The capacity of multiuser networks has been a long-standing problem in information theory. Recently, Avestimehr et al. have proposed a deterministic network model to approximate wireless networks. For multicast, they have shown that the capacity for the deterministic model is equal to the minimal rank of the incidence matrix of a certain cut between the source and any of the sinks. Their proposed code construction, however, is not guaranteed to be efficient and may potentially involve an infinite block length. We propose an efficient linear code construction for the deterministic wireless multicast relay network model. Unlike several previous coding schemes, we do not attempt to find flows in the network. Instead, we maintain an invariant where it is required that at each stage of the code construction, certain sets of codewords are linearly independent.


This study explores the use of activities in presentation of information to first-year students at an urban community college.  To facilitate student orientation to campus resources we presented information in both a game-play format and reading activity.  Students were quizzed on the application of this information.  Results were contrasted with a control group who did not participate in either activity.  Although inconclusive based on the scope of this study, results suggested that participation in an activity contributed to short-term retention of information.


We consider a Hamiltonian of a system of two bosons on a three-dimensional lattice Z 3 with a spherically simmetric potential. The corresponding Schrödinger operator H(k) this system has four invariant subspaces L(123), L(1), L(2) and L(3). The Hamiltonian of this system has a unique bound state over each invariant subspace L(1), L(2) and L(3). The corresponding energy values of these bound states are calculated exactly.


In the crystal lattice of the title compound, 1,5-diphenylcarbonohydrazide acetonitrile solvate, C13H14N4O·C2H3N, the diphenylcarbazide molecules create a network structure through hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The FT–IR spectra clearly show the presence of acetonitrile molecules in the crystal lattice.


The first comprehensive karyological overview of the group of Festuca circummediterranea , comprising 10 Euro-Mediterranean taxa (5 species and 7 subspecies, including autonyms), is provided. Thirty populations were sampled from across almost the whole distributional range of the aggregate, including the loci classici of each taxon. The first chromosome counts for F. jeanpertii subsp. jeanpertii , subsp. achaica , and subsp. gracilis are reported. All the taxa were found to be diploid (2n = 14) and have a similar karyotype, characterized by the predominace of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes; the occurrence of B-chromosomes was recorded from a single taxon, F. marginata subsp. gallica .


The body shows impressive control capabilities in terms of the speed and the precision with which movements can be carried out under a wide variety of circumstances. The cerebellum and brainstem nuclei, including the cuneate nucleus, are believed to play a crucial role in this control. If these control mechanisms can be unveiled, this could yield important insights in not only medicine and neurophysiology, but could also control theory in general, which could then potentially be applied in a variety of industry-based control applications. In this thesis system identification and modeling of one subsystem is considered: the cuneate nucleus. The aim of this project is to create a quantitative model for control of a network of neurons in this structure and to create a detailed single-cell model of the cuneate neuron. A two-pronged approach is used to study the function of this structure. First a black-box like system identification using Matlab with experimental data as in- and output signals is considered. Then, building on a previously developed Scicos neuron model, a detailed neuron model of one cuneate neuron is developed, incorporating many aspects of recently described cellular neurophysiology. Our findings suggest that the cuneate nucleus acts as filter for its input sensory signal, applying a differentiating and phase-lead effect on the transmitted signal. These are interesting features of a control system, and could help understand how the body can attain such a high degree of precision in its movements. (Less)


Uncertainty in measurement of arc diameter is not controlled in producing process.After analyzing the precision of some measuring method,we find that a kind of measuring equipment meets the requirement.And it is convenient to be used on-line.


e18098Background: Therapies including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitors (PI) have improved outcomes of multiple myeloma (MM) during the past decade. However, current real-worl...


Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has increasingly become an attractive urban transit alternative in many Asian developing cities due to its cost-effectiveness, flexible implementation, and high performance. Nevertheless, it still seems difficult to introduce the BRT to these cities because almost all of their city structures have been developed under a solely road transport development city plan and a weakness in land use control giving rise to many problems, such as urban sprawl, traffic congestion, and air pollution. The purpose of this study aims to introduce strategies to support BRT implementation in Asian developing cities, such as a strategy to integrate appropriately the paratransit into BRT as being a feeder along the BRT corridor to supply demand. These proposing strategies are evaluated by applying demand forecasting and emission models to the BRT project plan of Bangkok Metropolitan Administration in Thailand. It has been demonstrated that the proposing strategies could effectively improve the BRT ridership, traffic condition, and air pollution emission of the entire system in Bangkok. This study could be further extended to include strategy recommendations if a BRT system is introduced to other Asian developing cities.


Alkenones (C3,: and C37 3) biosynthesized by prymnesiophyte algae were quantified in sinking particles. The samples were collected during a oneto three-years sediment trap time series investigation from three sites along a 20°\V offshore transect (33° to 53°N). At each station, two traps were deployed in different depth below 1000 m. Integrated annual alkenone fluxes through 2000 m depth varied between 100 ~tg/m'y ( 4 7°N and 53°N) and 500 ~Lg/m'y (33°N). Fluxes were lowest in in the fall to early winter period reaching values less than about 10 ng!m'd and highest in April/May (47°N and 53°N)and Fcbruary (33°N), respectively, with pronounced maxima up to 4000-8000 ng!m'd. The !arge blooms of alkenone-producing algae took place about two months before the determination in sinking particles of the deep ocean, as been shown by the results of U\,-investigations. Alkenone contents of sinking particles differ in the range ofmore than 200 ftg/g dry weight during a descending bloom ofEmiliania huxleyi and only 1 %0 ofthis value in late winter pcriod at 53°N. As expected the correlation with calciumcarbonate content is poor caused by the amount of foraminifera in sinking partcles. Indeed, alkenone-producers were only minor contributors to the annual vertical flux of calcit. Nevertheless they had increased importance for vertical calcit transport after their !arge blooms in late winter and early spring, respectively. The degradation of alkenone content with depth in trapped particles varied from 15 to 30 % for a vertical distance of about 2000 m. The grade ofreminarlization seems tobe quite low compared to polar compounds like amino acids. Nevertheless, only 1-3 % of the alkenone content found in sinking particles about 1000 m above the sea floor was found in surface scdiments below the traps. Alkenone unsaturation patterns were defined by measurement of U\, in all samples collected in the sediment trap time series. Anually integrated values ranged from 0,32 (53°N) via 0,44 ( 47°N) to 0,65 (33°N) and differed very low from U\, found in surface sediments on identic positions. Increasing U\,-values from north to south were expected because of incrcasing sca surface temperatures. The annual U\, was dominated by the scason ofhigh alkenone fluxes. The seasonal pattern of U'n at each station was consistant to the seasonal pattern of water temperature in the photic zone (Levitus, 1982), considering a two-month-delay conccrning the minima in spring. During these two months, sinkable particles are formed from single organisms in the upper zone and reach the sediment trap by gravitation. The sinking veloctity is higher than 150 m/d. The best fit between determined U\, and Levitus-temperatures of the photic zone was established by Brassell ( 1993). At nearly each location a depth-comparision ofthe gained results (alkenone fluxes, alkenone contents and U\7) show significant correlation. Pronounced events obscrved in the upper scdiment trap also appeared one or two kilomcters deeper, what can be considered as a hint for "vertical" flux below the thermocline. Considering the very slight seasonal variation of U\7, much attention was paid on analytical technique for getting access to seasonal differences. Therefor each sample was cleaned-up by HPLC vcry carefully in order to seperate alkenones completely from disturbing alkenoates. After this procedure, the alkenones were quantified by GC-FID using checked standard compounds. /11/taltsver;eiclmis -


The present invention involves a coating with special carbon-salt vegetable complex CVC, relates to the preparation of doped plant complex by fermentation process compost CP particularly straw and horse manure fermented 3-6 days. Be applied in improving methanation leading to 200-350%, in particular humic acid nucleus exhibits extremely improved biological activity, mycorrhizal, fixed gas (nitrogen, carbon) concentration is very high doped or over-doped plant-derived composite material is obtained. .FIELD 4


In this paper, we investigate the use of invariants derived from the heat kernel as a means of clustering graphs. We turn to the heat-content, i.e. the sum of the elements of the heat kernel. The heat content can be expanded as a polynomial in time, and the coefficients of the polynomial are known to be permutation invariants. We demonstrate how the polynomial coefficients can be computed from the Laplacian eigen-system. Graph-clustering is performed by applying principal components analysis to vectors constructed from the polynomial coefficients. We experiment with the resulting algorithm on the COIL database, where it is demonstrated to outperform the use of Laplacian eigenvalues.


The invention provides a spark plug having a multilayer firing tip that minimizes the amount of precious metal used and a method of assembling a spark plug with a multilayer firing tip. The firing tip includes a discharge end and a weld end, with the weld end being connected to a center electrode, and more specifically to a base electrode on the center electrode. The weld end has a coefficient ofthermal expansion, which is not between the values for the coefficients of thermal expansion for the discharge end and the base electrode. More specifically, the weld end has a coefficient of thermalexpansion which is greater than the coefficients of thermal expansion for the discharge end and base electrode. The weld end is formed from Nickel and Chromium with a limited amount of additional elements. The spark plug is assembled by providing a first elongated material formed from the material used for the discharge end and a second elongated material formed from a material used for the weld end. The two materials are then joined to form a single joined material and are severed to create a firing tip. The firing tip is welded to the center electrode of the spark plug, and more specifically the base electrode.


