SummaryA rapid and one-step protocol for direct regeneration of shoots from cumin embryo explants has been developed. Embryo explants with shoot meristems were cultured on shoot regeneration medium for 15–22 d. After embryo culture, shoots were regenerated from the area adjacent to the region between the cotyledons and embryo axis within 2 wk, without any intermediate callus phase. Shoot proliferation and elongation were achieved on shoot regeneration medium without subculture. Among the different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) tested, 0.8 mgl−1 (4.3 μM) NAA in combination with 0.3 mgl−1 (1.71 μM) IAA in the B5 medium resulted in the most efficient direct shoot regeneration. No significant difference was detected for the number of regenerated explants when different heterogeneous endemic varieties were compared. This plant regeneration procedure was applicable to different cumin genotypes and regenerated plants were phenotypically normal.


This paper discusses the myocardial infarcts which caused the deaths of 5 White Carneau pigeons. The infarcts and the probable mechanism of their development are described, and the relation of these lesions to spontaneous atherosclerosis and other diseases affecting the breed are considered. by the attendants, usually within a 24-hour period. The subjects of this report came from the 47 birds which had died to date. The weights of the total body, heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, brain, testes, pancreas, thyroid and adrenals were recorded. Blood from the heart was cultured and a colonic fecal specimen was examined for parasites. The width and length of the thoracic aorta were measured, as well as the dimensions of atherosclerotic plaques, to allow computation of the atherosclerotic index, representing the percentage of the thoracic aortic surface covered by plaques. After fixation, the heart was examined in paraffin and frozen sections, the latter consisting of 5 sections, stained with Sudan IV, prepared from each of 3 consecutive 0.3 cm. blocks, beginning at the base. The number of arteries diseased, the total number of arteries appearing in the sections, and the degree of luminal occlusion were re- corded. The paraffin sections of the heart and those of aortic plaques were studied with hematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff-van Gieson and Prussian blue stains. The various components of the plaque, such as fat and ulceration, were then graded subjectively. A group of go adult White Carneaux aged I to I2 years, sacrificed by etherization, served as source material for compilation of mean weights of organs and of standard deviations and standard errors for these means. Comparisons cited later in this article refer to these values. In general, the values derived from our study were com- parable to those found by Riddle,8 whose birds were sacrificed by exsanguination.


This paper presents a new approach to reinforcement learning (RL) to solve a non-linear control problem eÆciently in which state and action spaces are continuous. In real-world applications, an approach combining discrete RL methods with linear controllers is promising since there are many non-linear control problems that can be decomposed into several local linear-control tasks. We provide a hierarchical RL algorithm composed of local linear controllers and Q-learning, which are both very simple. The continuous stateaction space is discretized into an array of coarse boxes, and each box has its own local linear controller as an abstract action. The higher-level of the hierarchy is a conventional discrete RL algorithm that chooses the abstract actions. Each linear controller improves the local control policy by using an actor-critic method. The coarse state-space discretization is a quite simple way to cope with the curse of dimensionality, but often gives rise to non-Markovian e ects. In our approach, the local linear controllers make up for these undesirable e ects. The algorithm was applied to a simulation of a cartpole swing-up problem, and feasible solutions are found in less time than those of conventional discrete RL methods.


Priming mice with a protein (bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin) prepared them for a markedly enhanced anti-hapten response to the conjugate of a hapten NIP (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenacetyl) and the protein. The enhancing effect of this preimmunization was carrier-specific and dependent on the priming dose of the carrier. Thus, on day 6, anti-NIP titers were 6 to 240 times (p<0.01-<0.001) higher in groups primed with 0.01 to 10 mg of BSA and challenged with NIP-BSA than in groups not primed with the carrier. The optimum dose (0.1 to 1 mg) of BSA for an enhanced anti-NIP response also resulted in the highest secondary anti-BSA titers. The enhancing effect of the carrier priming was observed only at the beginning of the anti-NIP response. Corresponding findings were obtained when ovalbumin was used for preimmunization and as the carrier in the challenge. This dose-response relationship in mice was different from that found earlier in chickens. Small doses of carrier induced optimal priming in chickens. Priming with higher doses which induced high titers of anti-carrier antibody had a suppressive effect on the anti-hapten response in these birds.


A bilayered TiO2/CuO photoelectrode was fabricated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide FTO substrate by spin-coating and pulsed laser deposition methods. The prepared bilayered system was assessed as a photoelectrode for solar water splitting. The fabricated TiO2/CuO photoelectrode exhibited a higher photocurrent density (0.022mA/cm2 at 1.23V vs. RHE) compared to bare TiO2 photoelectrode (0.013mA/cm2 at 1.23V vs. RHE). This photocurrent density enhancement was attributed to the improved charge separation combined with the improved sunlight harvesting efficiency of a bilayered structure.


The migratory agriculture (MA) as a direct driver in the dynamics of land use (LU) and land use change (LUC) in the Colombian Andean is evaluated by the spatial and temporal analysis of patterns of change Of cover crops during the periods 1989-1999 and 1999-2008; Where it was identified that the processes of deforestation and fragmentation have been generated by direct causes related to the dominant land uses (monkey potato crop, extensive pastureland) about coverage of natural origin (dense high Andean forest, low Paramo and natural wetland). The LU that presented the largest transformed area were: fragmented forest, pasture cover, potato cultivation, and extensive pasture (79%), low Paramo (78%) and dense Alto Andean forest (80,9%). These LU/LUCs had a direct relationship with spatial factors (elevation, slope, soil fertility, temperature and precipitation), which influenced the dynamics of change or permanence. It was also identified that driving forces such as: public development policies, intensive agriculture, infrastructure improvement, peasant organization, institutional support and armed conflict have streamlined the processes of modification and conversion in the territory mainly those associated with traditional and migratory agriculture; The latter becoming the direct driver of LUC in high Andean ecosystems.


The individual components of an integrated circuit (IC) are extremely small and its production demands precision at an atomic level. ICs are made by creating circuit structures on a wafer made out of very pure semiconducting material, typically silicon, and interconnecting the structures using wires. In order to produce high density IC, the wafer surface must be extremely clean and the circuit layers fabricated on the previous wafer should be aligned. If these conditions are not satisfied, the high density structure may collapse.To prevent this from happening, the wafers must be constantly cleaned to avoid contamination, and to remove the left-over of the previous process steps. Then, automatic defect classification (ADC) is used to identify and classify wafer surface defects using scanning electron microscope images. However, the classification performance of current ADC systems is poor. If the defects could be classified correctly, then the root of the fabrication problem can be recognized and eventually resolved.Machine learning techniques have been widely accepted and are well suited for such classification problems. In this paper, we propose double feature extraction method based on convolution neural network. The proposed model uses the Radon transform for the first feature extraction, and then input this feature into the convolution layer for the second feature extraction. Experiments with real-world data set verified that the proposed method achieves high defect classification performance, defect pattern recognition accuracy up to 98.5%, and we confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed feature extraction technique.


Information asymmetry of market brings undesired outcomes such as little participation of investors, high trade costs, weak markets, and low trade profits. Regarding to the importance of information asymmetry concept, the goal of this research is study of relationship between ownership concentration and information asymmetry in companies accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. A sample of 74 companies, members of Tehran Stock Exchange, was selected for a 5 year period (2005-2009). Linear regression model with confidence level of 95% and software Excel and SPSS were used to test the research assumption. The results show that there a direct (positive) relationship between ownership concentration level with information asymmetry. In companies with concentrated ownership structure, great stockholders access hidden and private information of companies. The cause the parties of stock trading, increase difference of buy and sell proposed price in order to decrease risk of incorrect selection.


Managing Editor's Letter Welcome to the first issue of Opolis: An International Journal of Suburban and Metropolitan Studies. For too long, suburbs have been as marginal in the academic world as they are in the geographical sprawl of metropolitan areas. They have been a subset of urban studies at a time when the dynamism of urban areas around the world has been at the edge and many of the problems we think of as urban are, in fact, the problems of older, inner-ring suburbs. The political, economic, social, and environmental issues that confront suburbs today are the focus of this journal. They are also the focus of the Edward J. Blakely Center for Sustainable Suburban Development at the University of California, Riverside, the publisher of the journal and the first academic institute completely centered on suburban issues. Located in Riverside and San Bernardino counties, east of Los Angeles, the center's back yard is one of the fastest growing suburban areas in the world. Its struggles with transportation, air quality, density, resources, the environment, financing, social stability, and the myriad other issues that local jurisdictions confront provide an unrivalled laboratory for suburban issues. As an international journal, Opolis will seek to touch on these issues worldwide, and we hope to find contributors and subscribers internationally. While the journal will be on the web at http://repositories.cdlib.org/cssd/opolis/, you also may wish to subscribe. Please contact the Center for Sustainable Suburban Development. Shayna Conaway at firstname.lastname@example.com, (909) 827-7830 B101 Highlander Hall, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA 92521 Subscribers in Asia, please contact Rebecca Mann, University of Sydney, Faculty of Architecture, Wilkinson Building, G04, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia. Her phone number is 612 9351-3975, and her email is firstname.lastname@example.com. Whether you subscribe or read on the web, I think you will find Opolis a provocative source of data and ideas. Please feel free to offer any comments you might have. We'll be looking to improve the journal with each issue. Thanks, Andy McCue Managing Editor, Opolis Managing Director, Edward J. Blakely Center for Sustainable Suburban Development http://cssd.ucr.edu email@example.com


diagnosis. The efficacy of initial treatment with 50 mg ofdiphenhydramine given intravenously followed by the discontinuation of the dopamine-blocking agent concurs with a previous report describing the use of diphenhydramine as effective.5 When the half-life of the dopamine blocker is greater than that of either benztropine mesylate or diphenhydramine, it is advisable not only to discontinue the agent but also to continue with prophylactic coverage during the next 24 hours. We posit that the sedating effects of diphenhydramine may be of additional benefit in a patient who has suffered a near-catastrophic event.


