Abstract The proposed optimized SMART MOBILE TOILET is an innovative sanitation model which is based on emerging technologies (Automation and Sensors based monitoring), Renewable integration (PV Pumps & Solar panels) and provides for efficient Waste management techniques. It is an interdisciplinary research model which is designed keeping in view of the national flagship programs like "Swachh Bharat", "Swasth Bharat" and "Make In India". It involves continual and unmanned operations of the toilets, hygienic facilities, automated doors, remote monitoring through SMT App and provides for a self sustainable ecosystem. Basically, the project's goal is to Create "Smart Slums" or "Smart Villages" just like Smart cities. This working model focuses on self-sustainability, energy efficiency, hygienic factors, water and land resources conservation, Maximum Power Point Tracking.


This work presents a new technological learning paradigm that we call crowdlearning, where students are upgraded from mere passive content consumers to primary content creators and curators. Crowdlearning is all about allowing learners to share their particular vision of the world, understanding how different users learn, and putting in place mechanisms to safely, scalable, and accurately share and consume learning materials online. By providing an interactive learning framework, we expect that attention of underrepresented groups in STEM, particularly women, will be drawn towards computer science and other technology-related fields. In this paper we introduce all the necessary components of a crowdlearning framework, we provide a middleware implementation along with a proof of concept application. Finally, we discuss possible implications, limitations, and prospects of this approach, and how it could be shaped into a mainstream collaborative way of enhancing cyber learning. If successful in the long run, this paradigm has the potential of advancing technology aided education tools while promoting teaching, training, and collaborative learning.


Five field experiments and one container experiment were conducted during three successive years to evaluate the effect of ethalfluralin and vernolate on the incidence and severity of net blotch disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) pods in which unspecified actinomycetes seem to be involved. In all experiments, the incidence of diseased pods (range 38-86%) was significantly higher in the plots treated with a mixture of the two coumpounds than in control plots without herbicides (range 25-48%)


Permanent Magnetic Coupling (PMC) is used in underwater vehicle to transmit torque from the motor to propeller without leakage and friction. Output rotational speed stability of PMC is an important index indicating the PMC output makes smaller vibration. To improve the stability of the output rotational speed, PMC dynamic characteristic was analyzed based on Lagrange equation in this paper. The dynamic characteristic was indicated by the angular phase generated by the master rotor and the slave rotor. The angular phase varied with the damping coefficient, torsional rigidity and rotational inertia of PMC. These parameters' influence on the angular phase was analyzed and the results revealed the rules between these parameters and the angular phase. Based on the rules, a variable damping method was proposed to control the angular phase. The angular phase changed smoothly with this method that was used to design a variable damping controller based on electromagnetic damping effect principle. This method was verified by theoretical calculation and finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, a novel variable damping PMC was designed to improve the output rotational speed stability of PMC.


The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of training using an integrated learning model during the Covivirus-19 pandemic. This study consists of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation methods. The three stages of Kirkpatrick's evaluation model, reaction, learning, and behavior, are used to measure participant responses, learning outcomes, and behavioral changes following multimedia-based learning media training in Karanganyar's workplace. Participants numbered forty in the research based on the saturated sample technique. Positive sentiments (mean score of 4.4 /extremely high) dominated the responses of the participants to the training, which included widyaiswara, the committee, participation, and the facilities. The consistency of respondents' responses and the grade of items are both satisfactory. There is an effect of multimedia-based learning media training activities on participants' knowledge. Medium N Gain attained by 0.4285. The complexity aspect is the most difficult skill evaluation item, while the suitability of the material content is the easiest. Aspects that arise involve confidence, responsibility, activity, cooperation, neatness, discipline, originality, gratitude, honesty, courtesy, and initiative emerge. The level of behavior modification is determined by the effect of media on the learning process,  the use of learning media intensity during the covid pandemic, and the relevance to competency development needs.Keywords: Kirkpatrick evaluation model; learning media; multimedia; blended learning


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the optimum time of maternal blood sampling for prenatal diagnosis with fetal cells.

METHODS
Zinc-finger protein gene on Y-chromosome (ZFY) sequences were examined by nested polymerase chain reaction in the peripheral blood of 41 pregnant women.

RESULTS
19 pregnant women carrying male fetuses, and another 22 women found to carry female fetuses. Among the 19 pregnant women, ZFY gene were detected in 1/19 (5.3%) cases before the 6th gestational weeks, in 13/19 (68.4%) before the 11th weeks, and in 18/19 (95.0%) before the 14th weeks. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the gender prediction obviously increased along with the gestational weeks. ZFY gene was not detected in the blood of another 22 women carrying female fetuses. The final accuracy of 97.8% (40/41) was attained in all cases.

CONCLUSION
The optimum time of maternal blood sampling is at the 14th week, and the appearance of fetal cells in maternal blood was quite case-variable from the 6th to 14th weeks.


In this experiment, organic chemistry laboratory students synthesized derivatives of their own design of the plant auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Their syntheses varied from making ester to amide derivatives. After optimizing their synthesis, the organic chemistry student groups shared their products with a student group from the biochemistry�cell biology lab. The biochemistry�cell biology students compared the development of Ceratopteris richardii gametophytes on three types of sterile medium: medium without hormones, medium with 10-5 M NAA, and medium with 10-4 M of an auxin derivative synthesized in the organic chemistry lab. The organic syntheses were performed over a four-week period, and observations of C. richardii gametophytes were done for a two week period, after which the gametophyte measurements where analyzed quantitatively using Microsoft Excel. The project terminated in a poster session presented by both the organic chemistry and biochemistry�cell biology classes during which the students discussed their results and compared any structure activity relationships that were evident. Results from this bioassay of auxin derivatives typically fall into four groups: (i) there is an effect on gametophyte growth similar to that of known auxins, (ii) there is no effect on the growth of the gametophyte, (iii) there is a novel effect on gametophyte growth, or (iv) the auxin derivative is lethal to the gametophyte.


Species in the genus Trichoderma are important as commercial source of several enzymes, biofungicides, and growth promoters. The most common biological control agents of the genus are strains of T. harzianum, T .viride and T. viriens. In this study, sixteen selected isolates of T. harzianum from different land use types in Embu, Kenya were tested for anatogonistic action against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium sp, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum f. sp phaseoli and F. oxysporum f. sp Lycopersici) using dual culture assay and through production of non-volatile inhibitors. Seven isolates were further characterized using RAPD-PCR procedure to determine genetic variability. All T. harzianum isolates had considerable antagonistic effect on mycelial growth of the pathogens in dual cultures compared to the controls. Maximum inhibition occurred in Pythium sp-055E interaction (73%).The culture filtrates obtained from Czapek's liquid medium reduced the dry weight (mg) of the mycelia significantly while those from the potato dextrose broth showed minimum inhibition growth. Pythium sp was inhibited the most compared to other pathogens. Genetic similarities generated using Jaccard's coefficient of similarity ranged from 0.231 between isolates 055E and 011E to 0.857 between isolates 010E and 015E. The technique of RAPD was efficient in demonstrating the DNA polymorphism in the isolates of T. harzianum tested showing intraspecific genetic variability. Since all T. harzianum isolates evaluated were effective in controlling colony growth of the soil borne pathogens both in dual cultures and in culture filtrates they should be tried as a broad spectrum biological control agent in the greenhouse and under field conditions.


Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are highly susceptible to oxidation and their levels can rapidly decrease under oxidative stress [1]. A concomitant increase in monounsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and palmtoleic acids is often observed probably as a result of the activation of Δ9-desaturase [1]. Analysis of fatty acid profiles is therefore of importance. Here we describe the analysis of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) only, because the measurement of fatty acids in neutral lipids, phospholipids, and total lipids has already been well documented. Plasma FFA can, furthermore, be produced by oxidatively damaged tissues because hydrolysis of phospholipids is stimulated by oxidative stress [2].


A rat trap type three-phase asynchronous motor use during the running of the common fault performance were described,often appear on the dynamic mechanical properties,stator winding,brake motor of the brake failure were briefly analyzed,and the main fault detection and repair measures put forward.


: I Groundwater forms a long-term storage component of the water cycle. Ground Water shortage is a global problem. While other people in some parts of the India maybe enjoying enough supply of water, others are faced with water shortage. South India is not an exception in this regard because some do not have access to water but rely on distance conveyance. Government is under constitutional obligation to supply this basic social and economic service. This study, therefore, aimed at investigating the causes of ground water shortage and the impact thereof on the household of Tamilnadu. The data collected from all districts of this state showed that the area has a serious problem of ground water shortage. The lack of water per the findings negatively affects the livelihoods and development of the people of Tamilnadu.


