Selenium (Se) concentrations in the food of the Gidra‐speaking people of Papua New Guinea were measured by fluorometry. Animal foods contained Se in larger concentrations than plant foods. Animal foods of aquatic origin contained more Se than those of terrestrial origin. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed an association between Se and the animal's mercury content. Se concentrations in rice and wheat flour, which were imported from outside of the Gidra land, were more than one order higher than those in locally grown plant foods. The dietary Se intakes of the Gidra in four villages with diverse ecological conditions were calculated based on food consumption survey data. They varied from one village to another: the highest Se intake was observed in the coastal village (132.9 μg/adult male/day), which had greatest fish and purchased food consumption. It was followed by the riverine (97.8) and northern (51.0) villages, and the lowest intake was in the inland village (49.0), where no aquatic animal...


The purpose of this investigation was to extend earlier conceptual and empirical literature on the ways in which White individuals respond to societal racism. To this end, the authors conducted in-depth interviews to examine 11 midwestern, non-Hispanic, White university students' reactions and experiences related to individual and institutional forms of racism perpetrated against people of color. We used the consensual qualitative research method to analyze these data. Results suggested that White students varied in their understanding of and responses to racism. Three topic domains, each consisting of a number of subcategories, reflected participants' varied responses to racism: (a) affective, (b) social, and (c) cognitive. Findings add to the existing literature by identifying in greater depth the multiple ways in which dominant group members respond to societal racism. Limitations and future research directions are discussed.


In order to attain the best-educated people in a rapidly changing, modern society with English is an official language, this study applies the problem-based learning (PBL) method to the English Science Class. PBL problems were developed for PBL classes, and their effectiveness has been proven. The focus of this study was five PBL questions posed during the first semester, targeting seven learners in the fourth grade of Elementary School A. The questions were divided into levels aimed at each grade, with the emphasis on specialized English education. Learners wrote journals, peer evaluations, and self-evaluations after finishing their PBL classes. Also, a survey about PBL was conducted after the first semester. The results of the study showed that learners experienced an 86% improvement in presentation skills, an 86% improved interest in learning, 86% better understanding, and 100% improvement in both problem-solving skills and cooperation. On the other hand, learners had difficulty in understanding PBL problems, and with research using the internet. PBL was somewhat unfamiliar to the students, but the survey found that learners are already aware of its effectiveness, and that they are interested in PBL. 요 약 영어가 세계 공용어로 자리매김 됨과 더불어 다양한 방면에서 급격히 변화하고 있는 현대사회가 추구하는 인재상 을 기르기 위해 본 논문은 PBL 학습법을 영어과학 수업에 적용하였다. PBL 수업을 위하여 직접 PBL 문제를 개발하여 수업에 적용하였으며 PBL 학습 효과를 확인하였다. 본 논문의 연구 대상은 외국어 특성화 교육이 중점이 되어 각 학년 당 수준별로 나뉘어 분반 수업으로 진행되는 A 초등학교의 4학년 상반에 속한 7명 학습자를 대상으로 1학기 동안 5개의 PBL 문제 활동이 모두 끝난 후 PBL 학습에 대한 설문을 받았다. 연구 결과는 PBL 활동을 통해 발표력 향상 86%, 학습 에 대한 흥미도 86%, 학습에 대한 이해력 향상 86%, 문제해결능력 향상 100%, 협동력 100% 효과를 학습자들이 경험할 수 있었다. 반면에 처음 접한 활동이라 이해하기 어려움, 문제에 이해에 대한 어려움, 인터넷을 통한 자료조사에 대한 어려움이 도출되었다. PBL 학습은 학습자들에게 다소 생소하였으나 활동을 통해 중요성 및 효과성을 인식하고 있었으며 큰 관심을 보인 점을 보았을 때 교육 현장에서는 더욱 PBL 적용에 힘써야 하는 큰 시사점을 준다.


Traumatic brain injury remains a challenging and complicated disease process to care for, despite the advance of technology used to monitor and guide treatment. Currently the mainstay of treatment is aimed at limiting secondary brain injury, with the help of multiple specialties in a critical care setting. Prognosis after TBI is often even more challenging than the treatment itself, although there are various exam and imaging findings that are associated with poor outcome. These findings are important because they can be used to guide families and loved ones when making decisions about goals of care. However in this case report, we demonstrate the unanticipated recovery of a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury who presented with several exam and imaging findings that are statistically associated with increased mortality and morbidity.


Deep neural networks have been used in music related applications such as polyphony music generation, music style transfer and hidden emotions identification. However, it's still challenge to generate long-term music with harmonious structures. In this paper, we propose a Self-similarity Clustering Learning (SSCL) model to meet the above challenge. Our main idea is to reduce the dimensionality of the self-similarity matrix followed by clustering, so that the generated music samples in one cluster have similar long-term strucutres. We built a music dataset by collecting 198 hours music data from Internet to evaluate the quality of the generated music. Experimental results show that our model can synthesize music with better long-term properties which are closer to real music.


Background: Adverse effects on health in the environments are no trivial matter. Exposure to lead has had devastating consequences for health, especially for children. The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students' perception of childhood lead poisoning risk factors. Methods: This was a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. Data were collected from 85 baccalaureate nursing students in a college situated in Northern Indiana, USA. Results: The top five most agreed upon responses, chipping or peeling paint; learning problems; blood testing; inedible objects; and lead removal, had means greater than 4.18, on a 5-point Likert-type scale, which indicates a high level of agreement. Discussion: Some of the survey statements indicated deficits in nursing students' knowledge of lead poisoning risk factors requiring further teaching and learning. Conclusions: More education related to childhood lead poisoning risk factors may need to be integrated into courses such as nursing fundamentals, pediatrics, and community health.


The nature of the improvement of corporate culture construction is to continuously to strengthen the position and role of advanced culture in every work of enterprises,to give full play to its ideological implications and scientific motivation, to lead enterprises to step forward,to improve the ideological quality,ethnic mindset and professional qualification of enterprises' employees,and to promote enterprises' scientific development.


End-stage liver disease (ESLD) causes a generally mild length-dependent somatic and autonomic neuropathy. We previously reported on abnormalities in quantitative sensory testing and axonal excitability in 11 subjects. The pattern of excitability change suggested axonal depolarization by approximately 1 mV, typical of acute ischemia. Reduced intravascular volume and local microvascular changes due to endothelin–nitric oxide imbalance may be important for its development. If ischemia or a neurotoxin is responsible, significant reversal should occur within a few months of successful transplantation. Of this original cohort, 6 (4 men and 2 women, mean age 50 years) underwent successful transplantation, had good engraftment and restoration of liver function, and were restudied approximately 1 year later. Diagnoses (time since transplant) were as follows: polycystic kidney disease (10 months); secondary biliary cirrhosis (13 months); primary sclerosing cholangitis (4 months); primary biliary cirrhosis (11 months); alcoholic liver disease (11 months); and alcohol/chronic hepatitis C (10 months). In the latter 3 patients, it is possible that the underlying cause of the liver disease could have contributed to their neuropathy, as addressed in an earlier study. The authors thank Professor A.K. Burroughs for access to patients. Standard nerve conduction studies and thermal threshold testing using the method of limits were repeated as in the previous study. Autonomic function was assessed with heart rate variability to deep breathing, standing and the Valsalva maneuver, and sympathetic skin responses to electrical stimulation in the hand and foot. A modified total neuropathy score (mTNS) was recorded, as described in earlier studies. Nerve excitability studies were repeated using Qtrac software (VC H. Bostock, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK). The authors thank Professor H. Bostock and E. Barnes for assistance with data collection and analysis. The mean period from transplant to study was 9.8 months. There was no significant difference in the temperature or serum K preand posttransplantation. There was an expected normalization of hepatic function, as demonstrated by biochemical and hematological indices (e.g., albumin, international normalized ratio, ammonia level). Clinically, the patients had little change in symptoms or signs. In particular, cramping appeared to be improved in two patients, but worsened in one. The mTNS was decreased (1.2 vs. 1.8), but the change was not significant (P 5 0.56). Preand posttransplant characteristics are shown in Table S1 (refer to Supplementary Material available via the internet at http://www.mrw.interscience. wiley.com/suppmat/0148–639X/suppmat). Sural nerve conduction velocities normalized (median pretransplant 39.5 m/s, median posttransplant 44.0 m/s; P 5 0.04), but there was no net change in thermal perception. Although there were positive trends, there were no significant changes in nerve excitability parameters sensitive to axonal depolarization, namely FIGURE 1. Change in depolarizing threshold electrotonus measured from the median nerve in subjects pretransplant, posttransplant, and in 27 age-matched subjects from the previous study. Arrows depict individual changes in excitability, showing a general trend toward improvement.


The US Department of Energy (DOE), established in the K Basin Spent Nuclear Fuel Project Regulatory Policy, dated August 4, 1995 (hereafter referred to as the Policy), the requirement for new Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Project facilities to achieve nuclear safety equivalency to comparable US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)-licensed facilities. For activities other than during transport, when the Multi-Canister Overpack (MCO) is used and resides in the Canister Storage Building (CSB), Cold Vacuum Drying (CVD) facility or Hot Conditioning System, additional NRC requirements will also apply to the MCO based on the safety functions it performs and its interfaces with the SNF Project facilities. An evaluation was performed in consideration of the MCO safety functions to identify any additional NRC requirements needed, in combination with the existing and applicable DOE requirements, to establish nuclear safety equivalency for the MCO. The background, basic safety issues and general comparison of NRC and DOE requirements for the SNF Project are presented in WHC-SD-SNF-DB-002.


This article aims at analyzing the initial organization and the development of participative budgets in the cities of Porto Alegre, Montevideo and Buenos Aires, emphasizing the structural differences of this proposal. With this goal, at first we analyze the organizational models in each city and then after we point out the aspects in common and the differences in the application of the participative budget in these important cities in MERCOSUR.

