Background & Aims : Colonoscopy is performed in order to examine the gastrointestinal tract. It can be used to evaluate the patients who suffer from certain medical conditions including chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology, occult bleeding, and anemia. The first essential step in performing an effective colonoscopy is adequate bowel preparation. Materials & Methods : The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that involved 180 patients who underwent colonoscopy and were referred to the colonoscopy unit of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia. It was conducted in a three-month period of time. The samples of the study were selected randomly. The demographic information questionnaire and the Boston preparation scale were used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software. Results : The quality of the patients' bowel preparation was assessed based on the Boston bowel preparation scale. The obtained results showed that 26.1% of the subjects had inadequate bowel preparation. Moreover, based on the results of the study, the lowest frequency of referral to hospital for colonoscopy was related to the weight loss. On the other hand, the highest frequency of these referrals was related to positive occult blood test. Furthermore, the analysis of the results showed that the mean bowel preparation score in all of the samples was 6.4 with a standard deviation of 2.61. Finally, the left colon had the highest mean preparation score (2.33) and the right colon had the lowest mean preparation score (1.86). Conclusion : According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that bowel preparation is affected by various factors that influence the quality and the results of colonoscopy, cause misdiagnosis, and increase the treatment costs for the patients and health system. Therefore, considering the importance of the issue, educating patients, and using up-to-date knowledge about the patients' bowel preparation can play an important role in the provision of solutions to these problems.


Process for the isolation and / or purification of pravastatin sodium from a fermentation broth comprising: extracting pravastatin or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof using a solvent consisting essentially of at least one C2- alkyl format C4 alkyl ester or C1-C4 carboxylic acid C2 -C4. re-extract pravastatin or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof, in a basic aqueous solution; and isolating pravastatin or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.


Abstract The types of apparatus most frequently used for elongation tests of rubber have only a slow speed. Thus the maximum rate of elongation of the Schopper dynamometer is 120 cm. per minute and in ordinary practice 60 cm. per minute is the speed used. The normal rate ordinarily used in America with the Scott apparatus is 20 in. per minute. On the other hand, it has been found by experience that slightly vulcanized rubber which, on the Schopper machine, gives very good values of tensile strength and resilient energy at rupture, even excellent values, is on the contrary brittle when stretched very rapidly by hand and breaks with a very low elongation. Consequently it is of interest, chiefly from the point of view of a study of rubber, to carry out elongation tests at high speed. As is easily seen from the technical literature, this problem has been neglected. At the Bureau of Standards the influence of the rate of elongation on the results of tensile tests has already been studied, but the rate varied o...


Part 1: Le Brun's Complete Theory of Expression Charles Le Brun, Painter of Expression The Tradition of Expression in the Other Arts The Tradition of Expression in the Visual Arts The Academy Acceptance and Rejection. Part 2: Le Brun's Lecture on Expression Le Brun's Lecture on Expression - Translation. Appendices: The Date and Reception of the Lecture The Drawings The Sources Testelin's Text of Expression Claude Nivelon's Account of the "Ouvrage sur la Physionomie" editions, versions and derivations.


With the improvement of productivity and the degrade of environment,consumer-oriented and environmental protection perspective should be introduced into quality economic analysis and can be applied in new concepts towards quality cost,quality benefit and quality improvement. But in order to put it into action,it is necessary to give enterprise pressure or incitement to implement these concepts.


Background: Absolute Uterine Factor infertility (AUFI) can be congenital such as Mayer-Rokitansky Küster syndrome (MRKH), or acquired resulting from conditions rendering the uterus non-functional or following a hysterectomy. In 2014 the first successful uterus transplant (UT) was achieved in Sweden. This sparked widespread interest, and many countries have established UT trials. In 2019 Royal Prince Alfred hospital was the first site in Australia to receive ethical approval for a UT protocol. As part of this trial research outcomes will be collected. Aim: • To determine if UT is an effective, safe, and operationally viable option for women with AUFI in order to achieve live birth. • To collect research outcomes which will contribute to an international bio-bank for future research opportunities. Method: Approved donor/recipient pairs will be invited to participate in the research components of the trial. This will involve completing various questionnaires to assess clinical outcomes before and after the procedure, as well as providing additional blood and cervical tissue samples which will be stored for future research projects. Conclusion: UT is a relatively new procedure, with significant scope for basic research opportunities. Due to the infancy of UT it is pivotal that all centers are diligent in collecting research outcomes and contributing to an international data registry to aid in proving the necessity of UT as a clinical treatment for woman with AUFI.


The sequence of derangements is given by the formula D0 = 1, Dn = nDn−1 + (−1), n > 0. It is a classical object in combinatorics and number theory. We extend results on (Dn)n∈N to a more general class of sequences given by the recurrence a0 = h1(0), an = f(n)an−1 + h1(n)h2(n), n > 0, where f, h1, h2 ∈ Z[X]. We study arithmetic properties of these sequences, such as periodicity modulo d ∈ N+, p-adic valuations, rate of growth, periodicity, recurrence relations and prime divisors.


The invention provides a method and system for carrying out sound control over a split screen terminal. The method comprises the steps that sound connection channels are established for all applications displayed on split screens; applications carrying out sound control are determined, and sound control over the applications is carried out through the sound connection channels. The method and system for carrying out sound control over the split screen terminal achieve the operation that independent processing is carried out on sound of applications displayed on the split screens of the terminal.


Calcium fluoride crystals doped with various concentrations of PbF2 have been grown using the Bridgman technique. The optical absorption spectra reveal the characteristic UV absorption bands of the Pb ions. The distribution of the Pb-ions along four crystals has been investigated using the optical absorption method. Taking into account the relationship between the optical absorption coefficient and the concentration of the impurities in the samples, the effective segregation coefficient of the Pb ions has been calculated. Our study shows that the effective segregation coefficient of the Pb ions in CaF2 host depends on the dopant concentration, and varies between 0.85 and 1.15, for 0.5 mol%PbF2 and 3 mol%PbF2-doped CaF2, respectively.


The ratio of tailor-welded blank thickness difference affects its formability and the influence on the formability of a type of TWB square box part were analyzed by using numerical simulation method.The general rules of the effects were summarized,and it was applied in making a type of center pillar of car door.


Me2Cp′SiCl (1) (Cp′ = C5HMe4) reagiert mit Magnesium und R2PCl (R = Ph, tBu) bzw, PCl3 in Tetrahydrofuran unter Bildung von Me2Cp′SiPPh2 (4) und Me2Cp′SiPtBu2 (5) bzw. (Me2Cp′Si)3P (6). Durch Umsetzung von Me3SiPPh2 (7) oder Me3SiPC4H4Me2 (10) mit Me2Cp′GeCl (2) und Me2Cp′SnCl (3) wurden Me2Cp′EPPh2 (E = Ge (8), Sn (9)) bzw. Me2Cp′EPC4H4Me2 (E = Ge (11), Sn (12)) erhalten. 11 reagiert mit Fe(CO)5 unter Bildung von Fe(CO)4[(PC4H4Me2)GeCp′Me2] (13). 3 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit a = 986,7(1), b = 1247,3(2), c = 1028,2(1) pm, β = 92,71(1)°, Z = 4 und V = 1264,1(2) 10−30 m3 (R1 = 0,0249 fur 2097 beobachtete Reflexe mit Fo ≥ 4σ(Fo). 13 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit a = 967,7(3), b = 1298,70(16), c = 1832,7(3) pm, β = 95,810(19)°, Z = 4 und V = 2291,4(8) 10−30 m3 (R1 = 0,0444 fur 4043 beobachtete Reflexe mit Fo ≤ 4σ(Fo). 13 ist trigonal bipyramidal mit dem Phosphanliganden 11 in axialer Position.

Dimethyl(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)silyl-, -germyl-, and -stannylphosphanes. X-Ray Structures of Chloro(dimethyl)tetramethylcyclopentadienyl-stannane and Tetracarbonyl[1-dimethyl(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)germyl-3,4-dimethyl-phospholene]iron(0)

Me2Cp′SiCl (1) (Cp′ = C5HMe4) reacts with magnesium and R2PCl (R = Ph, tBu) as well as PCl3 in tetrahydrofurane yielding Me2Cp′SiPPh2 (4), Me2Cp′SiPtBu2 (5) and (Me2Cp′Si)3P (6) respectively. The reaction of Me3SiPPh2 (7) or Me3SiPC4H4Me2 (10) with Me2Cp′GeCl (2) and Me2Cp′SnCl (3) leads to the formation of Me2Cp′EPPh2 (E = Ge (8), Sn (9)) and Me2Cp′EPC4H4Me2 (E = Ge (11), Sn (12)). 11 reacts with Fe(CO)5 with formation of Fe(CO)4[(PC4H4Me2)GeCp′Me2] (13). 3 crystallizes in the space group P21/n with a = 986,7(1), b = 1247,3(2), c = 1028,2(1) pm, β = 92,71(1)°, Z = 4 and V = 1264,1(2) 10−30 m3. The final refinement resulted in R1 = 0,0249 for 2097 observed reflexions with Fo ≥ 4σ(Fo). 13 crystallizes in the space group P21/n with a = 967,7(3), b = 1298,70(16), c = 1832,7(3) pm, β = 95,810(19)°, Z = 4 and V = 2291,4(8) 10−30 m3 (R1 = 0,0444 for 4043 observed reflexions with Fo ≥ 4σ(Fo). 13 forms a trigonal bipyramide with the phosphane ligand 11 in an axial position.