This study aims to compare motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation of tourist markets, by identifying the heterogeneity of both solutions. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to segment markets, using the data collected from 722 respondents, via an onsite survey of visitors to the Kuang Si Waterfall and Konglor Cave in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Subsequently, socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics among the segments were compared using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Both motivation-based and motivation-attitude-based segmentation each generated four distinctive segments. Although both solutions are viable for segmentation, the latter was found to be more useful in separating segments than the former, as its segments were significantly more distinguishable from each other in terms of socio-demographic and trip-related characteristics. This result contributes to the body of research on the comparison of market segmentation techniques, which is a rarely investigated topic.


Organs with the juxtaposed entry or exit of their communications have the sites which should be termed hila. Despite juxtaposed communications of the heart, the name hilum cordis is absent in the Nomina Anatomica.


Oxford University Press published some research results from the project of the cartography of syntactic structure in a series of 6 volumes.The cartographic project aims to describe the maps of the functional structure of the natural language sentences and phrases in as much detail as possible.Many evidences of the cartographic project come from comparative syntax and typology.The cartographic project and the Minimalist Program are different in their division of labor while they share the same basic idea.If the problem of syntactic—semantic relationship is not solved fundamentally,it would be difficult to establish the criterion of confirming the functional heads in the cartographic project.


For the first time, a molecular dynamics simulation study has been performed for a liquid metal system consisting of 50000 atoms to deeply investigate the transitions of microstructure configurations during the rapid cooling processes. Especially, the cluster-type index method has been adopted to analyze the transforming and evolving processes of clusters and cluster configurations from liquid metal atoms. It has been found that the bigger cluster configurations in the system are formed by means of connecting some small clusters (they are combined by several smaller clusters), and not taken on the multi-shells configuration accumulated with an atom as the center and the surrounding atoms arranged according to some fixed pattern. With the decrease in temperature, the probability of repetitive appearance for clusters increases largely, which reveals that clusters are indeed possessing a certain relative stability and continuity ( namely hereditary effect). These results will give us an important enlightenment to understand not only the forming mechanisms and microscopic processes of the short-order sections and disorder sparse seiions in amorphous structures but also the freezing processes of liquid metals.


We grew thin films using Pulsed Laser Deposition and studied their crystal structure and magnetical characteristics as a function of growth temperature (). For the film with $T_g


Abstract In this article, sufficient conditions are given for the existence of a unique solution of the likelihood equation which results from a grouped data sample. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of a sequence defined by the method of successive approximations to this unique solution are also given. Finally, it is shown that when the groups from an underlying Poisson distribution are connected the method of successive approximations will converge to the unique solution of the resulting likelihood equation regardless of the starting value chosen provided that the sample is not concentrated entirely in either or both the first and last groups.


This paper discusses a perceptual system for a partner robot from the viewpoint of human visual perception. Recently, various types of robots equip various types of sensors for perceiving the environment. However, the robot must perceive the necessary information from too much information to take a flexible action like a human. In this study, we emphasize the importance of human vision for the robot to realize perception and action flexibility. Especially we focus on the perceptual system based on perceiving-acting cycle discussed in ecological psychology. First, we propose a retinal model for a laser range finder based on human retinal structure, and the information extraction method using a spiking neural network based on perceiving-acting cycle. Next, we apply the proposed method for a human tracing task in a dynamic environment. As an experimental result, we show the robot can directly perceive the necessary information by the attention mechanism for the flexible perception according to spatiotemporal context based on the spiking neural network.


This text presents some aspects of the Neuromuse project developed at CIRM. We will present some experiences in using self-organizing maps (SOM) to generate meaningful musical sequences, in realtime interfaces, with MaxMSP and Jitter.


We study exceptions handling techniques in Java programming language.We first give an introduction to some methods to exceptions handling,and then give a brief analysis about them.Finally,we present some advice about how to define exception classes and how to use them.


In practical applications, some system parameters of the quadrotor UAVs such as inertia moments and thrust coefficients are usually unknown or difficult to measure. Moreover, the quadrotor UAVs are suffering from bounded disturbances and model uncertainties. To address this problem, this paper proposes an adaptive non-singular terminal sliding mode controller (ANTSMC) is designed to stabilize the quadrotor in the presence of the unknown system parameters and the external disturbances. The adaptive laws are designed to estimate the unknown model parameters to avoid the requirement for the information of model dynamics. In addition, proper adaptive laws are designed to estimate the upper bounds of the external disturbances. Using the estimations, the need for large control gains is avoided. Lyapunov stability analysis have proven that the ANTSMC could guarantees the finite-time convergence of the states of the quadrotor. Experimental results are given to validate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed controller.


By Daniel P. Greenfield, MD, MPH, MS, and Jack A. Gottschalk, JD, MA, MSM. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2009. 198 pp. $45.00 paperback.

Although report writing is an integral part of the practice of forensic psychiatry, few resources are devoted to teaching this skill. Daniel Greenfield


The development of technology causes more and more complex and multiform of relationship between man and world as well as between technology and its users. By providing diverse features of different technologies in the relationship between man and world, phenomenological analysis is helpful both in avoiding the fault of technological instrumentalism and essentialism and in finding out new problem of philosophy of technology.


An experiment was conducted in the Glass house of the Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Rabi, 2018 in pot culture to investigate the "Morpho-physiological Studies on response of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) under soil Water Deficit amended with Hydrogel". The experimental design was completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications. The result revealed that significant increase in plant height, number of branches, leaf area, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield per plant with application of hydrogel (cross linked polyacrylic acid homopolymer ) of 0.6g per kg soil when compared to control under 50% field capacity. All morphological and yield characters increased significantly with increase in hydrogel concentration of 0.6g per kg of soil in comparison with control under 50% field capacity.


We report dielectric, thermodynamical, acoustic, and optical properties of a chiral molecular crystal, 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol 2-dimethylsulfoxide (BINOL · 2DMSO). We find two successive phase transitions at T c1 = 190 K and T c2 = 125 K. The first transition at T c1 is characterized by an order-disorder transition of the guest molecules DMSO along with ferroelectricity. At the second transition of T c2 , the crystal structure deforms from tetragonal to monoclinic, leading to domain formation. Low-temperature x-ray di ff raction suggests that the space group changes from P 4 1 2 1 2 ( P 4 3 2 1 2) to P 4 1 ( P 4 3 ) at T c1 , and down to P 112 1 at T c2 .


The present invention provides a control system of rolling equipment. The control system of rolling equipment cannot interfere the speed for rolling materials and the tension to control. The control system of rolling equipment comprises: a rear hybrid controller and a front hybrid controller, wherein the rear hybrid controller calculates the torque reference value of a rear roller motor based on the value which is obtained by adding a value corresponding to the marching component of the rolling materials to a value corresponding to the stretching component; the rear roller motor drives the rollers of a rolling mill and the rear rollers at the rear side of other rollers; the front hybrid controller calculates the torque reference value of a front roller motor based on the value which is obtained by subtracting the value corresponding to the stretching component from the value corresponding to the marching component of the rolling materials; and the front roller motor drives the rollers of the rolling mill and the front rollers at the front side of other rollers.


The principle of Rogowski coil and two working states are presented.The measurement apparatus aiming at high frequency large current is designed.Furthermore,the experimental result of frequency characteristic and linear degree about the measurement apparatus of high frequency heavy current which of center frequency is 50Hz and rated current is 600A are given.Test results and practical experiments prove that the linearity of the measuring apparatus is less than 0.5% when working frequency is between 10~100KHz.


The success of genetic searches greatly depends on appropriate selections for many search parameters. This situation becomes more critical for optimization problems involving sharp constraint surfaces. When penalty function approaches are used to handle the constraints, the genetic algorithm conducts the search on a design space which has continually changing contours during the evolution. This often leads to incorrect gene extinctions at early stages of the search, and thus prevents the search from attaining the final global solution. This paper aims to devise a hybrid-coded crossover strategy for binary-coded genetic algorithms (BGA) which combines the major content of two-point crossover and the full domain representation characteristics embedded in many crossover schemes of real-coded genetic algorithms. It is found that the unique hybrid-coded crossover scheme can largely prevent the binary-coded genetic searches from falsely converging to sub-optimal solutions. Comparisons between BGA with the hybrid-coded crossover and the traditional two-point crossover are conducted in a number of illustrative problems with varied combinations of constraints.


Depression is one of the diseases harming human mental health.The occurrence of depression in servicemen is due to the lack of communications decided by their special professional characteristics.Importance has been attached to its research by the Chinese psychologists.Advances in research of depression in different groups of Chinese servicemen are reviewed in this paper in terms of the relation between personal features and depression,depressive state of field servicemen,depression of servicemen in different station troops,and depression of special groups of servicemen,in order to perform the study focusing on it and propose its medications.


The legal system, together with other noneconomic systems, has traditionally been treated as "given" in the mainstream of orthodox economics. Its logical structure is built upon this methodological basis. By considering institutional systems as given external conditions and placing these outside of economic analysis, economic logics have been purified and elaborated so much that economics has been elevated to the status of an exact science. In this respect, it should be noted first of all that, despite the significance of popular criticisms against its methodology and its limitations, orthodox economics has yielded notable achievements.