Key words: MERCOSUR; participatory democracy; participatory budget.


Post-weaning diarrhea is mainly caused by F4+ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (F4+ ETEC), leading to severe economic losses. Three different F4 variants exist, F4ab, F4ac and F4ad, with pigs showing adhesion of one or more of these variants or completely F4 receptor negative (F4R-). For long-term management of the infection, selection for F4R- pigs and/or vaccination of F4R+ pigs seems to be the best strategies to prevent postweaning diarrhoea. However, neither the causal mutation resulting in F4+ ETEC resistance nor the biochemical nature of the F4R have been determined yet. This thesis aimed to characterize and identify F4R glycoprotein(s).
In the first study, we evaluated the prevalence of the F4+ ETEC susceptible phenotypes among Flemish pig breeds using an in vitro villous adhesion assay. Based on adhesion of the 3 F4 variants, seven different F4+ ETEC susceptible phenotypes were found. Overall, F4ab and F4ac E. coli adhered more numerous to intestinal villi than F4ad E. coli. The completely resistant phenotype E was found in 24.08% of the pigs. F4acR+ pigs can be orally immunized with F4ac fimbriae, one of the criteria used to select pigs for F4R glycoprotein characterisation. However, most pigs have F4ac-specific maternal antibodies, which mask the serum antibody response upon oral immunization.
Therefore, we established in the second study an ELIspot test to detect the antibody response in piglets having colostral F4ac-specific serum antibodies. This test allowed us to identify circulating F4ac-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs). Total F4ac-specific ASCs as well as IgA F4ac-specific ASCs revealed an F4ac-specific antibody response in the orally immunized animals with maternal antibodies in the absence of an increase in serum antibodies. Interestingly, the IgA F4ac-specific ASC response on enriched IgA+ B cells elucidated a more robust IgA booster response upon oral immunization of pigs with than without maternal antibodies.
To select potential intestinal F4R glycoproteins, we determined in the third study the binding profile of the three F4 variants to SDS-PAGEseparated intestinal brush border membrane proteins of pigs differing in: (1) the F4ac-specific antibody response upon oral immunization, (2) the in vitro adhesion of F4+ E. coli to villi, and (3) in their MUC4 genotype. As such we identified six groups of pigs: one negative for all tests and five F4R+ groups. Only two out of five were positive in all three assays and showed the same F4-specific binding bands. Although, putative F4Rs must be present in the other three F4R+ groups, no potential F4-binding band could be identified in those groups.
In the last study, the F4-specific binding bands were purified using different methods including an F4acR pull-down assay, sequential chromatographies, continuous-elution electrophoresis followed by separation with 1D or 2D SDS-PAGE and by shotgun mass spectrometry. Several identified candidates were tested for their presence in F4R+ brush border membranes. One of the candidates showed high potential to be an F4acR.
Exploring the genetic and biochemical nature of the F4Rs shows to be complex. Till now, F4Rs have been studied for more than 20 years. Yet both the causal mutation and the identity of the F4Rs are still unresolved. Several reasons impede its discovery, including the complexity of the susceptibility phenotypes (due to the three F4 variants, the use of different pig breeds and non-uniform selection of animals in different studies), the complexity of F4R characteristics and limited knowledge of genetic information. Further study on our F4acR candidate will be useful to identify mutation(s) responsible for F4+ ETEC susceptibility.


Inclusive education allows for universal inclusion, participation and
achievement of all children, including children with specific learning
difficulties (SpLD). Children with SpLD form a heterogeneous group
with diverse cognitive deficits, special educational needs (SEN) and
strengths, and have a legislated right to the continuum of both assistance
and support programmes. Although their intellectual capacity is average
or above average, their learning achievements in some learning domains
are modest, and they are poorly integrated into their social environ
-
ment, which often results in their discrimination. Barriers and oppor
-
tunities in the area of SpLD were analysed with the aid of Ball's model
(1994), with factors and conditions being analysed within the contexts
of policy influence, text production and practice. The contexts of policy
influence and text production provide the basic conditions for the in
-
clusive education of children with SpLD. The context of influence on in
-
clusive policy for children with SpLD represents a systematic approach
to policy initiation and to the prerequisites for its implementation in
practice. The context of policy text production focuses on professionals
and their impact on the enactment of the rights of children with severe
SpLD. The context of practice concerns barriers and opportunities for
implementing inclusion in practice. Early identification and diagnosis of
pupils' strengths, deficits and SEN, together with intensified treatment
corresponding to the SEN of children with SpLD, could significantly in
-
fluence the efficiency of the educational process. Barriers, primarily of
an immaterial nature, are mainly encountered in those schools that do
not implement the five-tier Response to Intervention (RTI) approach.
This approach enables children with SpLD a continuum of team-based
diagnostic evaluation, effective adaptations and assistance. The main
reasons for the unfavourable situation concern education professionals and their attitude towards children with SpLD, poor knowledge of
SpLD, a lack of teamwork in problem solving, and a lack of partnership
commitment between education professionals, parents and children. It
is expected that changes could be brought about through innovations in
the education of future teachers, and through positive cases of children
with SpLD being treated effectively in practice. The conditions for the
development of the inclusive treatment of children with SpLD could be
created through legislative and systematic work.


1. The aim of the present study was the evaluation of human gastric ulcer healing and intractability from the viewpoint of connective tissue components.


Emittance is one of the major characteristics of charged particle beams. In this paper, we will present techniques used for measuring emittance for the sources, linear and circular accelerators. Invasive and non‐invasive methods are described and their advantages and limitations are discussed.


On the basis of teaching regularity,traditional PDCA(plan-do-check-action) system circulation has been reformed into a new style of PDCA(prepare-do-check-assemble).The improved PDCA circulation was applied in teaching management of general medical knowledge course.It has been proved that the circulation in teaching management achieved regularity,promoted teacher's professional development and enhanced talent training quality.


In the past, most of virtual experiments usually no virtual tutor to help students, only provide a pure guided or open learning environment for the students, that prevents students from learning experiments efficiently. In this study, we proposed a semi-open learning strategy for the users to do experiments in the virtual environment with the help of the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance to learn making oxygen from potassium permanganate. The times of experimental errors, cost time of experiment and score of experimental knowledge were collected and compared between the group with the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance and the group without the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance. It is found that average times of experiment errors of the group with the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance was shortened by 0.83 times, the average time that users completed the experiment was shortened by 1 min. and 36 sec., and the average score of the experimental knowledge increased by 1.33 marks, compared to the group without the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance. It found that the virtual experiment environment of with the virtual tutor and exploratory guidance can effectively improve the efficiency of students' learning virtual experiment.


The agriculture information system based on WAP had been designed with the layered architecture of J2EE,of which the system structure,the developing environment and realization of system were described herein.The system had already been putting into the trial service,which provided a new way for getting agriculture information.


A radius of maximum cyclospheric wind speed is necessary to estimate a wind field by an empirical typhoon model for storm surge and wave simulations. In the present study, a stochastic typhoon model was established which has high reproducibility for mean distribution of passage number and central pressure of typhoons in the northwest Pacific. The relationship between radius of maximum cyclospheric wind speed and central atmospheric pressure was analyzed and parameterized to represent the probability distribution. Then, two different methods to project future typhoons were examined to apply for stochastic typhoon model under climate change scenario. Finally, the stochastic typhoon model which employs the presumed future typhoon tracks as input data was applied to evaluate climate change impact on typhoon characteristics.


Tropes are cultural narrative conventions that shape our expectations of stories. This paper proposes a new approach to examine movie content relying on tropes. It first presents the architecture of tropes ontology extracted from tvtropes.org, then studies the link prediction problem in trope bipartite networks and discusses the next challenges and numerous applications that ensue from this approach. In addition, we propose to assess the potential of tropes to be the lexicon units of a formal story grammar.


Introduction. The resources of the business entities of the machine-building complex increasingly determine the importance of developing the components of the internal efficiency of the industry itself and ensuring the national security of Ukraine, since the machine-building complex is the leading branch of the national economy. In this regard, an urgent task is to form a methodological basis based on the concept of the development of the machine-building complex using a system of measures of direct and indirect regulation and improvement of the strategic directions of industrial policy.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the essential characteristics of the economic security of the machine-building complex, as well as to study the approach to implementing the concept of the development of the machine-building complex based on the application of methodological contexts. The paper examines the essential and practical characteristics of implementation the concept development of the machine-building complex in the context of methodological basis based on safety-related conditions.
Results. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of the existing concept using the model for selecting target indicators is substantiated, as a result of which the main vectors for ensuring the safety of machine-building enterprises in modern conditions of challenges and threats are identified. In addition, three design stages of the implementation of this concept are characterized and the features of ensuring the relevant safety components in the conditions of the intensification of the development of the machine-building complex are studied.
Conclusions. A distinctive feature of the management of the economic security system of machine-building enterprises is the ability to use operational, tactical, strategic, and preventive mechanisms for diagnosing, stabilizing, and ensuring the economic security of machine-building enterprises. The proposed concept allows assessing the prospects for the development of a machine-building enterprise, developing its tactics and strategy, and reducing the consequences of financial crises and the negative impact of new threats and dangers based on the practical application of the concept of developing the complex under study using predetermined methodological contexts.


The invention relates to a converse construction process for the middle-high steel structure building, belonging to the steel structure system construction field and aiming at solving the problems that the construction surfaces are less, the construction efficiency is low, the construction period is long and the manufacturing of the steel structure components can not meet the integral mounting quality standard requirements because the steel floorslabs and the steel structure frameworks are constructed synchronously during the construction of the prior steel structure building. The converse construction process for the middle-high steel structure building comprises the following steps: refining and enlarging the connection nodes of the steel structure frameworks; processing and assembling the steel structure components according to the enlarged construction drawing; transporting and stacking the steel structure components; mounting the steel structure frameworks; and moungin the steel floorslabs. Because the converse construction process of mouting the main structures of all the steel structure frameworks before the mouting the steel floorslabs is adopted, the steel structure frameworks and the steel floorslabs can be constructed on the same plane and can be constructed in a vertical and cross way without mutual influence, the construction speed can be accelerated, and the construction efficiency can be improved. The converse construction process is simple, convenient, economical, reasonable, safe and reliable, ensures high mounting precision and can be applied to the construction of various middle-high steel structure buildings.