The methodology of explosively formed projectile(EFP) design by way of nonlinear programming has been investigated. A nonlinear programming model to design an EFP with expected shape has been set up. The shape of the generator of liner surface is described with a function in the form of a circular arc added with amending terms. An efficient BFGS variable metric sequential programming algorithm was implemented into the nonlinear programming code SQP, which was then coupled with the finite element code DYNA2D. With the resulting code, namely SQPDYNA, two EFPs were optimized, one with flared tail and the other without. Both of them met quite well the preset requirements. Measured EFP velocity and contours agree well with the optimization results.


The grinding device in most tobacco cutters resembled that in cutter KTC, where in the periphery of grinding wheel was in point contact with the knife resulting in an imperfect ground edge, the quality of tobacco cutting was influenced. A new grinding device was developed, as in the cylindrical grinding machine, the rotating axis of grinding wheel paralleled to the rotating axis of knife drum, the outside surface of grinding wheel contacted the knife edge linearly, the peripheral velocity of grinding wheel could be promptly compensated with a frequency converter, the feed rate could be steplessly regulated by a PLC driving step motor. The new grinding device effectively improved the grinding effect.


SAET (Shoreline Analysis and Extraction Tool) is a novel open-source tool to enable the completely automatic detection of shoreline position changes using the optical imagery acquired by the Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 and 9 satellites. SAET has been developed within the ECFAS (European Coastal Flood Awareness System) project, which is intended to be the first European service for coastal flood forecasting, management, and recovery analysis. The tool is developed to characterise the shoreline response associated with punctual events such as coastal storms as well as any other phenomenon. For a given beach segment, SAET facilitates the selection of the satellite images closest in time to the analysed events that offer an adequate cloud coverage level for analysing the shoreline change. Subsequently, the tool automatically downloads the images from their official repositories, pre-processes them and extracts the shoreline position with sub-pixel accuracy. In order to do so, an initial approximate definition of the shoreline is carried out at the pixel level using a water index thresholding, followed by an accurate extraction operating on the shortwave infrared bands to produce a sub-pixel line in vector formats (points and lines). The tool offers different settings to be adapted to the different coastal environments and beach typologies. Its main advantages refer to its autonomy, its efficiency in extracting complete satellite scenes, its flexibility in adapting to different environments and conditions, and its high subpixel accuracy. This work presents an accuracy assessment on a long Mediterranean sandy beach of SDSs extracted from L8 and S2 imagery against coincident alongshore reference lines, showing an accuracy of about 3 m RMSE. At the same time, the work shows an example of the usage of SAET for characterising the response to Storm Gloria (January 2020) on the beaches of Valencia (E Spain). SAET provides an efficient and completely automatic workflow that leads to accurate SDSs while only relying on publicly available information. The tool appears to be a useful extraction tool for beach monitoring, both for public administrations and individual users.


The invention discloses a ZigBee wireless Ad Hoc network system and a method for monitoring security of a dam, and belongs to the field of security monitoring and structural health diagnosis of water conservancy projects. The system consists of a data acquisition layer, a data transmission layer and a monitoring centre, mainly comprises a dam acquisition sensor, an information acquisition node, a routing node and a coordinator node of ZigBee network, a wireless transmission structure and a remote security monitoring centre. In the method, the remote security monitoring centre issues various operation instructions to the field ZigBee node of the dam and receives information from the field wireless node; the field ZigBee node mainly acquires and wirelessly transmits the dam information, connects neighboring nodes to realize networking function and responds to the control instruction sent by the monitoring centre. By changing the conventional wired security monitoring technology and structural health diagnosis technology of wiring, the invention has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, modularization design, high level of integration and strong function expandability.


There are multiple errors in the article regarding the Funding statement, ''Discussion'' section and ''Table 2.'' The correct Funding statement is: ''World Cancer Research Fund International for grant 2007/09 and Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Funds (WCRF NL) for grant R2010/247 to Pär Stattin and Medical University of Innsbruck (MUI START). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.'' The correct order of the last five paragraphs of the ''Discussion'' section is: "Blood glucose levels were shown to be associated with incidence of cancer overall and in several specific sites like the colon, pancreas, liver, and endometrium in previous studies [11, 28, 47-48]. Studies reporting specifically a link between GBC and blood glucose levels are almost inexistent [28]. The association between glucose and cancer risk in our study remained after adjustment for major putative confounders like BMI, smoking and age, indicating a possible causal link. However, biological mechanisms in the association between blood glucose and cancer are poorly understood. A large case-control study by Shebl et al indicated that although diabetes could be a risk factor for gallstone formation, the association between diabetes and GBC can be explained only partly by the positive association between diabetes and gallstones [14]. The inverse association we observed between total cholesterol and GBC in women may be largely due to preclinical effects of the cancer on total serum cholesterol [49]. A lag-time sub-analysis excluding 3 years of follow up after baseline measurement, rendered the association non-significant although the direction of association persisted. This was also shown in another recently published Me-Can study on total serum cholesterol and cancer [50]. Studies on the association between blood pressure and GBC incidence are scarce [48, 51]. Although it was shown that several cancer sites might be significantly associated with high blood pressure, none of these studies identified blood pressure as risk for GBC. A case-control study on serum lipids and biliary tract cancers including gallbladder cancer showed that compared to controls, cases had significantly higher mean levels of serum triglyceride (STG) [15]. However, our study, based on prospective data analyses as well as other similar cohort studies did not confirm this finding [48, 52]. In the study by Andreotti et al serum measurement took place shortly after cancer diagnosis. In this constellation one cannot rule out a possible reverse causation due to disease effect [53]. In conclusion, our study showed that increasing BMI and blood glucose levels are possible risk factors for GBC. Obesity was seen to pose a greater risk among women in the premenopausal age. Beyond the individual factors, the results of our study show that the metabolic syndrome as an entity presents a risk constellation for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer. Considering the rise in temporal trend of BMI and blood glucose levels [48, 54], we would anticipate that the incidence of GBC might also increase." The correct Table 2 can be found below:


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: in the first version, the device includes a multistage pumping part located in the lumen of large blood vessels. The pumping part includes a housing and a connecting shaft located inside the housing. On the connecting shaft, there are two axial stages containing impellers with curved blades and a stator apparatus. The device includes a drive assembly that includes a sealed housing. The sealed housing contains an engine and the driven drive shaft. The drive assembly contains a magnetic coupling, which includes an external drive half coupling on the drive shaft and an inner driven half coupling located on the face of the base of the second-stage impeller of the pumping part. The drive assembly allows the torque to be transmitted to the connecting shaft of the pumping part from the engine by means of a magnetic field. In the second version, the drive assembly is located outside the patient's body and comprises a flexible transfer shaft located within the patient's body. An end magnetic half coupling is rigidly fixed at each end of the flexible shaft. The first end half coupling is in magnetic contact with the inner driven half coupling of the pumping part. The second end half coupling is in magnetic contact with the outer drive half coupling of the drive assembly. EFFECT: reduced blood trauma by reducing flow disturbances in the passage and decreased speed of impellers rotation, eliminates the need to feed lubricating fluid to avoid jamming of the drive assembly engine. 15 cl, 8 dwg


Analysis of periodontal tissues were done among people of Republic of Adygea, that have somatic diseases, to increase efficiency of prophylaxis and treatment. After analysis were done, it were viewend five hundreds patients, that had diseases of gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, genitourinary system, heart and blood vessels, female genital. It were established, that among inspected patients, that have diseases of gastrointestinal tract, the grade of dental health is low. That is why, periodontal diseases bring improvement to technique of prophylaxis and treatment, dental prosthetics.


We compute point sets on the triangle that have low Lebesgue constant, with sixfold symmetries and Gauss-Legendre-Lobatto distribution on the sides, up to interpolation degree 18. Such points have ...


1. The Prague magnetic observations began in July, 1839, and have been continued until the present date. The observation hours, 18h., 22h., 2h., 10h., are common to the whole series, except for the year 1853, during which observations were made only at the hours 8h., 2h., 10h. As far, however, as the estimation of the diurnal range of magnetic declination is concerned, these last three hours are practically as good as the former four, inasmuch as the observations at 22h. are hardly ever made use of in determining the diurnal range. In the determinations herein recorded, magnetic disturbances are included, and the range is a mean monthly one, obtained by comparing together the mean values of the magnetic declination, corresponding to the hours 18h., 22h., 2h., 10h., for any given month, and taking the difference between the highest and the lowest of these values as representing the mean range for that month. There is reason to believe that the ranges thus obtained are not greatly different from those which would have been obtained from an hourly series of observations.


This paper analyzes the problems of existing CCTV and discusses cyber security problems of IP-CCTV in cloudcomputing environment. In order to reduce the risk of simply removing the risk associated with the provision of cloudservices, the risk analysis and counter-measures need to be carried out effe...


A modified Penning trap is described with an annular confinement region and a toroidal magnetic field. A non-neutral electron plasma is confined axially by an electrostatic field and, in the radial direction, particles are constrained to lie within a small drift distance of a cylindrical flux surface. Drift orbits of all particles are banana-shaped and collisions cause neoclassical transport.