In order to achieve career aspiration,many university students make some input to enhance their stock of knowledge,capability and quality besides the financial investment in the study of the chosen major.The behaviour of non-tuition input is very common among college students.Through the questionnaire survey and statistical analysis of the data,the paper researches on the characteristics of non-tuition input of college students who come from different specialties,analyzing the reasons of the major differences,and drawing some significant conclusions and enlightenments.


WALLER (1946) stated that breast feeding during the fist week of the puerperium was of great importance, and that many of the failures to maintain lactation to the end of the 6th month were due to long-continued over-distension of the breasts during the fitst week. He therefore devised special measures to be applied during the lying-in period. Residual milk was expressed manually by the mother after each feed. If the breasts were filling rapidly partial expression might be done before the feed or feeding made more frequent. If engorgement became more pronounced oestrogens sometimes were given temporarily. A method very similar to this socalled Woolwich regime has been the routine in the Swedish obstetric lying-in wards long before Waller's publication resulting in about 92 per cent full breast feeding at the time of discharge from hospital (Strom, 1948). The manual expression is, however, tiring for many patients and may cause breast infection if the patient's personal hygiene is poor. In order to determine whether routine expression of milk is as necessary for the maintenance of breast feeding as suggested, the following investigation has been carried out.


Presence and absence of expected radiation, occurrence of nuclear reactions having only one apparent product, and transmutation reactions involving addition of more than one deuteron all indicate involvement of large clusters of deuterons in the LENR process. These clusters are proposed to hide their Coulomb barrier and to react with isolated deuterons to produce fusion and to react with larger nuclei to produce transmutation. Members of the cluster not directly involved in the nuclear reaction might be scattered by the released energy, thereby allowing momentum to be conserved and the resulting energy to produce particles having energy too small to be easily detected or to cause easily detectable secondary reactions. Justification of this model is discussed. This proposed model is consistent with most observations, but raises additional questions about the nature of such super-clusters and other ways the energy may be communicated directly to the lattice that will be addressed in future papers.


Cool objects found in young star clusters in Orion and Perseus, such as those reported by M. R. Zapatero Osorio and colleagues in their research article (6 Oct., p. 103), have been described variously as "planetary mass objects," "isolated giant planets," "free-floating planets," and "superplanets" (1). The word "planet" has been invoked because the masses of these objects are apparently only about 5 to 10 times that of Jupiter. However, even if those masses are confirmed, we maintain that such bodies are better thought of as low-mass brown dwarfs, as they are not in orbit around stars.


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Given the strong evidence of the high prevalence of treatment-resistant and/or chronic affective disorders in the population and the impact that these conditions have on our services (not least in psychiatric out-patient clinics) a book on this topic is welcome. Each chapter


This entry describes the interlinking histories of video games and militarism in the United States. It contends that the history of video games is incomplete without an accounting of the role that defense interests play in the technological development and popularization of military-themed games. The piece introduces key concepts and titles worthy of scholarly attention.

Keywords:

digital culture;
military-entertainment complex;
video games;
wargames


This article summarises the preliminary findings of a qualitative exploratory study conducted through a series of eight group interviews with statutory sector social work care managers (SW/CMs). While managers may have moved on to the implementation of partnership, SW/CMs are still struggling with the implications of the purchaser/provider split. The article highlights issues that are problematic for SW/CMs and makes tentative suggestions to their line managers.


THE literature now contains a considerable amount of information regarding the clinical effects of Clomiphene (Clomid; MRL-41) and of human gonadotrophins of pituitary and urinary origin in patients suffering from infertility (Gemzell, 1964; Greenblatt and Mahesh, 1965; Kistner, 1965; Crooke etal., 1966; Johnson etal., 1966; Rabau et al., 1967). Recently combined therapy with Clomiphene and gonadotrophins has been employed in selected cases, and Kistner (1966) has described the results he has obtained with this form of treatment in a series of 20 amenorrhoeic women. The effect of Clomiphene alone or gonadotrophins alone on hormone excretion has been studied by various investigators (see Loraine and Bell, 1968 for review). There are, however, few published data comparing the findings when the two forms of treatment are given to the same subject. The purpose of this communication is to provide this information by describing the results obtained in a patient with secondary amenorrhoea treated in this way.


The paper presents atomisation measurements, semi-industrial scale experiments and computational fluid dynamics computations of heavy fuel oil combustion in a glass tank simulator. The study has demonstrated the pronounced effect of discrete fuel injection on NOX emissions in glass tank conditions. Injecting and dispersing the oil droplets into the recirculation zone appeared to be a very successful method for NOX emission reduction due to the delayed mixing between oil droplets and combustion air. The method takes advantage of both the high process temperatures and the strong recirculation zone of the glass tank system so that a substantial NOX emission reduction is achievable without excessive CO emissions.


Barrett, D. J. (2006). Strong communication skills a must for today's leaders. Handbook of Business Strategy, 7, 385-390. Campbell, C. P. (1998). Rhetorical ethos: A bridge between high-context and low-context cultures? In S. Niemeier, C. P. Campbell, & R. Dirven (Eds.), The cultural context in business communication (pp. 31-47). Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Kankaanranta, A. (2000). What makes the reader tick? Business professionals' reactions to firstyear business students' writing. In M. Charles & H. Kangasharju (Eds.), New orientations and developments: Business communication research and teaching working papers (pp. 153179). Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration. Kankaanranta, A. (2005). "Hej Seppo, could you pls comment on this!"—Internal email communication in lingua franca English in a multinational company. Retrieved October 2, 2006, from http://ebooks.jyu.fi/solki/9513923207.pdf Lesznyak, A. (2002). From chaos to the smallest common denominator: Topic management in English lingua franca communication. In K. Knapp & C. Meierkord (Eds.), Lingua franca communication (pp. 163-194). Frankfurt, Germany: Peter Lang. Louhiala-Salminen, L. (2002). The fly's perspective: Discourse in the daily routine of a business manager. English for Specific Purposes, 21, 211-231. Munter, M. (2006). Guide to managerial communication: Effective business writing and speaking. Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall. Rogers, P. S., & Rymer, J. (20001). Analytical tools to facilitate transitions into new writing contexts: A communicative perspective. Journal of Business Communication, 28, 112-152.


Filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) systems based on offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM), namely FBMC-OQAM, have been criticized for their inefficiency in the use of spectral resources, because of the long ramp-up and ramp-down tails at the beginning and the end of each data packet, respectively. We propose a novel method for shortening these tails. By appending a set of virtual (i.e., none data carrying) symbols to the beginning and the end of each packet, and clever selection of these symbols, we show that the ramp-up and ramp-down tails in the FBMC-OQAM can be suppressed to the extent that they are deemed negligible and thus may be ignored. This shortens the length of signal burst in each FBMC-OQAM packet and improves its spectral efficiency, viz., the same data is transmitted over a shorter period of time. We develop an optimization method that allows computation of virtual symbols for each data packet. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing methods, the proposed tail-shortening approach leads to superior out-of-band emissions performance and a much lower error vector magnitude for the demodulated symbols.


I must have been in third grade when the U.S. space shuttle Challenger exploded just 73 seconds after launch in 1986. I don't remember the images we saw on the TV that day, but thirty years later I can recall the room we were in with crystalline clarity. Cramped in a cold classroom in Colorado, kids, teachers, and staff all juggled coats and jostled for position that January morning. We'd been pulled in early from recess in the cold, hustled hurriedly together so that we could watch the big launch together. The clammy feel of still-wet snowsuits and an overabundance of coats, the position of the rolling TV cart just inside the door, on the right side of the chalkboard. The whispers of excited children alternately swaying in a perpetual dance with the shushes of the adults. We'd all been prepped ahead of time and the whole school was rallying behind this "historic first" for the space program: a teacher was going to get to go to space! Our hearts and hopes soared with Christa McAuliffe and the other astronauts—but mostly for Christa, the teacher turned astronaut—for those first 72 seconds. And then I just remember quiet. The most sudden shut-off of all the sounds in the world, the deepest and most profound silence I'd yet heard in my life. The quiet of a room full of adults who suddenly have no idea what they're supposed to be telling the children in their charge. A blip on the TV, a moment of smoke on the screen, and suddenly the world was forever changed. There were no words at hand for the adults in the room that day. I'm sure soothing platitudes were attempted, but on lifeless wings those vague reassurances fell so short that mostly nothing was said at all. The narrative was different now, and the language needed to adapt to this new narrative lagged behind. Hands were held, tears wiped, and hugs exchanged, but no one had words ready just yet. The whole rest of the day was blanketed in a silence as bracing as the cold outside. There have certainly been other earth-shattering events I've witnessed from afar, but this one stands out as the first moment I personally witnessed a


Objective To study the influencing factors and interventions of psychological status in children with percutaneous renal biopsy(PRB).Methods Two hundred and twenty-eight children were divided into control group and intervention group randomly.Before and after PRB,the screen for children Anxiety Related Emotional Disorder(SCARED),Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC),Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90) and basic intormations list were filled in by all 228 children with the help of their parents.Of the total 114 children in intervention group were increased psychological intervention before PRB.To evaluate the psychological status of patients,the differences in psychological changes between the control group and intervention group before and after renal biopsy were compared,then the factors that affect the psychology of patiens were analyzed.Results Before PRB(before psychological intervention),the scores of the SCARED in control group was(52.34±15.83) scores and intervention group was(50.73±14.97) scores,they were all higher than that of the domestic routine model [(39.94±12.55) scores].The SCARED total score decreased after talking and psychological intervention before PRB;the intervention group′s change of the SCARED scores between preoperative and after surgery was higher than that of the control group,but the DSRSC scores′ differences between groups(including control group and intervention group) and domestic routine model before and after PRB were not significant.The anxiety symptoms were significantly related to the children′s age,the place the family belonging to,and pa-rents′ educational background.The scores of sonatical change,anxiety,hostility and phobias were higher than domestic routine model before and after PRB,but the scores of anxiety,hostility and phobias were decreased after PRB than before.Anxiety,hostility and phobias,the intervention group′s score differences before and after PRB were higher than that in control group.Conclusions Before PRB,many factors are involved in children′s psychological status.Anxiety,hostility and phobias are commonly accompanied in children before PRB.Reasonable psychological interventions can decrease anxiety and phobias of children with PRB.


