More than a decade into the development of gold nanoparticles for cancer therapies, with multiple clinical trials underway, ongoing pre-clinical research continues towards better understanding in vivo interactions with the goal of treatment optimization through improved best practices. In an effort to collect information for healthcare providers, enabling informed decisions in a relevant time frame, instrumentation for real-time plasma concentration (multi-wavelength pulse photometry) and protocols for rapid elemental analysis (energy dispersive X-Ray fluorescence) of biopsied tumor tissue have been developed in a murine model. An initial analysis, designed to demonstrate the robust nature and utility of the techniques, revealed that area under the bioavailability curve (AUC) alone does not currently inform tumor accumulation with a high degree of accuracy (R2=0.32), This finding suggests that the control of additional experimental and physiological variables may yield more predictable tumor accumulation. Subject core temperature are blood pressure were monitored, but did not demonstrate clear trends. An effort to modulate AUC has produced an adjuvant therapy which is employed to enhance circulation parameters, including the AUC, of nanorods and gold nanoshells. Preliminary studies demonstrated a greater than 300% increase in average AUC through the use of a reticuloendothelial blockade agent versus control groups. Given a better understanding of the relative importance of the physiological factors which impact rates of tumor accumulation, a proposed set of experimental best practices is presented.


The present work explores the use of carbon powder, recently proposed for producing plasmonic metal nanocomposites, as a means to obtain Eu3+ photoluminescence (PL) enhancements via Cu nanoclusters in glass. Phosphate glasses containing Eu2O3 and CuO were prepared by melting in ambient atmosphere with graphite powder added to the batch materials for the chemical reduction of copper(II). Optical absorption and PL spectroscopy characterizations, including emission decay dynamics, were performed. The data show consistently the effective reduction of Cu2+ ions via carbon during melting which ultimately leads to thermally induced copper particle precipitation. Further, the novel in situ concurrent PL and absorption microspectroscopy technique was employed for the real-time monitoring of the optical properties of the codoped glasses during thermal processing from 470 to 490 °C. Bidirectional energy transfer between europium ions and copper nanoclusters has been manifested through enhancement and quenching regim...


Light has a significant influence on the color of objects in the image. Sometimes scene light is comprised of mixture of several light sources, and this mixture makes it hard to achieve color constancy across the image. Having precise control over the intensity of the light sources at the capturing stage, can enable an easy light source separation by turning on a single light source for each captured frame. In other cases - prior knowledge on the cyclic behavior of the light intensity over time can be used instead, by describing each light source as a set of base functions. This enables the reconstruction of the light sources by means of inner multiplication of the video scene with the base functions. This analysis method assumes that the signal is linear, but this assumption fails when secularities or high illuminance values cause clipping or when low light conditions causes noise to be apparent in the image. By using a cyclic High Dynamic Range (HDR) sampling method the scene becomes linear and good reconstruction results are obtained. Two experiments are used to demonstrate the approach. The first shows the decomposition of two oscillating light sources and the second the decomposition of an oscillating light and sunlight.


The  packet-switch  data  network  in  most  cases  does  not guarantee  the  quality  of service  either  partially  or  completely.  Due  to  the  challenges  of  traditional  routers  to  provide this  request,  especially  for  voice  and  video,  the  Multi  Protocol  Label  Switching  (MPLS) method is used. MPLS is designed to add a set of rules to IP so that traffic can be classified, marked  and  applied  to  policies.  Traditional  IP  routing  is  based  on  passing  traffic  to  the destination as quickly as possible. As a result, the routing protocol looks for the shortest path to the destination based on the link cost (also called the metric) that the packet is forwarded to. Traditional  IP  routing  does  not  take  into  account  the  bandwidth  of  available  links.  This  can cause  some  links  to  be  used  too  much  compared  to  others.  MPLS  TE  solves  this  problem. Source-based routing is applied to traffic from the headend router (MPLS TE tunnel source). Explicitly defined paths can be configured on the headend router where traffic for a particular LSP  must  follow.  The  performance  is  measured  using  parameters  of  throughput,  delay,  jitter and packet loss. The measurement results show a throughput value of 86 Kbps, delay 0.02 s, jitter 22.42 ms and packet loss 0%.


We examine a strong chess-endgame player, previously developed by us through genetic programming, focusing on the player's emergent capabilities and tactics in the context of a chess match. First, we provide a detailed description of the evolutionary approach by which our player was developed. Then, using a number of methods we analyze the evolved player's building blocks and their effect on play level. We conclude that evolution has found combinations of building blocks that are far from trivial and cannot be explained through simple combination — thereby indicating the possible emergence of complex strategies.


Abstract Neurotoxicity from contrast media used in angiography is a rare complication from these procedures caused by disruption of the blood–brain-barrier (BBB), most of the time presenting as cortical blindness. The infrequency with which it is encountered makes it a diagnostic challenge. We present the case of a 64-year-old male who developed right hemianopsia, prosopagnosia and hallucinations after embolization of a cervical spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. The neurological deficits which appeared after the procedure, regressed completely after 48 hours. This rare entity should be kept in mind but diagnosed only when all other causes have been ruled out.


When the United States formally took control of Hawai'i in 1898, the eighty-something years of Americans living among the kanaka maoli, called "Hawaiians" in English, had already positioned them above the maka'ainana, or commoners. By the end of the nineteenth century 90o percent of all kanaka had died from foreign diseases, and the 40,000 or so still alive were almost completely Christianized. With Christianity came haole (white) notions of literacy, that is, a written alphabet. The consequences of this worked for and against the kanaka, as writing down an extremely complex language also meant applying an arbitrary simplification via the foreigner's perspective. For example, the sounds of K and T were interchangeable from region to region, but in the written version, the letter T was left out of the alphabet. Today kanaka maoli are just over two decades into a cultural renaissance that is premised in large part on recovering '6lelo Hawai'i, or what some call 'olelo makuahine-the mother tongue. As a cultural phenomenon this process is woven into the contemporary sovereignty struggle, a movement that is as much about nationalism as it is about culture. It is not uncommon now and then to see an editorial written by a kanaka maoli that criticizes the missionaries and their descendants, a number of whom were personally responsible for the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893. And without missing a beat, the newspaper follows up with a strongly worded letter from a haole person chastising the ungrateful kanaka who wrote the editorial. It usually goes something like this: "If it weren't for the missionaries there would be no Hawaiian language because they gave you people an alphabet and taught you how to read." From 1856 onward kanaka maoli wrote and published in their own


In modern metal process,in order to save material and improve its property,wires or rods are often processed by drawing.In the process,a white layer would arise from drawing.The white layer,which is very thin and hard,often leads to surface crack and even fracture of drawing units.In the previous literatures,because of its hardness approaching to that of martensite,the layer was considered martensite generated from abnormal surface temperature in the drawing process.It was fortunate that the author came across a surface crack caused by white layer.The analysis shows that the layer was a mixture of easily broken cementite and ferrite.The mixture looks like white under metallographic microscopy because the corrosive agent could not enter due to the surface tension.


The 205Tl chemical shifts, extrapolated to infinite dilution, in water, formamide, DMF, methanol, pyridine, pyrrolidine, and n-butylamine have been determined and are explained in terms of interaction strenghts.


In this paper, we consider a special class of four-dimensional real division algebras called transitive division algebras, and its subclass – transitive-diagonal division algebras. We explicitly describe the automorphism group and the derivation (Lie) algebra of any transitive-diagonal division algebra. Besides, we solve the classification problem for this family of four-dimensional real division algebras.


Nicolas arrived on the island in early summer, after his third year at university in Boston, with plans to begin writing a novel or history about his family. He'd lugged along twenty books for ideas and guidance; they took up half his bed, and each night he fell asleep to their voices. The mass of Caribbean Sea and its sky were rich blues, the colors he loved most. The island was dry, its green fading, and there was heat to contend with, something that could be relentless even when breezes rustled trees on the island's northeast coast, where Nicolas 's grandmother lived, with her dog Tina, alone. Her villa overlooked bright, green-blue bays, coves and smaller islands with suggestive names: Manacles Reef, Hell's Gate, Little Man of War Island, and Exchange Bay. On moonless nights smugglers used the dark bulks of the islands and coves to conduct their business. Nicolas imagined their boats sliding across the black water toward them, engines softly puttering. Once, late at night, he heard a gunshot. At breakfast, his grandmother, a tall, sturdy seventy with neat grey hair, said, "I'll drop you to the beach after lunch, if you like; on my way into town. There's some shopping I must do today." Nicolas looked at the mahogany furniture in the living room, the low stone walled porch outside, then the garden with soft fine grass, greener close to the shade of the house. Cacti, red and purple bougainvillea, and small citrus trees were all arranged with the attentive eye of a landscape artist in the dry earth beyond the grass that surrounded the house. Since independence, the island had lost any real sense of discipline and responsibility, and his grandmother was determined that these qualities should be visible on her property, both in and out of the house. Her several acres had been fenced to keep the bush out. In the dry weather she had the gardener work regularly. A cistern under the house collected rain from the roof, but in these dry times anything growing beyond the house's thirty-foot perimeter was left to fend for itself.


A test bed was designed and constructed specially. Face temperature of the rotary seal was accurately measured by thermalcouple. The high speed slip ring was adopted to send measuring data from the thermalcouple sensor mounted in rotational position to the fixed receiver synchronously in work condition. Face temperature was measured experimentally in accordance with the variation of sealed pressure and relative sliding speed of interface. Test results show that the method and the test bed are feasible and can dynamically measure face temperature. It provides advanced experimental means for further research on the rotary seal using sealing ring.


