compare neuronal responses for each trial type within the cue and delay conditions. The source of significant variance was then determined by the Tukey HSD test. All delay-related and stimulusspecific neuronal responses were based on significant comparisons. Care of the monkeys was in accordance with the Yale University Animal Care Committee. 8. On PDR trials, neuron 787 responded during the delay period (26 spikes per second) after a pattem that required a rightward saccade and was significantly less responsive (12.5 spikes per second) after the other pattern, and after spatial cues (11 and 10 spikes per second) on SDR trials. Spontaneous activity was 8.4 spikes per second. 9. The delay period activity of neuron 627 on SDR trials was 13.5 spikes per second after spatial cues requiring saccades 130 to the right, significantly greater than the delay activity (2.9 spikes per second) for leftward-going saccades, and the delay activity (4.2 and 0.9 spikes per second) on PDR trials. Spontaneous activity was 1.9 spikes per second. 10. The picture fixation task required the monkey to fixate while stimuli (subtending 100) were presented in foveal vision for 1 s, and juice was delivered 0.5 s after stimulus offset; directional saccades were not required. This task utilized a library of 280 stimuli, grouped into 40 sets of seven images (five objects, one color field, and one face). The stimuli were digitized photographs of laboratory objects; each color field was of uniform hue, generated by mixing red-green-blue values with graphics software. 11. Neuron 787: a total of 30 objects was presented (294 trials), of which 22 elicited a response (range, 37.6 to 14.3 spikes per second, mean, 24 spikes per second; spontaneous activity, 8.4 spikes per second); the other 8 objects failed to elicit any change in firing rate. The neuron (Figs. 1 B and 2A) was unresponsive on SDR trials (80 trials) when the monkey had to remember and respond to the locations of 8 spatial cues; the average response to these 8 cues was 8.1 spikes per second. 12. D. I. Perrett, E. T. Rolls, A. W. Caan, Exp. Brain Res. 47, 329 (1982). 13. The responses of neuron 566 to faces ranged from 99 to 30.6 (mean, 64) spikes per second for 12 face stimuli presented, significantly greater than the responses to 14 objects ranging from 23 to 8.2 (mean, 16.4) spikes per second; data were obtained on 240 trials of the picture task. The neuron was unresponsive (mean, 11.8 spikes per second) in the eight-location SDR task (80 trials). Spontaneous activity was 16.2 spikes per second. 14. Neuron 532 fired during the delay period over which the monkey was required to remember one particular face (11.8 spikes per second), a response significantly greater than the responses to another face (3.9 spikes per second) and to the two patterns (6.1 and 5.9 spikes per second). Spontaneous activity was 5.3 spikes per second. 15. C. G. Gross, C. E. Rocha-Miranda, D. B. Bender, J. Neurophysiol. 35,96 (1972); R. Desimone, T. D. Albright, C. G. Gross, C. J. Bruce, J. Neurosci. 4, 2051 (1984). 16. E. K. Miller, L. U, R. Desimone, Science254, 1377 (1991); I. P. Riches, F. A. W. Wilson, M. W. Brown, J. Neurosci. 11, 1763 (1991). 17. K. Kawamura and J. Naito, Neurosci. Res. 1, 89 (1984); H. Barbas, J. Comp. Neurol. 276, 313 (1988). 18. K. A. Macko et al., Science 218, 394 (1982). 19. Stimulus-selective neuronal activity in the inferior convexity did not depend on directional eye movements, but we have recorded dorsolateral prefrontal neurons with conditional responses to foveal stimuli when the stimuli required a specific movement in the PDR task. 20. A. Incisa della Rochetta, Cortex22, 189 (1986); R. A. McCarthy and E. K. Warrington, Cognitive Neuropsychology (Academic Press, London, 1 990). 21. M. Corbetta etal., J. Neurosci. 11, 2383 (1991); D. A. Weinberger, K. F. Berman, R. F. Zec, Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 43, 114 (1986). 22. This research was supported by National Institutes of Mental Health grants MH44866 and MH38546 and by McDonnell Foundation grant JSMF 91-47.


In the cities of the South, the car remains the ideal mode in all social classes. Nevertheless, in Sub-Saharan Africa more than in other geographical regions, its high purchase price and operating costs, makes it a mode reserved for the wealthy. Through secondary analysis of quantitative surveys carried out amongst households of two Sahelian capitals (Bamako and Ouagadougou), socioeconomically contrasting users and distinct ways of using the car are identified. Both dimensions help to legimate the ambiguous idea held about the car: even if it is strongly monopolized by its owner, other people (members of the family, friends or colleagues) not having a car of their own, may use it as passengers.


With the rapid development of Internet,network became useful tool to search important source of data.Because information on the WWW storages in HTML pages,the web classification becomes a very necessary.This paper used open-source software,designed and implemented of a Chinese web classification model.This paper used meta search technology to achieve data acquisition,effectively raised the breadth and depth of acquisition.Using the professional thesaurus to segment improves the effectiveness of the segment.This paper presents a feature extraction method based on the similarity curve when VSM model is set up,it has effectively resolved the high dimensional feature extraction and raised the distinction,reduced the amount of computation and achieved good result.


Abstract : Annamycin is a non-cross resistant doxorubicin analog that is formulated in a liposomal carrier. We have completed a phase I study and initiated a phase II study of liposomal Annamycin in patients with metastatic breast carcinoma. The maximum tolerated dose was 210/mg/m2. The limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Other toxicities were limited to allergic reactions. No significant cardiotoxicity, alopecia, mucositis, nor gastrointestinal toxicity have been observed. No antitumor responses were observed in the Phase I study. Three patients have been accrued in the Phase II study. Tumor tissue is being stored for determination of MDR-1 and MRP status at baseline and after therapy.


This article introduces the basic composing and the mechanism of action of the PFC class library provided by PowerBuilder. Then , an example is given to explain how to construct an application quickly with the help of PFC. It can be seen from the example that the goal of getting the result twice with half of the effort can be achieved by software reuse of class library level in software development.


Water is an important source for life in the world. If we lost it, many problems will arise. The location of this research is in Kerobokan area, Badung Regency, and some areas of Tabanan Regency. This research was done by observing and interviewing about 41 people, consisting of Villa's, Hotels and Restaurants owner (investor), domestic and international tourists, staff of PDAM and Government, and farmers. This research was conducted from January- February 2011, with some students from IREST Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne and some students from Udayana University. From the data of this study, then Tabanan and Badung were being compared, so it can be seen the similarities and differences in water issues that occur in each region. Then, the development of the infrastructure has reduced the farming field and in Tabanan, in dry season, water can be a serious problem. The actors in that conflict are between farmers, between farmers and Government (PDAM), and between farmers and investors (Villas, Hotels and Restaurants owner). The type of the conflict in Tabanan and Badung is the lack of water and water pollution.


We evaluated and demonstrated strong vertical-coupling characteristics of vertical directional couplers based on long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LRSPPs) at 1.55μm wavelength. Fundamental even and odd modes supported by LRSPP metal-stripe waveguides compete more strongly on vertical coupling structures than on lateral coupling structures, possibly leading to less power consumption for switching and to compactness in device length and width. LRSPP-based vertically coupled routing of signals can also be a powerful means of developing three-dimensional photonic integrated circuits and optical printed circuit boards.


The nature of oceans and seas and their jurisdictional zones. The history of the law of the sea. The sources of the international law of the sea. The baseline. Delimitation and apportionment. The internal waters, territorial sea, strait and contiguous zone. The high seas. Continental shelf. Exclusive economic zone. Exploitation and use of the seabed beyond national jurisdiction. International fishery management and protection of marine mammals. Marine pollution. Marine scientific research and transfer of marine technology. Settlement of disputes relating to the law of the sea. The law of the war and neutrality in warfare at sea. Table of claims to maritime zones and countries ratified by the 1982 United Nations convention on the law of the sea.


The Old Red Sandstone occurs in Gower in several inliers which form hills rising above the undulating plateau of Carboniferous Limestone. The chief are Cefn-y-bryn (548 feet) in mid-Gower, Llanmadog Hill (609 feet), the westerly extension of Cefn-y-bryn in north-west Gower, and Rhosilli Down (633 feet) in the extreme west of Gower.


The Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting ceramics with T_c (onset)=112K, T_c (R=0)=
85.3K were prepared by quenching process. The Meissner effect of the sample appears at about
84.0K.


The dispensing of low vision aids has historically been handled through eye care personnel in largely isolated low vision clinics. Recently there have been moves to involve rehabilitation workers and teachers to achieve a more integrated diagnosis and prescription of low vision optical and non-optical aids that will best meel the needs of low vision people.

The identification of those who would benefit from low vision services needs to be considered in regard to the limitations imposed by factors such as the definition of legal blindness. Better means of describing the service and developing more knowledgeable referral channels are important needs. The consideration of alternative and regional locations for provision of low vision care is necessary in the development of comprehensive low vision services.

Legislation in the United States that requires all visually handicapped children to have the right to be education in a regular school is creating a greater awareness of the difficulties involved in assuring that children received the best help possible in developing their low vision functional potential. Children and adults' full capabilities, both physically and psychologically must be considered in any low vision care program regardless of where it is provided. Follow up and evaluation of ail services is necessary for individual adjustment to problems that develop with changing circumstances.


The effect of molecular weight on the isothermal crystallization and complex melting behavior of polymorphic nylon-6 has been studied within the context of the steplike crystallization and melting ...