We show that two groups of slow two-level atoms in a weak resonant laser field are entangled. The considered groups can be separated by a macroscopic distance, and be parts of a larger atomic ensemble. In a dilute regime, for two very distant groups of atoms, in a plane-wave laser beam, we determine the maximum attainable entanglement negativity, and a laser intensity below which they are certainly entangled. They both decrease with increasing distance between the two groups, but increase with enlarging groups sizes. As a consequence, for given laser intensity, far separated groups of atoms are necessarily entangled if they are big enough.


With the continuous innovation of computer software technology, the e-government and other related information work of government departments has received increasing attention. Ministry-level information software projects are characterized by large scale, wide range of users, complex business logic, long project cycle, and large amount of post-operation and maintenance. In order to guarantee the quality of software projects, improve work efficiency, strengthen software process management capability, and effectively deal with software project risks, the article takes SW-CMM model as the basic framework, starts from three management models: project management process, engineering management process, and support activity process, and splits them into 12 sub-process domains according to the actual needs, and elaborates and analyzes the software process improvement of ministry-level information projects The main points of software process improvement for ministry-level information technology projects are elaborated and analyzed. Combining with the software engineering process improvement practices of actual software organizations, the corresponding implementation strategies are elaborated in six aspects, including controlling key links, covering the whole life cycle, promoting development standards and specifications, strengthening requirements management, enhancing project asset management and strengthening risk management, which provide an optimal solution for the process improvement of ministry-level software projects.


As imaging systems improve, the size of astronomical data has continued to grow, making the transfer and processing of data a significant burden. To solve this problem for the WIYN Observatory One Degree Imager (ODI), we developed the ODI-Portal, Pipeline, and Archive (ODI-PPA) science gateway, integrating the data archive, data reduction pipelines, and a user portal. In this paper, we discuss the integration of the QuickReduce (QR) pipeline into PPA's Tier 2 processing framework. QR is a set of parallelized, stand-alone Python routines accessible to all users, and operators who can create master calibration products and produce standardized calibrated data, with a short turn-around time. Upon completion, the data are ingested into the archive and portal, and made available to authorized users. Quality metrics and diagnostic plots are generated and presented via the portal for operator approval and user perusal. Additionally, users can tailor the calibration process to their specific science objective(s) by selecting custom datasets, applying preferred master calibrations or generating their own, and selecting pipeline options. Submission of a QuickReduce job initiates data staging, pipeline execution, and ingestion of output data products all while allowing the user to monitor the process status, and to download or further process/analyze the output within the portal. User-generated data products are placed into a private user-space within the portal. ODI-PPA leverages cyberinfrastructure at Indiana University including the Big Red II supercomputer, the Scholarly Data Archive tape system and the Data Capacitor shared file system.


The present invention discloses a method and such an electronics module for producing an electronic module, wherein component 6 is attached to the surface of the conductive layer 5, the conductive pattern after from such a conductive layer 14 is formed . ] After bonding the components (6), insulation surrounding the component (6) attached to the conductive layer-material layer 1 is formed on the surface of the conductive layer or are adhered to the surface. ] After attaching the component (6), a feed-it may be generated between the electrical write via the row conductive layer and the contact areas 7 of the component contact-throw the generated and also, the feed. Then, the conductive pattern 14 from the conductive layer, is produced on the surface where the adhesive component (6).


Abstract This massive collection of articles deals with a very interesting subject. Interest in European peasant politics has grown recently, especially concerning East-European developments during the inter-war period. This interest has coincided with extensive research into the political mobilisation of the peasantries in the third world and is partly linked to it. Comparative analyses however, have remained rare. The present volume therefore aims at rectifying this deficiency by providing a comprehensive review of peasant parties in Europe.


As a high-efficiency air conditioning scheme, the variable refrigerant flow (VRF) air-conditioning system is finding its way into medium-sized office buildings. Based on a generic dynamic building energy simulation environment, EnergyPlus, a new module is developed and the energy usage of the VRF system is investigated. This paper compares the energy consumption of the VRF system with that of two conventional air-conditioning systems, namely, the variable air volume (VAV) system and the fan-coil plus fresh air (FPFA) system. A generic office building is used to accommodate the different types of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Our objective is to examine the energy consumption of the VRF system applied to office buildings and make suggestions for evaluating and making decisions on HVAC systems in the early stages of building design. Simulation results show that the energy-saving potential of the VRF system is expected to achieve 22.2 percent and 11.7 percent, compared to the VAV system and the FPFA system, respectively. An energy-usage breakdown of electricity end-users in various systems is also


A proper understanding of investment environments will certainly help with the more efficient allocation of resources and will surely reduce the possibility of blind investment. In practice, the evaluation of investment environment may possibly grow into an efficient operational system, which will in turn evaluate the investment environment itself and guide investors' behaviors. In western regions of China, there are advantages as well as disadvantages in both the "hard" and "soft" conditions. Full realization of these factors will help with the establishment of an optimized investment environment and promote the development in western regions.


Abstract This article provides a historical overview of computer-assisted art assessment, introduces the basic concepts of computerized assessment of art-based instruments (CAABI), and offers a tutorial to assist art therapists in the study of its application. Understanding this emergent technology may assist art therapists in overcoming hesitancy in adopting computerized assessment procedures. The author acknowledges a central challenge to CAABI: the multivariate nature of art assessment greatly complicates analysis. Possible solutions are discussed, including the need for theory-driven introductory courses in assessment and improvements in the standardization, reliability, and validity of art-based instruments.


BACKGROUND
 In the United States, rare diseases are defined as those affecting fewer than 200,000 patients at any given time. Patients with rare diseases are frequently either misdiagnosed or left undiagnosed, possibly due in part to a lack of knowledge or experience with the rare disease on the part of care providers. With an exponentially growing volume of electronically accessible medical data, a large volume of information on thousands of rare diseases and their potentially associated diagnostic information is buried in electronic medical records (EMRs) and medical literature.

 OBJECTIVE
 We hypothesize that patients' phenotypic information available within these heterogeneous resources (e.g., electronic medical records and biomedical literature) can be leveraged to accelerate disease diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to leverage information contained in heterogeneous datasets to assist rare disease diagnosis.

 METHODS
 In a previous study, we proposed utilizing a collaborative filtering recommendation system enriched with natural language processing and semantic techniques to assist rare disease diagnosis based on phenotypic characterizations derived solely from EMR data. In this study, in order to further investigate the performance of collaborative filtering on heterogeneous datasets, we studied EMR data generated at Mayo Clinic as well as published article abstracts retrieved from the Semantic MEDLINE Database. Specifically, in this study, we applied Tanimoto coefficient similarity, overlap coefficient similarity, Fager & McGowan coefficient similarity, and log likelihood ratio similarity with K nearest neighbor and threshold based patient neighbor algorithms on various combinations of datasets.

 RESULTS
 We evaluated different approaches to this problem using characterizations derived from various combinations of EMR data and literature, as well as with solely EMR data. We extracted 12.8 million EMRs from the Mayo Clinic unstructured patient cohort generated between 2010 through 2015 and retrieved all article abstracts from the semi-structured Semantic MEDLINE Database that were published through the end of 2016. We applied a collaborative filtering model and compared the performance generated by different metrics. Log likelihood ratio similarity combined with K nearest neighbor on heterogeneous datasets showed the optimal performance in patient recommendation with PRAUC 0.475 (string match), 0.511 (SNOMED match), and 0.752 (GARD match). Log likelihood ratio similarity also performed the best with mean average precision 0.465 (string match), 0.5 (SNOMED match), and 0.749 (GARD match). Performance of rare disease prediction was also demonstrated by using the optimal algorithm. Macro-average F-measure for string, SNOMED-CT, and GARD match were 0.32, 0.42, and 0.63, respectively.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This study demonstrated potential utilization of heterogeneous datasets in a collaborative filtering model to support rare disease diagnosis. In addition to phenotypic-based analysis, in the future, we plan to resolve the heterogeneity issue and reduce miscommunication between EMR and literature by mining genotypic information to establish a comprehensive disease-phenotype-gene network for rare disease diagnosis.


A convenient synthesis of 2-exo-methylenepenams 1 is performed by reductive cyclization of allenecarboxylates 8 in a BiCl3/Zn bimetal redox system; subsequent manipulation of the 2-exo-methylene moiety of 1 opens new entries to β-lactam antibiotics and/or β-lactamase inhibitors.