The tailored combination of organic polymers and inorganic ceramics can produce organic-inorganic hybrid (OIH) coatings to act as corrosion protection barriers.1
 ,2 In this work, we proposed the use of glycerol and lignin as polyol sources to prepare green polyurethane to be used in the sol-gel synthesis of PU-silica hybrid coating for steel corrosion protection. The PU pre-polymer was synthesized from MDI (4,4'-methylenebis (phenyl isocyanate)), glycerol and lignin, and then it was functionalized with APTES ((3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane) to ensure the covalent conjugation with polysilanol network formed from TEOS (Tetraethyl orthsilicate) sol-gel reactions leading to a class II hybrid. Three samples were synthesized varying the proportion between the polyols, one sample containing only glycerol (ZL_PU-S) and the others with a molar ratio of GlyOH:LigOH of 7.5 and 16.1 (FL_PU-S and HL_PU-S, respectively).The effects of lignin content on the structure and properties were evaluated. FTIR and 13C NMR showed the formation of the PU-silica hybrid and the total incorporation of lignin to the PU chain. TGA showed that the presence of lignin into the OIH matrix improved the thermal stability allowing to continuous increase of the initial temperature of mass loss: T5% = 173, 186 and 190 °C for ZL_PU-S, HL_PU-S and FL_PU-S, respectively. The steel substrate coated with the OIH show a water contact angle of 90° for the samples HL_PU-S and FL_PU-S and 80° for ZL_PU-S. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis performed in a three electrode cell configuration with a NaCl 3.5% solution, showed that the coating with the higher lignin concentration, FL_PU-S, have a |Z| of over 1010 Ω.cm2 for the lowest frequency point and a phase angle of approximately -90° during the 28 days of analysis. The FL_PU-S had better performance than the coating without lignin, ZL_PU-S, that presented |Z|=107 Ω.cm2 on the initial period of immersion with a decrease of two decades in value through out the subsequent period of analysis. In summary, the addition of lignin to the PU polymeric matrix enables the production of a green OIH coating with high efficiency for corrosion protection of steel substrates.
 Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Brazilian funding agencies CNPq, FAPESP, CAPES and by PROPe UNESP.
 Keywords: Renewable feedstock, green coating, PU-silica, lignin, corrosion protection, sol-gel process, hydrophobic coating.
 1-BRAZ, Á. G.; PULCINELLI, S. H.; SANTILLI, C. V. Glycerol-based polyurethane-silica organic-inorganic hybrid as an anticorrosive coating. Progress in Organic Coatings, v. 169, p. 106939
 2-HARB, S. V. et al. Siloxane–PMMA hybrid anti-corrosion coatings reinforced by lignin. Surface and Coatings Technology, v. 275, p. 9-16.


In this paper, a low molecular weight polycarboxylate superplasticizer was designed and synthesized by using low molecular weight polyether macromonomer with molecular weight of 800 as the side chain of polycarboxylate superplasticizer; The ratio of oxidant and reductant in inorganic salt initiator system is 2:1, and that in organic water solvent initiator system is 4:1. The amount of initiator in the two systems accounts for 5% and 2% of the total amount of polyether macromonomer, respectively; GPC and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests showed that the number average molecular weight of the water reducer was about 24000, the conversion rate of polyether macromonomer was more than 90%, and the molecular structure of the polymerization product met the design requirements. The influence of the polymer on the fluidity and bleeding rate of manufactured sand concrete is also discussed.


Quantizing the transfer of energy and momentum between interacting particles, we obtain a quantum impulse equation and relations that the corresponding mechanical power, force and torque satisfy. In addition to the energy-frequency and momentum-wavelength relations, we introduce the power-frequency and force-wavelength analogs, respectively. Further, we obtain an operator representation for the mechanical power and impact force in the position space and discuss their correspondence with the relevant momentum operator. The position representation of the torque operator and its relation to the orbital angular momentum operator is also considered. The results are grounded by the presence of a constant that appears as fundamental as the Planck's constant to all obtained relations.


Based on the features and disadvantages of the traditional technology of mechanical manufacture,the essay brings forward the concept of green manufacturing,and incorporates the thoughts of sustainable development into modern manufacturing.


Social work in North America (Canada and USA) is well-established, with formal regulatory systems for qualifications and practice (Shera, 2013). There is a strong history of social development and community organization in both countries, which continues to be supported by established non-governmental bodies, although the prevailing political climate of individualism does not create a favourable context for their work (Taillon, 2013). The Caribbean islands come within this region for IASSW but within the Latin America and Caribbean region of IFSW; the education for, and practice of, social work varies significantly between the different islands of the subregion (see Latin America and Caribbean section) (Baker, 2013). This section focuses on Canada and the USA. Canada and the USA have national social work education associations: the Canadian Association for Social Work Education (CASWE) and the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE), respectively. They also have national professional associations: the Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW) and the National Association of Social Workers (NASWUSA). The ICSW member organizations are the Canadian Council on Social Development (CCSD) and the US Committee International Council on Social Welfare (USCICSW). The partnership to take forward The Global Agenda has operated within the existing working arrangements and networks. The regional Agenda Coordinators for the North American region are Dixon Sookraj (IASSW), Winsome Wilkins, Margery Carpenter and Peggy Taillon (ICSW), and Morel Caissie and Jeane Anastas (IFSW). Lena Dominelli is the link between the region and the Global Agenda Coordinating Group. Both countries experienced the impact of the banking crisis and global recession. Both have a widening gap between the wealth and income of the majority and of the wealthiest. Social workers, educators and social development practitioners supported the Occupy Movement in highlighting the need for business practice to change to a more sustainable, regulated, people-centred environment (Truell, 2012). The reality of the socio-economic situation is perhaps best seen in the number of children living in poverty. In 2007, it was reported that 13.3 million children in the United States were living in poverty, rising to 15.5 million by 2009 as a result of the recession, or one in five children in the United States (Sell, 2010). Both countries have therefore been managing, in different ways, the impact of significant budget reductions, changes in welfare arrangements and the consequences of increasing unemployment. The representative organizations in Canada and the USA have pursued the Global Agenda themes within the regional frameworks of conferences and networks, including the annual joint conference of the Canadian Association for Social Work Education (CASWE) and Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW), NASW-USA events, the US Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) conferences and the biennial conference of the Caribbean Association of Social Work Education (ACSWE). The outcomes from these events have reaffirmed the themes in the Global Agenda. 'Development efforts must look beyond economic markers of success and focus on efforts specifically shaped to achieve the type of economic growth that contributes to social cohesion and human development. . . . Policies and interventions that build 531379 ISW0010.1177/0020872814531379International Social Work research-article2014


The generalization capability is one most important performance of Artificial Neural Network(ANN).This paper discusses several methods on enhancement of ANN generalization capability,and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.Functions provided by Matlab were employed to approximate the non-linear function,simulation and fitting with original fuction were carried out to verify the improvement of generalization capability.


ABSTRACT A new method for the synthesis of N-alkyl anilines from phenols using silica sulfuric acid as a catalyst is described via smiles rearrangement. The synthesized anilines are handy intermediates in the organic synthesis. Key words: N-alkylaryl amines, Smiles rearrangement, Silica sulfuric acid, N-alkyl amines. 1. INTRODUCTION C-N bonded compounds are very familiar in organic synthesis and also in bioactive agents. It is highly focused area of research in organic synthesis [1]. The Buchwald and Hartwig transition metal catalyzed C-N bond forming reaction has become one of the major reactions in the medicinal chemistry laboratories [2]. Recently, C-N bond formation using Pd or Ni catalyzed coupling of phenolic derivatives are aryl sulfonates [3], ethers [4], esters [5], sulfamates [6] and carbamates [5,7] were well-documented.Smiles rearrangement is one of the established method for converting phenols to anilines [8,9].This method is useful for the preparation of iomeprol, [9a] dibenzo [b, f] pyrazole [1,5-d] [1,4] oxazepines [9b], dibenzoxazepinones [9c], benzo [1,4] oxazin-3(4H)-ones [9f], pyrido [1,4] thiazinone derivatives [9g] and carbazole based alkaloids such as mukonine, calusenine and murrayafoline A [9h] (Figure 1).With an interest in the solid resin and reusable catalyst, we are interested to test the smile rearrangement using amberlite IR-400 resin catalyst [10].


A great number of large-scale hydropower stations are to be constructed in southwest China. Many of them feature great depth or high in situ stresses. In this paper, a coupled damage and rheology method is adopted for stability analysis of an underground cavern group with time effect to consider the rock deformation. Meanwhile, a new method considering the crackopening displacement is used for back analysis. The stability of the surrounding rock masses is then evaluated.


This paper intends to highlight a specific role of the literary persona of Moses in the book of Exodus, viz. as a Mediator. This role is often not given the attention it deserves in comparison with other more prominent roles, like that of Leader or Legislator. Moses' role as a Mediator is characterized by two aspects: his confidentiality with YHWH like no one else before or after him (Deut 34:10), and his ability to negotiate with Him for the benefit of his people. On the basis of a number of texts, the ongoing discourse between Moses and YHWH is analysed, especially focussing on texts in which the tension between the two reaches its culmination. An example is Exodus 32:7-14, in which, after the disaster of the Golden Calf, Moses outright contradicts YHWH, protests against his intentions and argues for an alternative solution. The paper concludes with an argumentation why Moses, because of a seemingly minor transgression, isn't allowed to enter the Promised Land. It is argued that this decision, rather than as a punishment for Moses, is meant as a biblical theological scheme to confirm his unique place in the Hebrew Bible.


This article is motivated by the rapid development of the Islamic banking world, especially in Indonesia where the majority of the population is Muslims. When other countries have given birth to Islamic-based banks, as well as Indonesia, in 1992 was the establishment of Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Islamic banks use applications that are different from conventional banks, where the term on conventional banks is interest, whereas in Islamic banks use the profit sharing application. One application of Islamic banks that is very helpful to customers is the Mudharabah and Ijarah Muntahiya Bittamlik (IMBT) application. Although these two applications exist in Islamic banks or Islamic-based banks, it is possible that the two applications are not in accordance with Islamic economic law. Therefore, this paper tries to analyze the mudharabah and IMBT applications in the perspective of sharia economic law.