The morphological parameter of cell size has been extracted from static light-scatter patterns of single biological cells illuminated with a He-Ne laser. This was done using fabricated biological cell models. Once calibrated, size measurements can be performed on either biological cells or objects by Fourier transforming their light-scatter data.


The piece of investigation is carried out to study the water quality and suitability of Jaisamand Lake, Alwar for irrigation and drinking purpose. This study is done during 2015-16 to assess seasonal variations in the water of the lake by observing different physicochemical and microbiological parameters viz. temperature, pH, total hardness, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, free CO2, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, SPC, TCC, and FCC in different seasons of the year. Out of them DO, BOD, Free CO2, SPC, TCC and FCC were found to be very much greater than the amount recommended by WHO and ISI for drinking water. Some parameters viz. temperature, pH, Total hardness, and total dissolved solids were found within the optimal range. Hence, it can concluded that Jaisamand Lake is gradually tending towards eutrophication which leads to the lake water very unsafe for drinking, irrigation and fishery purposes and must use only after suitable treatment processes.


Hospital formulary is a list of drugs compiled by Tim Pharmacy and
Therapy (TFT) and agreed to by the medical staff as well as referring to the
national formulary, which are set and enforced by the leadership of the hospital.
Nonconformity prescription drugs may result in reduced quality of hospital
services and the cost of drugs used are not efficient. Minimum service standards
for prescribing conform with the formulary that is 100%. This study aims to
determine the percentage of adherence to the formulary drugs written in RSUI
Yakssi Gemolong in the period from January to March, 2016. This research is a non-experimental, descriptive. Data were collected
retrospectively is to observe and evaluate the prescription sheet drawn from the
sample outpatient prescription sheet in January 2016-March 2016. Sampling was
carried out at random sampling. Conformity measured by calculating the
percentage of the number of prescription accordance with formulary and the
number of all the prescriptions written by doctors for 3 months in the hospital.
Results showed the percentage of the conformity of general outpatient
with RSUI Yakssi Gemolong formulary in January 97,33 %, 96,79 %, in
February, and March 96,26 %. The average percentage of conformity general
outpatient prescription for 3 month of January 2016-March 2016 amounted 96,79
%.


ABSTRACT Paphiopedilum armeniacum is a rare and endangered lady's slipper orchid in China. It is distributed around the mid-elevations of the Nu Mountains in southwest China. Due to over-harvest, habitat loss, and degradation, wild populations of P. armeniacum has declined drastically. A combination of approaches involving biotechnology, habitat restoration, and interspecific relationship reconstruction was used to carry out the reintroduction of the species. Integrated conservation program for this species included in-situ protection, ex-situ conservation, and reintroduction, which helped to rebuild a harmonious relationship between local farmers and P. armeniacum. The sustainable utilization of native plant resources in poor areas can promote regional sustainable development which is compatible with species protection.


I share the concerns raised in Vogt's commentary, 'How Fast Should We Innovate?' Controlling the pace of technological change is one of the epochal challenges of this era, and I offer suggestions t...


The paper deals with the chemical composition and isotopes: carbon,hydrogen and oxygen of inclusions in metamorphites,migmatites and felsic veins from the metamorphic belts in central Jiangxi province.The results indicated that metamorphic fluids in them are characterized by multi-source and complex composition: immiscible water,carbon dioxide and organic matter,which cannot be mixed up with each other.The water mostly comes from ancient seawater and meteoric water,but a little from magma,while organic matter from ancient diagenic material.The majority of carbon dioxide comes from carbonate rocks while the minority from organic matter.All these fluids are drived to be active by tectogenesis.Then,they not only become the transporting medium of forming-ore material and take part in rebuilding the rocks,but also are the important source of migmatite,migma granite,felsic mineral and pegmatite fluid in the region.


Aqueous degreasing is being implemented at Boeing as one approach to the elimination of vapor degreasing operations. Vapor degreaser replacement work was initiated in 1987 and is presently an active, evolving program. Aqueous degreasing has been the initial focus of the program, due to simplicity and utility. Candidate aqueous degreasers have been evaluated for cleaning effectiveness, toxicity, corrosion effects, effects on subsequent processing, waste disposal, and manufacturing feasibility. The program results have been positive; process specification coverage for aqueous degreasing has been developed, and implementation of the process has started. Summary of the test program and results, and the current status of the program will be presented.


Summary Platelet plasma membranes were found to possess the disaccharide β--galactosyl(1−3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine which was measured by gas chromatography after release by alkaline borohydride treatment and desialylation. Immunological evidence using the specific lectins from Arachis hypogoea and Agaricus bisporus and an anti-T serum confirmed the presence of this disaccharide, the immunodominant group of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen). This receptor was only found after prior neuraminidase treatment indicating that it is normally a cryptic antigen, i.e. masked by sialic acid in the native membrane. Evidence for a second receptor with terminal N-acetylgalactosamine was obtained using the lectin from Helix pomatia. The binding of myxovirus and the lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA) and Canavalia ensiformis (Con A) to platelet membrane was also demonstrated. The implication of the T-antigen in elimination of the platelets and its role in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome is discussed.


This paper describes previous research on flowcharts and a series of controlled experiments to test the utility of detailed flowcharts as an aid to program composition, comprehension, debugging, and modification. No statistically significant difference between flowchart and nonflowchart groups has been shown, thereby calling into question the utility of detailed flowcharting. A program of further research is suggested.


Thorium as supplied fuel has good candidate for fuel material if it is converted into fissile material {sup 233}U which shows superior characteristics in the thermal region. The Shippingport reactor used {sup 233}U-Th fuel system, and the molten salt breeder reactor (MSBR) project showed that breeding is possible in a thermal spectrum. In the present study, feasibility of water cooled thorium breeder reactor is investigated. The key properties such as flux, {eta} value, criticality and breeding performances are evaluated for different moderator to fuel ratios (MFR) and burn-ups. The results show the feasibility of breeding for different MFR and burn-ups. The required {sup 233}U enrichment is about 2% - 9% as charge fuel. The lower MFR and the higher enrichment of {sup 233}U are preferable to improve the average burn-up; however the design feasible window is shrunk. This core shows the design feasible window especially in relation to MFR with negative void reactivity coefficient. (authors)


Objective
To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy via uncinate approach.

Methods
From January 2014 to June 2016, Clinical data of 76 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were analyzed retrospectively, including 36 patients in open group and 30 patients in LPD group according to surgical treatments. Statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS 22.0 software. Measurement data, such as intraoperative and postoperative indicators were expressed as(±s), and were examined by using independent t test. Count data such as postoperative complications were examined by chi square test and Fisher's exact probability method. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference.

Results
Pathological results showed that the R0 resection rate was 100% in both groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, ambulation time, the first eating time and length of hospital stay in the LPD group were better than those in the open group respectively(P 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of 3-year overall survival rate (26.67% vs. 36.67%) (χ2=3.014, P>0.05).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy via uncinate approach has advantages such as less bleeding, quick recovery and is safe and feasible.

Key words:
Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Laparoscope; Safety


e15563 Background: Although sorafenib has been reported to prolong survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognosis of those who did not respond to or are not candidate to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains poor. The aim of this outcome analysis is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) via a subcutaneously implanted injection port in the treatment of such patients.

METHODS
From the prospective cohot database of Outpatient Oncology Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, patients with HCC who had been treated with HAIC using low dose cisplatin and 5-FU (cisplatin 10mg and 5-FU 250mg for day 1-5, repeated serially for three or four weeks, then repeated once weekly) between October 2003 and December 2008 were searched for. All adverse events were assessed according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Survival analysis was performed by using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were assessed using Log-rank test.

RESULTS
Forty-one patients were identified. The indications of HAIC were: (1) the presence of portal vein tumor thrombus (20/41 cases, 49%), (2) failure to TAE (19/41, 46%) or (3) not candidate for TAE due to the presence of extrahepatic disease (2/41 case, 5%). One complete response and 7 partial responses were observed, overall response rate being 19.5% (95%CI, 7.4-31.6%). Median overall survival was 26.1 month (95%CI: 9.6-45.6). Commonly observed grade 3/4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (10 cases, 16.3%) and neutropenia (10 cases, 16.3%). There was a trend that fewer death occur in patients who responded to HAIC (1/8 cases, 12.5%) as compared to patients who did not (11/33, 33.3%), but log-rank test failed to detect a statistical significance (P=.145).