This chapter focuses on Lebanon, where the Ottoman legacy has been especially salient. It analyzes the strong impact of modern missionary education on the local Christian communities, especially among the Maronites and on the Lebanese elites until today. The chapter then focuses more extensively on the case of the Shi?i community, which has experienced the most significant development over the last half-century, and whose relatively recent process of institutionalization and 'catching up' is of an exemplary character. It explores the role played by education in the empowering process the Shi?is have gone through since the 1960s, and how they opened their own faith-based schools, drawing on various resources and alternative international networks. The choice of these two communities is motivated by their underprivileged legal or political status as minorities during the Ottoman period, and by some similarities as to their geographic settlement. Keywords:Christian; Lebanon; Maronites; Ottoman legacy; Shi'is


A detailed account of the various tribes and castes that in habit areas of modern Uttar Pradesh, Uttarachal and parts of Madhya Pradesh, Bengal, Bihar and Jharkand. The various castes have been noticed in detail are their rites, customs, religious beliefs. They tribes are listed alphabetically and are contained in 4 volumes.


In energy efficient analysis, user behavior detection related to the dynamic demands of energy is a critical aspect to support the intelligent control schema of Building Management System. In this paper, anomalous occupancy of user behavior tends to be figured out from multiple time-series of occupancy record. The problems in this issue include the time-stamp detection and time-span identification of anomaly events. Most inference model based on Markov Chain can illustrate the time-stamp detection problem reasonably, but the time-span identification problem is just vaguely explained. Therefore, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model is declared to figure out those two problems efficiently. First, the discrete data of occupancy are expressed as mixture model of Poisson distribution, and are transformed to a dataset with several semantic concepts via Expectation-Maximization Algorithm. Then, the denotation of LDA components (including the words, the topic, the document, and the relevant parameters and hyper-parameters) are illustrated, according to the semantic dataset. Finally, particle filter algorithm is leveraged to sample latent variable of topic, according to the conditional posterior probability of word for specific topic. After iterations, the probability of samples is closely approximated the true marginal distribution of words with specific topic. Through the relation matrix of words and topic, the most possible topic can be explained for the specific document. If a document's topic is different with other document's topic, this document can be identified as a bias of point anomaly (noting generally the amount of topics setup to two). Due to a word can involve several time-stamps of the time-series in a time, other contextual anomalies nearby the point anomaly can be marked, and they are the notation of time-spans for anomalous events. With a step by step along the time-series, all time-stamps can be ergodic as the documents, then all the contextual anomalies can be explained as following the happening of point anomalous event.


ABSTRACT Much has been made of the ongoing partisan realignment of college-educated voters from the Republican to the Democratic Party, particularly the shift among college-educated whites. Less attention has been paid to how this realignment affects the nature of both the Republican and Democratic parties and the policies for which each advocate. This paper investigates the effect of this realignment on one policy area: LGBTQ+ issues, a policy area in which there is a significant difference in public opinion between college-educated and non-college-educated Americans. Using data on congressional activity on LGBTQ+ issues from 2005 to 2019, I test the effect of the education realignment in this policy area through both elite replacement and conversion. I find there is greater evidence for the realignment affecting party position taking through replacement, as a significant number of pro-LGBTQ+ Republicans and anti-LGBTQ+ Democrats were swept out of office in recent years. This furthers polarization on LGBTQ+ issues.


The present invention discloses a role of the tissue surgical instrument (10). The surgical instrument includes at least one processor (3706), with at least one motor (530) that communication with the processor and at least one actuating means (840). First variable (3801) is programmed to the processor from the removable tool portion (3554,3556,3558) receives the removable tools described herein. The processor is further programmed to control the first variable algorithm instrument (3802) is applied to. Further, the processor is programmed to receive input from the actuator means a control signal (3818) and controls at least one motor in accordance with a control algorithm to consider the input control signal to instruments in combination with a removable tool may operate the surgical instrument.


1. Survival in Neurology2. Neurologic History and Physical Exam3. Neuroanatomy Review4. Neuroimaging5. Neurodiagnostic Tools6. Stroke7. Review of Selected Stroke Trials8. The Neurologic Intensive Care Unit9. Seizures10. Alterations in Mental Status11. Vertigo, Dizziness, and Ataxia12. Acute Vision Loss13. Spinal Cord Compression14. Weakness15. Headache16. Central Nervous System Infections17. Peripheral Neuropathy18. Multiple Sclerosis19. Movement Disorders20. Dementia21. Low Back Pain22. Neoplasms23. Sleep DisordersAppendice


1. Radiographic system (2), soderzhaschayaustroystvo (4) generating X-ray radiation; idetektor (6) X-ray radiation, wherein the device (4) generating X-ray radiation and the detector (6) X-radiation, operatively connected to receive X-ray images of an object (10) to be inspected; wherein Radiographic system further soderzhituzel (19) moving by a motor , comprising: at least one bidirectional wheel (18); idvigatelnuyu arrangement associated with at least one bidirectional wheel (18), said assembly (19) movement by the motor is movable over the surface, wherein the at least one bidirectional wheel (18) is movable radiographic system (2) on a surface; wherein the at least one bidirectional wheel (18) is rotatable at least in a first direction (20) and at least a second direction (22), wherein the first direction (20) and a second n board (22) are non-parallel, wherein the node (19) via displacement motor is adapted to indicate detection of the desired movement (16) X-ray system (2) relative to the surface; and wherein the indication is a manual indication provided by the radiographic system (2) .2. Radiographic system of claim 1, wherein at least one bidirectional wheel (18) soderzhitpo least one first rotating element (24); and at least one second rotating element (26), said at least one first rotating member (24


Article has scientifically-methodical character and is devoted the formalized statement of the situation analysis problem in the trade markets in interests of effective trading operations carrying out. The major factors defining the highest level uncertainty at financial markets state estimation formation are presented. The basic efficiency criteria of the situation analysis from the system theory point of view are considered. The traditional approach to the market state analysis on the basis statistical system synthesis is considered. The construction of statistically steady algorithms basic methods for trading situations estimation is represented.


We report the discovery of a planetary nebula centered on the poorly studied symbiotic binary star DT Ser. In a few other symbiotic stars spatially resolved nebulae have been discovered as well, but only one of them probably is a genuine planetary nebula, while the others are likely to originate in complex mass-ejection episodes from the interacting binary central stars that are possibly related to nova-like outbursts. The rim of the planetary nebula around DT Ser is severely distorted toward a brighter star 5 arcsec away. In infrared WISE data, this star shows the presence of a detached cold-dust shell similar to those observed in post-AGB stars. The apparent association of the symbiotic star and its planetary nebula with the nearby possible post-AGB object is discussed. We also discuss the sparse and conflicting literature data that could support an observed variability of the surface brightness of the planetary nebula. The puzzling and intriguing characteristics displayed by DT Ser are surely worth additional and more detailed investigations.


ion about possible semantic categories (doer/agent or undergoer/patient) so their initial representations are constructed around individual verbs to be able to decode thematic structure in an utterance (Tomasello, 1992; 1999; Akhtar & Tomasello, 1997; Boyd & Goldberg, 2012; Savage, Lieven, Theakston & Tomasello, 2003). In other words, children initially form isolated thematic islands on the basis of individual verbs. For instance, they realize that the kisser appears prior to kissing, which is followed by the kissee whenever the word kissing appears in an utterance. Importantly, there is no generalization about semantic roles in these initial interpretations (such that the kisser is the doer of the action and the kissee is the receiver of the action). As children accumulate many of such verb islands, they gradually attain broad semantic abstractions. Only then do they begin to realize that their language always marks certain semantic roles in certain structural patterns (e.g., case markers, verbal morphemes, word order). Having no initial semantic representations lead to the late abstraction of syntactic rules, which is manifested as verb-based interpretation of the thematic roles and failure to integrate case markers until late in acquisition. The second hypothesis, namely the Syntactic Maturation Hypothesis, predicts that children would fail interpreting non-canonical sentences due to the late maturation of their Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (LIFG). There is more or less a consensus on the fact that LIFG, more specifically the dorsal fiber bundles that connect the temporal cortext to Broca's area, does not reach full maturation until age 7 or 8, both in terms of synaptic connections and speed of 292


Calculating the control function that is in the coefficients of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation and minimizes the objective functional consisting of two integrals is main aim of this article. After proving the existence and uniqueness of the solution, we have constituted an algorithm using the method of gradient of projection. Results are tested on a quantum‐mechanical problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 20: 82–89, 2004.


A novel type of filter based on D fibre with an overlay grating is proposed. The fabrication and characterisation of the device are described and its use in an erbium doped fibre amplifier to obtain a flatter gain spectrum is discussed.


Innovation in process development is essential for applying biocatalysis in industrial and laboratory productions of organic compounds including beneficial carbohydrates such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs have attracted increasing attention for exploring their potential applications as key ingredients in products that can improve human health. To access HMOs via biocatalysis in an efficient manner, we have developed a combined substrate and process engineering strategy namely the multistep one-pot multienzyme (MSOPME) design. The strategy allows the access to a pure tagged HMO in a single reactor with a single C18-cartridge purification process despite the length of the target. Its efficiency was demonstrated in high-yield (71-91%) one-pot synthesis of twenty tagged HMOs (83-155 mg) including long-chain oligosaccharides with or without fucosylation or sialylation up to nonaoses from a lactoside without the isolation of the intermediate oligosaccharides. Gram-scale synthesis of an important HMO derivative, a tagged lacto-N-fucopentaose-I (LNFP-I), succeeded in 84% yield. Tag removal was achieved in high efficiency (94-97%) without the need for column purification to produce the desired natural HMOs with a free reducing end. We envision that the method can be readily adapted for large-scale synthesis and automation to allow quick access to HMOs, other glycans, and glycoconjugates.