This paper present a tire pressure monitoring system based on piezoelectric ceramic.It adopts low power cost chip MC9S08QG8 as the MCU,pressure sensor SP12 as the pressure monitoring module,MAX1472 and MAX1473 for RF communication,piezoelectric ceramic to supply the power.The previous systems that use battery to supply the power usually have a short life.This system solves that and increases the transmit density.It provides accurate temperature and pressure giving the driver credible protection.


This report documents the talks and discussions of Dagstuhl Seminar 13271 "Theory of Evolutionary Algorithms". This seminar, now in its 7th edition, is the main meeting point of the highly active theory of randomized search heuristics subcommunities in Australia, Asia, North America and Europe. Topics intensively discussed include a complexity theory for randomized search heuristics, evolutionary computation in noisy settings, the drift analysis technique, and parallel evolutionary computation.


As people age, they naturally experience sensory, perceptual, and cognitive changes. Many of these changes necessitate adaptations in designing programs for older adults. Choral singing is an activity that has many potential benefits for older adults, yet the rehearsal environment, presentation style, and content of material presented may need to be modified in order for older adults to participate to their fullest. The purpose of this article is to discuss sensory, perceptual, and cognitive changes that may occur in old age and, based on the implications of these changes, provide recommendations on designing a choral singing experience for older adults. I offer suggestions for adapting choral singing experiences based on empirical evidence as well as my own experience leading a choir for mature singers with Parkinson's disease. Adaptive strategies are given so those working with older adults might help mature singers more fully participate when engaging in choral singing.


Automated blood collection platforms use different technological systems to isolate and collect individual blood components. These unique systems could potentially result in differences in platelet in vivo viability, as measured by the corrected count increment (CCI).


Indonesia is the world's second largest producer of plastic waste to the sea, after China. Most of the plastic waste is polyethylene. Polyethylene is a polymer consisting of long chains of ethylene monomers. Moreover, polyethylene is plastic that has characteristics such as; thermoplastic, elastic, non-translucent, odorless, slightly opaque and transparent, resistant to impact and has a resistance of up to 135 degrees Celsius. The type of HDPE plastic (high-density polyethylene), which has been cleaned and chopped as a substitute of fine aggregate, is used in the brick's making process. HDPE has a stronger, harder, smoother and more resistant to high-temperature properties. In this study, a weight variation of 0%, 10%, and 20% of HDPE plastic wastes was used from the total weight of sand as a substitution. Furthermore, the tensile and compressive strength were tested on day 7. Based on the research, the quality of the specimen achieved was categorized in quality III according to SNI 03-0349-1989.


The role instabilities play in governing the evolution of solar and astrophysical plasmas is a matter of considerable scientific interest. The large number of sources of free energy accessible to such nearly collisionless plasmas makes general modeling of unstable behavior, accounting for the temperatures, densities, anisotropies, and relative drifts of a large number of populations, analytically difficult. We therefore seek a general method of stability determination that may be automated for future analysis of solar wind observations. This work describes an efficient application of the Nyquist instability method to the Vlasov dispersion relation appropriate for hot, collisionless, magnetized plasmas, including the solar wind. The algorithm recovers the familiar proton temperature anisotropy instabilities, as well as instabilities that had been previously identified using fits extracted from in situ observations in Gary et al. (2016). Future proposed applications of this method are discussed.


The Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are envisioned to offer abundant services to its users. Quality of Service (QoS) needs varies amongst users as per application requirements and user class. Hence both from the service provider as well as user point of view user differentiation is an important aspect in NGWN. Optimal revenue generation along with guaranteeing the agreed upon QoS to the users' is a challenging problem for the network service providers. With more number of users in the system more revenue will be generated, but guaranteeing the agreed upon QoS becomes difficult. Call Admission Control (CAC) directly controls the number of users in the system and hence must be carefully designed. This paper proposes a differential access model for CAC mechanism in NGWN based on the users' QoS needs. The model is based on allocating more number of channels to high priority users as compared to low priority users. The simulation results for call blocking probability of different user classes and the system are presented.


We determined the effect of efficient microorganisms (em) on the cation exchange capacity for soil recovery in the municipality of Mondoñedo, Cundinamarca. A greenhouse unit was installed in order to maintain stable conditions. After harvesting, sifted and homogenization of the soil sample, initial physical and chemical analyses were made. For the experimental units we used Acacia melanoxylon seedlings from Zabrinsky. A completely randomized design was done with eight treatments and three repetitions. For the maintenance and monitoring of the seedlings behaviour, a frequency of irrigation of three times per week was found. The Recepción: 20 de mayo de 2009 / Aprobación: 6 de agosto de 2009 Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 12: 141-160 / Diciembre 2009 FORESTAL 12.indd 141 5/18/10 4:52:37 PM Revista Colombia Forestal Vol. 12 Diciembre 2009 142 Acción de microorganismos eficientes sobre la actividad de intercambio catiónico en plántulas de Acacia... application of the em was done during three months: in the first month, it was applied four times (once a week); during the second month, it was applied twice (biweekly), and during the third month there was only one application. Additionally, every 15 days morphological analyses were made (number of leaves, branches and stem diameter). In the end, soil samples were taken from each plant pot. In the laboratory we analysed the cation exchange capacity, alkali ion exchange, saturation alkali, relations between elements and plant tissue. These were done using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses consisted on multiple comparisons test and variance tests, in order to find whether or not treatments exhibited significant differences. In that way, the best alternative for improving environmental quality of eroded soils as the Zabrinsky desert is the efficient microorganisms in 5% doses in irrigation water. Additionally, the cation exchange capacity must be enhanced using organic fertilizers (compost, mulch and gallinaza) in one pound doses, and chemical fertilizers: electrolytic Mn (0.0002 g), Cu (0.0002 g), Zn (0.0001 g), urfos 44 (166.66 g) and klip-boro (5 g).


The objective of this paper was to develop a prediction tool for the burden distribution in a charging process of a bell-less-type blast furnace using the discrete element method (DEM). The particle behavior on the rotating chute and on the burden surface was modeled, and the burden distribution was analyzed. Furthermore, the measurements of the burden distribution in a 1/3-scale experimental blast furnace were performed to validate the simulated results. Particle size segregation occurred during conveying to the experimental blast furnace. The smaller particles were initially discharged followed by the larger ones later. This result was used as an input in the simulation. The burden profile simulated using DEM was similar to the experimental one. The terrace was found at the burden surface subsequent to ore-charging, and its simulated position simulated agreed with that of the experimental result. The surface angle of the ore layer was mostly similar. The simulated ore to coke mass ratio (O/C) distribution in the radial direction and the mean particle diameter distribution correlated with the experimental results very well. It can be concluded that this method of particle simulation of the bell-less charging process is highly reliable in the prediction of the burden distribution in a blast furnace.


The utility model relates to an electric measuring and indicating instrument adjusting device, comprising an electric measuring signal generating unit used for supplying testing signal for an checked instrument, a measuring unit used for supplying standard values as the reference of the tested instrument and a microcomputer used for main control, error calculation, data management and statement generating. On a checking unit, an image collector is arranged above the checked instrument; the video output port of the image collector is connected with the input port of a digital image converter through a video transmission line; the output port of the digital image converter is connected with a corresponding port of the microcomputer; the control port of the image collector is connected with the output port of a controller of the image collector through controlling line; the input port of the controller of the image collector is connected with the control signal output port of the microcomputer through controller communication line of the image collector to control the image collector so as to realize the microcomputer parameters adjustment, such as image contrast and focal distance.


ABSTRACT: Seven hundred twenty cases of oral cavity lesions in dogs were diagnosed from 2015 to 2020 in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Four hundred thirty-two (60%) lesions were neoplastic, and 288 (40%) were non-neoplastic. Of the neoplasms, 229 (53%) were considered malignant and 203 (47%) benign, affecting mainly males, of 43 different breeds, with an average age of 9.4 years, mainly the gum and lip. Melanoma was the most (96/432, 22.2%) commonly diagnosed neoplasm, followed by peripheral odontogenic fibroma (68/432, 15.7%), papilloma (63/432, 14.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (56/432, 12.9%). Non-neoplastic lesions also affected males predominantly, from 41 different breeds, with an average age of 8.9 years, mainly in the gums, lip, and tongue. These lesions were diagnosed as inflammatory (230/288, 79.8%), hyperplastic (47/288, 16.3%) and other lesions (11/288, 3.8%).


Objective—To determine the role of leukocyte CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in the early development of atherosclerosis Methods and Results—Bone marrow cells harvested from CCR2 (−/−) and CCR2 (+/+) mice were transplanted into ApoE3–Leiden mice, a mouse strain susceptible for diet-induced atherosclerosis. Eight weeks after bone marrow transplantation, the diet of regular chow was switched to a high-cholesterol diet (1% cholesterol, 15% fat, 0.5% cholate) for another 8 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. No significant differences in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were observed between the CCR2 (+/+) → ApoE3–Leiden and CCR2 (−/−) → ApoE3–Leiden mice. However, the mean cross-sectional aortic root lesion area of CCR2 (−/−) → ApoE3–Leiden mice was only 2.94±1.94×104 &mgr;m2 compared with 20.94±12.71×104 &mgr;m2, for CCR2 (+/+) → ApoE3–Leiden mice. Thus, the absence of CCR2 on leukocytes induces an 86% reduction of aortic lesion area as compared with controls (n=10, P <0.01). Conclusion—These results provide direct evidence that CCR2 expressed by leukocytes plays a critical role in the initiation of early atherosclerosis and that pharmacological intervention in CCR2 function represents an attractive target to inhibit atherogenesis.