The paper describes a calibration system which is being used to evaluate the performance of harmonic power analyzers and related equipment. A method for verifying the software based calculations of the harmonic quantities obtained with the digital recorder of the calibration system is discussed. Test results of a harmonic power analyzer are also included. >


Oncotype Dx is an RT PCR based assay done on breast cancer tissue to test the expression of 21 tumor related genes. It provides a recurrence score (RS) to predict the risk of distant recurrence in early stage breast cancer patients who are ER positive and her2neu negative. RS is defined as low risk (0-18), intermediate (19-30), and high (over 30). By using the NSABP B14 database, it showed that adjuvant chemotherapy provides no benefit for patients with 0-18 RS but provides definite benefit to those with more than 30 RS. A prospective trial, TailoRx was started in 2007 to understand the benefits of chemotherapy in ER positive, her2neu negative, node negative breast cancer patients who had RS of 11-25 and to confirm those with low risk of 0-10 RS. Partial results of TailoRx were reported in December 2015 and complete results in June 2018. In this study, we analyze the reported use of Oncotype Dx in early breast cancer patients before 2015, between 2015-2018, and after 2018. Method: We collected 18.2 million messages from 53 different unrestricted cancer forums, including 5.8 million messages from 26 breast cancer related forums; these provided clinically relevant information to our platform, "Voice of Cancer Patients (VoCP)". We created custom ontology regarding breast cancer, GEP assays and various therapies, and then analyzed these messages by using artificial intelligence techniques, e.g., natural language processing and machine learning. We found 1.7 million messages related to early stage (1 and 2) breast cancer from 27,578 users with 4,202 users getting Oncotype Dx. Distribution of Oncotype Dx in early breast cancer patients over time Of patient who had Oncotype Dx done, 536 reported their tumor size to be less than 1 cm, 1,436 reported between 1-2 cm, 686 reported between 2-3 cm, and 338 patients reported over 3 cm. Most patients who had Oncotype Dx were ER positive and her2neu negative although 101 reported being ER negative and 185 reported being her2neu positive. Most of the ER negative patients had the test done because of the discordance between biopsy and final pathology ER status, or due to ER negative but PR positive tumor. Regardless of the reason, all reported having RS over 30. Also, all her2neu positive patients reported RS over 30. • 623 patients identified themselves as premenopausal and 101 as perimenopausal. • Of 1,630 patients who reported 0-18 RS, 459 received chemotherapy. • Of 1,080 patients with 19-30 RS, 455 received chemotherapy. • Of 507 patients who reported more than 30 RS, 65 did not get chemotherapy. Among patients with 0-25 RS, over 90% patients received chemotherapy due to their young age, 20% reported tumor size above 2 cm, 20% reported grade 3 or nodal involvement or other discordant features between Oncotype RS and pathological results. 25% patients who had 0-30 RS received chemotherapy and this did not change before or after the results of TailorRx were published. Most common chemotherapy reported was Cytoxan/Taxotere. Conclusions: • Use of Oncotype Dx almost doubled from 2012 to 2018. • Almost 25% of stage 1 and 2 patients reported getting Oncotype Dx to help in deciding about adjuvant chemotherapy. • The decision to use adjuvant chemotherapy in 0-25 RS patients is also driven by patient age and tumor characteristics and did not change in the time period studied. • VoCP provides reliable insights into patients' point of view about their disease and its treatment, and it highlights the areas of unmet needs where research and resources should be focused. Citation Format: Sangeeta Aggarwal, Guroosh Chaudhary, Manish Singh, Ankit Gupta, Rishi Sharma, Alok Aggarwal. Voice of cancer patients; patients' experience regarding use of Oncotype Dx before and after TailorRx trial results [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-02.


Localized, short echo 1H magnetic resonance spectra from an area in the parietal cortex of three patients suffering from chronic hepatic encephalopathy are compared with equivalent spectra obtained from healthy control subjects. Three significant differences are found: elevated glutamine, decreased inositol, and decreased choline peak intensities. The elevation of cerebral glutamine concentration is expected as a consequence of the presumed chronic hyperammonemia in this disease. The finding of a 50% change in the inositol peak is physiologically unexpected and so far unaccounted for.


ViBUS diseases affect the skin in a diversity of ways and the character of the eruption reflects not only the pathogenesis of the disease but also the type of tissue response to infection and the degree of viral allergy. Not all skin eruptions necessarily involve actual infection of the skin since some are probably manifestations of immunological reactions to viral antigens (Mims, 1966). There are, however, numerous infections in which invasion of the skin takes place. The distribution of lesions in these diseases is frequently not uniform and there is often a predilection for certain regions of the body, sometimes of sharply circumscribed extent. It is evident that a study of the factors which influence the dispersal of viral lesions in the skin could illuminate many aspects of the pathogenesis of particular diseases, and the cellular and tissue conditions necessary for virus growth. The purpose of the present contribution is to consider some of the factors known to have a bearing on this subject, some aspects of which have been reviewed in more detail elsewhere (Platt, 1963). Viruses may enter the skin in several ways:


Although strength exercise is often prescribed for people with haemophilia (PWH), it remains unknown how exercise variables and pain thresholds are used to prescribe strength training in PWH.


The spatial pattern of Fusarium head blight (FHB) incidence was studied in 70 winter wheat fields in New York over a period of 3 years. Incidence of FHB was randomly distributed among 60 sampling areas in 64 of the 70 fields. Fields with random FHB ranged from 0.05 to 23% in average incidence of FHB and followed bean, cabbage, corn, oat, pea, sorghum, and soybean. There was strong evidence of aggregation in FHB only in three fields that had large concentrations of corn debris. Many fields had small, scattered fragments of corn debris in evidence from a corn crop two or more years prior to wheat. The lack of aggregation in FHB and low incidences of FHB in these fields suggests that weathered corn debris contributed relatively little within-field inoculum for FHB. Based on the predominantly random patterns of FHB, disease in rotational wheat fields of New York appears to be initiated primarily by deposition of spores from diffuse atmospheric populations of G. zeae. We hypothesize that these airborne spores may originate largely from inoculum sources external to wheat fields. Overwintered corn residue, especially from the preceding crop season, on the soil surface is the most likely potential source of regional atmospheric inoculum for FHB in New York.


Background:Oxidative stress plays an important role in fetus brain development. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of melatonin against the effect of caffeine (given 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) in embryo brain.Material and Methods:For this purpose, 35 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. Pregnant rats were detected by vaginal smear test and were divided into seven groups with five rats per group.Thirty(30) mg/kg and 60 mg/kg caffeine were administered to the experimental groups between the 1st and 20th days of pregnancy, while melatonin (10 mg/kg) was administered to the treatment groups in addition to caffeine. On the 20th day of pregnancy, fetuses were taken by cesarean section and their weights/lengths were measured.Results:Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), calcium (Ca) and vitamin D (Vit D) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and total glutathione (GSH/GSSG) levels were the markers used for oxidative stress and measured by TOS/TAS and GSH/GSSG, respectively. All data were statistically evaluated.Conclusion:In this study, it was observed that high dose caffeine reduces oxidative stress in brain tissues while increasing the antioxidant level.


The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) (Aumann et al. 2003; Chahine et al. 2006) was launched in 2002 on AQUA, the second of the EOS polar-orbiting satellites. The AIRS was the first of a new generation of meteorological advanced sounders able to provide hyperspectral data for operational and research use. Initially, we briefly review the first assimilation trials to use full spatial resolution and higher spectral resolution hyperspectral radiance data, available in real time from the AIRS. The result from these assimilation trials was significant improvement in forecast skill in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS), compared to the global system without AIRS data over both the northern and southern hemispheres. A second trial was an experiment which showed the advantage of using all AIRS fields of view (fov) in the analysis as opposed to the use of sampled fields of view (typically one-in-eighteen) often used by numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres. Another trial showed the benefit of using hyperspectral data with expanded spectral coverage. We then describe recent experiments where radiances, derived from cloudy AIRS fovs and which represent the radiance emanating from the clear part of the cloudy fov, have been assimilated for global NWP. The beneficial impact of these data in the GDAS is recorded. The impact is an initial indication of the potential benefit of using cloudy hyperspectral radiances routinely in global NWP. Background


Established theories of welfare and industrialization have been abstracted from the historical experience of the Western countries and no attempt has been made to assess their empirical validity with reference to the newly industrializing countries (NICs) of the Third World. Reviewing the industrial development and social services of Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan (the four little tigers) it is argued that social policy development in these countries cannot be attributed to the effects of the conditions of industrialization in which political elites respond proactively to the demands of industrial change. Instead, social policy in the Asian NICs is largely incremental in character and the consequence of a variety of causal events which are not accounted for by established theories.


We present analytical and invariant expressions for the steady-state density matrix of atoms in a resonant radiation field with arbitrary intensity and arbitrary elliptical polarization. The field drives the closed dipole transition with arbitrary values of the angular momenta of the ground Jg and excited Je states. These transitions can be classified depending on the structure of the solution and its physical peculiarities.