CONCLUSIONS
HAIC for patients with advanced HCC who are not candidate for TACE warrants randomized controlled trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


For the disrinct of economlg development level,rural-vrban diffrent and view of birth among diffrent place.We give out some inevitable questions in the work of villager autonomy.


Abstract : The research investigates the operational effectiveness of the facility assignments of the 4950th Test Wing Aircraft Maintenance Complex located at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, by analyzing the total distance traveled by the personnel of the Complex over a period of time. The frequency and distance of the interactions between activities in a given set of fixed facilities, and alternative activity locations were evaluated. The objective of the investigation was to determine if the activity-facility assignments could be varied to decrease the total distance traveled between the activities. The analysis uses a heuristic variation of the steepest-descent pairwise-interchange solution procedure for quadratic assignment problems and evaluated the activity assignments. The results of the investigation show that the location of the functional activities of the 4950th Test Wing Aircraft Maintenance Complex can be changed to decrease the total distance involved in their interaction.


Multiquantum-well lasers have been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) in the 'phosphorus-free' AlGaInAs/GaInAs system. For the first time, very low current densities were obtained: 940 A/cm2 for a 800 μm-long device at 1.58 μm. The structures used a quaternary alloy for the buffer layer and the quantum well barriers; the best result was obtained from a graded-index waveguide separateconfinement heterostructure.


industry in St Vincent and the Grenadines. A chapter that particularly engaged me was Hillebrand, on 'Ethical Dilemmas in Drug Research', who takes a rather formal line on seeking informed consent and being ethically sensitive. It appears to me that this field is very appropriate for the use of covert methodology, not journalistic sensationalism, and it would be fascinating to see what that rather controversial but creative methodology could bring to the analysis. What is noteworthy about the collection is the diverse range of contributions on the topic, so what you end up with is more nuanced historical, economic, cultural and political analysis. In particular, in-depth detail is provided about the colonial history of Caribbean society, which provides some explanation for its current situation. More philosophically, I agree with the drive of a harm reduction rather than criminalization approach, which is finding support in several other countries. The argument here is not a crude decriminalization one, but is a more sophisticated approach that affirms the importance of early intervention and after-care treatment. Something that could be developed, and which is not a fault of the book so much as an observation from my particular perspective, is more naturalistic ethnographies of drug cultures of the type that Marcus Day offers in his informative 'What's the Hook? Diary of a Drop-in Centre or Rehabilitation Before Abstinence' contribution and less policy-focused research. A diary on gang formation and organized crime, their control strategies, gun cultures and geographic distribution would be very useful, as would a similar slant on police culture and activities. Additionally, more work could be done on cross-cultural comparative studies, particularly among countries with similar drug cultures. The book should be well received by a broad social science audience and particularly those in social policy, criminology and addiction studies. Ultimately, the book is a useful, engaging and welcome contribution to drug research. Whether it is likely to aid the development of a more explicit harm reduction policy approach is yet to be seen. A follow-up analysis of these developments, including lessons learnt, diary vignettes and war stories, is obviously called for.


A wireless swing angles detection scheme for crane system based on micro-electro-mechanical systems( MEMS) is presented and realized. The system includes two sets of modules of MEMS-based attitude heading reference systems( AHRS) with wireless communication function. One set is installed on the crane body to measure attitude of crane base,and the other is with the hook to detect the attitude of payload. The swing angles of the payload can be calculated by calibrating the attitudes of the payload to the crane body,experimental modules integrates Zig Bee wireless communication into AHRS based on MEMS. Experimental results show the device can effectively realize swing angles effective measurement of crane system.


We introduce CALIMA-Star, a very rich Arabic morphological analyzer and generator that provides functional and form-based morphological features as well as built-in tokenization, phonological representation, lexical rationality and much more. This tool includes a fast engine that can be easily integrated into other systems, as well as an easy-to-use API and a web interface. CALIMA-Star also supports morphological reinflection. We evaluate CALIMA-Star against four commonly used analyzers for Arabic in terms of speed and morphological content.


I am the fortieth person to have given the Lionel Cohen lecture since 1953 when Professor Arthur Goodhart gave the first lecture in this series. The lecture was founded by, and in the name of one of British Jewry's most distinguished figures and the list of Lionel Cohen lecturers is illustrious indeed. It is a great honour to have been asked to join their company. For me it has an additional pleasure — my late father, Dr. Walter Zander, was closely involved in the establishment of the lecture and in its development for its first eighteen years. From 1944 to 1971 my father was Secretary of the British Friends of the Hebrew University and the annual event of the Lionel Cohen lecture and the subsequent "report back" dinner at Lincoln's Inn was a part of his work which he always enjoyed and regarded as of importance. I obviously regret that he did not live long enough to see his eldest son honoured in this way.


Amino groups were introduced onto a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) surface by applying 1,6-hexanediamine treatment. The effects of aminolysis time and 1,6-hexanediamine concentration on hydrophilicity of the treated PHBV were investigated using contact angle measurement. The occurrence of the aminolysis and the introduction of NH2 groups were verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ninhydrin method. By use of the NH2 groups as active sites, collagen was further immobilized on the aminolyzed PHBV (NH2-PHBV) membrane via a cross-linking agent, glutaraldehyde. The increase of nitrogen content and further decrease of water contact angle after immobilization of collagen suggested that the surfaces became more hydrophilic. Mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSc) cultured on untreated PHBV and treated PHBV films were evaluated by cell attachment, cell proliferation, and morphological observation under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The order of cytocompatibility is Coll-PHBV > NH2-PHBV > PHBV, indicating coll-PHBV was a promising material in future tissue-engineering application.


The resulting growth and population density also affects the use of existing space. This is evidenced by the process of land conversion that is so rapid due to urban activity is extended to the edge of the city. Bongan Village is a part of Tabanan District which is located on the strategic urban outskirts, so it has a good appeal to be a residential area or commercial area. With its strategic location it will certainly affect the agricultural land in Bongan Village whose land use conditions are shifting. Therefore, The purpose of this study is to identify the development of agriculture land conversion into non-agricultural land and analyze the socio-economic conditions of the community related to the conversion of agricultural land there. This study uses spatial analysis to calculate the area of land change and describe the socio-economic condition. Based on the results of the identification and tracking of secondary data of agricultural land area recently decreased every year even almost more than 1 Ha of agriculture land converted into residential land, public infrastructure and road infrastructure development. In 2013 the planting area of Bongan Village is 464 Ha while in 2014, 2015 planting area in Bongan Village of 232 Ha so it can be seen the decrease of agricultural land area in Bongan Village.


Pyogenic granuloma is a benign vascular tumour of the skin and mucous membranes. Usually it appears after a trauma, but its occurance after a burn lesion is rare. In this report, we present a case of pyogenic granuloma developed after a second degree flame burn and discuss the similar cases in the literature.
Keywords: pyogenic granuloma, flame burn


Foraging mute swans Cygnus olor can cause a substantial reduction of aquatic macrophyte biomass in chalk rivers in southern England. To reduce the adverse effects of this on ecology, hydrology and fisheries interests a river management strategy needs to be able to predict where and when grazing pressure will be greatest. To assess the suitability of mathematical modelling for this purpose, an individual-based model (IBM) was constructed and tested for swans grazing a 1.1km length of the River Frome and adjacent pasture land in Dorset, England. Comparison of predicted and observed data indicates that the model was good at estimating the number of swan days, macrophyte biomass depletion, swan feeding time and feeding patch use. The results indicate that IBMs used at the appropriate scale could help to reconcile river management conflicts involving swans.


The fetal ECG (fECG) provides a mean to monitor non-invasively the fetal heart activity. In this paper, an extended nonlinear Bayesian filtering framework for extracting electrocardiograms (ECGs) from a single channel as encountered in the fetal and maternal ECG extraction from abdominal sensor is presented. The recorded signals are modeled as the summation of several ECGs. Each of them is described by a nonlinear dynamic model, previously presented for the generation of a highly realistic synthetic ECG. A modified version of this model is used in several Bayesian filters, including the extended kalman filter, Extended Kalman smoother, and Unscented Kalman filter. Consequently, each ECG has a corresponding term in this model and can thus be efficiently discriminated even if the waves overlap in time. This framework is also validated on the extractions of fetal ECG and maternal ECG from actual abdominal recordings, as well as of actual twin magneto cardiograms. In this paper, maternal blood pressure is estimated based on kalman filtering using single channel recordings.


Face detection is the essential front end of any face recognition system, which locates and segregates face regions from cluttered images, either obtained from video or still image. It also has numerous applications in areas like surveillance and security control systems, content-based image retrieval, video conferencing and intelligent human-computer inter-faces. Most of the current face recognition systems presume that faces are readily available for processing. However, in reality, we do not get images with just faces. We need a system, which will detect, locate and segregate faces in cluttered images, so that these segregated faces can be given as input to face recognition systems. In this paper, we address the problem of face detection in still images by using skin color region extraction and adaptive template matching method.


