N itric oxide (NO) is a recently appreciated regulator molecule for leukocytes, endothelial cells of blood vessels, and neurons in the brain and peripheral nervous system. NO is handled in the body quite differently from other autacoids and neurotransmitters such as the biogenic amines. Whereas the latter are generally stored in vesicles, released by exocytosis, and act at specific receptor proteins on adjacent cells, NO is formed on demand by the action of NO synthase (NOS) on arginine and diffuses to adjacent target cells, where its best characterized "receptor" is the iron at the active site of guanylyl cyclase. This type of intercellular signaling is similar to that used by autacoid messengers, such as prostaglandins. Biologic NO formation was discovered as a physiological regulator molecule independently in blood vessels, macrophages, and, subsequently, neurons. Classic studies of Furchgott and Zawadzki' addressed the obligatory role of endothelium in the vascular relaxation produced by acetylcholine. In vessel segments precontracted with norepinephrine, acetylcholine elicited relaxation only if the endothelium was present, suggesting endothelial release of a substance that diffuses to the smooth muscle. This "endothelium-derived relaxing factor" (EDRF), which in some physiological systems has a half-life of only 3 to 5 seconds, was eventually determined to be NO23 and has subsequently been shown to be the active vasodilating metabolite of nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates.4 More recently, NO has been shown to circulate as an S-nitrosoadduct of serum albumin, which may serve to increase its half-life in blood.5 In macrophages, NO may account for tumoricidal and bactericidal actions. These effects are blocked by deletion of the NO precursor arginine from the medium or by adding derivatives of arginine, such as NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which compete with arginine for NOS and thus inhibit NO formation. In addition to macrophages, neutrophils possess active NOS. Whether NO formed from inducible NOS fully


Mucoadhesive tablets of diltiazem hydrochloride were formulated as matrix tablets employing, polyethylene oxide (Polyox) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and were investigated for mucoadhesion and drug release behavior. Tablets formulated using different viscosity grades of Polyox showed the drug release decreased with viscosity of Polyox increased. Tablet prepared with Polyox alone were slowly eroded and were dissolved completely within 6-10 hours. The mucoadhesive strength of the matrices increased with increase in polymer content. When HPMC was incorporated, the tablets remained intact and provided slow release of diltiazem for over 12 hr. A 3 2 full factorial design was conducted to optimized the formulation. The kinetic modeling study of all batches was shown anomalous pattern of drug release. The drug was released by both erosion and diffusion mechanism. Thus the developed formulation can be suitable for targeted delivery of diltiazem in upper part of GI tract where the absorption of diltiazem is more confined.


We study the existence of a class of nonlinear elliptic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions by using variational methods for the various cases that λ,μ∈R and 1p,q2N/(N-2).The results of this paper are new.


Abstract The growth of international branch campuses (IBCs) in China, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) accounts for a significant portion of the overall growth of IBCs globally. Conversely the largest exporter of IBCs globally is the United States, with several U.S. IBCs located in each of these importing countries. With the intention of focusing on the largest importing countries and the largest exporting country in the development of IBCs, this article presents a comparative analysis of the development of U.S. IBCs in China, Qatar, and the UAE. The analysis serves to add to the discourse on how these organizations are designed and organized from a sustainability perspective to meet the educational demands and regulatory framework of the host country. The divergent strategies for IBC development employed in these three countries provide an ideal medium in which to comparatively explore the poorly understood complexities of IBC development in differing countries. The article draws on three key sources of information to highlight the comparatively different approaches to the organizational development of IBCs within each of the respective regions. To illuminate the differing organizational designs that have emerged in the three counties, this article situates the development of IBCs in a historical context, applies an organizational theory framework, and draws from primary qualitative data collected by the author. The author highlights that the different strategies in the organizational design of IBC business models in each of the three countries evolved due to specific economic strategies unique to the respective country and that the differing strategies are in part necessary for sustainability within the respective host country.


As an anesthesiologist, I care for patients using Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) protocols; I have seen patients who have suffered from the morbidity and mortality of perisurgical complications—especially from surgical site infections. SCIP is a quality program with proven clinical benefit (Munday, Deveaux, Roberts, Fry, & Polk, 2014). More than a decade has passed since SCIP was implemented, and the volume of SCIP data generated from different types of acute care facilities in a variety of settings allows for the analysis Beauvais, Richter, Kim, Sickels, Hook, Kiley, and Horal have provided. Their research is timely and unique. Physicians are constantly seeking ways to improve care and reduce complications, but as the authors suggest, not all quality projects or programs improve clinical outcomes or are cost effective. The findings on net patient revenue and SCIP-Inf-4, for example, are not surprising. Interestingly, aggressive postoperative glucose management in cardiac patients has been challenged, and there is no consensus opinion on acceptable values for this metric (Reddy, Duggar, & Butterworth, 2014). However, the impact of SCIP-Inf-4 on operating margin is positive. This is a puzzling finding, and I am curious if compliance with SCIP-Inf-4 consumes more resources and time than the other metrics. The authors suggest there is a correlation between Leapfrog scores and hospital financial performance. I surmise hospitals that achieve robust compliance with quality programs and adherence to best practices, including SCIP, also focus on operational efficiencies and accountability. The operational culture of an organization affects both quality and operations (Baird, Kristal, & Reeve, 2011). This research is encouraging, and it would be valuable to measure hospital financial performance for other specific quality metrics including the core measures provided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, also. While there are significant financial pressures on hospitals, as the authors point out, there are also significant resource pressures. Determining which quality programs and protocols will produce both a clinical and an economic benefit is a worthwhile goal. The recent expansion of the number of quality metrics hospitals and physicians are required to report creates an economic burden. As we transition the U.S. healthcare system from volume to value with an emphasis on quality, it is important to continue to


The utility model relates to a flow velocity sensor, consisting of an impeller whose blades are plated with a reflective film, a metal wire, a frame, a measuring bar, a conductor, a reflective photoelectric sensor and a plug. The metal wire passes through a central hole of the impeller, and the two ends are fixedly arranged on the frame, which is connected with the measuring bar; the reflective photoelectric sensor is arranged at the lower part of the measuring bar, while the plug is arranged at the upper part of the measuring bar, and the upper and the lower part of the measuring bar are connected by the conductor. The utility model reflexes the light produced by the reflective photoelectric sensor with the reflection blades and transfers the light to periodic pulse signal output to test the flow velocity. The utility model has the advantages of low light current, large signal output, strong anti-interference ability, easy process, low cost, high reliability, good stability, etc.


PSpice is a widely used simulated software of electronic circuits.The circuit performance can be analyzed according to the construction of a circuit and the parameters of the components by PSpice, and the analysis results can be applied to appraise the correctness of circuit design conveniently and exactly.The article introduces the function and characteristics of software PSpice, and utilizes PSpice to carry on simulation to envelop detector, observes and analyzes two specific distortions (inert distortion and distortion of bottom incised).Through this example it illustrates how simulate and analyze to high frequency electronic circuits with PSpice, it will provide new methodology of designing and teaching of high frequency electronic circuits.