This study investigated the effects of zinc and copper on the behavior of schizophrenic patients by comparing blood zinc and copper levels in criminal and noncriminal schizophrenic patients. Of the total 88 subjects, 44 were patients with schizophrenia and no criminal record who were being treated at the Elazig Mental Hospital and 44 were schizophrenic patients who had committed a crime and were sent to the same hospital upon a court order for monitoring, detention, and treatment. Of the subjects with criminal records, 31 (70%) had committed a violent crime and 13 (30%) had committed a nonviolent crime. The mean plasma zinc value was 68 - 1.55 w g/dL in the criminal subjects and 81 - 2.73 w g/dL in the noncriminal subjects ( p =.001). The mean serum copper value was 104 - 1.80 w g/dL in criminal subjects and 93 - 2.92 w g/dL in noncriminal subjects ( p =.02). Mean plasma zinc values were significantly lower in criminal subjects when compared to noncriminal subjects, while mean serum copper values were significantly higher in criminal subjects than noncriminal subjects.


Results concerning the U, B and V photometry of some galaxies in the cluster Zw 1305.4+ 2941 are presented. The cluster has a redshift of 0.24 and the photometry is referred to galaxies which are inside a region of radius 1.2 Mpc from the cluster center. To obtain these resutis an automated reduction procedure was applied to the microdensitometer data obtained scanning a region of Palomar 48" plates. These procedures include : a) a segmentation process, b) a smoothing, ca calibration of the plates using standard stars profiles and magnitudes, d) star-galaxy classification.


Enamines of several ketones having phenyl groups at the α or β positions have been deprotonated to give allylic anions which are reactive nucleophiles; treatment of these intermediates with methyl iodide has led to high yields of methylated ketones.


This article considers the possibility of using black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and seabuck-thorn (Hippóphae rhamnoídes) puree in cake fillings. The purpose of the work was to improve vari-ous formulas of cake fillings with the addition of these berries, which are known to possess high nutritional values. The crushed black chokeberry and seabuckthorn fruits were introduced into the filling formula instead of apple butter. The 20, 40, 60 and 80% dosages of the additives to the total weight were studied. A filling with apple butter without the addition of black chokeberry and sea-buckthorn was used as a reference sample. It is established that the addition of black chokeberry and seabuckthorn puree in the amount of 20% of the apple butter volume has a positive effect on the organoleptic characteristics of a cake filling. The investigation of the physicochemical parameters of the filling sam-ples has shown that the addition of the puree increases the acidity and moist tex-ture of the fillings, at the same time as decreasing the mass fraction of sugar and calorie content. It is shown that the investigated additives enrich cake fillings with vitamin C. Thus, its content in the cake fillings under study reached 23,5 mg% and 3,2 mg% after the introduction of seabuckthorn and black chokeberry, respectively.


Rise and Fall of the Gods considers the origins of Egypt's deities, the stories of gods who struggled to control cosmic forces of chaos and destruction and could themselves die, and their eventual decline. Nature of the Gods examines the forms, appearances and manifestations of the deities, as well as the transcendence of pre-eminent deities such as Amun and the apparent monotheism of Atenism under Akhenaten. Worship of the Gods introduces the rituals and mysteries of formal Egyptian worship, including the importance of temples and festivals, and examines popular access to the gods and private worship. Kingship and the Gods discusses the all-important position of the king, who served as a bridge between the gods and humanity and who could himself be deified and rule among the gods. The Many Faces of the Divine is a unique catalogue of Egypt's gods and goddesses grouped according to their primary forms, discussing their iconography, mythology and worship and their varying influence across Egypt over time.


In the software development process, the decision-maker (DM) has a range of problems inherent to its function. Wrong choices during software planning can bring great risk to the project. Therefore, the planning of software releases to be delivered to the customer should be well done. This is not an easy task because releases are made up of many requirements that contain complex variables that must be considered, such as precedence, cost, requirement stability, among other features that make the requirements-selection process challenging. To make this process less exhaustive, DM can use tools that facilitate this work. In software engineering, we can find fields of research specialists in this context, such as Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE). The SBSE makes use of advanced metaheuristics to search for optimal solutions or the closest to it. In this work, we try to use another field of research to solve this same problem type, the Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA). To do this, we elaborate a workflow that will use the same source data, execute two solutions using the two search fields (SBSE and VDA) and compare the results. In the end, we evaluated and commented on the results.


Fuzzy information is generally represented by fuzzy set (FS). Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), as a new extension of FS, can represent fuzzy information more effectively. The accuracy of fuzzy information represented by PFS directly affects the result of information processing. Generalized parameter (GP), expressed by Pythagorean fuzzy number, can judge the accuracy of fuzzy information represented by PFS. However, for complex fuzzy application problems, a single GP cannot comprehensively judge the fuzzy information, and the GP may also be wrong. Therefore, the concept of group generalized parameters (GGPs) is proposed. The GGPs can comprehensively judge the accuracy of fuzzy information, and can avoid the influence caused by the error of a certain GP. In order to effectively aggregate the fuzzy information and the GGPs, some new group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy aggregation operators are proposed, including group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy weighted average (GGPFWA) operator and group generalized Pythagorean fuzzy weighted geometric (GGPFWG) operator. The definitions, theorems and properties of GGPFWA operator and GGPFWG operator are given and proved. In this paper, GGPFWA operator and GGPFWG operator are applied to solve decision making problems, and their effectiveness and feasibility have been verified by three cases of pattern recognition, medical diagnosis and multiple criteria decision making.


This study attempts to analyze characteristics of human EEG response to image stimulus to two media facade cases, the Galleria Department Store and the Seoul Square in Seoul, which have different expression methods of its contents. For this study, authors used the EEG(Electroencephalogram) measurement method and the study results are as follows. First, the image stimulus of the Galleria Department Store and the Seoul Square highly revitalized the theta band, compared to other bands, and other bands showed differences in the mean value of EEG as well. Second, our analysis of the activity of each brain part of the EEG band showed that each band and brain part showed differences to image stimulus. Furthermore, F4(t=2.558, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the alpha band, F4(t=-2.373, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the beta band and F3(t=-2.257, p<0.5) channel in the frontal lobe of the gamma band showed statistically significant differences, and all of them showed differences in the frontal lobe. Third, our analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation(significance level: p<0.05) between the parts of the EEG band influenced by image stimulus. In addition, 45 brain parts showed a high synchronicity of image stimulus to the Galleria Department Store and 50 brain parts showed a high synchronicity of image stimulus to the Seoul Square. Based on this result, authors conclude that more brain parts were used to process information of image stimulus for the Seoul Square. Lastly, our analysis of the EEG band activity between male and female groups influenced by image stimulus showed that the mean value of EEG is different in all the bands.


the hallmarks of the Early Neolithic pottery production at many sites along the Eurasian Neolithisation trajectories (e.g. Todorova & Vaysov 1993; Elenski 2006; Özdoğan 2011; Çilingiroğlu 2012; Vuković 2016). The hidden potential of this archaeobotanical inclusion (see Kreiter et al. 2013; 2014; Pető & Vrydaghs 2016; Mariotti Lippi & Pallecchi 2016) lies in revealing the interplay between two fundamental aspects, which defi ne the Southeast European Early Neolithic – the agricultural (farming/crop husbandry) and the technological cycle (pottery production) – integrated locally, within a settlement-specifi c environment. To explore this, however, it is essential to establish whether the vegetal remains are those of cultivated crops (cereal plant parts), as well as whether their presence in the fabrics plausibly refl ects the intentional addition of organic materials to the clay paste as temper, rather than incidental inclusion. Thus, the article is focused on these two main questions, rather than examining all possible research avenues in detail (see Fig. 1). Based on the contrasting preliminary results obtained from three Early Neolithic Eastern Balkan key study sites, located in present-day Romania and Bulgaria (Fig. 2), this study explores a series of challenges and potential biases when interpreting such vegetal remains in the Early Neolithic context. Temper, as a pottery-making component that refl ects shared values incorporated in technological activity (e.g. Stark et al. 2000), is traditionally studied from the perspective of fabric variation, to help outline cultural group membership and classify ware types (Rice 1987, 406). Here, a range of plant inclusion variables is considered with an aim to diff erentiate between the intentional adABSTRACT Well-preserved plant remains found in clay bodies of Early Neolithic pottery of Southeastern Europe have been largely understudied. The characteristics and provenance of this 'organic temper' remain mostly unknown, making interpretations obscure. Based on a range of research methods, this article explores the macro and micro plant remains within the pottery clays, considering such aspects as the use of domesticated versus wild plants and actual functional temper versus organic inclusions as background noise. This innovative approach is applied to explore three diff erent Early Neolithic Balkan sites, demonstrating the importance in distinguishing between (a) deliberate addition of selected temper as a technological prerequisite; (b) sporadic occurrence of plant parts in (domestic) areas where pottery was made, (c) natural characteristics of the local clays containing organics and used as raw materials, and (d) plant use pointing towards more specifi c pottery-making techniques. Possible misinterpretations and pitfalls are discussed in using the applied integrated methodology, thus revealing crucial details on the variability of the technological approaches applied during the Early Neolithic of Southeastern Europe.