On March 2nd 2000, a female patient age 47 years, originally had crown & bridges on region 22,,23,24,25,26, region 33,34,35,36,37, region 44,45,46,47. And region 13,14,15,16. She had suffered her abutments teeth as anchorages which initially healthy, then became caries, offtently swelling, pain, halitosis and finally several of its had pulled out. Formerly she asked removable denture on her edentulous ridges, then I had made her Valplast Denture. But the denture still felt uncomfortable and seldom be used. After suggesting the other alternative to use implant denture, on region 35,37 with ITI Straumann to make crown and bridge inplant denture with dummy 36, patient felt satisfied. Then patient asked another crown and bridges which had problems to be pulled out too. Finally on 5 th February 2008 she had already completely installed combination implant denture ITI Straumann and Biohorizon although it takes along time periode, but now she feels satisfy, because she has fixed denture without sacrifice another healthy teeth as anchorages. DOI:  10.14693/jdi.v15i1.89


SUMMARY - Molecular characterization of Alpine and Northern European populations of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) by means of nuclear and mitochondrial markers - The Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, is a Holarctic Salmonid species adapted to cold-water habitats and whose either anadromous or sedentary populations are characterized by an extremely variable morphology. The presence of S. alpinus in Southern Europe is deemed as a relict of the Pleistocenic glaciations which strongly influenced both the distribution and the genetic variability of the species, due to repeated isolation and bottleneck events. Previous genetic studies revealed a very low mitochondrial diversity in contrast with the high genetic variability highlighted by microsatellites both within and between populations. In this study, mtDNA control region sequences and AFLP polymorphisms were characterized in 537 specimens from 35 Alpine and five Scandinavian populations. The control region data were aligned with GenBank sequences to build a Median-joining network. The results of AFLP analyses were evaluated by Factorial Correspondence Analysis (individual level) and by Multi-Dimensional-Scaling (population level), while hidden genetic structures were investigated by a Bayesian clustering approach. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that individuals and populations mostly clustered according to the geographic origin. Furthermore, some populations displayed low levels of genetic polymorphism which is probably due either to past demographic fluctuations or to a strong impact of anthropic activities in the recent decades. RIASSUNTO - Caratterizzazione molecolare di popolazioni di Salmerino alpino Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) delle Alpi e dell'Europa settentrionale tramite analisi con marcatori nucleari e mitocondriali - Il salmerino alpino, Salvelinus alpinus, e un Salmonide oloartico adattato ad ambienti di acque fredde e presenta popolazioni, sia anadrome sia stanziali, caratterizzate da estrema variabilita morfologica. La presenza di S. alpinus nell'Europa meridionale viene fatta risalire agli effetti delle glaciazioni pleistoceniche che hanno influenzato fortemen te la distribuzione geografica e la variabilita genetica della specie attraverso ripetuti eventi di isolamento e "colli di bottiglia". Precedenti indagini genetiche hanno rivelato una variabilita mitocondriale ridotta, in contrasto con l'elevata diversita genetica evidenziata con marcatori microsatellite. In questo studio, 537 esemplari provenienti da 35 popolazioni alpine e cinque scandinave sono stati caratterizzati tramite sequenziamento della regione di controllo mitocondriale e marcatori AFLP. L'allineamento delle sequenze mitocondriali con dati da GenBank ha permesso la costruzione di un Median-joining Network. I dati AFLP sono stati analizzati tramite Analisi Fattoriale delle Corrispondenze (livello di individuo) e Multi-Dimensional-Scaling (livello di popolazione), mentre la struttura genetica dei campioni raccolti e stata studiata tramite un approccio bayesiano di clustering. Le analisi di statistica multivariata hanno mostrato come individui e popolazioni tendano a formare gruppi in accordo con la provenienza geografica; in alcune popolazioni, inoltre, e stato riscontrato un ridotto polimorfismo genetico probabilmente causato da passate fluttuazioni demografiche o dall'effetto delle attivita antropiche.


The effects in connection with the addition of small quantities of aminoacid and oligopeptide pools to balanced diets were studied on 36 male piglets, divided into three groups (1: control; 2: aminoacid pool; 3: aminoacid and oligopeptide pool). Piglets receiving the aminoacid pool (group 2) exhibited better performances: an increased weight gain resulting in higher feed efficiency and an increased overall microbial count with a predominance of the useful population.


The present invention, the vacuum cleaner main body, is provided with a handle, a suction unit for suction of the surrounding impurities, the cleaner body and the suction swelling at least connections, provided the foreign substances in the air pipe, the main body lower portion leading to the main body the via the drive unit on the basis of the rotation of the driving wheel detected by a driving wheel, a driver for driving the drive wheels by the operation of the drive motor, the wheel sensor and the wheel sensors for sensing the rotation of the drive wheel It provides an autonomous vacuum cleaner moves to a control unit for controlling the movement of the cleaner body.


We experimentally tested the effectiveness of continuous fermentation, baking and cooling confectionery products in parokonvektomate in the field of ultrasound and without it. If this were confirmed by theoretical positions on the intensification of the process of production of bakery wares with the improvement of their quality. Processing of experimental data has shown that the proposed process for the continuous production of confectionary products in one device using ultrasound reduces the 1.6 times work and 1.25 times the electricity consumption. However, the performance of the steamer is increased by 20-30%. Carrying out heat treatment products in previously imposed program excludes the influence of human factor on the quality of dough and ready-made products. Organoleptic characteristics such as increased porosity and ultra-smooth surface solid baking is possible only under the influence of ultrasonic mechanical vibration. In order to maintain the same conditions of the experiment, the temperature in the steamer Chamber did not differ when removing process with ultrasound and without it, but the temperature in the crumb products in the first instance always reached earlier, like baking. And only during the cooling process, the impact of ultrasound products is minimal due to forced convection fan. Tests have shown the need to reduce baking temperature by 25-30°C because of the increased color surface crusting and possible release reduction baking.


Lipids were extracted from roasted pistachio nut particles by supercritical CO 2 (SC-CO 2 ) in an incomplete design at pressures of 20.7, 27.6, and 34.5 MPa and temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C with ethanol (0, 5, and 10 wt%) as entrainer. Highest experimental extraction yield of 66% was obtained at 34.5 MPa and 60°C with 10 wt% ethanol. Data was analyzed by Response Surface Methodology. Temperature did not affect the extraction yield. Extraction yield increased linearly with pressure, while ethanol concentration had a curvilinear effect. The following equation adequately represented the experimental data (r 2 = 0.94): % Yield = 52.14 + 9.707 x P + 21.164 x EtOH - 11.049 x EtOH 2 , The solubility of pistachio oil in SC-CO 2 at 34.5 MPa and 60°C was 5 times higher in case of 10 wt% ethanol (1.29 wt%) compared to CO 2 alone (0.27 wt%). Difference between extracted and control pistachios in terms of texture was detected by puncture and compression tests as well as by sensory evaluation. Sensory evaluation showed a reduction in roasted pistachio flavor intensity following SC-CO 2 extraction.


An awareness campaign on menstrual health and hygiene aims to use sanitary pads. The use of un-hygiene products leads to various infections and even a risk of contracting cervical cancer. However, the increase in sanitary pads has moved the focus from menstrual hygiene to environmental pollution due to plastic in making the sanitary pads. There are sustainable alternatives like reusable cloth pads, menstrual cups, period underwear, etc. This study aims to identify factors hindering women of the urban Indian community from switching to these sustainable sanitary alternatives recommended by healthcare specialists and proven safe. The study was conducted among women aged between 15 and 55 years in urban Bengaluru. The questionnaire was circulated online due to the pandemic, and 240 responses were obtained. It was interesting to note that majority were aware of sustainable sanitary products. The significant factors that affect the purchase intentions of women in urban Bengaluru are awareness of product varieties, environmental concern, parental pressure, peer pressure, and product features major segments were identified, the financially dependent and the financially independent women. The financially dependent women had issues gaining approval from their family members. In contrast, the financially independent women had fears about the product features and were ssceptical about using sustainable sanitary products. This research contributes to product companies understanding their customers and adding value to their lives by creating a healthier and more sustainable environment.


The paper deals with the problem of Australian and New Zealand slang, its ethno specific features and functioning in modern communicative space. Australian slang can be characterized as one of racial type. There is a tendency for its items to nominate phenomena of antisocial nature. Various features of New Zealand communicative space are analyzed, the most essential among them are the following: a special form (reduced) of rhyming slang, influence of agricultural industry on word-building, Maori borrowings and their assimilation in general slang.


