✓ Modifications in the operative technique for removing bone dowels from the iliac crest for anterior cervical interbody fusion are described. The technique has been successful in alleviating hip pain following graft removal.


Educational trails are a traditional tool to bring local attractions closer to the visitor of the area. However, educational trails are currently changing concepts. The classic model of whiteboards with text and images no longer works - visitors do not want to read long texts. They require interactivity and a sophisticated visual experience. With the development of modern communication technologies, there is an opportunity to meet these expectations by connecting educational content with a virtual environment. The article aims to present several different types of virtual nature trails in Czechia and assess the strengths and weaknesses of their implementation from visitors' perspective. The input data are data from evaluation questionnaires from guided excursions, a substantial part of which were these educational trails; the method used is content analysis. The main findings include that visitors accept these new forms of nature trails mostly positively. Negative reactions were more of a practical nature when something did not work as it should. In addition, creating and maintaining a virtual nature trail can be significantly cheaper than its physical form, which is an advantage in rural regions where local governments do not have large budgets. The author of this article is also a co-author of one of the assessed paths; therefore, practical advice regarding the implementation of virtual educational paths is also discussed.


Current educational technology makes it possible to provide for individual differences in learning as never before. Since the introduction of branching programs for simple teaching machines (Crowder, 1960), individualized speed-sequence-content information (based on student entering behaviors and ongoing performance) is now easily incorporated into classroom instruction through the continual data processing/program modification of computerized systems. (See, for example, Suppes and Morningstar, 1969). However, despite well-founded pleas that individual abilities be given greater regard in the context of human learning (Cronbach,


Conformal array antennas will find their potential and promising applications in a variety of fields ranging from space-borne, airborne, ship-borne, and missile-borne radar, space vehicles and wireless communications to sonar, etc. However, Due to the variable curvature of the platform, two most serious challenges faced in the pattern synthesis of conformal array antenna are the different orientations of elements and the serious cross-polarization.


Abstract— In this paper high-speed hardware architectures of point multiplication based on Montgomery ladder algorithm for binary Edwards and generalized Hessian curves in Gaussian normal basis are presented. Computations of the point addition and point doubling in the proposed architecture are concurrently performed by pipelined digitserial finite field multipliers. The multipliers in parallel form are scheduled for lower number of clock cycles. The structure of proposed digit-serial Gaussian normal basis multiplier is constructed based on regular and low-cost modules of exponentiation by powers of two and multiplication by normal elements. Therefore, the structures are area efficient and have low critical path delay. Implementation results of the proposed architectures on Virtex-5 XC5VLX110 FPGA show that then execution time of the point multiplication for binary Edwards and generalized Hessian curves over GF(2) and GF(2) are 8.62μs and 11.03μs respectively. The proposed architectures have high-performance and high-speed compared to other works.


Abstract Shrubs are an important source of food for domestic livestock and wildlife in semiarid areas. This is particularly true during dry periods when forage from natural pastures is scarce and its quality is low. Cytisus multiflorus is a leguminous shrub which is endemic to the Northwestern Iberian peninsula. This species occurs in poor soils and in degraded or marginal areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine quality attributes of Cytisus multiflorus as a forage feed. NIRS calibrations were developed for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, ash, and organic dry matter digestibility (OMD). The sample population used included different plant parts and plants of different ages, and was collected in the Spanish province of Salamanca. Calibration models were accurate for the prediction of crude protein (r 2 = 0.99; Standard error of prediction (SEP) = 3.8 g kg−1), OMD (r 2 = 0.98; SEP = 15.7 g kg−1), NDF (r 2 = 0.98; SEP = 13.3 g kg−1), ADF (r 2 = 0.94; SEP = 19.1 g kg−1), cellulose (r 2 = 0.96; SEP = 12.2 g kg−1), and ash (r 2 = 0.91; SEP = 1.1 g kg−1). The results of the lignin and hemicellulose calibrations had lower accuracy (r 2 = 0.76; SEP = 7.0 g kg−1 for lignin and r 2 = 0.88; SEP = 13.6 g kg−1 for hemicellulose). The results showed that NIR spectroscopy can be used for the rapid and accurate prediction of quality attributes in samples of the mediterranean shrub Cytisus multiflorus.


We discuss an approach for studying the properties of mesoscopic systems, where discrete and continuum parts of the spectrum are equally important. The approach can be applied (i) to stable heavy nuclei and complex atoms near the continuum threshold, (ii) to nuclei far from the region of nuclear stability, both of the regions being of great current interest, and (iii) to mesoscopic devices with interacting electrons. The goal is to develop a new consistent version of the continuum shell model that simultaneously takes into account strong interaction between fermions and coupling to the continuum. Main attention is paid to the formation of compound resonances, their statistical properties, and correlations of the cross sections. We study the Ericson fluctuations of overlapping resonances and show that the continuum shell model nicely describes universal properties of the conductance fluctuations.


Introduction: Osteoporosis affects a substantial proportion of patients with chronic liver disease. Pathologic fracture in osteoporosis significantly affects quality of life and life expectancy. By some estimates, 40% of patients with chronic liver disease may experience osteoporotic fracture. In this study we review the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of specific liver disease entities and their relation to osteoporosis Method: Inclusion criteria: All Chronic liver disease patients with Child A, Child B, Child C and within age group - Males and Females >21 years till menopause or 65 years. Exclusion criteria: All patients with Haemodynamically Unstable; Age less than 21 years; Female with menopause (After cessation of menstruation >1 year); Patients with other medical disorders causing osteoporosis; Males and females age >65 years. All patients included in the study were subjected to bone mineral density measurement of hip joint by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) (Osteopromax of M-tec company Results: Conclusion: We concluded that low BMD is highly prevalent in patients with CLD of variable aetiologies. Causes may be multifactorial. Early screening of osteoporosis in patients with liver cirrhosis will reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.


Polyethylenefuranoate, a suitable alternative for polyethylene terephthalate, can be synthesized from biomass‐derived 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is obtained via the selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over noble or non‐noble metal oxide catalysts. However, the FDCA yields using non‐noble metal catalysts can be improved. Hence, in this study, we developed a series of Co‐ and Cu‐embedded melamine sponge (MS)‐derived carbon catalysts (xCo‐Cu/MS) for HMF oxidation, wherein Co and Cu oxides with different Co : Cu ratios were embedded in carbonized MS. The metals were adsorbed on the MS, followed by carbonization. This strategy allowed the uniform distribution of metal clusters in the carbon texture, which enhanced the catalytic activity for HMF conversion and improved the FDCA yield. The good distribution and small crystal size of Co3O4 significantly increased the active surface area, enhancing the catalytic activity. Compared to Co‐Cu/MS catalysts, the 4Co‐Cu/activated carbon catalyst synthesized via impregnation afforded the maximum FDCA yield (93 %) with 100 % HMF conversion at 170 °C and 7 h. Moreover, oxidative regeneration using H2O2 proved to be the best regeneration method for the MS catalysts, with only a 5 % decrease in the FDCA yield after three cycles.


Thrombomodulin displays anticoagulant properties through thrombin binding and protein C activation. In close relatives who had a history of recurrent VTE, a missense variant (G250R) in the EGF-1 domain was identified. In an asymptomatic 250R carrier, higher thrombin generation plasma values were found. Evaluation of cells transfected with the wild-type or the mutant construct using imaging technologies and flow cytometry provided evidences that the 250R variant significantly decreased protein localization on cell membrane. The different pattern of cell distribution suggested that the 250R variant is not able to sufficiently target the plasma membrane. Present findings add information to characterize protein structure-function relationships, further suggesting that misfolding of the protein modulates the expression of mature protein. Functional analyses of the 250R variant increase our understanding of the role of Thrombomodulin in coagulation and support the hypothesis that gene variants reducing protein functionality cause deficiency and behave as a thrombophilic risk factor.


The international reputation of the judicial trial of Ch. J. Guiteau, the killer of the U.S.A. President J. A. Garfield led Arrigo Tamassia, professor of Legal Medicine of the University of Pavia, to harshly criticized the work of the judicial court.


A photosensitive belt replacing apparatus of an electrophotographic printer is disclosed. The disclosed photosensitive belt replacing apparatus comprises: a main cartridge (100) receiving the photosensitive belt (10) to be replaced and installed as a continuous loop belt, and allowing the received photosensitive belt to be installed in the belt unit (300) by being moved into an installation position of the photosensitive belt (10) within the printer while hanging on and sliding along insertion rails (310) provided at the belt unit (300); a belt separating means installed at the belt unit (300), and binding the photosensitive belt (10) to the belt unit (300) by applying a tight tension to the photosensitive belt (10) of the main cartridge (100) moved into the installation position and therefore allowing the photosensitive belt (10) to remain installed in the belt unit (300) when the main cartridge (100) is removed from the installation position; a belt cutting means installed in the printer for cutting the photosensitive belt (10) which has been installed in the belt unit (300) as a continuous loop belt and has been used so that the photosensitive belt (10) can be removed; and a belt recovering means for winding the photosensitive belt (10) cut by the belt cutting means and removing the photosensitive belt (10) from the belt unit (300). With the photosensitive belt replacing apparatus, since the operation of replacing a photosensitive belt is nearly automatically performed, the operation can be very conveniently performed in a relatively short time, and therefore the photosensitive belt can be installed always at an exact position.


Abstract Soviet policy on Northern Ireland has changed substantially on several occasions, and falls into several distinct periods. This article argues that these changes in policy are best understood in the light of changes in the state of Anglo‐Soviet relations, rather than changes in the situation in Northern Ireland. The article is concerned with the period from the election of Mikhail Gorbachev as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in early 1985 through the decline and fall of the USSR and the first year of its successor states' existence, 1992.