This symposium. orgauized by Leo Laboratories Ltd. and held at the Roval Society of Medicine in Xovcmher last year, was divided into roughly two sections. though the bias was on bacteriological rather than clinical work. The first sect ion was under the Chairmanship of Professor Garrod and the second Professor :\[i]ne. Professor Abraham of Oxford reviewed the steroid antibiotics known so far a large number have been isolated but few have significant antibacterial activity. The three act ive ones which had received most attention are hclvonic acid, cephalosporin 1'. I and fusidic acid. Dr. W. O. Godtfredsen of Copenhagen dealt with the chemistry of these three compounds and discussed methods used to test their activity. Pharmacology was covered by Dr. Rokolt and experiments with carbon-l l labelled fusidic acid showed its distribution throughout the organs and body fluids. 1)1'. V. "'\,nn described some preliminary ュ セ エ 。 「 ッ ャ ゥ 」 studies carried out on 3 patients. Results so far indicate that fusidic acid had a catabolic effect; carbohydrate metaholism is not altered; there was some small change in cholesterol levels and a delay in the excretion of bromsulphalein (liver function tests). Dr. Mary Barber outlined bacu-riological tests against staphylo. coccus lll/reliS (highly sensitive) several strains of streptococcus (large. lv resistant). Fusidic acid is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal in action. Following this line. Dr. L. Tyhring of Copenhagen described the effects of combining Fucidin with novobiocin (probably the best combination so far) and here the effect was bactericidal. Dr. E. S. Lowbury reported on the incidence of resistance to fusidic acid. Resistance does develop, probably more so in burns, and it was agreed that a combination of antibiotics might be justified in cross infection. Amongst the clinical papers were those of Dr. G. Holti, who had considerable success with Fucidin in dermatology, especially in cases resistant to other methods of treatment. Dr. C. L. Joiner described his successful use of the drug in patients with a variety of staphylococcal infections including operative wound infection, pressure sore, staph. pneumonia and burns. Further papers dealt with surgical and orthopaedic aspects. The general impression was that the drug was often effective when others fail and that side-effects are mild and infrequent. There seems to be some discrepancy between laboratory findings and clinical results, laboratory work being sometimes depressing and shOWing development of resistance, while the clinical results are extremely good. Further work is indicated to elucidate this problem.


Express modification the state of neurohumoral system of regulation of an organism by the method based on the phenomenon of cardiorespiratory synchronization used for determination is presented in article. This modification will allow to determine the range in which index of regulatory and adaptive status surveyed, several times enters quicker. The used ranges correspond to the accepted scale of high-quality interpretation of values of index of regulatory and adaptive status and will allow to carry data surveyed in one of 5 levels. Express modification will provide fast selection at inspection of numerous groups, especially when determining persons with high regulatory and adaptive capabilities in the groups focused on work in difficult and extreme conditions. Improvement of method will also promote increase of comfort in process of diagnostics for the surveyed.


As small rotorcraft grow in capability, the possibilities for their application increase dramatically. Many of these new applications require stable outdoor flight, necessitating a closer look at the aerodynamic response of the aircraft in windy environments. This paper develops the equations of motion for a single-propeller test stand by analyzing the blade-flapping response of a small-stiff propeller in wind. The system dynamics are simulated to show behavior under various wind conditions, and stable system equilibria are identified. Experiments with a rotor-pendulum validate the simulations, including system equilibria and gust response. INTRODUCTION Small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are transforming from hobbyist entertainment into utilitarian machines. UAS have been tasked with objectives such as surveying farmland and aiding in natural disasters [1] that require multi-rotor aircraft to fly outdoors in potentially adverse weather. High winds pose a great challenge to small UAS [2–4], and developing an understanding of how they respond to wind and the mechanics behind that response is key to compensating for them. This paper uses a combination of theoretical and experimental work to describe the forces and moments experienced by a single quadrotor-type propeller in a uniform wind. Experimental results are collected with a test stand in wind using a Gemfan 5030 propeller commonly used on quadrotor helicopters. These results promise to ∗Address all correspondence to this author. improve guidance and control algorithms for small, multi-rotor helicopters. Although an important part of full-sized helicopter dynamics, blade-flapping is often assumed to be negligible in small quadrotor vehicles [5, 6]. For indoor flight with relatively small advance ratios, this assumption has proved valid even for highly aerobatic flight [7, 8]. However, for outdoor flight in wind, the effect of blade flapping and other aerodynamic phenomena must be re-evaluated [4]. When a helicopter rotor moves forward in air, the advancing side of the rotor produces more lift than the retreating side, which causes a roll moment on the blades [9]. Many studies [10–13] indicate that this moment causes the rotor blades to react with a maximum deflection at 90◦ phase delay, i.e., above the helicopter's nose, due either to a gyroscopic effect or the blade frequency response. Others provide the equations for flapping without explicitly indicating the expected phase delay [14, 15]. This paper provides a more comprehensive look at the blade-flap dynamics of a small, stiff propeller commonly used in small UAS. Hoffmann et al. [12] and Yeo et al. [16] each measured a quadrotor propeller response to wind. Hoffmann et al. [12] tested a single propeller in wind to identify the flap angle, and showed that the hub experiences a force in the direction of the wind. Yeo et al. [16] tested a single-degree-of-freedom pitch stand with two propellers, as well as a fixed, rigid propeller in an edgewise flow, and found that forces and moments scale with free-stream velocity as suggested in [12]. This paper investigates the source of the forces and moments on a single propeller in wind, and describes blade-flapping dy1 Copyright c © 2016 by ASME namics based on first-principle analyses. A simplified set of analytically tractable equations predict the phase delay and flap amplitude of a small, stiff propeller, the results of which are compared to experimental data. The experimental testbed consists of a two-degree-of-freedom rotor-pendulum, which is a spherical pendulum affixed with a spinning propeller. The long arm of the spherical pendulum increases the effect of the hub forces, demonstrating the propeller's response to wind. The contributions of this paper are (1) a detailed analysis of the blade-flapping response of a small, stiff propeller in uniform wind, yielding the derivation and solution of the equations of motion for blade flapping and the rotor-pendulum system from first-principles; (2) comparison of the first-principles model to existing experimental measurements of forces and moments at the hub of a propeller fixed in a uniform wind; and (3) the design, fabrication, and testing of a rotor-pendulum test stand that demonstrates the effect of wind on a single propeller. This work increases the theoretical and physical understanding of a small, stiff propeller's response to wind, which has the potential to yield improved flight stability for small multi-rotor helicopters in adverse weather conditions by virtue of an improved feedback response using flow sensing and control [16]. The outline of the paper is as follows. The first section describes the rotor-pendulum system and develops the equations of motion for a static rotor for comparison to pre-existing experimental data. The second section investigates aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller and derives the equations of motion for the full rotor-pendulum system. The third section provides new experimental results for the rotor-pendulum, with a comparison to model predictions. The final section summarizes the paper and ongoing work. ROTOR DYNAMICS This paper utilizes a rotor-pendulum to investigate the effect of wind on a small, stiff propeller. The rotor-pendulum is a variation of the gyro-pendulum, which is a spherical pendulum with a rapidly spinning mass on the mobile end that causes the system to precess and nutate. Figure 1 shows the rotorpendulum system: a gyro-pendulum with the spinning mass replaced by a propeller. Consider inertial frame I , (O,e1,e2,e3) and intermediate frame A , (O,a1,a2,a3), where a3 = e3 and a1 · e1 = cosθ . Spherical frame B , (O,b1,b2,b3) satisfies b2 = a2 and b1 ·a1 = cosφ . The hub frame is C , (O,c1,c2,c3), where c3 = b3 and c1 ·b1 = cosψ . Let Nb represent the number of propeller blades and the superscript (n), where n = 1,2, or 3, denote the blade index, so that frame D(n) , (H(n),d 1 ,d (n) 2 ,d (n) 3 ) has origin at the blade hinge, and rotates about c2 by the flapangle β . (The blade index (n) is included only where needed for clarity.) Let r denote the displacement along the length of the blade of a point P with respect to O′, and dr be the differential position. The differential forces, moments, and mass are denoted Fdr , dF , Mdr , dM, and mdr , dm, where the quantities F , b 2 = a 2


The use of link slab as a substitute for expansion joints is one of the innovations that can provide benefits for bridge life, user comfort, and maintenance cost efficiency. Link slab is a slab placed on the upper surface of the adjacent girder end which forms a continuous slab system with the slab deck. In the transition zone, link slab and girder are installed in hard rubber and soft rubber pads at some thick variations in each type of rubber. Moment on the link slab is obtained due to the effect of traffic load according to SNI 1725: 2016 with the condition of the link slab without and with rubber pads. The study of the use of link slab in this paper is carried out in a numerical approach on a finite element software-Abaqus. Link slab is modeled as a 3D solid model in compressive concrete variations. In this study, the addition of hard rubber pads on link slab can reduce the magnitude of moments compared to link slab without rubber pads. This is indicated by the percentage reduction moment between 39,20-83,42% on LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3 hard rubber pads with thichness 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm. While on link slab with soft rubber pads is found that moments are greater at the very thick pads  This is indicated by the percentage difference in moments between 198,26 – 244,58% on LS-1, LS-2, and LS-3 soft rubber pads with thickness 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm. This large difference is due to the effect of moment change from negative moments (initial conditions) to positive moments after the addition of soft rubber pads.


Atomic‐layer epitaxy of (111)CdTe single crystalline films on (111)BaF2 substrates is investigated. It is shown that a set of growth parameters exists in which the average growth per cycle of opening and closing the shutters of the constituent element sources is one monolayer. In a substrate temperature range between 260 and 285 °C the growth process is self‐regulative, that means, it is independent of the Te beam intensity and the substrate temperature. At substrate temperatures higher than 285 °C growth is still self‐regulative, but the average growth rate per cycle is less than one monolayer.