The temporal interface microstructures and diffusions in the diffusion couples with the mutual interactions of the temperature gradient, concentration difference and initial aging time of the alloys are studied by phase-field simulation, and the diffusion couples are produced by the initial aged spinodal alloys with different compositions. Temporal composition evolution and volume fraction of the separated phase indicate the element diffusion direction through the interface under the temperature gradient. The increased temperature gradient induces a wide single-phase region on two sides of the interface. The uphill diffusion proceeds through the interface, no matter whether the diffusion direction is up or down with respect to the temperature gradient. For an alloy with short initial aging time, phase transformation accompanying the interdiffusion results in the straight interface with the single-phase regions on both sides. Compared with the temperature gradient, composition difference of diffusion couple and initial aging time of the alloy show greater effects on diffusion and interface microstructure.


Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
This research paper determines how service supply chains can create value with big data, by building cross-departmental processes. Based on the study's results, the critical alignment capabilities for successful big data value creation are: IT-process alignment; IT-performance alignment; performance-process alignment; human-IT alignment; and human-process alignment. Additionally, overarching and underlying strategic and organizational alignment capabilities also impacted this value creation. The human impact on employees of big data-led process creation shouldn't be underestimated.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


The invention provides a device applied to external construction of a box chamber of a box beam. The device comprises a traveling system, a bottom plate system and a hanging system, wherein a working frame system is arranged on the bottom plate system; the traveling system comprises two traveling beams arranged at the top of the box beam side by side and two top cross beams; the two top cross beams cross over the two traveling beams and are parallel to each other; an inverted chain steel wire rope is arranged on each top cross beam; sleeper beams are arranged between the traveling beams and a box beam top plate; the bottom plate system comprises a bottom cross beam arranged at the bottom of the box beam and longitudinal distribution beams crossing over the bottom cross beam; the hanging system comprises connection parts used for connecting the top cross beams with the bottom cross beam and a connection system arranged between the two top cross beams; the working frame system comprises steel plates paved on the longitudinal distribution beams and scaffolds corresponding to two sides of the box beam. Through organic combination of the traveling system, a lifting frame system, the hanging system, the bottom plate system and the working frame system, the construction is implemented; the working environment of operators is improved; the personal safety of constructors is ensured.


In this paper, an emergency control strategy of ultra-low frequency oscillations (ULFO) is presented. The multi-signal Prony algorithm is used to identify frequency signals from WAMS. Then the criterion of ULFO is proposed based on the Prony analysis results. After that, the control strategy considering both switching control modes of governor and taking out of the primary frequency modulation is applied to damp the ULFOs. At last, the process of the emergency control strategy is proposed. Applications in regional power system in Sichuan Power Grid and Southwest Power Grid of China verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed strategy.


From the proportional odds (PO) model, we obtain general equations to compute multiple cut scores on a test score. This analytical procedure is based on the relationship between a test score (X) and an ordinal outcome variable (Y) with more than two categories. Cut scores are established at the test scores corresponding to the intersection of adjacent category distributions. The application of this procedure is illustrated by an example with data from an actual study on eating disorders (EDs). In this example, two cut scores on the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) are established in order to differentiate between three ordered categories: (1) asymptomatic, (2) symptomatic, and (3) eating disorder. Diagnoses were made from the responses to a self-report (Q-EDD) that operationalizes DSM-IV criteria for EDs. Alternatives to the PO model, when the PO assumption is rejected, are discussed.


The N-doped cobalt-based (Co) bifunctional single atom catalyst (SAC) has emerged as one of the most promising candidates to substitute noble metal-based catalysts for highly efficient bifunctionality. Herein, a facile silica xerogel strategy is elaborately designed to synthesize uniformly dispersed and dense Co-Nx active sites on N-doped highly porous carbon networks (Co-N-C SAC) using economic biomass materials. This strategy promotes the generation of massive mesopores and micropores for substantially improving the formation of Co-Nx moieties and unique network architecture. The Co-N-C SAC electrocatalysts exhibit an excellent bifunctional activity with a potential gap (ΔE) of 0.81 V in alkaline medias, outperforming those of the most highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts. On top of that, Co-N-C SAC also possesses outstanding performance in ZABs with superior power density/specific capacity. This proposed synthetic method will provide a new inspiration for fabricating various high-content SACs for varied applications.


Mr. Bienaymé obtains the floor in order to expose some considerations on the theory of judgments and of witnesses. One knows, says he, that in 1835, when from the discussion which took place in the Chambers on the law of the jury, some orators endorsed a formula of Laplace, inserted into a supplement in the Théorie analytique des Probabilités, whence it appeared to be evident that the condemnations at 7 against 5 entailed necessarily in some way some mistakes in very considerable number. This formula appears to contain two sorts of errors, the one, that the author of the Théorie des Probabilités had not perceived at all, and that has not been revealed since to him; the other, that he was not at all ignorant, and that he has signaled by remarking how his formula was a simple indication of good sense in the absence of all data. The first of these errors consists in attributing one same value to the probability that a witness says the truth when he affirms a fact, and the probability that he says the truth when he denies a fact of the same nature: or else to the probability that a judge not be deceived when one submits to him a condemnable accused, and when it is *** an acquitable accused who he is called to pronounce. With a little attention, one recognized without difficulty that if the possibility of the truth is v for example when a given number is exited from the urn, and the possibility of the lie or of the mistake 1− v, there is place to conclude that the possibility of the truth is equally v, and the contrary possibility 1−v, when it is the number in question which is not exited at all. It is able effectively to be encountered any cause which prevents being deceived when the number arrive, and which produces the opposed effect when it not arrive. Likewise, for the jury which goes to pronounce a condemnation, there exists a entirely special precaution before being decided to put the fatal yes on its bulletin, while this precaution has no place when the concern is to write no. There is little risk to acquit. There results from it that the probability that a jury is deceived when one presents to it a condemnation, is totally different from its probability of being deceived when one presents to it an acquital.


Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to be a challenge for today's therapeutics, with a meager 5-year survival rate of 11%. Due to the pancreas' location, patients often receive diagnosis late, leaving them with limited treatment options. Often, they fail to respond to chemotherapy regimens or develop resistance to those therapies. Tumor-promoting inflammation is a hallmark of cancer that contributes to tumor cells' survival and proliferation. Infiltrating leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines released into the tumor microenvironment (TME) often cause this inflammation. Previously we have determined that inflammation and CXCR2 ligand expression increases with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. In the present study, we examined the role of neutrophil recruitment in PDAC progression using Kras-dependent KC and KPC murine models. Our data suggest a positive association between tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and PDAC progression. Furthermore, the frequency of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) also increased as the disease progressed. In vitro, we observed PDAC cell condition-media enhanced survival of neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, increased survival was associated with disease aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Additionally, we observed that PDAC-conditioned media modulated the expression of immunoregulatory cytokines and chemokines in neutrophils. Together, our data suggest that increased recruitment of TANs supports PDAC progression, and PDAC cell-neutrophil interaction modulates neutrophil survival and immunoregulatory phenotype.
 Citation Format: Reegan Sturgeon, Paran Goel, Caitlin Molczyk, Surindar K. Batra, Rakesh Singh. Neutrophil pro-tumorigenic role in progression and therapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1348.


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We present a model and system for the cost-value evaluation of teleteaching systems. Basically, the model considers the total costs of a teleteaching systems and, additionally, different levels of benefits. The benefits are classified as either objective, e.g., transmitted audio and video quality, or subjective, e.g., personal feelings. Two cost-value ratios are computed by, first, combining the total costs and the objective benefits and, second, by combining this result with the subjective benefits value. The smaller the cost-value ratio the better is the system. The model is implemented by a number of EXCEL®-worksheets.


Following a brief review of OLED structures and emission models, we have proposed a phase holographic method to modify both sides of the substrate of an OLED to increase its output light emission efficiency. The holograms are designed with special masks simulating the emission layer of the OLED. A single source macroscopic phase holographic experiment is used to illustrate the idea. Limitations on diffraction efficiency due to the dynamic density and position variations of the excitons and near-field subwavelength wave propagation phenomena in a real OLED device have been discussed.


Base station antennas with cross-polarized antenna branches are commonly used in mobile communication systems. It is known that the use of vertically and horizontally polarized base station antennas results in unbalance between received powers in mobile station, while the channels corresponding to /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/ slanted, linearly polarized antennas are correlated. In this paper, we calculate the power unbalance and correlation between the channels in terms of channel cross-polarization and base station antenna properties. Furthermore, link level performance of transmit diversity techniques, suitable to GSM/EDGE radio access network, is simulated.


Abstract We present a method for numerical simulation of the two-phase water flooding problem on general polyhedral grids not aligned with permeability tensor K (K-nonorthogonal grids) and dynamic octree grids adapted to the front between the phases. The discretization is based on the cell-centered monotone finite volume (FV) method with the nonlinear two-point flux approximation (TPFA) applicable to general K-non-orthogonal polyhedral grids. We use fully implicit discretization in time to avoid the restriction on the time step caused by the minimal mesh size. In our numerical experiments we demonstrate the superiority of the nonlinear TPFA on a K-non-orthogonal grid over linear TPFA and considerable speed-up of the simulation on a dynamically adapted octree grid with minimal loss in accuracy compared to the simulation on a fine regular grid.