The subject of the paper titled: "Polish minority and its position in the Ukrainian national structure" is aimed at showing – mainly the quantity- the position of Polish minority in Ukraine against other nationalities constituting the contemporary Ukrainian nation. A particular attention has been paid to the diminishing tendency among people, who declare Polish identity – out of 363 000 in 1959, up to 220 000 in 1989. This phenomenon deserves to be particularly emphasized, because other nationalities – apart from the Jews, whose number decreased even more than the Poles – increased their population or it remained on the same level. The Polish political transformation in 1989 influenced the level of its citizens' national identity, who were in "Identical trance. The situation is completely different in Ukraine. In 1989 about 220 000 of Ukrainian citizens declared Polish nationality and the number decreased during the next two years. This alarming situation signalizes the irreversible process happening in Ukraine, lower and lower number of nationals believes that there is no use in maintaining Polish nationality.


The magnetic susceptibility and Mossbauer spectra of the compounds: CuFeCl4, AgFeCl4, and TlFeCl4 have been measured. These data can be interpreted for the Ag and Tl compounds as Ag(I) and Tl(I) with Fe(III). In contrast, CuFeCl4 must be interpreted as Cu(II) and Fe(II). The magnetic susceptibility of AgFeCl4, TlFeCl4, and CuFeCl4 follows a Curie–Weiss law to low temperatures with Curie–Weiss constants of 53, 31, and − 14.1°K, respectively. All three become antiferromagnetic with Neel temperatures of 13.1 ± 0.2, 11.2 ± 0.2, and 20.5 ± 0.3°K, respectively. The isomer shifts relative to a copper matrix source of AgFeCl4, TlFeCl4, and CuFeCl4 were found to be + 0.11, + 0.11, and + 0.92 mm/sec, respectively, whereas the quadrupole splittings were found to be 0.16, 0.00, and 0.60 mm/sec, in the same order. The Fe(II) seems to be in a significantly lower symmetry environment than the Fe(III), probably due to the different geometrical demands of Cu(II) compared to Ag(I) and Tl(I).


Abstract : Chairman Lieberman, Ranking Member Collins, distinguished Members of the Committee, thank you for the opportunity today to discuss the current state of the terrorist threat to the Homeland and the U.S. Government's efforts to address the threat. I am pleased to join Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano and Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Robert Mueller--two of the National Counterterrorism Center's (NCTC) closest and most critical partners. Nature of the Terrorist Threat During the past year our nation has dealt with the most significant developments in the terrorist threat to the Homeland since 9/11. The three attempted Homeland attacks during the past year from overseas-based groups--including Pakistan-based al-Qa'ida's plan to attack the New York City subway one year ago, its regional affiliate al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula's (or AQAP's) attempt to blow up an airliner over Detroit last Christmas, and al-Qa'ida's closest ally Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan's (or TTP's) attempt to bomb Times Square in May--in addition to two lone actor attacks conducted by homegrown extremists Carlos Bledsoe and Nidal Hassan, surpassed the number and pace of attempted attacks during any year since 9/11. The range of al-Qa'ida core, affiliated, allied, and inspired US citizens and residents plotting against the Homeland during the past year suggests the threat against the West has become more complex and underscores the challenges of identifying and countering a more diverse array of Homeland plotting.


With the boundary integral-equation method developed by the author, the wave-exciting forces on and wave-induced motions of a floating body in two-layer fluids are computed and their characteristics are discussed. In a two-layer fluid, for a prescribed frequency, there can be two incident waves with different wavelengths (the surface-wave mode with longer wavelength and the internal-wave mode with shorter wavelength). Thus the waveexciting forces and resulting motions are computed separately for each mode of the incident wave. Investigation is focused on how the difference in the ratio of the fluid density and the vertical position of the interface may influence the motions of a body. The effect of the density ratio appears mainly in heave, changing the resonant frequency especially when the lower-fluid density is large and a two-layer fluid is virtually of single layer with shallow depth. The effect of the interface position can be identified in roll and sway more obviously than in heave, as a shift of the frequency of roll resonance and associated rapid variation in sway.


An 8-wk experiment was conducted to determine the optimal protein requirement of juvenile black sea bream, Sparus macrocephalus, (initial weight 13.13 ± 0.21 g, mean ± SD) in 18 300-L indoor flow-through circular fiberglass tanks provided with sand-filtered aerated seawater. Six isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain varying protein levels ranging from 31.95 to 48.53% at about 3% protein increments by substituting corn oil and α-starch for fish meal. Each diet was assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish in a completely randomized design. Twenty uniform-sized fish were stocked in a 300-L indoor flow-through circular fiberglass tank. After the feeding trial, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) increased with increasing levels of dietary protein up to 41.8% (P 0.05). Feed efficiency ratio (FER) improved as dietary protein level increased, with the maximum FER in the 41.8% protein diet, although this was not significantly different from the 45.2% protein diets. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of main ingredients of diets tended to improve as the protein level increased, although they decreased to a different extent at higher levels of dietary protein. The highest ADC values of organic matter and protein were both found for fish fed 41.8% protein diet, while lipid and energy were at 38.5 and 45.2% protein diet, respectively. The whole-body protein content was positively correlated with dietary protein levels, while lipid content was negatively correlated. The muscle crude protein and crude lipid contents were significantly affected (P 0.05). Dietary protein levels had significant influences on plasma parameters (P < 0.05). The concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase significantly reduced with dietary protein level except plasma total protein contents which presented reverse trend. Analysis of dose (protein level)–response (SGR) with second-order polynomial regression suggested that the optimal dietary protein requirement was 41.4%.


This paper explains the early U.S. Department of Commerce estimates of national income and product during the 1930s and 1940s, focusing on how both economic theory and the needs of policymakers influenced the methods and concepts used. The paper explores the debate between Simon Kuznets, author of Commerce's first estimates of national income during the Great Depression, and Milton Gilbert, author of Commerce's first estimates of gross national product (GNP) during World War II, over the meaning and measurement of the nation's final product.