The gamma-ray dose and dose-rate effects and the loss of weight in the sprout inhibition of potato tubers were studied. The potato tubers used for this experiments were "Danshaku" variety which were yielded in October in Hokkaido.The irradiation was carried out in the dose-rate range from 5 × 102 R/h to 5 × 105 R/h changing the dose from 3 kR to 15 KR in December of 1975 and 1976. 60Co-source used for those irradiation were 7300 Ci and 13000 Ci of a rod type one (1.4 cm ∅ × 30 cm), respectively. The irradiated potato tubers were stored for 5 to 7 months in dark natural condition, and their sprouting and their weight variation were observed.The obtained results are summarized as follows:1) The time of sprouting of the irradiated potato tubers is delayed compared to that of non-irradiated ones (control). The more the dose and the higher the dose-rate, the delayed time becomes larger. The potatoe tubers irradiated to 6 kR under 5 × 104 R/h are late about 60 days in sprouting from non-irradiated ones (Fig. 1).2) The sprout inhibition is more effective not only by heavier irradiation dose, but also by irradiation under higher exposurerate (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).3) The necessary and sufficient dose for the sprout inhibition is estimated to be about 10.5 kR for exposure-rate of 5 × 103 R/h, and it increases rapidly for the lower exposure-rate, while it decreases with the rate of about 2 kR per one order of magnitude of exposure-rate for the higher exposure-rate (Fig. 4).4) The rate of weight loss of irradiated potato tubers is small compared to that of non-irradiated ones, and ones more irradiatedshow less rate of weight loss (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). The exposure-rate dependence in weight loss is not apparent (Fig. 7).


In order to select a reasonable evacuation route to avoid or reduce injuries and deaths when the fire breaks out on cruise ship,the equivalent length is introduced to establish the cruise ship emergency evacuation model in case of fire.Dijkstra algorithm is adopted to get multiple shortest evacuation routes between the disaster area and the emergency exits,and the solutions are obtained by MATLAB.Cruise ship "Ocean Oasis" is selected to do the empirical research.In the case that fire in passenger cabin is known,the influences of path occupation and the expanding of fire on the optimal evacuation routes are discussed.The result shows that the evacuation model is of reliability.


Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the major causes of vision loss and blindness in young adults despite the availability of effective treatment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of DR among adult diabetic patients attending primary health care centers in Kuwait and to identify factors that could be associated with DR. Methods: The current study is a part of a larger multi-centric one. The first phase of the study is a cross sectional one to determine the prevalence of DR among diabetic patients attending the selected primary health care centers. The second one was a nested case-control study, whereas all patients with DR (case group n = 216) were compared with all other diabetic patients without DR (control group n = 488) to determine the associated factors with cases. A pre-designed questionnaire included socio-demographic, clinical data, in addition to health care characteristics and personal practice. Basic univariate analyses were followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of DR among adult diabetic patients attending primary health care centers was 43.6%. Of the personal factors examined, age was the only significant determinant of DR (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1 – 5.2) and (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 2.0 – 11.0) for age groups 50 – 59 and > 60 as compared with those 20 years as compared with Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy - prevalence - associated factors


The optimal multiuser detection has the exponential complexity,so it cannot be used in practical applications. The authors presented a method to shorten the time of multiuser detection and achieve the real-time requirement. First,the Lagrange multipliers was used to transform the constrained multiuser detection optimization model into a non-constrained one. Second,the non-constrained optimization model was transformed into an algebraic equation. Finally,the multiuser detection solution was transformed to the eigenvectors of a matrix by the deformation of the algebraic equation and the power method was used to calculate the eigenvectors. Simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly shorten the time of detection,reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER),resist near-far effects and increase the user capacity of the system compared with traditional algorithm and particle swarm optimization.


To the Editor:— Diagrams-Diagrams are certainly not adequate for a plastic surgeon's records. But other specialists, especially dermatologists and orthopedists, do well to take photographs of certain problems in order that the records be complete. Patients seem to understand this (better than doctors) and accept photography without question. When I first started practice, I followed my hospital's routine and used its permission form. It sounded so legal that one patient wouldn't sign! It is perfectly all right for a doctor to write the most intimate details of a patient's sex life into the records, but a signed permission slip is suggested by some lawyers before a photograph is taken merely for the record. I threw away the permission slips saying to myself that I was going to be logical even if the lawyers weren't. Twelve years and some 5,000 patients later, I've never had a patient demur. I have my


Objective To explore the best operation and power option in ultrasonic dental cleaning without damaging the teeth. Methods Twenty-five unorganized teeth were used in this study,which were divided into three groups of A,B and D,and the normal one was as control.Each group of 8 teeth was cleaned with different power and technique,and then observed under scannig electron microscope.Meanwhile,200 cases of patients,100 as the experimental group and other 100 as control,were selected to clean the teeth by well-trained dentists.In half a year they were followed up and analysed.Results The findings of treatment of unorganized teeth in vitro and 200 cases of patients,the best ultrasonic export power was 4~5 MHz.and the preasure from the hands ranged from 5 to 10 grams.The parallel direction of the transverse section and the ultrasonic probe formed an angle of 20 degrees.Minimum damage to the teeth was acheived if the working point of ultrasonic probe on the teeth swept fast and in addition the polish after the cleaning was suggested.Conclusions Ultrasonic tooth cleaning saves time and energy.The correct power export and techniques guarentee thorough cleaning of the concretion and pigmentation on the teeth,leaving the teeth intact.

Key words:
Ultrasonic dental cleaning; Observation with scanning electron microscope; Tooth damage; Prevention


This paper performs a comparative analysis on structures of demand for money before and after the 1997 Asian Crisis by constructing cointergration and error-correction models, utilizing monthky observations under and open-economy framework. The findings postulate the differences in the nature of long-run relationships in periods before and after the Asina crisis, as well as speed of adjustment towards equilibrium among ASIA-4: Korea, Malaysia, the Philippones and Thailand. Interest rate policy interventions haveno infuluence on short-run relationship of demand of money fuction.


This paper makes a close connection between primary environment problems and secondary environment problems,as to come up with the elementary solutions to these problems,is the major purpose of study.of the human factors on natural disasters occurrence and the intensification of environmental problems.


Background: Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (malignant). They can cause inflow-outflow tract obstruction, thromboembolism, arrhythmias, or pericardial disorders. Case Report: A 30 year old male presented with cough and dyspnea of one month duration. Routine echocardiography revealed a large tumor mass filling the entire right atrium. Computed tomography delineated tumor arising from the left lobe of the liver and entering through the inferior vena cava (IVC) to right atrium. Ultrasound guided biopsy demonstrated hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient initially improved with oral sorafenib (receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and then succumbed to his primary illness after six months. Conclusion: We report here transvascular growth of hepatocellular carcinoma through IVC to right atrium, a rare phenomenon.


Optical system for humans has the ability to get to know a very large number of objects or classes of object from two-dimensional visual information or three dimensions. Solving this task of detection or recognition by humans without any major effort is due to the ability of humans for very fast parallel processing and their ability for self development, as well as the ability to learn from experience due to the exceptional structure of the human brain. Computer vision systems exist that are able to detecting an object in image, but usually these systems need to be instructed what the object to detect is. And the main difficulty comes from a very large number of objects, each of these objects may appear in an infinite number of several aspects: dimension, shape, color, position, lighting, and shade. In this paper, we present a robust method attempts to deal with the above challenges by using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Random Forest techniques (RF). Results show that using the suggested method 95.39% classification rate in the car detection, as well as 94.9%, for cat detection, and flower detection.


ABSTRACT Objective: To highlight the importance of hypokalemia correction in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA), which is not emphasized sufficiently in the literature or clinical guidelines. Methods: We report the cases of 4 patients with hypokalemia and hypertension in whom the screening and confirmatory diagnosis of PA was made possible only after potassium level normalization. Results: Cases 1 and 2 were referred for evaluation of hypokalemia and hypertension while cases 3 and 4 were admitted to the hospital for severe generalized weakness and palpitations, respectively. Initial labs for all were remarkable for hypokalemia, with potassium levels of 1.9 to 3.2 mEq/L (normal range: 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L), relatively low aldosterone of <1.0 to 13.0 ng/dL, and elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio. Saline infusion tests were performed for cases 1 and 2 when potassium was 3.2 mEq/L with post-test aldosterone levels of 9.0 and 3.0 ng/dL, respectively, suggesting the diagnosis of PA as less likely. After p...