With the continuous development of the market economy and the intensification of commodity circulation, the logistics industry plays an increasingly important role in the development of the national economy. Although China's entrepreneurial education in the past ten years has achieved certain results, the current situation of college students' entrepreneurship is still not satisfactory. Although in recent years, there are more logistics graduate students in various higher vocational colleges, it is still difficult to meet the logistics enterprises' demand for logistics talents. We Can combine entrepreneurship education with higher vocational education. Uniting "employment education" with "entrepreneurial education", "employment skills" and "entrepreneurial skills" can better cope with the new challenges facing higher vocational education. Based on this, this paper establishes the evaluation index system of logistics talents quality in Higher Vocational colleges, and on this basis, uses the analytic hierarchy process to evaluate logistics talents in Higher Vocational colleges. Through the evaluation of logistics talents in Higher Vocational colleges, we can find the existing problems of logistics talents in Higher Vocational colleges, which has certain guiding significance for improving the quality of logistics talents in Higher Vocational colleges.


This paper includes the initial stages of the products development process more specifically the stage known as Informational Design considered to be fundamental to the success of a new product on the market. The complicating factor is that during this development stage, the different specifications and attributes of the product are defined by dealing with a multitude of choice's criteria, based on customer needs. Thus, this research aims to propose a new structure of the Informational Design stage, adapting it to the methods and tools offered by the methodologies of the decision dealing with multiple criteria problems in order to contribute to improving the practice of project in its initial stages. With this objective, it has developed a multicriteria model along the lines of Reference Unified Model by Rozenfeld et al (2006), to propose methods, tools and supporting documentation appropriate to the achievement of each activity. Improvements and the values that the practical application of the multicriteria model adds to the Product Development Process were discussed through a case for a commercial product project, whose development had the participation of this paper's author.


VLT/UVES observations of the quasar SDSS J024221.87+004912.6 have been analyzed. Four absorption outflow systems are identified: a C IV BAL at v ≈ − 18 , 000 km s − 1 , and three narrower low-ionization systems with centroid velocities ranging from –1200 to –3500 km s − 1 . Two of the systems are energetic enough to contribute to AGN feedback, with one system reaching above 5% of the quasar's Eddington luminosity. This system is also at a distance of 67 kpc away from the quasar, the farthest detected mini-BAL absorption outflow from its central source to date.


Abstract : A new design of a sealed rotating anode X-ray tube has been developed which has an X-ray emission power that is a factor of 1.4, 1.6, and 2.0 greater than present-day X-ray tubes operating respectively at 50, 150, and 300 kilovolts with the same target heat load. These power factors are predicted by extensive Monte Carlo calculations relating to electron diffusion and X-ray production in a tungsten target. The tube design incorporates a state-of-the-art metal-ceramic structure which is air cooled and which has many important advantages over present-day rotating anode tubes.


A small rail (10) for flexibly supporting a travelling screen (9) has a head rail (11), which extends perpendicular to the direction of motion of the screen and is rigidly connected to a mobile supporting rail (12), and a stationary guide rail (13) on which the supporting rail (12) abuts through a flexible pressure tube (14). The mobile supporting rail (12) is guided slidingly on the guide rail (13). In addition, a source (15) of energy supplying a restoring force which opposes the flexible pressure tube (14), preferably in the form of two further pressure tubes (15), is provided.


Under the influence of COVID-19, various studies have shown that the most important transmission of the epidemic is droplet infection, it is the most effective way to control the epidemic by wearing a mask in a safe range. To confirm the situation of masks-wearing in public, a useful way is to use image-recognition technology to detect the people in the field. On the other hand, with the continued development of wearable devices, smart glasses have been widely used in many files such as handicapped person support. Based on the previous researches, it is already possible to incorporate facial recognition technology into smart glasses. Especially, the application of Augmented Reality (AR) technology on smart glasses can provide users with a lot of additional information, for example, to highlight the targets who been identified. Therefore, to identify the people who are not wearing masks more effectively, in this paper we try to design and wearable mask recognition & warning system by using the AR smart glasses. The system can supply the warning messages about the person without masks in both visual and auditory way to the user to support the users including the handicapped persons who not being able to hear or see. The results of this study may provide guidelines to develop the epidemic prevention system and offers useful insights for the supporting of handicapped persons.


Industrial Process Tomography possesses unique advantages in biphasic medium measurement and has received broad attention in the past decades. Aiming at the widely existed low contrast biphasic medium, this paper proposed a nonlinear Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (UTT). Approach using continuous wave excitation. Considering the refraction effect at the biphasic interface, the reconstruction method with nonlinear forward problem and the improved Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (SART) is proposed with high reconstruction accuracy and reconstruction speed. The performance of the reconstruction is quantitatively compared with the state-of-art reconstruction algorithms, where the proposed method can reconstruct inclusions with their number, size and position clearly identified. Quantitatively, the average Relative Error (RE) is 0.4835 using the proposed method, which is reduced by 49.34% and 40.57% compared with FBP and SART separately. Under parallel computation, the computing time of the proposed method reduced 16.56 times compared with the existing bent-ray tracing method. The proposed image reconstruction algorithm is proved to be an effective and improved approach to the liquid-liquid two-phase flow ultrasonic tomography.


Although teaching self-efficacy is associated with many benefits for teachers and students, little is known about how teachers develop a sense of efficacy in the early years of their careers. Drawing on survey (N = 179) and interview (N = 10) data, this study investigates the sources of self-efficacy in a national sample of teachers who participated in the Noyce program. All teachers completed an online survey that included both the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Instrument and open-ended items prompting them to reflect on the sources of their self-efficacy. Ten teachers participated in semi-structured follow-up interviews. Enactive mastery experiences were the most common source of self-efficacy identified by teachers, followed by social persuasions and vicarious experiences. Physiological and affective states were identified infrequently and more often related to negative experiences that lowered self-efficacy than to positive experiences. Beginning teachers identified more negative enactive experiences than either Novice (2–3 years experiences) or Career teachers. In interviews, teachers described how the sources combined or interacted to influence their self-efficacy. Findings contribute to better understandings of the sources of self-efficacy with implications for how best to support teachers at different stages of their careers.


Objective
To review the results of inter-laboratory comparisons in Shanghai glycohemoglobin harmonization program from 2010 to 2018, and to analyze the evolution of quality levels of HbA1c determination, so as to provide the reference for improving the HbA1c determination quality in China.

Methods
Retrospective analysis. The comparison data of Shanghai Glycohemoglobin Harmonization Program from 2010 to 2018 was collected. And the change trend was analyzed about hospital and determination method distribution. The judgment criteria, quarterly and annual pass rate, bias and coefficient of variation of the results of the inter-laboratory comparison were analyzed retrospectively, and the results were compared with the results of External Quality Assessment Programme carried out by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratories and College of American Pathologists (CAP). The data in the first quarter of 2019 was collected and the imprecision, bias and sigma were calculated, which were drew in the evaluation model of sigma combined with biomedical variation parameters.

Results
The number of participating laboratories increased from 9 in Shanghai to 192 in the whole country, with an average annual growth rate of 76.6%. The quarterly comparison criteria improved from ±8% to ±6% and the passing rate of participating laboratories increased from 39.1% to nearly 90%. The maximum CV of each instrument among laboratories decreased from 14.3% to 4.8%. In the first quarter of 2019, nearly 60% of the laboratories met 6σcriteria and more than 95% of the laboratories met the "standard criteria" in the model of biological variation parameters.

Conclusion
Shanghai Glycohemoglobin harmonization program has improved the harmonization of HbA1c test results among the participating laboratories.

Key words:
Diabetes mellitus; Glycated hemoglobin A; Reproducibility of results


Under the environment of supply chain management of enterprise,the complex and changeable market environment,the information of source sex,polymorphism and uncertainty are faced,these make production plan complex and difficult.Based on global supply chain for the research background,this paper analyzes the production plan under the environment of supply chain information uncertainty of the major sources from different perspectives,the supply chain information uncertainty on the influence of the production plan,and points out how to through the information sharing mechanism and weakening information uncertainty improve production plan dynamic response of sex method.


Object: Prediction of the COVID-19 epidemic represents a matter of concern not
only for public health or medicine but also for Earth's general population. This
study predicts outbreaks in Wuhan and in Japan as of 11 February, 2020.Method: We applied a simple SIR model to data published by Hubei public health
authorities. Moreover, into the model, we incorporate mild and asymptomatic
cases from experiences of Japanese residents of Wuhan up to the outbreak.
Finally, we predict an outbreak in Japan based on 10,000 iterations of a
simulation conducted under the assumption of infected people including mild
cases visiting Japan according to the estimated distribution of patients in
Wuhan since the date on which the initial case occurred to the date when travel
from Wuhan to Japan was suspended. Results: Results suggest the basic reproduction number, R0, as 2.84; its 95% confidence interval (CI) was [2.35,
3.33]. The peak is estimated to be reached on March 11. Its 95% CI peak date is
29 February to 27 March. The 95% CI peak date in Japan is 26 April to 2 May. The greatest number of patients at the peak with
severe symptoms was estimated as 858.3 thousand. Discussion
and Conclusion: Our obtained R0 of 2.84 approximates an earlier
estimate. We predicted the greatest number of patients at the peak with severe
symptoms as 858.3 thousand in Japan. This number is 63% greater than the
highest daily peak of influenza.