A chimney is a structure which provides ventilation for hot gases from industries to the outside atmosphere which are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly. Tall reinforced concrete chimney are used in thermal power plant as well as in some important industries as to dispose the pollutant smoke to the higher elevation without contaminate to atmospheric air. To maintain this, chimneys are constructed as much as tall. As a result, chimneys are tall slender structures. They have different associated structural problems and must be treated separately from other form of tower structures. Collapse of this chimney structures would lead to shut down of whole thermal power plant and important industries. In order to prevent the collapse of the chimney structures, seismic demands must be determined accurately. So a non-linear dynamic analysis as well as pushover analysis of a 115m high chimney which was collapsed during an earthquake in turkey, is conducted and the response of the chimney is studied in this paper by using SAP 2000 software. Also study the 3D pushover analysis method by considering 3D interaction effect in lateral loading pattern of pushover. The results obtained by this 3D pushover analysis will be compared with the results obtained with those of non-linear dynamic analysis.


Summary The distribution of bilirubin between albumin and mitochondria suspended in isotonic aqueous media was investigated between the range of 6.5-7.4. It was found that more bilirubin is associated with the mitochondrial phase as the hydrogen ion concentration of the medium increased. Salicylate was additive to the influence of pH on bilirubin distribution, and the combined effects of salicylate and pH 6.5 displaced bilirubin from albumin even at molar ratios of bilirubin to albumin less than one.


ABSTRACT A new diminutive, long-tailed species of African wormsnake related to Leptotyphlops bicolor is described from Nigeria. The new species differs from L. bicolor by possessing a single anterior supralabial, a longer tail with fewer subcaudals, and the absence of brown pigment and an apical spine on the tail tip. The new species, which with L. bicolor, L. broadleyi, and L. sundewalli form the L. bicolor species group, shares characteristics with several New World taxa; these characteristics are probably plesiomorphic in the Old World radiation of Leptotyphlops.


Rotation Transformation is the backbone of visualization of 3D objects. Rotation transformations allow viewing objects from different angles. Rotations about the principal axes are straightforward whereas the rotation about an arbitrary axis is complex. In mobile environment, rotations is computed continuously as the objects move and is thus a costly operation. We give intuitive, constructive, and simpler than the existing methods for creating rotation transformation about mobile axis. It builds upon the intrinsic property of rotation about an arbitrary axis, not the angles the axis makes with the principal axes. We compare it with the existing proofs. Finally, we give an example by interactively creating an axis, and 3D object created by rotation of a mouse drawn polygonal curve. We hope that the application developers and practitioners will find it useful.


Flexural creep studies were conducted in a commercially available alumina matrix composite reinforced with SiC particulates (SiC{sub p}) and aluminum metal at temperatures from 1,200 to 1,300 C under selected stress levels in air. The alumina composite (5 to 10 {micro}m alumina grain size) containing 48 vol% SiC particulates and 13 vol% aluminum alloy was fabricated via a directed metal oxidation process (DIMOX{trademark}) and had an external 15 {micro}m oxide coating. Creep results indicated that the DIMOX Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiC{sub p} composite exhibited creep rates that were comparable to alumina composites reinforced with 10 vol% (8 {micro}m grain size) and 50 vol% (1.5 {micro}m grain size) SiC whiskers under the employed test conditions. The DIMOX Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiC{sub p} composite exhibited a stress exponent of 2 at 1,200 C and a higher exponent value (2.6) at {ge}1,260 C, which is associated with the enhanced creep cavitation. The creep mechanism in the DIMOX alumina composite was attributed to grain boundary sliding accommodated by diffusional processes. Creep damage observed in the DIMOX Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-SiC{sub p} composite resulted from the cavitation at alumina two-grain facets and multiple-grain junctions where aluminum alloy was present.


In‐person assessments of physical activity (PA) and body weight can be burdensome for participants and cost prohibitive for researchers. This study examined self‐reported PA and weight accuracy and identified patterns of misreporting in a diverse sample.


Objective: To analysis the correlation between bioactivity of inhibiting oxytocin-induced uterine contraction in vitro and volatile components of Danggui-Chuanxiong different ratio.Methods: The essential oil was extracted from Danggui-Chuanxiong by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS with the method of programmed temperature.Oxytocin induced female mice isolated uterine contraction model was adopted in the experiment to evaluate biological activity of Myrrh oil.Results: The experiments showed that the activities of volatile oils obtained from different ratio Danggui-Chuanxiong were different: Danggui-Chuanxiong(2∶1) Danggui-Chuanxiong(3∶1) Danggui-Chuanxiong(1∶1)Danggui-Chuanxiong (3∶2);The results of GC-MS showed that the constituents of volatile oil obtained from Danggui-Chuanxiong(2∶1) were composed with the ratios of(Z)-ligustilide:(Z)-3-butylidene phthalide: 4,5-dihydro-3-butyl-phathalide:(E)-ligustilide: Unknown compound: 8,9-dehydro-Cycloisolongifolene: Neocnidilide:(E)-3-butylidene phthalide(80.75∶4.02∶2.07∶1.66∶0.81∶0.61∶0.53∶0.52).Conclusion: The different activities of volatile oils derived from different ratio of Danggui-Chuanxiong were resulted from the different composition of components in volatile oils.And the results suggested that the lactone-type components are possible bioactive compounds.


The optical absorption of thin solid films of dialkylated sexithiophene derivatives (2A6T) has been measured at incident energies below the fundamental absorption edge, where these semiconducting organic materials are transparent. The absorption spectra present interference patterns that have been used for determining their refractive index n. A value of 1.904 was measured on unsubstituted sexithiophene. Alkyl substitution leads to a decrease of n, which is more pronounced as the alkyl chain length increases. This behavior is attributed to the corresponding decrease of the density of the material. Our data are compared to other experimental determinations of the optical parameters of thiophene oligomers and polymers published to date.


Effective exchange of fire test data, even within a single laboratory, has been difficult due to the multiple, and often incompatible, data formats and hardware. This issue has been addressed by a careful study of user needs, leading to the development of a series of standard formats whereby fire test data could easily be exchanged among users. These formats have been made practical by the development of a computer program—the Fire Data Management System (FDMS)—and pertinent hardware standards. The system includes the most commonly used of modern-day fire test methods, but also has provisions for future extension to other tests of interest.


The use of laminated plates, where safety performance superior to monolithic ones is warranted, is growing very rapidly around the world. Many advantages including high-performance and low-weight structures of laminated constructions make the use of laminated plates in automobile and architectural glazing where preclude the safe use of monolithic glass plates. In this work, impact induced damage in Glass/Al alloy laminated circular plates with interlayer adhered by epoxy resin were investigated by an instrumented long bar impact under biaxial flexure state using a ball-on-ring(BOR) bending fixture. In order to increase the damage tolerance of laminated circular plates, various geometric and matereial parameters are investigated to determine their effect in maximizing absorbed impact energy. Parameters include the thickness of each layer and dissimilar materials of laminated plates. The measured impact force profiles explained well the damage behavior induced in laminated circular plates.


This paper derived a columnar model to study the kinetics of Cd(II) adsorption on strong acid cationic exchange fiber (SACEF). Mass transfer rate model ion exchange under liquid film control was de...


The increase for food (TEF) borne disease has become a public health problem. The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for, the etiologic agent of Listeriosis or typical food poisoning is considered one of the most important diseases among foodborne diseases.


In order for bioceramics to be further used in composites and their applications, it is important to change the surface so that the inert material is ready to interact with another material. Medical grade alumina and zirconia ceramic powders have been chemically etched with three selected acidic mixtures. Powder samples were taken for characterization, which was the key to evaluating a successful surface change. Changes in morphology, together with chemical composition, were studied using scanning electron microscopy, phase composition using X-ray diffraction methods, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms are used to evaluate specific surface area and porosity. The application of HF negatively affected the morphology of the material and caused agglomeration. The most effective modification of ceramic powders was the application of a piranha solution to obtain a new surface and a satisfactory degree of agglomeration. The prepared micro-roughness of the etched ceramic would provide an improved surface of the material either for its next step of incorporation into the selected matrix or to directly aid in the attachment and proliferation of osteoblast cells.


