A quasi-neutral, steady-state, one-dimensional axial fluid model for the hollow cathode insert region is presented in this work. As a consequence of variable separation and decoupling, wall reactions appear together with collisions as source or sink terms in the fluid equations. Local balances and global conservations of particle, momentum, and energy are discussed. Two operational regimes are identified, named the LIO (Low Ionization) and the HIO (High Ionization) regimes. In the HIO regime, intense ionization draws neutral density maximum towards the inlet. Further downstream, neutral density drops sharply and it is followed by a region with ion wall loss more than ionization. The occurrence of such a region distinguishes the HIO regime from the LIO regime. Regardless of the regimes, plasma density and ionization degree increase with discharge voltage. Nevertheless, electron temperature drops in the LIO regime and increase in the HIO regime. In the HIO regime, more discharge voltage results in ions to be more backward directed by collisional forces and the electron pressure at the anode sheath edge drops with respect to that at the inlet sheath edge. For enhanced thermionic emission from the insert, the cathode tends to work more in the HIO regime. Juan de la Cierva Research Fellow, Bioingenieŕıa e Ingenieŕıa Aeroespacial, email@example.com. Assistant Professor, Bioingenieŕıa e Ingenieŕıa Aeroespacial, email@example.com. Professor, Bioingenieŕıa e Ingenieŕıa Aeroespacial, firstname.lastname@example.com .


The concentrations of Ce141 and Ce144 in rain were measured at Fayetteville, Arkansas, during the period between November 1964 and December 1965. The Ce141/Ce144 data indicate that the radiocerium isotopes produced by the May 14, 1965, Chinese nuclear test explosion traveled eastward and circled around the world at least twice. The mean tropospheric residence halftime of the cerium isotopes was calculated to be approximately 40 days. Measurements of variations of the ratios Ce144/Sr90, Ce141/Sr89, and Ce141/Ba140 in rain yielded experimental evidences for the atmospheric fractionation of nuclear debris.


BP network based on experimental risk minimization is easy plunging into local minimization in forecasting the city road traffic flow. Aiming at this defect, a new prediction method SVMR model based on structural risk minimization is proved being useful in short-time forecasting of the city road traffic flow.


ABSTRACT The structural instability of Cd2Ta2O7 (CTO) is studied by first-principles calculations. All of the zone-center phonons for the cubic CTO with symmetry have real frequencies. However, one soft mode at the X-point with an imaginary frequency of 17.5 cm−1 is found. By freezing in this soft mode we obtain an energetically favorable structure with Pnma symmetry. The Pnma phase is centrosymmetric and thus is not ferroelectric. Detailed analysis indicates that the Pnma phase CTO is antiferroelectric. Thus our results approve that the phase transition reported experimentally is an antiferroelectric transition.


A fragmentary polyphonic takes on questions of Yugofuturism in relation to contemporary dance practices / compulsory psychoanalytic references mixed with personal essay escapades and some easy fiction / a self-archiving cyborgian script-loop of hopeful pessimism and an optimistic approach
 to failure / mindful stealing from wiser prophets / do not get your hopes up / there is no easy way to say this.


For several decades, the role of Muslim female in political arena is limited and still dominated by Muslim male figures. Religious doctrines seem to take part in constructing women into social life. Women are still perceived as secondary person before men, having much emotional feelings, and incapable to handle such social problems. It has been much demonstrated by traditional scholars that the providence of men is being a leader, having much power, and is rightly superior to women. In this case, contemporary feminist Muslim such like Fatima Mernissi, Riffat Hassan, Asghar Ali Engineer, and Fazlur Rahman has contended this notion. They argue that there was possibly different impression on the interpretation of Qur'an that affects Qura'nic worldview towards the existence of women. According to them, Qur'an was precisely revealed to liberate women from social subjection. This article scrutinizes methodological framework in establishing a new light of understanding Qur'anic verse on women, especially on the issues on the origins of women creature, leadership, attestation and the right for inheritance.


The DC-link capacitor in power electronic systems is one of the most vulnerable components in terms of reliability. Since a reliable design of the DC-link capacitor depends on an accurate estimation of its current ripple, this paper proposes analytical equations to model the influence of dead-time on the input current ripple of a three-phase voltage source inverter. The effect of dead-time is modeled as a delay in the rising edges of the input current waveform. The proposed analytical equations are derived and then verified by simulations and experiments. The proposed equations generally provide better accuracy in predicting the input current ripple value compared to the benchmark equations. From the simulation and experimental results, the proposed equations are optimized for dead-time values more than 0.7 μs and modulation indices less than or equal to 0.7. Limitations of the proposed equations are also discussed. For small phase displacements and high modulation indices (0.8 to 1), the accuracy decreases because of the influence of AC output current ripple. For small modulation indices (less than 0.2) and a high value of dead-time (2 μs), the accuracy also decreases due to distortion in the phase current waveforms.


When placed in a buccal or water, rapid disintegration, have solubility, it has a hardness as not to collapse in the manufacturing process and distribution process, excellent storage stability, yet be taken with water the pravastatin sodium tablets and bioavailability to provide equivalent pravastatin sodium orally fast disintegrating tablets. Providing pravastatin sodium orally fast disintegrating tablets and the like containing anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate, and pravastatin sodium.


Provides a comprehensive, up-to-date treatment of the areas of biochemical and biological knowledge elucidated by mass spectrometry. Discusses methods and results. A supplement to the standard work, published in 1972, covering instrumentation, interpretation of spectra, and application.


This document contains the operating report for the 1990 calendar year for the Waste Management Operations Section Liquid and Gaseous Waste Operations Department. Included is information on the operations summary, upgrade activities, maintenance activities, and miscellaneous activities. Also included is an appendix.


Companies often gather a tremendous amount of data, such as browsing behavior, email activities and other contact data. This data can be the source of important competitive advantage by utilizing it in estimating a contact's purchase probability using predictive analytics. The calculated purchase probability can then be used by companies to solve different business problems, such as optimizing their sales processes. The purpose of this article is to study how machine learning can be used to perform lead scoring as a special application case of purchase probabilities. Historical behavioral data is used as training data for the classification algorithm, and purchase moments are used to limit the behavioral data for the contacts that have purchased a product in the past. Different ways of aggregating time-series data are tested to ensure that limiting the activities of buyers does not result in model bias. The results suggest that it is possible to estimate the purchase probability of leads using supervised learning algorithms, such as random forest, and one can obtain novel business insights from the results using visual analytics relevant for decision makers.


For the transportation of cryogenic liquid by pipeline, the filling process is a precooling stage which can greatly decrease the heat load of pipeline, and it is very important to understand the characteristics of the filling process. In this paper, for the feeding process of liquid hydrogen in a horizontal pipeline, an one-dimensional model is set up, and the precooling process is analyzed numerically. The wall temperature distribution at every moment and the time spent on the whole precooling stage are calculated. And for the filling process of cryogenic liquid in a pipeline, the characteristics of the wall and medium temperature distributions, as well as the influences of the pipeline length, the pipe diameter and the feeding flux on the precooling time are discussed.


Focus Areas: Integrative Approaches to Care, Alleviating Pain Similar clinical presentations of low back pain may be caused by diverse pathologies that require different courses of treatment. The effectiveness of Integrative Manual Therapy (IMT) treatment in low back pain is based on differential diagnosis ascertained through advanced manual palpation. Three case studies illustrate the efficacy of IMT in treating chronic pain when a precise manual diagnosis guides an individualized course of treatment. Case 1: A 58-year-old male presented with longstanding low back pain with bilateral lower extremity paresthesia and numbness. Manual diagnostics revealed multifocal soft tissue tethering of neural structures at cranial, spinal, and peripheral levels. Biomechanical compromise of tethered neural components included caudal traction of the spinal cord and brain stem. Protective compensatory mechanisms causing joint compression further contributed to the clinical presentation. IMT intervention corrected these pathologies with full resolution of symptoms. Case 2: A 50-year-old female presented with right shoulder pain and low back pain. She had a history of a fall off a horse 11 years prior and a deep vein thrombosis in the left leg 1 year prior. Manual diagnostics identified an old trauma to the IVC with scar tissue compressing the vessel. The IVC trauma was treated with IMT to resolve the scar tissue and improve venous flow, achieving complete resolution of symptoms. Case 3: A 58-year-old female presented with low back pain with a history of right hip arthritis and Crohn's disease. Manual diagnostics revealed biomechanical protective reactions compensating for inflamed bowel. IMT treatment of bowel dys-function was effective in alleviating pain and achieving sustained biomechanical correction of the hip and sacroiliac joints. Conclusion: These cases demonstrate the importance of identifying the underlying etiology. The clinical relevance of these findings coupled with successful outcomes offer a new perspective on the traditional management of low back pain.


Pride and Prejudice is the masterpiece of Jane Austen,a brilliant writer in British literature at the turn of the 18th century.In the novel, Austen made a wide use of a common structure,exclamations,and in a clever way had made them work wonderfully in characterization,theme and the creation of irony.This article explored her use of the structure in terms of the three aspects and thus,from a different perspective,revealed her fantastic skill in artistic expression.


This thesis focuses on the improvement of human action recognition systems. It reviews the state-of-the-art in the field of action recognition from video. It describes techniques of digital image and video capture, and explains computer representations of image and video. This thesis further describes how local feature vectors and local spacetime feature vectors are used, and how captured data is prepared for further analysis, such as classification methods. This is typically done with video segments of arbitrarily varying length. The key contribution of this work explores the hypothesis that the analysis of different types of actions requires different segment lenghts to achieve optimal quality of recognition. An algorithm to find these optimal lengths is proposed, implemented, and tested. Using this algorithm, the hypothesis was experimentally proven. It was also shown that by finding the optimal length, the prediction and classification power of current algorithms is improved upon. Supporting experiments, results, and proposed exploitations of these findings are presented.