. Attention is drawn to important systematic effects in the calibration procedure due to the accidental errors in the measured luminosity criteria. The present state of the luminosity calibrations in the M K system is reviewed with reference to recent work based on proper motions and radial velocities, and on trigonometric parallaxes, resulting in evidence for corrections of about — 0.4 mag. for the K0-K5, III stars. Brief reference is made to the developments with regard to the M V (K) system. The present report summarizes the principal elements of the review presented at the symposium.


This research was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt, during the three growing seasons of 2013 / 1 4, 2014 / 1 5 and 2015 / 1 6 to estimate genetic variance components and type of gene action controlling the inheritance of yield and its component characters, using six- population model. Genetic materials used in this study included six populations (P1 , P2 , F1 , F2 , BC1 and BC2 ) of the two bread wheat crosses (Sakha 95 X Giza171) and (Sakha 95 X Line 1). Results revealed that, the mean effects (m) were highly significant for all characters in both crosses, indicating that these characters are quantitatively inherited. Also, the relative importance of additive and dominance effects varied with characters and crosses. The most predominant type of epistasis was additive X dominance (ad) and dominance X dominance (dd) in most characters, proving that these characters were greatly affected by these types of gene action. Broad - sense heritability values were high for all studied characters in both crosses, while narrow sense heritability, their values were ranged from low to moderate for the two crosses. Based on the obtained results, both crosses could be useful in the breeding progra m to develop promising lines. However, heritability and expected genetic advance from selection were higher in magnitude in the first cross (Shaka 95 X Giza 171), indicating that this cross could be more useful in isolating new promising lines and hence development of new cultivar(s) having high yielding ability.


IMARES and RIKILT developed a training program for fisheries inspectors and private sector quality controllers in Vietnam, in close cooperation with the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation (EL&I) and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs (buza) and the Vietnamese fish inspection NAFIQAD. The training was held in the period 20-24 August 2012 in Nha Trang, Vietnam. The topics discussed in the training were: Risk Assessment, HACCP auditing and EU legislation & monitoring. In total 31 trainees followed the training. The training was positively evaluated by the participants, and characterised as 'very good and valuable', especially in relation to gaining more knowledge on the topic Risk Assessment. The training will on the longer term benefit to the export of safe seafood products to Europe, and enhance understanding between European and Vietnamese inspection services as well as cooperation in the case of emerging risk situations. This training was financed by the Ministry of EL&I, and was given by Joop van der Roest (RIKILT), Marnix Poelman and Rian Schelvis (IMARES).


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Yields of many of the new varieties were reduced as a consequence of drought, but preservative values were in general higher than in 1948; it has again been noted that commercial growths may often yield higher P.V. than growths of the same varieties grown at East Mailing. Cropping details are given of new varieties grown commercially (principally Brewer's Gold, Bullion and Early Promise), and the distribution is noted of sets of Verticillium-resistant varieties (Keyworth's Midseason and Keyworth's Early) for planting in infected gardens where the growth of Fuggles, etc., has become impossible. Brewing trials with the Verticillium-resistant variety OT53 have been successful.


Ultrasound‐guided interscalene brachial plexus block is described in a 7‐year‐old child with femur fibula ulna syndrome. It is suggested that ultrasound is a useful tool in situations where nerve stimulation for nerve localization cannot be used.


On demand PTB is performing calibrations of capillary viscometers. We can do measurements of the density and the viscosity of liquids in a wide temperature range. Before you are asking PTB, please check, if it is possible to do these calibrations and measurements at calibration laboratories accredited by Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (DAkkS) or by Deutscher Kalibrierdienst (DKD). The uncertainty offered by these institutes is sufficient for most of applications, but the costs are much lower than at PTB.


This text is my earnest response to the question posed to me: how do artists approach cultural diversity in relation to their work or arts practice?


As a result of the development of our literary creation project, we present the novel Camino de Cerro Gordo that includes three chapters distributed in 128 pages. The plot of the novel is about a literature professor who is accused of acts of corruption in the institution in which she works, which forces her to take a sabbatical year to give time for the charges against her to dissipate. During that year he stays in a residence in the middle of the forest, where he is subject to the erotic experience that is shown with all his wisdom. To theoretically support our project of erotic novel we try to define what we can understand by eroticism and distinguish it from associated concepts such as desire, pleasure, possession, obscenity, among others with which it is related as and perhaps the most important, the notion of death that associated with this phenomenon in particular acquires a significance different from any that we might have. Being our main concern, we try to deepen the relationship of Eros with the Scripture so we can explain the way in which Eros intervenes writing. Also, we were useful the observations that Denis de Rougemont makes in his Love and the West about how love passion or mortal love is the erotic and mystical material of the properly novelistic and how its treatment within the narrative is distinguished from the way in which that the impetus of passion is exalted in the Provencal lyric. We also consider the formal and properly novelistic resources as aesthetic values that make the novel a work of art. We try to carry out a primary distinction between pornography as a genre and the erotic novel in order to situate the erotic novel in a basic understanding of the genre that prevents us from confusing it with mere pornography.


A simple method is presented for converting an age distribution in any closed population into the stationary population corresponding to its current mortality conditions. The conversion only requires a set of age specific growth rates which are normally available from successive censuses. From the stationary population any life table mortality measure of interest can be computed. The index most robust to normal data errors in developing countries is life expectancy and the paper focuses on its calculation. The sensitivity of results to various forms of data error is considered and procedures are proposed for removing errors resulting from differential census coverage completeness and from age error at older ages. Applications of the procedure are made to data from Sweden India and South Korea. Due to the absence of a radix estimation of life expectancy usually begins at age 5. However a method is briefly described which provides the means to simultaneously estimate birth rates and life expectancy at birth. (authors)


It is generally recognized that patients with halitophobia must be treated with great care. When only told the results of breath care measurements, such patients tend to feelmisunderstood by the doctor. A 34-year-old female attended our hospital complaining of oral malodor. She had been worrying about her breath odor for about 5 years. She first noticed the malodor through the attitude of others, including touching of the nose and covering of the mouth. Her concern was reinforced by an offer of chewing gum from a friend. She had attended a breath clinic but had not overcome her anxiety about the malodor. She was worrying excessively about her breath odor and this was restricting her contact with others. She could not even ride a bus. At our breath clinic, we performed organoleptic measurement, a halimeter test and gas chromatography. We could not detect any measurable malodor but she could not accept those results and insisted that she had a strong malodor nonetheless. Instead of trying to make her accept the results, we simply told her that we understood her concern and anxiety about her malodor. We repeated these objective breath odor measurements and medical interviews and also explained, little by little, that she might be misinterpreting the attitude of others. She did, gradually, begin to accept both the results and our explanations. By the fifth visit, she was almost free of the anxiety and said that she could now ride the bus. The anxiety of this patient, who had been worrying about her malodor for a long period, disappeared during the course of repeated objective breath odor measurements and accepting, non-confrontational medical interviews.


The WLF approach is appropriate for lifetime predictions when polymer ageing is controlled by a viscoelastic process (relaxation, creep). This methodology using time/temperature shift will be illustrated by the creep of SBR/NR. When physico-chemical mechanisms are dominant, the Arrhenius approach is the most widely used for evaluating accelerated test results involving the effect of temperature. Service lifetimes have been estimated for the thermal ageing of NBR/PVC and for the ageing of HNBR in gaseous fluids. Predictions using the Arrhenius model usually do not take into account oxygen-diffusion-controlled oxidations. In the case of the thermal ageing of EPDM, extrapolations are determined by the heterogeneity of the oxidative ageing of bulk polymer samples.


Medical professionals need to be prepared to both treat and prevent childhood obesity (CO) and therefore need to understand the multifactorial causes and consequences of CO. In order to qualitatively determine medical students' views of CO, researchers conducted individual interviews with third and fourth year allopathic and osteopathic medical students across the nation. Researchers asked students to describe the term CO, explain the causes, consequences, prevention, and treatment of CO, and enumerate additional resources they might need to treat and prevent CO. Researchers asked students to give examples from their coursework and rotations. Transcript analysis revealed that students were not confident in educating patients to make dietary and lifestyle changes because this is not taught in medical school. Students who had more knowledge about CO were those who had or were pursuing an additional graduate degree, had volunteered with prevention programs, or had a personal interest in the subject. Many students felt that while they are learning about medical conditions and metabolic disorders, they are not learning the more practical knowledge they need to prevent and treat CO. Medical schools need to provide students both with information about CO and the more skills‐based knowledge to prevent and treat CO, whether through additional time allotted in medical school or through continuing education.


An insight is provided into the methodology applied to the CEPT GSM (Groupe Special Mobile) pan-European digital cellular mobile radio system. A description is given of how decisions and system requirements have shaped the specification methodology. The approach is based on proven practice used in other international specifications. The GSM has supplemented the practice with a comprehensive review procedure. The principal goal now is the complete validation of the mandatory interfaces. This activity will then form the final component of the GSM specification methodology.<<ETX>>


Electric Machinery course is an indispensable fundamental curriculum of electrical engineering specialty.With reduction of educational hours,optimization of the elaborate contents of this course is the key to raise the educational quality.Based on inherent physical nature of electric machines,some significant issues of optimizing curricular system are discussed in this paper in order to help undergraduate studentes build their own core competence,knowledge exploration and personality form.


Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serves a pleiotropic role in the central nervous system, ranging from promoting neuronal survival and differentiation during development and synaptic modulation in the adult. An important, yet unanswered question is how BDNF could serve such diverse functions, sometimes in the same cell. At least two modes of BDNF actions have been elucidated so far based on BDNF signaling kinetics and/or the activity status of the responding neurons. Acute and gradual increases in extracellular BDNF concentrations elicit, respectively, transient and sustained activation of TrkB receptor and its downstream signaling, leading to differential molecular and cellular functions. In cultured neurons, sustained TrkB activation promotes neuronal dendritic arborization and spinogenesis, whereas transient TrkB activation facilitates dendritic growth and spine morphogenesis. In hippocampal slices, slow delivery of BDNF facilitates LTP, whereas fast application of BDNF enhances basal synaptic transmission in schaffer collateral synapses. High‐frequency stimulation of neurons converts BDNF‐induced TrkB signaling from a transient to a sustained mode. These initial insights lay the foundation for future investigation of the BDNF‐TrkB pathway, and analogous signaling pathways to gain a comprehensive understanding to enable translational research. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 647–659, 2018


Introduction: Endometriosis, usually called as "cancer of the careerwoman", is being recognized as a "social disease" for its prevalence and its debilitating impact on young women, leading to a high socio-economic burden of the disease. It is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and is found in women of all ethnic and social groups. The prevalence has been reported around 10% of the general female population and up to 50% in women with pelvic pain or infertility. Aim of the Work: To assess the impact of endometriosis-related symptoms on work productivity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Egypt. Materials and Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was performed from December 2016 to July 2017 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics at Ain Shams University, anonymous questionnaires were administered individually to a total of 250 women with surgically diagnosed endometriosis. The questionnaires consisted of three sections: Patient Health Survey (SF-12), the Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-5), and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Survey (WPAI). Results: The study confirm that endometriosis has a significant negative impact on work productivity and HRQoL of affected women, leading to high economic burden and huge costs to society, the WPAI showed absenteeism 16% of work time. Presenteeism 44% impairment. Percent overall work impairment due to health: 15.6%. Percent activity impairment due to health: 51% of regular daily activities disturbed. Conclusion: Although endometriosis is not a life-threatening disease, this study confirmed that it can substantially affect women's work productivity and HRQOL. Thus, endometriosis can be both physically and emotionally debilitating. Therefore it is time to make serious investment in preventing this debilitating condition in the next generation of women improving the collective level of awareness of endometriosis, its detection, and its treatment.


The study uses data mining method to analyze the impact of mileage on the unqualified rate of vehicle emission inspection. The result of data mining shows that with the increase of mileage, the unqualified rate of commercial vehicles and noncommercial vehicles increased. Specifically, in the range of 0-200,000 km, the emission inspection unqualified rate of commercial vehicles is twice that of noncommercial. In the range of 200,000-600,000 km, the emission inspection unqualified rate of commercial vehicles is always higher than that of non-commercial vehicles. This result shows that mileage has a significant impact on vehicle emission status, and the unqualified rate of vehicle emission inspection is proportional to mileage mission inspection data.


The emergence of the fourth industrial revolution is perceived to have profound effects on many spheres of society. Such effects within the business environment are anticipated to be radical digitalised changes in the production process posing challenges for enterprises. Given the contribution of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) to the nation's development, these institutions are engulfed in challenges detrimental to their growth. Specifically, for a transforming economy such as South Africa, the article provides insight into the growth determinants, and various internal and external challenges facing SMMEs in readiness for the fourth industrial revolution (4IR). The article is a descriptive study and adopted a quantitative research approach. A sample of 155 was drawn from a target population of 264 using a disproportional-stratified sampling technique. The results of the study suggest varying degrees of effects of internal and external factors to the business environment with factors pointing at market share, investment in technology, high taxes, and high competition. The article concludes by suggesting shared business strengths for the growth of SMMEs. It provides insightful information on the state of SMMEs in South Africa and proposes a framework for policy makers aimed at repositioning SMMEs to tackle the anticipated challenges with the advent of the 4IR.


Future LHC accelerator luminosity upgrade will increase a beam losses heat deposition in the superconducting magnet coils. Main barrier of the heat evacuation from the coils made of Rutherford type cables is a cable electrical insulation. The insulation is made of polyimide tapes wrapped around the cable in a special configuration. Presently used insulation wrapping schemes constitute very good electrical insulation with relatively low heat transport ability. Therefore a new insulation wrapping schemes with enhanced helium permeability and adequate dielectric properties have been developed at CERN. An experimental comparative study of heat transfer perpendicular to the Rutherford type cable, for an old and new insulation wrapping schemes have been accomplished at Wroclaw University of Technology. The tests have been performed in pressurized superfluid helium conditions, and at 60 MPa of the sample applied external pressure simulating the Lorentz forces. This paper presents the measurements methodology and gives experimental results.


On the whole,the tourism in Guizhou Province lies in the initial stage of the market and industry.Limited by many bottlenecks of ideas,funds,markets and talents,its concept is backward on development and management of scenic spots,and its infrastructure and marketing lag behind market demand seriously.With rich tourism resources and famous scenic spots,Guizhou Province need realize great development of tourism and maximum value of tourism resource through deepening development and opening-up,especially needing change its thinking pattern and business idea,expanding cooperation and alliance with the developed areas along the southeast coast,and introducing foreign capital to enhance the level of tourism market and industry.


In the field of cranes, the double pendulum effects may occur when the payload is large, and the hook mass is a non-negligible factor. Under these effects, the dynamic model of the system will be more complex, which brings many difficulties to the design of the controller. To achieve trolley positioning, suppress double pendulum effects, and improve anti-disturbances ability, this article presents a hierarchical backstepping fast terminal sliding mode control strategy for the double pendulum cranes. First, to design the observers and controller, the double pendulum crane system is divided into three subsystems. A generalized proportional integral observer (GPIO) is designed for each subsystem, which can estimate potential model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances of the system. According to the estimates of the GPIO, we design a first layer fast terminal sliding surface for each subsystem, and equivalent control law is designed using the idea of backstepping. Meanwhile, using the advantages of backstepping control makes the structure of the system more clear and brings convenience to the design of the Lyapunov function. Based on the first layer of sliding surfaces, we design a second layer sliding surface. Then, an ultimate control law is designed to ensure the stability of the entire system. In the end, the effectiveness of this control strategy is validated through simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink.


In the context of the additive multi-criteria value model, this paper investigates how the set of criteria weights (weight-set hereafter) can be determined according to the preference orders of alternatives given by the decision maker. A construction method is proposed for the weight-set for different intervals of β, where β is a differential amount of value between the preference information on two alternatives. The results of this paper are important for sensitivity analysis in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problems and multi-criteria group decision analysis. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This research determines the quality of the water in Bejucoriver by physical - chemical and microbiological indicators interrelated with the water quality index WQI and TULSMA to establish agricultural and domestic uses in dry and rainy seasons. It established three sampling stations including two points in each season and making two replicas in the dry and rainy seasons at each sampling point, in which analyzes physical, chemical and microbiological conditions, most of the results are within the maximum permissible limits of water for agricultural and domestic uses according to TULSMA. This followed the protocols established in Standard Methods, interrelated with the methodology of WQI. According to the range established was within 50-69 in the classification of water quality. Depending on its use as a general criterion is slightly contaminated, for public supply needs treatment, for recreation is acceptable but not recommended, for fishing and aquatic life is doubtful for sensitive species and for industrial and agricultural uses can be used untreated. Human activities that take place in its surroundings do not increased the incidence of contamination. We conclude that there is still a good way for aquatic life and the water in Bejucoriver can be used for any activity that is required.


There are numerous criteria that cover a wide range of concerns that could be used to evaluate the relative importance of rail station rehabilitation needs among the many stations of a large commuter rail network. Consideration of policy factors and other elements of the economic and political environment inherent to New Jersey allowed the selection of a smaller and simpler set of priority factors, such as degree of unsatisfactory conditions, level of ridership, degree of community interest, potential for ridership growth, and potential for urban redevelopment. Application of these factors yielded a priority ranking for each station of the New Jersey commuter rail system, which facilitated the programming of a statewide multiyear station-modernization project in an equitable manner.


Based on the service-chain model,the paper proposes a new model of the hospital service-benefit chain.within which,the supply of the good service inside andoutside of the hospital,loyalty of the patients and efficiency of the staff should be paid more attention so as to help the managers improve the benefit of the hospital.Therefore,the paper is going to discuss patient satisfaction,practicing ability and patient delivered value and build up an integrated hospital service-benefit chain and come true service-strategy.


This article proposes a new approach for secure communications Device-to-Device (D2D) if unable to apply network coding transmissions within LTE small cells. Our new algorithm called Secure Load Balancing Selective Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (LBS-AOMDV) is based on a multipath coded information transmissions, Data Splitting and Data Shuffling schemes. The objective of this study is to reduce the impact of confidentiality attack within Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) by preventing eavesdroppers to obtain significant information from those transmitted by legal users, while ensuring a high level of quality of Service (QoS) for transmitted traffic. The simulation results show that Secure LBS-AOMDV increases the level of security in the wireless network compared to the LBS-AOMDV approach without adding traffic control.