Federal laws mandate Ada for all defense software systems. This free market distortion is having the opposite of its intended effect it drives up the cost of defense software development and prevents use of advanced software technologies, In era of declining defense budgets, too high costs resulting from the Ada Mandate will threaten national sectrrity. After ten years, with billions of tax dollars spent on projects mandating Ada, what has happened to the language? I delineate between In and Out of the Mandated world, between people forced to use Ada, versus those free to choose. By almost any measure of success, Ada has had no impact outside the Mandated world. Comprwed to ClC++, Ada thrives by a factor of ten to thirty times less. There are fifteen times as many companies and products for the C++ market, twenty times as many C++ job openings, ten times more mention of C+-Iin trade journals and computer' media, twenty times more use of C++ in state of the art technologies (such as artificial intelligence, parallel and multi-processing, object oriented databases, etc.), and thirty times more interest by leading companies in the growing desktop computing world (Microsoft, Lotus, Borland etc.). Ada is as obscure as niche languages such as Lisp, Prolog, Forth, and Smalltalk even less so if Mandated sales are not counted. What has caused Ada's poor performance in markets where people are free to choose a language? It can't be its' origin — look at the successes of DoD sponsored VHDL and CALS. Admittedly, success of C and Unix in universities during the 1980's helped C/C++ capture most software arenas, especially with high quality, inexpensive compilers from Microsoft and Borland. With ATT seeding universities with Unix source code, the FSF developing its GNU compilers, and students going into industry and forming companies, C/C++ was guaranteed success. Simultaneously, the Mandated world did nothing. Yet these races are never over, and there was still a chance for the Mandated world to insure the success of Ada. In light of the Ada Mandate there arose a need to make sure that the free markets created enough Ada programmers, tools and libraries to allow the DoD to cost-effectively develop software. Unfortunately, the Mandated world ignored the importance of Ada's success in the non-Mandated world and did little to foster its acceptance. The list of failures is


Submitted for the MAR13 Meeting of The American Physical Society Hopper Flow: Experiments and Simulation1 ZHUSONG LI, MARK SHATTUCK, CUNY Graduate Center and the Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department of The City College of New York — Jamming and intermittent granular flow are important problems in industry, and the vertical hopper is a canonical example. Clogging of granular hoppers account for significant losses across many industries. We use realistic DEM simulations of gravity driven flow in a hopper to examine flow and jamming of 2D disks and compare with identical companion experiments. We use experimental data to validate simulation parameters and the form of the inter particle force law. We measure and compare flow rate, emptying times, jamming statistics, and flow fields as a function of opening angle and opening size in both experiment and simulations. 1Suppored by: NSF-CBET-0968013 Zhusong Li CUNY Graduate Center and the Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department of The City College of New York Date submitted: 28 Nov 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


Road recognition is one of the important aspects in Autonomous Navigation Systems. These systems help to navigate the autonomous vehicle and robot on the ground. Further, road detection is useful in related sub-tasks such as finding valid road path where the robot/vehicle can go, for supportive driverless vehicles, preventing the collision with the obstacle, object detection on the road, and others. The goal of this thesis is to examine existing road detection and recognition techniques and propose an alternative solution for road classification and detection task. Our contribution consists of several parts. Firstly, we released the road images dataset with approximately 5,300 unlabeled road images. Secondly, we summarized the information about the existing road images datasets. Thirdly, we proposed the convolutional LeNet-5based neural network for the road image classification for various environments. Finally, our FCN-8-based model for pixel-wise image recognition has been presented.


This research reveals problems caused by the changing civil servants loyality from public to head of regions as public officials. This brings about negative impacts such as weak professionalism and the spreading of regional issues. This research uses qualitative method, for which data gathering was conducted with library studies and was cross-checked with in-depth interviewed with relevant resource persons. /It is concluded by the research that the role of the head of regions is so influential because of which bureaucracy is not longer neutral and could not become professional. lt is therefore recommended that the role of the head of regions as supervisory of civil servants in the regions has to be evaluated, and alternatively the role should be given to their secretaries as the highest career officials in the region.


This study aims to understand the competencies considered relevant in performance evaluation at Petrek (a workplace in Angola) and the emphasis placed on the competencies identified. The data were collected by using interviews (n = 24) and a questionnaire (n = 166) with Petrek's leaders. The questionnaire data, which were analyzed through an exploratory factor analysis, served as a test of reliability of the findings obtained in the interviews. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the findings indicate that collaboration, organization, delivery, and complexity are the competency clusters considered relevant at Petrek. The analysis of the dimensions identified demonstrates that 25% consists of technical competencies and 75% corresponds to behavioral competencies, indicating that employees at Petrek should invest in behavioral competencies. The overall results are discussed for future research and the practice of organizational management.


Meat IS the major supplier of protein requirements of population in affluent society. Meat proteins are more expensive than vegetable proteins. The high cost of meat and its limited supply for the ever expanding population necessitates the substitution of vegetable proteins for meat proteins. The deficiency of essential amino acids of vegetable proteins may be made good by the addition of synthetic ammo acids or by the use of proper mixture of different vegetable proteins, or vegetable proteins and cereals.


Targeted poverty alleviation is a major transformation measure for China to overcome poverty. Prior literature on the motivations of listed firms participating in targeted poverty alleviation mainly focuses on firms' own characteristics, such as financial performance, property right, and managerial heterogeneity. It assumes that firms make their targeted poverty alleviation decisions independently, without considering the mutual impact between different firms.  Firms intend to learn and imitate the activity of other firms in the same industry or the same region in the process of decision-making and implementation. This phenomenon is called the peer effect. Firms often consciously pay attention to the practice of competitors, and ultimately produce interactive decisions. Based on the data of Chinese listed firms from 2016 to 2019, this paper empirically tests whether the targeted poverty alleviation activity of listed firms has the peer effect, and further explores its mechanism, influencing factors and economic consequences.  The results show a significant positive industrial peer effect of targeted poverty alleviation activities of listed firms. The investment and amount of targeted poverty alleviation in the same industry will significantly positively affect the targeted poverty alleviation decision of other firms. The mechanism test shows that social learning and competitive pressure are the main reasons for the peer effect of targeted poverty alleviation activities of listed firms. Considering the types and quality of targeted poverty alleviation, we find that the peer effect is mainly reflected in the non-industry-development investments instead of industry-development investments. We do not find a significant peer effect in the quality of targeted poverty alleviation of listed firms. Further analyses show that state-owned firms, firms with more financial constraints , and firms with less information transparency tend to imitate peer firms' targeted poverty alleviation activities. In addition, targeted poverty alleviation activities based on the peer effect have a positive impact on firm value.  The contribution of this paper is as follows: First, from the perspective of firm interaction, this paper expands the research on the influencing factors of targeted poverty alleviation, makes up for the deficiency of the existing research on the driving factors of targeted poverty alleviation, which only focuses on the characteristics of firms themselves, and helps to deeply understand the motivation of firms to fulfill their social responsibility. Second, the existing finance literature mainly investigates the peer effect in corporate financial decision-making and corporate governance mechanism, while this paper expands the field of peer effect from the perspective of corporate social responsibility. Third, in terms of practical significance, this paper provides decision-making reference for the regulatory authority to encourage and guide listed firms to participate in the practice of targeted poverty alleviation and give full play to the role of capital market in consolidating the national poverty alleviation achievements.


The unique behavior of shape memory alloys led to increase demand for these alloys. Economically, sintering is the best technique that can produce nitinol with controlled properties. During this work, an investigation for the sintering parameters was conducted to produce NiTi alloy. It was found that sintering inside an environment of inert gases is more convenient than vacuum environment. Using one hour was found to be sufficient as a soaking time under maximum sintering temperature of 900C. Copper was used as an alloying element to enhance hardness for the alloy. It was concluded that, the use of 2.5wt% copper alloying element was the best ratio for the maximum hardness improvement up to 305Hv, while increase the copper ratio to 3%wt led to decrease the hardness value to 295Hv.


This paper presents an implementation of a mobile augmented reality system, which was designed to help the understanding of resistive electric circuits. The system employs a smartphone, a measuring instrument, and an electric circuit built on a breadboard. The smartphone captures a photograph of the circuit and receives data from the measuring instrument, which it uses to generate a layer of augmented reality information that is merged with the original image and displayed on the screen of the smartphone. In order to display augmented reality on a real circuit, it was developed a markerless method to identify resistors from a photograph of the circuit and set virtual objects over it. The results showed that the AR system is stable enough to be considered as a good first step in the development of a markerless AR system which works on real resistive circuits.


Due to national security,industrialization accelerating,"poverty trap" breakthrough and other factors,high-accumulation system implementing Catch-up strategy was established before 1978's Open and Reform Policy,when the main function of finance was to collect dispersed surplus for national construction.Finance at that time could be referred to as "production construction finance",which guaranteed the formation of an independent industrial system.From 1978 to 2011,China's economic development was characterized by government capital-guided economy.The objective to establish public-service finance was advanced in the National Financial Conference in 1998.Financial transition was stepped up since the Outlook of Scientific Development and Building a Harmonious Society was put forward by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 2003.However,owing to investment needs in mid-term stage of industrialization,employment pressure,the residents' consumption structure upgrading and opportunities brought about by WTO,financial transition was not satisfactory.Since 2008 pressures from the world's continuous financial crisis and excessive domestic income gap have made expanding domestic demand,narrowing income gap and improving the function of human capital provided by financial transition prerequisites for scientific development and people's livelihood improvement.Therefore,financial transition will definitely be sped up in the future.


Climate models are driven by forcing, and these forces are seen primarily by the thermal field in general circulation models (GCMs). The major forces that affect the thermal field are longwave radiative (LWR) heating, shortwave radiative (SWR) heating, and convection (cumulus, etc.). These forcing effects are cycled through the thermal field to the motion field by nonlinear transfer. The dependent variables - in particular , temperature, moisture and clouds - evolve in time in a model and determine the subsequent forcing. If the dependent variables are not accurately calculated in space and time, the forcing functions will be adversely affected.It is thus imperative to determine how sensitive these forces are to the input variables. The authors tested the sensitivity of various LWR heating algorithms taken from general circulation models . The algorithms were tested on a variety of data profiles to cover different geographic regions and seasons.