This paper proposes a cable-less magnetic actuator that exhibits a very high thrusting force and is capable of being adapted to propel a robot within a pipe. The actuator contains a mechanical inverter that directly transforms dc from button batteries into ac. The mechanical dc-ac inverter incorporates a cantilever beam and a one-degree-of-freedom-model that switches under an electromagnetic force. A prototype actuator containing a mechanical dc-ac inverter was fabricated, and is able to move through a pipe of 14 mm inner diameter. Experimental results show that the actuator can move upwards at a speed of 26 mm/s. This cable-less actuator has many possible applications, including small pipe inspection and maintenance.


With the increase of the contagiousness rates of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), new strategies are needed to halt virus spread. Blocking virus entry by capturing its spike (S) protein is one of the effective approaches that could help in eliminating or reducing transmission rate of viruses. Herein, we aim to develop a nanofiber-based filter for protective face masks, composed of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (NFs)-loaded with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) for capturing the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and blocking its entry. Docking simulations were performed to evaluate interactions of PAN with target proteins of both SARS-CoV-2 and Human Adenovirus type 5 (ADV-5) which was used as an in vitro model of human respiratory viruses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the surface morphology and to analyze the functional groups of the NFs, respectively. The mechanical properties of the electrospun NFs were investigated, according to which the tensile strengths of PAN and modified PAN NFs were 4.9 ± 1.2 GPa and 4.5 GPa. Additionally, elongations at break were 25 ± 2.5% to 24 ± 1.48% for PAN and modified PAN NFs. The tensile strength test showed good mechanical characteristics of the NFs. The ACE-2-loaded NFs were shown to be safe, with promising antiviral activity towards ADV-5. Meanwhile, a binding affinity study between the spike protein and ACE-2 was performed and the dissociation constant (KD) was found to be 1.1 nM. Accordingly, the developed antiviral filters have a potential role to stand as a base for combating various human respiratory viruses.


In this paper, the grade of the urban environmental quality and the evaluating indexes and its eigenvalue are made as matter element, after normalizing the evaluate standard and surveyed data, the sutra field and controlled field and weight coefficient and relating degree are obtained, meanwhile, the model for comprehensive evaluating urban environmental quality is built up, then this model is applied to Xuanzhou city for evaluating its environmental quality, the result shows that it accords to the result by the Fuzzy method, and it is simpler method for evaluating the urban environmental quality.


Basing the statistics data of haze days of Shenzhen in recent 30 years and using UV method the distributions of haze days were analyzed.Combined with the annual statistical data of the national economy indicators from 1980 to 2007,the relations between the haze days and urban economic indexes were focused.The results are as follows:during the early to mid time in the 90's and 00's,the rapid growth of the haze days are the most significant,with the high(low)value of the average monthly haze days from December to next January,of 8d/month or more(from June to July,of 2d/month or less).The overall trend of haze days each month is increasing year by year,without the distribution of high and low values changing significantly.The haze days are highly correlated with the economic indicators of local construction industry,hotels and catering,wholesale and retail,industrial,transportation,warehousing,postal industries,fisheries and finances.Activities in these sectors are likely the major source of aerosol pollution to haze and the construction pollution is most significant.


Recent decades have witnessed significant advancements in research that aid in our understanding about how the human brain develops the ability to process the dynamic and complex acoustics of music (Loui and Belden, 2019; Russo, 2020). One particular question, Whether having music training early in life can have an impact on the development of the human brain?, has intrigued not only scientists but also parents, educators, and policymakers. As this article demonstrates, we now have a good body of evidence supporting this idea and that the effect of music training may be particularly valuable for young children.


Green innovation strategy is an essential way for enterprises to deal with the deteriorating ecological environment. However, the existing studies pay little attention to the affect path of green innovation strategy on sustainable competitive advantage, and the differences among different industries are not yet clear. In order to solve these problems, from the perspective of resource management, this paper puts forward a theoretical framework on the affect path of green innovation strategy on sustainable competitive advantage at different industry dynamic levels. We selected 210 enterprises in traditional industries and 219 enterprises in emerging industries, and used multiple hierarchical regression methods for empirical testing to reveal the important role of the two core ways in resource management (resource integration and reconfiguration). This study extends the theory of strategic management and sustainable competitive advantage, and provides a useful reference for enterprises to practice green behaviour.


Ride-sharing is a popular way of transportation that reduces traffic and the costs of the trip. Emerge of autonomous vehicles makes ride-sharing more popular because these vehicles do not require a driver's effort. Therefore, in order to find a suitable ride-share, the service provider is not restricted to the driver's trip. Thus, the autonomous cars are more flexible with matching the passengers. Passengers who want to participate in car-sharing send their trip data to a ride-sharing service provider. However, the passenger's trip data contains sensitive information about the passenger's locations. Multiple studies show that a person's location data can reveal personal information about them, e.g., their health condition, home, work, hobbies, and financial situation. In this paper, we propose a lightweight privacy-preserving ride-sharing protocol for autonomous cars. Contrary to previous works on this topic, our protocol does not rely on any extra party to guarantee privacy and security. Our protocol consists of two main phases: i) privacy-preserving group forming, and ii) privacy-preserving fair pick-up point selection. In addition to ride-sharing, the two phases of our protocol can also be applied to other use cases. We have implemented our protocol for a realistic ride-sharing scenario, where 1000 passengers simultaneously request a ride-share. Our evaluation results show that the time and communication costs of our protocol are such that it is feasible for real-world applications.


Nowadays, well known in East medicine different mushroom's medicinal properties are widely used in medications and bioactive supplements for therapy of different diseases.
The purpose of our study was to determinatate the prospects of medicinal mushroom F. velutipes usage as a source of bioactive compounds for medicinal and preventive facilities. Methods of search, analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization of literary and electronic scientific publications about morphological features, chemical composition and pharmacological properties of medicinal mushroom were used.
F. velutipes is one of the most popular edible mushrooms due to its biological activities. Its chemical composition is optimal to provide physiology functions of organism with matters and energy.
Research datas of F. velutipes various bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, protein-glucan complex, sterols, lectins, peroxidases, proteases etc., show their ability to provide immunomodulating, antitumor, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and other effects.
Flammulina velutipes medicinal mushroom's usage as a source of bioactive compounds for medicinal and preventive facilities, food and dietary supplements is a perspective direction of pharmaceutical technology.


At underground storage facilities in caves deep beneath the hills of western Pennsylvania, RLG has leased vaults for long-term storage of microfilm masters. There RLG and its members store microfilm in secure, climate-controlled conditions ideally formulated for stewardship of the film over the long term. In the event that an owning institution's print master is damaged or lost, the master negative can be retrieved from storage to create a replacement.


Describes the huge hydroelectric complex under construction at Itaipu in Brazil plus planned long-distance transmission lines signal which are part of Brazil's electrification programme.


This article posits that health is one of the more difficult areas of public policy making and service provision, owing to a variety of circumstantial and contextual issues. It suggests that advancements in medical practice and organization are not simplifying health policy; along with the changing context of health, they are complicating the processes of policy making and provision. The article discusses a number of trends and emerging issues in public policy philosophy, health care financing, structures and service delivery. It concludes that the complex context of health care requires approaches to policy making which are participatory and consultative.


The human amygdaloid complex (AC) is associated with the perception of fear and con‐ sequent anxiety‐related behaviors, apart from other functions ranging from attention to memory and emotion. The AC is composed of several regions with specific cytoarchitec ‐ tures, chemistry, and connections that encode different aspects of fear. Detailed under ‐ standing of AC cell composition is basic to determining whether cell number alterations coincide with neurological and psychiatric pathologies associated to anxiety imbalances, as well as with changes in brain functionality during aging. Here, we describe quantitative data gathered applying stereological methods to human AC tissue; the amounts of neu‐ rons, glial and endothelial cells, as well as of various interneuron subsets that populate the AC regions were noted and compared with those collected in the AC of non‐human pri‐ mates and rodents. This chapter also addresses the dopaminergic innervation of the AC, which exerts a modulatory effect over the intrinsic AC network and is critical for reward‐ related learning and fear conditioning. This innervation is twice as abundant in the main output nuclei as in the principal entry nuclei of the human AC, and this irregularity may indicate functional variations between these entry and output amygdaloid territories. of various of AC Dysfunctions of and recent study demonstrated the and the dopaminergic dopamine with almost double these compared the the basolateral The postsynaptic targets of the dopaminergic in the AC these fibers make synapses with both projection neurons and interneurons in rodents. The CR+ and the PV+ interneurons of the AC are important targets of the dopaminergic synapses in rodents, further studies to determine what the main neuronal targets of this neurotransmitter are in the AC and the role has


tracheal wall, particularly if prolonged (Stiles, 1965 ; Gibson, 1967; Johnston and others, 1967)~ but this was not supported by our data ( P = o ~ ) . However, the analysis of hypotension was empirical and relatively imprecise. The administration of steroids might easily exacerbate the effects of infection, aggravate the mucosal damage, and add to the underlying tissue necrosis, but statistical confirmation was not obtained ( P = o * ~ ) . Stiles (1965) found that damage to the tracheal mucosa was more severe the longer the period of cuffed-tube intubation, but in the present series this factor did not seem to be important in the pathogenesis of cuff stenosis ( P = 0.5). In conclusion the important factor in the pathogenesis of cuff stenosis appears to be the presence of airway infection during the period of assisted ventilation (P=0.05). Statistical analysis did not confirm the pathogenic effects of the other factors. However, cuff stenosis occurs more commonly in females (0.001 < P < O.OI), the reasons not being apparent from our statistical analysis.


Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a devastating disease with rapid progression and limited treatment options (1). Topotecan is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment option for recurrent or progressive SCLC, but has a median time to progression of less than four months (2). More effective therapies are urgently needed. Alkylating agents have shown single-agent efficacy in SCLC (3), and a recent phase II clinical trial demonstrated that temozolomide (TMZ), a non-classic oral alkylating agent, had activity in relapsed SCLC [overall response rate (ORR) 20%], particularly for brain metastasis (4). However, the median progression-free survival (PFS) time of TMZ was still only 3.5 months.


Abstract. Mäenpää, J. and Kunsi, A. (Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Aurora Hospital Helsinki, Finland.) Childhood hyperthyroidism. Results of treatment. Acts Paediatr Scand, 69: 137, 1980.—40 hyperthyroid children were followed for 0.2–12 (mean 4.5) years. The treatment was antithyroid drugs in 20, subtotal thyroidectomy after a drug trial in 18 and primary thyroidectomy in 2 patients. 4 patients who relapsed (3 after surgery and 1 after a drug trial) were given radioiodide. 11 of the surgically treated glands were nodular. At the follow‐up study 24 patients were euthyroid, 7 were on thyroxine therapy and in 5 others hypothyroidism was discovered. 2 subjects were still on antithyroid drugs and 2 relapsed. In 5 euthyroid patients the TRH test revealed a low thyroid reserve. In 28 of 34 subjects examined circulating antibodies to thyroid microsomes were present in high titres. Evidently, regular follow‐up is needed because of the high risk of hypothyroidism.


NEW READ AND RESPOND PLEASE MRS BUTLER provides teachers with all the resources they need to teach this classic children's story. Notes and activities reflect the way that teachers teach now and include shared texts, guided reading notes, reading activities, speaking and listening activities, writing projects and assessment guidance.


In the RH furnace top dregs the fine-grain aluminum carries on after the iron(Ⅲ) sulfate solution soaks takes,take the sodium diphenylamine sulfonic acid as the indicator,with the potassium dichromate standard solution titrate,calculates undersize the test specimen metal aluminum the content;Another particles aluminum dissolves with the sodium hydroxide,with the mandelic acid concealed titanium,take the xylenol orange as the indicator,first uses zinc acetate standard solution titrate excessive EDTA,then uses the villiaumite substitution law to calculate the sieves test specimen metal aluminum the content,extracts the metal aluminum total quantity using the weighted average method.


We introduce Shade/Java, a language for coordinating Java objects distributed over the Internet. Shade is based on a concept called the object space, that is used both as repository for objects and as coordination medium. The object space offers several services which caa be exploited by Java objects. We describe the basic ideas in the language, its current implementation and programming environment, and an application in the field of electronic commerce.


ABSTRACT Peacebuilding and transitional justice are viewed as integral components of statebuilding in post-conflict spaces. This Special Issue critically evaluates statebuilding and peacebuilding in Iraq through macro and micro-level analyses of Iraq's political development following foreign-imposed regime change. In line with the articles in the Special Issue, this introduction critically examines Iraq's post-2003 trajectory as an outcome of the failure of securitized statebuilding and the absence of legitimacy in externally-imposed democratization. It concludes by highlighting the impact of expedient and exogenous statebuilding on transitional justice and post-conflict peacebuilding.


Lipid keratopathy (LK) is a disease in which fat deposits accumulate in the cornea, leading to opacification and decrease of visual acuity. It can be idiopathic, i.e. without signs of previous corneal disease or secondary to ocular or systemic diseases. It is usually associated with abnormal vascularization of the cornea, and the lipid classically deposits adjacent to these vessels. There have been case reports of annular LK in literature, but to the best of our knowledge, familial association has not been reported with it. In this case series, we thus present a family of six patients with bilateral annular LK.


Accepted: 24 Jan. 2021 Sand dunes are crucial factors related to stability of the coasts, and vegetation plays a decisive role in their creation. In this research paper, analyzing the effects of the Caspian Sea level fluctuations and human intervention on transformation of habitats and biodiversity of coastal plants on sand dunes is assumed as the main goal. The morphological structure of coastal sand dunes and the biodiversity of their plant species were investigated by selecting 11 transects in the eastern coast of the central Mazandaran (Babolsar-Amirabad), also the major changes of the sand dunes in coastal lands were evaluated during the period of the Caspian Sea water level rise, 1978-1995, using the remote sensing. The results showed that coastal dunes in the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea are divided into three groups, intact or healthy, semi-healthy and completely destructed. In total, 174 plant species belonging to 134 genera and 75 families were identified in coastal embankment ecosystems as well as in active, middle and back sand dunes of the coast. The impacts of human intervention (changes in land cover and land use) and some increase in the Caspian Sea level during 1978-1995 were identified as factors affecting the damage of coastal sand dunes.


Help Wanted, written by Franz Xavier Kroetz, translated by Gitta Honegger, directed by JoAnne Akalaitis, presented by Mabou Mines at Theatre for the New City, New York City, February and April, 1986. The Women Here Are No Different, by Nancy Beckett, directed by Jenny O'Hara, presented by 13th Street Repertory Company, New York City. (attended on 8.27.86). The Early Girl, by Caroline Kava. Directed by Munson Hicks. Circle Repertory Theatre. Crowsfeet Dance Collective, Performance Space 122, New York City. June 1986. This Is For You, Anna/A Spectacle of Revenge, directed by June Guralnick; created by The Anna Project (initiated at the Nightwood Theatre in Toronto), Suzanne Odette Khun, Ann‐Marie MacDonald, Patricia Nichols, Banuta Rubess, Maureen White; performed by members of The Women's Ensemble Theatre: Mia Kanazawa, Alonia King, Judith Pucci, Debbie Smith. Rate It X, produced by Lynn Campbell, Claudette Charbonnear, Paula de Koenigsberg and Lucy Winer. OMT Productions Inc and Channel 4 of London, 1985....


Summary Polycystic kidney disease is a common disease, the prevalence of which is not likely to have changed markedly over the centuries because of the late onset of its clinical manifestations. The clinical features of the disease were not changed over the centuries, but the diagnostic procedures were changed and it was a reason for early diagnosis. In this paper we present the historic view of polycystic kidney disease from Middle Ages till 19 century. Most important recognize of the genetic basis of the disease was first made in 19 century. For the scientific workers in 20 century is was a chalange for future investigations.


[GPQ 36 (Winter 2016):53–64] ers, journalists, artists, writers, churches, and charitable organizations looking to tell the story of (and occasionally profi t from) Indian misery in the modern world. Waves of culture producers and commentators have fi xated on Pine Ridge and in the process created an echo chamber in which the problems of this one reservation are recited over and over: unemployment, poverty, domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, sexual assaults, burgeoning gang violence, school dropouts, and suicides. Likewise, many benevolent cultural institutions continue to approach the reservation in a manner that seems atavistic in the twentyfi rst century— with a whiff of Victorian paternalism— as numerous church groups and other charitable organizations inundate the reservation with volunteers and donations.2 Wallowing in the problems affl icting Pine Ridge while failing to notice most of what works has become a fetish of sorts. Consistently putting this one reservation under a microscope and dissecting its problems has bred and fed an outsider obsession with all that's Sober Indian/Dangerous Indian. Directed by John Maisch. 2014. dvd. 85 min. Not yet commercially available.


The photocurrents arising in a laser-irradiated medium due to atomic photoionization by a two-color (bicircular) laser radiation field and spatial asymmetry of the photoelectron angular distribution are considered theoretically and studied analytically within the framework of the lowest orders of standard perturbation theory in respect to electromagnetic interaction. The incident bicircular laser field is proposed to consist of a coherent superposition of the circularly polarized fundamental laser frequency ω and its second harmonic of arbitrary helicity. If the frequency ω is larger than the ionization potential of the laser-irradiated atomic system under consideration, generally two different photocurrents (of comparable magnitude and different spatial orientation) are found to arise, each corresponding to either of two different adjacent (lowest) final energies of ejected photoelectrons. Particularly, the photocurrents are shown to arise only in the corotating case of two circularly polarized incident harmonics of the same helicity (either both rotating clockwise or counterclockwise); otherwise, in counter-rotating case of two incident harmonics of opposite helicity, the photocurrents are shown to be always absent. Moreover, for the particular ionization process of negative ion photodetachment under detailed consideration and the related zero-range model binding potential in a negative ion used for analytical calculations, both the magnitude and spatial orientation of either photocurrent are demonstrated to be strongly dependent on the incident bicircular field parameters and harmonics polarization composition.


In characteristic zero, semistable principal bundles on a nonsingular projective curve with a semisimple structure group form a bounded family, as shown by Ramanathan in 1970's using the Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem. This was the first step in his construction of moduli for principal bundles. In this paper we prove boundedness in finite characteristics (other than characteristic 2), when the structure group is a semisimple, simply connected algebraic group of classical type. The main ingredient is an analogue of the Mukai-Sakai theorem (which says that any vector bundle admits a proper subbundle whose degree is `not too small') in the present situation.