Abstract : America has entrusted the care of the best of its young men and women to the U.S. Army. The Army continues to respond to this challenge by placing qualified officers in command. effectiveness of these leaders is enhanced when they enter positions of command with well-developed command philosophies. officers begin developing command philosophies immediately during their initial assignment. They form ideas on command using a variety of sources, including peers, subordinates, institutional schooling, and superiors. When the philosophy of command is well-developed and articulated, it is a valuable aid in creating effective and productive organizations. This study examines the development of command philosophy; elements used to construct a command philosophy; and the universality of a command philosophy. Entering command with a well-developed and credible command philosophy is the first step in ensuring the success and combat-preparedness of the unit.


In general, the method of supplying the wire of auto-binding apparatus for reinforcing bar used in construction sites are often poor and supplies by using the hall way, the head of the thick binder is often an obstacle for interference when bind the reinforcing bar. In this paper, we proposed a new auto-binding apparatus for reinforcing bar by improving the existing bond issues that they work for the common descriptor. The auto-binding apparatus for reinforcing bar is easy to carry because it is designed with a pistol grip shape. It also has the advantage to increase the productivity because it is easy binding of the reinforcing bar itself, rather than binding operation by a person. It was designed and produced by adding a multi-functional to automatically bond the reinforcing rod of 20~70Φ range. We carried out the performance evaluation tests, such as binding strength, binding time, binding range, body weight, wire cutting unit wear, binding malfunction test in order to compare and validate domestic and foreign technical level of the performance of the developed auto-binding apparatus for reinforcing bar. As a result, it was confirmed that the development of each item is reached.


This chapter contains sections titled: General Short-circuit calculation??-??modeling of components in electric power generation and distribution Short circuit current calculation (refer to US Navy Design Data Sheet 300-2 for details) IEEE Std 45-2002, 5.9.2, AC system (fault current) Typical short-circuit calculation examples Simplified wave forms (Figure 8-7 through Figure 8-12) Generator/breaker coordination Short circuit calculation related decremental factors K1 and K2 values (Table 8-1 )


Phosphorylation of phosphates and nucleosides forming unsymmetrical pyrophosphates and nucleotides by the use of 8-quinolyl phosphates has been investigated. According to this method, various pyrophosphates and nucleotides were obtained in high yields.


Recently, a novel approach for the analysis of molecular dynamics on the basis of a transfer operator has been introduced. Therein conformations are considered to be disjoint metastable clusters within position space of a molecule. These clusters are defined by almost invariant characteristic functions that can be computed via {\em Perron Cluster} analysis. The present paper suggests to replace crisp clusters with {\em fuzzy} clusters, i.e. to replace characteristic functions with membership functions. This allows a more sufficient characterization of transiton states between different confor conformations and therefore leads to a better understanding of molecular dynamics. Fur thermore, an indicator for the uniqueness of metastable fuzzy clusters and a fast algorithm for the computation of these clusters are described. Numerical examples are included.


>A citrate-peroxide photometric method was used for the determination of Ce in an aluminium oxide--methanol suspension. The time required for the analysis of the liquid phase is 20 to 30 min. (auth)


The Paper makes a brief introduction on the study of RDS-8 solidified enzyme.Based on the indoor test and trial section test,the Paper proves that the RDS-8 solidified enzyme stabilized soil has very good road service performance and wide application range.Its application in the road engineering is safe and convenient,and has the advantage in reducing the construction cost and saving energy.


SRAM-based analog in-memory computing (IMC) architectures have demonstrated high energy efficiency and compute density over digital accelerators for machine learning. However, their compute SNR and achievable dot product (DP) dimension are limited by the analog nature of computations. We present a Maximum Likelihood (ML)-based statistical Error Compensation (MLEC) method to enhance the accuracy of binary DPs in a 6T SRAM-based IMC. MLEC leverages the IMC architecture to extract multiple observations and implements an approximate ML detection rule. Employing simulations in a 28nm CMOS and behavioral modeling, we show that MLEC enhances the compute SNR by 5dB-to-30dB over a conventional IMC with an energy overhead ranging from 10%-to-30% for DP dimensions of 64-to-256.


Despite the wealth of literature on HRM and employee involvement, now there has been a remarkable lack of large-scale survey evidence on the diffusion employee involvement in work organizations in Europe. This gap in large-scale survey evidence on the diffusion of direct employee participation has now been filled representative sample of workplaces in ten major European Union countries which commissioned by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in Dublin (the EPOC project). It is by far the most comprehensive overview of the implementation and effects of direct employee participation of its kind. The paper shows that, on the basis of the EPOC survey results, there appears to considerable gap between the rhetoric and reality of direct participation. The paper shows that while the incidence of different forms of direct participation was widespread ten countries, the scope, in terms of number of issues involved and the number of given to employees, was relatively limite...


It has been seen experimentally that ring patterns occur when planar aligned samples of SmC* are subjected to a rotating in-plane electric field [4 7 12]. We shall model this problem mathematically by approximating the ring patterns and considering a circular domain embedded within a rectangular sample. The ring patterns will be modelled by travelling wave solutions. We shall then investigate the stability of these travelling wave solutions via a linearised perturbation, a Hardy-type inequality and an isoperimetric minimisation problem. This allows a calculation of the lowest eigenvalue which we use to determine the response time of perturbations to the travelling wave solution.


Qatar has strongly condemned the stabbing incident that took place in London, causing several injuries. In a statement yesterday, the Ministry of Foreign Aff airs reiterated Qatar's firm stance rejecting violence and terrorism, whatever the motives and causes. It wished the injured a speedy recovery. Police said the stabbing near London Bridge was a "terrorist incident" and the suspect was shot dead. Page 8


Renewable energy sources (RESs) are highly penetrated in power systems through phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronized converters. Under severe grid voltage sags, PLL-synchronized RES system is susceptive to transient instability and tripping from the grid due to inappropriate current injection. The existing literatures mainly focus on synchronization instability issues of a single grid-connected RES system, and the effect of the interaction between them is rarely studied. To fill this gap, this paper aims to clarify the interaction mechanism and characterize stability boundary of paralleled PLL-synchronized RES system with different converter parameters. More specifically, the effect of current injection angle and magnitude on transient synchronization stability is investigated for guiding current injection reference design during low voltage ride-through (LVRT) and rated capacity option of RESs. First, the transient interaction model of the paralleled converter system is developed, and interaction mechanism under different current injection angles is revealed. Next, stability region analysis is performed to evaluate the impact of current injection magnitude, wherein current injection boundary is obtained. Then, a current injection design method is proposed for improving both transient stability and voltage support. The theoretical analysis and the proposed method are validated by simulation results.


Mosquitocidal activities of Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) different concentration of essential oil (EO) and its major phytocompounds (MPCs) tested against three important human vector mosquitoes (HVMs). The quantitative analyses of EO phyto-chemical compositions (PCCs) were analyzed by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The HVMswere exposed to various concentrations of EO and its MPCs tested under laboratory condition by using standard protocols. Vector mortalities were subjected to log-probit analysis. Chemical compositions (CCs) of 47 compounds were identified and the MPCs of EO were Terpinen (38.0339%) followed by Linalool (34.4992%), Caryophyllene (6.1480%), Octanone (2.3906%) and Camphene (2.0989%). The maximum larval mortality was found in Linalool against the larvae of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) followed by Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Culexquinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) with the LC50 values were 36.26, 36.81 and 37.49 ppm respectively. Ovicidal activity of the Linalool found most effective than other compounds. These results are clearly suggests that EO and its MPCs have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach, traditional method for control of HVMs and this is the first report on the mosquitocidal activities of L. angustifolia EO of MPCs.


Aims:  The aim of the study was to isolate a novel lipolytic enzyme from the activated sludge of uncultured micro‐organisms.


Growth in tourism has resulted in escalating competition among destinations. Understanding destination competitiveness and its determinant factors is thus critical to tourism researchers and policy makers. Using partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) on a cross-sectional sample of 154 countries, this study examines relationships among destination competitiveness and its predictors, including the economy, natural environment, and infrastructure. Results indicate that the economy has a positive, indirect impact on tourism competitiveness mediated through the infrastructure and the environment; moreover, infrastructure and environment have a direct, positive impact on tourism competitiveness. PLSPM was also used to compute composite scores for overall destination competitiveness, thus assigning rankings to the 154 countries assessed. This study contributes to extant theories on destination competitiveness, presenting important implications for policymakers on how to strengthen destination competitiveness, and providing an empirically based tool to help benchmark a country's competitiveness in relation to other destinations.


The invention relates to a method for detecting and debugging the imaging circuit of a space optical remote sensor, in particular to a simulation test method of the imaging circuit of a space optical remote sensor under the condition that the imaging circuit is lack of multispectral TDI CCD devices. Under the integral control of a timing circuit, the amplitudes, frequencies and interrelation detected real time and analyzed by a detecting system can be identified to be correct or wrong; if correct, a signal stimulation output system can be informed to generate required TDI CCD signals; if wrong, a central computer can be informed to alarm and show by network. Output video signals come from image data, which is simulated by computers, and transmitted to the memory of the signal stimulation output system through a high-speed image transmission channel; the contents of output image can be updated by the double buffer mechanism, thereby continuously delivering stimulated TDI CCD image signals. The method provided by the invention can avoid the shortening of the service lives of chips which is caused by long-term testing.


In 2021-2022, with the support of the Pure Land public international organization the Peshsaf Public Association launched the project to investigate the content of toxic metals in consumer goods in Tajikistan's large cities, mainly focusing on lead. Lead and its compounds are widely used for manufacturing foods, paints and varnishes, as well as toys. This threatens the life and health of large cities – the main users of such consumer goods. The study covered the markets of Tajikistan and entailed purchasing sample products and testing them for lead content in local laboratory conditions. The article presents the research results, as well as corresponding conclusions and recommendations, including the outcomes of legal, economic and methodological content analysis.methodological content analysis.


In this case study we start from two X-ray structures, 1HHI and 1HHK. Both of these MHC-peptide complexes were part of the training set used in a study of predicting peptide binding affinities based on empirical free energy scoring functions (Rognan et al, 1999). The MHC molecule is of the subtype HLA-A2. The peptide in 1HHK is from the Influenza A virus, and the peptide in 1HHI is from the Human T-lymphotropic virus HTLV-1.