The present article is a concise review on the application – oriented basic research on nanomedicine in Vietnam during the 5-year period 2012-2016. The content of review includes following topics: biomedical utilization of targeting folate-decorated paclitaxel-loaded PLA-TPGS nanomaterial, dendrimer-based anticancer drug, special drug delivery nanosystems, various utilization of nanocurcumin in nanomedicine, biosensor and biosensing methods, and antibacterial activity of several types of nanoparticles. ISSN: 2637-4579 DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000139 Op Acc J Bio Eng & Bio Sci Citation: Bich Ha N. Advances in Research on Biomedical Nanomaterials in Vietnam. Op Acc J Bio Eng & Bio Sci 2(3)2018.OAJBEB. MS.ID.000139. DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000139. Copyrights@ Bich H N. 177 the herb curcumin longa. Curcumin processes anti-oxidant, antiflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-microbial properties. It also suppresses proliferation of many tumor cells. However, the clinical application of curcumin in cancer treatment is considerably limited due to its serious poor delivery characteristics. In order to increase the hydrophilicity and drug delivery capability the authors encapsulated curcumin into copolymer PLA-TPGS, 1,3-β-glucan (Glu), O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMCS) and folate-conjunged OCMCS (OCMCS-Fol). These polymer-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-PLATPGS, Cur-Glu, Cur-OCMCS and Cur-OCMCS-Fol) were characterized by infrared, fluorescence, photoluminescence spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and found to be spherical particles with an average size 50–100 nm. They were much more soluble in water than not only free curcumin but also other biodegradable polymer-encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles. The anti-tumor promoting assay was carried out, showing the positive effects of Cur-Glu and Cur-PLA-TPGS on tumor promotion of Hep-G2 cell line in vitro. Confocal microscopy revealed that the nano-sized curcumin encapsulated by OCMCS and OCMCS-Fol significantly enhanced the cellular uptake (cancer cell HT29 and HeLa). Biosensor for cholesterol detection using interdigitated electrodes based on polyaniline-carbon nanotube film was fabricated by Tran DL et al. [5]. In this work polyaniline-carboxylic multiwalled carbon nanotube composite film (PANi-MWCNT) has been polymerized on the surface of interdigitated platinum electrode (fabricated by MEMS technology) which was compatibly connected to Autolab interface via universal serial bus. An amperometric biosensor based on covalent immobilization of cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) on PANi-MWCNT film with potassium ferricyanide (FeCN) as the redox mediator was developed. The mediator helps to shuttle the electrons between the immobilized ChOx and the PANi-MWCNT electrode, therefore operating at a low potential -0.3V compared to the saturated calomel electrode. This potential precludes the interfering compounds from oxidation. The bio-electrode exhibits good linearity from 0.02 to 1.2 mM cholesterol concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. Electrochemical immunosensors based on different serum anti-body immobilization methods for detecting Japanese encephalitis virut (JEV) was developed by Tran Q H et al. [6]. Human serum containing anti-JEV was immobilized onto the surface of silanized interdigitated electrodes by four methods: direct adsorption (APTES-serum), covalent binding with a cross linker of glutaraldehyde (APTES-GA-serum), covalent binding with a cross linker of glutaraldehyde combined with anti-human IgG (APTES-GA-anti-HIgG-serum) and covalent binding with a cross linker of glutaraldehyde combined with a bioaffinity of protein A (APTES-GA-PrA-serum). Atomic force microscopy was used to verify surface characteristics of the interdigitated electrodes before and after treatment with serum antibodies. The output signal of the immunosensors was measured with the change of conductivity resulting from the specific binding of JEV antigens and serum antibodies immobilized on the electrodes with the help of horseradish peroxidax (HRP)-labeled secondary anti-body against JEV. In reference Le QM et al. [7] presented the results of the preparation of the luminescent lanthanide nanophosphore (LLN) and bioconjugates linked with LLN as well as their application as label tool for recognizing virus in the processing line of vaccine industrial production. Several LLNs with the nanostructure forms of particles or rods/wires with europium (III) and terbium (III) ions in lattices of vanadate, phosphate and metal organic complex were prepared to develop novel fluorescent conjugates able to be applied as labels in fluorescence immunoassay analysis of virus/ vaccine. Graphene patterned polyaniline-based biosensor for glucose detection was fabricated by Phan N M et al. [8]. In this work a glucose electrochemical biosensor was layer-by-layer fabricated from graphene and polyaniline films. Graphene sheets (0.5*0.5 cm2) with the thickness of 5 nm (15 layers) were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition under ambient pressure on cooper tapes. Then they were transferred into integrated Fe3O4doped polyaniline (PANi) based microelectrodes. The properties of the nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical methods such as square wave voltammetry (SWV) and chronoamperometry. The prepared graphene patterned sensor (denoted as Graphene/Fe3O4/PANi/ GOx) shows much improved glucose sensitivity (as high as 47 μA M-1 cm-2) compared to sensors without graphene (10–30 μA mM-1 cm-2). Dye-doped water soluble silica-based nanoparticles to lebel bacteria E. coli O157:H7 were investigated by Tran H N et al. [9]. In this work organically modified silicate (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B dyes were synthesized by Stöber method from methytrietho-xylane CH3Si(OCH3)3 precursor (MTEOS). The NPs are surface functionalized by cationic amino groups. The optical characterization of dye-doped ORMOSIL NPs was studied in comparison with that of free dye in solution. The synthesized NPs were used for labeling bacteria E. coli O157:H7. The number of bacteria has been counted using the fluorescence spectra and microscope images. The results show the ability of NPs to work as biomarkers. Capping and in vivo toxicity studies of gold nanoparticles were performed by Tran H N et al. [10]. In this work water-dispersed colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with high concentration were synthesized from metal precursor HAuCl4. The bovine serium albumin (BSA) and heterobiofunctionalized thiol polyethylene glycol acid (HS-PEG-COOH) were used as biofunctionalized layers for the synthesized AuNPs. The BSA and HS-PEG-COOH bound to the AuNPs were characterized qualitatively and quantitatively by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The fabricated BSA and HS-PEG-COOHcaped AuNPs were introduced in mouse to study its toxicity and its availability in the liver. Op Acc J Bio Eng & Bio Sci Copyrights@ Bich H N. Citation: Bich Ha N. Advances in Research on Biomedical Nanomaterials in Vietnam. Op Acc J Bio Eng & Bio Sci 2(3)2018.OAJBEB. MS.ID.000139. DOI: 10.32474/OAJBEB.2018.02.000139. 178 In reference Vu DL et al. [11] have demonstrated the powerful disinfectant ability of colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for the prevention of gastrointestinal bacterial infections. AgNPs colloid was synthesized by a UV-enhanced chemical precipitation. Two gastrointestinal bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (ATCC 43888-O157:k-:H7) and Vibrio cholera (O1) were used to verify the antibacterial activity of the as-prepared AgNPs colloid by means of surface disinfection assay in agar plates and turbidity assay in liquid media. Transmission electron microscopy was also employed to analyze the ultrastructural changes. The demonstration of a high efficiency for loading and releasing dendrimer-based anticancer drugs against cancer cell in vitro and in vivo was performed by Nguyen T P et al. [12]. In this work pegylated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer at generation 3.0 (G 3.0) and carboxylated PAMAM dendrimer G 2.5 were prepared for loading anticancer drugs. For loading cisplatin, carboxylated dendrimer could carry 26.64 wt% of ciplatin. The nanocomplexes have size ranging from 10 to 30 nm in diameter. The drug nanocarrier showed activity against NCI-H 460 lung cancer cell line with IC50 of 23.11±2.08 μg ml-1. Pegylated PAMAM dendrimer (G 3.0) were synthesized below 40 nm in diameter for carrying 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). For 5-FU encapsulation, pegylated dendrimer showed a high drug-loading efficiency of the drug and a slow release profile of 5-FU. The drug nanocarrier system exhibited an antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells with a IC50 of 9.92±0.19 μg ml-1. In vivo tumor xemograft study showed that the 5-FU encapsulated pegylation of dendrimer exhibited a significant decrement in volume of tumor which was generated by MCF-7 cancer cells. Curcumin-loaded pluronic F127/chitosan nanoparticles for cancer therapy were prepared by Le Q H et al. [13]. In this work curcumin-loaded nanoparticles have been prepared by an ionic gelation method using chitosan (CS) and pluronic F127 (PF) as carriers to deliver curcumin to the target cancer cells. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized using zetasizer, fluorescence microscopy, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin was approximately 50%. The average size of curcumin-loaded PF/CS nanoparticles was 150.9 nm, while the zeta potential was 5.09 mV. Cellular uptake of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles into HEK293 cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The fabrication of layer-by-layer biosensor using graphene films and the application for cholesterol determination were performed by Tran D L et al. [14]. The graphene films were synthesized by thermal chemical v