Physicians for sports teams may not allow team management and coaches to dictate medical treatment or diagnosis of an athlete-patient. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


Abstract: The primary objectives of this study were to estimate seedling abundance, spread intensity, and invasiveness of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in Lithuanian forests. The species was introduced to Lithuania in 1802, and since then has subsequently become gradually invasive. Seedling understory abundance, colonization and dispersal were investigated in six forest blocks covering the principal sycamore distribution areas in southwestern Lithuania. Seedlings height and densities in the undestory were evaluated, and seedlings assigned to four height groups. Species invasiveness was estimated applying the Pest Plant Prioritization Process (PPPP), based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Results showed the average spread distance from the parent tree was 257 m, with a mean seedling number per hectare of 2064. Sycamore maple invasive score was 0.6426 (range: 0-1), the current relative to potential distribution rating was 0.57, and the social, environmental, and economic impact score was 0.1682. Such values were used to assess the Pest Plant Score for sycamore maple, obtaining a value (0.3537) lower than expectations (0.5). Results indicated that the species exhibits invasive properties and a rapid spread in the study area. Some implications of the above results in view of the upcoming climate change and the use of sycamore maple in Lithuanian forest plantations are discussed.


A diffusive predator–prey model with Allee effect and constant stocking rate for predator is investigated and it is shown that Allee effect is the decisive factor driving the formation of Turing pattern. Furthermore, it is observed that Turing pattern appears only when the diffusion rate of the prey is faster than that of the predator, which is just opposite to the condition of Turing pattern in the classical predator–prey system. Some sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure the asymptotical stability of a spatially homogeneous steady-state solution. The existence and nonexistence of positive nonconstant steady-state solutions are investigated to understand the mechanisms of generating spatiotemporal patterns. Furthermore, Hopf and steady-state bifurcations are analyzed in detail by using Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction.


The study examines the actual status and the future application of Single Euro Payments Area SEPA Cards Framework, based on Romanian experience. The paper highlights the fact that there is no national card scheme in Romania and that the local cards market


An explicit iterative algorithm to solve both linear and nonlinear problems of ordinary differential equations with initial conditions is formulated with main focus given on its comparison with some non-standard finite difference schemes. Two first order linear initial value problems (IVPs) with periodic behavior are used to analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm with respect to maximum absolute error and computational effort where proposed algorithm performs better in both cases. The proposed algorithm efficiently follows the oscillatory behavior of models like Lotka-Volterra predator-prey and mass-spring system (damped case) in comparison to the nonstandard schemes. All necessary computations have been carried out through MATLAB version 8.1 (R2013a) in double precision arithmetic. Numerical results obtained by the proposed algorithm are found to be computationally reliable and practical in comparison with two nonstandard finite difference schemes discussed in literature. Keywords: Iterative algorithm, nonstandard finite difference scheme, Initial conditions, Maximum absolute error.


Elais guenensis planting programe have changed land cover and compotition of vegetation and animal.  Vegetation changing by E.guenensis planting becomes multiple effect to other sector. The aims of this research are: to describe changing of  land cover and to know changing of vegetation and aves composition after E.guenensis planting.  Teresterial survey had arranged to collected data. Analyze of data used time series data and matrice tabulation, descriptive and comparison. Land coverage changing caused by E.guenensis planting.  Number of tree species vegetation had been changed from: 33 species to 16 species. Number of aves species had been changed from 21 species to 15 species.  Decreasing number and composition of vegetation had influenced decreasing number and composition of aves. Loosing on variation habitat vegetation types which produce food caused population of aves are limited.


Cloud computing has been the trending technology in sync with the internet of things being explored to its fullest strength as the world tends to digitize each activity, be it professional or personal or academic. In the view of providing break less and in time communication among the devices connected to facilitate the user for proper management of his activities, load balancing and task scheduling are the two significant issues that obstacle the implementation. This paper tries to push the limits of the cloud computing environment by embedding the machine learning algorithm for scheduling the tasks with an indirect effect on load balancing among the resources on the cloud. The K- Means algorithm can create clusters of jobs and the resources available based on their operating characteristics and processing behavior.


This letter presents two novel prototypes of reduced‐size Gysel power dividers using 90° and ±180° lumped‐element components. The first design is a Gysel power divider using 90° and 180° lumped‐element components. The ideal divider designed at a frequency of 590 MHz exhibits power splits of −3.2 ± 0.2 dB and return losses of greater than 15 dB for the frequency range of 530 to 710 MHz. The second design is a Gysel power divider using 90° and −180° lumped‐element components. The ideal divider designed at a frequency of 590 MHz exhibits power splits of −3.2 ± 0.2 dB and return losses of greater than 15 dB for the frequency range of 520 to 700 MHz. To verify the purposed designs, two miniaturized broadband Gysel power dividers were simulated, fabricated, and measured. The sizes of both proposed Gysel power dividers are reduced to 3.1 cm × 3.2 cm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2341–2344, 2016


Beginning in 1994, Executive Order 12898 has directed federal executive agencies to identify and address, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse health or environmental effects of their programs, policies, and activities on minority and low income populations. The policy behind the Executive Order was to prevent minority and low income groups from bearing disproportionate adverse environmental consequences of federal actions. During the last ten years, federal agencies have implemented Executive Order 12898, and some also have developed explicit procedures or guidance for the steps that need to be taken during the preparation of environmental impact statements. Based on the authors' experience, the paper examines how environmental justice practice has evolved in the ten years since the original Executive Order was issued. This evolution has been both procedural and substantive. The paper examines how the actual practice of environmental justice analysis has progressed in federal agencies that deal with waste management issues. Reference is made to changes in case law and agency practice. The 2000 Census of Population and the ongoing development of geographic information systems in particular have made it easier to identify minority and low-income populations at risk. At the same time, a number of stakeholder groups have takenmore » positions over specific federal actions that have given rise to novel issues and challenges for analysts. The paper discusses how NEPA practice is evolving to deal with these issues and challenges.« less


This study investigates the effect of aspect ratios (Ra*) on the wake bi-stability behind the GTS model using improved delayed-detached eddy simulation (IDDES) at a Reynolds number of 2.7×104. Eight cases with Ra* in the range of Ra*∈[0.5, 2.0] have been considered to investigate the asymmetric wake flow and the corresponding aerodynamic response. The primary objective of this study is to reveal the mechanism of the Ra* effects on the GTS's flow topology, asymmetric wake flow and the bi-stable flow switching process. The accuracy of the numerical method has been validated by comparing the recirculation bubble, vortex core and aerodynamic drag with those obtained from the previous large-eddy simulation study and the water channel experiment. The results show that three typical flow topologies (FT-I, FT-II and FT-III) are classified according to the drag coefficient and the length relation between the vertical and horizontal recirculation region. The vertical and horizontal asymmetric characteristics can be transformed between two adjacent flow topologies. Moreover, a switching process of the bi-stable wake flow is also observed as Ra* is equal to 0.71. Additionally, the ground motion can reverse the dominated flow state and inhibiting the corresponding switching process.


Invariant based programming is an approach to program construction where we provide the program pre- and postconditions as well as loop invariants before we construct the code itself. This approach allows us to construct a program and its correctness proof hand in hand. We describe here an extension to an existing mathematics editor that supports this style of program construction. The main help that the tool provides is automatic simplification of verification conditions that are generated in the programming process. The tool shows the user a check list of those conditions that it was not able to prove automatically. The user can use this check list to complete the proof (either manually or using an interactive theorem prover) or to find errors in the program.


Traditional weed control systems based on soil-applied herbicides and cultivations were compared with systems utilizing postemergence grass herbicides for Texas panicum (Panicum texanum Buckle. # PANTE) control in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. 'Florunner′) production. Maximum net returns ($150/ha) and peanut yield were achieved with traditional systems utilizing benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine] applied preplant incorporated plus alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] and dinoseb [2-(1-methylpropyl)-4,6-dinitrophenol] applied at ground cracking and two cultivations. The postemergence system using alachlor plus dinoseb applied at ground cracking and sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} applied postemergence also provided maximum net returns ($146/ha) and peanut yield.


We present a catalog of morphologically classified bright galaxies in the north equatorial stripe (230 deg2) derived from the Third Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Morphological classification is performed by visual inspection of images in the g band. The catalog contains 2253 galaxies complete to a magnitude limit of r = 16 after Galactic extinction correction, selected from 2658 objects that are judged to be extended in the photometric catalog in the same magnitude limit. A total of 1866 galaxies in our catalog have spectroscopic information. A brief statistical analysis is presented for the frequency of morphological types and mean colors in the catalog. A visual inspection of the images reveals that the rate of interacting galaxies in the local universe is approximately 1.5% in the r ≤ 16 sample. A verification is made for the photometric catalog generated by the SDSS, especially as to its bright-end completeness.


In their recent book, Marx, prenom : Karl, Paris, Gallimard, « Les Essais », 2012, 809 pages, Pierre Dardot and Christian Laval put forward the idea of a contradictory Marx. They argue that his work attempted to bring together two heterogeneous elements : a particularly bleak vision of capitalism as a powerful system endowed with the capacity to reproduce itself and extend its hegemon interminably, a conception of revolutionary will focused on the purportedly emancipatory action of the working class. The article examines the difficulties inherent to such an interpretation and it seeks to demonstrate that what we can understand as Marx's reservations concerning such a view of the question renders his work somewhat less strange and less contradictory than Dardot and Laval would seem to suggest.


This study investigated the nature of social stigmas poor urban and rural HIV+ Jamaicans contend with in their daily lives, and their coping strategies. Poor HIV+ Jamaicans (7 women and 8 men) from urban and rural settings were interviewed in depth. Stigmas found were related to fears of contamination in the general population. A gendered hierarchy was also present since men were less stigmatized than women and women less stigmatized than men who failed to meet community standards of masculine behavior. Women reported high levels of psychological and physical abuse. A strong link was found between the treatment of poor HIV+ Jamaicans and the abuse sanctioned for sex/gender transgressors. Dominant coping strategies were secrecy, family support, and religion.