The invention relates to a 135 steel-level drill rod connector and a heat treatment process thereof. The drill rod connector comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.25-0.32 percent of C, 0.30 percent of or less Si, 0.35-0.80 percent of Mn, 0.015 percent of or less P, 0.008 percent of or less S, 0.15-0.80 percent of Mo, 0.00-1.00 percent of Ni, 0.90-1.50 percent of Cr, 0.30 percent of or less Al, 0.05 percent of or less Nb, 0.10 percent of or less V and the balance of Fe and unavoidable trace elements. The heat treatment process comprises the steps of: heating a roughly processed connector blank to 920-960 DEG C from the room temperature, preserving heat for 0.5-1.5 hours, putting the connector blank into a high-grade oil base quenching medium at 30-50 DEG C, fully cooling the connector blank, then heating the connector blank to 550- 620 DEG C from the room temperature for 50-70 minutes, preserving heat for 1.5-2.5 hours, and then discharging the connector. After heat treatment, the mechanical performances are as follows: the yield strength is 140-160 Ksi (965-1100 MPa), the elongation percentage is larger than or equal to 17 percent, the drill rod connector is longitudinal and is at 20 DEG C below zero and has full size, and the charpy impact energy is higher than or equal to 100 Joules.


This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) flipbook learning media in class V science learning at SDIT Ar-Rohmaniyah, Bogor City. This study used the development model of Borg and Gall and Assure.  To test this feasibility using the assessment of 3 experts, namely media experts, design experts and material experts.  The media feasibility assessment by material experts obtained a score of 94% with the category "Very Decent". The assessment by media and instructional design experts obtained a score of 75% with the category of "worthy". The average rating by experts is 85% with the category "very worthy".  To determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning-based flipbooks  , an N-Gain test analysis was carried out. The calculation result of the N-Gain test was obtained by 0.82 or 82%. Where such results fall into the category of high N-Gain. Based on the results of expert feasibility tests and N-Gain calculations, problem-based learning-based flipbook media  is feasible and effective for use in class V science subjects in SDIT Ar-Rohmaniyah Bogor City.


Abstract : The objective of the study was to develop engineering criteria for the performance of foamed and/or extended plastics, polyester resins, or other similar systems as structural layers. Tests were conducted on polystyrene with a density of approximately 4.0 pounds/cubic foot and a foamed-in-place polyurethane formulation with a nominal density of approximately 7 pounds/cubic foot. Various combinations of load, soil strength, tire pressure, and thickness were used in the study. Multiple statistical regression analyses were performed on the field data, and it was determined that a curvilinear equation gave the best correlation coefficients. Results of the study indicate that foamed plastics can be used as a structural layer in special cases where the soil will not support conventional construction equipment or when conventional methods of construction are too difficult or too expensive to be considered. Using the proper design and construction procedure, extended plastics can be used to support rolling and static loads on very low- strength soils. (Author, modified-PL)


This paper describes a method for determining the development of the losses downstream of two-dimensional transonic turbine cascades. The distance between the cascade exit and the plane downstream at which the flow has become nearly uniform is evaluated by theory and experiment. The problems associated with measuring local flow properties in the nonuniform supersonic flow field behind transonic turbine cascades are discussed and analyzed.Copyright © 1972 by ASME


The TiB_(2p)/Al-10Sn composite was fabricated by the Mixed Salt Reaction in-situ synthesis process.The solidification phase and microstructure of the composite were analyzed by XRD and SEM respectively.The results indicate that the fine TiB_2 particles(1.5 μm) could be formed and dispersed in the αAl l matrix uniformly provided that the grains of α-Al matrix were fine.The agglomeration of TiB_2 particles occurs in the interface between α-Al and eutectic tin,which forms the microstructure of TiB_2 particles covered with tin film.Compared with Al-10Sn matrix alloy,the composites have higher bearing capacity,lower friction coefficient and better wear resistance.


Implicit Bias is something that happens to real people in real spaces all the time. But we can't see it. Since AR allows us to overlay virtual objects in real environments, we want to leverage this capability to make more salient the various ways in which people experience implicit bias and to realize empathy as a driver for pro-social behavior. Keywords— Implicit Bias, Augmented Reality, Storytelling Implicit bias refers to the attitudes or stereotypes we associate with others that affect our behaviors, actions and decisions without our conscious knowledge. We see examples of this in all realms and in all stages of life. For example, a study showed that when teachers in preschool were asked to watch for troubling behaviors, they focused more on students of color than on white students (Gilliam, 2016). Given how profound the impact of discriminatory behaviors is, there is no doubt that any institution be it college or a workplace could benefit from having its employees better understand implicit bias. The problem we noticed was that these trainings are often not as effective as one would hope. Our goal is to create an experience using AR that is intriguing (such that people want to try it), helps people become more aware of implicit biases, and uses empathy as a driver for pro-social behavior. I. PROPOSED SOLUTION "The essential difference between emotion and reason is that reason leads to conclusions while emotion leads to action" Donald Calne, Neurologist Our project attempts to leverage markerbased AR and storytelling to elicit feelings of empathy and make bias more salient. Our proposed solution has three major components: 1. Marker based AR. We created flyers with image targets as markers which, when scanned, augmented a video player on top of that image. Our goal is to place these posters at strategic location where that form of bias is common. This interaction would then enable us to ground people's experiences in reality and make them salient. 2. Video Clips about individual experiences with implicit bias. We interviewed various studentson the University of Rochester campus Shagun Bose University of Rochester Emma Strauch University of Rochester


Following the. demands of politeness, Mr. Krauss did look forf and did findf the remains of what he called the women's gallery in the ancient Galilean synagogues* The majority of modern Judaica scholars and archaeologists follow Krauss in both, method and result* i*e«, they look for a. women's gallery and they find one. thm significance of the question of the women's gallery for the question of women as leaders in the synagogue should be clear, If all ancient synagogues relegated women toa side room, a balcony or to the back of the prayer hall, perhaps even further separating them from the men by a lattice work or a translucent or even opaque curtain, as the contemporary Orthodox synagogue does, than it is indeed difficult to imagine that the women discussed in the previous chapter had any official functions in the synagogue, at least during the religious service. This type of seating arrangement does not imply "separate but equal*" It is truer of course, that the Jewish service cannot be compared, for example, with a Roman Catholic aassf wherethe entire focus of the service is the altar and what goes on there. Certainly many Orthodox women feel that they can say their prayers behind a curtain as well as were they seated together with the men* Nevertheless, the reading of scripture, the sermon and the leading of prayers in an Orthodox synagogue all occur in the men's section. When the Torah scroll is carried around it is a focus of attention? everyone who has the opportunity to touch it is overjoyed* Heedless to say, that sane Torah scroll is not passed from the hands of the men into the hands of the wo»enf so


this paper presents results of the technological development called "Integral electronic medical record system with mobile devices" implemented by the academic group "Systems Development in Virtual Environments" of the Universidad Technological de Jalisco in Mexico in collaboration with the company in bull. Objectives of this development are focused on solving business problems in the area of influence of the University, as a mechanism for linking with companies, and research activities that promote early skills in the students who collaborated. They are from the Information Technology and Communication career. The importance of the integration of students for the formation of human capital is based on the strategy of the National Development Plan 2013-2018 in its axle III.1. Mexico with quality education, and the Jalisco state strategy called "Ciudad Creative Digital".


The resource and environment characteristics of grinding media and dispersants are discussed in this paper The characteristics of comminuting energy consumption are researched and so is the environmental impact of the comminuting process,including the air pollution,harms to health and noise pollutiong the work which helps reduce the resource and energy consumption as well as the environmental pollution has been emphasized


The score for Claudio Monteverdi's opera Orfeo, published in 1609, includes a preliminary "Toccata" scored for five-part trumpet ensemble. Monteverdi's instructions are ambiguous as to how the Toccata should be performed. Investigation of trumpet manuals and related documents contemporary with Monteverdi confirm the military origins of the fanfare-like Toccata, and suggest that its inclusion in the score for what is otherwise a largely pastoral opera indicates that Monteverdi was responsive to the ideals of the neo-chivalric revival that was an important aspect of the self-refashioning of the aristocracy in the early-modern European state at the time of Orfeo.


The art design style of computer modeling is the hot spot of China's art design in recent years. After entering the 21st century, the concept of art design has been constantly developed and innovated, and a series of designs such as Java and dynamic titles are all the rage. Based on computer modeling art design style of writing with different point of view of reality, tends to be the symbol, the transition of the style, let people can more easily and work more comfortable and more willing to learn the meaning, this article through to the computer modelling of the historical development of the art design style analysis, combined with the graphic sustainable theory to delve into the UI design for readers reference.


Objective To explore the managed methods for non-clinical type breast tumors, Methods From March 2004 to Augest 2006, preoperative ultrasound guided resected biopsy of lesions by wire-localiza were performed in 32 cases (38 lesions) with non-clinical type breast tumors. And further therapeutic projects were confirmed according to the results of pathologic diagnosis. Results 32 cases (38 lesions) were resected integrally. The results of intraoperative frogen section were agreed with postoperative paraffine section in 36 of 38 lesions. Conclusions Resected biopsy of tumors with wire-loealization guided by ultrasound is a sate, accurate and practical method for treating non clinical type breas tumors.


A company running a private hospital for people with mental health problems and learning disabilities has been fined for a series of medication errors.


The present invention discloses an improved semi-automatic Pike, comprising a frame, a conveyor belt, automatic paper feeding device, and automatic board off the paper guiding means, the automatic sheet feeding device of the spring band, stopper, cardboard limiting groove , the paper friction wheel and friction wheel transmits intermittent motion to one pair of a continuous motion of the composition; paperboard carton by a pair of guide means and the guide baffle board consisting friction wheel positioning; automatic sheet feeding device drop a gear mechanism including a motor, driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, driven bevel gear disc, rod, active pumping plates, the gear mechanism is controlled by the operation of a motor control unit. Simple structure of the present invention, changes of traditional semi Pike, cardboard require manual placement mode, the feedback signal by the sensor system and the automatic control system, to achieve accurate positioning accuracy quickly separated from conveying, colored paper and cardboard and paperboard automatic cardboard whereabouts, greatly improving production efficiency.