Based on mode selective monitoring of the transport of guided ultrasonic waves with high temporal resolution achieved by correlation techniques, a helicopter tail boom section, manufactured from aluminum, has been monitored concerning structural health and load including monitoring under shaker driven conditions. The characteristic sensitivities of the developed health and load monitoring schemes are presented together with methods suitable for the compensation of the influence of temperature variations during monitoring. Concerning the detection of loose joints, a novel monitoring scheme has been introduced capable to detect fluctuations in joints including riveted joints and connections by high-locks. The currently operated system is fully remote controlled and can be operated by internet. Concerning the rather compact size and power consumption, the developed instrumentation is already suitable for in-flight respectively for on-ground hand hold and battery powered operation. The observations, achievements, and results are presented, explained, and discussed.


In this paper, some new properties of $EQ$-algebras are investigated. We introduce and study the notion of Boolean center of lattice ordered $EQ$-algebras with bottom element. We show that in a good $ell EQ$-algebra $E$ with bottom element the complement of an element is unique. Furthermore, Boolean elements of a good bounded lattice $EQ$-algebra are characterized. Finally, we obtain conditions under which Boolean center of an $EQ$-algebra $E$ is the subalgebra of $E$.


We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of two luminous blue variable (LBV) stars in two extremely metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies, DDO 68 with 12 + log (O/H) = 7.15 and PHL 293B with 12 + log (O/H) = 7.72. These two BCDs are the lowest-metallicity galaxies where LBV stars have been detected, allowing the study of the LBV phenomenon in the extremely low metallicity regime, and shedding light of the evolution of the first generation of massive stars born from primordial gas. We find that the strong outburst of the LBV star in DDO 68 occurred sometime between 2007 February and 2008 January. We have compared the properties of the broad-line emission in low-metallicity LBVs with those in higher-metallicity LBVs. We find that, for the LBV star in DDO 68, broad emission with a P Cygni profile is seen in both H and He i emission lines. On the other hand, for the LBV star in PHL 293B, P Cygni profiles are detected only in H lines. For both LBVs, no heavy element emission line such as Fe ii was detected. The Hα luminosities of LBV stars in both galaxies are comparable to the one obtained for the LBV star in NGC 2363 (Mrk 71), which has a higher metallicity 12 + log (O/H) = 7.89. On the other hand, the terminal velocities of the stellar winds in both low-metallicity LBVs are high, ∼800 km s−1, a factor of ∼4 higher than the terminal velocities of the winds in high-metallicity LBVs. This suggests that stellar winds at low metallicity are driven by a different mechanism than the high-metallicity winds.


Textile dye wastewater contains organic pollutants which are non-biodegradable, characterized by low BOD/COD ratio of typically < 0.01. Therefore to treat such wastewater, the destructive wastewater treatment methods which can be utilized are the Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). One of the AOPs method which is the UV/H2O2/Fe2+ (or UV/Fenton) offers not only relatively low cost but also quite effective (in terms of color removal and reaction time) treatment. This particular research aimed to optimize the conditions of UV/Fenton photo-oxidation process for Drimarene Dark Red containing textile- dye wastewater. The two main operating conditions to be optimized were the initial concentration of H2O2 ranged between 0.022-0.078 %-w and the mol ratio of Fe2+: H2O2 was varied from 1: 13 up to 1: 45, using the Central Composite Design experimental matrix. The photo-oxidation was carried out at the optimum pH of 3 from some previous experiments. The best processing conditions of the photo-oxidation of Drimarene Dark Red (DDR) were found at the initial concentration of H2O2 at 0.050%-w and the mole ratio Fe2+: H2O2 of 1: 22. Under these conditions, the measured 2nd order pseudo-rate constantwas 0.021 M-1.min-1. The DDR color removal of 90% was surprisingly achievable within only 10 minutes reaction time.


Provided is a lubricant composition for gasoline engines, which has excellent cleanliness and LSPI prevention performance. Specifically, provided is a lubricant composition for gasoline engines, which contains a base oil, a calcium-based detergent and a magnesium-based detergent and/or a sodium-based detergent. The content of the calcium-based detergent in terms of calcium atoms based on the total amount of the composition, and the mass ratio of the magnesium atoms (Mg) contained in the magnesium-based detergent and/or the sodium atoms contained in the sodium-based detergent to the calcium atoms (Ca), namely [(Mg and/or Na)/Ca], are within specific ranges.


The spreading codes of direct sequence spread spectrum signals are often periodic. From a segment of signal containing multiple periods, this periodicity can be detected and the period estimated. The approach taken is to bandlimit the signal (to introduce variation into the envelope), compute the envelope of the filtered signal (to remove the information), and compute the autocorrelation of the envelope. The autocorrelation function contains a peak at an offset equal to the period. The peak-to-noise ratio can be used to obtain an estimate of the input signal-to-noise ratio. Narrowband interference can corrupt the process, so it can be important to precede application of the technique by a pre-whitening filter. The technique applies even for "featureless" signals, in which measures have been taken to suppress rate lines in the outputs of quadratic or higher-order chip rate detectors.


Abstract.
 This paper reviews five species of Limbobotys Munroe et Mutuura that occur in the Oriental Region. One species, L. acanthi sp. nov., is described as new. Diagnoses are provided for all previously described species. The adult and genitalia of the new species are figured, and a key to all the known species is provided.


In this study, a numerical investigation is performed to analyse the flow and heat transfer characteristic of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow past a semi-infinite stretching surface in the presence of Cattaneo – Christov heat flux and nonlinear thermal radiation. Appropriate transformations are employed to reduce the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Further, solutions of the ordinary differential equation are obtained with the aid of RungeKutta based shooting technique. The effect of various nondimensional governing parameters on velocity and temperature fields for suction and injection cases are discussed with the help of graphs. Also computed and discussed the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number. It is found that momentum and thermal boundary layers are non-uniform for suction and injection cases. It is also found that heat transfer performance of Casson fluid is high in injection case when compared with the suction case.


Introduction. Economic Development and Social Change The Classical View and the Moderns Part 1: Development Theory: Classical and Modern Perspectives 1. Half a Century of Development Theories: An Institutionalist Survey 2. Comparative Development and Institutional Change 3. Increasing Returns and the Division of Labour in the Theory of Economic Development 4. Endogenous Growth in a Stylised 'Classical' Model 5. Aspects of German Monetary and Development Economics and their Reception in Japan 6. The Notion of the Constant Wage Share in Income Distribution Theories Part 2: Economic Development and Social Change: Some Themes From Pre-Classical and Classical Thinking 7. Nicolas Du Tot and John Law 8. Genesis of Hume's Political Economy of 'Manners' 9. The French Debate on the Morality and the Political Economy of Luxury: From Boisguilbert to Quesnay 10. French Political Economy, Industrialism and Social Change (1815-1830) 11. Sloth and Greed: Mercantilist and Classical Views on Human Nature and Economic Development 12. The Two Paths of Economic Development in Adam Smith's Thought 13. Ricardo, Machinery, and Comparative Advantage


Our study examines the nature and development of microblogging in China. By adopting a Gramscian thesis of 'hegemony', we argue that the Chinese regime is facing a crisis of hegemony and the emergence of the microblogosphere has provided a platform for the war of position to establish counter-hegemony. The main features of microblogging in China are the emergence of opinion leaders, the close involvement of traditional media, and a more passive role of the state in the microblogosphere. The predominant liberal leaning of the microblogosphere has illustrated the emergence of counter-hegemony, where government connection is an instant negativity. The regime can exercise censorship but has lost ideational leadership.


Objective To investigate the value and the correlation of the measurement of C-reactive protein and biochemistry marker in the differentiation of the nature of hydrothora tic and ascitic fluid.Methods C-reactive protein and biochemistry of hydrothoratic and ascitic fluid were determined in 63 patients,the data were analyzed union clinical diagnosis.Results According to the Criteria used 38 patients were included in Exudate and 25 patients in Transudate.The levels of the CRP,the LDH,the TP,and the ADA were significantly higher in exudate group than in transudate group(P0.01).The levels of the GLU were lower in exudate group than in transudate group(P0.05).There was a correlation between CRP and LDH,GLU,TP,ADA.Conclusion The measurement of CRP,LDH,GLU,TP and ADA is helpful to identify the nature of hydrothoratic and ascitic fluid in the diagnosis.


Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling: Fourth Edition By RJ McKinlay Gardner, Grant R Sutherland, and Lisa G. Shaffer New York: OUP USA, 2011. 624 pp.

This book first appeared in 1989 and rapidly became an indispensible resource for genetic counselling students, medical geneticists and


Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is the scheme that will change the course of resource allocation strategy in the Fifth generation (5G) technology which is knocking at the door steps. Increase in data rate is need of the hour and different multiple access schemes are being used by the foregoing generations for providing resources to the users. Bandwidth saving can be the probable solution to increase the data rate and the Fourth generation (4G) employing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) with orthogonal subcarriers being given to different subscribers serve the proposal leading to enormous usage of applications involving very high data rates such as High definition video conferencing, online gaming etc. The need of further increase in data rates has led to development of more spectral efficient systems through which the scarce resource can be saved and thus will be utilized for increase in per unit spectrum leading to high capacity. This possibility can be fulfilled by allocating the same resource to multiple subscribers at the same time but with different power levels which rely on successive interference cancelation (SIC). This scheme is called NOMA which is very well suited for 5G. As the bandwidth is same for multiple users, the data rate offered by each user has to be well confined within the channel capacity. Outage results if the channel capacity is less than the data rate. This paper provides an overview of NOMA and the outage probabilities in both Uplink and Downlink scenarios.