The Mexican Revolution in art reached its first climax in the middle twenties, coming to an end for the time being in a conscious reaction against mural painting during the less-than-Revolutionary Calles period (1924–1934). This intellectual trend was sparked by a literary group, "Los Contemporaneos," that published the works of European and American writers and painters and by an artistic group centered in Guadalajara and calling itself "Bohemia."


The chemical identification of auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), isolated from the ethanol extracts of immature corn kernels by Haagen-Smit, Dandliker, and Murneek initiated considerable in-terest in both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the auxin economy of corn kernels during their ontogeny. Berger, and and have studied these changes in auxin content during the development of the corn kernel.


Intra Ordovician interpretation has been historically one of the main pitfalls in Murzuq Basin, even when tracing different lithological units and/or lateral facies change in areas with dense well control. Seismic attributes provide a useful tool to characterize reservoirs because they transform seismic amplitudes into elastic properties , which are related with facies and petrophysical properties. Seismic and well log data are integrated and geological interpretation can be done in seismic attributes domain. In our case of study, pre-stack seismic inversion results, P-wave impedance and Vp/Vs ratio supported a conceptual geological model for Murzuq Basin (Libya) main reservoir. P-wave impedance helped to separate facies and sedimentary environments in a very complex glaciogenic Upper Ordovician reservoir. Vp/Vs ratio delimited sandstone bodies related with advance and retreat of the glacial ice in the area. Both seismic volumes matched very well with log data and they helped to define the northern stratigraphic closure of the reservoir.


The article forms part of an exploration into how graduate business students experience group work. A single-case, embedded study was conducted in 2010–2011, and reveals new insight and understanding into the manner in which master's of business administration students perceive evaluation methods of their group work assignments and how these methods contribute to their perception of positive group work outcomes.


In a recently conducted phase III clinical trial, RELAX‐AHF, serelaxin infusion over 48 h improved short‐ and long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with acute heart failure. In this study we used human primary cells from the umbilical vasculature to better understand the signalling mechanisms activated by serelaxin.


I am particularly perturbed by the movement to exalt theory, as well, because of my own adult history. I was an active member of the Black Arts Movement of the sixties and know how dangerous theory can become. Many today may not be aware of this, but the Black Arts Movement tried to create Black Literary Theory and in doing so became prescriptive. My fear is that when Theory is not rooted in practice, it becomes prescriptive, exclusive, elitist. (Barbara Christian, 1990: 340)1


THIS attractive and all too short monograph is welcome for several reasons. Firstly, it marks the continuation of the German contribution to ethnographical research in the Anglophone sector of the Voltaic region, on the lines introduced by the late Kurt Dittmer and sadly interrupted by his untimely death. Secondly, it marks the entry into the field of Voltaic studies of an ethnographer of imagination and insight equipped with all the most modern skills. And thirdly it is concerned with one of the most interesting and least known tribal groups of Northern Ghana. The Bulsa or Builsa comprise a cluster of settlements, loosely interconnected in the past, but with a common language and culture, spread over a large area between the Mamprussi in the south and the Kassena in the north. They are estimated to number around 70,000. As Professor Schott's introduction shows, they resemble closely the neighbouring traditionally segmentary, long-settled, patrilineally based, agricultural tribal groups such as the Tallensi to the east and the LoDagaba to the north-west of them, in their social and political organization and their customary ways and beliefs. Clans claiming authochthonous origin and supplying the hereditary ' earth priests ' are found side by side with others claiming immigrant origin from the south or the north, from whose members the ' chiefs ' first recognized in the colonial period (and since if anything elevated in status) were selected. These basic features of Bulsa social organization, as well as some vocabulary and a few items of their ritual customs and beliefs, were known before Professor Schott's visit from Rattray's survey of 1932 {Tribes of the Ashcmti Hinterland, vol. ii, chap. 42). The five pages on the Bulsa were practically the only source of ethnographic information hitherto available on this people, apart from some scattered references in other publications. (Cf. in this connection, Goody, J., 1969, Comparative Studies in Kinship, chap. 6.) I myself travelled through the Bulsa country in 1937 and was able to confirm some of Rattray's observations.


The storage elements are major power consuming component in VLSI system. The power reduction of storage element leads to reduction of global power consumption of VLSI system. In this paper, a Proposed single edge triggered (SET) and a Proposed double edge triggered (DET) logic module flip-flops are modeled and implemented by using TannerEDA. The DET offers a power reduction up to 13.34% compared to the conventional flip-flops. A new Proposed SET offers the power consumption up to 14.28% compared to conventional flip-flops and 9.34% power improvement compare with Proposed DET. The performance comparison has been made in a GENERIC LIBRARAY 0.25 μm ,0.18 nm TSMC VLSI process and 0.18 μm CMOS VLSI process , shows the Proposed SET & DET is power efficient flip-flop model and well suited for modern low power VLSI system design.


class A class that is not intended to have direct instances . The opposite of an abstract class is a concrete class . access 1. (a slot) To retrieve ( get ) or replace ( set ) the value of the slot. 2. (a collection element) To retrieve or replace the collection element. accessor A slot accessor (a getter or setter ). accessible (from a module) A binding that is either owned by the module or imported into the module from another module. ambiguous methods (for a particular function call) Two methods that are both applicable for the function call, but neither of which is more specific than the other. anonymous 1. (~ method) Created by a method statement, as opposed to having been created and named by a define method or local definition, or having been implicitly defined . Compare with bare method . 2. (~ class) Created by calling the make function on the class <class> , as opposed to having been created and named by a define class definition. 3. (~ generic function) Created by calling the make function on the class <generic-function> , as opposed to having been created and named by a define generic definition. applicable 1. (~ method, during a generic function call) Having a parameter list which matches the supplied arguments. 2. (~ handler, when a condition is signaled) Matching the signaled condition by type and by an optional test function associated with the handler. apply 1. (a function to arguments) To call the function with the arguments. 2. The function apply (see page 339). argument An object that is supplied to a function in a function call. In other languages, this is sometimes called an "actual argument" or "actual parameter." array An instance of <array>. assign 1. (a variable) To change the value of the variable. 2. (a slot) To set the value of the slot. 3. (a collection element) To change the value of a collection element. bare method 1. A method which is not part of a generic function. 2. A method which is used directly, as though it is not part of a generic function. This document was created with FrameMaker 4.0.4


HepatoBiliary Surg Nutr 2021 | https://dx.doi.org/10.21037/hbsn-21-287 We read with great interest the recently published article of Wong et al. (1). Through their study, the authors sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients presenting with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), awaiting liver transplantation (LT). This is the first prospective study to analyze SBRT as a bridging treatment before LT and compare it to other bridging therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Regarding SBRT as a bridging treatment, current literature is scarce, with only a few retrospective studies published, with small sample sizes (up to 38 patients undergoing SBRT and then LT) (2,3). SBRT has been more investigated as an HCC treatment modality outside of LT setting and very promising results were found especially in terms of local control (4). These encouraging results led to SBRT being included by most LT teams worldwide in their bridging therapy arsenal. Nonetheless more robust data is needed to confirm SBRT efficacy and safety, which underlines the importance of this study. We believe several points in this paper are open for discussion and further analysis. Although SBRT patients were included prospectively from 2015 to 2020, the control groups (TACE and HIFU) were reviewed retrospectively and included patients treated since 2010. The authors argue that the resulting bias has minimal implications due to the fact that over the study period there was no change in HCC selection, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) exception system, tumor response evaluation and organ availability. However, TACE techniques have evolved and efficacy of selective/super-selective TACE has increased during the last decade (5,6). Although TACE is usually preferred when there are multiple tumors and SBRT/ HIFU/radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in case of Child-Pugh B and single tumor, number and size of tumors were not significantly different between TACE and SBRT groups and more than 50% of SBRT patients were Child-Pugh A. As a result, most of the SBRT group patients could have been candidates for TACE and thus applying a randomized controlled trial could have been more adapted. Selection bias should be taken into consideration when interpreting the final results. Regarding TACE procedure, it was performed nonselectively (conventional right or left liver TACE) and not superselectively as stated (no single segment or nodule— selective TACE). Local TACE technique could maybe explain why 1-year local tumor control is so low in TACE group (43.5%) compared with results reported from other published series (around 75–80%) (5,6). Furthermore, among TACE patients, 60% were Child-Pugh A, 56% had 1 tumor, and a median size of 2.2 cm (0.8–6.3 cm). These patients could have been candidates for other ablative techniques like RFA in most centers. In this study, the authors report significantly better 1-year tumor control rate in SBRT patients awaiting LT, compared with TACE/HIFU patients (92.3% vs. 43.5% vs. 33.3% respectively, P=0.02) and lower 2-year dropout rates (20% SBRT vs. 35% TACE vs. 41% HIFU) even though lesion French Editorial from ACHPBT


INTRODUCTION The identification of potentially reversible tissue from irreversibly damaged tissue is of utmost importance for the initiation of treatment strategies to ischemic stroke patients. Irreversible tissue damage and penumbra can be reliably identified by multitracer positron emission tomography (PET) which has severe limitations due to complexity, invasiveness and radiation exposure (1). Mismatch of diffusion/perfusion– weighted MRI has been used as an estimation of penumbra (2). However, it has been reported that large parts of the mismatch region appear not to be at risk, even though they may contribute to functional impairment (3). Inhalation 100% O2 can change tissue deoxyhemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin ratio, especially in penumbra, which is still metabolically active. The deoxyhemoglobin/oxyhemoglobin ratio change can be detected by T2*weighted MRI. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal responses of stroke rats to 100% oxygen challenge (OC) to test the hypothesis that OC responses can be used to identify at-risk tissue.