Material Supplemental http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/suppl/2014/06/17/28.12.1291.DC1.html References http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/28/12/1291.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 106 articles, 41 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Open Access option. Genes & Development Freely available online through the License Commons Creative . http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 License (Attribution 4.0 International), as described at , is available under a Creative Commons Genes & Development This article, published in


The principle of compensation of dangerous diagrams (PCDD) postulated by Bogoliubov to determine the coefficients in the canonical transformation to quasi‐particles in superconducting systems is derived from four different criteria (1) the expected number of quasi‐particles in the true ground state is a minimum, (2) the one‐particle density matrix and the two‐particle amplitude determined from the BCS ground state are equated to the true ones, (3) the expectation value of an arbitrary operator is simplified by diagonalizing its quadratic part, and (4) the starting point for the dressing of the quasi‐particle is chosen in the most convenient way. The condition obtained for the PCDD is then expressed in terms of quasi‐particle Green's functions. The ladder diagrams are eliminated by examining an integral equation for the Green's function describing the creation of two quasi‐particles from the vacuum. Finally, the condition obtained here for the PCDD is compared with the condition obtained previously.


and services, are a plausible candidate for explaining the large low-frequency changes in housing prices. We also argue that this interpretation is reasonable given the nature of the technology that produces housing services, and is in accord with the broad patterns in data on housing and land prices. We also explore the role of permanent changes in labor supply as an additional explanatory factor.


For ion thruster,the accel grid can produce a potential barrier to stop neutralizer electrons from flowing back into the discharge chamber.The backstreaming electron current is not only a parasitic power loss,but it can damage the thruster.The back-streaming limit is determined by the "saddle-point" voltage and the factors related to the "saddle-point" including the voltage of screen grid and accelerator grid;the structure of grids;the beamlet current.In general,there are two methods to measure the back-streaming limit.This paper choose the method to monitor the increase in the screen power supply current as the magnitude of the accelerator grid voltage is decreased.


When I observe my five-year-old grandson, Henry, navigate the levels of difficulty of a video game in which he chooses a hero who has to overcome obstacles and zap anyone who gets in his way, I wonder at his dexterity as he rapidly manipulates the control panel with ten fingers going all at once, his eyes glued to the images on the TV monitor, taking in the action he seems to be controlling. And I also wonder, almost aloud, what this all means in the formation of his inner world, of his attitude and perception of the outer world. Is the enthrallment he expresses a sign of a complete giving over to the game through his identification with the "hero" character and what he/she represents, or is it a sign of an active imagination and desire to affect the game's outcome, to be himself, its hero? Or is it both—is he captivated and unruly all at once? The instructions I give in my film studies courses do not include new media, of which video games are a big part. But a cursory glance at some of the critical literature on video games indicates a healthy, lively commentary on their effects on players as both spectators and participants, (see Bibliography). The source of my fascination with spectatorship and the effects of media derive from the long history of numerous and diverse critical commentaries on film (old media?) as a site for the formation of representations that affect the way we think of ourselves and others. In other words, film's relationship to its audience is a conduit to explore the ways in which media exerts a powerful influence on the construction of ideology within the self and the larger culture. A part of my film syllabus focuses on the relationship between media, identity, and ideology. In my introductory film course (ENG 363), I approach the issue developmentally, assuming that many of the students are unaware of the ways in which film exercises its power over the viewer. We first look at the basic elements of cinema and their functions—elements associated with cinema's eclectic combination of forces: cinematography, editing, mise-enscene, and sound—the technical elements of film and what we term collectively, the "cinematic apparatus." The next part of the syllabus looks at the systems that utilize these elements in their construction—the narrative systems of classic Hollywood and the art film, and generic systems like the western, the gangster film, the musical, film noir, and the woman's film. One overarching schematic that links aesthetics with narrative and genre is the cumulative effect on the spectator.


ABSTRACT SARCOPENIC OBESITY (SO), THE COMBINATION OF OBESITY AND AGING-RELATED MUSCLE ATROPHY, PRESENTS NUMEROUS CHALLENGES FOR EXERCISE PROFESSIONALS (EPS). LIFESTYLE INTERVENTIONS INCLUDING EXERCISE TRAINING AND DIETARY MODIFICATIONS CAN IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE, PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, AND LONGEVITY FOR PERSONS WITH SO. HERE, WE PROVIDE A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF HOW EPS CAN EVALUATE OR SCREEN FOR SO AND STRATEGIES FOR EXERCISE PROGRAMING FOR PERSONS WITH SO.


The thermal decomposition of γ-irradiated poly(vinylidene flouride) and the copolymer of vinylidene difluoride and vinyl fluoride has been investigated by means of thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and mass spectral analysis of the evolved gas. Under non-isothermal conditions (heating rate = 2 K min−1), polymers were found to lose their weight in two stages. The main process of the weight loss was the splitting-off of HF. Various aromatic compounds containing F were also observed to evolve, although their contribution to the total weight loss was small. For the volatilization reaction occurring at high temperature, initiation through random chain scission was suggested. Kinetical analysis of TG traces for the volatilization showed that the apparent overall activation energy decreases with increasing dose.


This paper describes a scaled-world simulation developed to conduct empirical research on team cognition, communication, and decision-making within a distributed environment. The NeoCITIES simulation is an advancement of the CITIES task, which was designed to study group decision-making within a command, control, and communications (C3) setting (Wellens & Ergener, 1988). Studying group decision-making is a two-fold problem involving team cognition and team communication. According to McNeese (2003), team cognition is constructed through distributed and emerging activities via several sources. A majority of studies examining distributed decision-making have involved militaristic, battlefield engagement, or urban warfare settings. In that same spirit, NeoCITIES was designed for emergency crisis management teams undergoing terrorist attacks within a college-town. Thus, NeoCITIES is a new and operationally relevant scaled world that emulates the complexities and emergent decision-making attributes resident in a 9/11-type of terrorist scenario. Through the use of NeoCITIES, we anticipate the assessment of a number of cognitive tools to support distributed cognition (e.g., problem-based decomposition) as well as advancing adaptive intelligent interfaces.


Secondary and post-secondary science teachers are beginning to see increasing numbers of students with mild disabilities enrolled in their classes. These students can be classified as having one of a variety of mild disabilities that might impact the way they receive and process educational information. As a result of the passage in 1975 of PL 94-142, the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), disabled students now have the opportunity to receive special education in the public schools and to be placed in regular classrooms whenever possible. Very little information for science teachers is provided in teacher preparation courses or is available in the literature to offer concrete suggestions for teaching science to these students. This paper describes the political gains made in education for the disabled, identifies various types of mild disabilities, and suggests possible teaching interventions for the chemistry teacher who has a student with a mild disability.


Abstract Walleye Sander vitreus and sauger Sander canadensis naturally hybridize in many populations, but the factors influencing the recruitment of hybrids are unknown. We determined relative year-class strength for 1,454 saugers, walleyes, and naturally produced hybrids from three Missouri River reservoirs. Hybridization rates varied from 4% in Lakes Sharpe and Francis Case to 21% in Lewis and Clark Lake. Hybrids comprised multiple year-classes in each system, indicating that hybridization does not occur in erratic pulses but at a consistent low-level recruitment rate. The year-class strength of hybrids was not correlated with that of either walleyes or saugers. Our models suggest that higher than average recruitment of walleyes, saugers, and hybrids can be expected during years with warmer spring and early summer water temperatures in Lake Sharpe and Lewis and Clark Lake and during years when inflow (from main-stem discharge for hybrids and tributary inputs for saugers and walleyes) is reduced in Lewis...


Force restraint in contact-rich tasks with robots is vital in order to avoid breaking objects. Impedance/admittance controls are effective for achieving the restraint; however, they require adjustment of the kinematic impedance, which may induce instability. We proposed a force restrain method while PD controller is used for avoiding unstable robot behavior. This method alters position command in case the robot may give extreme force which leads to damaging objects. This method expands the trajectory planning and motion generation area practically because it can be executed under the condition that the controller autonomously restrains excessive force. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, we experimented with contact and detach motion in 1- and 2- DoF translational directions.


Dicarboxylic porphyrins, such as proto, meso, deutero, etc. are not excreted into urine but into bile4), however small amounts of protoporphyrin are often determined at the determination of urinary coproporphyrin1). Chiba2) reported urinary protoporphyrin in rabbits suffering from tin poisoning. Small amounts of tricarboxylic porphyrin have been found in the urine of animals with lead poisoning3). Since proto and tricarboxylic porphyrin have a simillar acid solubility, there is a possibility of confuse between these two porphyrins. In order to determine free porphyrin and the metylester of the porphyrins, paper chromatography using a lutidine-water system and thin layer chromatography using a benzene-ethylacetate system were respectively employed. The metylester gave a pattern typical of etio-type porphyrins with a Soret maximum of 404nm in a CHCl3 solution. Although tricarboxylic porphyrin in urine was eatimated to be at a level of only 3% of that of coproporphyrin in both normal and lead-poisoned rabbits, there was a heigh correlation (r=0.932, n=49) between the amounts both in urine. The results suggest that urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is an intermediate substance deriving during the process of oxidative decarboxylation from coproporphyrinogen to protoporphyrinogen and, that excretion of the pigment may be increased by lead, because lead disturbs certain stages of porphyrin biosynthesis. Intermediates in the pathway may, therfore, accumulate in vivo. The amount of urinary tricarboxylic porphyrin is thought to be of little value as an indicator of lead poisoning because of the complicated required to assertain it. Coproporphyrin, on the other hand, does not present such technical difficulties.


We have developed an improved physical vapor transport method. This method enables us to decrease the sublimation temperature of small organic molecules, and slow the weight loss process, and then regulate the degree of vapor saturation of materials. Large-size single-crystalline materials with high quality are successfully prepared from small organic functional molecules. The slice crystals are found to be single crystalline with high quality. The surface morphologies and structural information of grown crystals were characterized by optical microscope, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results indicate that the growth mechanism of single crystals is a 2D nucleation, with elementary steps, large straight steps, and layer-by-layer growth.