Purpose. The Leadership Program was established at Andrews University in 1994 as a non-traditional, competency-based, adult-oriented doctoral program. The purpose of this case study was to relate the story of the creation and development of the Leadership Program from 1994 through 2002 by examining the concepts incorporated into the program and the experiences of participants, faculty, and staff involved in the program during those years. Method. Using a case-study approach, I have examined the conceptual development and procedural evolution of the Leadership Program at Andrews University from 1994 through 2002; that is, from the year of the program's inception through the latest cohort-year of the participants whom I interviewed. In order to provide a comprehensive account, I used (a) program documents and artifacts, (b) interviews with participants, faculty, and staff, and (c) personal experience. Forty Leadership Program participants representing each of the annual cohorts from 1994 through 2002 and 12 full-time faculty and staff members who served the program during those years responded to semi-structured interview questions. They addressed such program elements as the orientation, the Individual Development Plan, the annual conferences, regional study-groups, and the dissertation. Participants responded to 30 questions; faculty- and staff-members, to 20. No respondent made any attempt to influence the conclusions of this study. Results. This study generated an extensive amount of data that indicated that the Leadership Program at Andrews University was able, to varying degrees, to fulfill the claims described in promotional material. The majority of the respondents perceived that individualized instruction, collaboration, one-on-one interaction, competency-based rather than course driven curriculum and quality of the faculty were positive aspects of the program. At the two extremes, the data suggested that the program fulfilled the expectations, as stated in the design, , of some respondents but not for others. Responses fell along a continuum from very satisfied to very unsatisfied. In general, respondents who were self-directed and self-motivated reported that they were satisfied with and benefited from the program. Respondents who preferred more direction, however, reported that they often were frustrated. Faculty and staff respondents expressed similar views of the program. Conclusions. The Leadership Program at Andrews University was created and implemented in 1994. By 2002, oversights and omissions had become apparent and a number of changes seem to have restricted some of the participant-driven aspects of the program. Generally, however, the Leadership Program appears to have been well-designed and well-received, and according to participants, faculty, and staff alike, the resulting experiences and outcomes were positive demonstrations of higher education in general and appropriate experiences for adult learners in particular. The Leadership Program, as originally designed, may serve as a model for other higher-education institutions.


Abstract Following surveys carried out over many years, three Mesolithic sites have been identified at the 'Pointe Saint-Gildas' near the Loire estuary. They are situated in proximity to more than 20 indications of the presence of Mesolithic populations. Two of the three excavated stations provide the only evidence of the subsistence of these Late Mesolithic populations. These excavations were carried out in 1994 at station 1a, and in 2003 and 2004 at station 1b, and revealed a lithic industry based on blades and small concentrations of shells. The dominant arrowhead types are large scalene triangles, but with some asymmetrical trapeze-shaped points. They are associated with industries based on blades and bladelets with non-parallel edges. The analysis of shells indicates the exploitation of resources on a muddy shore, whereas these sites currently overlook a rocky zone. The Holocene transgression has masked the trace of a noticeable estuarine influence, according to studies of the bathymetry and underwater sedimentary cores. Dating of the shells yields ages between 6600 and 6400 BC at Saint-Gildas 1b. The marked deterioration of these sites by erosion and the inaccurate calibration of the dates lead to uncertainties in the interpretation. Nevertheless, these assemblages are the first example of the emergence of Late Mesolithic industries on the Armorican Massif.


For metal halide perovskite solar cells, bidentate passivation (BP) is highly effective, but currently, only passivation sites rather than molecular environments are being considered. Here, the authors report an effective approach for high-performance fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cells (FP-PSCs) through the BP strategy using the multidentate molecule 6-chloropurine (6-CP). By utilizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) characterizations, the competition mechanism is identified of BP between the chlorine atom and neighboring nitrogen atom of the imidazole and pyrimidine rings. Through BP between the chlorine atom and adjacent nitrogen atom in imidazole, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the pristine samples is significantly enhanced from 16.25% to 17.63% with 6-CP. The formation of BP enhances interfacial hole selectivity and charge transfer, and suppresses nonradiative recombination, improving device stability under high humidity conditions. The competition mechanism of BP between two aromatic cycles provides a path for designing molecular passivants and selecting passivation pathways to approach theoretical limits.


Bumper system performance and its CAE correlation level are very important in early vehicle development stage. Especially in a high speed crash, the correlation method development is strongly required for the stable architecture development with CAE tool . And bumper system material is also critical for cost savings and mass reduction. Bumper system with high strength steel and CO2 weld has the strength of big cost saving with relatively low mass increase compared with Aluminum bumper system. This study focuses on the correlation method development with CO2 welded high strength steel bumper in early vehicle development stage with trolley CAE and the test.


Several multiterm linear solvation energy models which incorporate directly or indirectly hydrogen bond donor-acceptor parameters were compared experimentally. These included the Kamlet-Taft α 2 H scale, the Abraham α 2 H scale, and the acceptor (AN * ) parameter of diddle and Fowkes. An enlarged data base for a range of hydrogen bonding, hydrogen bonding-strongly associated, and weakly hydrogen bonding aprotic solvents was developed for this analysis


From the above results, it may be stated that the practical use for the refractometric quantitative analysis of alcohol and the extract in Sake or other its analogous alcoholic beverage is to be applied. The difference between the values of alcohol obtained by the refractometric method and those by the ordinary method is rather smaller than the experimental error which occurs between the primary distillate and the redistillate.


The present invention belongs to the field of bridge construction, especially purlin truss tower construction, without turning rod mold apparatus, characterized in that: it comprises a panel, a front template, the template side, vertical stiffeners and rear truss panel, and the panel vertical stiffeners welded together to form a quadrangular structure, are connected to a positive template longitudinal quadrangular structure, respectively, left and right respectively connected between any two of the back side on a template, the template and positive template side truss chords across a corner of the fastening rod, the welding rod string movable support; back panel and truss beam welded into the channel by the ladder structure, the truss panel back in the outer vertical weld stiffening ribs. It provided a tower, Construction of Piers for high aesthetic requirements, does not corrode steel in concrete structures tower truss purlin construction, without turning rod molding apparatus.


VC ++is one of the popular programming design languages with strongest function, however it seems inadequate when applied in an environment with higher requirements for hard disc, speed and accuracy. The assembling language based on its specific bottom control potentiality can meet the needs of various complicated engineering with the realization of mixed programming with VC++ through resource sharing and complementary advantage. It is the "monitoring system for road safety" that has comprehensively used the advantages of the two languages and has achieved the unprecedented design standard.


With a focus on the contemporary relevance of Bourdieu's theoretical tools, this review essay primarily covers four recent texts. The intent is not to evaluate the texts against each other, but ins...


Artificial functional ionophores are essential for selective transmembrane ion transport since ion transport through biological membranes is an essential phenomenon and its disruption causes a variety of illnesses. Herein, we...


*Correspondence to: Ji-Young Joo Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 20 Geumo-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea Tel: +82-55-360-5103, Fax: +82-55-360-5194, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, Received: September 23, 2019/Last Revision: October 28, 2019/Accepted: November 13, 2019 the laterally closed tunnel for the treatment of mandibular gingival recession in thin biotype patients: case report


In Romania, cervical cancer is the second most frequent neoplasm among women of 15 to 44 years of age, mainly due to a lack of prevention efforts. The purpose of this study is to assess the current knowledge and attitude towards HPV infection and immunization among medical students. Such information is vital in order to properly assess the current shortcomings of our medical system in the struggle of lowering cancer incidence. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out in 2016 and in 2018 on a total of 1,133 participants (median age of 21.9 years, 572 students in 2016 and 562 in 2018). No statistical differences between males and females regarding knowledge of HPV vaccine were found (chi-square 0.046, df = 1, p = 0.83). Moreover, between the 2016 and the 2018 groups, no noticeable changes in HPV awareness and information were observed (2016: chi-square: 0.003, df = 1, p = 0.955; and 2018: chi-square: 0.061, df = 1, p = 0.805). Even though the participants have noted reliable media and medical staff as their main sources of information, our study revealed poor general knowledge, no improvement in perception, and a lack of prophylactic action.


Compositional corrections - sugar and acid adjustments, as well as biological degradation of malic acid, wines blending- are used to enhance or diminish the content of certain substances. Fetească albă, Fetească regală, Muscat Ottonel and Tămâioasă românească grape varieties, harvested in 2008 from Iasi vineyard, center of Copou-Adamachi farm were used. The grapes were processed through the classic technology of obtaining white dry wines. The wines were corrected with rectified concentrated must (RCM) and concentrated must (CM) in order to obtain semi-dry and semi- sweet wines. Tartaric acid was also added. The analyses were done according to international standards and specific literature. The main physical-chemical characteristics of the obtained wines show an increase in reductive sugars, non-reductive extract and density.


In this paper,the optical spectrum,electron paramagnetic resonance g-factor and zero-field splitting D,E and paramagnetic susceptibility χ of(NH_4)_2Ni(SO_4)_2·6H_2O crystal are interpreted simultaneously based on the Semi-SCF d-orbit model and the point-charge model with the complete diagonalization procedure(CDP) and high-order perturbation procedure. The calculated results indicate that the local structure of(NH_4)_2Ni(SO_4)_2·6H_2O crystal is D_(2h) symmetry and the bond length R_□=0.2067nm,R_∥=0.2004nm,the bond angle(φ)=89.352~0.With the theoretical results compared with the X-ray diffraction experimental data,the variation of the bond length and the bond angle are △R_□=0.0007nm.△R_∥=0.0002nm and △φ=0.0082~0.The theoretical results are in good agreement with experimental data.