This essay begins with a brief review of past research in rhetorical theory and criticism. Attention then turns to an examination of two present issues—big rhetoric and the critique of postmodernism—that influence rhetoric's prospects. The essay closes with a consideration of the vibrancy and vitality represented by recent scholarship in the Quarterly Journal of Speech. The diversity and sophistication of current scholarship bode well for rhetoric's future.


In this study, we perform random telegraph noise (RTN) spectroscopy on ultra-thin HfÜ2 dielectric films using a conductive atomic force microscope (CAFM), enabling accurate assessment of single or cluster defect kinetics in very small area regions with an ultra-sharp tip having radius of 15±5 nm. Our characterization results show that bias-dependent RTN trends can be clearly detected at high spatial resolution using CAFM technique. Experimental evidence of the metastable nature of oxygen vacancy defects is presented and the nanoscale breakdown results provide further support to the time-dependent defect clustering model that is recently proposed for oxide breakdown [1,2]. Statistical plots of the CAFM breakdown voltage show a trimodal distribution that corresponds to evolution of percolation cores at the grain (G), grain boundary/triple point (GB/TP) sites and G-GB interface regions.


IT is with some hesitation that any historian would dispute the conclusions of so distinguished a numismatist as Dr Stewart Lyon on the subject of medieval weight-standards. However, in his recent article 'Silver weight and minted weight in England, c.1000–1320'1 he challenged the views I myself published more than twenty years ago, and so, despite leaving that particular field of research in the interval, I welcome this opportunity to re-examine afresh some of its more controversial aspects in the light of his views and also of research published since I wrote.2 This discussion, beginning with the evidence of Domesday Book, allows me to develop the subject into a more general survey of the weight standards of the medieval English coinage up to the fourteenth century, and, to discuss in particular, the use of troy and tower weight. Dr Lyon has added further comments on the latter subject below, which remains a disputed one between us.


the researching of enzymatic additive "Noopazyme" as improver in producing the pasta from baking flour that is topical today is presented in papers. The influence of "Noopazyme" on the technological processes of dough kneading and forming of products is installed. It gives the possibility to prove and regulate the technological parameters of pasta producing depending on quality of raw and applying equipment. Consumer value of pasta products depends on quality and technological characteristics of raw and using the high technological equipment. Today producing of domestic pasta products of high quality makes more difficult because Ukrainian producer of pasta products process only baking wheat flour that in case of absence special technological ways (techniques) leads to getting the poor quality products, that lies in increasing of quantity of scrap and bit, making microcracks in transportation, realizing, loosing of form and adhesion after cooking. Ukrainian market is supersaturated of goods of foreign producers including pasta products. So searching the ways of producing of high quality and competitive domestic pasta products is urgent. Now the food additives are wide used for improving of quality of food products. In domestic practice using of enzymatic additives (EA) as food additives in pasta producing earlier not have been applied as fermentative processes is not of great importance. Today in Ukraine EA after trade title "Noopazyme" is realized. This additive is enzyme on a basis of lipase that degrades triglycerides at the place of enteric link with formation of glycerin and high lipid acids. The authors have been installed the expediency of using of "Noopazyme" for improving the quality of products to indexes of firmness, glassiness, cooking characteristics: products hold the shape in good way, are stable to overcooking and quantity of dry substances that go to cooked water reduces. Authors recommend the dose of additive for producing of pasta products is 0,004 – 0,008 % to flow 1. Selection of optimal parameters of producing of pasta products gives the possibility to get product of high organoleptical and physical-chemical indexes. It is necessary to have knowledge about changing of quality of half-finished products (pasta dough, raw only pressed pasta products) 2. Pasta dough essentially differs from other dough masses of food purpose. During preliminary mixing of ingredients (mainly flow and water) crumbed mass is forming that during further processing under pressure gradually transforms into dense bound mass. Its moisture, temperature and structure making additives also influences on crumbness of dough. Crumbness, for its part, will influence on speed of pressing. So, researching of structure of dough and parameters of pressing of products with enzymatic additives will give opportunity to prove and vary the technological parameters of producing of pasta dough depending of quality of raw materials, characteristics of equipment etc. The influence of EA "Noopazyme" in quantity 0,004 and 0,008% to flow on structure and indexes of pressing of products had been researched in papers. Structure (crumbness) of pasta dough had been determined by dispersion of 500 g of prepared dough at the system from 4 metal sieves ##7, 5, 3 and 1 and by determining of mass of obtained fractions. Rest on sieves differs from granulometric composition: crumbs greater (larger) than 7 mm, from 5 till 7 mm, from 3 till 5 mm and from 1 till 3mm. Mass of crumbs of different fractions have been shown in percents to total (whole) mass (500 g). Among characteristics of pressing the productivity of press and speed of pressing had been researched. Speed of pressing (V pr) had been determined by measuring of length of raw (not dried) products that have been pressed during 30 c and have been shown in mm/c; productivity of press (Ppr) – by weighing of these products and showing in kg/hour. Additives have been dosed into dough in water suspension with temperature 40 degree Celsius (recommended by producer), dough have been kneaded at pasta press "MAKMA-M" (Russia) with moisture 32 %. Pasta dough with "Noopazyme" is characterized by more small crumbs comparing to dough without additive (fig. 1): with increasing the dose of enzymatic additives the quantity of crumbs of 3 largest fractions naturally decreases as content of most small crumbs fractions with dimension of crumbs from 1 to 3 mm increases. Apparently it is the result of increasing of water absorbing capability of dough. So (such) small crumbs structure of pasta dough causes decreasing of indexes of pressing of pasta products with "Noopazyme" (fig.2). Speed of pressing of pasta products decreases in case of dosing the EA 0,004 % and 0,008 % accordingly at 11 % and 20 % comparing to the control. Productivity of press decreases too. In producing of pasta products different types of kneading of dough are using depending of its moisture and temperature of water 2. In case of using the enzymatic additive "Noopazyme" it is important to research the reservation of it activity as water of different temperature for preparing of suspension use. The water with temperature 30, 40 degrees Celsius that corresponds to cold kneading has been used for analyze as well as water with temperature 50 and 75 degrees Celsius that corresponds to warm kneading. The quantity of enzyme (g) that delivers 1 micromole of oleic acid from 40 % emulsion of olive oil if pH 7,0 and temperature 40 degrees Celsius during 1 hour is 1 unit of enzymatic activity. Determining of activity of enzyme in water suspension has been made by modified method of Ott, Yamad that lies in determining by titration by alkali of fatty acids which had been generated after acting of lipase in using the olive oil as substrate 3. For choosing the concentration of solution of enzymatic additive on the condition that different between control and analyze titration was from 0,8 to 1,5 mg. Results of analyzing evident (fig. 3) that during rising the temperature from 30 to 40 degrees Celsius activity of lipase increases but at 50 degrees Celsius activity sharply decreases. At 75 degrees Celsius results of titration were negative that evident the inactivation of enzyme. Maximum activity of lipase is seen at 40 degrees Celsius. So it has been installed that optimal temperature for lipase acting is 40 degrees Celsius, so water exactly of this temperature has been recommended for using in preparing of suspension of enzymatic additive. Thus at basis of carried out analyzes it has been installed that addition of "Noopazyme" causes formation more small crumbed dough. As a result it makes decreasing of parameters of products pressing. It has been recommended to use water with temperature 40 degrees Celsius for preparing of suspension of enzymatic additive. So taking into account of obtained dependences it is possible to regulate the technological parameters of kneading of dough and forming of products for getting quality pasta products with "Noopazyme". 1. Євсеєнко Т.П., Юрчак В.Г., Дробот В.І. Поліпшення якості макаронних виробів // Харчова промисловість. Додаток до журналу No3. – 2004. – С. 85 – 86. 2. Медведев Г.М. Технология макаронного производства. – М.: Колос, 1999. – 272 с. 3. Лабораторный практикум по технологии ферментных препаратов / И.М. Грачева, Ю.П. Грачев, М.С. Мосичев и др. – М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1982. – 240 с.


This paper analyses the transformation of the social representation of fathers, with particular reference to the social parenthood, which arises from the debate on the paternity crisis. The origin of paternity is traced back to the psycho-pedagogical level, by comparing biological and social paternity. This way, they establish the primary elements behind the outlining of the process of paternal identity. Discussion about the father's role allows us to overcome the opposing masculine and feminine parenting models that sustain the concept of the "paternity crisis", approaching a model that looks at how the subject expresses his or her parenthood within the family and sociocultural context, beyond a perspective centered on gender stereotypes.


Unclassified Information Brief to provide the WCA a sketch of NPS's Hastily Formed Network deployed in support of the emergency response to Hurricane Katrina.


The construction cost is the key for scheme selection and is the main basis evaluating investment effect. The purpose for stakeholders in the construction projects is to control the construction cost within a reasonable level. The current situation of cost control in Chinese construction projects was analyzed. The important role of construction supervision was clarified. Through the comparative analysis of each stage,the design stage was regarded as the core for the cost control during the project construction.,and the design result directly influences the project. It is necessary to make the construction supervision throughout every activity in design stage for better construction cost control,which is the new requirement for the construction supervision pattern in the last twenty years.


We measure the temperature dependence of the radial breathing mode in an optically trapped, strongly-interacting Fermi gas of $^6$Li, just above the center of a broad Feshbach resonance. The frequency remains close to the unitary hydrodynamic value, while the damping rate reveals transitions at two well-separated temperatures, consistent with the existence of atom pairs above a superfluid transition.