The management and outcomes from treatment of femoral sarcoma are well documented. This involves oncological resection and either limb preservation with reconstruction, or above knee amputation (AKA).1 Diaphyseal limb amputations in children are associated with high stump morbidity because of bone spiking, with primary revision rates of 43% documented.2 Another alternative is the rotationplasty.3,4 This procedure utilizes the distal part of the amputated limb, including the ankle joint with preservation of the sciatic nerve. The remaining sensate foot, is fitted for a prosthesis reproducing a below knee amputated limb functionally.


This text presents findings from a contemporary archaeology project that has been exploring the October Crisis (1962) and its material and immaterial remains in Cuba since 2005. The project is a cooperation between Swedish archaeologists and Cuban archaeologists, anthropologists and historians, and its primary aim is to complement the dominant narrative of the crisis with material and immaterial remains and memories in a way that approaches and explains the event "from below". The current text focuses on the US Marston mats that can be found at a number of locations in farmsteads and villages surrounding the former missile sites in the Los Palacios and San Cristóbal areas, as well as on a photo of a Russian girl that was a gift from a Russian soldier to a Cuban peasant during the crisis. These objects present the reader with new material and human insights concerning the crisis that until now have been more or less concealed and unknown, contributing new complementary dimensions to the understanding of the October Crisis while also challenging the stereotypes constructing the dominant narrative.


Abstract The NHC‐stabilised diboryne (B2(SIDep)2; SIDep=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) undergoes a high‐yielding P−P bond activation with tetraethyldiphosphine at room temperature to form a B2P2 heterocycle via a diphosphoryldiborene by 1,2‐diphosphination. The heterocycle can be oxidised to a radical cation and a dication, respectively, depending on the oxidant used and its counterion. Starting from the planar, neutral 1,3‐bis(alkylidene)‐1,3‐diborata‐2,4‐diphosphoniocyclobutane, each oxidation step leads to decreased B−B distances and loss of planarity by cationisation. X‐ray analyses in conjunction with DFT and CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations reveal closed‐shell singlet, butterfly‐shaped structures for the NHC‐stabilised dicationic B2P2 rings, with their diradicaloid, planar‐ring isomers lying close in energy.


Objective: to analyze the association between maternal difficulties in home care for newborns and parity. Methods: cross-sectional study, carried out in Primary Health Care in a Brazilian municipality. The sample consisted of 247 puerperal women, whose data collection took place by using two questionnaires, applied in home visits. The data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: it was observed that both primiparous and multiparous women had a very high percentage of difficulties related to care, however, primigravid women showed greater obstacles in the care related to bathing and belching while multiparous women reported greater obstacles during breastfeeding. The worry with the choice of clothes and the umbilical stump was statistically significant, regardless of the number of gestations. Conclusion: there were difficulties, regardless of the woman's previous obstetric experience, being mainly associated with insecurity, concern, and helplessness. Descriptors: Postpartum Period; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn; Perinatal Care. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a associação entre dificuldades maternas no cuidado domiciliar a recém-nascidos e paridade. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado na Atenção Primária em Saúde de um município brasileiro. A amostra foi constituída por 247 puérperas, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de dois questionários, aplicados mediante visitas domiciliares. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: observou-se que tanto as primíparas como multíparas apresentaram porcentagem muito elevada de dificuldades relacionadas ao cuidado, entretanto, as primigestas manifestaram maiores contratempos nos cuidados referentes à realização do banho e arroto, enquanto as multigestas relataram maiores obstáculos durante a amamentação. Os cuidados com as escolhas das roupas e o coto umbilical obtiveram significância estatística, independe da paridade. Conclusão: as dificuldades estiveram presentes, independente da experiência obstétrica anterior da mulher, estando principalmente associadas à insegurança, à preocupação e ao desamparo. Descritores: Período Pós-Parto; Cuidado do Lactente; Recém-Nascido; Assistência Perinatal. 1Universidade Paranaense. Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil. Corresponding author: Lediana Dalla Costa Av. Júlio Assis Cavalheiro, 2000 Industrial. CEP: 85601-000. Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com EDITOR IN CHIEF: Ana Fatima Carvalho Fernandes ASSOCIATE EDITOR: Renan Alves Silva Lediana Dalla Costa1 Kelly Dalorsoletta1 Ketlin Margarida Warmling1 Marcela Gonçalves Trevisan1 Géssica Tuani Teixeira1 Jolana Cristina Cavalheiri1 Alessandro Rodrigues Perondi1 How to cite this article: Costa LD, Dalorsoletta K, Warmling KM, Trevisan MG, Teixeira GT, Cavalheiri JC, et al. Maternal difficulties in home care for newborns. Rev Rene. 2020;21:e44194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20202144194 Special Call 1 Maternal and Obstetric Health Costa LD, Dalorsoletta K, Warmling KM, Trevisan MG, Teixeira GT, Cavalheiri JC, et al Rev Rene. 2020;21:e44194. 2 Introduction The puerperium is characterized as an active stage of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, after Greenberg's fourth period, when the expulsion of the placenta happens, relating to the first four hours of postpartum. In this stage, the woman goes through several physical, emotional, and physiological changes that introduce a phase that may last for six weeks(1). After birth, the family's daily routine is changed, especially for the puerperal woman, who acquires, as a new duty, the care for the newborn. Thus, the puerperium may be linked to changes in sleep patterns, feelings of frustration, irritation, and feelings of leaving the previous life behind(2). Indeed, qualified care and care for newborns are crucial to reducing child mortality. The number of deaths per thousand live births in Brazil in 2019 was 12.4%, while in the state of Paraná it was 10.4% in 2017(3), with a high rate of neonatal death. Thus actions aimed at promoting, preventing and providing comprehensive health care to pregnant women and children are essential to reduce these rates(4). The difficulties that women face in the postpartum period are related to cultural aspects, family, and health professionals' support, as well as the knowledge about the changes that happen in this period. In primigravid, the transition to the maternal role brings with it a restructuring of the family environment, feelings, expectations, doubts, and uncertainties(5). Besides, the main difficulties experienced by women in the first pregnancy relate to breastfeeding and the interpretation and understanding of the signs expressed by the baby(6). Multiparous women, despite previous experiences, have greater troubles regarding family support in this period and, also, with self-care and breastfeeding(5). It is also pointed out that women may experience similar feelings in the experience of taking care of a child, since each maternity experience is unique, having experienced this moment in a particular way, regardless of the number of children they have had(2). Therefore, the training of parents and other family members in postpartum care is essential, as well as the clarification of doubts, fears, and insecurities, making them independent, responsible and empowered to provide the best care for the baby(7). Identifying the difficulties that mothers experience in the puerperium allows the development of health actions, not only to assist them in qualified care, but also to provide that they go through this phase occurs with confidence(8). In this context, the guiding question of the research was: what are the difficulties found by puerperal women in caring for newborns at home? Thus, the objective was to analyze the association between maternal difficulties in home care for newborns and parity.


OBJECTIVE
To establish HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Coleus forskohlii.

METHODS
Chromatographic fingerprint of Coleus forskohlii was investigated by HPLC-ELSD and gradient elution mode was applied to chromatographic separation.

RESULTS
The HPLC-ELSD fingerprint of Coleus forskohlii was established preliminarily.

CONCLUSION
HPLC-ELSD fingerprint method is repeated and can be used in quality control of Coleus forskohlii. The active constituent in Coleus forskohlii is probably at equal pace between introduced in Tongcheng and provenance.


An art historian can approach the subject of these lectures only with the greatest trepidation. Trespassing upon the preserve of many adjacent disciplines (classical and oriental archeology, Egyptology, the history of religion and superstition, philosophy and several others), he has to rely largely on secondary sources and often finds himself confronted with a diversity of opinions, at times about crucial points which he, as a rank outsider, cannot presume to evaluate. . . . To make things worse there is hardly any sphere of human experience where rationally incompatible beliefs so easily coexist and where prelogical, one might also say metalogical, feelings so stubbornly survive in periods of advanced civilization as in our attitude towards the dead.'


The thermionic properties of UC, ZrC, and a UC-4ZrC mixture are reported from about 1200 to about 2000 deg K. The samples are in the form of pellets. The values of A and phi in Richardson's equation are found for the samples.


Seismic damage in Los Angeles and its east suburban region caused by the 1987Whittier Narrows Earthquake is reported. After describing the general picture ofthe earthquake and the damage caused by it, the main body of the paper puts em-phasis on the nature of the earthquake that took place in the midst of a metropoli-tan urban region. Details of damage to lifeline systems are described, includingwater supply systems, gas supply systems, and electric power systems. On the basisof the dispatch record as the Los Angeles County Fire Department, the seismicdamage is analyzed from the point of view of physical process of damage andhuman response.


This paper explores the return comovement between Korean and U.S. stock markets by investigating the existence of a possible spillover effect using high frequency data. We employ a functional regression methodology to scrutinize the moment dependence and the components of possible spillover effects. We find that the mean, volatility, skewness, and kurtosis spillover effects exist and the components of those effects have not changed over time in 2002-2006. In sum, we conclude that the KOSPI and S&P 500 move together during the sample period. The conclusion, however, is weakened once we modified the data by excluding the opening price of KOSPI since we only find the volatility spillover effect during the same period. Therefore, we can conclude that the opening price of Korean stock market may reflect new information that occurred overnight in foreign markets so that moment dependencies or moment spillover effects are weakened between Korean and U.S. stock market.


[C]haracteristically, it is not only a man's knowledge or wisdom, but above all his real life—and this is the stuff stories are made of—which first assumes transmissible form at the moment of his death. Just as a sequence of images is set in motion inside a man as his life comes to an end—unfolding the views of himself in which he has encountered himself without being aware of it—suddenly in his expressions and looks the unforgettable emerges, and imparts to everything that concerned him that authority which even the poorest wretch in the act of dying possesses for the living around him. This authority lies at the very origin of the story.