The objectives of this paper are to explain the legal framework within which the nuclear industry and the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) operate; clarify the basis from which the NII assesses civil structures ; reinforce the approach the NII expects the nuclear industry to follow to demonstrate that its structures are safe enough; and to argue that what is sought is not 'overdesign' but adequate design against clearly identified safety functional requirements, using appropriate design standards.


This paper presents a new nonlinear controller for unified power flow controller (UPFC) based on the Lyapunov's finite time terminal sliding mode concept. Further instead of controlling the direct and quadrature-axis currents of the series voltage source converter (VSC), the instantaneous real-and reactive power components are used as control variables. This mode of control dispenses the unmodelled dynamics of the VSC phase-locked loop system and produces a robust control for the active-reactive power, and dc voltage excursions. Computer simulation results are obtained for a variety of operating conditions for 3-machine 6-bus power system using the finite time terminal sliding mode control and the results are compared with a standard input-output feedback linearisation approach to validate the superiority of the proposed controller.


Abstract In line with a substantial body of feminist scholarship interrogating the representational agency of women's personal narratives, this article examines the autobiographical writings of politically active British women in the late nineteenth century and their particular relationship to issues of politics and genre. It begins by outlining the attitudes and approaches taken by a number of female activists of the period towards the interrelation of autobiography with history and politics, and it then focuses this issue in a discussion of Edith Simcox's Autobiography of a Shirt Maker. The argument positions these women's writings alongside the multitude of contemporary class-related and gender-specific constraints which aimed to 'outlaw' female behaviour in order to examine how their desire to 'write to history' provided a significant motivation for their life-writings, at the same time as their writings reveal a representation of selfhood that is both ontologically and epistemologically complex.


This article argues that the later work of Foucault, notably that set out in The History of Sexuality, can make a useful contribution to organizational and occupational psychology. It goes on to analyse accounts of stress, related by client-service workers during interviews, using concepts informed by this work. Such a method of analysing a key work experience takes us beyond the positivism that dominates the large stress literature. Our emphasis is on Foucault's ideas relating to the creation of oneself as a work of art and the moral problematization of pleasure, rather than the more commonly applied surveillance and disciplinary controls. We consider stress discourse in this light and note the often overlooked heterogeneity of these stress accounts and self-portraits. We note that creation of self may itself be a 'stressful' process. This use of Foucault allows a rich reading of stress discourses and could, the authors believe, be applied in other organizational and occupational research.


booklet. Session 2: Novel experimental approaches to CZO science Talk 2.1: Fate and risk control of pollutants derived from organic fertilizer in the peri-urban critical zone Linlin Qiu1, Xipeng Liu2, Rongfu Li3, Dongxing Guan3, Wenchao Du1,Feifei Sun1, Gang Li4, Sumit Sinha5, Rong Ji1,6, Xiaohong Ruan3, Wei Li3,6, Xianyong Lin2, Joseph Holden7, Paul Kay7, Yongguan Zhu4, Steve Banwart5,6, Hongyan Guo1,6 1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China 2 Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China 3 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China 4 Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315800, China 5 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 6 Joint International Research Centre for Critical Zone Science (University of Leeds and Nanjing University) 7 School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Accompanying increasing urbanization, ensuring food production and ecological security has become an urgent issue. The peri-urban critical zone has become an important area of agricultural production. Long-term usage of chemical fertilizer is now being seen as unsustainable due to depleting resources and deteriorating soil quality. Utilization of organic fertilizer could be an alternative 'renewable' source of nutrients for agriculture and may also benefit the soil crumb structure and soil microbial community. However, there is also concern that organic fertilizer may have risks in terms of contaminant load (e.g. redundant nitrogen and phosphorus, heavy metals, antibiotics, etc.) which may impact the soil, crop and water environment. Hence, our project examines the fate of pollutants introduced by applying organic fertilizer and seeks to understand effective approaches to control the risks of using organic fertilizer. We report here on one component of our study, namely: investigation of the fate of organic fertilizer pollutants via an infield lysimeter study. 32 lysimeters with 80 centimeter in diameter received one control (without fertilizer) and three treatments (chemical fertilizer, half chemical fertilizer plus half pig manure, pig manure). We found that pig manure application increased the concentration of dissolved organic carbon, phosphorus and some heavy metals (Cu, Co, Ni, As and Cr) in the leachate which may contaminate groundwater or surface water streams. We added 14C-labelled sulfadiazine antibiotic to pig manure and applied this mixture to lysimeters. Our results indicated that the majority of sulfadiazine bound to the soil very quickly and that extractable residues detected in the extracts continuously decreased with increasing incubation time. We are also studying risk control using field edge buffer strips and field applications of biochar to reduce contaminant loss and data are still being produced. We will combine these data with modelling in the future aiming at providing a theoretical basis for safe agricultural use of organic fertilizers. Talk 2.2: Knowledge exchange across the environment-policy interface in China: how is this undertaken and what can be improved? Ying Zhenga*, Larissa A. Naylora, Susan Waldrona, David M. Oliverb aSchool of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; bFaculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK Global to local environmental policy-making is increasingly evidenced-based. Knowledge exchange (KE, a two-way knowledge sharing that informs project design) is increasingly used by environmental scientists and policymakers, to deliver evidence-based policy and practice. This study presents the output from the KE research project within the China-UK Critical Zone (CZ) programme in China from 2016 to 2018, focussing on understanding: (i) the key issues of environmental change and management Chinese leaders and farmers face that our research can inform; (ii) the current ways in which they learn from scientists and their learning preference. To achieve this, surveys and interviews were conducted in two CZ research areas (Anshun County in Guizhou with karst landscape and Yujiang County in Jiangxi with red soils) to > 400 farmers and > 30 government officials. This research showed that there was an urgent need to create more communication opportunities for the local stakeholders (farmers and officials from farm to county scale of governance) with scientists to improve their understanding about the landscapes they live and work in. With the survey results revealing the most challenging environmental and farming issues in both counties, suggestions from CZ science research on the following topics is strongly recommended: i) how to improve water availability and quality; ii) how to reduce soil loss and enhance soil quality (particularly in Yujiang) and iii) how to avoid unnecessary use of fertiliser. Furthermore, developing conceptual models of the science-policy-practice interfaces and assessing the stakeholders' preference for the types of KE practice helped to understand how scientists can get involved better with local stakeholders to share knowledge efficiently in the local context. The conceptual models showed the different practical roles of village – provincial leaders in the process of KE delivery, where interacting with the provincial leaders would better help effectively inform policy making. In addition, on-site farm visit was the learning method preferred by the majority of farmers in both counties, while demonstration farms were highly supported by both farmers and leaders. Drawn on this understanding, suggestions for how to delivery KE more efficiently in China rural areas can be provided. In doing this, relationships will be built and communication channels established that allow future research building on this CZ Programme investment to effectively engage in KE in China. Talk 2.3: Zn Isotope Fractionation during Sorption onto Al Oxide: Molecular Level Understanding from Zn EXAFS Investigation Wei Li*, Wenxian Gou, Weiqiang Li MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Geochemistry School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023 China To better understand the biogeochemical cycling of in the earth's Critical Zone, we applied Zn stable isotope techniques to track the Zn transport in environmental processes. As a start, we studied zinc isotope fractionation during its sorption onto Al oxide, a typical soil mineral, by performing experiments under various pH and total Zn concentrations and measuring Zn isotope signature using Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS). Results showed a systematic enrichment in heavy Zn isotopes on the surface of Al oxide, with Δ66Zn adsorbed-solution ranging from 0.50±0.16‰ at low pH (e.g., pH 6) and low concentration (e.g., 0.2 mM ) to 0.10 ± 0.02‰ at high pH (e.g., pH7.5) and high concentration (e.g., 0.8 mM). These different magnitudes of Zn fractionation are related to structural differences between Zn sorption mechanism existing on the high pH (octahedrally coordinated Zn by oxygen atoms) and low pH (tetrahedrally coordinated Zn by oxygen atoms), as evidenced by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. EXAFS analysis also suggest Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) formed at high pH and high concentration, the structure of which has a Zn-O bond distance of 2.06 Å. In contrast, at low pH or low concentration, results from EXAFS indicates Zn sorbed as an inner-sphere surface complex, with Zn-O interatomic distance being 1.99 Å. These two distinct mechanisms indicate that Zn isotope fractionation is dominantly controlled by the chemical composition of the solution (pH, concentration) and these factors should be considered when using Zn isotope to track pollution source. Furthermore, the combination of Zn isotope and EXAFS will deepen our understanding in Zn transport and cycling in the environment. Talk 2.4: Understanding the nitrate behaviours in karst critical zone (KCZ), constrained by sensor technology and dual nitrate isotopes Fu-Jun Yue1*, Susan Waldron1, Si-Liang Li2, Zhong-Jun Wang3, David Oliver4 1School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom (*Correspondence:firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com) 2Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China (email@example.com) 3 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, 550081, China (firstname.lastname@example.com) 4Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom (email@example.com) To understand nitrate behavior and its controlling factors in a farmed karst catchment (SW China), we deployed sensor technology at five sites to generate autonomously high-resolution time series of discharge and [NO3−–N]. The [NO3−–N] time series exhibited a rapid response to rainfall-induced increases in discharge and large magnitude ranging from 0.72 to 16.3 mg/L. The highest mean [NO3−–N] and normalized annual fluvial export were observed in one head water catchment, and elsewhere this was less-pronounced due to buffering by the complex karstic aquifer network. Clear seasonal variation in NO3−–N export occurred in response to nitrate source availability, most notable in catchments with valley agriculture: up to 97% of nitrate was exported from the headwater catchments in the wet season, compared to 61% of nitrate exported at the larger catchment scale. The persistent increased in ground water level and discharge during sucessive rainfall events showed that new water disc