The bateriostasis of uncooked and cooked onion juices with different concentrations on E.coli and S.aureus was determined by the inhibition zone method to develop its function of health food and to provide reference for its deep processing.The results showed there were significant difference in bateriostasis between uncooked and cooked onion juice under the same concentration and between different concentrations of uncooked or cooked onion juice,the bateriostasis of the onion juice with higher concentration was significantly better than the onion juice with lower concentration,the bateriostasis of the uncooked onion juice with the same concentration was better than the cooked onion juice with the same concentration,and the onion juice had better bateriostasis on S.aureus than on E.coli.


A 35-year female otherwise healthy patient 2 years after renal transplantation underwent routine ultrasound examination which revealed two solid lesions within transplanted kidney. The transplantation was performed due to end-stage renal disease caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. The patient received graft from unknown cadaveric donor, the surgery was uneventful. After transplantation the patient received maintenance immunosuppression in form of combination of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. The patient was referred to MR imaging which confirmed presence of two solid lesions in transplanted kidney showing different radiologic features. The performed biopsy confirmed malignant character of both of them first lesion was lymphoma and second RCC which was removed through NSS. No other lesions were revealed. The allograft was not removed. After surgery the patient received further treatment.


The European Advisory Group on Immunisation has recommended that measles should be eliminated from Europe by the year 2007, a target accepted by National Immunisation Programme Managers for the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region countries. I


On the transfer among the rhyming categories of the ancient Chinese,academic circles have raised four categories of duizhuan,pangzhuan,pangduizhuan,tongzhuan.Through the investigation,the author found that there is another kind of transfer which could be called the pangtongzhuan among the rhyming categories.By citing the materials of the thirty rhyming transfers among the thirty rhyming categories in ancient Chinese,this paper proved the fact of rhyming transfers.


A study in general practice was performed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of nitroglycerin in spray and tablet formulations and to determine if the lack of storage precautions for the spray has clinical advantages. A total of 352 patients were randomised to receive one of the treatments for eight weeks. Spray helped the pain more and the onset of action was quicker. Spray caused fewer headaches than tablets and those experienced by spray-treated patients were milder. These differences were statistically significant (p<O.OOI). Tolerability of the medication was the same in both groups and the number of side effects reported was similar.


We investigated the plasmon absorption of Au-in-CoAl2O4 linear nanopeapod chains experimentally and theoretically. The Au-in-CoAl2O4 nanopeapods with uniform Au nanospheres (25–40 nm in radius) were synthesized by pulsed electrodeposition, followed by heat treatment, and the plasmon absorption peaks of the Au nanospheres (AuNS) embedded in CoAl2O4 red-shifted due to the size effect of the AuNS and the effect of the cladding dielectric medium. As a result of localized surface plasmon resonance, the plasmon absorption of the peapods can be modulated by tuning the size of the AuNS in CoAl2O4, and the experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated results based on Mie theory. In addition, we carried out the first-principles calculation based on the density functional theory with the LDA+U scheme to study the electronic structure and dielectric properties of CoAl2O4, and the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental data, which proves that LDA+U is a good approximation for CoAl2O4 o...


Pittman thanks Nirenberg for serving as a member of the Visiting Committee for the University of Alabama School of Medicine.
 He suggests that Nirenberg's presence "added a substantial measure of dignity and stature to the group."


fluid from tetanus patients or serum from the normal controls. This method can be used as a useful test for the diagnosis of tetanus in doubtful cases: 3 to 5 c.cm. of blood serum from the suspected patient are injected into the peritoneal cavity of a guinea-pig; the animal shows spasms, jerky movements of the head and body after a preliminary stiffness if the serum comes from a case of tetanus. An earlier diagnosis is thus possible in doubtful cases. The antitoxin in the cerebro-spinal fluid therefore acts through absorption in the blood stream. Clinically it controls the spasms better and earlier. This observation is made so often that it cannot be dismissed lightly. It is possible that the absorption is slower and steadier, and the effect of the intravenous injection is thus maintained for a longer period. The rate of absorption of the antitoxin from the cerebro-spinal fluid into the blood stream and the amount of antitoxin present in the blood from day to day after this injection are well worth study.


Raman spectra of single crystal and powdered samples of dianthracene have been recorded at temperatures from 77 to 410 K and at pressures to 32 kbar. The Raman and infrared spectra of dianthracene dispersed in KBr demonstrate the apparent stability of dianthracene under these conditions, contrary to other reports. At pressures above 10 kbar, However, a fluorescence background appeared with the Raman spectra excited with Ar and He–Ne lasers. This fluorescence is attributed to direct excitation of close-coupled sandwich-like dimer defects created and trapped in the crystal under pressure.


Since variations in tooth flank form among the teeth of a gear are one of the primary causes of noise and vibration in gear systems, the effects of these variations should be analyzed. In the present paper, a simulation program is proposed in which variations in tooth flank form among the teeth of a gear are considered. The effect of different surface finish methods on gear vibration was analyzed using the developed program. The effects of periodic change of profile and helix slope deviation on the vibrational excitation were also examined. The concept of potential gear noise, which is a noise to express directly the effect of tooth flank form of gear on the gear noise, is proposed and a sensory evaluation method is also proposed to evaluate sound level, noise quality and noise uncomfortness. Sensory evaluation result shows that, even if the gears manufactured by different grinding methods have the same tooth flank form macroscopically, they make a large difference in terms of noise quality or uncomfortness because microscopically, the tooth flank form is different among grinding methods. It can be concluded that the proposed sensory evaluation method of potential gear noise could enable gear designers to experience directly the effect of tooth flank form on the noise quality.


In recent years, the Lie group SU(7) has been featured prominently in a number of grand unification proposals involving the Standard Model as a low energy effective theory. This note investigates the framework of the SU(7) group. The antisymmetric and symmetric structure constants for the Lie algebra su (7) have been explicitly calculated from the generators for the fundamental representation of SU(7), which are also cataloged.In recent years, the Lie group SU(7) has been featured prominently in a number of grand unification proposals involving the Standard Model as a low energy effective theory. This note investigates the framework of the SU(7) group. The antisymmetric and symmetric structure constants for the Lie algebra su (7) have been explicitly calculated from the generators for the fundamental representation of SU(7), which are also cataloged.


The effects of various surgical manipulations in adult male rats were studied in order to determine what effect reductions in sensory stimuli (i.e., light and smell) would have on parameters of growth


Background Synovial fibroblasts (SF) promote chronic joint inflammation and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have shown recently that SF from different joints exhibit profound differences in their transcriptomes, epigenomes and functions, which creates a unique microenvironment in each joint. This might influence the susceptibility of distinct joints to develop RA or lead to joint-specific differences in the disease severity or therapeutic response. Objectives To analyse differences in the JAK-STAT pathway in SF from different joints. Methods SF were isolated from knee, shoulder and hand joints of RA and osteoarthritis patients undergoing joint replacement surgery and from knee synovial biopsies of non-arthritic subjects with arthralgia. Transcriptomes and epigenomes of SF were determined by RNA-seq, Illumina HiSeq 2000 n=21), ChIP-seq (Illumina HiSeq 2500, n=7) and Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip (n=12). We used MetaCore (Thomson Reuters) for the pathway enrichment analysis of RNA-seq data. SF were stimulated with IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (IL-6/sIL-6R, 50 ng/ml each). The amount of STATs and phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) was measured by Western blot with normalisation to α-tubulin. Results The JAK-STAT pathway was enriched in knee SF versus hand and shoulder SF (FDR<0.05). JAK1 (normalised reads – mean ±SD: 10673±2084) and STAT1 (15520±2678) were the top expressed Janus kinase and STAT mRNAs in SF, respectively, whereas the expression of JAK3 (40±26) and STAT4 (164±91) mRNAs was low. Looking into joint-specific differences, STAT1 mRNA was higher in knee SF and shoulder SF compared with hand SF (p<0.05, FDR<0.15). Accordingly, STAT1 protein was increased in knee SF (STAT1/α-tubulin ratio: 0.83±0.02, p=0.02, n=4) and shoulder SF (1.02±0.02, p=0.001, n=5) versus hand SF (0.57±0.02, n=3). JAK1, STAT2 and STAT5B mRNAs were higher in knee compared with hand SF (p<0.05, FDR<0.05) and STAT2 and STAT6 mRNAs were higher in knee versus shoulder SF (p<0.05, FDR<0.05). TYK2 mRNA was high in hand SF compared with shoulder and knee SF (p<0.05, FDR<0.05). SF from different joints exhibited comparable DNA methylation at the promoters of these genes. Activating histone marks H3K4me3 and/or H3K27ac were enriched at the promoters of JAK1, STAT1, STAT2 and STAT5B in knee versus hand SF. This indicated that the abundance of activating histone marks at gene promoters might shape joint-specific expression of a subset of Janus kinase and STAT genes. Stimulation of SF with IL-6/sIL-6R increased the phosphorylation of STAT3 in knee (p-STAT3/α-tubulin ratio 1.8±1.0, p=0.03, n=5) and shoulder SF (1.8±0.7, p=0.03, n=6) compared with hand SF (0.9±0.5, n=6). The basal amount of STAT3 protein and the ratio pSTAT3/STAT3 was higher in knee SF (STAT3/α-tubulin ratio: 0.8±0.1; p-STAT3/STAT3: 2.2±0.8, n=3) and shoulder SF (0.6±0.4; 2.1±1, n=4) versus hand SF (0.3±0.02; 1.0±0.4, n=2). Conclusions Here we show substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in the JAK-STAT signalling pathway in SF from different joints. Knee SF, in particular, exhibit increased expression of Janus kinase and STAT genes and enhanced JAK-STAT signalling upon stimulation with IL-6/sIL-6R. This suggests that RA in different joints might not be equally sensitive to Janus kinase inhibitors or blockade of IL-6. This has important implications in clinical practice and drug discovery in RA. Disclosure of Interest T. Masterson: None declared, K. Klein: None declared, E. Karouzakis Grant/research support from: BTCure, GSK, O. Distler Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Actelion, Bayer, BiogenIdec, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, espeRare foundation, Genentech/Roche, GSK, Inventiva, iQone, Lilly, medac, MedImmune, Mepha, MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Sinoxa and UCB, Consultant for: Abbvie, Actelion, Bayer, BiogenIdec, Boehringer Ingelheim, ChemomAb, espeRare foundation, Genentech/Roche, GSK, Inventiva, iQone, Lilly, medac, MedImmune, Mepha, MSD, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Sinoxa and UCB, C. Ospelt Grant/research support from: euroTEAM, BTCure, CABMM, IRR, Promedica, M. Frank Bertoncelj Grant/research support from: AbbVie Rheumatology grant 2017 euroTEAM, BTCure, IRR, Promedica, Georg und Berta Schwyzer Winiker Grant