The paper deals with the study of benthic insect diversity of a sewage fed pond of Aligarh. Although, insects are common components of the benthic communities, their role in the dynamics of the aquatic ecosystem and their contribution to biomass production is not well known. The compostion and abundance of benthic insects are commonly used as bioindicator to determine the impact of water pollution. The present study was carried out during the period of 2009 to 2010. The overall density in the pond constitutes twenty species. Among these species, five species belongs to order Diptera, and six species are of the Order Hemiptera, four species from Coleoptera, three species from Tricophtera and two species from Ephemeroptera. Different biological indexes were used to determine the diversity, dominance, species richness and evenness of the observed benthic insect. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index in the selected water body indicated that Chautal pond is moderately polluted. The results emphasized the importance of benthic insect population which plays an important role as pollution indicator, fish food, and important component of food chain.

 Key words: Benthos, insect, pollution, diversity indices.


This study aims to find out and analyze: 1) Form of organizational culture, environment, work motivation and employee performance, 2) Environmental influences and motivation on employee performance, 3) Environmental influences and motivation on organizational culture, 4) Effect of work motivation on employee performance , 5) The influence of the environment and motivation on employee performance through organizational culture as an intervening variable. This type of research is a design of causality. The population of this research is all employees at Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Jorong Kampung Tangan Pariaman PT amounting to 42 employees. The data collection technique is a questionnaire. The data analysis technique is path analysis. This study found that: 1) organizational culture, environment, work motivation and employee performance in the scope of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Jorong Kampung Tangah Pariaman PT in sufficient category, 2) environment and motivation have positive and significant influence on employee performance, 3) environment and have a positive and not significant effect on organizational culture, 4) Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 5) environment and performance have a significant effect on employee performance through organizational culture as an intervening variable.


It has been estimated that the amount of information in the world doubles every twenty months. Today, corporate, governmental, and scientific communities are being overwhelmed with an influx of data increasingly available in semi-structured and textual forms from the World Wide Web or via an Intranet. Knowledge discovery or data mining is the emerging field that aims at analysing massive amount of data and extracting meaningful and comprehensible patterns, called knowledge. This thesis examines the problems associated with knowledge discovery, focusing specifically on issues arising from the construction of a categorical classifier using distributed and textual data sources.
Textual documents, generally speaking, contain richer and complementary information to merely numerical data. Thus textual documents provide better resources for data mining provided there are techniques available able to fully exploit textual content. Potentially, text mining can extract more useful and relevant knowledge than traditional numeric data mining techniques.
There are at least four major steps in any knowledge discovery process: information selection, data preprocessing, mining, and interpretation of the findings.
Selecting high quality data sources and features is the first problem addressed in this study. The study suggests the notion of data quality. Data quality is independent of a particular classifier and is a proxy for the ability to solve a classification problem using pertinent data sources. Experimental results show that this quality notion does have positive correlation with the corresponding solution accuracy.
In the data preprocessing stage, we investigate ways of transforming unstructured textual data into structured feature weightings. In contrast to the methods presented in the literature, our transformed methods are specifically tailored towards solving categorical prediction problems.
As far as mining is concerned, a common situation is that there are many data sources from which to mine knowledge. One possibility is to bring together all the data sources to form a large single database. However, not only is this a costly proposition but also an infeasible one. The second possibility is to mine only one single data source and then to assume that the found knowledge is also applicable to all the other data sources. This however might bias the result. We therefore investigate a third way of mining knowledge. From each data source, only one rule is generated. Individual rules are then brought together to represent adequately the knowledge of the complete data.
Finally, we suggest and compare various ways of combining individual categorical predictions to come up with a consensus prediction. This allows distributed predictions, that is, the generation of one opinion from each data source and combination of all the opinions to form the final result.
Most of the experiments are carried out on the application of predicting the Hang Seng Index, Hong Kong's stock market index, based on financial news available on from web sources such as the Wall Street Journal and CNN. In addition, some publicly available benchmark data sets are used to verify the proposed techniques. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


This paper is based on a background paper prepared for the 1999 Africa Poverty Status Report for the SPA. The current version incorporates comments by three very experienced experts on rural health services in Africa. Its purpose is to review current thinking on issues of health and poverty in Africa and provide a basis for the design of a program of work to support the design and implementation of pro-poor health strategies in Africa. The paper summarizes the available data on health in Africa. It documents the general improvements in health status since the 1960s but points to a slowing of improvements and reversal of mortality trends in some countries. This can be attributed in part to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and a resurgence of malaria and tuberculosis. However the paper notes a relationship between the lack of basic health water and sanitation infrastructure and poor health performance. A case study of Zambia points to the importance of effective basic health services in reducing mortality. The paper reviews recent methods for incorporating the findings of cost-effectiveness studies into planning public health expenditure. It argues that data on the impact of diseases on morbidity and mortality needs to be supplemented with information on the well-being of individuals households and the community. Options for the use of public funds need to be assessed in terms of the degree to which they enable the poor to address their health needs and cope with health shocks. The paper discusses strategies for meeting the needs of the poor in a pluralist health sector. (authors modified)


This is an illustrated biography of the Sitwells. The book provides an iconography of Edith, Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell which covers 50 years of British cultural history.


This thesis examines the impact of English program on students' speaking confidence at MA Plus Burhanul Hidayah. The researcher chooses fifteen students (five students represent each classes; X, XI, and XII) of MA Plus Burhanul Hidayah. This study used mixed method research. To collect the data, the study used questionnaire, and students' interview. Questionnaire sheet and students' interview guidelines are the instruments to collect the data. The researcher uses the questionnaire sheet to know the impact of English program and interview guide is used by the researcher to know why the impact of English program arise. Some steps used to analyze the data; those are data reduction, data display¸ data transformation, data correlation, data consolidation, data comparison and data integration. The result of the study show the impact of English program on students' speaking confidence, such as; active expressing the idea, do not feel nervous to communication, do not feel afraid making mistake and some problem which causes the students' lack confidence before joining English program, such as; worry about making mistakes, shy of the attention, feel nervous, do not know the meaning of the words in English and difficult to express the information in mind. The study shows that English program gives many impacts to students and the learning process. Moreover, in speaking confidence, the impact of English program could make the students solve problems about self-confidence and motivated in learning English. It also gives the teacher a great help in teaching and learning English.


Fluconazole(FLK) is a synthetic triazole derivative antifungal agent that has been shown to be effective against a wide range of systemic and superficial fungal infections. A simple, cost effective, precise, accurate, and stability-indicating isocratic Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of FLK in bulk drug and in its tablets. The use of UPLC, with a rapid 5-minute-reversed-phase isocratic separation on a 1.7 μm reversed-phase packing material to provide rapid " high throughput " support for FLK, is demonstrated. The method was developed using Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm× 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of water and acetonitrile (80:20 v/v). The eluted compound was detected at 210 nm with a UV detector. The standard curve of mean peak area versus concentration showed an excellent linearity over a concentration range 0.3–80 μg.mL −1 FLK with regression coefficient (r 2) value of 0.9999. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.1 μg mL −1 and the limit of quantification (S/N = 10) was 0.3 μg mL −1. Forced degradation of the bulk sample was conducted in accordance with the ICH guidelines. Acidic, basic, hydrolytic, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic degradations were used to assess the stability indicating power of the method. The drug was found to be stable in acidic, basic, thermal, hydrolytic, and photolytic stress conditions and showed slight degradation in oxidative stress condition.


: Advances in rocket performance depend heavily upon improved and properly integrated propulsion system. This project provides a discussion about the design procedure of supersonic convergent-divergent (C-D nozzle). The C-D nozzles both conical and contour are designed on an assumption of the isentropic flow of the perfect gas. The computer code which uses the method of characteristics and the stream function to define high efficiency nozzle profile for isentropic, inviscid, ir-rotational supersonic flows of any working fluid for any user-defined exit Mach number. The designed nozzle area ratio is compared to theoretical area ratios for the selected fluid and desired exit Mach number. The nozzle geometry obtained from the code is independently checked with the commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. ANSYS-FLUENT has been used to simulate flow on nozzle to verify the isentropic flow.


Ubiquitous learning and Calm Computing are hot research topics affecting the field of education for an information-rich world. Calm computing aims to reduce the "excitement" of information overload by letting the learner select what information is at the center of their attention and what information need to be at the peripheral. The objective of calm computing as a new delivery of education is to move e-learning and ubiquitous learning a step further from learning at anytime anywhere to be at the right time and right place with right learning resources and right learning functionalities and collaborative peers. In this paper we report on the adaptation of calm computing technologies in a ubiquitous educational setting with emphasis on the need to cater the preferences of the individual learner to respond to the challenge of providing truly- learner-centered, accessible, personalized and powered with the capability of collaborative learning within a social networking environment. Central to this vision is the development of Installable e-Learning Objects ( Ie_LO ) where learners are able to create, personalize or deploy them over the internet but they do not require the presence of the web browser.


The novel corona virus (COVID-19) has turned out to be the biggest challenge of 21 century. Since, it is spreading at a very high pace all over the world, fast and accurate detection of this virus becomes a necessity. However, the human annotation of images is time-consuming; it is not a good strategy for dealing with big amounts of medical imaging data. This work looks at the experimental examination of features that are well-suited for examining X-ray pictures in COVID19. This investigation encompasses the series of steps, including data augmentation, pre-processing, feature extraction using GLCM followed by feature selection using PCA, and finally classification is performed by Light Gradient Boosting Machine. The proposed method was validated by comparing it to COVID-19 X-ray dataset, with an accuracy achieved is 92.40%.


Letter from [Ludwig] Huth to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] regarding Casette's refusal to marry. He also tells him that he is sending Philipp Schneider, a gardener, at his own expense and that he is to work Huth's land until his passage is repaid. Mr. Reigert is taking grape sprouts to Texas and hopes to make wine. At the end is a short letter from August [Huth] to [Ferdinand] Louis [Huth] regarding two boxes of wicker and that Maas has gotten married.