BACKGROUND: Using mother's own expressed breast milk (EBM) has a positive impact in reducing serious neonatal morbidities and improving neurodevelopmental outcomes for very preterm infants. Mothers often struggle to maintain a supply of EBM during prolonged hospitalization. In small studies, domperidone, a potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonist that stimulates the release of prolactin, has been shown to enhance EBM production.
 OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine whether administration of domperidone, within the first 21 days after delivery, would lead to a higher proportion of mothers having a 50% increase in the volume of EBM at the end of 14 days of treatment. The secondary objectives were to determine if a 28 day compared to a 14 day treatment yielded a higher proportion of mothers with a 50% increase in EBM volumes; and 2) to determine if a later initiation of domperidone differed in obtaining a 50% increase in EBM volume.
 DESIGN/METHODS: EMPOWER was a multicenter, double masked, randomized controlled phase-II trial. Eligible mothers were randomized to one of two treatment arms: group A: domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 28 days; group B: identical placebo 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days followed by domperidone 10 mg orally three times daily for 14 days.
 RESULTS: A total of 90 mothers were randomized equally into the 2 arms; 82 were included in the analysis of the primary outcome. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups of mothers. There was a significant difference in the proportion of mothers who achieved a 50% increase in EBM volume at the end of the first 14 days of the study treatment: 77.8% in group A vs. 57.8% in group B [OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16, 0.98, p=0.04] However, there was no difference in the proportion of mothers who achieved a 50% increase in EBM volume on day 28: 68.9% in group A vs. 66.7% in group B [OR .90, 95% CI 0.37, 2.19].
 CONCLUSION: Introducing a galactogogue may be helpful in aiding mothers of preterm infants who present with an insufficient supply of EBM within the first 21 to 35 days after birth.


It is very fussy to validate the gearbox's gear axis, gear, clutch, key, etc, which makes many inconveniences to the validation of the gearbox. It is very necessary to induct computer aided in the gearbox's analysis. Our task team draws up computer aided validation system, and establishes the universal mathematic model which validates the gearbox as a whole and validates and analyzes the single accessory such as gear axis, gear, clutch, key and so on. After gearbox is adopted computer aided validating system, the design cycle becomes short, the designer's work strength is debased, the repeated calculation decreases, the design precision improves, the design quality is more reliable, and it provides a gist for the improvement of gearbox's parameter.


s are listed alphabetically by presenting authors in each section. f-1 Theoretical Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics .................. 7 f-2 Physics of Plasma and Ionized Media ........................................... 12 f-3 Physics of Condensed Matter and Material Research ........... 29 f-4 Biophysics, Chemical and Macromolecular Physics ............... 36 f-5 Physics of Surfaces and Interfaces ................................................. 43 f-6 Quantum Optics and Optoelectronics ........................................... 48 f-8 Atmospheric Physics, Meteorology and Climatology ............ 53 f-9 Particle and Nuclear Physics ............................................................. 56 f-11 Mathematical and Computer Modelling .................................... 58 f-12 Physics Education and General Problems of Physics .......... 59 f-13 Physics of Nanostructures ............................................................... 62


The paper demonstrates that China has undergone an increasingly severe transfer of regional taxes from the central and western areas to the coastal region between 1997 and 2006, and among the taxes transferred, the enterprise income tax claimed a lion's share. Such transfer of regional taxes resulted in an unfair distribution of tax revenue, failing to alleviate the gap between rich and poor. DOI: 10.4018/jabim.2012070102 10 International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management, 3(3), 9-18, July-September 2012 Copyright © 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. A case study by Jin (2007) illustrates that the deviation between tax revenue and tax source results from enterprise's consolidated tax payment, cross-area management, pricing of primary resource products and tax system design. Jin and Fu (2007) analyze the influence of the tax distribution when managing the consolidated tax payment after implementing the unified Enterprise Income Tax Law. They suggest the principle of tax contribution should be based on the tax contribution among all regions. Based on the case of the Suzhou city in Jiangsu Province, Jia, Yan, and Yan (2007) analyze how a headquarter-based economy worsens the regional tax competition by detailing the affiliated transactions of the enterprises located in the headquarters economy and the difficulties in tax regulation and comparing the preferential fiscal and tax policies in several central cities. Peng and Yin (2008) argue that tax transfer between regions has obvious influences on regional macro tax burden. They conducted an empirical analysis on the tax transfer of the four municipalities Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing during the years of 1999-2006 and reach a conclusion that tax revenue has flowed into Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin but out of Chongqing. However, the data of tax revenues they have used are confined to four cities, not sufficient to figure out the true size of the deviation. The foregoing provides a clear picture of regional tax transfer, but the dynamics of tax transfer has not been widely studied. This paper employs more statistical indices from different angles to estimate the deviation of tax revenues from tax sources in 31 provinces in China to give a more comprehensive understanding of tax transfer among the regions in China. The dataset refers to the eastern, central and western regions in China from 1997-2006, with the exception of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. 2. ANALYSIS OF DEVIATION BETWEEN TAX REVENUES AND RESOURCE To measure the deviation of tax revenues from tax sources, we can compare a province's tax revenue proportion of the total amount with the economic volume proportion of the national economy. It can be expressed by the following equation (The Tax and Tax Problems Research Group, 2007):


This article empirically examines the liquidity premium predicted by the Amihud and Mendelson (1986) model using NASDAQ data over the 1973-90 period. The results support the model and are much stronger than for the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), as reported by Nai-Fu Chen and Raymond Kan (1989) and Venkat R. Eleswarapu and Marc R. Reinganum (1993). The author conjectures that the stronger evidence on the NASDAQ is due to the dealers' inside spreads on the NASDAQ being a better proxy for the actual cost of transacting than the quoted spreads on the NYSE, since the NASDAQ dealers do not face competition from limit orders or floor traders. Copyright 1997 by American Finance Association.


Reaction of the phenalenyl anion (1−) with 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,4-dibromobutane and 1,5-dibromopentane results in the formation of (bromoalkyl)phenalene derivatives. These derivatives undergo ring closure when treated with base to spiro[cyclopropane-1,1′-[1H]phenalene] (2), spiro[cyclopentane-1,1′-[1H]phenalene] (4) and spiro[cyclohexane-1,1′-[1H]phenalene] (5). Reaction of 1− with 1,3-dibromopropane gives a 1:1 mixture of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydropyrene (3a) and 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrene (3b), both of which can easily be dehydrogenated to pyrene.

Photochemical reactions of spiro[cycloalkanephenalenes] 2, 4 and 5 are discussed. The introduction and photochemical opening of a spirocyclopropane ring in phenalene results in the formation of 1,2-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[cd]phenalene (6), a compound with a fused five-membered ring. The construction of pyrene and cyclopenta[cd]phenalene skeletons starting from phenalene represents a new approach in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives.


With the fast development and wide application of network technology,it is very necessary to build the system of experimental report management.The paper discusses the design and realization on experimental report management system based on J2EE.This system uses B / W / L / E structure and mode-view-controller design pattern.In this system the interface is friendly,performance is excellent,versatility and security is very good.This system will alleviate the burden of educational administration and raise working efficiency.


3-dimensional welding residual stress distribution of repair weld was measured and a wide plate test with a surface notch at repair weld was carried out. The brittle fracuture strength from the 3-dimensional crack at the repair weld was evaluated using COD criterion. The results of the present study are summarised as follows. 3-dimensional welding residual stresses in the thickness direction are measured. These values are seemed to be independent of the repair weld depth. CTOD values obtained from wide plate test are equivalent to those from COD test, provided that the microstructure of the notch tip is similar between them. The brittle fracture strength of the 3-dimensional crack at the repair weld is reasonablly estimated by using equivalent 2-dimensional crack, COD design curve and the criterion of δR+δσ=δc, where δR, δσ and δc are CTOD due to residual stress, applied stress (strain) and its critical value, respectively. The effect of welding residual stress is analysed quantitatively by means of the proposed method of the present study, but practically, WES 2805 gives the reasonable and safety-side estimation for it.


One case of elderly male patient with COPD,coughed repeatedly with sputum more than 20 years.He was hospitalized several times these years.This time,he was hospitalized because of asthmatic suffocation after activity for more than 4 years and the symptoms getting worse in 15 days ago.During the hospitalization,the results of sputum culture showed pseudomonas aeruginosa,pan-resistant acinetobacter baumannii and a small amount of aspergillus.Because of the symptoms of severe asthmatic suffocation,the patient was given methylprednisolone prior to hospitalization.After hospitalization,according to the previous antibiotic sensitive information of this patient,the results of the sputum culture and the eff icacy of antibiotics of this patient,clinical pharmacists switched to levo? oxacin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and minocycline,when combination use of meropenem plus etimicin had a poor effect.Considering the fungal infections and serious vein stimulation induced by itraconazole,liposomal amphotericin B was used.Clinical pharmacists provided professional advices and pharmaceutical care on use of liposomal amphotericin B and individual recommendations of the reduction of the glucocorticoid.