Art and education are human dimensions "per se", so the dialog between them has always existed. There has always existed an artistic dimension and an educational, transcendent dimension in the human. The problem resides in the hegemonic scission in the experiential-artistic life through denial, repression, disdain or persecution. What is the reason for all this? First of all, I propose to endow the investigation with some tragic wisdom, considering that singularity can only be built on top of abysses, with no warranties, out of ignorance and the not-being; from the impertinence (not pertinence) of events. Second, I propose the inclusion of corporality as part of the transfiguring process through dreams, fears, apprehensions, and contacts, overcoming the first epistemological obstacle that supposes, in our culture, the absence of the body – part deportation, part exile – in the scientific and educational thoughts.


Human rights are a combination of natural rights that are universal, belong to every human being, and have been affixed to a person from birth as a direct gift or gift from God Almighty. Human rights must be upheld by every person, state, government, and law, especially in the context of the rule of law, which has become a characteristic of the rule of law in order to ensure the protection of human rights that have been enshrined in the constitutions and national laws of all legal states. Because, in a state of law, it highlights the existence of equality and equality before the law, without exception. As a result, the writing of this article is intended to see and deepen the phenomenon of human rights protection in the notion that leads to a rule of law, particularly in Indonesia, which is one of the world's rules of law countries. In order to obtain results and conclusions from the formulation of the problem, this article was created utilizing descriptive methods and data collecting through literature study.


In this paper it is shown how parametric dynamic compact thermal models can be exploited for the calibration of detailed thermal models of electronic components and packages. A constrained least square fit of the thermal response of a parametric dynamic compact thermal model, having as parameters the material thermal properties and geometrical details to be calibrated, onto the measured temperature response is performed. Numerical results show that the use of parametric dynamic compact thermal models instead of detailed compact thermal models, in conjunction with an optimization algorithm solving the constrained least square problem, can reduce the computational time for calibration by more than two orders of magnitude.


History. —A woman, aged 23, whose family history is unimportant, had had diphtheria, scarlet fever, and complicating nephritis in childhood; also sore throat a few times later on. As she grew up and went through school, her health was considered good. About eight years ago, she came under my observation through her mother, who was not satisfied with her frequently "feeling tired," and her worried appearance. An altered mitral first sound, coupled with her past history, suggested the possibility of a developing mitral stenosis. It did not permit her to finish school, and she rested during a long period of time. Gradually, definite cardiac signs of a mitral stenosis developed. In appearance, however, she improved; she gained some weight, went dancing, and assisted her father in his office. About two years ago, a mild attack of appendicitis laid her up for a week. She had apppendicular pains since on several


ABSTRACT The multi-frame images taken by the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in the complex flight environment will be easily affected by the jitter, noise and exposure, which result in the decline of detection rate of the interested regional target. Considering this problem, a super-resolution reconstruction algorithm for aerial multi-frame images of UAV is proposed by using multi-scale non-local dictionary training method based on compressive sensing. Experimental results prove the validity and accuracy of the proposed algorithm.


Different types of nonionic, water-soluble polymers and macromonomers are investigated as emulsion stabilizers in the batch emulsion polymerization of styrene. A power law dependence of the rate of polymerization vs. stabilizer concentration is observed, in formal accordance to Smith-Ewart kinetics. For water-soluble polymers, exponents in the range of 0,6 are found which are close to that of the reference anionic surfactant (0,67). The differences are mainly attributed to the larger initial particle size which is accompanied by secondary agglomeration during polymerization. Several reasons for this agglomeration are discussed which have their origin in the solution and adsorption properties of the water-soluble polymers. Compared to the non-functional polymers some macromonomers show a similar kinetic behavior with exponents in the range of 0,4 to 0,5, while others give very small values. These differences strongly depend on the molecular structure of the macromonomers. They are in particular attributed to enhanced homopolymerization as well as solubility in monomer and polymer. No secondary agglomeration takes place when using macromonomers as emulsion stabilizers. This is due to the enhanced colloidal stability because of the defined bonding of the macromonomers to the latex particle surface as compared to the more random grafting of the non-functional water-soluble polymers.


New developments in nanoelectronics are promising a new generation of computing, which has greater focus on device capabilities. Further to many applications of memristors in artificial intelligence or artificial biological systems, they enable reconfigurable nanoelectronics and also provide new paradigms in application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Providing a significant reduction in area and an unprecedented memory capacity and device density are the potential features memristors for Integrated Circuits (IC). This work reviews the memristor and its characteristics and provides a SPICE macro-model of the memristors which helps us to develop models for the SPICE based circuit analysis tools like HSpice and Spectre. An insight into the memristor device recalling the quasi-static expansion of Maxwell's equations and a review on Chua's argumentation about the memristor through the electromagnetic theory are also given.


X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the adsorption of gold cyanide on carbon in the presence or absence of electrolytes and acids proceeds by the same mechanism. Although the identity of the gold cyanide adsorbate is not known, the mechanism appears to have an initial adsorption stage that involves the adsorption of an ion pair: Mn+[Au(CN).Jn' where Mn+ is a metal ion (for example Na+, K+ and CaH) that has a lower solubility than the Au(CN). anion in the adsorption medium, followed by a reductio:'! step in which either a sub-stoichiometric Au(CN)x surface species or a cluster-type compound of gold is formed.


Background: Background: The phenomenon of cancer-induced fatigue is one of the research hotspots at this stage in the field of foreign tumors, but the understanding and attention of this symptom in china leukemia field is not enough, which is not conducive to the provision of high-quality care for leukemia patients. Aims: Aims: To investigate the implementation method of targeted nursing intervention program and its application value in the care of chemotherapy patients with leukemia. Methods: Methods: The 100 leukemia chemotherapy patients admitted to our hospital from January to December 2021 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group of 50 cases each, and the observation group implemented routine nursing intervention and the control group targeted nursing intervention. Before and after nursing interventions, the Cancer Fatigue Scale (CFS) was used to evaluate the state of cancer-induced fatigue, and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to evaluate the state of mental health. Results: Results: After the intervention, the CFS scale score of patients in the control group was lower than that in the observation group (P<0.05), and the HAMD score and HAMA score were lower than those in the observation group (P<0.05). Summary/Conclusion: Summary/Conclusion: The implementation of targeted nursing interventions in the clinical care of chemotherapy patients with leukemia can effectively improve the patient's cancer-induced fatigue state and negative psychology.


This paper presents a novel approach to organizational effectiveness that challenges the static hierarchies predominant in traditional institutional frameworks. Human-Service Ecosystems (HSEs) represent individuals and the technologies they use to achieve goals within an organization. However, in situations involving complex dynamics, such as emergency response, organizations are often ineffective at achieving these goals. This ineffectiveness has been attributed, among other things, to the organization's underlying structure, as static hierarchies are ill-suited to addressing the dynamics of an unfolding situation, and to individuals' cognitive limitations. By improving human-machine effectiveness, while simultaneously improving the interaction between individuals, operationally-networked organizations can synergistically emerge through dynamic social structures supported by dynamic information systems. This paper proposes a new approach, NEXUS, which leads to the design of such an information system (based on the concept of HSE), capable of supporting both the dynamics necessary to match situational complexity, and the formal and informal social structures present within organizations.


With the popularity of multimedia communication applications over smart mobile devices, the power consumption mitigation issue becomes increasingly important. However there is little insight that comes from iOS software app developers towards designing power-friendly wireless multimedia communication apps, due to the fact that measuring power consumption of a given multimedia app typically requires costly third party hardware. In this work we address this problem by developing a power monitoring app tool iBtryMntr that is designed for developers to monitor the power consumption of a multimedia app for any scenario. We also conduct a comprehensive experimental measurement study of various multimedia apps with respect to their power consumption and network traffic patterns in iOS systems, and come up with interesting observations with respect to the interactions between them. We provide several insightful observations to iOS app developers which could help them closely work with low level features like network traffic patterns and calibrate their multimedia communication app for maximum power saving benefits.


The study aims to investigate how service quality contributes to passenger loyalty in LCA Indonesia, considering satisfaction and trust. A survey was conducted with 400 respondents who used LCA services for domestic flights at Sultan Hasanuddin Airport in Makassar between 2021 and May 2022. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that service quality, passenger satisfaction, and trust are crucial in shaping loyalty. Satisfying services have the potential to foster trust, leading to passenger loyalty. Satisfaction and trust act as effective mediators of service quality and passenger loyalty. The findings highlight the importance of delivering high-quality services that meet passenger expectations and generate satisfaction. LCA Indonesia can build trust and establish a loyal customer base by exceeding customer expectations. Service quality is vital for providing positive experiences to passengers. Understanding the mediating roles of satisfaction and trust is also key. LCA Indonesia can enhance passenger loyalty by prioritizing service quality, improving satisfaction levels, and building trust among passengers. Addressing these factors strengthens the airline's competitive position and ensures long-term customer loyalty in a highly competitive market.


The effects of seven alternative oils on final product quality and production cost were assessed in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The tested oils were as follows: monola (a high oleic acid canola cultivar; MO), canola (rapeseed; CO), poultry by-product (chicken fat; PbPO), palm (PO), sunflower (SFO), high oleic acid sunflower (HOSFO) and soybean (SBO). Tested oils were included at a 75% substitution level of fish oil and were compared with a control diet containing 100% fish oil (FO). Fillets of trout fed FO contained a 2.8-fold higher amount of EPA + DHA in comparison with fish fed the alternative oils, whilst the n-6/n-3 ratios varied from 0.2 in FO to 3.67 in SFO. Fillet pigmentation was highly affected by the different dietary treatments, as was the refrigerated product shelf-life. Fillets of trout fed FO recorded significantly higher lipid peroxidation at days 6 and 9 of refrigeration compared with the other treatments. The fillet flavour volatile compounds were significantly affected by the treatments, but no differences were detected by the panellists in the sensorial analysis. A discrepancy between production costs at 'feed mill' or 'on-farm' was recorded, suggesting that FO replacement may result in no real economic benefit.