Problem statement: The study of Malaysian Arabic phoneme is rarely found which make the references work difficult. Specific guideline on Malaysian subject is not found even though a lot of acoustic and phonetics research has been done on other languages such as English, French and Chinese. Approach: This study discussed about the correct and simplest way of Arabic phonemes pronunciation in Malay accent. The International Phonetic Alphabet of Arabic chart was considered as the reference of every recorded speech samples using Malaysian children for their sound localization (makhraj point) of every alphabet. The recorded sound was analysed to determine the origin of each alphabet data by measuring its formant frequencies. The consonants of Standard Arabic (SA) phonemes were studied and the appropriate place of articulation of every phoneme was measured through its formant. Results: Only seven out of 25 consonants of SA phonemes of the children's samples did not give the appropriate formants value. The formants are /kof/, [ ?], /zo/, [ ?], /kho/, [ ,[? /gheyn/, [ ?], /ha/, [ ?], /ain/, [ ?] & /ha/, [] which consider as the difficult SA to utter among Malaysian children. Conclusion/Recommendations: The values obtained are used as the reference of the database for our recognition system.


Biological damage mediated by reactive oxygen species has been increasingly recognized in aging phenomena in recent decades. The increase in catecholamine metabolism is yet another physiological change in aging, predisposing the organism to supranormal hydrogen peroxide produc- tion as a by-product. This study was under- taken to investigate the alterations in oxi- dant-antioxidant status in rat cardiac tissue during aging. The effects of acute adminis- tration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors on this status were also investigat- ed to find possible preventive strategies in conjugate aging. MAO activities, malondialde- hyde MDA and diene conjugate levels as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activi- ties were determined in the cardiac tissues of young and aging groups, each consisting of 10 rats. MAO inhibitors (deprenyl and pargy- line) were administered to another two groups of young and aging animals (10 in each group) and the same parameters were also determined in these groups. Cardiac tis- sue MAO activities (p<0.005) as well as diene conjugates (p<0.0001) and MDA levels (p<0.005) were found to be significantly higher in aging compared to young control groups. The increases in these parameters were all correlated. Acute MAO inhibitor administration caused significant decreases in MAO activities in both young (p<0.0005 with deprenyl and p<0.0001 with pargyline) and aging groups (p<0.0001 with deprenyl and p<0.00001 with pargyline). Parallel to this finding, diene conjugate and MDA levels were also found to be decreased after MAO admin- istration. Although the aging control group had manifested a decrease in antioxidant enzymes; SOD and catalase (p<0.05, both), acute administration of MAO inhibitors did not induce any significant changes in these parameters. In conclusion, our experimental data suggest that catecholamine metabolism and MAO activity may play a role in the pathological alterations in the aging cardiac tissue by serving as an important source for increased lipid peroxidation, and inhibition of this activity may play a role in limiting the clinical sequelae of these alterations.


The traffic congestion will get worse when more people utilize their cars for their trips. So, the number of people using the buses will also decrease. It then results in the more use of cars. Therefore, it lends to the pollution of the environment. To reduce the traffic demands and improve the environment, the Kanagawa Prefectual Police HQ developed a public transportation priority systems (PTPS) with a combination of some signal control methods. PTPS constitutes a subsystem of the Universal Traffic Management Systems 21 (UTMS 21) concept that is promoted by the National Police Agency. This paper describes the background of the PTPS in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Pref., illustrates the functions of the PTPS, and discusses the effectiveness of the system.


Abstract This study investigated the effects of different diet concentrate levels in animal diets as a source of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro ruminal fermentation, CH4 concentration, and methanogen abundance and diversity. Three non-lactating mature cows assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design were fed with Italian rye grass and concentrate feed at 2 (low), 5 (medium), and 8 (high) kg per animal per day were used as rumen fluid donors. The experiment consisted of three 21-d periods that each consisted of 14 d adaptation followed by 7 d of continuous feeding prior to rumen fluid collection for in vitro fermentation evaluation. High concentrate proportion produced the highest total gas in all incubation periods (p < .05) while methane (CH4) concentration was highest in low concentrate proportions and lowest in medium concentrate proportions. Propionate concentration was highest in high concentrate proportions, whereas butyrate concentration was highest in medium concentrate proportions. High concentrate proportion at 0 and 12 h and medium concentrate proportions at 12 h produced archaeal denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles that differed from those of low concentrate proportions. Medium concentrate proportion had the lowest methanogen DNA copies at 12 h of incubation (p < .05). Changes in diet influenced the rumen microbiome, CH4 concentration, and methanogen diversity and abundance in cattle. The rumen conditions of an animal, as along with the microbiome, change as the feed diet changes. As a result, the inoculum for in vitro rumen fermentation studies affects Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, CH4 production, and methanogen diversity and abundance.


In this paper, we propose a consistency management method that constructs quorums with a small number of mobile hosts in ad hoc networks. In this method, when a mobile host discovers paths to other mobile hosts that construct quorums, it restricts the propagation area of query packets. As a result, this method can reduce the communication overhead while keeping the strict consistency among replicas.


This study analyzes how banks' stability and funding risk affect their profitability in the case of Pakistan. For this purpose, data from 19 Banks were used from 2000 to 2016. The independent variable was Bank Performance for which Return on Assets was used. The dependent variables were first, Bank Stability, which was calculated as the Z-Score of RoA and Equity to Assets,  and second, Funding Risk, which was calculated as the Z-Score of Deposits to Assets Ratio and Equity to Assets. Our control variables were Bank Size, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Diversification, and Capital to Asset Ratio. Our results indicated that Funding Risk, Liquidity Risk, Credit Risk, and  Bank Size are negatively affecting bank performance whereas bank stability is positively affecting bank performance. From the result of size, we may conclude that in the case of Pakistan, Larger Banks are not getting the benefits of economies of scale. Our findings suggest that policymakers and banking institutions in Pakistan should prioritize efforts to enhance bank stability and mitigate funding risk in order to improve bank profitability.


In copolymerization systems with implicit penultimate effect, there are two radical reactivity ratios, s a and s b , which influence the reaction kinetics in addition to the monomer reactivity ratios, r a and r b , which govern the copolymer composition. Here, an error in variables method has been developed to determine s a and s b . It is based on continuous on-line monitoring of the polymerization process, where monomer and polymer concentrations are measured through the monitoring of two independent properties of the system. The ratios and the corresponding Χ 2 values were found by taking into account errors emanating from measurements and from calibration of the instruments. It is shown that the kinetic data allows both ratios to be found if both monomer reactivity ratios are less than one. If the system is near ideality (r a r b ≅ 1) or if both reactivities are greater than one, only an average radical reactivity ratio, s, can be reliably determined.


We assume that 15 stations are set at the key points in a certain city and suitable number of small cars are distributed to each station and that basic 0-D data of trip between any two of these stations are given. In our simulation, passengers who take on cars at their stations are generated by using random number. If there is no car in a car pool and no arrival car, passengers generated at the station are set to be waiting until available cars appear. The redistribution process which redistributes the cars intentionally from some stations to other stations to regulate the number of parking cars at each station is taken in account. We observe the system behavior and stability by paying attention to the average waiting time of passengers in the simulation. We find out appropriate number of cars and redistribution capacity to realize some satisfactory service level of the system and keep the system stable. It is found that redistribution prccess reduces the necessary number of cars to realize some service level as well as keeps the system stable, but excessive redistribution capacity is not necessarily effective on improving the system performance.


In an attempt to elucidate the relationships between some pyridine nucleotide-dependent dehydrogenases in Bacillus subtilis, such as alanine dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, these enzymes are being purified and characterized with respect to their chemical, serological, and enzymic properties. In two previous papers (1, 2), the purification and properties of alanine dehydrogenase have been reported. This paper elaborates the isolation and crystallization of malate dehydrogenase (L-malate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 126.96.36.199) as well as its molecular weight and amino acid composition. Although malate dehydrogenase activity in microorganisms is usually higher than that of several other dehydrogenases which participate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, it has not yet, to the author's knowledge, been purified from bacteria, nor have its chemical and enzymic properties been reported. B. subtilis strain 60-180 (a derivative of the Marburg strain), as well aas other Marburg derivatives, produces malate dehydrogenaee "constitutively": the malate dehydrogenase activity is much stronger than that of alanine dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase if the latter enzymes are not induced or derepressed. The enzyme can therefore be obtained in large quantities from ba,ct,eria grown in any growth medium.


TFP5/TP5 rescues dopaminergic neurodegeneration induced by MPTP in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective effect of TFP5/TP5 peptide is also associated with marked reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Selective inhibition of Cdk5/p25 by TFP5/TP5 peptide identifies the kinase as a potential target to reduce neurodegeneration in PD.