A major goal of structural health monitoring (SHM) is to provide accurate and responsive detection and monitoring of flaws. This research work reports an investigation of SPES sensors for damage detection, investigating different sensor sizes and how they affect the sensor's signal. A sensor able to monitor structural change that can be remotely interrogated and does not need a power supply is presented in this work. The SPES-sensor presents the great advantage of monitoring conductive and non-conductive structures such as fiberglass-reinforced composites (FRC) and carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP). Any phenomena that affect the magnetic field of the SPES can be detected and monitored. A study was conducted to investigate the capability of sensor to give information on structural changes, simulated by the presence of an external mass placed in the proximity of sensor. Effect of different positions of the SPES within the sample, and how to extend the area of inspection using multiple sensors was investigated. The sensor was tested embedded in the samples, simulating the structural change on both sides of the sample. In both configurations the sensor described herein demonstrated a great potential to monitor structural changes.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose was to analyze the effects of three sterilization methods (dry heat sterilization, steam sterilization, and chemical sterilization) on the corrosion of dental fissure bur.

METHODS
200 dental fissure burs were distributed to 10 groups. Bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength were measured by bending and torsional instrument and calculated with special designed software. Among the three sterilization methods, the steam sterilization group showed the most evident.

RESULTS
The corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. With the sterilization time increased, bending strength, elastic modulus, and torsional strength decreased respectively. Of the three sterilization methods, the mechanical properties were decreased most evidently by steam sterilization, followed by chemical sterilization and dry heat sterilization.

CONCLUSION
It is proved that the bending strength, elastic modulus and torsional strength have a tight relationship with the corrosion of dental fissure burs. The corrosion was most severe in steam sterilization group, followed by chemical sterilization, dry heat sterilization. In regards of the corrosive effect, the dry heat sterilization might be the best way to sterilize the dental fissure burs.


Fracture toughness is an important property of transformation-toughening materials. Since indentation techniques are not reliable, notched-beam techniques using slicing wheels on grinding machines are often used. Notching can induce residual stress as well as cracks, the effect of which cannot be completely nullified by annealing. Hence, the fracture toughness estimation methods may not yield realistic values for transformation-toughening materials. The present paper reports on a reliable technique for notch preparation which can completely exclude the detrimental effects of stress/cracking that may arise due to notching, using slicing wheels on grinding machines.


Cochlear implant (CI) is the most successful auditory prosthesis and has changed the life for nearly half million people with profound hearing loss. The number and function of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the cochlea are crucial to CI performance. Clinically, some patients with SGNs degeneration fail to return to normal life due to unsatisfactory performance of their CIs. In this study, we show in a swine model that combined stem cell delivery and electrical stimulation (ES) via CI (defined as Cochlear-Bioelectrode) achieved stem cell enrichment near the SGNs and lowered CI stimulation thresholds. ES generated by the cochlear implant electrode array guided human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker to cross the osseous spiral lamina via naturally existing openings and congregate in the SGN region. In seven days, surprisingly efficient hiPSC migration into the SGN region was demonstrated, while hiPSC delivery and enrichment in the SGN region failed without ES. After two weeks of combined electric stimulation and stem cell delivery treatment, the number of SGNs increased significantly in the 60-day old pig model (mean number = 129.6/field), as compared to untreated deafness pigs of the same age (mean number = 6.2/field). With the replenished SGNs, CI stimulation thresholds were significantly reduced and hearing sensitivity and dynamic range extended, as demonstrated by electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses. Our findings provide the first evidence that in vivo Cochlear-Bioelectrode (CBe) may be feasible with broad promising clinical applications.


The function of a metro station area is vital for city planners to consider when establishing a context-aware Transit-Oriented Development policy around the station area. However, the functions of metro station areas are hard to infer using the static land use distribution and other traditional survey datasets. In this paper, we propose a method to infer the functions occurring around the metro station catchment areas according to the patterns of staying activities derived from smart card data. We first define the staying activities by the spatial and temporal constraints of the two consecutive alighting and boarding records from the individual travel profile. Then we cluster and label the whole staying activities by considering the features of duration, frequency, and start time. By analyzing the percentage of different types of aggregated activities happening around each metro station, we cluster and explore the functions of the metro station area. Taking Wuhan as a case study, we analyze the results of Wuhan metro systems and discuss the similarities and differences between the functions and the land use distribution around the station area. The results show that although there exist some agreements, there is also a gap between the human activities and the land uses around the station area. These findings could give us deeper insight into how people act around the stations by metro systems, which will ultimately benefit the urban planning and policy development.


Networks on Chip (NoCs) have emerged as the key paradigm for designing a scalable communication infrastructure for future Multi-Processors Systems on Chip(MPSoCs). An important issue in NoC design is how to configure a NoC-based architecture and how to map an application on this architecture in order to satisfy the performance and cost requirements. In this paper, we propose an approach that concurrently optimizes the configuration of NoC-based architectures and the mapping of streaming applications. The proposed approach exploits multiobjective evolutionary algorithms that are fed by execution performances scores corresponding to the evaluated MPSoC configurations and mappings ability to pipeline execution of the streaming application. As an optimization result, most promising configurations and mappings are highlighted. We show results for mapping an image processing application onto a configurable MPSoC architecture. These results highlight MPSoC architectures configured to interconnect up to 12 processors using Crossbar, Mesh and Ring topologies.


Writing of pneumoencephalography (PEG) in the diagnosis of dementia, Critchley (1933) stated 'short-cuts to diagnosis are still treacherous'. These strictures are even more applicable to computed tomography (CT) because the short-cut is easier to negotiate and is without hazard to the patient. Thus while it is not surprising that the advent of CT created a climate of optimism with regard to its use in the diagnosis of dementia (Fox et 01. 1975, Menzer et 01. 1975), long-term follow-up studies ofpatients given this clinical label (Nott & Fleminger 1975, Ron et 01. 1979) suggest that caution needs to be exercised if a high proportion of incorrect diagnoses is to be avoided. The aim of this review is to evaluate critically the role of CT in patients showing cognitive impairment. Before addressing this issue a brief summary of some data from the PEG literature will be made, since it is against this background that the contribution of CT scanning must be assessed.


A CMOS self-tuned low noise amplifier (LNA) with single-to-differential function is presented. A tuned LNA with high-Q band-pass filtering is reconfigured to an oscillator simply by enabling a positive feedback buffer. Using the proposed LNA, an RF filter can be self-tuned without additional tone-generator circuits, and the calibration system is greatly simplified. By adopting a differential hybrid voltage buffer, differential imbalance is minimized. For a proof-of-concept, the proposed LNA is implemented using a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The circuit operates in a tuning range of 0.8-1.5 GHz, while the error between oscillation and center frequency is less than 5%. A pass band gain of 26.7-30 dB, a noise figure (NF) of 3.9-4.3 dB, and an in/out band IIP3 of -9.9/+10.6 dBm are obtained. The LNA consumes 9 mA with 1.8 V supply.


The design of rooms for musical interpretation is the most complex from an acoustic point of view, as each type of music requires a room with specific and differentiated acoustic characteristics. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in relating subjective assessments of the acoustic quality of a room to a series of objective (physically measurable) parameters. In particular, in concert hall design, the reverberation time (RT) and the strength factor (G), related to loudness, have been considered of crucial importance. In this research, an optimal preliminary design methodology of concert hall geometry is proposed with the objective of keeping the mentioned acoustical parameters within desirable ranges. The methodology is based on a combination of a simplified acoustic diffusion model (SADM) and the simulated annealing (SA) optimization technique. The SADM allows one to accurately and quickly evaluate the effects of different geometries on acoustic parameters and the SA method is used to direct the search of the optimum set of design geometric variables.