In this work, we describe two of our experiences applying BDD: one at a large publisher of financial information and business news, and the other in a secure collaboration platform vendor. The team composition involves both a local team and an external service provider. We analyze two adoption processes, one driven by the product team, and the other driven by the development team. We cover the communication benefits and impacts on areas such as stakeholder alignment, software design, code refactoring, and bug fixing. We also discuss lessons learned, caveats and how we plan to expand this practice in the future.


Lusheng of the Shui nationality(languages of the Shui nationality called it for bu yin)is the instrument that is keen on by Shui nationality people.During festivals or ritual activities,the Shui nationality siblings like to play Lusheng.Lusheng dance of the Shui nationality has functions of ancestor worship entertainment and funeral service.The view of Lusheng of the Shui nationality is handed down from Lusheng of the Miao nationality is put forward different opinions according to the difference of compilation,modeling,dance,music and clothing between Lusheng Mang tube dance of the Shui nationality and Lusheng Mang tube dance of the Miao nationality in this article.


This chapter develops an original account of what unjust subordination consists in. It then uses this account to argue that both direct and indirect discrimination are often wrongful because of their contribution to unjust subordination. The chapter begins by arguing that we need to move away from individualistic conceptions of subordination and to consider subordination as something that happens to a person by virtue of her membership in social groups. It then lays out a set of four common and morally salient features of situations in which one social group is subordinated by others, and it uses these to help analyze cases of discrimination. In particular, the chapter calls attention to the role of "structural accommodations." These are policies, practices, and physical structures that tacitly accommodate a more privileged group's needs at the expense of subordinated groups. Structural accommodations help us understand how indirect discrimination, too, can be wrongfully subordinating.


The National Rental Affordability Scheme (NRAS) was introduced by the Federal Government of Australia, on the 1 July 2008. Whilst the primary aim of the scheme is to provide new dwellings for low to middle income Australian families, there is also the added bonus of a tax incentive program for property investors. In contrast, whilst public housing and welfare programs are not accompanied by tax incentives for property investors, these are also generally considered as suitable options for providing affordable rental housing. The purpose of this research paper is to undertake a comparison of NRAS against other welfare programs, such as public housing and to evaluate the long term viability of these programs and schemes. It is argued, that in the long term, schemes such as NRAS, which are accompanied by tax incentives for property investors, are able to provide a more permanent solution to the housing rental affordability issues within Australia.


In accordance with the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development,this paper proposes that applied undergraduate education should be implemented in newly-founded local undergraduate colleges and universities.Cultivating talents with applied competence is aimed to satisfy the needs of the local area,define the norms of personnel training and highlight practical teaching steps.Combined with the implementation of "Quality Project",some measures are put forward to practice the training of application-oriented talents,i.e.establishing right educational concept,innovating the pattern of personnel training,intensifying curriculum construction and reform,highlighting practical competence training and strengthening the construction of teaching staff with academic nature and double qualities.


The fatty acid composition of the various lipid fractions of Periplanteta americana was analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography at successive stages during embryogenesis. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of at least 30 fatty acids during all stages of the life cycle ranging in carbon chain length from C6 through C24. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids composed over 95% of the total fatty acids. The percentage distribution of major fatty acids remained constant throughout the life cycle. Total fatty acid content decreased by 28% during development mainly because of the catabolism of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids. Fatty acid patterns suggest that partially hydrolyzed triglyceride molecules are converted to phospholipid molecules during development.


Planetary atmospheres are important reservoirs controlling many parameters defining a planet's habitability ( e.g. [1]). Temporal changes of the elemental and isotopic composition of volatile elements in the Earth's atmosphere reflect the entire geological history of our planet [2]. However, paleo-atmospheric proxies are scarce and prevent from drawing a clear picture of Earth's evolution through geological time. In this study, we explored the potential of post-impact hydrothermal minerals as new paleo-atmospheric proxies. We measured the elemental and isotopic composition of Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in fluids released from fluid inclusions contained in quartz and carbonate crystals from hydrothermal veins and breccia fillings from the 206.92 ± 0.32 Myr old Rochechouart impact structure in France [3]. Petrographic observations reveal the presence of primary fluid inclusions within quartz and carbonate samples (Fig. 1). Fluid inclusion assemblages indicate coeval trapping of liquid + vapor, liquid-only, and vapor ± liquid inclusions. This is possibly indicative of the boiling of an aqueous fluid at low-pressure conditions under a high geothermal gradient. Noble gas analyses confirm a strong atmospheric signature for the fluids. For neon, only two samples show deviations relative to air, one with a contribution from nucleogenic Ne and one showing mass-dependent isotopic fractionation of Ne isotopes, maybe due to diffusive loss from this sample. 38 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios are air-like and 40 Ar/ 36 Ar ratios cluster around 300. The isotopic compositions of Kr and Xe are identical, within errors, to the composition of the modern Earth's atmosphere (


Very little is known about whether and what kinds of research are being undertaken at private higher education institutions (PHEIs) in South Africa. This article draws on a recent survey of all registered PHEIs undertaken by a group of interested private higher education providers. This survey was facilitated by the Council on Higher Education (CHE) and aimed to examine the quantity and quality of research produced by PHEIs from 2008 to 2010. Placing PHEI research output within the broader context of factors that encourage or discourage research in the sector and in the country as a whole, the survey found that, although PHEI research is negligible in comparison with that of public universities, it is much more substantial than previously estimated.


Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus is caused by immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells leading to insulin deficiency, impaired intermediary metabolism, and elevated blood glucose concentrations. While at autoimmune diabetes onset a limited number of β-cells persist, the cells' regenerative potential and its regulation have remained largely unexplored. Using two mouse autoimmune diabetes models, this study examined the proliferation of pancreatic islet ß-cells and other endocrine and non-endocrine subsets, and the factors regulating that proliferation. Methodology and Principal Findings We adapted multi-parameter flow cytometry techniques (including DNA-content measurements and 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine [BrdU] incorporation) to study pancreatic islet single cell suspensions. These studies demonstrate that β-cell proliferation rapidly increases at diabetes onset, and that this proliferation is closely correlated with the diabetic animals' elevated blood glucose levels. For instance, we show that when normoglycemia is restored by exogenous insulin or islet transplantation, the β-cell proliferation rate returns towards low levels found in control animals, yet surges when hyperglycemia recurs. In contrast, other-than-ß endocrine islet cells did not exhibit the same glucose-dependent proliferative responses. Rather, disease-associated alterations of BrdU-incorporation rates of δ-cells (minor decrease), and non-endocrine islet cells (slight increase) were not affected by blood glucose levels, or were inversely related to glycemia control after diabetes onset (α-cells). Conclusion We conclude that murine β-cells' ability to proliferate in response to metabolic need (i.e. rising blood glucose concentrations) is remarkably well preserved during severe, chronic β-cell autoimmunity. These data suggest that timely control of the destructive immune response after disease manifestation could allow spontaneous regeneration of sufficient β-cell mass to restore normal glucose homeostasis.


The object which we offer here, kindly entrusted to us by the British Museum for publication, is a typical and very interesting product of Hittite glyptic. We are dealing with a stamp seal of haematite with a circular base and concave lateral surface. The handle, which is faceted, is broken in its upper part, hence there remains no trace of the "grip" which was evidently, when compared with other similar specimens, of a "hammer" or "knob" shape. The surface of the base, which is engraved, is not intact but is damaged at several points around the border. The height of the part preserved, in its highest section, is 28·5 mm., and the diameter is 29 mm. The carved surface, as we see it, consists of two concentric areas: a central field, enclosed by a line and containing three hieroglyphic signs or characters, two of which are the same, surrounded by a border with figures in which it is possible to distinguish two groups or scenes. In the first group (a) a lion with wide open mouth and a bull with lowered head are facing each other as though about to fight, on either side of a tree with branches adorned with a tripartite motif; a similar ornament is repeated in the field above the back of the bull, alongside a v-shaped motif; another tripartite element is to be found in the empty space above the lion. The tails of the animals are characteristic: the bull has a lowered tail, its tip tripartite (to render the tuft of hair); that of the lion is turned upwards and is curved, as is often the case in Hittite scenes.


We present nonlinear conduction phenomena in the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 investigated with a proper evaluation of self-heating effects. By utilizing a non-contact infrared thermometer, the sample temperature was accurately determined even in the presence of large Joule heating. We find that the resistivity continuously decreases with currents under an isothermal environment. The nonlinearity and the resulting negative differential resistance occurs at relatively low current range, incompatible with conventional mechanisms such as hot electron or impact ionization. We propose a possible current-induced gap suppression scenario, which is also discussed in non-equilibrium superconducting state or charge-ordered insulator.


E = u x B + j / o , (1.3) where, in standard notation, E and B represent electric and magnetic fields, j is electric current density, U is velocity field, and U is the electrical conductivity of the fluid. Elimination of j and E from (1.1)-(1.3) gives the well-known induction equation dB/at = V X (U x B) + qV2B, (1.4) where q = (pea)-' is the magnetic diffusivity of the fluid (assumed uniform). In the context of planetary interiors, it is certainly reasonable to suppose that we are dealing with an incompressible fluid, i.e.