Weaning is actually a maternal separation, characterized by maternal reduction of resources, therefore is both psychologically and energetically stressful to the offspring. Weaning is an important period of life and its timing may influence the resilence for later stress. One of the most important stress‐related disorder is gastric ulceration. Weaning is actually a maternal separation, characterized by maternal reduction of resources, therefore is both psychologically and energetically stressful to the offspring. Therefore we aimed to investigate the sensitivity of gastric mucosa to cold (at 14°C) water immersion stress (WIS for 3h) in adult (75‐day‐old) female and male rats after weaning them at different timepoints (at 17, 21, 30, 36 or 42 postnatal days). The connection with stress was studied by comparing control groups to those underwent WIS at the time of weaning and measuring corticosterone levels at the time of collecting the stomach samples. The timing of weaning has strong impact on all studied parameters. Stress‐induced erosion development was the smallest in rats weaned at 36‐day independently from preconditioning with WIS at weaning, or sex, despite a clear sex‐effect on blood corticosterone levels and body weight. WIS at weaning influenced only the body weight in adult rats weaned at 30‐day, being higher in stressed than in control groups. Erosion area significantly correlated with blood corticosterone level at weaning non‐stressed females. Taken together our results confirm that the timing of weaning has long‐lasting impact on the resiliance of gastric mucosa to ulcerogenic stressful events. The postnatal day 30–36 seems to be the optimal for weaning as both earlier and later weaning increased vulnerability. In conclusion, in contrast to the general practice, weaning at the postnatal day 30–36 would be optimal for rats leading to maximal mucosal resistance. Additional stress at weaning does not make too much difference.


Despair is a stronger form of sadness than envy because it reflects deep inner turmoil. While it is difficult to measure mental states of animals, many behavioural studies imply that at least some social animals can become despondent: but can they reach a state of despair? Søren Kierkegaard considered despair and anxiety integral to the human condition; for him, anxiety was the prelude to original sin and the state of sin was a state of despair. Ignatius of Loyola also recognized periods of desolation as well as consolation in the spiritual life, which suggests that desolation might have a place in the human journey to God. This chapter will explore how one might distinguish licit forms of desolation, which facilitate the journey toward God, from illicit forms, which lead to fear and sin. The vice of acedia has a fascinating history. In monastic communities, it was viewed as an attack of the noonday demon and in more secularized contexts it was seen as laziness. This chapter argues that struggles to interpret the presence of acedia through history are illuminating in working out the different sources of the vice of acedia and its explicit location in the human mind. Of all the cardinal vices, acedia is the one that is arguably the most explicit with respect to its damaging impact on the religious life and its distinctive appearance in the human condition.


Observations of the optical properties of the ocean are important for resolving several issues, including primary productivity, biogeochemical cycling, health of the ocean (e.g., harmful algal blooms), upper ocean heating, and underwater visibility. The present review describes some enabling technologies that can be used to greatly increase the variety and quantity of optical observations and to expand their time-space sampling domains. The technologies explained here involve a variety of optical sensors and systems and ocean observing platforms. Remote sensing of ocean color from aircraftand satellite-borne instruments is vital to obtain regionaland global-scale optical data synoptically. In situ observations are essential for calibration and validation of remotely sensed data as well as for algorithm development. In situ systems also provide complementary subsurface and high temporal resolution data sets. Developing a framework for synthesizing optical data obtained from state-of-the-art and emerging optical sensors and oceanographic platforms and for utilizing these data in predictive models is an important challenge.


Since the report by one of us (W. W. H. 1 ) in December, 1921, of eight cases of auricular fibrillation in which quinidin sulphate was administered, we have observed and treated ten additional cases. In this paper we shall present (1) a further study of the cases previously reported; (2) the details of treatment and observation in ten new cases, and (3) the results and conclusions obtained from our experience with these eighteen cases in connection with a critical survey of the literature up to the present time. In spite of lack of complete knowledge of the pharmacology of quinidin, its indications and contraindications in practice, and the occasional reports of serious untoward effects (paralyses, embolism and death), interest in its therapeutic use continues to grow. Reports and studies in quinidin therapy have appeared so fast during the past year, especially during the past six months, that it is well-nigh


The status of techniques for the production of sheets, ribbons, and foils of silicon for solar cells is reviewed. Technical problems and economic constraints are analyzed. The horizontal support web technique relies on a wedge-shaped growth interface which decouples the pulling velocity and the growth velocity which are nearly perpendicular to each other. The growing ribbon floats on a silicon melt that is contained in a long silicon crucible and is withdrawn to one side. In the ramp assistant foil technique, the silicon melt is contained in a relatively flat crucible that is open on one side. A preheated substrate is moved across this opening, and some of the melt solidifies on the surface. The silicon-sheets-from-powder technique starts from Si powder or granular silicon (grain size: 50-500 mu m). Three steps are needed to obtain the final ribbon. It is concluded that although the basic ideas as well as the results of these three methods are very distinct, evaluation of their respective merits is difficult.<<ETX>>


Abstract. Analytical models for optical channel crosstalk in short-range free space optical interconnect systems are proposed. The diffraction crosstalk noise is modeled as a function of many parameters of the interconnect system, including the interconnect distance, the interconnect spacing, and the photo-detector size. The dependence of crosstalk noise on different systems' parameters is discussed and evaluated using the proposed models. It is shown that optimum parameters for the optical system and the detectors array can be easily determined to optimize and improve the interconnect performance. The effect of high modes of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs), VCSEL aperture, and the incident angle of the VCSEL beam on crosstalk are also discussed.


We study the changes of the mass and width of the sigma meson in the framework of the Linear Sigma Model at finite temperature, in the one-loop approximation. We have found that as the temperature increases, the mass of sigma shifts down. We have also analyzed the σ-spectral function and we observe an enhancement at the threshold which is a signature of partial restoration of chiral symmetry, also interpreted as a tendency to chiral phase transition. Additionally, we studied the width of the sigma, when the threshold enhancement takes place, for different values of the sigma mass. We found that there is a brief enlargement followed by an abrupt fall in the width as the temperature increases, which is also related with the restoration of chiral symmetry and an indication that the sigma is a bound state of two pions.


Candida albicans SAP4 gene encodes secretory aspartyl protease Sap4 which is involved in hyphae formation and virulence. Transcriptional factors Cph1 and Efg1 govern the expression of several C. albicans genes and contribute to morphogenesis. We investigated the expression of SAP4 in C. albicans clinical isolate and mutants lacking Efg1 or/ and Cph1 grown in human serum and during contact with Caco-2 cell line. mRNA was analyzed with the use of RT-PCR; relative quantification was normalized against an ACT1 in cells after 18-h growth either in serum or on monolayer as well as in their counterparts in YEPD medium. We assessed the role of Sap4, Efg1 and Cph1 in adhesion of C. albicans to epithelial cells. Additionally, adherence assay was performed with sap4/sap4. Adhesion was expressed as a percent of adherent cells to monolayer at 90 min vs. total cells added (100%). No differences were observed in adhesion of efg1/efg1 and sap4/sap4 compared with SC5314 (P≥0.05 statisitically insignificant). SAP4 expression indicated that it is not involved in adapting to the tested conditions. SAP4 expression can be strainspecific and is not solely controlled by the Efg1 pathway but also by the Cph1 pathway. Neither Efg1 nor Sap4 can influence adhesion.


1. Harsoor SS, Rani DD, Lathashree S, Nethra SS, Sudheesh K. Effect of intraoperative Dexmedetomidine infusion on sevoflurane requirement and blood glucose levels during entropy‐guided general anesthesia. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2014;30:25‐30. 2. Jüni P, Altman DG, Egger M. Systematic reviews in health care: Assessing the quality of controlled clinical trials. BMJ 2001;323:42‐6. 3. Whitley E, Ball J. Statistics review 4: Sample size calculations. Crit Care 2002;6:335‐41.


This paper relates the best practices in Log preprocessing in Petrophysics which
are necessary to have a good model for Facies and Permeability. The well-logs which
were used for the Electrofacies modeling and permeability modeling consist of
Gamma-Ray(GR), Bulk Density Porosity(RHOB) Neutron porosity(NPHI).
Meanwhile, the model distinct type of facies consists of sand, Shaly sand, and shale.
Precise Electrofacies sorting was accomplished by the Multi-Resolution Graph-based
Clustering (MRGC). The improvement in the Logs from the Well-X1 after undergoing
pre-processing like Log Normalization, Compaction Effect Removal, Fluid Effect
Removal returned the logs to their natural states and were used as input into Multi-
Resolution Graph-based Clustering (MRGC) model to produce better output Facies
and Permeability when compared to the Output which did not undergo preprocessing.
These practices can be utilized to validate very good Facies and
Permeability Models


We describe and evaluate an educational software tool called Educational Active SYstem for Numerical Methods (EASyNuM) which provides teaching support for undergraduate courses of numerical methods. We show our teaching experience results using several tests on a group of students in order to obtain evidence of the advantages of using this tool. Tests results suggest that, using the system, students understand better some of the concepts. We also show students' opinion through their answers to some questions related to their experience with the system. .


Inspired by the architectures composed of hard and soft materials in natural systems, synthetic hybrid structures have evoked significant interest in scientific and engineering communities. The dichotomy presented by the disparate physical properties of the hard and soft components offers considerable opportunities for novel architectures in a wide range of applications.[1,2] As the nature of the interface bridging the hard and soft materials often dictates the resultant properties and unique phenomena in these structures, the study of these junctions is important for both natural and engineered hybrid systems.[3]


The present invention relates to an optical ring network CAN bus, CAN transceiver does not use the CAN bus in a ring network, a ring network using optical fiber CAN bus as the transmission medium. On the ring fiber CAN network, each node includes a CAN module and a photoelectric conversion dedicated optical ring network CAN interface. CAN bus fiber ring network of the present invention, can eliminate clogging fiber ring network CAN, CAN network communication entire fiber reliable, simple, strong anti-interference. So that the anti-interference ability is better than the current fiber optic network CAN CAN twisted-pair network to meet the needs of harsh industrial site.