Trading in the financial markets often requires that information be available in real time to be effectively processed. Furthermore, complete information is not always available about the reliability of data, or its timeliness—nevertheless, a decision must still be made about whether to trade or not. We propose a mechanism whereby different data sources are monitored, using Semantic Web facilities, by different agents, which communicate among each other to determine the presence of good trading opportunities. When a trading opportunity presents itself, the human traders are notified to determine whether or not to execute the trade. The Semantic Web, Web Services, and URML technologies are used to enable this mechanism. The human traders are notified of the trade at the optimal time so as not to either waste their resources or lose a good trading opportunity. We also have designed a rudimentary prototype system for simulating the interaction between the intelligent agents and the human beings, and show some results through experiments on this simulation for trading of the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) options.


Chapter 1 This chapter introduces the main classes of pesticides with a brief overview of their mode of toxic action. Cholinesterase inhibiting chemicals and their known effects on birds are reviewed in detail. The benefits and limitations of the use of lethal compared to sublethal toxicological endpoints to assess pesticide impacts on avian species in toxicological research are discussed. It is argued that there is a critical need for investigations of sublethal effects to consider biochemical and physiological components of ecologically relevant traits. The use of pesticides for locust control, particularly fenitrothion and fipronil, by the Australian Plague Locust Commission, is discussed. The chemical properties and mode of toxic action of these two pesticides are reviewed and the potential impact of their application on Australian native bird species is assessed. Chapter 2 Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibiting pesticides are applied throughout Australia to control agricultural pests. Blood plasma ChE activity is a sensitive indicator of exposure to organophosphorus insecticides in vertebrates. To aid biomonitoring and provide reference data for wildlife pesticide-risk assessment, plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were characterised in nine native bird species: brown songlarks (Cinclorhamphus cruralis), budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus), clamorous reed warblers (Acrocephalus stentoreus), double-barred finches (Taeniopygia bichenovii), king quails (Coturnix chinensis), Richard's pipits (Anthus novaeseelandiae), white-plumed honeyeaters (Lichenostomas penicillatus), willie wagtails (Rhipidura leucophrys) and yellow


A small size reactor called Reaktor Daya Eksperimen (RDE) is being designed by BATAN. The nuclear reactor with the power of 10 MWt based on the High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) type. The helium gas with high temperature is used to remove the heat generated from the reactor core. Therefore, the helium gas as primary cooling system of reactor is high temperature. The typical of reactor cooling system is that the primary coolant system pressure should be lower than the secondary coolant pressure. In order to load a nuclear fuel pebble into the reactor core, a fuel handling system (FHS) is applied. In the FHS, a carrier gas of pneumatic system is important to blow the fuel pebbles. The objective of the research is to calculate the thermal design of cooler heat exchanger in which the high temperature of helium gas as carrier gas is reduced to be lower temperature. In this case, a cooler is used to cool the helium gas by coolant water. Based on the specification data requirement to calculate the thermal design of cooler, the ChemCAD.6.1.4 software was performed. A shell-tube type of heat exchanger has been determined to reduce the temperature of helium gas from 250°C to be less than 60°C at pressure of 30 bars. The water as a coolant is passed into the shell-side at temperature of 28°C. In the design calculation, it has carried out through a various consideration on aspects of safety as well as optimization. The result of thermal design are as follows: the heat exchanger of shell-tube type using fixed tube sheet with heat duty of 0.3122 MJ/s, the coolant water mass flow rate is 3.55 kg/s, surface area for heat transfer is 51.4471 m2 and Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) is 81.53°C. Furthermore, the design result requirement of heat exchanger based on the specification, design tolerance and manufacture in appropriate with the TEMA standard of shell-tube type. The thermal design of cooler in the carrier gas of pneumatic system is expected to provide the design of FHS.


This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the effect of different feed additives on broiler chickens' performance, carcass, and internal organs. This study used 160 broiler chickens placed in 16 units of litter cages measuring 100x100 cm. Broiler chickens were given starter feed (CP11) and then given finisher feed (CP12) until the age of 28 days. The study used a completely randomized design of four treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of P0 (control), P1 (addition of 0,003 gram of bacitracin zinc/ kg of feed), P2 (addition of 25 mL of boiled extract of ketapang leaves/kg of feed), and P3 (addition of 25 mL of boiled extract of temulawak rhizome/kg of feed). The observed variables were feed consumption, live weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass


(Summary of Results) Abstract In this paper, we propose parallel implementations for solving Perceptual Grouping tasks on distributed memory machines. Our implementations show that, given 7K line segments extracted from a 1K 1K image, the Line Grouping task can be performed in 0.486 seconds using a partition of CM-5 having 256 processing nodes and in 0.382 seconds using a 16-node Cray T3D. The serial implementation written in C takes 20.368 seconds and 4.181 seconds using 1-node CM-5 and 1-node T3D respectively. Our code is written in C and MPI message passing standard and can be easily ported to other high performance computing platforms.


Introduction, geologic framework The Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) is underlain by an orogenic collage which is built up by several tectonostratigraphic terrains. The boundary of the two main terrains, the northwestern ALCAPA and the southeastern TISZA, is the Mid-Hungarian Mobile Belt (MHMB). It is the most significant neotectonic zone of the Pannonian Basin. Structural analysis was carried out on historical industry seismic sections across and along the Mid-Hungarian Mobile Belt, between the Danube and the Tisza rivers (Fig. 1).


Ferrocenyl derivatives are currently under investigation by our group and several series containing both amidothienyl and amidothiazolyl systems have been synthesised and characterised. The incorporation of thienyl/thiazolyl groups into a ferrocenyl- or ferrocenylphenyl system greatly enhances the number of potential donor atoms for coordination with metal fragments e.g. PtII, PdII with a view to platinum anti-cancer studies and/or interaction with guest molecules through suitable hydrogen bonding interactions.

In nature, thiazole has been found to be vital in certain natural products: examples include the antibiotic bacitracin and the siderophore yersiniabactin. In therapeutic studies the antitumour compound epothilone A and myxothiazole (inhibitor) have been extensively studied.


This document provides a summary of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the treatment of anthrax disease caused by a wide-area release of Bacillus anthracis spores as an act bioterrorism. These FAQs are intended to provide the public health and medical community, as well as others, with guidance and communications to support the response and long-term recovery from an anthrax event.


OBJECTIVES
To examine family social support and closeness to the patient for their association with diet in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of colon cancer patients.

METHODS
Participants (N=98) were interviewed by telephone to assess study constructs. Multiple hierarchical regressions examined relationships among family factors and diet.

RESULTS
Family social support was associated with healthier diets, particularly fruits and vegetables. However, FDRs closest to the cancer patient had less healthy diets.

CONCLUSIONS
FDRs with close relationships to their family member with cancer may be in greatest need of dietary intervention. Diet is understudied in this high-risk population and warrants more investigation.


In her Preface, Weiyu Zhang attunes her readers to four themes: the question of why, after twenty years of exposure of the Chinese public to Internet technologies, democratisation is still beyond reach; her rejection of "the myth of Chinese exceptionalism"; the concept of "fandom publics"; and her reliance on her 15-year empirical data collection. The strength of the book lies above all in its informative collection of hard data...


Within the framework of a study of ion sources of the duoplasmatron type, it was shown that, if the arc parameters (pressure, arc current, and magnetic induction) are fixed, this source will furnish a constant ion current. The ion and electron emission of this source were compared. The total electron current extracted is almost independent of the extraction voltage, if the other parameters are he'd constant. It is shown that the current increases with the magnetic induction, arc current, and diameter of extraction diaphragm. The study of the spectrum of the electron velocities showed that the extracted electrons have a mean velocity which increases with the arc current and with the magnetic induction. The spectrum length was of the order of 10 v. Therefore, the duoplasmatron can be used as an electron gun with high emissivity. (J.S.R.)