Management and reporting tasks over the last six months focused on the annual project review, preparations for the Year Five agreement, and a presentation at the Spectrum '98 Conference. The annual project review was held at the Energy and Environmental Research Center (EERC) in late September. The review focused on the projects from the fourth year of the agreement. Discussion were also held at the annual review for the Year Five proposal. A series of projects were presented and refined based on discussions after the meeting. A paper was accepted for presentation at the Spectrum '98 Conference in Denver; however, because of the Northwest Airlines strike, no presentation was given.


Advances in X‐ray computed tomography (CT) have led to a rise in the use of non‐destructive imaging methods in comparative anatomy. Among these is contrast‐enhanced CT scanning, which employs chemical stains to visualize soft tissues. Specimens may then be 'digitally dissected', producing detailed, three‐dimensional digital reconstructions of the soft‐ and hard‐tissue anatomy, allowing examination of anatomical structures in situ and making accurate measurements (lengths, volumes, etc.). Here, we apply this technique to two species of teleost fish, providing one of the first comprehensive three‐dimensional (3D) descriptions of teleost cranial soft tissue and quantifying differences in muscle anatomy that may be related to differences in feeding ecology. Two species with different feeding ecologies were stained, scanned and imaged to create digital 3D musculoskeletal reconstructions: Esox lucius (Northern Pike), predominantly a suction feeder; and Anguilla anguilla (European eel), which captures prey predominantly by biting. Muscle cross‐sectional areas were calculated and compared between taxa, focusing on muscles that serve important roles in feeding. The adductor mandibulae complex – used in biting – was larger in Esox than Anguilla relative to head size. However, the overall architecture of the adductor mandibulae was also very different between the two species, with that of Anguilla better optimized for delivering forceful bites. Levator arcus palatini and sternohyoideus – which are used in suction feeding – are larger in Esox, whereas the levator operculi is larger in Anguilla. Therefore, differences in the size of functionally important muscles do not necessarily correlate neatly with presumed differences in feeding mode.


This paper proposes an approach to a study of family patterns using survey data from India. Any household comprised of a man his wife and their unmarried children or even a fraction of it for the purpose of this study are termed a nuclear family and any family otherwise a joint family. The probability that a person will be found in a joint family depends very much on the persons age sex and marital status. The movement from 1 type of family to another type of family is very frequent in a persons life. If one considers the history of an individual in different types of families it is likely that a vast majority of individuals at 1 time or another had lived in joint families and for the same reason in nuclear families also. The dependency of widows and divorcees is one of the causes for the existence of joint families. Finally the methodological implication is that it is convenient and proper to keep individuals as the units of study and observe them as they pass from 1 type of family to another rather than treating the family as a unit of study which makes the study conceptually weak analytically difficult and the results unreliable.


Desima Ayuningtyas, 2018, NIT: 51145144. N, "Effort to Prevent High Pressure
Tank LPG/C Vessel at Loading in Gas Nuri Arizona", Nautical Department
Mini-thesis, Program Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran
Semarang, Advisor I: Dr. Capt. M. SUWIYADI, M,Pd., M.Mar. Advisor
II: AGUS HENDRO WASKITO, MM., M.Mar.E.
Keywords : LPG fully pressurized, high pressure, temperature and pressure of the
tank, LPG Loading Progress
LPG transport at fully pressurized LPG vessel needs a special handling
in the loading progress when ship-to-ship berthing. In the operation of the load,
the most necessary things are the temperature and the pressure since high
temperature cause the pressure increase and therefore, the load will not mediate at
the exact time. It is necessary to know how temperature and pressure handling
towaard cargo at loading, also the obstacles that affect and the effort to prevent
those obstacles. The purpose of this study is, to know the factor of high-pressure
when loading ship-to-ship progress, know the way to handle high pressure effect
and to know the effort to prevent the come of the high pressure.
Based on the literature review, it is said that LPG cargo at outern air
pressure will evaporate at very low temperature, which is -42.3 C to propana and -
0.5 C to butana. Therefore, temperature and pressure to the cargo tank should be
in a stable condition on keeping the cargo at liquid shape.
This study combine between descriptive qualitative and data analysis
technic with using Fish bone Analysis also Fault Tree Analysis which explain
fish-bone shaped and tree-shaped way of thinking to solve the probles until the
problems can't be solved anymore. The data obtained by interview to several
respondent, observation to the research object and also documentation method.
Based from the study, it is known that the obstacles in handling the
high pressure at STS transfer berthing are the unsuitable pressure of the tank
before loading compared with loading agreement, hot temperature at the progress
of the loading, hot cargo from the mother ship and lack of ccrew's knowledge
about the gas cargo at that time. Therefore, the effort to prevent are turning on
cargo liquid spray to lessen the temperature inside the tank and water spray line to
refrigerate the temperature also using cargo compressor to circulate mothership
stakeholder with the crew, stay up to date toward temperature estimation on the
area around, give special training to gas vessel crew that are going to on board
also giving requirement to AB to have basic liquified for gas tanker certificate
and do maintenance toward loading unloading equipment based on plan
maintenance system.
In the end, result of the study about the effort to prevent high pressure
of LPG cargo in LPG/C Gas Nuri Arizona at the progress of loading is necessary
to do on board to create a purpose (to create continuity at LPG fully pressurized
loading) and can be responsible also taken summary or even evaluation to refer


Avionics system is assuming increasing amount of functions,and the type if communication channels between integrated display control processor(IDCP)and external peripheral is also increasing;RS422 communication is one of them.Internal data interaction of IDCP has the disadvantage of data loss and sluggish response in RS422 event data and period data.This paper has proposed a software design and implementation of internal data interaction of IDCP in multi-channel RS422 communication.


By selective adsorbent comprises an effective amount of a non-adsorbing filler, the adsorption and adsorption contactor design combined cycle design from the pressure swing adsorption process gas stream of CO2 removal. From a gas stream, preferably from natural gas streams, removal of contaminants using rapid cycle swing adsorption processes, for example, rapid cycle pressure swing adsorption (RC-RSA). By adsorbent material, a gas - solid contact, a combination of loop design and system configurations carefully selected to provide the separation with a high product recovery and / or high product purity under high pressure. For example, comprising the step of purging and segmented blowdown cycle design and comprises a mesoporous adsorbent filler in a significantly improved product (e.g., methane) recovery. It may be less than 10ppm from having less than 1 mole% H2S-containing natural gas feed stream of production? RC-RSA product of H2S.


The effect of the methods of fertilization on available nutrients and taste of Japanese and Chinese rice lines (ZR6, ZR13, ZR32, ZR51 and ZR63) were studied in a field experiment. The results show that yields are lower under Japanese high quality rice fertilization method (Japanese fertilization method) than under the conventional fertilization. Among the tested five lines, yield of ZR13 is the lowest while ZR63 is the highest. The content of soil ammonia N could be significantly increased by the conventional fertilization method compared to Japanese fertilization method, while the content of available phosphorous for the five lines be decreased. Based on change in taste, Japanese fertilization method, under which rice has a good taste, limits rice protein and amylase contents. Yield, protein and amylase contents of ZR63, which tastes the worst, are higher than those of the other lines. Compared with ZR63, the taste of ZR13 improves by 17.2% under Japanese fertilization method while that of ZR51 increases by 56.1% under conventional fertilization. Based on yield and taste, ZR32 and ZR51 are the ideal lines. The yield of ZR6 and ZR13 is lower than the other three lines. Though ZR63 has a high yield, its taste quality is low.


Electrochemical cyclic voltammetric(CV) scan was applied to inducing the partial oxidation and defects of carbon nanotubes(CNTs). The electrochemically induced functional groups and physical defects were demonstra- ted to show positive effects on the nanotube capacitance, as exemplified by super-long CNT arrays as model for the easy fabrication of CNT electrodes. Specifically, the initial hydrophobic nanotube surface becomes hydrophilic and a ten-time enhancement in capacitance is observed with respect to the pristine CNT sample. Thus, the electrochemical CV pretreatment can be used as an effective approach to activate the CNT surface for an enhanced electrochemical performance in capacitors, and many other advanced devices beyond capacitors, such as electrochemical sensors and


The effects of exercise training in chronic heart failure are well established, however, they have not been evaluated in Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC). We sought to determine the effects of exercise training on functional capacity, health‐related quality of life (HQoL), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in patients with ChC.


Based on the observations on the recent transoceanic tsunami events, it has been seen that severe damage may still occur in ports and harbors as a result of the strong tsunami-induced currents, even if there is no or limited inundation. Dynamic currents induced by tsunami waves, while regularly observed and known to cause significant damage, are poorly understood. In this paper, it will be discussed that the strongest currents in a port are governed by horizontally sheared and rotational shallow flow with imbedded turbulent coherent structures, and without proper representation of the physics associated with these phenomena; predictive models may provide drag force estimates that are an order of magnitude or more in error. Such an error can mean the difference between an unaffected port and one in which vessels 300 meters in length drift and spin chaotically through billions of dollars of infrastructure. This paper also focuses on tsunami induced currents and seeks to define the relative hazard in specific ports and harbors as a result of these currents.