It is shown that the modified Emden equation q+α(t)q+qn=0 possesses first integrals for functions α(t) other than kt−1. The function α(t) is obtained explicitly in the case n=3 and parametrically for other n(≠2). The case n=2 is seen to be particularly difficult to solve.


Multiple studies suggest that the level of patient care may decline in the future because of a larger aging population and medical staff shortages. Wireless sensing systems that automate some of the patient monitoring tasks can potentially improve the efficiency of patient workflows, but their efficacy in clinical settings is an open question. In this article, we introduce the challenges that such wireless sensing systems must overcome and provide insights on the techniques and features that system designers should consider for successful deployments in clinical settings. We do so through MEDiSN, a wireless sensor network (WSN) designed to continuously monitor the vital signs of ambulatory patients. We validate the usefulness of MEDiSN with test bed experiments and results from a pilot study performed at the Emergency Department, Johns Hopkins Hospital. Promising results indicate that MEDiSN can tolerate high degrees of human mobility, is well received by patients and staff members, and performs well in real clinical environments.We leverageourexperiencefrom this hospitalpilot study to outline outstanding issues and argue about the steps necessary to bring wireless sensing applications to commercial use. Wireless Sensor Networks An increasingly aging population combined with nursing staff shortages [1] and decreasing hospital capacities [2] suggest that maintaining the current level of hospital care is becoming an increasing challenge. Inefficient and labor-intensive procedures, such as recording the patients' vital signs periodically, included in current hospital workflows are some of the underlying causes for


than an Emperor could fulfill. . . . The way was free for the Eternal Gospel," which the might of the Empire had not been sufficient to destroy. This, in a word, is the story which Ethelbert Staufïer, well known New Testament scholar and numismatist, unfolds dramatically and well. The hopes which the pagan emperors held out to the people and the quite different hopes which the first Christian emperor proffered are portrayed in their coins, the ancient world's primary means of propaganda.


We report on the fabrication of high-Q microresonators made of low-loss, thermoplastic polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) directly processed on a silicon substrate. Using this polymer-on-silicon material in combination with a thermal reflow step enables cavities of conical geometry with an ultrasmooth surface. The cavity Q factor of these PMMA resonators is above 2×106 in the 1300 nm wavelength range. Finite element simulations show the existence of a variety of "whispering gallery" modes in these resonators explaining the complexity of the measured transmission spectra.


Carbon dioxide flooding is currently being investigated as possible EOR processes in UAE candidate reservoirs. The major reasons for selecting CO2 flooding as an EOR process were low permeability and heterogeneity of these reservoirs that resulted in poor response to traditional water injection. In this study, immiscible CO2 displacement efficiency of low permeability carbonate rocks of a selected UAE field is evaluated experimentally. Laboratory tests were conducted on seven tight cores extracted from the selected oil field with a permeability range from 0.16 to 11.99 mD and porosity range from 7.72 to 18.63%. The effects of pressure, permeability, and initial oil saturation on the residual oil saturation after flooding at immiscible conditions were investigated in this study. The pressure was varied from 1600 to 4000 psi, and permeability was varied from 0.16 to 11.99 mD at constant pressure of 1600 psi. All runs were conducted at isothermal condition of 127 oF while the initial oil saturation ranged from 0.334 to 0.79 % pore volume. Experimental results indicated that immiscible supercritical (SC) CO2 is capable of mobilizing oil in the very low permeability environment (0.16 mD) with reasonable displacement efficiency. Also, higher displacement efficiencies could be obtained if we start the flooding process earlier, i.e. at higher oil saturation, as there is a critical starting oil saturation required to optimize the displacement efficiency. Side effects from the process are that notable asphaltene precipitation was observed and SC CO2 injection in limestone cores results in the precipitation of calcite in the downstream area. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to provide accurate description of pores prior and post CO2 flooding experiments and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS) was used to evaluate the composition of the deposited asphaltene.


The studies were conducted on grasslands in the middle Wieprz valley in 2017. The aim of study was to assess the diversity of the species composition of selected grassland, depending on the frequency of mowing. The investigations focused on the meadow vegetation of Molinietalia order, Arrhenatheretalia order, the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class and Phragmitetea class. The floristic diversity of the grassland communities was determined based on two indices, namely the number of species (SN) and the ShannonWiener index H. In order to detect significant differences between the obtained values of these indexes for the particular grasslands (taking into account the research factors), 554 Mariusz Kulik et al. a variance analysis was carried out, taking into account the Linear Model (LM) for the Shannon-Wiener index and a Generalised Linear Model (GLM) for the number of species on the assumption of the Poisson distribution of this variable. In addition, a Multidimensional principal component analysis (PCA) (Jolliffe 2002) was carried out to detect the variation of the analysed dataset with regard to the values of the ecological indices (Ellenberg et al. 1992). In the grassland under study, the number of species varied depending on the type of meadow and mowing frequency. Meadows with vegetation of the Arrhenatheretalia order had the greatest number of species. Furthermore, the number of species was found to increase with the growing frequency of use. The least numerous communities occurred in rush meadows (Phragmitetea class). A more frequent use of the sward of these communities led to a decreased number of species. Similar trends were observed in the case of the Shannon-Wiener index values. A variance analysis was carried out and its results indicate a significant influence of both research factors (meadow type and cutting frequency) on the floristic diversity of the communities under study. The biggest significant differences were confirmed between meadow vegetation of the Arrhenatheretalia order and Phragmitetea class. The biggest influence of cutting frequency on the increased species diversity occurred in meadows with communities of the Arrhenatheretalia and Molinietalia order. According to a multidimensional principal component analysis (PCA) indications, habitat humidity is the main factor determining the type of meadow community and its species diversity.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of CpG-ODN 2006,the effective component of BCG vaccine,on cytokines production of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMCs).Methods Different concentrations of CpG-ODN 2006 were administered to HPBMCs cultured in vitro for 72 hours. The cultured supernate from the stimulated HPBMCs were harvested and the level of interleukin 12 (IL、12) and interleukin 4 (IL、4) were detected by ELISA.Results CpG、ODN 2006 could significantly stimulate HPBMCs to product IL、12,Th1-associated cytokines,the enhancement was does-dependent. But CpG-ODN 2006 had no obvious effect to the secretion of IL、4,the Th2-associated cytokine.Conclusion CpG、ODN 2006 might be an effective adjuvant to induce cellular immune response via the secreation of IL、12 of HPBMCs. These results suggest that CpG、ODN 2006 might be used for bladder cancer immunotherapy.