This paper is divided into two cases to study the communication transmission equipment reliability in the state of the ice storm, according to the huge losses of power system communication caused by the ice storm. For the nodes or links which are not affected by the ice storm, we use the calculation with "the mean time between failures (MTBF)" and "the mean time to repair" (MTTR) to put forward the calculation methods; for the OPGW cable which influenced greater in ice storm, we use the fiber excess length and the elongation of fiber optic cable. It obtains all the paths of the network through improved adjacency matrix method, and then it uses binary decision diagram to obtain the overall reliability of the network. By testing the network nodes and links using "N-1" inspection, the key nodes and key links can be obtained. Finally, considering the importance degree of network transmission business, the reliability evaluation method of power system communication network based on the risk theory in the case of the ice storm has been put forward, and the example to verify that the method can provide the basis for the reliability assessment of the power system communication in the case of the ice storm has been given.


Summary
Phyllosilicates and zeolites grew in Columbia River sediments during hydrothermal experiments at relatively low temperatures and pressures. Although the new minerals may not be equilibrium assemblages, our results strongly support the idea that matrix minerals in graywackes may be the result of alteration of components thermodynamically unstable in the environment of diagenesis. Scanning electron micrographs show that the new minerals have formed as a mesh-like coating on original grains. The textural relationship of the new minerals to the original minerals resembles graywacke texture.


Introduction The ultimate goal for cow/calf producers is to obtain one live calf from each cow, every year. Unfortunately most beef cattle operations fail to achieve an annual 100% calving rate. For a producer to ensure that each cow calves on a yearly basis, cows are required to conceive within 83 days after calving. Many beef cattle have not even resumed their estrous cycles by this point, especially cows that have given birth to their first calf! Several factors contribute to delaying the onset of estrous cycles in postpartum cows; however, nutrition and suckling are the two critical factors that tend to dictate when cows begin to cycle. Because most beef cows are suckled within the first few months after calving, nutrition becomes the major component that can be managed to enhance productivity of beef cows. Yet, we must keep in mind that the goal of sound nutritional management, in a beef production setting, is to satisfy the cow's reproductive needs.


The present investigation demonstrates cartilage healing in experimental defects in rabbits ears. The authors confirm the importance of the presence of the perichondrium. Ears X-irradiated with disages of 2 000-4 000 R show a reduced healing capacity as compared with control ears.


The refrigeration requirements are stringent in the countries which have ample sunshine and, the technological solutions based upon solar radiations for meeting the refrigeration requirements could a boon. The present work deals with the development of a diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle based refrigeration system operated by solar energy. This study focuses on the thermodynamic modelling of NH 3 – H 2 O diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle with helium as pressure equalizing gas. Results obtained from the parametric analysis show that 1.3% profit in refrigerating effect is observed when 3 °C sub-cooling occurs in condenser. The coefficient of performance gain gets up to 23% for ammonia mass fraction ranges from 0.28 to 0.58 as compared to the DAR cycle using saturated condensed liquid. A loss of 3.02% in coefficient of performance is seen for 10°C decrease in evaporator temperature. A range of the generator temperature lies between 140°C≤ T g ≥ 160°C is best suited for optimum coefficient of performance.


The study investigates the relationship of distributed leadership with teachers' self-efficacy and the role of contextual factor as mediator in Residential Schools (RS) and National Secondary School (NSS) in Malaysia. The total of 831 teachers representing 17 schools have participated in the study. The findings show a moderately high, positive correlation and significant relationship (r=0.50) between distributed leadership with teachers' self-efficacy. The analysis reports that teachers' self-efficacy is relatively high in Residential School (min=4.35) compared to National Secondary School (min=4.33). This finding shows that there are no significant differences in teacher self-efficacy in regards to the type of school they are currently teaching. The Structural Equation Modelling analysis of the research model shows the coefficient of determination value or R2 is 0.36. The statistic indicates that distributed leadership variable and contextual factor explained 36% of the variance of teacher self-efficacy. The remaining 64% may occur due to other influences that are not within the range of this study. The findings suggest some theoretical implications and recommendations on the role and effect of distributed leadership on teachers' self-efficacy in Malaysian secondary school.


Objectives: Knowledge of the natural course of acute pancreatitis (AP) and risk of progression to chronic pancreatitis (CP) is limited. The aims were to describe: (1) the incidence of progression from AP to CP, (2) prognostic factors for progression, and (3) the natural course and mortality of progressive AP. Methods: During 1977 to 1982, patients admitted to hospitals in Copenhagen with a diagnosis of AP or CP were included in a prospective cohort and followed up by the Danish registries in 2008. The subcohort analyses comprised 352 AP patients. Results: Progressive AP was found in 85 patients (24.1%) during follow-up; 48.2% developed from alcoholic AP, 47.0% from idiopathic AP, and 4.8% from other causes. The mortality rate for patients with progressive AP was 2.7 times higher than in patients with nonprogressive acute pancreatitis, and 5.3 to 6.5 times higher than in the background population. In Cox regression analyses corrected for age, only smoking was of significance for the progression from AP to CP. Conclusions: Acute pancreatitis can progress to CP, not only from alcoholic but also from nonalcoholic AP. Smoking was the strongest risk factor associated with progression. The mortality rate for these patients was 5 to 6 times the mortality rate in the population.Abbreviations: AP - acute pancreatitis, CP - chronic pancreatitis, CPS - Copenhagen pancreatitis study, ERCP - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, HR - hazard ratio, ICD - International Classification of Diseases, NAP - nonprogressive acute pancreatitis, PAP - progressive acute pancreatitis


---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The rail accidents are increasing day by day and this is because of improper maintenance of rail roads which leads to crack in railway tracks hence the proper maintenance should be provided and cracks should be detected to avoid such bad situations. But this is difficult to determine manually hence the solution is provided here. For reducing the derailments, the crack detection systems were designed using various techniques. This paper introduces the detection of cracks in rail roads using ultrasonic and PIR sensor. This system mainly consists of PIR sensor, ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, GPs module and GSM modem, IR sensor. The IR sensor helps to detect the cracks and the PIR sensor is used to detect the presence of human on rail roads. The ultrasonic sensors help for measuring the distance and the exact location of crack is obtained using GPS module. The communication is done through GSM technique. After detecting the crack the message is send to nearest station with location of crack. This system is simple in operation and advantageous over both day and night crack detection. There are several different techniques to detect the cracks but this technique of crack detection has less costing and gives more accurate result.


We have obtained theoretically equations for computing sensitivity coefficients of wellbore pressures and water-oil ratio on two-phase problems in low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs based on Wu's rigorous adjoint method. The equations are simplified into the Darcy flow case when the threshold pressure gradient is equal to zero. Our method can be used to estimate reservoir parameters as well as to solve strong nonlinear inverse problems.


Modern trends in electrochemical sensing deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), particularly the use of electrochemical sensors for detection of DNA damage or hybridization, are discussed. Applications of electrochemical methods such as AC voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry and constant current chronopotentiometry as well as use of mercury and carbon electrodes are presented. Special attention is paid to application of Hg amalgams and carbon (pyrolytic graphite, C paste or glassy C) electrodes for monitoring reduction and oxidation processes (label-free detection). Techniques and procedures used for DNA labeling with electroactive tags such as transition-metal (Os, Ru, Cu) complexes or redox mediators are described. DNA interactions with heavy metal ions, drugs, and proteins are also mentioned. The review does not intend to give a complete overview of the topics considered but, rather, to present some historic consequences and modern electrochemical methods used in DNA research.


The Upper Ordovician Grog Brook Group is composed of 1) a lower siltstone-dominated unit, 2) a thin-bedded carbonaceous and sulphidic shale unit, and 3) an upper sandstone-dominated unit. In the north-central part of the map area, which is traversed by Ritchie Brook, these units are spatially associated with magnetic and Ni-Co stream-silt anomalies. Twenty-one samples were collected along Ritchie Brook and analyzed for selected major and trace elements. The MnO content is higher in the sandstone-dominated unit than in the lower two units. Organic carbon content is greater within the lower two units, reflecting more reducing conditions and/or higher organic productivity at the time of deposition. The major-element content of the carbonaceous shale unit is indistinguishable from that of the siltstone-dominated unit. Although the carbonaceous shale is weakly 'metalliferous', it is not the source of the Ni and Co anomalies identified in the area. An unknown subjacent source is inferred. 1 Project funded by the NATMAP Appalachian Foreland and Platform Architecture in Quebec, New Brunswick and Newfoundland: Contribution to the Geological Bridges of Eastern Canada. Current Research 2002-D5 1 J.I. Carroll Resume : Le Groupe de Grog Brook (Ordovicien superieur) est compose des unites suivantes : 1) une unite inferieure a dominance de siltstone, 2) une unite de minces lits de shale carbonace et sulfureux et 3) une unite superieure a dominance de gres. Dans la partie centre nord de la region cartographique, laquelle est traversee par le ruisseau Ritchie, ces unites sont spatialement associees a des anomalies magnetiques et des anomalies en Ni-Co de sediments silteux de ruisseau. Vingt et un echantillons ont ete recoltes le long du ruisseau Ritchie et analyses pour des elements majeurs et en traces specifiques. Le contenu en MnO est plus eleve dans l'intervalle superieur greseux que dans les deux unites inferieures. La teneur en carbone organique est plus grande dans les deux unites inferieures, refletant des conditions plus reductrices et/ou une plus grande productivite organique au temps de depot. Le contenu en elements majeurs du shale carbonace est indifferentiable de celui de l'unite a dominance de siltstone. Bien que le shale carbonace soit faiblement metallifere, il n'est pas la source des anomalies en Ni et Co identifiees dans la region. La presence d'une source inconnue a faible profondeur est deduite.