: Tribological properties of 150SN mineral oil and lubricating oils containing triethanolamine borate (TBE) with and without electromagnetic field impact were evaluated on a modified four-ball tribo-tester. The characteristics of the worn surfaces were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, the tribological mechanisms are discussed from the viewpoint of physical effect and chemical effect. The results indicated that the friction coefficients and wear scar diameters (WSDs) lubricated by 150SN mineral oil under electromagnetic field were higher than those without electromagnetism impact. The WSDs of steel balls lubricated by TBE-doped oils under electromagnetic field were smaller than those obtained from non-electromagnetic field, but the friction coefficients were higher than those under non-electromagnetic field. A protective coating consists of wear particles could be formed on the frictional surface due to the physical effect of electromagnetic field on wear debris. The electromagnetic field could facilitate the interaction of elemental boron and nitrogen in TBE with metal interfaces, and contributes to forming tribo-chemical reaction film to reduce friction and wear.


tionship with the pastor and the church, and emphasize that the couple will probably need help in maintaining their relationship. The pastor and the community of the church should provide counseling and educational opportunities for the couple as they continue to grow both in their individuality and their togetherness. The authors have no particular method in writing this book other than to relate systems thinking to the Christian tradition. They also draw on their own vast experience in working with couples, and use frequent case examples which greatly enhance their presentation. The material is clearly presented, and provides an excellent introduction to systems thinking. The authors also draw upon the feminist literature to provide a good contemporary view of the process of becoming a couple. This is an excellent little book. It should provide a useful introduction to the process of becoming married for parish ministers, particularly those who have not studied the systems and feminist literature. If I were a congregational minister, I believe that I would draw upon it in preparing couples for marriage. I would want couples that I marry to buy a copy for themselves and one for their parents. I especially like the way the authors weave together the theme of individuality and togetherness. The book is limited in its usefulness for the counseling professional in that it is but a summary of a complex and changing field. But for the audience for which it is intended it makes a fine contribution. -CALVIN W. KRopp, S.T.D.


Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite bridge deck panels are high-strength, corrosion resistant, weather resistant, etc., making them attractive for use in new construction or retrofit of existing bridges. This study evaluated the force-deformation responses of FRP composite bridge deck panels under AASHTO MS 22.5 (HS25) truck wheel load and up to failure. Tests were conducted on 16 FRP composite deck panels and four reinforced concrete conventional deck panels. The test results of FRP composite deck panels were compared with the flexural, shear, and deflection performance criteria per Ohio Department of Transportation specifications, and with the test results of reinforced concrete deck panels. The flexural and shear rigidities of FRP composite deck panels were calculated. The response of all panels under service load, factored load, cyclic loading, and the mode of failure were reported. The tested bridge deck panels satisfied the performance criteria. The safety factor against failure varies from 3 to 8.


Abstract This article uses ethnography from the city of Palermo (Italy) to analyze organic food's role in the culinary anxieties that characterize late modernity. Popular interpretations see the organic phenomenon as the product of a new kind of society in which some consumers regularly reflect on various sorts of environmental risk and how to avoid them. The article argues that this interpretation, while not without empirical grounding, is limited by the privileging of cognitive forms of knowledge over embodied ones in people's relationship to food. Distinguishing between the risk society and risk practice, the article discusses the concomitant importance of forms of knowledge based on the body, the senses, and corporeal memory, showing how the cognitive and the embodied influence each other to form a local risk culture of organic foods.


ONE OF THE fundamental issues on which different theories of reading and memory disagree is whether lexical information is retained in memory. The present study aimed to investigate this question by comparing the performance of two groups of subjects on a modified cloze test; one of these groups read the story from which the test was constructed before attempting the test whereas the second group did not. Approximately 1 week later both groups were retested. The performance of these groups demonstrated that lexical information was retained in memory, thus supporting the claim that lexical information persists in memory representations of meaning.


- Due to advancement in science new technologies are emerging at a fast pace, so there is need of security while transferring data files or documents. Digital watermarking is used to hide the digital information inside a signal, which cannot be easily claimed by the third party. This paper review different aspects and techniques of digital watermarking for protecting digital contents. In this paper, we present review on video Watermarking for better performance, robustness and discuss the various factors used in watermarking, attributes and application area where watermarking technique needs to be used. Also survey of new work is done in video watermarking field.


.................................................................................................................... 12 Methods ..................................................................................................................... 23 Tissue Collection. PCR Amplification and Sequencing .......................................... 23 Data Analysis ......................................................................................................... 24 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 27 Appendix: Nucleotide Variation in Mytilus Lysin-M7 Alleles ........................................ 30 References ..................................................................................................................... 33 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1 . Global distribution of hybridizing Mytilus species ..................................................... 14 Figure 2 . Phylogenetic relationships among Lysin-M7 alleles ................................................... 16 Figure 3 . Spatial locations of amino acid substitutions in the carbohydrate recognition ............................................................................................. domain of Mytilus Lysin.M7 18 ............................................................. .................. Table 1 . Lysin-M7 variation in Mytiltis , 1 9 Table 2 . Likelihood ratio tests of selection ............................................................................... 25 "I am not sure what should be done now, since their work is, in essence, my thesis." Stanley L. Miller to his supervisor Harold Urey after finding that his seminal work on the origins of life had been scooped (1 953). This thesis is composed of two chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the molecules that mediate direct interactions between biological units and an exposition of their implications for the study of speciation and adaptation. Few programmes in evolutionary biology hold as much immediate and sweeping promise as study of the simple traits that arbitrate interactions between individuals. The second chapter is my attempt to justify this claim empirically, a case study of speciation in Mytihrs blue mussels. I examine the molecular evolution of a sperm-surface protein that binds eggsurface carbohydrates allowing fertilization. This work is the first example of secondary contact and hybridization between two ecologically-distinct species resulting in positively selected divergence of a mate recognition trait whose genetic basis is known. Few studies provide such direct evidence that selection drives the divergence of reproductive traits prior to the evolution of reproductive isolation, and I believe this work is therefore of some general importance to evolutionary biology. I conclude with my thoughts on the fhture challenges and prospects of gamete-recognition research; forgive the indulgence, but this is a thesis after all.


For "early" hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), surgery, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) improve the natural history of the disease. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and early HCC treated by PEI (n = 417) or OLT (n = 172). Overall, 589 patients with cirrhosis were studied. The proportion of patients in Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP) classes A, B, and C was 52.5%, 33.6%, and 13.9%, respectively. Most patients (78.9%) had solitary HCC. Overall 5‐year and 10‐year cumulative survival rates were 36.1% and 15.5% after PEI, and 66.3% and 49.1% after OLT, respectively (P < .0001). Overall 5‐year and 10‐year cumulative tumor‐free survival rates were 25.3% and 18.0% after PEI, and 84.6% and 82.2% after OLT, respectively (P < .0001). When patients were sorted according to the severity of cirrhosis, mean survival times in PEI and OLT patients were 67 and 80 months in CTP class A (P = .05), 38 and 90 months in class B (P < .0001), and 31 and 95 months in class C (P = .0004). Similarly, mean tumor‐free survival times in the 2 series of patients were 49 and 98 months in CTP class A (P < .0001), 39 and 121 months in class B (P < .0001), and 35 and 139 months in class C (P < .0001). In conclusion, this study challenges the therapeutic efficacy of PEI for patients with cirrhosis and early HCC, when compared to OLT: the proportion of both long‐term survivors and tumor‐free survivors was increased by OLT over PEI. The benefit of OLT extends to all patients, regardless of the degree of liver impairment. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:1355–1363.)


The present invention provides an anti-fall tower crane arm monitoring apparatus, a method and tower. Anti-fall tower crane arm monitoring apparatus, comprising: a stress detection means configured to obtain, directly or indirectly reflect the forces of the tower crane luffing rope stress value; and a controller, the stress detection means is connected, the controller reduces the stress value when a first predetermined value, the control tower crane luffing mechanism to stop running. The forces of the luffing steel wire rope of the present invention, the controller can be detected by the stress detecting means, determines whether there is a risk of dropping the arm, and issuing a control instruction luffing mechanism, it is not running, i.e., stopping the release of the luffing steel wire rope . Accordingly, the present invention can detect the risk of falling of the arm and make the corresponding risk for the operation, and to avoid the falling accidents caused by the arm, has a simple structure, the cost of generation, and can be widely applied tower crane, in particular fIELD arm is movable tower machines.


This chapter presents the General Comparative Report, which addresses, article by article, the Hague (or HCCH) Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts of 2015 (the Hague Principles). The General Comparative Report compares the Hague Principles with the state of the law in over sixty jurisdictions worldwide and with supranational rules and soft law principles. It aims to encourage legislators, courts, practitioners, and academics to further develop their domestic private international law systems and possibly benefit hereby from the Hague Principles by consistently and adequately applying, interpreting, and amending domestic, supranational, and regional private international law (PIL) in the context of party choice of law. The chapter then details the structure of the Report and the questionnaire used to address the issues covered by the Hague Principles. It also provides an introduction and a comparative overview of each of the Articles of the Hague Principles.