Nature-inspired computational techniques are nowadays being developed for and employed in various application domains. Evolutionary algorithms, known as general and robust optimizers, have recently been extended to deal with multiobjective optimization where search for the best among candidate solutions is performed not according to one, but multiple, usually conflicting objectives. In this paper we show how evolutionary multiobjective optimization can be used in parameter tuning and performance analysis of a metallurgical production process where several empirical criteria are applied to ensure the process safety and product quality. The paper introduces the concept of multiobjective optimization and the applied algorithm, describes the considered task of process parameter tuning and the performed numerical experiments, and discusses the obtained results. In contrast to single-objective optimization, the multiobjective approach enables a much better insight into the process performance.


This work introduces a new thermoelastic model of an isotropic and homogeneous annular cylinder. The cylinder's bounding inner surface is shocked thermally, and the bounding outer surface has no temperature increment and volumetric strain. The governing equations in the context of the hyperbolic two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity with fractional-order strain theory have been derived. The numerical solutions of the conductive temperature, dynamic temperature, displacement, strain, and stress are illustrated in figures that use various values of fractional-order and two-temperature parameters to stand on their effects on the thermal and mechanical waves. The fractional-order parameter has significant impacts on the displacement, strain, and stress distributions. However, it does not affect dynamic or conductive temperatures. The hyperbolic two-temperature model is a successful model for making thermal and mechanical waves propagate at limited speeds.


China represents a highly significant case that can inform debates on the nature and logic of capitalism, especially those expressed in the wider Comparative Capitalisms (CC) literature. This is not just because of China's sheer size and international economic influence, but also because China's form of capitalism – Sino-capitalism – opens up new avenues for theoretical inquiry in CC. Specifically, Sino-capitalism's constitution demonstrates the importance of Regulation Theory's more open and evolutionary approach to understanding CC. Sino-capitalism conceives China's political economy as driven by the dialectic of top-down state-centric modes of governance interacting with bottom-up networked modes of entrepreneurship based on market competition. This contrasts with the more static comparative approaches in most of the CC literature. In particular, this conception highlights how compensatory institutional complementarities are central to understanding CC. To illustrate Sino-capitalism's dynamic of reproduction, the article looks at recent policy initiatives that aim to rebalance China's development model. Even though rebalancing incorporates more forceful economic liberalization, retaining and strengthening state control over crucial areas of socio-economic governance is central. China is therefore pursuing a policy package that seeks to strengthen state governance capacity and market forces in tandem, illuminating the chronic re-composition and rebalancing of institutional spheres via top-down/bottom-up dialectics shaping Sino-capitalism.


Software Product Lines (LPS) is a development approach whose aims is to create a family of software. Despite the increasing interest in software product lines, researches in this area are still very scarce. This hampers broader conclusions about the effective application of principles-based LPS in real systems development. Thus this work describes an experiment involving the extraction of a product line for the TBC-GAAL, educational software developed in Java programming language for teaching Analytic Geometry and Linear Algebra. Using conditional compilation, ten TBC-GAAL features were implemented. The features considered in the experiment were characterized using a set of specific measures for software product lines. Considering the results of this characterization, we highlighted the key challenges involved in extracting features from real software.


Graphics Processing Units (GPU) for General-Purpose parallel computing are applied in this work to support the construction of state-space graphs of Input-Output Place-Transition (IOPT) Petri net models (commonly known as reachability graphs). Starting from previous works already integrated and publicly available in the IOPT-Tools framework, a new algorithm to build the state-space graph is proposed based on its adaptation to General-Purpose computing on GPU platforms (GPGPU). To implement the new algorithm, part of the code that is automatically generated by the state-space generator of the IOPT tool framework was adapted to run on a NVIDIA GPU under the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) Toolkit. The GPU was used as a co-processor, namely the known sequential part of the algorithm runs on the CPU and the identified computationally-intensive part, concerning to the treatment of each unprocessed state and the calculation of all its child nodes, is handled by the GPU. A set of IOPT models already available at the IOPT-Tools framework are used to validate the results obtained with the new algorithm.


Based on the study and description of the large single-piece and small batch production characteristics and main process,the drawbacks of the traditional inventory management is analyzed,and a mathematical model is determined for economic replenishment quantities under the discrete demand.This model can be more effective in strengthening the inventory management,increasing the level of enterprise inventory management,reducing inventory costs,improving economic efficiency of enterprises and enabling enterprises to achieve business goals and better cost control.


We evaluate the information content of money for forecasting purpose by introducing a real money gap into a New Keynesian Phillips Curve estimated for Argentina and Chile. We estimate models using high and low frequency data and conduct out-of-sample forecast for di¤erent horizons. The introduction of the real money gap does not improve forecast accuracy for quarterly data, but it signi…cantly ads predictive power at lower frequencies. JEL: E4, E31, E52, E47


A tentative conceptual framework for understanding the transnational political role of universities is presented. It categorizes university participation in such a way that issues of interdependence and autonomy, and the conflict between the two, can be examined.  HE 012 625 37 pages MF $.98 PC $4.55


Review(s) of: Fascinating First-Hand View of Landcare's Creation, Landcare in Victoria, Edited by Rob Youl ISBN 0 9775240 0 0.