The infiltration phenomena associated with a structurally unstable swelling soil are compared with those of a two-layer stable system of a fine sand layer over coarse sand, the fine sand simulating a slaked layer at the soil surface. Water content and bulk density are measured using dual source gamma ray attenuation, pore water pressures by means of individual tensiometer-transducer systems, and soil temperatures by means of individual thermistor-bridge systems. Analysis of the sand column using well-established principles shows that after the wetting front has passed the texture boundary, infiltration is controlled by Kmax of the fine sand layer and the negative moisture potential in the coarse sand at the texture boundary. After the wetting front penetrates the column, the moisture potential at the texture boundary becomes steady and is unaffected by the development of a capillary fringe and outflow at the base of the column. The negative moisture potentials at the texture boundary give rise to potential gradients up to 6.0 in the simulated slaked layer, and an infiltration rate several times that of Kmax. The low flow rates caused by the fine sand layer give rise to an unstable wetting front in the coarse sand and severe 'fingering' occurs. In the swelling soil column, with aggregates of the same size as the coarse sand, the infiltration throttle occurs immediately below the visibly slaked layer and not at the ground surface. Potential gradients through the throttle reach a maximum of 5.9 similar to that in the layered sand column, but the infiltration behaviour of swelling soil differs from the latter in other respects. Infiltration into the former does not occur under isothermal conditions, a 'hot front' 3°C above ambient occurring 2-3 mm ahead of the wetting front, and infiltration does not reach a constant rate because of changes in the hydraulic properties of the throttle with time. Moisture profiles in the swelling soil column during infiltration show the various zones described by Bodman and Colman (1944) for non-swelling soils. An enlarged apparent transition zone extend to 12 cm below the soil surface. Other properties such as density, moisture content, and total potential suggest that much of this apparent transition zone is really part of a transmission zone made up of layers of soil which have different properties because of swelling.


How do different inflation-targeting regimes affect the monetary loss-function of a central bank aiming at stabilizing inflation around an inflation target and stabilizing the real economy? Under a basic New-Keynesian framework, this paper examines the effect of inflationtargeting regimes on the monetary-loss function of a central bank. My analysis shows that both strict and flexible-inflation targeting regimes lower monetary-welfare losses after the adoption of the regime. However, strict-inflation targeters are able to lower monetary-welfare losses by only focusing on inflation and nothing else. This provides evidence for the Divine Coincidence, where a central bank can only focus on inflation and will subsequently have a closed output gap.


Recent advent of varactor diode tuners has stimulated TV engineers to devise novel electronic channel selecors. The authors have developed a fully integrated channel selection system using only two IC's; one p-channel MOS LSI for channel selection and one bipolar IC for voltage selection.


The endeavor of this work is to study the impact of content popularity in a large-scale Peer-to-Peer network, namely KAD. Armed with the insights gained from an extensive measurement campaign, which pinpoints several deficiencies of the present KAD design in handling popular objects, we set off to design and evaluate an adaptive load balancing mechanism. Our mechanism is backward compatible with KAD, as it only modifies its inner algorithms, and presents several desirable properties: (i) it drives the process that selects the number and location of peers responsible to store references to objects, based on their popularity; (ii) it solves problems related to saturated peers, that entail a significant drop in the diversity of references to objects, and (iii) if coupled with an enhanced content search procedure, it allows a more fair and efficient usage of peer resources, at a reasonable cost. Our evaluation uses a trace-driven simulator that features realistic peer churn and a precise implementation of the inner components of KAD.


Securities dealers (SD) are the most important media in securities market. SD in China is still in the incunabula compared with that of international fame. Therefore the Chinese SD has to self remold thoroughly to meet the keen competition after China`s WTO entry. This paper makes a tentative discussion from the angle of internal control of SD supervision, aiming for inducing valuable ideas for perfecting corporate management structure of China`s securities companies.


Witkiewicz's work, it allows almost no scope for the play's important social and political dimensions. One is also a trifle apprehensive about the system of correspondences whereby numbers, colours, elements etc. are equated with other phenomena. These are obviously crucial to the alchemical approach. How is their legitimacy derived? From established tradition, partly, but also a measure of intuition and subjective choice. The danger in the latter is that, unless one is dealing with a writer like Strindberg whom one supposes to be referring to the established conventions, the correspondences may well appear arbitrary, especially when they are polyvalent. So that, for example, green can be confidently described as signifying spiritual and physical elements (p. 29) and fertility (p. 118); but when green is the predominant colour in act 3 of The Water Hen, it is, rather alarmingly, 'not a verdant, positive, and fruitful green' but a 'biting, acidulous, destructive green' (p. 130). These criticisms do not diminish the book's interest. Readers who can give it the close attention it demands should be amply rewarded by Professor Knapp's enthusiastic insight into a further partial, but significant, dimension of the theatre.


This examination of developed and emerging markets suggests that toward the end of the 20th century, sector effects caught up with country effects in the developed markets of the world, as a result of rising sector effects rather than declining country effects. For emerging markets, however, country effects have remained the dominant influence relative to sector effects, although the importance of country effects has been on a steady decline. These results confirm that international equity managers should emphasize sector-based approaches when investing in the developed countries but should continue country-based allocation strategies in emerging markets. A fundamental starting point for global equity managers when applying a top-down approach to their investing has been the selection of a country. Since 2000, however, the relative importance of the country factor has been challenged by several researchers, who concluded that the relative importance of industrial factors has exceeded that of country factors. Two questions of great interest are whether this apparent shift is ongoing and whether it applies to all markets. If the shift varies by country (e.g., between developed markets and emerging markets), investment managers who assume that all markets behave in a similar way could find their strategies becoming ineffective when they widen their horizons from developed to emerging markets. To study the two questions, we collected all monthly returns of market capitalization–weighted equity indices that are available in the Datastream database for 23 countries classified as developed markets and 26 countries classified as emerging markets. For analyzing the influence of sectors, we used 10 sector indices (with sector classifications as defined by the Financial Times Actuaries Index). The sample period is January 1994 through May 2005. We applied a factor model used by previous researchers that decomposes an individual equity return index into three parts—a constant, a country effect, and a sector effect. We used pure factor variance and mean absolute deviation (MAD) to measure the pure country effects and pure sector effects. Our results indicate that the relative importance of the sector and country factors is different in the developed markets from their relative importance in the emerging markets. For the developed markets, the sector and country effects have been competing with each other in relative importance since the turn of the 21st century. In line with recent research, our findings for the developed markets suggest that (when measured by the variance method) sector effects approach the same level as country effects or (when measured by the MAD method) exceed country effects. Note that both effects as measured by both methods declined steady in the new century, with a markedly smaller difference between them. The reason could be increased financial integration across countries. We found that the ascendancy of sector effects is a consequence of a rise in sector effects rather than a fall in country effects. Global equity managers cannot afford to ignore the sector factor in allocating capital in the developed markets. Managers should keep their eyes on the sector factors and consider the possibility of sector allocation all the time. Additionally, we provide new explanations of the recent rise in sector effects in the developed markets. First, we argue that the steady sector increase was a general trend in the world market, not purely the impact of the TMT (telecommunications/media/technology) bubble. The sharp increase of the sector effect near the end of 2000 was, however, mainly a result of the TMT bubble, and the sector effect has declined from that peak. Previous literature, because of the sample periods, could only suggest the temporary nature of the sharp TMT sector increase. As far as we know, our study presents the first complete picture of the bubble's effect on the sector factor. In the emerging markets, we observed much higher pure variance and MAD for the country factor than for the sector factor, indicating that for the emerging markets, a diversification strategy based on country remains more important than a sector-based strategy. Global equity managers should continue to use a strategy of diversification by country. Nevertheless, we also observed a slight rise in sector effects in the emerging markets. Therefore, we warn that the dominance of country factors in the emerging markets may diminish in the future.


One of the essential components of any shape making process is the die which constrains the material flow to a cavity of required geometry. In addition to giving the shape, the die geometry controls a part of the material's workability as well as the flow vectors. For high technology materials this workability has to be controlled by designing the die such that the tensile hydrostatic components generated during deformation are minimised. Recently CAD/CAM techniques are being developed for the die design and manufacture and these techniques use solid geometric modelling software, process simulation using FEM techniques, CNC milling and EDM methods. It is possible to replace the expensive and time consuming trial and error methods hitherto being used for the design and manufacture by the science-based CAD/CAM methodologies. The CAE system using these computer aided techniques is described in this paper along with its application to forging and extrusion die manufacture.


The paper aims to explore the relationship between theory and practice, through observing of the work and life of Jane Jacobs, with the purpose to relate episodes faced by the activist and the theoretical concepts that she elaborated. To achieve that, the research was divided in two parts. The first one retrieves some information about Jacobs´ life based on Anthony Flint's book, Wrestling with Moses. The purpose of the first part of the work is to locate Jane Jacobs interests, skills, challenges and actions that have contributed to her thinking about the city. That includes the tactical resistance for neighborhood preservation in which Jacobs took place. The second part of the paper provides a collection of concepts present in Jacobs' book - Death and Life of the Great American Cities (1961) -, seeking for parts where  Greenwich Village and Hudson Street are mentioned, in an effort to reinforce how Jacobs' daily reference constructs her theoretical formulation. This part is illustrated with the current situation of Hudson Street and its surroundings near Washington Square, based on a visit made in 2018. By establishing the current condition of the neighborhood, the role of Jacobs becomes clear for both the urbanistic theory and the valorization and preservation of certain physical and social characteristics of Greenwich Village. The photographic record of the neighborhood current conditions reveals the presence of urban values and dynamics defended by the activist in the 1950s and 60s.
Key-words: History of Urbanism. Participatory urbanism. Tatic Urbanism. Neighborhood. Robert Moses.