Mnb/Dyrk1A is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase implicated in Down's syndrome. Mnb/Dyrk1A was shown to phosphorylate dynamin 1 and alter its interactions with several SH3 domain-containing endocytic accessory proteins. To determine the mechanism of regulation, we mapped the Mnb/Dyrk1A phosphorylation sites in dynamin 1. Using a combination of deletion mutants and synthetic peptides, three potential Mnb/Dyrk1A phosphorylation sites (S778, S795, and S857) were first identified. Phosphorylation at S795 and S857 was confirmed in full-length dynamin 1, and S857 was subsequently determined to be the major Mnb/Dyrk1A phosphorylation site in vitro. Phosphorylation at S857 was demonstrated to be the basis for altering the binding of dynamin 1 to amphiphysin 1 and Grb 2 by site-directed mutants mimicking phosphorylation. Furthermore, S857 of dynamin 1 is phosphorylated by the endogenous kinase in brain extracts and in PC12 cells. In PC12 cells, the state of S857 phosphorylation is dependent on membrane pot...


The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and the association between physical activity and sedentary behaviors with higher perceived stress in industrial workers. For this purpose, we used a cross-sectional design in which participants were selected using a 2-stage sampling process among industrial workers in Pernambuco state (northeast of Brazil). Data were obtained by using a previously validated questionnaire (Lifestyle and Leisure Habits of Industrial Workers). Higher perceived stress was referred by 13.2% and 45.2% were inactive during leisure-time. The prevalence of workers who reported spending >2 hours/day watching television was 31.8% and 57.4%, respectively, in week and in weekend days. It was observed, among men, a positive association between the TV-watching hours in week days with a higher perceived stress. It was concluded that the likelihood of referring higher perceived stress was greater among men exposed to sedentary behavior.


An informal exploratory study of psi that occurs while asleep and dreaming was performed to determine if it was possible to experience precognitive dreams about photographs that would be published in future newspaper articles. Operational constraints were newspapers (USA Today and two local newspapers), specific pages and the future time of publication. Sketches of dreams that occurred on the nights when future news photographs were the intended target were compared to all possible photographs within the operational constraints. Selection of the photograph that best correlated with the dream imagery was based on a pattern matching process of comparing forms, spatial relationships, colors and dynamics in the dreams and the photographs. This exploratory precognitive dream series yielded dream-photograph matches with a high degree of correlation, thereby providing strong evidence for precognition. This series also provided insight into the psi dream or dream state psi process. Some concepts on the source or origin of precognition are considered.


To The Editor, Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is highly efficacious for the treatment of actinic keratosis (AK), Bowen's disease (BD) and superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC), and efficacious in thin nodular BCCs (nBCC) (1). It is generally well tolerated, with pain or discomfort being a known side effect (1). Pain is typically described as a burning or stinging sensation of varying intensity. Prior studies looking at factors which influence pain during PDT have shown conflicting results (2–5). The aim of our study was to identify any patient or treatment factors associated with higher levels of pain during PDT and to assess the effect of pretreatment analgesia. Treatment is standardised in our centre and documented in a standard treatment proforma. Patients receive one treatment per course for AK and two treatments per course, one week apart, for BD and BCC. Methyl aminolevulinate (MAL–Metvix Photocure ASA, Oslo, Norway) is used as a photosensitising agent. Wood's lamp fluorescence (WLF) is used to assess absorption of the photosensitiser (excellent/good/poor). The Aktilite (Photocure ASA) (LED red light, 630 nm, 37J/cm) or Waldmann 1200L (Waldmann Medizintechnik, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany) (filtered halogen lamp, non-coherent red light, 570–730 nm, 50J/cm) light-source is used. Patients complete a visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) to grade their pain during and after treatment. The highest pain score experienced during treatment is documented (range 0–100). Patients who are unable to complete a VAPS, for example, due to eyesight difficulty, are asked to grade their pain on a similar scale. Patients are offered oral analgesia 30 min pretreatment, and type of analgesia taken is documented. A fan and cooling water spray are provided during treatment. Following ethics approval, retrospective chart review was completed. Data were compiled in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). All AK, BD and BCC treated between 2009 and mid-2015 were included in analysis. Complete data sets were available on all patients. Pearson's chi-square, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to obtain Pvalues, unless otherwise stated. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression. For the purpose of binary logistic regression, a dichotomous pain response was defined by dividing the VAPS into two groups at the median 40 (1–40 and 41–100). In total, 200 cases of AK, BD and BCC, in 109 patients were analysed. The average age was 74.6 years (Standard Deviation [SD] 9.55 range 33–96). The femaleto male-percentage split was 61 : 39. Sixty nine per cent of lesions were located on the limbs, 17% on the trunk and 14% on the head/neck. Fifty four per cent of lesions were BD, 24% BCC and 22% AK.


The cell membranes of microorganisms appear to be rather complex, metabolically active entities, equipped with many specific active transport mechanisms which mediate the uptake and accumulation of a variety of compounds. Bacteria have been shown to accumulate amino acids (Cohen and Rickenberg, 1956; Gale, 1947; 1953), carbohydrates (Cohen and Monod, 1957; Rickenberg et al., 1956), and inorganic phosphate (Mitchell and Moyle, 1953; Mitchell, 1954) against apparent concentration gradients. Still more recent reports suggest the presence of specific permease systems for acetylornithine (Vogel, 1960) and citrate (Waterbury and MacDonald, 1960) in bacteria. Except for the recent studies of the galactoside permease system, very little is understood about the mechanism of these active transport systems. This paper presents evidence for a sulfatetransfer mechanism in strains of Penicillium chrysogenum. One high penicillin-yielding mutant, strain 51-20F3, has been shown to be able to accumulate inorganic sulfate within its mycelium to a concentration of 25 to 35 mM.


The rapid influx of smart devices into the home has caused a shift in the way the entertainment industry envisions TV viewing experiences. The traditional TV-watching experience is now being superseded by multi-device experiences where TV viewers increasingly use companion devices as second-screens to interact with content on the television. To improve user engagement, many TV broadcasters are investigating/standardising technologies for multi-device next-generation content production and presentation on commodity devices. We believe that technological innovation to enable richer experiences is still in its infancy. In this paper, we introduce an ongoing work to enable immersive and interactive multi-device online TV experiences. Our project covers three essential aspects: content authoring, device discovery, and cross-device media orchestration.


Extracts of 19 plant species were tested for oviposition deterrent activities against Nilaparvata lugens Stal.The results showed that,after 24h treated with 10mg/mL concentration,oviposition deterrent indices(ODI) of extracts of Gelsemium elegans Benth(leaf),Toona sureni(Bl.) Merr(leaf) and Brucea javanica(L.) Merr(fruit) possessed over 70%.The ODI of the rest extracts possessed fewer than 70%.The active components were tested by the bioassay.The results after 24h treatments indicated that the ODI of extracts of Toona sureni(Bl.)Merr(leaf) by chloroform and ethyl acetate were 98.17% and 88.70%,respectively.Extracts of Gelsemium elegans Benth(leaf) by chloroform and butanol were 90.26% and 63.19%,respectively.Extracts of Brucea javanica(L.) Merr(fruit) by liposolubility reached 86%.The other extracts of the active components were lower than 65%.


The advanced Online Grading System (OGS) allows for multimedia input including video, audio, and text along with interactive rubrics. These types of feedback systems can be standalone or integrated into a learning management system. Utilizing a media system can provide deeper engagement and higher quality of grading for students. In this chapter, an integrated grading system was used in order to test the amount of feedback, time to give feedback, and satisfaction for students with multimedia feedback.


The author in his Introduction gives the reasons why one should consider the two-dimensional analysis and non-insulated tip. Briefly, he states the '' mathematics in the one-dimensional solu- tion are not difficult, because of large heat transfer coefficients, the tip should no be considered insulated, and the two- dimensional solution is more difficult .'' However, the following discussion will show that the above are rather superficial state- ments without any scientific basis. The dimensionless variables employed by the author are not appropriate, this leads to n con- fusing results.


The Hellenic Open University (HOU) has embarked on a large-scale effort to enhance its textbook-based material with content that is conducive to mature students' learning needs and supports the basic tenets of distance learning. It has selected the development and deployment of streaming media based content as one of its key priorities and now faces the challenge of setting up a framework that allows for the production-level creation, distribution and consumption of content, as well as the issue of evaluating its effort in terms of technological, educational and organisational knowledge gained.


Abstract We report laboratory intensity measurements for the weak ν 9 (998.8 cm −1 ) and intense ν 10 (841.1 cm −1 ) bands of allene. Allene is predicted to be a constituent of Titan's atmosphere, and measurements of its abundance would yield important information about the atmospheric chemistry of that body. Spectra were obtained at a temperature of 200 K (approximating Titan conditions) using the high-resolution FTS instrument at Kitt-Peak National Observatory's McMath-Pierce observatory. A total of 505 ν 9 and 687 ν 10 line intensities were fit using a least-squares method to accurately determine two sets of transition dipole moments. Integrated band intensities computed utilizing the fitted parameters were found to be 36 ± 4% cm −2 atm −1 and 301 ± 4% cm −2 atm −1 for ν 9 and ν 10 , respectively, at 200 K.