This paper provides background material for the panel discussion on Georgia water policy and new legislation. The first statement is by Michelle Fried, who initiated this panel, and includes a table on the proposed "Georgia's Water Bill of Rights." The second background item consists of remarks prepared for Governor Roy Barrie' presentation on February 5, 2001, along with two summary statements for his proposed Water Planning Study Committee and proposed Metropolitan North Georgia Water District. Background papers from other panelists are included separately in this proceedings; see individual papers by Joseph Dellapeima, Jim Kundell, Stephen Draper, Pat Stevens, and Kevin Green. Two additional related papers are by Susan Richardson and by Maggie Kelly. Panelists: • Julie Mayfield, Turner Environmental Law Clinic, Emory University • Stephen Draper, The Draper Group, Atlanta • Joseph Dellapenna, Villanova Law School • Kevin Green, Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce • Harold Reheis, Director, Georgia Environmental Protection Division • Jim Kundell, Institute of Government, The University of Georgia • Sally Bethea, Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper • Pat Stevens, Chief of Environmental Planning Division, Atlanta Regional Commission • Representative of downstream, south Georgia interests Background Item #1: A GREEN PERSPECTIVE ON THE 2001 GENERAL ASSEMBLY by Michelle Fried, Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper The 2001 legislative session of the Georgia General Assembly was marked by numerous water-related initiatives, ranging from major changes in State water planning and policy to an effort mounted by specialinterest groups to replace environmental representatives on the Department of Natural Resources Board. These and other bills, and their status as of the time of this writing, are summarized below: Senate Resolution 85 (House Resolution 28) The Water BM of Rights The Water Bill of Rights ("WBOR") is a vision statement of how Georgians expect their government officials to manage the waters of this State. It started as an initiative of the conservation community, led initially by Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper and Georgia Wildlife Federation, to develop a basic statement of principles to be supported by as many diverse groups as possible throughout the state and for use by decision-makers and officials at all levels to develop more specific water policies, laws and regulations. To date, more than 1.5 million Georgians have signed onto the WBOR as individuals or members of endorsing organizations or local governments. See www.GeorgiaWaterRights.net (Table 1). Representative Dubose Porter introduced the WBOR as a resolution in the State House on January 11, 2001 with 19 co-sponsors. Senator Charles Walker introduced an identical version of the resolution in the Senate, with Senators Hooks, Johnson, Fort Harbison and Brown as cosponsors. The Georgia Chamber of Commerce and other business interests (primarily the pulp and paper, textile, and mining industries, utilities, and farming interests) have actively lobbied against the WBOR. These opponents dislike the WBOR for various reasons, including their belief that the WBOR encourages citizen suits and has an "anti-business" tone. In response to the opposition's concerns, the conservation community made a dozen revisions to the WBOR in an effort to accommodate their concerns and win broader support for this popular initiative. In the end, however, the two primary sticking points for the Chamber's lawyers and lobbyists became evident—the statement that Georgians should expect "full, timely and equitable" enforcement of clean water laws, and the statement that the waters of Georgia belong to the people with the state serving as the public's trustee, thereby discouraging the buying and selling of water). The original version of the WBOR resolution is currently buried in a House Subcommittee. On March 6, 2001, the Senate voted to table a Committee Substitute passed unanimously by the Senate Natural Resources Committee and fully supported by the conservation community. The conservation community will continue to lobby for passage of the WBOR this year and next, if necessary. Senate Bill 286 Public Right to Know Senator Charles Walker introduced Senate bill 286 in an effort to bring more information about the state of Georgia's waters to the public. This bill would require the State to develop guidelines for the acceptance of qualityassured/quality-controlled stream monitoring data taken by citizens and others and disclosure of other important water data such as salinity levels in coastal waters. Last year, conservation groups lobbied for the passage of a similar bill, S.B. 473, that also included a provision to require point source discharges to label their pipes with emergency contact numbers. Because of strong opposition from industry lobbyists (fearing more citizen lawsuits, bad press, costs and the "unattractiveness" of signs), this pipe labeling provision was removed from the bill this year to give the bill's other important provisions a better chance of being passed. Unfortunately, the Senate Natural Resources Committee did not pass S.B. 286 out of committee in time to make it through both houses this year as its own bill, although its provisions may appear attached to another bill. Senate Bill 130 The Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District S.B. 130, Governor Barnes' water bill, creates the Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District. The bill is based largely on the recommendations of the Clean Water Initiative ("CWI"), a group of business, local government and a few environmental leaders that met throughout last summer and fall to develop solutions to metro Atlanta's water crisis. The CWI and SB 130 were born out of the current water quality and water supply crisis faced by metro Atlanta. Unfortunately, SB 130 will not solve our problems, but instead creates yet another layer of confusing government with no funding, a narrowly focused and biased governance structure and little authority to implement the plans it is directed to develop. Basically, the District would be charged with developing plans to govern the District areas' management of wastewater, storm water and water supply. The District area, as it is defined in the bill, would initially include only 18 of the metro Atlanta counties (the counties currently governed by the Atlanta Regional Commission ("ARC") plus eight additional counties) and unwisely leaves out the counties in the headwaters of Lake Lanier and Lake Allatoona. To add insult to injury, SB 130 creates a governing board for the District made up largely, if not entirely, of local government officials. Legislators representing areas outside of the ARC counties are skeptical about H.B. 130, concerned that their constituents will lose out in the rush to help Atlanta. S.B. 130 sailed through the Senate with little opposition. At this point, several groups in the conservation coalition are lobbying house members to amend the Governor's bill to support our key concepts, including watershed-based plans developed by stakeholders from throughout the watershed, a diverse District Board—not one whose majority is appointed by the ARC Board, and a mechanism for stakeholders throughout the affected river basins to have a real voice in the process. A related piece of legislation, Senate Resolution 142, creates a committee to study statewide water policy and planning issues. The original version of the resolution has been amended at the urgings of the environmental community to include more diverse representation on the committee. The committee must present its recommendations by September 2002. House Bill 33 Department of Natural Resources Board ("DNR Board") Qualifications Introduced by the House Leadership (Coleman, Walker, Hanner), H.B. 33 would require the Governor to fill two of the existing four at-large seats on the DNR Board with representatives from the agricultural community. (There are currently no qualifications for other Board seats other than geographical.) Interestingly, the first position under attack would be that of former Lt. Gov. Pierre Howard, whose term is currently up in 2002 and could not be re-appointed under the proposed conditions. Although this bill has been amended, ostensibly in an effort to protect Mr. Howard, it still represents bad state policy and we hope that the Governor will veto it. Table 1. Georgia's Water Bill of Rights The quantity, quality, and reliability of Georgia waters shall be preserved so that the human use of water does not compromise the long-term sustainability of aquatic and associated ecosystems. All Georgians are responsible for the integrity of state waters, and the costs of providing and protecting these resources must be fairly allocated among


The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle has caused by the substantial disagreement about the interpretation of the saving-retention coefficient. Baxter and Crucini (1993) propose a general equilibrium model to show that the investment-saving correlation will be large when the country-size, measured by GNP, is large. This paper evaluates this argument by examining the threshold effect of country-size on the saving-retention coefficients. Evidence from a panel of 24 OECD countries confirms this hypothesis.


Objective
To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics and the prognosis of the invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of breast cancer.

Methods
The clinical pathological characteristics of 47 IMPC patients treated in the Second Hospital of Jilin University from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. A long term survival has been followed.

Results
47 IMPC patients were all female. The median age was 56 (34-76) years old. The median diameter of the tumor was 1.9 (0.8-7.0) cm. The rate of axillary lymph node metastasis was 66.7% (30/44) , the median number of axillary lymph node metastasis was 9.5 (1-55) , and the metastasis number of 1 to 3 accounted for 43.3% (13/30) , the metastasis number of 4 to 9 accounted for 6.7% (2/30) , and the metastasis number more than 10 accounted for 50% (15/30) . The lymphatic invasion rate was 40.2% (39/97) , and the skin and (or) the nipple invasion rate was 15.6% (7/45) . The positive rate of ER, PR, HER2, E-Cadherin was 95.7% (44/46) , 91.3% (42/46) , 10.5% (4/38) , 100% (40/40) , respectively. The tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 was 1%-80%, and 78.3% patients' tumor cell growth index marked by Ki-67 were more than 20%.

Conclusions
IMPC is a relatively rare special type of breast cancer, which typically occurs at middle-aged and old female. The expression of ER, PR, E-Cadherin is high and the expression of HER2 is low. It has strong ability and high positive rate of lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and poor prognosis.

Key words:
Breast cancer; Invasive micropapillary carcinoma; Clinical pathological characteristics; Lymph node metastasis


The joint effects of Coulomb collisions and the dynamic stochastization of trajectories cause a significant loss of banana-orbit particles with energies approx.100 keV. This loss imposes an upper limit deltaapprox.0.3% on the ripple during injection.