To the editors,We read with great interest the article titled "Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Prostate Cancer: Optimal B Value at 3T" by Ji Hyun Koo et al. (1), published in the Korean Journal of Radiology (DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.1.61). This article will be a useful diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) guide for radiologists in assessing prostatic cancer. In the paper, the authors compared 4 different b values and suggested them for predicting prostate cancer; the optimal b value for 3T DWI was found to be 1000 s/mm


The solid solution of the ternary transition metal Zintl phase Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 (0 < x < 14) has been prepared by heating a mixture of stoichiometric amounts of the elements in a two-zone furnace with T high = 1100 °C and T low = 1050 °C. The ternary transition metal compounds crystallize in the tetragonal space group I4 1 /acd and are isostructural with the Zintl compound Ca 14 AlSb 11 . The lattice parameters of the Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 compounds linearly increase with increasing Eu substitution for Ca. The Eu atoms preferentially occupy the C a (2) site first and subsequently occupy Ca(4), Ca(1), and Ca(3), in order, among the four crystallographically inequivalent Ca sites. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of the solid solution reveal that Eu replacement for Ca induces complex magnetic interactions in the compound, from simple ferromagnetic interactions for Ca 14 -MnSb 11 to ferrimagnetic interactions for Eu 14 MnSb 11 , because of the Eu 2+ (4f 7 ) magnetic moment. The paramagnetic Curie temperature of the Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 compounds shows an interesting change with varying x, and the magnetic easy axis gradually changes in the solid solution from perpendicular (for Ca 14 MnSb 11 ) to parallel (for Eu 14 MnSb 11 ) to the crystal c axis. The electrical transport properties of the Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 (x = 0, 3, 11) compounds show a close relation to their magnetic properties and are compared to the previous results for Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 (x = 13, 14). The influence of Eu doping on the structural and physical property of Ca 14-x Eu x MnSb 11 is discussed in terms of the site preferences of Eu for the four different Ca sites.


The basic characteristics of the fractal antenna are the self-similarity and the fractional dimension, which can be applied well to design the antennas.Compared to the traditional antennas with similar antenna performance,fractal antennas have two prominent advantages: reduced antenna size and ability of making antenna work in several frequency bands.This paper shows the advantange of reducing antenna sizeusing examples of Koch antenna,fractal tree antenna and fractal loop antenna,and shows the advantage of making antenna work in several frequency bands with the example of Sierpinski antenna.The paper also analyses the Minkowski fractal antenna array,and it shows that the radiation performance of the antenna array can be improved when the array element is fractal antenna.At last ,the application of the Minkowski fractal antenna in the MIMO antenna is introduced.


This paper investigates the impact of globalization and regional integration on the economic geography within a country consisting of gate and hinterland regions, which have asymmetric accessibilities to overseas markets. To better explain the reality of developing countries, we assumed that unskilled workers are employed in both traditional and manufacturing sectors. Our analytical results could explain both why and where industrial agglomeration and dispersion arise. We show that when the international trade cost is very high, the space economy has full agglomeration in the hinterland and then experiences a process of dispersion until an even industrial distribution exists between the two domestic regions. When the home country is open enough to world markets, firms will first concentrate in the hinterland and then gradually move to the gate region until a full agglomeration occurs during regional integration. With further regional economic integration, half of firms will relocate to the hinterland again, with another half of them still remaining in the gate region.


The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is probably the most widely used functional assessment scale in the world. The FIM was developed to address the lack of a uniform measurement of disability, particularly in the context of evaluating rehabilitation outcomes. It describes a person's functional abilities and limitations in activities required for daily living. The FIM is intended as a measure of disability, not impairment. This paper discusses the structure of the FIM, its measurement properties, its clinical utility for injury populations, and the effectiveness of the FIM for monitoring injury outcomes.


This paper presents a new method of reactive-combiner structure to be used as part of a multiphase digital pulsewidth modulated polar transmitter (DPWMPT). It overcomes the limitations of previous implementations of the multiphase pulse-modulated polar transmitter related to terminating pulsewidth modulation (PWM) harmonics located outside the passband, thereby improving both PWM harmonic suppression by using multiphase aliasing-free digital PWM technique and increasing overall efficiency by using reactive combining. For validation, a prototype transmitter was implemented and tested with a 64-QAM 20-MHz bandwidth long-term evolution (LTE) downlink signal with a 7.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio at 2140 MHz. The prototype dual-phase DPWMPT architecture achieved an output power level of 37 dBm and power-added efficiency of 33.5% while passing the stringent spectral requirements of the LTE standard for small-cell base stations using only simply memoryless predistortion correction.


Lane departure warning system is a method which assists a driver and also provides extreme care while car starts to move out of the lane by imparting adaptive cruise control which facilitates in detecting blind spot and providing significantly greater lane divergence warning using image processing. Multilevel fuzzy edge detection algorithm accomplishes improved efficiency and also provides exact detection of lane markings on roads even if there's fading of markings as years pass by. Precision of the device has been discovered to boost extremely by including a strategy that has been provided in this specific paper. It is different out of the conventional edge detection algorithm to identify the lane markings on streets and thereby aid the driver. This particular technique has created a refined and an accurate method which assists the driver with the aid of that type of lane departure warning system. Multitudinous parameters on the highways such as the dimensions of the lane markings, its distance and location from a specific reference point could be captured as well as recognized by several techniques making use of this algorithm which makes use of few image enhancement methodologies.


: During the Covid-19 pandemic, the role of learning outside of school has become increasingly important due to the extensive closures of schools. Using of Information and communication technology (ICT) can be an effective way to promote students' learning outcomes when they stay at home. The achievement goal theory emphasizes the importance of mastery goal orientation in students' self-regulated learning. To date, little is known about the effect of goal orientation on stduents' using of ICT outside of school for school work. Besides, their ICT self-efficacy is another important factor in using of ICT. Thus, the present study investigated the relationship among these factors by using PISA 2018 cycle data in the US. Results showed that students' mastery goal orientation and ICT self-efficacy significantly influence using of ICT outside school for schoolwork. ICT self-efficacy also moderated the relationship between students' mastery goal orientation and using of ICT outside school for schoolwork .


The present invention relates to a system which receives through the channel and provide an accurate value of the interference signal transmitted by an external transceiver. The system includes a first receiver section for receiving a signal having a desired signal component and an interference component. Signal extracting circuit extracts an estimate of the desired singho component from the received signal. The noise estimation circuit 12 provides the accurate interference value based on the estimate of the desired signal component and the received signal. The look-up table to convert the said accurate noise and / or interference value to a normalization factor. A carrier signal-to-interference ratio circuit is accurate carrier signal uses the normalization factor and the received signal to calculate an interference ratio estimate - to. Path-combining circuitry generates optimal path combining weights based on the received signal and the normalization factor.


SAR earth observation data can provide high quality flood maps and information to better assess the flood risk accordingly planning as well as to support civil protection authorities during emergency phase. The scope of this paper is to create flood extent maps from a series of SAR scenes of the Evros basin which represents a transboundary floodplain. The study uses time series SAR images of Sentnel-1 ESA's Copernicus satellite system covering the period October 2014 to May 2015. The methodology tries to identify the flood that occurs in three main land cover classes, such as urban areas, bare or poorly vegetated soil and vegetated areas, taking advantage of coand cross-polarized SAR backscattering channels, and the InSAR coherence to better characterize the landscape. Dual-pol SAR data provides the opportunity to have a better understanding and interpretation of flood detection due to way different land cover react to different polarizations. Thus, with the implementation of InSAR coherence estimation we may achieve a better record and knowledge of the flooded areas, over time, in the specific region.


The U5.0 Undulator, an 89 period, 5 cm period length, 4.6 m long insertion device has been designed, is being fabricated, and is scheduled for completion in early 1992. This undulator will be the first high brightness source, in the 50 to 1,500 eV range, for the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. A hybrid magnetic configuration using Nd–Fe–B permanent magnet material and vanadium permendur poles has been selected to achieve the field quality needed to meet performance requirements. The magnetic structure is modular with each half consisting of five assembly sections, which provide the periodic structure, and end structures, for entrance and exit correction, mounted on a steel backing beam. Each assembly section consists of 35 half‐period pole assemblies bolted to a mount. The required 0.837 T effective peak field at a 1.4 cm gap has been verified with model measurements. Vertical field integral correction is accomplished with the end structures, each having an arrangement of perman...


The present experimental study, carried out in the framework of ONERA-JAXA cooperation, deals with the ignition and hydrogen flame development in a supersonic air flow at Mach 2.5, with stagnation conditions of 0.6 MPa and 1620 K. Different types of struts for hydrogen injection (equivalence ratio of 0.45) have been investigated. Some (Alternating-Wedge struts) are specially designed to enhance fuel-air mixing by the creation of streamwise vortices. The principal aim of this study is to obtain information on the flow structures in the supersonic combusting mixing layer, and the location of ignition and combustion zones. Instantaneous maps of the OH radical by means of the OH-PLIF technique in two planes downstream of the strut injector and conventional observations of the flame by video camera have been obtained. These visualizations are completed by global measurements of the ignition delays and heat release by means of wall pressure measurements. The efficiency of the different strategies of fuel injections are then compared and discussed.