Objective To evaluate the accuracy, of different threshold segmentation of 18FDG PET for target volume delineation of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and the potential influence on radiotherapy treatment planning. Methods Eight NSCLC patients who had tumor with clear margin on CT scan and the amplitude of tumor movements not more than 5 mm were enrolled. PET scans were carried out at 1 h after intravenous injection of 18FDG with CT image for attenuation revisement. Gross target volume (GTV) delineated on CT image ( GTVCT ) was used as the standard. Then, GTVs were delineated on PET image with three different threshold segmentation of 42% Imax(total) (42% of maximum voxel intensity within the tumor) ,Iback + 20% Imax-back(max) (mean background intensity + 20% of normalized background-subtracted maximum voxel intensity within the tumor) and Iback -20% Imax-back(slice) (mean background intensity + 20% of normalized background-subtracted maximum voxel intensity of each slice within the tumor) ,the corresponding GTV was named as GTV42%, GTV20%max and GTV20%slice. Both the size of GTV42%, GTV20%max, GTV20%slice and GTVCT,and the coverage over GTVCT for each GTV were compared. A three dimensional margin of 1 cm were added to GTVCT, GTV42%, GTV20%max and GTV20%slice to form corresponding PTVCT, PTV42%, PTV20%max and PTV20%slic e. Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy treatment plans were designed based on PTVCT,PTV42% , PTV20%max and PTV20%slice respectively for each patient. The prescription dose of all PTVs was 66 Gy in 33 fractions in 6.6 weeks. Both the volume accepting dose less than 95% of prescription dose within PTVCT ( VPTV ) and the lung V20 were compared among the four plans based on different PTVs. Tumor control probability(TCP) as well as lung normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were also compared. Resuits Eight patients were enrolled in this study. Median deviation of volume between GTVPET and GTVCT were -54.1% , -21.5 % and 5.3 % for GTV42% , GTV20%max and GTV20%slice, respectively. Median coverage over GTVCT of GTV42% , GTV20%max and GTV20%slice was 45.9% ,78.0% and 95.3% respectively( F = 57.50,P<0.01). Median 7.5% of VPTV was observed for radiotherapy treatment plan based on PTV42% ,which meant that it might induce median 1% decrease of TCP comparing with that of radiotherapy treatment plan based on PTVCT. Whereas,there were only 1.3% and 0.0% of VPTV for treatment plans based on PTV20%max and PTV20%slice respectively. As far as TCP was concemed, both PTV20%max group and PTV20%slice group were superior to PTV42% group,there was no significant difference among PTV20%max group, PTV20%slice group and PTVCT group. Lung V20 and lung NTCP showed no significant difference among all groups. Conclusions The threshold segmentation of Iback + 20% Imax-back(slice) , being slice specialized, might be an optimal threshold segmentation for target volume delineation of lung caner. Independent of information of target volume provided by CT scan in advance,it is recommended to use for the target volume delineation of NSCLC with atelectasis.

Key words:
Carcinoma,non-small cell lung/radiotherapy;  Target volume delineation;  Positron emission, tomography


The one and two ion beam instability is considered as a possible explanation for the observations of broad band electrostatic noise in the plasma sheet region of the geomagnetic tail. When only hot streaming plasma sheet boundary layer ions are present, no broad band waves are excited. Cold, streaming ionospheric ions can generate electrostatic broad band waves propagating in the slow beam acoustic mode, but the growth rates of the waves are significantly enhanced when hot boundary layer ions are present. (Both the slow and fast beam acoustic modes can be excited, depending on the relative ion drift.) This model predicts that the wave intensity of the broad band noise should peak in the plasma sheet boundary layer. Observations of less intense electrostatic waves in the lobes and plasma sheet are likely a result of the absence of hot ion beams or large ion temperatures, respectively, which result in smaller growth rates. The ion beam instability may play an important role in the formation of the central plasma sheet.


In this study, the conditions leading to the formation of cells and to the onset of crystallization of polycarbonate were examined with the use of supercritical carbon dioxide for the production of foams from preforms. Small plaques cut from extruded sheets were treated with supercritical carbon dioxide in an autoclave at temperatures varying from 60 to 200°C and from 4.5 to 30 MPa pressure. Visual observations and stereoscan electron microscopy examination revealed that penetration of supercritical carbon dioxide takes place via the advancing layer mechanism and that, for the particular grade of polycarbonate used in this study, the nucleation of the cells can take place at temperatures as low as 60°C. It requires, however, long treatment times and high pressures, and the growth of foam cells is severely restricted. Nucleation and growth of cells occurred much more readily at somewhat higher temperatures. With treatments at around 80°C, the onset of crystallization started to impose considerable hindrance to the formation of uniform and evenly distributed cells. This becomes increasingly evident at higher temperatures, between 100 and 180°C, owing to the formation of large spherulitic crystalline domains. A very effective nucleation and growth mechanism for the formation of cells was obtained, on the other hand, with treatments at 200°C due to the absence of crystallization phenomena. The degree of crystallinity increased with increasing treatment temperature, and the resulting morphology gave rise to two broad melting peaks. These are displaced to higher temperatures and become closer, merging into one peak with a low-temperature shoulder. These events were monitored by thermal analysis and wide-angle X-ray diffraction examinations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 25:225–235, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20075


Young i¬ rms are an engine of job creation, but little is known about the quality of the jobs that they oi¬€er. I use a matched employer-employee dataset to study how starting wages and lifecycle earnings of employees dii¬€er between young and mature i¬ rms. I i¬ nd that young i¬ rms pay a small premium to new hires, but subsequent wage growth is better at mature i¬ rms, both within continuing job matches and when individuals change jobs. These results are coni¬ rmed by several approaches to addressing sorting and selection of employees into i¬ rms of dii¬€erent ages. There is substantial heterogeneity of outcomes: the few young i¬ rms that survive and become highly productive pay higher wages to employees from the outset than less successful young i¬ rms. Overall, highly-paid and stable jobs at young i¬ rms are rare. Policies that aim to stimulate job growth by encouraging the formation of new i¬ rms should therefore pay close attention to the types of i¬ rms that form as a result.


Solid electrolytes are a class of solids which show high ionic conductivities despite their rigid structure. These materials are characterised by their high ionic conductivities with a similar orde...


The adoption of information technology is expected to have major impacts on firm and industry organization. We study the personal computer industry, and find a shift from supply-driven to demand-driven production, accompanied by the creation of a modular production and distribution network. The use of IT has been a key enabler of both trends, allowing firms to coordinate more complex business processes associated with demand-driven production, to standardize data transfers among firms, and to reduce the asset specificity of investments made by PC makers and their suppliers.


SOPHONISBA PRESTON BRECKINRIDGE was a member of many different communities. May I speak first of her membership in the community of scholars, and particularly in the University of Chicago community. Already a full-fledged member of the bar, she became a University of Chicago Fellow in political science in 1898 and carried on her scholarly work here for half a century. To our community of scholars she made a rich and notable contribution?


There is a concern in Brazil and world about the quality of teacher training. The training teacher process which should specify content and pedagogical techniques needed to teach with mastery, thus contributing to economic and social development. Among the many concerns of experts are the books used in the teaching coursers. Usually, the books do many simplifications or traditionalist didactics, what impairs learning. In this context, the present research focuses on to investigate how elementary books used in the Physics Degree courses introduce the content about "Fall of bodies". Ten books used in the mains Federal Institutions were analyzed. Data show that despite 100% of the books discuss the theme, only 80% use mathematics as support; this number decreases to 30% for more detailed descriptions of resistive forces. There is also a worrying as for mathematical simplification; only 20% of the books analyzed solved the differential equation for the terminal velocity of the falling object for low velocities. Another important result is that none of the analyzed books solved the equation necessary to find the terminal velocity of the object at high speeds. In didactic aspects, it was observed that most of the books treat the theme in a traditional way, not taking into consideration other important Educational Theories. These results point out that teachers working in Physics Teacher Training Courses and also in other areas should be critical of books using.


The invention discloses a protective circuit for anti-strong electromagnetic pulse interference, comprising a high-current switch circuit, a protective circuit and a trigger circuit; the input end ofthe trigger circuit is connected with a protected interface, and the high-current switch circuit is triggered to be conducted in the case of electromagnetic pulse interference; the first port of the high-current switch circuit is connected with the output end of the protected circuit, the second port is connected with the output end of the trigger circuit, the third port is grounded, thereby leading high current to be discharged to the ground when the switch circuit is conducted; and the input end of the protective circuit is connected with a protected port so as to protect the switch circuit.The application of the protective circuit is wide, high current coupled to electronic equipment can be discharged to the ground rapidly, and the voltage of the protected port can be clamped at a proper value.


An empirical reliability model for electromigration-induced failure in metal interconnects under thermal, electrical, and thermal gradient stress is introduced. Based upon the limited reported measurements on static thermal gradient stress that are available, this model incorporates thermal gradient stress into the probability density function of the time to failure, tF. With this model, temperature measurement accuracy and temperature gradient measurement accuracy requirements for multi-site on-chip sensors that can be used in power/thermal management algorithms are developed that target achieving 10% accuracy in the median time to failure (MTF) of a circuit.


The profiles of utilization of 20 protein amino acids 118 strains of A. baumannii, 9 strains of A. pitti, 7 strains of A. nosocomial were studied. Utilization of amino acids was determined on a minimum salt agar with an amino acid as the only source of nitrogen and carbon. Species identification of acinetobacters was carried out by matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry with a database of Biotyper (by BrukerDaltonics Inc. Germany.) At A. baumannii was identified 14 profiles utilization of protein amino acids, of which the first 6 profiles included 87,3% of the strains. For the first time, a wide spread of A. baumannii strains that do not utilize L-histidine - 56 (47,4%) strains was established. Signs of utilization of L-histidine (His+) or lack of utilization (His-) persist steadily in repeated strains isolated from patients. It is proposed to subdivide all the strains of A. baumannii for two trophies: the «histidine-negative trophy (His-)», which does not utilize L-histidine as the sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and the «histidine-positive trophy (His+)», which utilize it, which will be useful for epidemiological surveillance. In bacteria, A. pittii and A. nosocomial are installed close phenotypic similarity with A. baumannii at the profiles of utilization of amino acids, which proves the validity of combining these species in a complex of A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii. Bacteria of the species A. pittii and A. nosocomial has no«histidine-negative trophy (His-)», that distinguishes them from A. baumannii.