Objective:To establish a canine model of lumbosacral nerve root compression,so as to search for treatment for radicular pain and numbness caused by nerve root compression.Methods:Eighteen male adult mongrel dogs were evenly randomized into 3 groups:7 days group,14 days group and 28 days group.A 5 mm long thick silica tube(diameter 3-4 mm)were implanted under right L6,L7 and S1 nerve root to establish the compression model;the left side served as self controls.Results:Dynamic observation with histopathology and immunohistochemical staining showed that,after the nerve root nerve root compression,the myelinated nerve fibers decreased and there was ultrastructure changes of the nerve fibers,such as Schwann cell cytoplasm swelling and edema,Wallerian degeneration,and demyelinated degeneration of axons.Conclusion:The ultrastructural changes of nerve root are the pathological basis of the function loss of the nerve root.The present model is more closer to the model of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and stenosis of nerve root compression and it provides a basis for treatment of compression-caused radicular pain and numbness in clinic.


Reinforcement of citizen consciousness education has great theoretical and practical significance on building of socialistic modern country.This paper analyzes the significance,current situation and influencing factors of citizen consciousness education among undergraduates and suggests countermeasure under practical work in universities.


In this paper, we continue the work in [4] and [31 on ordinal multiplication of reflexive relations. In particular, we are concerned with the problem of unique factorization of a relation into indecomposable relations. A type a is called indecomposable with respect to ordinal multiplication (or simply, indecomposable) if a /-O and whenever a = B -y, then either ,B= 1 or y = 1. We let IT denote the class of indecomposable types. We define recursively the operation Hi ain by setting fiEO (Xi= 1 and UiEp+1 ai = (JJiEpa ai) -ap. A type a has the strict unique factorization (SUF) property if whenever


Abstract Article 121(5) Rome Statute provides for a specific regime for amendments to Articles 5–8 of the Statute. Its final clause precludes the exercise of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court over a crime covered by an amendment when committed by a national or on the territory of a state party which has not accepted the amendment. This provision has been understood as derogating from the Statute's general rules on jurisdiction. The present article argues that a stringent reading of the clause as well as a systematic and teleological approach warrant an alternative interpretation in conformity with the jurisdictional system of the Statute.


The presence of a bulky substituent at the 2-position of 1,3-butadiene derivatives is known to affect the polymerization behavior and microstructure of the resulting polymers. Free-radical polymerization of 2-triethoxysilyl-1,3-butadiene (1) was carried out under various conditions, and its polymerization behavior was compared with that of 2-triethoxymethyl- and other silyl-substituted butadienes. A sticky polymer of high 1,4-structure () was obtained in moderate yield by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)-initiated polymerization. A smaller amount of Diels–Alder dimer was formed compared with the case of other silyl-substituted butadienes. The rate of polymerization (Rp) was found to be Rp = k[AIBN]0.5[1]1.2, and the overall activation energy for polymerization was determined to be 117 kJ mol−1. The monomer reactivity ratios in copolymerization with styrene were r1 = 2.65 and rst = 0.26. The glass transition temperature of the polymer of 1 was found to be −78 °C. Free-radical polymerization of 1 proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding 1,4-polydiene. The 1,4-E content of the polymer was less compared with that of poly(2-triethoxymethyl-1,3-butadiene) and poly(2-triisopropoxysilyl-1,3-butadiene) prepared under similar conditions. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry


It would be useful if information, applications, desktops and / or generally any information between a computer and a communication device could be shared. So it would be useful, for example, to transfer a presentation from a computer to a mobile communication device. Some solutions try to solve this by by requiring a user to upload the information to a laptop or USB drive, burn them to an optical storage medium or the like, and then to "open" the information on another device which is located at the remote destination. In one embodiment, any information and / or applications can be exchanged between a computer and a communication device by means of virtualization and / or content implementation. More particularly, an embodiment uses metadata in connection with a virtualization environment, the exchange of information and / or applications between a personal computer and a communication device or vice versa permit.


The reuse of the test cases is an effective means to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency of test case generation. This paper studies three generic reuse strategies,reusable property of data field, reusable state-base test process break down, test template framework. According to these reuse strategies, we have developed a reusable test case library . All the test cases will be described and proved in Z notation to improve their quality. The test manage system using the test case library show that the reuse library mechanism can make testing better and faster.


Recent reports have raised concerns about late stent thrombosis with the use of drug-eluting stents (DES), particularly for off-label indications. In this National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Dynamic Registry analysis, investigators compared outcomes in 1763 patients who received at least one DES (for an on-label or off-label indication) …


With the implementation of the Northeast Area Revitalization strategy and the development of Northeast Asia regional economic co-operation,the labor service export has become an important pillar industry for the economic growth of Yanbian,and a practical choice to increase its residents'income,improve people's quality and propel the processes of industrialization and urbanization.With the improvement of China's opening-up environment and the labor services system reform of South Korea in recent years,the legal oversea labor proportion in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture increases substantially,bringing new development opportunities to its labor service economy.The paper,by analyzing these opportunities,reveals the existing problems in Yanbian's labor service export and puts forward advice and solutions to promote the development of Yanbian labor service economy.


In recent years, semantic-based application has been using the Genetic Algorithm for solving the problem of information retrieval. The semantic search concept has been widely used in many fields like artificial intelligence, cognitive science, natural language processing, and psychology. In this paper we have proposed a ranking scheme for the semantic web documents by finding the semantic similarity between the documents and the query which is specified by the user using genetic algorithm. The novel approach proposed in this paper considers not only the conceptual level for finding the rank score of a document but also the descriptive level for finding the true semantics of the documents keeping the user view in mind. The combined use of conceptual and descriptive along with the genetic algorithm for providing the optimization for the ranking of the documents has significantly improved the performance of the proposed ranking scheme. We explore all the conceptual and descriptive scores using genetic algorithm for finding relevant relations between the keywords exploring the user's intention and then calculate the fraction of these relations on each web page to determine their relevance with respect to the query provided by the user.


A remark is made on the Maxwell distribution, including the mass motion to account for the anisotropy of angular distribution. This distribution is used to analyze secondaries emitted at 180degree by p-nucleus reactions in a Pennsylvania--Los Alamos--Temple experiment. The velocity of the mass motion is compared with that of the Fermi motion.


From the 1980s, a new conception of public action emerged: intervention had to be global and territorialized. It was recognized that there were territorial inequalities and, gradually, specific policies were developed known as urban and priority education policy. The "success-in-education project" made it possible to understand how education became a collective and shared competence. The educational success concept was above all a principle of action which aimed at mobilizing professionals from different institutions as well as volunteers. They needed to work together and networks of actors were formed. Institutional logics, learning representations and professional cultures were questioned. Commitment in a learning territory approach enabled the actors to include the transformation process in two main areas: territorial anchorage and the need for collective learning. 3.2. Introduction In the 1980s, the issue of territorial inequalities was part of the political agenda. In the 1960s, in order to respond to the housing crisis, residential neighborhoods called "housing estates" were quickly built on the outskirts of towns. Although they were initially satisfactory to everyone, due to the comfort of the dwellings and quality of facilities, their sociological composition quickly evolved. The incentive to become owner of a house in the countryside favored the departure of the wealthiest households. Only the lowest income families remained. They were the hardest hit by the crisis and therefore felt like captives. Young people, in particular, found it difficult Chapter written by Maryvonne DUSSAUX.


The stability of underground openings concerns the safety of field personnel and engineering facilities in tunnelling and underground mining. The preand post-peak damage characteristics of sandstone subjected to triaxial cyclic loading were experimentally studied. The results show that the maximum dissipated energy occurs after the peak stress. The maximum of energy dissipation ratio K and the stress ratio at the K peak point increased with the confining pressure. To estimate the damage characteristics of rock material, the damage variable D was defined based on rock dissipated energy. It is found that the confining pressure has a negligible influence on the damage variable D rate in the pre-peak stage. However, it increased at a lower rate with the increase of confining pressure in the post-peak stage. It is found that the proposed rock damage variable associated with dissipated energy and confining pressure, is a significant indicator of the overall loss of load-carrying capacity of rock in pre-peak and post-peak stages. ARTICLE INFO


Economic development and growth have become the very center of inquiry for economists today, almost to the point of tediousness. When economics began in the eighteenth century, it had much the same emphasis as today, for many of the same reasons. There are, of course, many string differences to be found between the thoughts of earlier and contemporary economistsbetween, say, the Physiocrats, Smith, Ricardo, Malthus, J. S. Mill and Marx on the one hand, and Nurkse, Kuznets, W. A. Lewis, Hirschman, W. W. Rostow, Chenery and Rosenstein-Rodan on the other. Those differences may be explained by the fact that both economics and the world have changed much since the eighteenth century. It must be said, however, that economics has not changed as much as the world; or, more usefully, economics has changed in ways sadly out of touch with the world's needs. Indeed, it seems to many that economists of the earlier period spoke with more wisdom on the problems of their day than do our colleagues today. Does that seem so because the problems of economic development then were simpler than those of today? Perhaps. However, it is more likely that the technical and political audiences of the past expected and required less than today's. Smith and Ricardo, for example, spoke to quite narrow audiences, and principally about the need to do away with what were-and appeared to their audiences to be-obvious obstacles to the further growth of their economies. For Smith there was a long list of governmental interferences with economic activity, and he simply recommended that they be abolished. For Ricardo, the problem was narrower still, and his analysis could thus seem more "sophisticated" in our eyes: The British economy of his day, already changing for the better in Smithian terms, had as its principal obstacle to further progress a system of taxation, especially on imported foodstuffs, that benefited those least likely to further the modernizaion of the economy (landlords) and impeded those whose activities were in the vanguard of the industrialization process. Whatever else he proposed, it was implicit (and occasionally explicit) in Ricardo's treatment that a new structure of economic power and privilege was required for continuing economic development. Setting aside Marx for the moment, the earlier economists had as their


We have studied the structural characteristics of InGaP films lattice-matched to GaAs substrates. The films were grown by the liquid phase epitaxy technique using a graphite boat in a conventional horizontal reactor. The morphology of the film surface was studied by optical and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical microscope observations show that almost all the structures have a smooth surface with occasional pyramids on it. Observation by AFM allows to reveal characteristic features of the surface on the submicrometric scale. The thickness and the refraction index were determined by elipsometric measurements performed at λexc = 632.8 nm for different incident angles. The crystal structure of the sample was also evaluated by high resolution X-ray, TEM and EDXS measurements. In the [220] dark field image in plane view the structure showed a coarse tweed structure, with a period of 0.2 µm, oriented along the [100] and [010] directions. Some discrepancies in the chemical composition of the films were obtained from the X-ray rocking curves and EDXS measurements which is attributed to the difference of the area of the probe beam. It is found that the variation of the chemical composition of the films is within the range allowed by the variation of the lattice matching between the film and the substrate.