had shown that squalene is a biogenetic precursor of lanosterol and cholesterol. Thus, the mevalonic acid-tosqualene pathway is central not only to terpenoid but also to steroid biosynthesis. Rita Cornforth made major experimental contributions to this beautiful work; she was personally responsible for the synthesis of the labeled mevalonate precursors. George Popjak, now at the University of California, Los Angeles, was deeply involved in the biochemical aspects of these studies, in a collaboration which spanned 20 years. Among the many important papers resulting from this collaboration is one dealing with the question of which of the two hydrogens at C-4 in the dihydropyridine ring of NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is transferred to the substrate in reductions involving the coenzyme. More recently, Cornforth's attention has been focused on compounds bearing a chiral methyl group; that is, R-CHDT. The synthesis and especially the enzymatic assay of such compounds are major technical achievements in which Cornforth has had the able collaboration of Professor H. Eggerer and his students in Munich. This problem also has been attacked independently in parallel experiments by D. Arigoni and his co-workers at the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) in Zurich. Although the synthesis of chiral methyl compounds by itself is a most intriguing development, it is the brilliantly imaginative way in which Cornforth has made use of this chiral methyl group to trace the stereochemical consequences of enzyme processes, which has been the consummate achievement. Thus Cornforth has shown that the condensation of acetyl coenzyme A with (R)-3-tritio-oxaloacetate in the presence of R-citrate synthase gives an atritiated citrate from which is generated (R)-acetate, CHDTCOOH, by cleavage in D20 with citrate lyase. From this it follows that the enzyme-mediated carbon-carbon cleavage proceeds in a stereospecific manner with inversion. Thus, the enzyme process is inherently stereospecific even though the isotopically normal substrate citric acid and the product acetic acid are themselves achiral. Cornforth is a very intense, incisive, and intellectual person, as well as a perfect gentleman in his scientific dealings with others. The scientific impact of his work has been carried more by his publications than his lectures. His public exposure has been less than that of others of comparable scientific stature because of his deafness. Cornforth is an excellent tennis player and chess enthusiast. He is reported to plan the downfall of his opponents at the chess


Albendazole was given orally to sheep with naturally occurring live pulmonary and hepatic cysts. The viability of pulmonary cysts was established before treatment by thoracotomy and needle puncture. Both 10 and 20 mg/kg/day doses were found effective in that no viable protoscoleces were found after six weeks' treatment in either group while untreated controls still had viable cysts. In addition, treated animals showed macroscopic and electron microscopic changes. Bone marrow toxicity probably occurred in two sheep.


The present invention relates to a coiler pinch roll biting instantaneous control method and apparatus. The method comprises the following steps: Step one: into the strip before the coiler pinch roller, the pinch roller position control is performed; pinch roller nip of the roll gap set value of the initial value setting GAP; Step two: with steel into the pinch rolls, i.e., biting moment, the pinch roller position control is performed while the assisting pressure control; step three: the tension of the coiler mandrel case, determining the type of control of the pinch roller behind. The control method and apparatus can effectively prevent the excessive impact of strip head and cause damage, and to ensure that the head of the strip passed into the coiler pinch rolls.


The Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) is a ded-icated gravity field mission currently under assessment by ESA (European Space Agency) for implementation in the 'Earth Explorer' Programme. The objective of the mission is to provide a unique global model of the Earth's gravity field with un-precedented accuracy and spatial resolution. This will provide new and fundamen-tal insight into a wide range of disciplines such as Solid Earth Physics, Oceanog-raphy and Geodesy. The mission goals will be achieved from a combination of gravity gradient measurements by a spaceborne gradiometer (SGG) and satellite-to-satellite (SST) measurements by a GPS/GLONASS receiver. The estimation of the gravity field parameters from these observations is a real challenge from a numerical point of view. About 62500 gravity field parameters have to be estimated in a least-squares approach from more than 100 million observations collected during the mission lifetime of 12 months. The linear model relating the observations to the gravity field parameters does not allow calculating and storing the normal equations explicitly. Therefore, the available linear algebra software packages for MIMD machines are of little use and special algorithms for MIMD machines have to be designed. We will discuss the development of a parallelized data processing facility for SGG and SST data from GOCE on the CRAY-T3E supercomputer at Delft University of Technology. First results indicate that a problem-specific de-sign of the algorithms allows estimating the gravity field parameters from GOCE SGG/SST data. We discuss the performance of our algorithm in terms of degree of parallelism, scalability properties and required waiting times.


Abstract The essential oil profile of Chrysothamnus pulchellus was examined. Samples were collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south central New Mexico and GC/MS and retention indices were used to identify 48 oil components. Sesquicineole (22.7%), β-phellandrene (14.9%), (Z)-β-ocimene (9–4%), β-pinene (8.8%), (E)-β-ocimene (6.4%), β-caryophyllene (3.3%), and δ-cadinene (2.8%) were the major components of the steam distilled oil.


Background/Aim: Melanoma is a cancer disease with increasing incidence in the Caucasian population. It is often accompanied by spontaneous regression (SR), probably due to high immunogenicity. Understanding of this phenomenon could allow its induction in clinical practice, but detailed study in humans is impossible for ethical reasons. The aim of this study was to determine the role of fibronectin, tenascin C, and MMP-2 in the process of SR. Materials and Methods: Time-lapse study of SR was performed in the MeLiM (Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipig) model. Skin melanomas were taken from 3 weeks to 8 months of age and immunohistochemically processed for fibronectin, tenascin C and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Results: Expression of all studied proteins increased up to the 10th week of age. Two structurally different areas were distinguishable from the 3rd month of age. MPP-2 expression predominated in areas with melanoma cells, whereas fibronectin and tenascin-C prevailed in the forming fibrous tissue. Conclusion: Rebuilding of melanoma into the fibrous tissue during SR was connected with a general rise in fibronectin and tenascin C expression.


Introduction In order to reduce polyethylene wear and incidence of osteolysis, and improve the long-term durability of total hip arthroplasty (THA), highly cross-linked polyethylene was introduced for clinical use in substitution for conventional polyethylene. We performed 35 cementless THAs between December 2000 and February 2002, and cross-linked polyethylene was used in these surgeries. The purpose of this study is to research linear wear rate of these hips, and to find the risk factor for high wear rate. Patients and Methods 32 hips (26 patients) among the 35 could be evaluated at more than 10 years postoperatively. One hip required reoperations due to infection at 8 years postoperatively, and two were lost to followup in less than 10 years. There were 2 males and 24 females, and the observation period was 11.4 years in average (range 10?13 years). The age at the time of operation was 49.4 years in average (range 24?67 years), and body mass index was 22.4 in average (15?34). We used AHFIX total hip prostheses (KYOCERA Medical Corporation) for both acetabular and femoral replacement, and 22 mm Zirconia head was used in all cases. The median cup diameter was 46 mm (range 42?50). Osteolysis and loosening of the implant was evaluated on the anteroposterior radiograph of the hip. Using software for wear measurement (Hip Analysis Suite), linear wear rate and cup inclination angle were measured. Correlation between linear wear rate and age, BMI, cup inclination angle, and cup diameter was investigated using correlation coefficient. Results Osteolysis and loosening were not found in any cases on the final radiograph. Cup inclination angle was 44.7±4.6 degree, and linear wear rate was 0.034±0.019 mm/y in average. No statistical correlation was found between linear wear rate and age, BMI, cup inclination angle, and cup diameter. Discussion Long-term clinical performance of cross-linked polyethylene is rarely reported, although it is considered to have excellent wear resistance, and reduces the risk of osteolysis and loosening. Linear wear rate in this series was relatively low, and osteolysis and loosening were not observed. It was demonstrated that cross-linked polyethylene had excellent wear resistance when used in combination with 22 mm zirconia head, and observed for more than 10 years.