This paper compares the transients of the constrained RLS (CRLS) algorithm with the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) employing an RLS algorithm. It is shown that the requirement for transientequivalence is satisfied by the GSC structure using proper initialization, and any restriction concerning orthogonality of the matrices involved may be relaxed. This result differs from the more restrictive case for transient-equivalence of the constrained LMS (CLMS) algorithm and the GSC employing LMS algorithm. Simulations in beamforming and systemidentification applications confirms the theoretical results. I. Introduction DAPTATION algorithms which satisfy linear constraints finds applications in several areas of signal processing, such as beamforming and blind multiuser detection in codedivision multiple-access (CDMA) systems. By imposing a set of linear constraints on the adaptive filter, the necessity of a desired signal can often be relaxed, resulting in what is commonly referred to as blind algorithms. Linear constraints usually reflects the prior knowledge of the system, like direction of arrival (DOA) of user signals in antenna array processing [1], [2], user spreading code in blind adaptive multiuser detection [3], [4], or linear phase [5]. The constrained LMS (CLMS) algorithm, which does not require re-initialization and incorporates the constraints into the solution was first introduced by Frost [1]. More recently, other constrained adaptation algorithms were introduced which are tailored to specific applications or present advantageous performance regarding convergence and robustness see, e.g., [6], [7]–[12]. The constrained RLS (CRLS) algorithm introduced in [6] is one solution which tries to overcome the problem of slow convergence experienced with the CLMS algorithm in situations when the input signal is strongly correlated. An alternative approach to implement linearly constrained (LC) adaptive filters was introduced in [2], which became known as the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC). By transforming the constrained minimization problem into an unconstrained minimization problem, the GSC structure allows that any adaptation algorithm be directly applied. The GSC structure makes use of a blocking matrix that must be orthogonal to the corresponding constraint matrix. It has been shown in [2] that in order for the transients of the CLMS algorithm and the GSC employing an LMS algorithm to be the same, the blocking matrix needs to be unitary. The S. Werner is with the Signal Processing Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-02015, Espoo, Finland (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). J. A. Apolinario is with the Departamento de Engenharia Eletrica, Instituto Militar de Engenharia, Praca General Tiburcio 80, RJ, Brazil, 22.290-270 (email: email@example.com). M. L. R. de Campos is with COPPE/EE-Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68504, RJ, Brazil, 21945-970 (e-mail: email@example.com). requirement of a unitary blocking matrix can lead to a computationally complex implementation of the GSC structure. This is because the computations required for the multiplication of the input-signal vector with the blocking matrix may exceed the filtering operation by an order of magnitude. In these situations employing other approaches may be more efficient [9], [11]. For the case of non-unitary blocking matrices, the transient, or equivalently, the convergence speed, depends on the step size and the particular blocking matrix chosen. In other words, if the blocking matrix changes the step size changes, including the limits for stability. An equivalence-comparison of the transients has not yet been performed for the CRLS algorithm and the GSC structure employing an RLS algorithm, herein referred to as the GSC-RLS algorithm. The goal of this paper is to investigate what are the requirements for transient-equivalence when considering the implementations of the CRLS and the GSC-RLS algorithms. The following question may be asked: Is the requirement of unitary blocking matrix related to the implementation of the LMS algorithm carried over to the case of the RLS algorithm? It is shown that this is not the case, and that the transients of the CRLS and the GSC-RLS algorithm are equal with probability one. As a consequence, any valid non-unitary blocking matrix used in the GSC-RLS structure will always produce the same curves as the CRLS algorithm. II. The Constrained Least-Squares Filter In linearly constrained adaptive filtering, the constraints are given by a set of equations H (1) where is a constraint matrix and is a vector containing the constraint values. The constrained recursive least-squares (CRLS) algorithm to be discussed in Section III solves the following optimization problem ! H " " subject to H # $ (2) where the error vector " is defined as " %& " ('*) H " + (3) and %& " -,/.0 1 325476 89.: " ;'= ?@?A? 20BC6 8>.: DE GF T (4) )H 1 JILK " (2 4M6 8 K " N'O 1 +]f (10) and Py9 & $Z\[ 4 " b H Z [ 4 Sd [ 4 b {' H Z [ 4 ^]_ " d (11) The coefficient-vector Wxcy9 is an unconstrained solution (the deterministic Wiener solution) and is independent of the constraints, whereas Py9 depends on the constraints imposed by H | } . The coefficient-vector xcy already has a recursive expression given by the unconstrained RLS algorithm [14] Wxcy9 WxcyA " ~'= R€ s xcy M'{ (12) where '{ " W JZ [ 4 1 K 1 is the gain vector, and €>xcy@ " W .0 ('ƒ Hxcy ~'= K " is the a priori unconstrained error. In order to derive a recursive update for y " , let us define the auxiliary matrices " and " , which have dimensions g ; and H ~ , respectively. " j Z\[ 4 " (13) " j H " & H Z [ 4c " (14) such that y & " [ 4 " b e' H xcy " d (15) For the case of a single constraint, " is a scalar and computation of [ 4 is trivial. In case of multiple constraints, a recursive formula will be required to reduce the computational complexity. Since the objective of this paper is to perform an equivalence study and not to derive efficient updating schemes, Table I shows only the basic recursions of the CRLS algorithm as stated by Equations (12)–(15). For a more efficient implementation of the CRLS algorithm, see [6] and [5]. For the equivalence study to be carried out in Section V we show in the Appendix that the CRLS recursions can be written as (see Appendix) ;'O ' ŒŽ BC Œ H  Bw 9'p' H  Bw ŒŽ Bw F €>xcy9 .: " ('ƒ Hx>y " ;'= K 1 xcy xcy " ~'= R€ s xcy M'{ " j Z [ 4 " " j H " " xcy9 1 `R " [ 4 _I" e' H Wxcy9 Q " IV. Generalized Sidelobe Canceller Structure This section reviews the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure, and provides the necessary definitions for the equivalence study in the next section. For a more detailed treatment of the GSC structure, see, e.g, [2] and [14]. Many implementations of LC adaptive filters utilize the advantages of the GSC model [14], mainly because this model employs unconstrained adaptation algorithms that have been extensively studied in the literature. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the GSC model. Matrix • in Figure 1 is a full-rank – ' blocking matrix designed to filter out completely the components of the input signal that are in the same directions as the constraints. Matrix • must span the null space of the constraint matrix , i.e., • H — . The upper part of the GSC structure implements the constraints through the T < vector ˜ defined as ˜ š™+ H ;› [ 4 (17) The ' < vector GSC can be adapted freely using any unconstrained adaptation algorithm. The desired signal


This study was concerned with mental health literacy specifically with regard to depression. It aimed to investigate "depression literacy" in a sample of urban and rural Indians in Malaysia. A total of 314 participants completed a survey that examined knowledge about depression using a vignette-identification method, and ratings of statements about causes and treatments for depression. The vignette-identification task showed that urban participants were more likely than rural participants to identify depression as such. Only a small minority of rural participants recognised the disorder, using the actual term depression. Factor analysis of the causes and belief items revealed a number of distinct factors, of which trauma and stress were the most strongly endorsed causal factor. For treatment, religious observance and lifestyle factors were rated highly by both groups. The findings suggest that information campaigns are needed to increase the level of awareness about depression targeting the rural population. Limitations are considering including possible ethnocentric biases. The implications of these results are considered.


A concurrent exploitation of the capabilities of neural networks and SAR interferometry is considered for the characterization of a seismic source and the estimation of its geometric parameters. This requires the generation of an appropriate number of synthetic interferograms necessary for the network training phase. After the training the network is ready to perform the inversion on new interferograms. The paper illustrates the assessment of such a methodology over a significant set of experimental data.


Direct yaw moment control (DYC) is a recent active safety method introduced to control vehicle handling dynamics in non-linear regimes. The external yaw moment is considered as an important control input for DYC, which should be kept as low as possible. In the current paper, to achieve this aim, an optimal yaw rate tracking law is developed for DYC by the response prediction of a continuous non-linear vehicle dynamics model. A linear yaw rate model limited by tyre/road conditions is proposed as a desired model to be tracked by the controller. The derived control law is evaluated and its main features are discussed. The performed analysis gives an insight into the regulation of free parameters of the control law to make a compromise between tracking accuracy and control energy. The effectiveness of the designed controller is compared with a sliding mode controller, reported in literature, through simulations of various manoeuvres using a developed non-linear full vehicle dynamics model. The simulation results indicate that a satisfactory handling performance through a reduced external yaw moment can be achieved when the proposed optimal controller is engaged with the model.


Educational activities are part of the nursing work process. In that regard, this paper aimed to identify how nurses conceived continuing education. This qualitative, descriptive study was conducted in June and August 2011 at a high-complexity philanthropic hospital in northern Parana State. The participants, selected by lot, were 18 nurses from different sectors and shifts, who had been with the institution for at least one year. The results showed that the nurses confuse continuing and permanent education. Better communication is needed between nurses of the continuing education sector and nurses on the wards, to discuss the matter further and, together with the managers, define issues in continuing education and ways of using permanent education as a management strategy.


The article reveals the main changing tendencies of the organization of family education in the conditions of a sociocultural situation of market economy. The socio-economic problems of modern families are identified and characterized: the crisis of the demographic situation; adaptation of the modern family to the deterioration of their financial and economic situation; orphanhood, semi-orphanhood; the refugee problem associated with the war in the east; changes in family structure; weakening the natural institution of motherhood; decreased reproductive function of the family; changes in the performance of social functions of the family. Ways to increase the effectiveness of parental influence on the formation of the culture of the younger generation are identified. The possibilities of family upbringing in the formation of the spiritual world of the individual through the prism of the formation of value orientations and attitudes, on which depends and which determines the integrity and nature of interaction with society. The article identifies and analyzes the features of personality-oriented approach to education in the modern family, emphasizes the need to pay attention to the world of the child, preserving its subjectivity, taking into account individual development. The personality-oriented approach is considered in comparison with the one-sided approach, which has become widespread in the family environment. Emphasis is placed on the complexity of implementing a personality-oriented approach in the organization, determining the content and choosing methods of family education. The effectiveness of the organization of personality-oriented education and the role of parents in its implementation are revealed.


Many early studies reported the importance of vowels and vowel-consonant transitions to speech intelligibility. The present work assessed their perceptual impacts to the understanding of time-compressed sentences, which could be used to measure the temporal acuity during speech understanding. Mandarin sentences were edited to selectively preserve vowel centers or vowel-consonant transitional segments, and compress the rest regions with equipment time compression rates (TCRs) up to 3, including conditions only preserving vowel centers or vowel-consonant transitions. The processed stimuli were presented to normal-hearing listeners to recognize. Results showed that, consistent with the segmental contributions in understanding uncompressed speech, the vowel-only time-compressed stimuli were highly intelligible (i.e., intelligibility score >85%) at a TCR around 3, and vowel-consonant transitions carried important intelligibility information in understanding time-compressed sentences. The time-compression conditions in the present work provided higher intelligibility scores than their counterparties in understanding the PSOLA-processed timecompressed sentences with TCRs around 3. The findings in this work suggested that the design of time compression processing could be guided towards selectively preserving perceptually important speech segments (e.g., vowels) in the


Abstract After identifying 29 intellectually gifted kindergartners using a combination of screening tests and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary' Scale of Intelligence— Revised, we compared the gifted students' peer acceptance and social play with two control groups of nongifted classmates. A disproportionate number of girls was identified as gifted. Although there were no significant differences between gifted and control girls in terms of peer acceptance, gifted boys received significantly fewer positive and more negative sociometric ratings than controls. The social play of gifted and control children was indistinguishable in terms of peer association pattern (solitary, parallel‐simultaneous, or group play) and general focus (exploration, construction, dramatic, etc.). Gifted children tended to associate with more popular, though not more intellectually advanced classmates than their nongifted classmates.