The role of the proton motive force (PMF) and significance of the common intracellular monovalent cations (Na+ and K+) in proline oxida- tion by oyster (Crassostrea uirginicu) gill mitochondria were examined. Proline was oxidized at moderate rates in the presence of ADP under isosmotic condi- tions. Oxidation of proline was inhibited by CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chloro- phenylhydrazone), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidation of pyruvate, but not succinate (each oxidized at moderate rates), was inhibited by CCCP, confirming that the PMF was at least partially dissipated. These data suggest that transport of proline is dependent on some component of the PMF', either the pH gradient or the membrane potential. Less inhibition of proline oxidation by CCCP was achieved at higher proline concentrations suggesting that diffusional penetration may become more important as proline concentra- tions increase. Oxidation of proline was not substantially affected by reducing concentrations of Na' or K' or both Na+ and Kf (Na+ K+ > choline+). The high rate of oxidation achieved using Naf is unusual and is probably an adaptation related to the high intracellular Na+ concentrations found in many bivalve molluscs.


Objective To compare the macular thickness in patients with high myopia combined with cataract following phacoemulsification and manual small incision nuclear fracture cataract surgery( MSINFCS). Methods Sixty-four patients (80 eyes) with high myopia combined with cataract were randomized into MSINFCS group (group A) and phacoemulsification group (group B).The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in two groups were observed at postoperative 1 week,4 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks,the endothelial cells were counted before operation and 1 week after operation.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was detected to analyze the macular fovea thickness changes at 1 week before operation and 1 week,4 weeks,6 weeks,8 weeks and 12 weeks after operation. Results BCVA of both two groups improved postoperatively,there were statistical difference compared with pre-operation(both P0.05),and no statistical difference in postoperative BCVA between two groups at different time points(both P0.05).The loss rates of endothelium cell of two groups were 6.95% and 7.19%,there was no statistical difference(P0.05).The mean macular fovea thickness of group A and B at postoperative 1 week were (189.37±24.95)μm and (191.87±22.61)μm,compared with pre-operation (158.13±19.11)μm and (159.20±16.18)μm,there were statistical differences (both P0.05),but there was no statistical difference between two groups(P0.05).The mean macular fovea thickness at postoperative 4 weeks and 6 weeks in two groups were still obviously thicker than that before operation,there were statistical differences(both P0.05),but no statistical difference between two groups(both P0.05).The mean macular fovea thickness at postoperative 8 weeks and 12 weeks in two groups were recovered to pre-operation,there was no statistical difference between two groups(both P0.05).After examined by OCT,1 case was found with cystoid macular edema in group B,disappeared at postoperative 12 weeks. Conclusion Following different cataract surgical procedures,the mean macular fovea thickness is increased at early postoperative period,but it doesn't reach the cystoid macular edema level.The mean macular fovea thickness returns to the preoperative level at postoperative 8 weeks.


Intramolecular cyclization of o-methyleneamino-substituted α-trifluoromethylstyrenes is promoted by DBU and a catalytic amount of KCN to provide 4-(difluoromethyl)quinolines. The reaction proceeds ...


In mobile computing, communicative acts are not free. Costs such as power and bandwidth consumption are prominent issues. In addition, resources vary widely across hardware and operating context. Agents in these settings must account for these costs and adapt to available capabilities. This poster presents a planning optimization formalization of this problem, enabling service-based agents to reason about and conduct communication using local and network accessible resources.


This paper presents new optimal strategies for the scheduling of sequential multipurpose batch plants under several unexpected events. The events include product release dates, rescheduling upon arrival of a new order, and the minimization of total earliness. To find the optimal solutions in complex situations, scheduling problem is formulated to an MILP model. A typical example is used to show that with the proposed strategies, the schedule of sequential multipurpose batch plants is more flexible in the varying market circumstances.


Background. The concept of "face" appeared in scientific discourse in the middle of the last century and has since been used by researchers in the fields of communication studies, linguistics and psychology. Such a diversified approach to the study of this phenomenon leads to a number of disagreements in the understanding of its main characteristics and functions. The relevance of this review lies in the systematic analysis of face and facework, highlighting it as an independent subject of study and formulating problems for further research. Objective. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between the concepts of "identity", "self-presentation" and "face", as well as to identify the main characteristics and features of the process of saving face from the socio-psychological point of view. Methods. Systemic and subjective approaches, comparative analysis method. Results. "Face" is defined as a universal phenomenon of the individual and relational levels that cannot be considered independently of the object and context of communication. In addition, special attention is paid to the consideration of this concept as a component of intercultural communication. New research directions are outlined. Conclusions. For further study of "face", one needs a more detailed understanding of the factors influencing the face concerns and facework at the individual, situational and cultural levels. In addition, the concept of "face" can be viewed as a component of intercultural communicative competence.


Many behaviors, such as smoking and overeating, strongly affect a population's health. Further, social, physical, and economic contexts—for example, housing, transportation, education, and employment—shape health-related behaviors. To improve a population's health, policies must include actions that alter elements of these larger contexts. But the elements are vast and complex, and resources are limited. How can policymakers determine the right priorities to focus on? Building on the emerging field of population health science, we suggest four principles to guide priority setting: view population health as a continuum, focus on affecting ubiquitous influences on health, consider the trade-offs between efficiency and equity, and evaluate return on investment. This proposal offers a novel approach to setting policy for improving health behaviors.


The nonlinear evolution of linearly polarized, hydromagnetic waves propagating along the initial radial magnetic field in the solar wind is considered. Numerical solutions of the dissipationless, time-dependent equations of motion are used to study the steepening of the waves into hydromagnetic shocks and the subsequent propagation of the shocks. If the shocks propagate into a region in which the plasma beta (ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure) is greater than one, each shock splits into a second shock and a rotational discontinuity. It is shown that these secondary hydromagnetic shocks readily propagate through the rotational discontinuities without altering their structure. With increasing time the secondary hydromagnetic shocks propagate out ahead of the rotational discontinuities and become hydrodynamic shocks. Hence an initial packet of linearly polarized hydromagnetic waves ultimately evolves into a packet of rotational discontinuities preceeded by a packet of hydrodynamic shocks. The conditions for which the waves steepen into shocks, the time required for shock formation, and further implications of the results in the solar wind are discussed.


Introduction Technological advances have introduced three-dimensional (3-D) printing as an option for creating tactile maps for people with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision), diversifying the types of map products that are available. At the same time, it presents a challenge to map makers to implement designs across multiple production methods. We evaluated map symbols to determine their discriminability across three different materials: microcapsule paper, 3-D printer plastic, and embossed paper. Methods In a single session lasting less than 90 minutes, participants completed a matching task and provided informal feedback regarding their preferences. We measured speed and accuracy to establish discriminability of map symbols on each of the materials. Eighteen participants were recruited from a referred sample among attendees at the American Council of the Blind annual convention in 2013. Results Response times were significantly different across the three materials (p < 0.001). Without sacrificing accuracy, response times were faster for the 3-D printed graphics than for either the microcapsule paper (p < 0.001) or the embossed paper (p < 0.001). User preference was divided across the three materials. Some people disliked the "sharp" corners of the 3-D printed symbols, while others preferred their "crisp" edges. Discussion Our results demonstrate faster discriminability of a set of tactile symbols produced on a 3-D printer compared to those same symbols printed on microcapsule paper, the material for which the symbols were originally designed. Participant feedback reflected preferences both in favor of and against reading symbols produced on the 3-D printer. Implications for practitioners This article discusses the functional equivalence of tactile symbols produced across multiple production technologies. It addresses two considerations when using 3-D printing to make tactile maps: preparing digital files for printing and the printing work flow. Digital files ready for printing on each of the three materials are available for download (Brittell, Lobben, & Lawrence 2016).


A turbocharger turbine in an internal combustion engine is fed with continuously pulsating flow due to nature of the exhaust flow of a reciprocating engine. It is generally acknowledged that the performance of the turbine deteriorates due to this pulsation. In order to address the problem, a novel pulse-optimized flow control method is introduced in this paper, which involves a specially-designed nozzle ring upstream of the radial or mixed flow turbine. Unlike a traditional turbocharger, in which the nozzle ring is stationary, the nozzle ring is rotating. The inception of this new flow control method is based on the fact that the variable magnitude of the unsteady exhaust flow can be converted into the variation of the flow angle by means of the rotating nozzle ring. The new method is then validated by a steady-state, single passage numerical model. Calculations with different nozzle rotating speeds under both high and low mass flow rate conditions were executed and the results demonstrated significant improvements in both stage efficiency and power output. The results predicted that the new pulse-optimized flow control method was able to enhance the turbocharger performance to a great extent by means of addressing the potential energy within the highly dynamic exhaust flows.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Tn February 1966, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld rulings of lower I federal courts that state election codes making payment of a poll tax a prerequisite to voting contravened the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.1 That decision brought an end to one of the most widely discussed, frequently criticized, and solidly established institutions in American politics. Although the poll tax as a prerequisite to voting was initially regarded as a device for liberalizing the franchise,2 the abandonment of more restrictive measures in time converted it into an instrument for limiting suffrage. It came to be especially utilized for this purpose in the South around the turn of the century, and by 1908 it was a prerequisite to voting in all 11 states of the old Confederacy. Beginning with North Carolina in 1920, seven states eventually repealed the poll tax by their own processes, but the final judicial


Biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel produces lower exhaust emissions with the exception of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) when compared to the conventional diesel fuel. Reducing nitrogen oxides produced from engines running on biodiesel is a challenging task to be able to meet the emission requirements. Knowledge of fuel blend could be very helpful for control and adaptation purposes to tune the engine control system parameters leading to lower NOx emission and improved engine performance. Proposed in this paper is a NOx sensor-based biodiesel blend estimation strategy. This strategy is fitted in a robust adaptive estimation structure for achieving a robust estimation. Sensitivity analysis has been done to check the robustness of the estimators against measurement errors.Copyright © 2011 by ASME and General Motors


(91) Hisy Fever. IN the United States hlay fever occurs in tlhree periods, the early appearing ill May, the middle appearing in July, and the late appearing in August, which latter is known as autumnal catarrh. Dunbar (Berl. klin. Woch., July i3th, 1903) has studied some points in the etiology of autumnal catarrh. Since some observers regard goldenrod and ragweed as the cause of this form of hay fever, Dunbar obtained blossoms of both tllese plants. The goldenrod was an early blossoming variety of solidago, while the bloom of the Ambrosiaceae (ragweed) had been plucked eleven years previously, and had been preserved in a specimen book. With some difficulty and care he succeeded in separating the pollen of the goldenrod from other pollen, and applied a small quantity of them to the couljuinctival sap of one of his own eyes. A burning senisation appeared at once at the point of entrance, and within a few minutes the eye beeame much injected, and was subjected to a very intelnse iteciing and smarting. Tlle objective and subjective signs disappeared almost at once on the application of dried gramine pollen antitoxin. The application of the pollen did not produce any symptoms in the case of a colleague of Dunbar, while a third subject reacted well to them. He also obtained tlhe, same results with the pollen of the ragweed. Dunbar states that there can be no doubt that the toxin of goldenrod and that of ragweed pollen granules is different from the toxin of the pollen granules of the gramine, and not merely a weaker kind of the same poison. That the antitoxin of the last named is capable of nleutralizing both of the autumnal catarrh pollen is explainable by analogy to certain bacteriolysin and bacterio-agglutin actions. The serum of typhoid patients, for instance, is capable of influencing bacteria like typhosus bacilli more readily than organisms which are not like it. He liopes to work further with the toxins of these two pollen whei le can obtain more granules. In conclusion, lie adds a few words on the treatment of hay fever generally by antitoxin. The results of this form of treatment are often very good, but in many cases, as soon as an improvement takes place, the patieint goes out for long walks and sleeps with an open window, so that there is every chance for the conditionl to get worse. The patient should be careful not to attempt to expose hlimself to the harmful conditions unitil he has beenl able to satisfy himself that the antitoxin is protecting him completely.


This paper presents a voltage sensor-less first order sliding mode control applied to a standalone 5-level packed U -cell topology. A voltage sensor-less control modulation strategy is used to minimize the complexity of the control system and to ensure fast self-voltage balancing of the capacitor voltage. Furthermore, a suggested controller has been designed to improve the performance and robustness of the system by imposing a desired current dynamic to maintain the reference load current while keeping the voltage of the capacitor at half of the main DC source. It is noted that this control strategy has achieved fast self-balancing of the capacitor voltage value, better stability performances and improved system responsiveness. The results of this work have been demonstrated through a simulation that highlights the nuances of this technique in details.


Finite-element method is often used for description and modeling of the Earth's crust horizontal motions. The paper offers applying this method for description of Earth's crust vertical motions. This new application of the method is based on the analysis of triangular finite-elements normals processed by nonparametric statistics.


Abstract Infrared absorption spectra of cyclopentanol-OH and -OD have been measured in the 16 - 3700 cm−1 frequency range for crystal IV, III, II, I and liquid phases. The role of both the hydrogen bond and the conformation of a molecule in polymorphism is discussed.


We present measurements of the far-UV (FUV; 1530 Å) and near-UV (NUV; 2310 Å) galaxy luminosity functions (LFs) at low redshift (z ≤ 0.2) from Galaxy Evolution Explorer observations matched to the Two-Degree Field (2dF) Galaxy Redshift Survey. We split our FUV and NUV samples into two UV - bJ color bins and two redshift bins. As observed at optical wavelengths, the local LF of the bluest galaxies tend to have steeper faint-end slopes and fainter characteristic magnitudes M* than the reddest subsamples. We find evidence for color-dependent evolution at very low redshift in both bands, with bright blue galaxies becoming dominant in the highest redshift bin. The evolution of the total LF is consistent with an ~0.3 mag brightening between z ~ 0 and 0.13, in agreement with the first analysis of deeper GALEX fields probing adjacent and higher redshifts.


Caylloma is a district that belongs to the Arequipa region, is located in southern Peru, at an average altitude of 4310 meters above sea level. Caylloma has an activated sludge plant with the capacity to treat up to 200 m3 / d, but given the population increase and low temperatures, bacterial activity is inhibited, which does not guarantee a significant reduction in organic load or bacterial load pathogenic. The research aims to optimize the operation of the domestic wastewater treatment plant. During the investigation, the evaluation, analysis and optimization of wastewater treatment was developed by adding Biocarriers to the two biological reactor tanks, which enabled the activated sludge system to be transformed into a "Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor" -MBBR system -, which consists of the increase of biomass in the reactor tanks, which allows a greater degradation of the organic matter, to obtain an increase of 40% of the total treatment capacity of the plant. At the end of the optimization process there is currently a plant capable of treating an average flow of 280 m3 / d, which covers the requirements of an approximate population of 3200 inhabitantss.


O n Friday night, 7 November 1919, U.S. government personnel raided dozens of Union of Russian Workers (URW) locals in at least 18 cities and towns across eight states, arresting 1,182 Russian immigrants suspected of being anarchist members of the URW. Nearly all were beaten up and bloodied while agents ransacked the buildings, smashing windows, furniture, and stairwells. Orchestrated by the Justice Department via its Bureau of Investigation (BI), the objectives of the so-called Palmer raids, named after U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, were to round up everyone present, secure internal URW papers, and eventually deport as many members as possible to destroy the organization. Of the people detained during the raids that night, 439 were held for formal deportation hearings. Following the 7 November raids, in the early hours of 21 December 1919, approximately 200 URW members were deported to Soviet Russia alongside roughly 35 unaffiliated Russian anarchists, notably the famous pair Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. Imprisoned at Ellis MARK GRUETER


We have studied the optical constants of cylindrite in the spectral range of (1.0 – 3.5)eV by spectroscopic ellipsometry and in the range of (1.8 – 3.2)eV by microreflection. The dielectric function was obtained by using a layer model and model dielectric functions. The obtained dielectric function of cylindrite shows similar behaviour as dielectric functions typical for semiconductors.


Blowouts are depressions that occur on coastal dunes, deserts and grasslands. The absence of vegetation in blowouts permits high speed winds to entrain and remove sediment. Whereas much research has examined patterns of wind flow and sediment transport on the stoss slopes and lee of sand dunes, no study has yet investigated the connections between secondary air‐flow structures and sediment transport in a blowout where zones of streamline compression, expansion and steering are less clearly delineated. In this study we investigated the variability of sediment flux and its relation to near‐surface wind speed and turbulence within a trough blowout during wind flow that was oblique to the axis of the blowout. Wind flow was measured using six, three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonic anemometers while sediment flux by eight sand traps, all operating at 25 Hz.


This paper addresses the qualitative component of the data collection, analysis and validation process within a Multi‐method research framework. The "functional" purpose of this research is to uncover the key "soft factors" impacting Information technology project success (and failures). The authors hypothesize that alarming (and increasing) rates of IT Project Failure (Stoica and Brouse, 2012) are strong indicators that this systemic trend has not yet been addressed from a root cause perspective. This trend has been explored from a distinctive lens integrating Grounded Theory, Social Theory and Systems Dynamic principles within the Multi‐method construct. This study capitalizes its validation against Field Methods within Social Sciences (Guest at. al., 2006). This key purpose of this paper is to present the statistical robustness as well as challenges of the data (post collection) gathered for the assessment of this systemic issue (and not its "functional" interpretation – which is addressed on separate publications).


An evaluation of functional visual performance of two currently marketed artificial tear products using the interblink interval visual acuity decay method showed that a tear with a polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol (PEG/PG)-based formulation (Systane Ultra, Alcon Laboratories) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the length of time within one line of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) within an interblink period at 90 minutes after instillation of a single drop. The drop was compared with a carboxymethylcellulose/glycerin-based tear (Optive, Allergan). Median times to one-line loss of BCVA were not statistically different at the timepoints of 15 or 45 minutes post-instillation.