The reynoutria elliptica root is primally crushed to be dipped for 3-20 days at 4-25 deg.C in 1-15 times volume of ethyl acetate or diethy ether or lower alcohol of which carbon number is 1-3 and avaiable component is extracted from roots. After perfectly evaporating solvent, 0.001-5 wt.% of extract of reynoutria elliptica root is mixed with a cosmetic material.


Introduction The Transformation of the World Economy From the Multinational to the Global Market From the Multinational Corporation to the Global Corporation The Portrait of the Global Corporation Vision Competitive Strategy Coordination Communication Incentives Summary and Conclusions Index


The aim of this study is to analyse the Swedish state´s ambition in achieving equality among its citizens. By studying the new urban policy introduced by the government in 1998 from a theoretical p ...


In planning a new off-campus graduate degree program for adults, attention should be given to assessing needs both externally and internally.


A new method of wavelength tuning for actively mode-locked semiconductor lasers is proposed. A fabricated laser integrated with electro-absorption modulator and two apodized chirped gratings shows a wavelength tuning range of 6.5 nm.


Photograph of Turkish Dancers performing at the Texas Folklife Festival in San Antonio, Texas. The male and female dances stand in a line, holding hands as they bow to the audience. The women wear long jackets over white dresses, dark pants, fabric head coverings, and black shoes, while the men wear striped shirts, hats with black sashes, belts, loose pants, and black shoes.


In this paper we improve and extend some best proximity point results concerning the so-called proximal contractions. Specifically, compactness assumptions under the sets A and B are removed to consider completeness conditions instead.


After James Hornell (1946), and Basil Greenhill (1971), Boats of South Asia is the first attempt to study the traditional watercrafts of South Asia. Also, it is the first systematic study of the ethnographic aspects of South Asian boats. Being valuable for ethnographers, maritime archaeologists and historians, this book sets the boats in their geographical environment and technological and social context. The book describes selected boats (their building and use) of South Asia as they were at the end of the twentieth century. The Bankata (the reverse clinker boat) of Bangladesh; the Patia (the reverse clinker boat) of Orissa and West Bengal; the hulk fashioned boat of Bangladesh; the Masula (the sewn boat) of South India; the Madel Paruwa (the sewn boat) of Sri Lanka; the Vattai (frame first vessel) of Tamil Nadu; and the hide boats of river Kaveri of South India are the seven types of watercraft that are documented in the book with care. Despite the lack of time, difficulties in language and the use of interpreters, the author has produced a most comprehensive study on boats. Besides the technological aspect of boat building, the ritual aspects are also covered in the book. And, importantly, the terms for the parts of boats are given with their English equivalents in the glossary section. One realises the implications of this research in South Asia from the increasing awareness of how the documentation of traditional boats can lead to a greater understanding not only of the South Asia's maritime past but also of the aspects of European maritime archaeology and history. There is an example in the seventh chapter that is concerned with Tamil frame-first boats and ships and the possible European origin of the methods used to design them. There is also the European aspect in the second and third chapters that deals with the reverse-clinker boats of Bangladesh and Orissa/West Bengal. In this case, a direct link between South Asia B O O K R E V I E W S


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and knowledge of, and access to, Papanicolaou (Pap) testing among Hispanic and Native-American women.

DESIGN
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted by surveying Hispanic and Native-American women. The survey was developed with the constructs of the Preventive Health Model and was designed to assess background characteristics, representation factors, social influence factors, and program factors among Hispanic and Native-American females.

PARTICIPANTS
Hispanic (n=48) and Native-American (n=68) women aged 18 to 89 years.

SETTING
The surveys were distributed in several community health event sites throughout the Kansas City Metropolitan Area.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary response (dependant) variables include knowledge, cervical screening intentions, and perceptions regarding the use of the Pap test.

RESULTS
Most of the women surveyed (97%) had heard about Pap testing and reported having had a Pap test. Abnormal Pap test results were reported by 36% of the respondents. Acculturation and less income were significant factors in whether respondents could afford a Pap test, had health insurance, had a regular healthcare provider, and worried that a Pap test would uncover cervical cancer. Income was additionally related to having a doctor recommend Pap testing, the ability to get to the doctors' office during office hours, and fear of a cervical cancer diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
Acculturation (or language) and income were determinants of Pap screening behavior among Native-American and Hispanic women.


Adsorption is surface phenomenon in which collection or accumulation of surface on the surface of the surface of the solid or liquid takes place. It is a physio chemical process in which dissolved molecules are attached to the surface of an adsorbent by physical and chemical forces. The substance which adsorbs another substance on its surface is called adsorbent. While the substance which itself get adsorbed on the surface of another substance is called adsorbate. One of the most important environmental problems that the industrial waste is facing today is to eliminate color from the dyes effluent into waste water. More than 10000 different dyes are used in the textile, leather, pharmaceuticals, food, paper, paint and electoplating 1 . Adsorption technique used activated carbon has been found as most effluent method used for removal dyes. However, it is used is still limited because higher the quality of activated carbon, the greater it operation costs. The need for regeneration and difficulty of major concerns associated with activated carbon 2 . Today researchers have come out with study that has been focused on the lowcost adsorbents that are mainly obtained from biomass waste and industrial by product since they required little processing and abundant in nature. From literature survey, it is revealed that a number of biological adsorbents have been investigated for removing dyes including maize cob, wood and rice hull 3


Studying the evolution of gas during the decomposition process of oil shale provides information about the changes of gas composition and understand the mechanism of pyrolysis process. A few number of studies focused on using CO2 atmosphere to observe the effect of sweep gas on pyrolysis products. Fischer assay method was used to analyze the pyrolysis of Estonian kukersite oil shale under CO2, CO2/steam, N2 and N2/steam. The gaseous products were collected offline using a sample bag. Gas chromatography was performed to investigate the evolution of C1-C3 gases, H2, CO2 and CO. Subsequently, the results from each test were analyzed and compared. Our results show that in comparison with N2, pyrolysis in CO2 increased the production of alkanes and hydrocarbon gases. Also, generation of CH4 and CO gases were enhanced under CO2, while composition of H2 did not significantly change in the gaseous products for both environments. For the tests in presence of steam, the results show that unlike the N2 atmosphere, CO2/steam decreased the production of total hydrocarbons, H2, CO2 and CO.


Compares the advantages and disadvantages of 2 traditional of access control methods,and points out the characte-ristics of the newer access control method based on SPKI/SDSI certificates.It concisely introduces the working principle and model of SPKI/SDSI certificates.It also designes a network files access control system using SPKI/SDSI certificates,and explaines the concrete implement ways of every part of the system.As for the key problems,it gives out some codes or processing steps.


The article discusses the problems of optimization of methods of automatic analysis of texts in natural language. It is emphasized that modern methods of computer text analysis, including the method of relational-situational analysis (RSA) used by the authors, are mainly based on modeling the proposition semantics of sentences, or dictum, while the information about the subject of speech, or modus, due to the specificity of the means and methods of expression, remains largely inaccessible to automatic analysis. The authors believe, that the RSA method, focused on the perception of multilevel linguistic features of an utterance, may well be used to identify modus characteristics of the text. The RSA model is a heterogeneous semantic network, for which linguistic templates are used. Application of the psychological principle of objectivity in the method of linguistic templates allows one to move from a statistical description to a meaningful analysis of the mental actions of the subject and its motives realized with the help of the text. Further development of automatic text analysis systems, according to the authors, requires equipping the linguistic analyzer with templates that include speech markers of the modus. Since the dictionary of predicate words is the core of the relational-situational analyzer, the problem of studying the modus potential of verbs and other predicate words is of particular importance. It is emphasized that the appeal to the subjective components of the meaning of text units dictates going beyond the limits of the language system into speech system.


The invention belongs to the field of veterinary drugs, and relates to a veterinary drug for treating sexual hypofunction of boars and a detection method thereof. The veterinary drug is prepared through the following method comprising the steps that 1, bilobed grewia roots are crushed and placed in an oven to be dried, then an acetone aqueous solution is added, reflux extraction is conducted in a water bath, acetone in an extracting solution is recycled, and a total bilobed grewia root extract is obtained; 2, the obtained total bilobed grewia root extract is stirred to be dissolved with a mixed solution prepared from chloroform and methanol according to the ratio of 50:5 under a water bath condition, filtration is conducted, and filtrate is subjected to vacuum concentration in a water bath and then subjected to column chromatography separation; 3, macroporous adsorption resin is selected for column chromatography separation, water washing is conducted to remove impurities, eluting is conducted with eluent prepared from ethyl acetate and acetone at the flow speed of 2 BV/h-4 BV/h, eluting liquid is collected, concentrated and dried, and then the veterinary drug is obtained, wherein the diameter height ratio of a resin column is 1:(7-9). The veterinary drug is used for treating the sexual hypofunction of the boars, the effect is significant, and the sperm density and the sperm motility of the boars are both significantly improved.