The sensitivities to iprodione of the 50 strains of Botryosphaeria berengriana f.sp.piricola collected from apple fruits in Shandong,China in 2007 were determined with the method of colonial growth-rate.The frequency distributions of EC50 values to the 50 strains of iprodione were all unimodal and the EC50 values ranged from 0.306 1 to 0.828 5 mg/L and the mean EC50 values were(0.556 7±0.031 2) mg/L.The sensitive baseline of Botryosphaeria berengriana f.sp.piricola to carbendazim was determined as 0.451 1 mg/L based on the mean EC50 value to the most sensitive isolate from Taishan.The results of Duncan test and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the sensitivities to iprodione of Botryosphaeria berengriana f.sp.piricola from different regions were in high levels.There was no evident difference in the strains and no resistant subcolony.


Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus play a key role in marine photosynthesis that contributes to the global carbon cycle and to the world oxygen supply. Recently, genes (psbA-encoding the D1 protein, psbDencoding the D2 protein and others) that encode the photosystem II (PSII) reaction centre were found in cyanophage genomes. This phenomenon suggested that horizontal transfer and possible recombination of psbA genes between Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus was achieved via phage intermediates. Gaining of the psbA gene could be very valuable for the phage survival. The transcription and activation of phage psbA gene during the infection period helps to maintain photosynthetic activity in the host after the shutdown of host protein synthesis. Coupling genomic data extracted directly from the environment to its species origin is necessary for better understanding of phage-host relationship and coevolution. Looking for a prediction solution, we developed a computational approach, combining Support Vector Machine (SVM) with position specific scoring matrix (PSSM), which successfully classifies different psbA fragments coming directly from the ocean. The method combines two basic feature levels: the DNA oligonucleotide composition and the amino acid codon usage. Finally, we confirm our results applying an unsupervised PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method.


In this paper, two different computational methodologies are implemented to predict the behavior of a strain sensor based on a microstrip antenna. The first approach attributes changes in resonance frequency only to variations in patch length produced by an applied axial tensile loading. In the second approach, a Multiphysics model has used to couple the mechanical and electromagnetic phenomena. Thus, this model considers the characteristics of the variations in the antenna structure and the dielectric substrate that is used. Additionally, this study describes the fabrication of such a sensor and an experimental validation in which the rectangular microstrip antenna was subjected to tensile forces. The obtained results gave a good convergence between simulation results and measurements, so the proposed models clearly describe the behavior of the strain sensor. Nevertheless, the sensor analyzed here achieves a sensitivity of −2.847 kHz/ ${\mu } {\varepsilon }$ , high repeatability, and its resolution depends on the implemented vector network analyzer. Moreover, the proposed sensor operates in an ISM band and, as a result, it can be integrated with commercial electronic devices. This article aims to lay the foundation for the future use of patch antenna sensors for structural health monitoring by introducing a computational methodology that can predict the behavior of this kind of sensor.


We demonstrate and discuss the fabrication of cross-plane microthermoelectric generators with electrochemically deposited thermoelectric materials. A new process based on two layers of photoresist is presented to deposit the legs on the final substrate. The n-type Bi2Te3, Cu, and p-type SbxTey are integrated into the generator. The deposition of antimony telluride is performed to the largest thickness reported to date. The influence of thermal annealing on the material properties is studied. A new flip-chip reflow soldering process with Bi57Sn42Ag1 soldering paste is presented that allows for enhanced thermal coupling of the generators. The manufactured generators are electrically and thermally fully characterized. They generate up to 1.63 μW cm-2 K-2, which corresponds to a maximum power density of 2434.4 μW cm-2.


Multilayer sol‐gel optical high reflectors with greater than 99% reflection have been prepared on substrates up to 20 cm in diameter by spin coating silica/alumina colloidal suspensions. These coatings are radially nonuniform, owing to the extensive shear‐thinning rheology of the high‐index alumina suspension. To a large degree the film thickness nonuniformity can be compensated for by the reflection bandwidth. The rheological properties of the alumina suspension under steady shear have been measured. The low‐shear reduced viscosity and the shear‐thinning time constant are shown to vary exponentially with φ2, where φ is the solids volume fraction. At φ=0.1 the sol has effectively gelled. A model for spincoating with a non‐Newtonian fluid has been developed that uses the Carreau rheology model to fit the measured viscometric data. Modeling and experimental results show that as long as these non‐Newtonian effects are sufficiently large (as in this case) the radial film uniformity is determined only by these...


PURPOSE
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is an important technique that can help design advanced and challenging experimental setups. GATE (Geant4 Application for Tomographic Emission) is a useful simulation toolkit for applications in nuclear medicine. Transarterial radioembolization is a treatment for liver cancer, where microspheres embedded with Yttrium-90 (90 Y) are administered intra-arterially to the tumour. Personalised dosimetry for this treatment may provide higher dosimetry accuracy compared to the conventional partition model (PM) calculation. However, incorporation of three-dimensional tomographic input data into MC simulation is an intricate process. In this article, 3D Slicer, a free and open-source software, was utilised for the incorporation of patient tomographic images into GATE, to demonstrate the feasibility of personalised dosimetry in hepatic radioembolization with 90 Y.

METHODS
In this article, the steps involved in importing, segmenting, and registering tomographic images using 3D Slicer were thoroughly described, before importing them into GATE for MC simulation. The absorbed doses estimated using GATE were then compared with that of PM. SlicerRT, a 3D Slicer extension, was then used to visualise the isodose from the MC simulation.

RESULTS
A workflow diagram consisting of all the steps taken in the utilisation of 3D Slicer for personalised dosimetry in 90 Y radioembolization has been presented in this article. In comparison to the MC simulation, the absorbed doses to the tumour and normal liver were overestimated by PM by 105.55% and 20.23%, respectively, while for lungs, the absorbed dose estimated by PM was underestimated by 25.32%. These values were supported by the isodose distribution obtained via SlicerRT, suggesting the presence of beta particles outside the VOIs. This finding demonstrate the importance of personalised dosimetry for a more accurate absorbed dose estimation compared to PM.

CONCLUSION
The methodology provided in this study can assist users (especially students or researchers who are new to MC simulation) in navigating intricate steps required in the importation of tomographic data for MC simulation. These steps can also be utilised for other radiation therapy related applications, not necessarily limited to internal dosimetry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The aim of this research is to find the highest percentage yield between demetilation reaction of piperonal by HBr using solvent and without solvent, i.e, methanoL The product oftms reaction is 3,4-dihydrox:ybenzaldehyde. When using methanol as a solvent, it may occur a reaction between methanol and piperonal to form an asetal. Methanol can also reacts with HBr to form methylbromide. Those reaction reduced the amount ofpiperonal that reacts with HBr.