This paper aims at establishing an accurate short-term traffic volume prediction method by introducing calculations and characteristics of triple moving average method, single exponential smoothing method, and double exponential smoothing method. Based on field data collected from intersections in Fuzhou, the prediction accuracy of three prediction methods above was calculated respectively at 5-minute, 10-minute and 15-minute statistics intervals and analyzed. Analysis results indicate that prediction methods and statistics intervals have significant impacts on the prediction accuracy. To be specific, the prediction accuracy of double exponential smoothing method is higher than other two methods; The accuracy at 10-minute statistics intervals is higher than that at other two intervals. The research results will provide an accurate volume prediction method for adaptive traffic control.


Most theoretical and simulation studies on charged particles suspensions are at infinite dilution conditions. Hence these studies have been focused on the electrolyte structure around an isolated central particle (or elctrode), where phenomena as charge reversal, charge inversion and overcharging have been shown to be relevant. However, experimental studiesat finite volume fraction exhibit interesting phenomenology which imply very long-range correlations. Inthis paper we apply an integral equation theory to a simple model for a charged macroions suspension, at finite volume fraction, and find two new effects of long-range overcharging and long-range charge reversal. These new effects are different from the classical overcharging and charge reversal in that they occur at finite macroion's volume fraction, far away from the central macroion, are much more intense, and increase, not decrease, as a function of the distance to the central particle, which is indicative of correlations at large separations. We find our results to be qualitative consistent with existing experimental results, and Monte Carlo simulations.


The completion of enterprise's innovative mechanism is a complicated and long-term system.Enterprises'innovation needs to find the innovative chance,utilize the environment for supporting,dispose the resources of enterprises rationally,choose the innovative mode,realize the innovative performance.Enterprises should clearly understand and innovate the main task of each link,combine the advantages of enterprises,make correct innovative decision.


The purpose of this research work is to highlight the educational contribution that the use of light sensors for motor education can provide to athletes who practice sports at a competitive level and beyond. It has been studied to what extent sensory motor activity produces positive effects not only from a physical point of view but also from a cognitive, attentional and therefore formative point of view; precisely for this reason, one of the critical points of the research is the proposal that it be adopted in the formal training context par excellence: the school. The thesis aims, by means of an accurate analysis of the literature and a series of innovative training proposals, to highlight the educational importance of the sensorimotor activity, and to demonstrate that it can and must be understood as opportunity to encourage the learning and complete development of the person / athlete.


Although the samurai and yakuza (gangster) genres have always been open to homoerotic interpretation, the first authentic queer films in Japan were products of the 1960s new wave, a leftist movement concurrent with new wave cinemas in the West. Films such as Imamura Shohei's The Profound Desire of the Gods (1968), Hani Susumu's Nanami: First Love (1967), and Terayama Shuji's Emperor of Tomato Ketchup (1970) dealt with incest, child sexuality, and other taboos.


OBJECTIVES
Intra-articular injection of 169Erbium-citrate (169Er-citrate; radiosynoviorthesis or radiosynovectomy) is an effective local treatment of rheumatic joint diseases. However, its efficacy in corticosteroid-resistant rheumatoid arthritis-affected joints has not been clearly demonstrated.

METHODS
A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, international multicentre study was conducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with recent (< or = 24 months) ineffective corticosteroid injection(s) into their finger joint(s). Eighty-five finger joints of 44 patients were randomised to receive a single injection of placebo (NaCl 0.9%) or 169Er-citrate. Results of evaluation 6 months later were available for 82 joints (46 metacarpophalangeal and 36 proximal interphalangeal joints) of 42 patients: 39 169Er-citrate-injected joints and 43 placebo-injected joints. Efficacy was assessed using a rating scale for joint pain, swelling and mobility.

RESULTS
Intent-to-treat analysis of the results of the 82 joints showed a significant effect of 169Er-citrate compared to placebo for the principal criteria decreased pain or swelling (95 vs 79%; p = 0.038) and decreased pain and swelling (79 vs 47%; p = 0.0024) and for the secondary criteria decreased pain (92 vs 72%; p = 0.017), decreased swelling (82 vs 53%; p = 0.0065) and increased mobility (64 vs 42%; p = 0.036). Per-protocol analysis, excluding 18 joints of patients who markedly changed their usual systemic treatment for arthritis, gave similar percentages of improvement but statistical significance was lower owing the reduced power of the statistical tests.

CONCLUSION
These results confirm the clinical efficacy of 169Er-citrate synoviorthesis of rheumatoid arthritis-diseased finger joints after recent failure of intra-articular corticotherapy.


In the present study,we report a genetic diversity study of Taihu geese by use of 28 microsatellite markers.The microsatellite marker set analysed provided 87 alleles,with mean 3.1071 alleles per locus.All the microsatellites were polymorphic.The mean Polymorphism information content(PIC) and expected hererozygosity(H) were 0.4450 and 0.5206,respectively,indicating considerable genetic variation in this population.Genetic bottleneck hypotheses were also explored.Our data suggest that the Taihu goose population has experienced a genetic bottleneck in the recent past.The conservation priorities about this population were determined according to the result of the present study.


Professor A. (Tony) Ball died on 16 June 2001. He was born on 5 September 1939. He received his undergraduate and postgraduate training at the University of Birmingham. Following research appointments at the University of Birmingham, in Melbourne and at the University of the Witwatersrand, he joined the University of Cape Town in 1972 to lead the new Department of Materials Engineering. Under his leadership the department became a major contributor to materials development in South Africa, with an accredited undergraduate programme and an excellent research and postgraduate training record.


Using a CR-39 plastic track detector, it is proved that the low energy light fragments (5< or =Z-italic< or =26) produced in the interaction of 84 MeV/nucleon /sup 12/C with a Pb target originate predominantly from the binary breakup. The characteristics of light fragments and their corresponding heavy partners have been determined. The dependence of measured parameters on the atomic numbers of light fragments is observed. The obtained values of the velocity of the c.m. system of fragments indicate that high longitudinal momentum transfer to the target is characteristic for this reaction channel. The data are consistent with the assumption that at the energy used in this experiment the projectile is stopped in the target nucleus.


Extension theory suggests an unsafe or threatening environment detracts from the ability of adults to learn and that lack of financial viability inhibits the adoption of new practices. What role then does extension play in supporting communities experiencing extraordinary financial stress and psychological trauma following natural disaster? The Dawson River received record breaking floods in 2010 causing more than A$36 million in lost income and damaged infrastructure to 22 irrigated cotton farms. The Dawson Valley Cotton Growers Association (DVCGA) had a strong history of environmental stewardship. Between June 2011 and December 2012, the DVCGA members attended workshops covering environmental and agronomic practices, supported by a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework. Growers identified actions to improve practices and infrastructure design using the industry's voluntary Best Management Practice (myBMP) program and were supported with incentive funding by the Fitzroy Basin Association and the Australian Government. By December 2012 growers had undertaken significant repairs and improvements to their farming systems and achieved the highest rate of adoption of myBMP of any Australian cotton growing region. Highlights included: Strong integrated coordination of extension and industry activities; Genuine engagement; Building long term, local support networks for growers; Regular scheduling of workshops.


Nitrate content in fresh herbage is one of the factors affecting fermentation in silage. Hein (1970) observed that ensiling of forages with low nitrate content often results in silages with high butyric acid contents. Butyric acid is an undesirable product of clostridia in silages indicating low silage nutritional quality (Pahlow et al., 2003). The effect of nitrate on butyric acid formation is derived from its degradation products. Nitrate undergoes reduction to nitrite which can be further converted to nitric oxide which is considered to be toxic for clostridia (Spoelstra, 1983). Therefore, crops high in nitrate decreases clostridial activity and, hence, butyric acid formation. The effect of nitrate content in fresh crops on butyric acid formation was summarized by Weissbach (1996). The summary shows high occurrence (78%) of butyric acid in silages made from crops low ( 1 g NO3 per kg DM was only 26%. Since it is common to use silage additives to improve or secure a proper ensiling process, it is interesting to study how different nitrate contents in fresh crops influence efficiency of silage additives. The objective of the study was, therefore, to study the effect of nitrite containing silage additives on silage quality with crops differing in nitrate content.


Abstract : Atmospheric electric parameters measured at the ground or in the troposphere are frequently observed to be correlated with aurorae or other cosmic or ionospheric events. Such correlations cannot be explained on the basis of our present knowledge of atmospheric electricity and auroral physics. Several qualitative hypotheses are presented in this document. A new experimental approach is proposed which utilizes a high-flying aircraft suitably equipped with ionospheric instrumentation. The aircraft would tow a float containing atmospheric electric equipment. A general survey of measuring methods for small electric fields in the stratosphere is included in the report. (Author)


The Python cast-to-shape copper stave was the result of a need to increase the campaign life of blast furnace cooling systems at the Corus Scunthorpe Works. Python uses an integral waterway network that is not restricted to straight cooling pathways, making it compatible with existing furnace shells.