With the rapid development of information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and 5G in recent years, the construction industry, as the traditional industry, urgently requests the transformation of its project management from extensive and low-efficiency mode to high-quality development mode. Under the background of the gradual development of newly-emerged technologies and concepts such as BIM technology, smart construction, and digital twin and based on the full investigation of the quality management requirements of construction enterprises, closed-loop management is focused on the whole process of construction engineering. From the perspective of construction engineering quality management, current theoretical tools such as the Internet of Things, big data, and BIM technology are combined. Taking Python as a basis, the mature and open-source WEB framework, database, and front-end and back-end technologies are used to design and construct a set of construction engineering quality management systems. We explore the digital potential of construction engineering quality management systems to provide a new way of thinking for the informatization, systematization, and system process-oriented development of construction engineering quality management.


Abstract Aim This study aimed to study the intensity and duration of patients' pain perception after placement of elastomeric separators and the effects of various methods to reduce the pain. Materials and methods Elastomeric separators were placed on either side of first molars in 120 patients which were divided into 4 groups. Patients in group I were control group, group II underwent low-level LASER therapy, group III were subjected to topical anesthetic gel, and group IV underwent TENS (transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation). And then they were asked to measure pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) at 5 intervals of time, i.e., immediately after separator placement, after day 1, day 2, day 3, and day 4. Results Turkey's post hoc test showed that pain score after immediate placement of separators was found to be the least in the anesthetic gel than that in other groups and pain score was least in the LASER group out of all four groups on day 1, 2, 3, and 4. Conclusion It was found that low-level LASER therapy was more effective in reducing pain after placement of elastomeric separators. How to cite this article Oza MJ, Desai H, Iyengar SS, et al. Comparative Study of Effects of LASER, TENS, and Anesthetic Gel for Controlling Pain after Placement of Elastomeric Separators: A Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S82–S86.


Objective
To compare ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) and chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA) measurement of human serum androgen levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).

Methods
160 PCOS patients and 146 healthy subjects (control group) were recruited and their serum androgen levels——measurements of testosterone and dehydcoepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S) were tested by UPLC-MS/MS and CLIA. The androgen results combined with body mass index(BMI) were analyzed by ROC curve. According to area under curve(AUC) calculated by SPSS, a better method will be selected to provide accurate test results for physicians.

Results
(1)AUC of DHEA-S tested by UPLC-MS/MS was significantly higher than the one tested by CLIA(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the AUC of T tested by UPLC-MS/MS and the one tested by CLIA. (2)AUC of T combined with DHEA-S tested by HPLC was not only significantly higher than the AUC of two combined indicators tested by CLIA(P<0.01), but also significantly higher than the AUC of a single indicator——either T(P<0.01) or DHEA-S(P<0.01) tested by UPLC-MS/MS. (3)The AUC of T, DHEA-S combined with BMI tested by HPLC was not only significantly higher than the AUC of three combined indicators tested by CLIA(P<0.01), but also higher than the AUC of two combined indicators tested by UPLC-MS/MS(P<0.05).

Conclusion
T and DHEA-S tested by UPLC-MS/MS combined with BMI has a certain reference value in the diagnosis of PCOS. (Chin J Endocrinol Metab, 2018, 34: 136-140)

Key words:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; Chemiluminescence immunoassay; Testosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; Area under curve


Alausi is located in the province of Chimborazo, to 90km from Riobamba. Attracts thousands of tourists from the worldwide for its known train and the typical place "Nariz del Diablo". Alausi has the recognize of "Patrimonio Cultural del Ecuador" as a consequence of its traditional architecture what makes it more attractive for tourism. Currently once of the most important issues in Alausi is the lack of places for tourists where they can appreciate the art and the culture of this town, there are not a workshop-coffee and the patrimonial houses are in poor conditions because there were not an appropriate maintenance. According to these antecedents will be performed an interior remodeling for the Palacios Molina house to convert in a workshop in order to foment the tourism and involve tourist with the local art and culture. Because it is a patrimonial house, is necessary to conserve the same material as wood, adobe, with little changes in some environments, the construction and design typology will be respected and the same colors will be preserved, the white for facades and coffee for doors and windows. For the realization of this project will take into account the welfare of people, lighting, thermal comfort, the adequate furniture for each one of the areas, the vegetation that is in the ground floor, the use of the psychology of the color, systems of air conditioning and ventilation, ergonomic furniture will be used for the comfort of the users in the spaces. Based on the argument related to the Train and Alausi, it was decided to work the architectural party with the logo of the company Tren Ecuador to conceptualize the project. In the logo you can see two basic figures: the spiral that represents the rails of the train, and the lines means the sleepers of the rails; with this the real estate is designed and the spaces are adapted. On the other hand the lines of the sleepers are observed in the exposed beams of the cover and some false walls of the gallery, On the other hand, the spiral of the rails can be seen in some false walls, furniture and lighting.


Abstract : Oceanic profile data are used to examine the parameterization of turbulent dissipation due to internal waves. For observations exhibiting GM (munK 1981) internal wave characteristics, the dissipation magnitude and its functional dependence upon wave energy level and buoyancy frequency was best described by the dynamical model of Henyey et al. (1986). For non-GM wave fields, dissipations were modeled most effectively by a frequency based correction to this model. ne Richardson number scaling model of Kunze et al. (1990) produced consistent dissipation estimates. Model agreement here appears a consequence of statistical dependence between velocity shear and strain, hypothesized to be an effect of turbulent fluxes. These fluxes can effect low wavenumber spectral amplitudes only in the limit of strong stratification, low average wave-frequency and Coriolis frequency. An internally consistent picture of mixing in the ocean results: Energy is transported through the internal wave spectrum to small vertical scales where it is dissipated via shear instability processes. We find background diffusivities small and independent of depth (<10 to the -5 sq m/s); heightened wave energy in the abyss associated with topographic features or larger scale flows appears needed for internal waves to cause the 1-10 x 10 to the -4 sq m/s diffusivities generally inferred from deep ocean hydrographic data....Turbulence, Internal waves, Fine and microstructure.


The potassium has been estimated in ashed heparine plasma after the method of Van Slylie and Rieben with precipitation by phosphor-12-tungstic acid. The blood has been taken 3 hours after a meal. In five fullborn (birth weight 28-3500 g.) and nine preiriatures (birth weight 19-2300 g.) at Children's Hospital, Martinsvej, Copenhagen, the potassium content of plasma was estimated at intervals of eight days (in some cases 14 days). The following mean values have been found:


A visual aid is an object that can be used as a support for physical science activities. Teaching aids can be designed by the teacher using readily available materials. The competence of physics teachers in Pasaman Barat Regency has not been optimal in compiling PjBL-based Physics teaching aids student worksheets. So, the facts found in the field show that the professional competence and pedagogical competence of physics teachers in Pasaman Barat Regency in physics learning are not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the competency of Physics teachers in designing PjBL-based teaching aids. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. The treatment is in the form of assistance in making teaching aids based on PjBL. Bimtek activities in the form of practical assistance increase the competency of activity participants, which in this case are Physics teachers in Pasaman Barat Regency. The increase in the competence of physics teachers in Pasaman Barat Regency in making PjBL-based physics teaching aids was 24.17%. In addition, the mentoring activities provided are effective for increasing the mastery of MGMP Physics teachers in the Pasaman Barat Regency of the PjBL model material. This activity is also helpful for teachers designing teaching aids to support Physics learning as an merdeka curriculum implementation


In this paper, the authors perform HF analysis of a thin horizontal conductor fed in its center, and arbitrarily positioned above lossy homogeneous ground of known electrical parameters. The approach is based on the electric-field integral equation method, and formulation of the Hallén's integral equation. This equation is then solved for the current using the point-matching method. The Sommerfeld's integrals that express the influence of the lossy ground, and that appear in these calculations, are solved approximately. Thorough analysis is performed in order to observe the influence of different parameters of the geometry and the ground on current distribution in the specified frequency range. Furthermore, the verification of the method is done by comparison with the exact model based on the full-wave theory.


A medicament for fatigue, including combinations for administration by changing simultaneously or time adenosine 5'-triphosphate or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof and at least two or more B vitamins pharmaceutical, preferably adenosine 5'-triphosphate or a physiologically acceptable form of the pharmaceutical agent in the pharmaceutical compositions containing the salt and at least two or more B vitamins.


This paper introduced a kind of STC89C52 as the core design of the intelligent temperature transmitter,it used AD7715 for input signal processing and A/D transformation,AD421 completed D/A transformation and V/A transformation.It will reflect the temperature changes in a linear modulation signal into voltage signal,the current signal is converted into the corresponding(from 0 to 16 mA),plus the system static current 4 mA and realize from 4 mA to 20 mA the analog output,apply to lots of industrial heat resistance and thermocouple temperature sensor.This paper analyzed the system design theory basis and the hardware and software design.The intelligent temperature transmitter to achieve automatic range conversion,automatic zero adjustment and automatic calibration,and other functions,make system has the function of intelligent measuring instruments,and has RS-232 communication function.The whole circuit design is simple,with high accuracy,good stability and low cost.


The PARMILA code was originally developed as a numerical tool to design and simulate the beam performance of the drift-tube linac (DTL). We have extended PARMILA to the design of both the coupled-cavity linac (CCL) and the coupled-cavity drift-tube linac (CCDTL). We describe the new design and simulation features associated with these linac structures and improvements to the code that facilitate a seamless linac design process.