issues set by the coaches and a reflective journal kept by the CoP facilitator. Conducted from a social constructivist perspective and using inductive thematic analysis the transcriptions and reflective journal were coded to identify emerging themes pertinent to the research aims. The findings of the study reflect the work of Wenger (1998), recognizing that CoPs provide a stage on which socially driven learning can take place at multiple levels, with the power of storytelling (Douglas and Carless, 2008) and reflective conversation (Ghaye, 2011) acting as essential characters. As a result of mutual engagement in the project the coaches learned to approach their work in a more holistic manner (Cassidy et al. 2008) and sought to better understand their clients. Theory and the "knotty reality of practice" (Jones et al. 2012) were harmoniously united.