In this study,the Android platform based on the weather WebService is used for the display and early warning of geological hazard information.By means of dynamic link,the real-time display of geological hazard related maps based on Google Map can be realized.With the self-defined layers to call SQLite database and to locate and display the geological hazards and hazard prevention processing information at the corresponding spots on the map,we are providing users with a mobile intelligent geological hazard early warning platform.


This study was performed to examine the implications of microgravity on circulating primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the offspring of silky chickens at stages 13 to 17. China's ShenZhou-3 unmanned spaceship was launched on March 25, 2002, at 22: 00 Beijing time (14: 00GMT). The spaceship carried nine fertilized silky chicken eggs (F0) to test the reliability of the life-support system in the space environment. One female and two male chickens were born from these eggs. The three chickens mated naturally and F1 fertilized eggs were collected. Blood was collected from the dorsal aorta or the marginal vein of the embryos at stages 13 to 17, and the number of circulating PGCs of F1 offspring was counted. A similar experimental protocol was performed for the control group (C1 and C2 group). No differences were observed except at stage 15, when the F1 offspring of the flight group (F0 group) showed higher PGC concentrations than the other treatment groups. These results indicated that microgravity may have little effect on the migration and concentration of PGCs in F1 offspring, perhaps because the flight chickens were raised to maturity on Earth under a gravity of 1×g and had sufficient time to recover. Thus, microgravity appeared to have little effect on the PGC concentrations of F1 offspring of silky chickens during circulating stages 13 to 17.


This paper proposes a new sensor signal processing technology to detect rotor position in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This technology uses an incremental photoelectric encoder and some hardware circuit. It is easy to achieve, and it is not only apply to the traditional three-phase PMSM, but also suitable for the multi-phase symmetry or asymmetry PMSM. The calculation and theoretical analysis show that, this new sensor signal processing technology has high detection accuracy. The mentioned technology can meet the requirement of actual use when using in the experimental system. Introduction With the advantages of simple structure, high efficiency, low noise, reliable operation, wide speed range and running at very low frequencies, PMSM is widely used in AC servo system. Accurate detection of the rotor position information is the foundation of PMSM vector control [1]. Inaccurate rotor position detection can not achieve high accuracy, high dynamic response of the motor position and speed control. More seriously, it will cause the motor does not work properly, for these reasons, the position of the rotor pole permanent magnet synchronous motor precise positioning is particularly important. Multiphase PMSM is developed on the basis of three-phase PMSM, it is applied in many fields, such as aerospace, aviation, marine electric propulsion. Compared with ordinary three-phase PMSM, Multiphase PMSM have many advantages. With the increase of number of phases, the number of current harmonics minimum times increases and the amplitude of current harmonic decreases, which improve system stability and reduce torque ripple and improve motor efficiency, while it can reduce the rotor harmonic losses[2]. Structurally, it comprises two forms, namely symmetrical and asymmetrical. For asymmetric multiphase PMSM, its rotor is asymmetry in the magnetic and electrical structural, so that it is difficult to determine the rotor pole position using the general control algorithm. This paper presents the method of rotor position detection which not only applies to traditional symmetrical multiphase PMSM, but also applies to asymmetric multiphase PMSM. Common Methods of Rotor Position Detection At present, the common method of PMSM rotor position detection is generally divided into two types: detection without position sensor or with position sensor. Detection without Position Sensor. The method of detecting rotor position without sensor is a keen research direction among scholars, which is through the analysis and calculation of motor parameters, estimate the approximate position of the rotor, such as counter electromotive force method [3], high-frequency signal injection method [4], fretting rotor method [5]. These methods are excessive dependence motor parameters obviously there are many drawbacks. Detection with Position Sensor. Compared with detection without position sensor, detection rotor position by the position sensor is the most direct and effective method. Currently, there are three commonly used position sensors: Hall sensor [6], Rotary encoder [7] and Optical encoder [8]. International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics (AMEII 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 1019 Hall sensor is small, easy installation, low price and does not require mechanical coupling device. Switch hall, which generates discrete position signal, is widely used in permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor, so that it generally can not be directly used for PMSM vector control system. However, the linear Hall can provide continuous position information, but its output tends to contain a lot of harmonic, seriously affect the accuracy of the location estimation. Rotary transformer is one of detecting devices, which is commonly used to detect rotor position. Its advantage is high reliability and strong anti-jamming capability, but the rotary transformer demodulation is required, and the signal processing circuit is more complex. Optical encoder, divided into two kinds of absolute and incremental, is the most widely used method to detect the rotor position currently. The absolute encoder can directly output the absolute position of the rotor, do not need determine the rotor initial position, but the price is more expensive. The incremental photoelectric encoder with the positioning signal of U, V, W, can be used to detect the initial position of the PMSM rotor, besides it has the advantages of small size, fast response, and low price. Signal Processing Technology of the Incremental Photoelectric Encoder Incremental Photoelectric Encoder. As is shown in Figure 1, the incremental photoelectric encoder will produce three pulse signals: "A", "B", and "Z", during the code disc rotation.


With the faster development and the larger scale of national higher education,more and more students enter universities,where the students are trained to cultivate the ability of listening,speaking,reading and writing.Under this circumstance,it is high time that students foster English ability and increase English level.Aiming at new problems existing in listening in independent institute,this paper analyzes from four perspectives:teacher,students,course books and teaching method,meanwhile some teaching strategies are put forward.


In this article I want to explore a distinction between instrumental and intrinsic arguments for democracy in the context of the creation of a democratic society in South Africa. I show that democrats are not barred from employing instrumental arguments. Like instrumentalists, democrats will decide what should be done in accordance with an evaluation of the means available to them and the consequences of adopting this means rather than that. Nor is the difference that democrats are such for non-instrumental reasons. The reason to be a democrat is that democracy works best. Rather the difference is in the criteria of evaluation. Democrats will be concerned to create a situation in which the issue of who should wield political power is democratically decided, whereas instrumentalists are concerned to win power for their particular group. Democrats will have that concern because democracy is itself instrumentally valuable - it is the political system we should adopt in order to achieve certain values. But by contrast with instrumentalists, democrats will argue that those values transcend and constrain the particular concerns of groups.


At the end of Moore's law, new computing paradigms are required to prolong the battery life of wearable and IoT smart audio devices. Theoretical analysis and physical validation have shown that analog signal processing (ASP) can be more power-efficient than its digital counterpart in the realm of low-to-medium signal-to-noise ratio applications. In addition, ASP allows a direct interface with an analog microphone without a power-hungry analog-to-digital converter. Here, we present power-efficient analog acoustic features (PEAF) that are validated by fabricated CMOS chips for running audio recognition. Linear, non-linear, and learnable PEAF variants are evaluated on two speech processing tasks that are demanded in many battery-operated devices: wake word detection (WWD) and keyword spotting (KWS). Compared to digital acoustic features, higher power efficiency with competitive classification accuracy can be obtained. A novel theoretical framework based on information theory is established to analyze the information flow in each individual stage of the feature extraction pipeline. The analysis identifies the information bottleneck and helps improve the KWS accuracy by up to 7%. This work may pave the way to building more power-efficient smart audio devices with best-in-class inference performance.


Reservoir stimulation is a common technique used to improve the productivity of carbonate reservoirs such as carbonate acidizing. This process involves injecting a reactive fluid to dissolve the rock mineral, creating a conductive path for hydrocarbon flow (i.e., wormhole). With the development of tight and unconventional reservoirs, stimulation has become more critical for optimal economic production. This study aims to simulate carbonate dissolution with a two-scale continuum model and investigate how the uncertainty propagates in that model. The petrophysical properties of carbonate encounter significant uncertainty that affects the predictivity of the model. A simulation model was developed to simulate the initiation and propagation of wormhole in carbonate rock. We investigate the effect of varying the injection rate on the dissolution channel and the efficiency of the acidizing fluid. Next, we utilized design of experiments in a rigorous multi-step methodology to build a surrogate model based on polynomial chaos expansion. The surrogate model is used to perform global sensitivity and uncertainty propagation analysis. We utilize the surrogate model and Sobol indices to identify the most significant parameter affecting stimulation process using dimensionless groups, including the Damkohler, Peclet, and acid capacity number. The results showed that the dissolution channel and pore volume to breakthrough depends on the injection rate. The surrogate model reproduces the simulation model results for the dissolution channel, the pore volume to breakthrough, and the effective permeability. The global sensitivity analysis shows that the acid capacity number is the most significant parameter for the pore volume to breakthrough with the highest value of the total Sobol index. For effective permeability, the initial mean porosity is the primary source of uncertainty. The marginal effect calculated for the individual parameter confirms the results from Sobol indices. This work provides a systematic workflow for uncertainty analysis and optimization applied to the processes of carbonate stimulation.


Several papers have been published recently on TPS control of dual active bridge (DAB) converter, however, no complete study of the converter operation behaviour exists, that takes into account all switching modes in both charging and discharging (bidirectional) power transfer. In this paper, six switching modes and their complements with opposite power transfer direction are defined with their operational constraints. Exact expressions for power transferred are derived with no fundamental frequency assumptions and range of power transfer for each mode is also defined to characterize mode limitations. Detailed constraints for zero voltage switching (ZVS) are also obtained. A new definition for converter reactive power consumption is introduced. This is based on calculation of inductor apparent power which avoids fundamental frequency approximations as well as the vague negative (back flowing) power definitions in recent papers. All known DAB phase shift modulation techniques including conventional, dual and extended phase shift, represent special cases from triple phase shift, therefore the presented analysis provides a generalised theory for all phase shift based modulation techniques.