This paper analyses the economic and social development of the South and Northeast regions of Brazil in the 1990s. Initially, it introduces the concept of development and the social indicators employed to measure economic and human development in countries and regions. Based on data related to the evolution of the Brazilian economic and social situation, the development of the South and Northeast regions is examined. Finally, the paper analyses the existing dichotomy between these Brazilian regions as far as economic development is concerned. The Brazilian social indicators have improved significantly after the implementation of the Real Plan in 1994, as it promoted the price stabilization, increasing the purchasing power of the poorest, and reducing the inequality. Besides the price stabilization, income transferences promoted by the federal government also played an important role to reduce inequality and improve social indicators. The dichotomy, however, still remains, since its historical roots associated with the historic process of economic and social formation, the constitution of labor market and the land structure influenced in different ways the Brazilian regions. Key words: economic development, regional development, inequality.


Poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) and poly(styrene‐b‐ethyl hexylacrylate) (PS‐b‐PEHA) were used to investigate microphase separation in block copolymer films. Blend homopolymers were also used to compare their nanostructures on the surface with those of diblock copolymers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) were used to obtain the nanostructural information of the diblock copolymers and the blend homopolymers. The tapping mode AFM results provided information about the surface morphology, microphase‐separated structure, and thickness of the films according to the annealing condition and concentration. TOF‐SIMS was used to determine the lamellar nanostructures of the block copolymer films. The TOF‐SIMS depth profiles demonstrate variations in the hydrogen, deuterium, carbon, oxygen, and molecular fragment ions of the block copolymer according to the depth. Accurate surface structure information on the block copolymers and blend homopolymers was obtained by the combined images of TOF‐SIMS and AFM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Robotic shepherding is a bio-inspired approach to autonomously guiding a swarm of agents towards a desired location and has earned increasing research interest recently. However, shepherding a highly dispersed swarm in an obstructive environment remains challenging for the existing methods. To improve the shepherding efficacy in complex environments with obstacles and dispersed sheep, this paper proposes a planningassisted autonomous shepherding framework with collision avoidance. The proposed approach transforms the swarm shepherding problem into a single Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), with the sheepdog moving mode classified into non-interaction and interaction mode. Additionally, an adaptive switching approach is integrated into the framework to guide real-time path planning for avoiding collisions with obstacles and sometimes with sheep swarm. Then the overarching hierarchical mission planning system is presented, which consists of a grouping approach to obtain sheep sub-swarms, a general TSP solver for determining the optimal push sequence of sub-swarms, and an online path planner for calculating optimal paths for both sheepdogs and sheep. The experiments on a range of environments, both with and without obstacles, quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed shepherding framework and planning approaches.


Sedentarization of the Central Kalahari San. a hunting-gathering people, is in progress following the introduction of school, medical clinic, stable water supply, etc. to their habitat. This paper describes the changes in hunting and gathering activities, residential patterns, and distribution of meat among individuals due to these introduced impacts. and analyzes the people's reactions to the modernization reflected in the coexistence of traditional egalitarianism and introduced monctary economics, the conflicting old and new value systems, and the changes of social maintenance mechanisms due to the concentration of population. The concentration of about 500 people at one settlement resulted in the disappearance of vegetable foods around the settlement and the gathering activities became inefficient and infrequent. Also the hunting field became distant, and. in place of the former solitary bow-and-arrow hunting, equestrian hunting by means of horses and donkeys became popular. The inflow of monetary economies, change of hunting methods, and concentration of population induced a great change in the distribution of meat in spite of little change in the per capita supply of meat. Although there coexist the traditional value system and the introduced value system in various perspectives, the people selectively imbibe the introduced culturc. and integrate it into a new culture of their own. However, the present state is transitional, and there are many problems.


Section I Fungal Lipids.- 1 Introduction to Fungal Lipids.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Total Lipids.- 1.2.1. Lipids of Vegetative Hyphae and Yeast Cells.- 1.2.2. Spore and Sclerotial Lipids.- 1.3. Lipids and Fungal Growth.- 1.4. Cultural Conditions for Lipid Production.- 1.4.1. Temperature.- 1.4.2. Carbon Source.- 1.4.3. Inorganic Nutrients.- 1.4.4. pH.- 1.4.5. Aeration.- 1.4.6. Vitamins.- 1.5. Cellular Distribution of Lipids.- 1.5.1. Cell Wall.- 1.5.2. Cytoplasm.- 1.6. References.- Section II Lipid Classes.- 2 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Distribution in the Fungi.- 2.3. Mechanisms of Hydrocarbon Synthesis in Higher Plants.- 2.3.1. Head-to-Head Condensation Mechanism.- 2.3.2. Elongation-Decarboxylation Mechanisms.- 2.3.3. Head-to-Head Condensation between Acceptor and Donor Acids.- 2.4. Mechanism of Hydrocarbon Synthesis in Bacteria.- 2.5. Biological Oxidation of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.- 2.5.1. Corynebacterium 7EIC.- 2.5.2. Pseudomonas oleovorans.- 2.5.3. Higher Animals.- 2.5.4. Yeasts.- 2.5.5. Higher Plants.- 2.6. References.- 3 Fatty Acids.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Nomenclature and Structure.- 3.3. Distribution in the Fungi.- 3.3.1. Myxomycetes and Acrasiales.- 3.3.2. Phycomycetes.- 3.3.3. Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi).- 3.3.4. Basidiomycetes.- 3.4. Cellular and Extracellular Distributions.- 3.4.1. Mycelial and Yeast Cells.- 220.127.116.11. Cell wall.- 188.8.131.52. Protoplast and Membrane.- 3.4.2. Extracellular Fatty Acids.- 3.5. Fatty Acids of Fungal Spores and Sclerotia.- 3.5.1. Spores.- 188.8.131.52. Phycomycetes.- 126.96.36.199. Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes.- 126.96.36.199. Basidiomycetes.- 3.5.2. Sclerotia.- 3.6. References.- 4 Fatty Acid Metabolism.- 4.1. Introduction.- 4.2. Biosynthesis of Saturated Fatty Acids.- 4.2.1. Formation of the Initial Reactants in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis.- 22.214.171.124. Substrate Activation.- 184.108.40.206. Carboxylation of Acetyl CoA.- 4.2.2. Reactions and Enzymes of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis.- 126.96.36.199. Transacylation.- 126.96.36.199. Condensation.- 188.8.131.52. Reduction.- 22.214.171.124. Dehydration.- 184.108.40.206. Reduction.- 184.108.40.206. Terminal Transfer.- 4.2.3. Fatty Acid Synthetase of Yeast.- 4.2.4. Mechanisms of Fatty Acid Synthesis by the Yeast Fatty Synthetase Complex.- 4.2.5. Control of Fatty Acid Synthesis.- 4.2.6. Fatty Acid Elongation.- 4.3. Biosynthesis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids.- 4.3.1. Monounsaturated Fatty Acids.- 188.8.131.52. Aerobic Pathways.- 220.127.116.11. Anaerobic Pathway.- 4.3.2. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids.- 4.4. Biosynthesis of Unusual Fatty Acids.- 4.4.1. Nonmethylene Interrupted Ethylenic Acids.- 4.4.2. Acetylenic Acids.- 4.4.3. Substituted Acids.- 126.96.36.199. Hydroxy Acids.- 220.127.116.11. Epoxy Acids.- 18.104.22.168. Methyl Branched-Chain Acids.- 4.5. Fatty Acid Degradation.- 4.5.1. ?-Oxidation.- 4.5.2. ?-Oxidation.- 4.5.3. ?-Oxidation.- 4.5.4. Lipoxidase.- 4.6. References.- 5 Sterols.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Structure and Nomenclature.- 5.3. Distribution in the Fungi.- 5.3.1. Phycomycetes.- 5.3.2. Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes.- 5.3.3. Basidiomycetes.- 5.4. Phylogenetic Relationships.- 5.5. Functions of Sterols.- 5.5.1. Higher Plants.- 5.5.2. Fungi.- 5.6. References.- 6 Sterol Biosynthesis.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. Formation of Squalene.- 6.3. Cyclization of Squalene and the Formation of Lanosterol and Cycloartenol.- 6.4. Conversion of Lanosterol to Ergosterol.- 6.4.1. Demethylation Reactions.- 6.4.2. C-24 Alkylation.- 6.4.3. Formation of ?8-4- Desmethyl Sterols.- 6.4.4. Formation of Ergosterol from ?8-4- Desmethyl Sterols.- 6.5. Biosynthesis of C27 and C29 Sterols by Fungi.- 6.6. Sterols, Taxonomy, and Fungal Phylogeny.- 6.7. References.- 7 Acylglycerides, Glycosylglycerides, and Simple Esters.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Acylglycerides.- 7.2.1. Nomenclature and Structure.- 7.2.2. Distribution.- 7.2.3. Biosynthesis.- 7.2.4. Lipases.- 126.96.36.199. Pancreatic Lipase.- 184.108.40.206. Fungal Lipases.- 220.127.116.11. Stereospecific Analyses of Acylglycerides.- 7.3. Glycosylglycerides.- 7.4. Simple Esters.- 7.4.1. Methyl and Ethyl Esters of Long-Chain Fatty Acids.- 7.4.2. Sterol Esters.- 7.5. References.- 8 Phosphoglycerides.- 8.1. Introduction.- 8.2. Nomenclature, Structure, and General Distribution.- 8.3. Distribution in the Fungi.- 8.4. Phosphoglyceride Biosynthesis.- 8.5. Phospholipases.- 8.5.1. Phospholipases A, B, C, D, and Lysophospholipase.- 8.5.2. Occurrence of Phospholipases in Fungi.- 8.6. References.- 9 Sphingolipids.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Structure and Nomenclature.- 9.3. Distribution.- 9.3.1. Plants and Animals.- 9.3.2. Fungi.- 18.104.22.168. Long-Chain Bases.- 188.8.131.52. Fatty Acids.- 220.127.116.11. Carbohydrates.- 9.4. Sphingolipid Metabolism.- 9.4.1. Biosynthesis.- 220.127.116.11. Long-Chain Bases.- 18.104.22.168. Cerebrosides.- 22.214.171.124. Ceramide Oligoglycosides and Other Complex Sphingolipids.- 9.4.2. Degradation.- 9.5. References.- Section III Physiology and Ultrastructure of Sporogenesis and Spore Germination in Fung.- 10 Lipid Metabolism and Ultrastructure During Spore Germination.- 10.1. Introduction.- 10.2. Review of Spore Germination.- 10.3. Lipid Metabolism and Ultrastructure of Spore Germination in the Various Fungal Classes.- 10.3.1. Myxomycetes.- 10.3.2. Zygomycetes.- 10.3.3. Chytridiomycetes.- 10.3.4. Oomycetes.- 10.3.5. Ascomycetes.- 10.3.5.1. The Activation Process.- 10.3.5.2. Metabolic Changes.- 10.3.5.3. Ultrastructural Changes in Lipid Bodies.- 10.3.6. Basidiomycetes.- 10.3.6.1. Stimulators and Inhibitors.- 10.3.6.2. Respiratory Activities.- 10.3.6.3. Metabolic Changes.- 10.3.6.4. Ultrastructural Changes in Lipid Bodies.- 10.3.7. Deuteromycetes.- 10.4. References.- 11 Lipid Metabolism and Ultrastructure Changes During Sporulation in Fungi.- 11.1. Introduction.- 11.2. Review of Sporulation in Fungi.- 11.3. Electron Microscopy of Fungal Sporulation.- 11.4. Specific Changes in Lipids and Ultrastructure During Sporulation.- 11.4.1. Myxomycetes and Cellular Slime Molds.- 11.4.2. Chytridiomycetes.- 11.4.3. Oomycetes.- 11.4.4. Zygomycetes.- 11.4.5. Trichomycetes.- 11.4.6. Ascomycetes.- 11.4.7. Basidiomycetes.- 11.4.8. Deuteromycetes.- 11.5. References.- Index to Fungal Species.