Several studies have been conducted, which have shown connections between content in music and mathematics. Concepts such as fractions, ratios, etc. are mathematical concepts that also can be found or expressed through music. Although these connections have been made, they primarily address connections within the subject matter of music and math. This study attempts to find a correlation between a high school student participating in a school sponsored music program and receiving a higher average math grade. In the study, two school districts provided anonymous student math score data, while also showing which students participated in a music program. From the received data, I determined averages for each math class, standard deviations for each class, maximum and minimum scores, and combined math averages for the two schools. Based on the data received from Louisville High School and Waterloo High School, it was found that there is a correlation between a student participating in a music program and receiving a higher average math score. Limitations of the study included the sample size, whether the music students achieved higher in all subjects, as well as not being able to determine why the music students achieved higher than the non-music students. Mathematics and Music 3


Two-dimensional Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) is a complex ternary system that has recently attracted great attention due to its ability to be tuned over a range of chemical, optical and electrical properties. In the last decade, BCN structures have been extensively researched for many energy-related applications, from supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries to electrocatalysts and sensors. However, the stoichiometry dependent properties of BCN as well as the difficult-to-control domain distribution of boron, carbon, and nitrogen atoms throughout the planes result in challenges for the fabrication of devices with reproducible performance. This review starts by discussing the fundamental properties of BCN as compared to its parent compounds (hexagonal boron nitride and graphene). Then the fabrication methods are comprehensively reviewed, analyzing each method's advantages and shortcomings. This is followed by an explanation of BCN characteristics while particular attention is given to the surface chemistry and engineering of nanosheets. Applications of two dimensional BCN will also be reviewed to illustrate its significance over the last decade. Lastly, future trends and prospects of BCN structures will be reviewed, indicating on-going areas of research and the possible integration of BCN in semiconductor and energy-related applications.


This article follows a thread through the history of the quest for stable carbenes. The story begins in 1835 with the attempts by Dumas to dehydrate methanol to produce methylene. It continues through modern times to a point where the accumulation of many false starts in stable carbene synthesis led to the conventional wisdom that carbenes are so highly reactive that they exist only as labile, short-lived molecules. The report of the isolation of the first stable crystalline carbene in 1991 began a renaissance in the chemistry of isolable carbenes. Much of the older chemistry is currently being revisited and reinterpreted with the aid of modern analytical techniques. Easily handled carbenes are opening many new opportunities in both exploratory chemistry and industrial applications.


Metamaterials are artificial electromagnetic structures that can control permission/prohibition of electromagnetic wave propagation in order to realize unique and fascinating electromagnetic phenomena, and to invent state of the art functional circuits and antennas in the microwave region. The concept of metamaterials has been applied to various kinds of waves, not only for electromagnetic/light waves, but also for acoustic and other waves. Composite right/left handed (CRLH) metamaterials are one of the most instructive and useful concepts in that they can model complex phenomena of wave propagation simply with the use of equivalent circuit models verifying physical mechanisms, and that they are employed to practically design artificial materials and microwave circuits. Metamaterials were also combined with other physical phenomena, systems, or functionalities, such as quantum mechanics/optics, nonlinear systems, and so forth. Non-reciprocity, to be discussed here, is one of the attractive physical phenomena, which shows differences appearing in transmission coefficients between two anti-parallel propagation directions. It manifests itself by a combination of broken time reversal symmetry and broken spatial inversion symmetry. The broken time reversal symmetry has been realized by using the gyrotropic materials, such as ferrites in the microwave region and magneto-optic media in optics. In recent years, the solid-state technologies including PIN diodes, FETs, and time-varying switches, instead of gyro-magnetic materials, also play the same role in achieving off-diagonal components in permittivity or permeability tensors. On the other hand, broken spatial inversion symmetry can be realized by the use of geometrical asymmetries in the wave-guiding structures. In this paper, we focus on the nonreciprocal CRLH metamaterials realized by a combination of metamaterials and non-reciprocity. For most cases, nonreciprocities appearing in magnitude of transmission coefficients have been discussed for applications to isolators and circulators. These circuits operate in the vicinity of magnetic resonant frequency, and then suffer from significant magnetic losses. At frequencies far from the resonances, nonreciprocal phenomenon becomes weaker, but we can still utilize nonreciprocity appearing in phase of transmission coefficients. By using such a phase-shifting non-reciprocity in metamaterials, we can have situations where forward wave propagation with positive refractive index is dominant in one propagation direction, while backward wave propagation with negative refractive index is dominant in the opposite direction [1]. For specific cases, we can have unidirectional wavenumber vectors independently of the propagation directions at a given frequency. Under the condition with unidirectional wave number vectors, traveling wave resonators can be constructed showing that the resonant frequency is independent of the resonator's size, and that magnitude of the field profile is uniform, and gradient of phase distribution is tunable independently of the resonant conditions [2]. The resonators with tunable phase gradient were implemented into antenna applications to steer the beam. However, we still have difficulties in achieving wide scanning angles and in overcoming beam squint problem showing that the beam angle varies with the operational frequencies. In this paper, we review the recent progress on the nonreciprocal CRLH metamaterials for enhancement of non-reciprocities and for dispersion-less phase-shifting non-reciprocities to eliminate the beam squint [3].


To the editor: Iacoangeli et al. (1) set out to reexamine our model that FMRP and the noncoding RNA BC1 act together to bind to mRNAs (2). Basing conclusions entirely on an inability to find this specific interaction, the authors suggest that FMRP and BC1 operate independently. Repeated statements suggesting experimental procedures are "replicating" those in ref. 2 imply the authors tried to rigorously reproduce our experiments. This is patently untrue. Numerous important experimental differences easily explain the negative results: different FMRP protein sources, different antibodies, and different experimental procedures.


ABSTRACT Corn is the largest and most important agricultural commodity in America. Zein, one of the components in corn, has long been investigated for uses other than food and feed. Zein is a unique and complex material, and it is one of the few cereal proteins extracted in a relatively pure form. Today, because of environmental concerns, interest in zein utilization is again growing. Some of the more important research on zein is more than 50 years old. Most of this work has been either forgotten, lost, or difficult to locate. Much of this work was done at the USDA laboratory in Peoria, IL. Since most early zein literature is still easily accessible at that laboratory, this review on zein has been prepared making use of this old literature. This review reexamines the old literature and reconciles it with new zein research to illustrate some of the unique properties of and opportunities for zein.


III-V materials provide the highest efficiencies, but the higher cost of these materials compared to other alternatives such as silicon has limited their applications. One way of reducing the costs is by minimizing the amount of material needed. In this work, using optical simulations we test light trapping layers in the front and in the back of a GaAs single junction solar cell. By using these layers, we predict that we can obtain near optically thick GaAs single junctions with only 300 nm active material, with maximum calculated Jsc of 28.7 mA/cm2 under the radiative limit.


Starting from Coon-Baker-Yu (CBY) q-oscillator, a two parameter, multidimensional q-oscillator is formulated. It is shown that this procedure, called Fibonaccization, can be extended to any number of parameters. The relation between CBY states and Fibonacci CBY states are also investigated. Generalization of integers into q-basic numbers and generalization of quantum oscillators into q-oscillators [1,2,3] are related deformations. These deformations have been investigated in recent studies [4,6,7,8]. For example, oscillators with a spectrum given by basic numbers defined in symmetric form [9] [n] = q − q−n q − q−1 , (1) where q is a real parameter, have been used in the construction of the SUq (2) Lie algebra [2,3], q correction to Planck radiation and q statistics [10]. On the other hand, the Jackson basic number [12], given by [n] = q − 1 q − 1 , (2) is used in the construction of SLq (n) and SUq (n) quantum [12,13]. This form also yields the energy spectrum of the multidimensional (nonquantum) U(n) invariant CBY q-oscillator [14]. n fact, the two parameter generalization of basic numbers, [n] = q 1 − q 2 q1 − q2 , (3)


Based on copolymerization of NVK (N-vinylcarbazole) with an efficient Yb3+-centered NIR luminescent complex monomer [Zn(L1)(4-vinyl-Py)Yb(L2)3] (3) (H2L1 = N,N′-bis(salicylidene)cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, 4-vinyl-Py = 4-vinyl-pyridine, and HL2 = (Z)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethylidene)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one), the obtained single Zn2+–Yb3+-containing metallopolymer Poly(NVK-co-3) with an additional PVK (poly(N-vinylcarbazole))-to-Yb3+ Foster energy transfer was used as the emitting layer for the realization of NIR PLEDs. Moreover, among the Yb3+-centered NIR PLEDs, the superior performance (irradiances of 80.14–85.63 μW cm−2 and efficiencies of 0.05–0.058%) of the 75 : 1 feeding devices, the advantages of a low turn-on voltage (5–8 V), and the weak efficiency-roll-off relative to that of the small-molecule organo-Yb3+-based NIR OLEDs render the Yb3+-containing metallopolymer a new platform for PLEDs with wavelength above 900 nm.


B I o CHEMI CAL classification of the strictly anaerobic bacteria that comprise Bacteruides corrodens (Eiken, 1958) and its facultatively anaerobic counterpart Eikenella corrudens (Jackson and Goodman, 1972) poses problems associated with their cultivation. They grow poorly in fluid media, slowly on solid media and well only on media containing whole blood. Previous workers (Henriksen, 1948 and 1969; Eiken, 1958; Reinhold, 1966; Khairat, 1967; Hill, Snell and Lapage, 1970; and Jackson et al., 1971) reported that the organisms showed little activity when subjected to biochemical tests commonly employed in bacteriology. These findings are supported in the present study in which the range of tests has been extended and other organisms with some similar properties to those possessed by " corrodens " bacteria have been included for comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organisms


The combination of unilateral frontal headache and acute ipsilateral hypoglossal palsy is typical of an infraclinoidal dissection of the internal carotid artery and is well known (1). Recently, the combination of acute severe parietal headache and idiopathic hypoglossal nerve palsy has also been described (2, 3). In a small case study, seven out of nine patients complained of localized, continuous, unilateral occipital pain (3). We have seen a patient who presented with acute-onset, repeated, unilateral headache attacks with severe atrophy of the ipsilateral tongue, probably due to neurovascular contact between the 12th cranial nerve and the right vertebral artery (VA).