This paper will discuss a number of copyright decisions that were handed down in the year 2002, with a particular eye to the economic considerations and consequences of each. A consideration of economics in its correct theoretical structure can help legal participants construct ordered arguments and nuanced decisions that are proper components of good jurisprudence. A key economic distinction among the uses of primary copyrighted works inheres in the difference between (1) superseding works that directly supplant sales of the original, (2) derivatives in different media "that creators of original works would in general develop or license others to develop" in "traditional, reasonable, or likely to be developed markets" and (3) transformative works that "add something new, with a further purpose or different character, altering the first with new expression, meaning, or message." Each potential infringement may present a distinct market harm to the primary rights owner; substantially similar copies may supersede direct sales of her copyrighted product, derivative works may competitively interfere with her actual or potential ability to produce a related work or license others to do the same, and transformative works may avoid obtaining a license but is less likely to affect adversely any direct sales.


Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has evolved considerably. Along with the improvements in procedural techniques and patients care, many centers are adopting an ever more "minimalist" TAVR approach. Despite the potential risk for stroke, conduction abnormalities, bleeding, and kidney injury after TAVR, the feasibility and safety of next-day discharge for carefully selected patients is already supported by several studies across different centers and geographies. In the spirit of the times, with the world pandemic leading health societies to release guidelines that allow optimized patients care while minimizing COVID-19 exposure, Perdoncin et al. in this issue of Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions demonstrate the feasibility of same day discharge (SDD) after TAVR. In a single-center retrospective analysis, none of the highly selected 29 TAVR patients had died, had a stroke or needed a new pacemaker implantation and/or experienced readmission to the hospital (due to cardiovascular reason) at 30 days. These outstanding results commenced not only with the high-technical skills of the Emory hospital operators, but also with careful patients triage, starting with demographics and continuing with cautious discharge criteria and planning. The authors should be congratulated for their work and results. At the same time, it is important to stress that the study describes a highly selected cohort and that the selection of patients raises serious question about the external validity of the authors experience. On one hand, it limits the eligibility for SDD discharge for most TAVR patients. On the other hand, it utilizes useful and practical criteria that identify a subgroup of the patients potentially suitable for very early discharge after TAVR. Focus should be set not only upon the patient and the procedural characteristics, but also on social support, tight ambulatory follow-up potential and healthcare team involvement and consensus that hospitalization is no longer required beyond the day of operation. There are three major concerns with early discharge after TAVR. The first is the occurrence of stroke, a potentially devastating and unpredictable event. Notably, embolic protection devices (commonly used selectively in patients judged to be at high stroke risk) were used in a quarter of SDD patients. The second concern is related to the large bore access site complication and bleeding. Although most bleeding events occur within hours after TAVR, SDD seems like a potential risk. The authors did not describe the closure device used but does mention that all access was imaging guided and that Protamine sulfate medication was used in all (but 1) SDD patients. Last but not least are electrical conduction disturbances. While according to the study it appears that the 30-day event rate are relatively low for patients who did not develop conduction delay during or shortly after the procedure, the small number of cases does not allow good assessment and reassurance. As the SDD cohort included only five patients with a self-expandable valve, this study should not apply for TAVR using a self-expandable valve that are associated with higher conduction disturbances risk. Taken together, this article adds another piece to the puzzle and nicely demonstrates that TAVR continues to evolve and develop. At the same time, the article brings the reader to pause and contemplate, asking: how much less is more for the TAVR patients?


We propose an anomaly detection method that uses Gaussian mixture models for characterizing the scene background in hyperspectral images. First, the full spectrum is divided into several contiguous band groups for dimensionality reduction as well as for exploiting the peculiarities of different parts of the spectrum. Then, sparse spectral unmixing is performed for identifying significant endmembers in the scene, and hierarchical clustering in the abundance space is used for identifying pixel groups that contain these endmembers. Next, these pixel groups are used for initializing individual Gaussian mixture models that are estimated separately for each spectral band group. Finally, the Gaussian mixture models for all groups are fused for obtaining the final anomaly map for the scene. Comparative experiments showed that the proposed method performed better than two other density-based anomaly detectors, especially for small false positive rates, on an airborne hyperspectral data set.


The gating modifier toxins are a large family of protein toxins that modify either activation or inactivation of voltage-gated ion channels. ω-Aga-IVA is a gating modifier toxin from spider venom that inhibits voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by shifting activation to more depolarized voltages. We identified two Glu residues near the COOH-terminal edge of S3 in the α1A Ca2+ channel (one in repeat I and the other in repeat IV) that align with Glu residues previously implicated in forming the binding sites for gating modifier toxins on K+ and Na+ channels. We found that mutation of the Glu residue in repeat I of the Ca2+ channel had no significant effect on inhibition by ω-Aga-IVA, whereas the equivalent mutation of the Glu in repeat IV disrupted inhibition by the toxin. These results suggest that the COOH-terminal end of S3 within repeat IV contributes to forming a receptor for ω-Aga-IVA. The strong predictive value of previous mapping studies for K+ and Na+ channel toxins argues for a conserved binding motif for gating modifier toxins within the voltage-sensing domains of voltage-gated ion channels.


It is necessary to research the second development issue of Lego NXT robot with the Lego NXT robot system in-depth spread in middle school and primary school.Using SDK document FantomSDK of LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT robot system,C++ programming,combining with LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT Bluetooth Developer Kit files,to realize NXT equipment complete control instead of NXT-G and RoboLab software,complete the NXT device in full control task to help and support teenagers and teachers on technological innovation with LEGO NXT robot system.


hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs have been documented as having widespread roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, roles of long noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma remain unclear. This study is to investigate the clinical relevance and biological functions of long noncoding RNA 91H in osteosarcoma. Herein, we confirmed that 91H expression was notably increased in osteosarcoma patients and cell lines compared to healthy controls and normal human bone cell lines. High expression of 91H was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage, chemotherapy after surgery, and tumor size .5 cm. Furthermore, 91H was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in osteosarcoma patients after treatments. Additionally, the knockdown of 91H expression inhibited osteosarcoma cells' proliferation and promoted their apoptosis in vitro. In summary, these findings indicate that 91H may be a novel biomarker for risk prognostication and also provide a clue to the molecular etiology of osteosarcoma.


The excellent treatment of solid state detector systems continues in chapter XVII, which deals with their application to quantitative analysis. The specialized subjects of light-element analysis and thin-film analysis are dealt with in the succeeding chapters. The importance of light-element analysis to mineralogy is obvious but that of thinfilm analysis less so. However the increasing use of analytical electron microscopy in mineralogy makes even this chapter relevant to some mineralogists. Despite the fact that any description of applications must become dated the final chapter serves as a useful indication of the wide range of problems to which microanalysers have been applied. Mineralogy and more specifically meteoritics, fields in which the author is particularly experienced, take up the lion's share of this chapter. The book ends with a useful appendix on X-ray spectra. This well-written book should be essential reading for all microprobe analysts; it has the added advantage of appearing at a time when no major changes in the technique can be forseen. PAUL SUDDABY


this area for vegetation studies some very unupianta amma Folm linearia> marglnes cuiati_ Ab sual specimens of Dianthus were collected by Dianthus cyri etD. tripunctatus vero statura min Ergin Hamzaoglu and Mustafa Aydogdu. ReQre 3_J5 cm hracteolis brevwrls quam tubis V HCrbana of Hacettepe University calycibus 8_1Q mm l is dlffert Marginibus (HUB), Gazi University (GAZI) and Kinkkale , • . n <... ;T . . ,, , , ; . calycum inconspicuis, 0.5 mm latis. University (ADO) showed that these specimens are representatives of a species new to science Type: Turkey. B4 Aksaray: Tuz Golii (Salt Lake), (Fig. 1). Thirty-four specimens of D. aydogduii Uluki5la dan Tuz Golu ne dogru kuzeye gidi§, 950 m, 6 J F ' 6 24.VI.1999 E. Hamzaoglu & M. Aydogdu 2432 (holotype ADO; isotypes HUB, GAZI, ANK and Hrb. Yildtrmh) were examined for this study which were com pared with the closely related species D. cyri Fisch. & Mey. and D. tripunctatus Sibth. & Sm. RepreAnnual, 3-15 cm. Lower cauline leaves 1-1.5 sentative specimens of D. cyri (nine specimens mm wide, linear, apex subulate, margins ciliate. belonged to two localities) and D. tripunctatus Inflorescence freely branched, pedicels 5-15 mm. (eight specimens belonged to seven localities) are Bracteoles 4, bases adpressed or more or less cited below. The measurements were compared spreading, shorter than calyx tube. Calyx ver with Reeve (1967) and a distribution map (Fig. 2) ruculose, 8-10 x 2.5—4 mm, narrowed slightly was prepared according to the localities we exabove, tube nervose; teeth 3-5 mm, lanceolate, amined and found specimens and the citations of nervose, green-tipped, margins membranous in Reeve (1967) and Dalci (1986a, 1986b). conspicuous, not more than 0.5 mm wide. Petals


Rare earth metal modified nickel oxides have been prepared by coprecipitation method, and which catalytic behaviour of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODE) to ethylene has been researched The results indicated that the catalytic behaviour of ODE have been apparent improved on the rare earth metal oxide modified nickel oxide catalysts With the Raman spectroscopy preliminary investigation, it has been found a good relation between the catalytic activity of the catalyst and the Raman band area of O - 2, which located at 1060cm -1 So it was proposed that the active oxygen species of ODE to ethylene reaction is the O - 2, which on the catalyst surface


The first total synthesis of the edelweiss constituent leoligin is reported, together with the first pharmacological evaluation of the parent compound and some of its analogs.