X-ray computed tomography (CT) of logs means possibilities for optimizing breakdown in sawmills. This depends on accurate detection of knots to assess internal quality. However, as logs are stored ...


Shofar ♦ An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies men were perceived as threatening the established gender order due to their alleged status as "Zwitterwesen" (hermaphrodites). This observation along with Wildmann's insights into the gendered dimensions of shame and pride constitute highly innovative and productive interventions into Jewish gender history. Wildmann's book is carefully researched, well-written, and argued with precision and circumspection, as well as equipped with numerous illustrations, and should be made available to readers beyond the German-speaking world. Benjamin M. Baader University of Manitoba


One hundred years after the Russian revolutions of 1917, the article deals with Soviet approaches to the right of peoples to self-determination. Is true that in 1917 and afterwords, Lenin and the Soviets contributed significantly to the establishment of the right of peoples to self-determination as principle of international law? The article examines the thesis of the Bolshevik contribution to the right of peoples to self-determination in international law from a critical historical perspective.


1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1). 2 17 CFR 240.19b–4. 3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 78392 (July 22, 2016), 81 FR 49705 (''Notice''). 4 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49705. See also Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 65963 (December 15, 2011), 76 FR 79262 (December 21, 2011) (SR–NASDAQ–2011–122) (''Original Approval Order'') and 72669 (July 24, 2014), 79 FR 44234 (July 30, 2014) (SR–NASDAQ–2014–058) (''2014 Approval Order''). 5 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49705. 6 See Nasdaq Rule IM–5900–7(b)–(c). Only Eligible Companies with a market capitalization of $750 million or more receive the market surveillance service. The Exchange proposed to rename this service as ''stock surveillance'' to better reflect its purpose. 7 See Nasdaq Rule IM–5900–7(c). 8 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49705. 9 See id. 10 See proposed Rule IM–5900–7(a) under section being renamed ''Market Advisory Tools.'' 11 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49705. The Exchange also proposed to update the description of the stock surveillance tool to clarify that it is a single, dedicated analyst who provides that service, as opposed to the team approach used for the proposed alternative market advisory tools, and to note that the analyst attempts to identify institutional buyers and sellers in the company's stock. See id. 12 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49706. See also Original Approval Order, supra note 4, at 79265. 13 See Notice, supra note 3, at 49706. 14 See proposed Rule IM–5900–7(c)(2)–(3). This service has a retail value of approximately $29,000 per year for two users, $40,000 for three users, and $51,000 for four users. See Notice, supra note 3, at 49706. 15 See proposed Rule IM–5900–7(c)(2)–(3). The Exchange noted that this proposal would restore some features and the term of complimentary Continued SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


This paper makes an analysis of the Tort Responsibility Law passed in China on July 1,2010 in terms of name,logical structure;responsibility assumption and specific systems.It is shown that there are some positive changes in the law but there should be some improvement in measures and countermeasures,considering the legislation change and its judicial influence.


Let N be a lattice and P ⊂ N ⊗ Z R a lattice polytope, i.e., the convex hull of finitely many points in N. Ehrhart's theorem asserts that the lattice-point counting function f P (m) := # (mP ∩ N) is a polynomial, and thus 1 + P m≥1 f P (m) t m = δ P (t) (1−t) d+1 for some polynomial δ P (t), the δ-vector of P. Motivated by the Knudsen–Mumford–Waterman Conjecture about the existence of unimodular triangulations for all sufficiently large dilates of P and a recent theorem of Athanasiadis–Hibi–Stanley asserting that such triangulations imply certain inequalities for the δ-vector, we study δ nP (t) = δ 0 (n) + δ 1 (n) t + · · · + δ d (n) t d as n grows. We prove that for sufficiently large n (with a bound depending only on dim P), δ 0 (n) < δ d (n) < δ 1 (n) < · · · < δ i (n) < δ d−i (n) < δ i+1 (n) < · · · < δ ⌊ d+1 2 ⌋ (n); in particular, δ nP (t) is unimodal.


Experiments To prepare the Au/ZnO nanorod/n-LTPS MOS Schottky diode (see Fig.1 insert), an undoped amorphous Si layer (50 nm) was deposited by a plasma enhanced CVD system on glass substrate with the pre-coated buffer layers of Si3N4 (100 nm)/SiO2 (50 nm), and followed by an excimer laser anneal (ELA). The PH3 plasma treatment was implemented under the condition of 250C, 60 sec and 90 W for substrate temperature, time, and RF power, respectively. After the plasma treatment, the LTPS becomes a phosphorus ion doped n-type LTPS (n-LTPS). Next, sputtered a ZnO seed layer (25nm) on the top of the n-LTPS. Then, ZnO nanorods were grown on the seed layer by an aqueous chemical method [2] under a constant temperature of 90C for 6 hours. The aqueous solution is formed by putting 0.1M zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and 0.1M hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) into 60 ml DI water. After the formation of nanorods, the Schottky contact electrode of 20 nm Au (gold) layer with comb configuration was deposited on the top of the ZnO nanorods by evaporation. Finally, forming an ohmic contact of 5000 A Al (aluminum) metal on the top of the n-LTPS without the ZnO layer to complete the Au/ZnO nanorod/n-LTPS MOS Schottky diode.


Introduction Transvenous embolization (TVE) has been proven to be safe and feasible as an alternative management of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We presented four patients with a hemorrhagic brain AVM who underwent TVE and reviewed the relevant literature. Methods Four patients underwent TVE of a hemorrhagic brain AVM in our center between July 2019 and July 2020. We retrospectively collected and analyzed the clinical and imaging data of these patients and those reported in previously published studies. Results Four patients with a hemorrhagic brain AVM were included. Nidus sizes ranged from 0.79 to 2.56 cm. Spetzler-Martin grade ranged from grade II to grade III. The AVM nidus was located in a deep brain region in three patients. One patient underwent TVE alone and three underwent combined transarterial and transvenous approaches. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated complete obliteration of the vascular malformation after embolization in all four patients. Three patients were independent [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≤ 2] at discharge. All four patients were independent at the last follow-up. AVM obliteration was confirmed in all four patients at the last angiographic follow-up. Conclusion Transvenous embolization can be used as an alternative treatment for contemporary management of brain AVMs, appropriate patient selection is essential to achieve a good clinical outcome.


Job-hopping is an activity of changing jobs or moving jobs from one company to another company frequently to find the best job to meet certain criteria. Someone who performs job-hopping known as a job-hopper. The jobhopping phenomenon is usually performed by the Millennial generations influenced by several factors. To analyze factors that influence job-hopping and the meaning of job-hopping, the writer conducts journal reviews on a number of journals published in the last ten years. The result shows that intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced job-hopping phenomena, including several pros and cons attached to it.


This paper presents and evaluates a capital allocation method that represents a significant part of a more complete modeling process required to fully allocate and release capital for application to pricing or profitability analysis. The complete process is also described at a more general level, including discussion of additional requirements for application to reinsurance. While the specific modeling presented is based largely on concepts from modern portfolio theory, the paper first compares alternative perspectives and practical considerations relevant to all methodologies. The perspective of a specific portfolio analysis is compared to a market equilibrium perspective adopted for risk load or capital allocation methods. The paper compares the differences in their assumptions and the intended interpretation of their indications. It is then described how both perspectives can add value to decisions by properly integrating them into pricing and financial risk management operations. The concept of economic valuation is introduced in establishing the total capital to be allocated. Implications of the market equilibrium perspective adopted by the methods proposed in the paper are discussed at the total capital level. These include the relationship between capital and expected loss exposure at the total industry level, as well as the use of required rather than actual capital of insurers. The proposed method for allocation of capital to segments of the portfolio is based on Capital Asset Pricing Model concepts with specific interpretation of the variances and covariance relationships between segments. Several numerical examples of the method are provided and practical application problems are identified and discussed. In conjunction with the capital allocated at inception, the release of this capital generates the total capital commitment needed to measure return on equity for application to pricing or profitability analysis. Finally, the paper describes extensions of the proposed methods to reflect excess layers, other contract provisions, and asset risk in a consistent manner. Biography John Kulik is an Assistant Vice President with SCOR Reinsurance, where he is responsible for pricing and corporate financial analysis. He is a Fellow of the Casualty Actuarial Society and a Member of the American Academy of Actuaries. Mr. Kulik is also Vice Chair of the CAS Committee on Review of Papers. He received a B.S.B.A. degree from the University of Florida. Prior to his seven years in reinsurance, he had more than ten years of actuarial experience with several multiline insurers. [The author would like to thank Donald Mango for his thorough review, including several helpful comments and suggestions that improved the paper. Any errors in the final paper are entirely the author's responsibility.] Introduction Approaches that actuaries typically use to measure and analyze risk have evolved from actuarial risk theory. Considerable research of alternative premium calculation principles has been applied to the analysis of pricing risk. Risk theory is well known for its ruin theoretic approach to the macro-analysis of underwriting portfolio risk. Originally applied to solvency analysis, ruin theory also proved appealing as a pricing concept. Financial economics concepts more recently expanded the scope of actuarial risk theory. The concept of capital allocation evolved in the context of these principles and the unique nature of insurer capital. Actuaries have traditionally been hostile to this concept, arguing that it is inconsistent with the operational indivisibility of capital. More recently, however, it has been gaining acceptance as an analytical management tool. Since capital allocation methods are used to estimate risk margins in the form of return on equity (ROE) measurements and targets, they can be viewed as equivalent alternatives to actuarial risk load methods. However, capital allocation views risk from a "top-down" perspective, while actuarial risk theory tends to view risk from a "bottom-up" perspective. At a macro level, financial theory views capital as the equity capital supplied by investors, while actuarial risk theory views it as protection against insolvency. While reconciliation between individual pricing risk loads and total portfolio risk is not an inherent feature of actuarial risk load methods, some form of reconciliation is intrinsic to capital allocation. In addition to risk load-equivalent applications of capital allocation, its intrinsic reconciliation property can provide management with analytical insight needed to improve capital productivity, risk-return efficiency, and shareholder value. While it is also feasible for an insurer to manage its financial risk in an alternative equivalent manner, communication with investors would require additional challenging effort. Therefore, capital allocation also provides a convenient vehicle for communication with investors which clarifies the relevance and consistency of an insurer's financial risk management policies with the interests of investors. Alternative Perspectives The "equivalence" of capital allocation and risk load methodologies enables us to examine the importance of alternative perspectives through some of the risk load literature. The effectiveness of a capital allocation (or risk load) methodology can only be evaluated within its intended perspective. Feldblum (1990) and Bault (1995) both examined a variety of risk load methods. Bault focused on several specific methods that have been presented in CAS publications and observed that all of "...the methods are nearly equivalent ... if care is taken to use a common set of assumptions." In the midst of considerable debate about these methods, this was a very interesting observation, implying that the debate was primarily about their assumptions rather than the formulas and methods themselves. Indeed, Bault uses Kreps' (1990) equations "...to show that variance, standard deviation, ruin theory, and CAPM describe similar (and nearly equivalent) concepts." Since the approach presented in this paper is based on some of these same "nearly equivalent" methods, I would prefer to avoid the same confusion in previous debates by clarifying its underlying assumptions at the outset. Some assumptions do not conform to reality, but are needed to develop a practical model. Other assumptions that simplify the formulas may not be necessary, but are useful for practical application. When a more realistic alternative assumption is available, it is fair to debate the cost of the additional complexity weighed against the benefit of the additional accuracy realized. This has certainly been one source of debate. For example, Bault noted that covariance considerations are often ignored or oversimplified, significantly changing the results of some methods. I believe that two completely different fundamental perspectives have emerged as the leading conceptual frameworks underlying a risk load or capital allocation methodology. I will call them 1) the specific portfolio framework, and 2) the market equilibrium framework. • The specific portfolio framework is related to the traditional actuarial risk theory perspective. This is an internal viewpoint intended to measure the risk of a specific portfolio and the contribution of the individual risks or segments to the total portfolio risk. Thus, the analysis and parameterization under this framework is primarily company-specific and individual risk-specific, also reflecting the interaction between individual risks. • The market equilibrium framework is related to the financial economics perspective. This is an external viewpoint intended to measure the risk margin that a competitive market in equilibrium would provide for the individual or aggregate risk exposures assumed. With some oversimplification, the same risk margin would be provided to any insurer for the same exposures. While such a methodology is applied to specific individual risks and companies, the analytical development and parameterization under this framework is entirely at the market, or industry level. I will compare these perspectives in both "front-end" pricing analysis and "back-end" corporate profitability analysis. The discussion which follows assumes that individual prices and total premium fully and accurately reflect expected losses, expenses, and the indicated risk load, or profit margin. Pricing Application and Interpretation When applied to pricing an individual risk, a specific portfolio methodology intends to indicate the risk load needed to maintain the desired risk-return relationship in the total portfolio. If the actual prices for all of the individual risks reflect exactly these indicated risk loads, there would be no need to actively manage the risk of the portfolio through diversification or reinsurance. Aggregate premium income would provide exactly the desired expected portfolio ROE. Thus, the total portfolio risk would be "selfmanaged" through the pricing process. In contrast, a market equilibrium methodology applied to pricing an individual risk intends to indicate the "fair premium" risk load that the competitive market will allow. It can also be viewed as the price that an informed, rational insured would be willing to pay. If the actual prices for all of the individual risks reflect exactly these indicated risk loads, then aggregate premium would be extremely unlikely to result in the desired expected portfolio ROE without active management of the portfolio risk through diversification or reinsurance. Thus, the pricing process would not provide any insight into the total portfolio risk resulting from the accumulation of the actual exposures assumed. Profitability Analysis Application and Interpretation When allocating capital to analyze ROE profitability by segment of a company portfolio, the companyspecific nature of the analysis might appear to render the market equilibrium


Background The COVID-19 pandemic had a severe impact on public life around the world, influencing medicine and health, the economy, employment, science, and education. Health care specialists are key workers who faced extreme challenges posed by the pandemic, including threats to their own lives due to the rapid spread of the virus, a huge increase in workload, and professional burnout syndrome. Analysis of the factors that physicians found most exhausting during the pandemic could lay the groundwork for the effective management of future crises. Objective To identify the factors that physicians working in family physician (family and internal medicine) teams found most exhausting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania and assess their causes. Methods An anonymous survey of physicians (n = 191) working in family physician teams was carried out from 21 June 2021 to 17 September 2021. Physicians signed an informed consent form prior to completion of the questionnaire. Mixed data analysis was performed, consisting of statistical analysis using the SPSS 27 software and a qualitative causal analysis. Results During the pandemic, physicians were most exhausted by: chaotic vaccination priorities (44.5%); unsatisfied patients (52.4%); constantly changing legislation (71.7%); the large workload (75.9%); and the malfunctioning of online systems (81.2%). Conclusions Physicians in family physician teams indicated the following aspects that require improvement: service provision; effective work organization for physicians; and the satisfaction of patients with decisions made during the pandemic.


Base on the radar signal detection process, the performance computational model of the radar in the complicated electromagnetic environment is constructed. The interferences models are constructed as well. According to the computational models the radar performances are computed and the computational results agree with the theory analyses. The computational model adapt to arbitrary interference.


A rapid method for the determination of ultra-trace amounts of germanium in sea-water, surface water and ground-water has been developed. This method initially involved coprecipitation of gallium and magnesium with hydroxide ions. Subsequent investigations have shown that gallium is unnecessary for quantitative recovery if calcium and carbonate ions are added with the magnesium and the precipitation is carried out at a high pH. The formation of a rather coarse precipitate aids in the filtration step, by reducing the filtration time from hours to minutes without any loss of analyte. The control of pH is crucial to the successful use of this method. Concentrations of germanium in waters have been determined by hydride generation atomic emission spectrometry, with a detection limit for the method of 0.6 pg ml–1(3σ) for a 1 l sample. Determinations of germanium concentrations in ground, sea and surface waters range from 0.5 to 17 pg ml–1(3 l sample). Initial experiments into the application of the method to samples spiked with 20 ng ml–1 concentrations of copper, colbalt, nickel and zinc have proved to be effective.


Modern reinforced plastics started in the 1940s. In 1946 ICI manufactured Nuron, dimethacrylate glycophthalate copolymerized with n-butyl methacrylate. Scott Bader made glycol maleate phthalate resins (marco resins). Used with glass fiber, they enabled construction of so-called radomes for the aircraft industry. Early problems with room temperature cure air inhibition were resolved using cyclohexanone peroxide catalyst with the addition of small amounts of wax. Moldings of unlimited size could be made and thus the first boat hulls were constructed.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a strategic commentary on the interconnected areas of corporate strategy and employee performance by illustrating how two organizations adapted and transformed their businesses to the demands of digitalization and new media.,A longitudinal analysis (1995-2015) of employee productivity was calculated as operating income per employee for each firm and benchmarked against industry data.,Both firm's corporate objectives and strategies were focused on ambitious levels of growth and the opportunities provided by an increasingly digital environment. However, the firms had transformed their businesses in different ways with distinct employee productivity performance outcomes.,This paper provides case studies of strategic transformation and argues that HR management strategies and practices need to be continually evaluated to assess their employee productivity in an uncertain digital operating environment.,This paper provides a longitudinal analysis of how media firms, Sky Plc and Pearson Plc, adapted, reconfigured and transformed their businesses to meet the demands of an operating environment characterized by inexorable changes in digital technologies. It presents data and conclusions on how the management of "human resources" had delivered different employee productivity outcomes over the long term.


Jiangbasitao Formation of Eastern Junggar in Xinjiang is geologically located between Kalamaili fault and Sujiquan fault. This paper has studied the field geological features, petrological characteristics, and the fossil characteristics of the Jiangbasitao Formation, investigated its formation age. Combined with the previous study on the Kalamaili ophiolites,considering that it is unconformity covered by Early Carboniferous Jiangbasitao Formation, we conclude that the ocean basin closed before Early Carboniferous.