This article examines substantive legal framework of using in legal practice two definitions: crimes against humanity, crimes against mankind. The characteristics of definition genesis, their analyses and correlation are given in the article.


This study selects four common materials used in athletic sports clothes usually,weaves four experiment clothes by using a common athletic sports clothes pattern with seamless knitting machines,through wind tunnel test and data analysis,gests the materials' influence on the wind resistance performance: in the experiment wind speed range,when wind speed is between 3.3 m/s and 9.35 m/s,wind resistance performance of the four experiment clothes is almost the same;when wind speed is between 9.35 m/s and 11.00 m/s,the wind resistance performance of the four experiment clothes take out a dispersion degree;when wind speed is between 11.00 m/s and 18.70 m/s,the wind resistance performance of the four experiment clothes appears a big difference,the wind resistance performance from good to bad is: 15.6 tex combed cotton + coolmax modified polyester,7.7 tex/48f nylon,15.6 tex combed cotton,9.7 tex modyer + 15.6 tex TC,and the authors also get the fitted curves of the measured data through the SPSS software analysis.


The study examined the relationship between stress and alcohol use among college students in Botswana. A total sample of 221 undergraduate students (n113 males and n108 females) was drawn from Molepolole College of Education. All the three years of study were represented as follows: 100 (45%) freshmen, 41 (18.6%) second and 80 (36.2%) third and final year of study. A total of 129 (58.4%) participants reported using alcohol. T-tests and anova analyses showed that more males (78, 60.5%) than females (51, 39.5%) reported using alcohol. Multiple regression analysis revealed that there was no relationship between high stress levels and harmful alcohol use. However, the analyses indicated that students who engaged in alcohol consumption were also more likely to engage in more maladaptive coping styles.


The use of green energy has increased day by day. Environmentally friendly hybrid electric vehicles with low CO2 emissions have gained public attention. However, most battery electric vehicles are still having range problems, and emission values of hybrid electric vehicles are still not at the desired levels. Thus, fuel cell vehicles have gained some attention as good alternatives. The primary energy source for these vehicles is fuel cells, which are used in conjunction with batteries and supercapacitors to increase system performance. The combination of fuel cell + battery, fuel cell + supercapacitor, and fuel cell + battery + supercapacitor systems are currently the most popular topologies in this technology. The performance of these topologies is related to the overall energy efficiency and exergy efficiency of the vehicle model. Energy and exergy are two basic terminologies used to determine system performance and quality. Exergy determines the thermodynamic losses that cannot be determined using energy formulations alone. Thereby, it is very important to use both terminologies together to examine the performance of topologies and to determine any system losses. For this purpose, in this study, fuel cell + battery, fuel cell + supercapacitor, and fuel cell + battery + supercapacitor topologies were prepared and applied for Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), Highway Fuel Economy Test Cycle (HWFET), New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), and Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycles. Comparisons of these topologies in fuel consumption, power performance, and energy and exergy efficiencies were performed for the driving cycles. Also, energy flow, during the driving cycle, has showed and interpreted for the fuel cell vehicle that is designed and analyzed.


Characteristic fragment ions of 7-piperazine-8-N-quinolones as pipemidic acid, enoxacin, IMB-86001 in mass spectrometry were discussed. The results show that the spectra [M-42], [M-44], [M-68], [M-86] and m/z 56 are the common characteristic fragment ions in three compounds. The [M-68] fragment ion probably results from a rearrangement of three hydrogens.


The problem of energy efficiency of buildings is especially relevant in Kazakhstan. According to the state policy of innovative development of national economy, in recent decades, it has been necessary to solve the problems of saving energy resources, introducing renewable energy technologies and increasing energy efficiency. One of the most important issues of energy saving and energy efficiency is the problem of sustainable functioning and innovative development of housing and communal services in Kazakhstan, which is directly related to the modernization of residential buildings in order to reduce operating costs and improve energy efficiency. Analysis and study of economic approaches to financing energy efficiency measures are especially important in the framework of almost implemented projects for the modernization of housing and communal services.


-After comparison with the sodar, there is comparison between estimated wind direction and SCADA measured direction. You use consensus amongst 10 turbines to mitigate errors at the single turbine SCADA measurement. Thus, this is confusing to me. Can you clarify? Can you present the uncertainty in the SCADA data? How does the result of the consensus algorithm compare with averaging the wind directions obtained from some of the turbines in a cluster (which is simpler)?


We study abelian gauge-Higgs models on the lattice and consider gauge groups Z(3) and U(1). For both cases the partition sums are mapped exactly to a dual representation where the degrees of freedom are surfaces for the gauge fields and loops of flux that may serve as boundaries for the surfaces represent the matter fields. Also at finite chemical potential the dual partition sums have only real and positive contributions and the complex action problem of the conventional representation is overcome in the dual approach. We apply a local Metropolis update for the dual degrees of freedom, as well as a generalization of the worm algorithm to bounded surfaces. Results that illustrate condensation phenomena as a function of chemical potential are discussed.


In this paper, a new type of re-configurable all optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) with dynamic gain control function is presented. The channel spacing of the input four-wavelength WDM signal is 3.2nm. The function of adding and dropping any wavelength component of the signal is demonstrated. The total loss is less than 1dB. Under the control of the gain management unit, the difference of each channel is less than 0.3dB. Due to the transparency of the OADM, it can add/drop different kinds of optical signals. In this paper,w e also present the experimental setup and discuss its results. The highest test bit rate of the WDM signal is 2.5Gbit/s. Its applications in the WDM all optical networks are also discussed.


OBJECTIVES
We investigated whether Mexican immigration to the United States exerts transnational effects on substance use in Mexico and the United States.

METHODS
We performed a cross-sectional survey of 2336 Mexican Americans and 2460 Mexicans in 3 Texas border metropolitan areas and their sister cities in Mexico (the US-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 2011-2013). We collected prevalence and risk factors for alcohol and drug use; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, alcohol-use disorders; and 2 symptoms (hazardous use and quit or control) of drug use disorder across a continuum of migration experiences in the Mexican and Mexican American populations.

RESULTS
Compared with Mexicans with no migrant experience, the adjusted odds ratios for this continuum of migration experiences ranged from 1.10 to 8.85 for 12-month drug use, 1.09 to 5.07 for 12-month alcohol use disorder, and 1.13 to 9.95 for 12-month drug-use disorder. Odds ratios increased with longer exposure to US society. These findings are consistent with those of 3 previous studies.

CONCLUSIONS
People of Mexican origin have increased prevalence of substance use and disorders with cumulative exposure to US society.


In pH 35-40 NaAcHCl buffer medium, ethyl eosin reacts with protein to form a complex, The colors of solutions change obviously, which has a maximum absorption wavelength at 548 nm, which exhibits a bathochromic shift of 28 nm compared with the maximum absorption wavelength of ethyl eosin, and there exists a maximum fading wavelength at 520 nm, absorption or fading can used to the determination of protein with spectrophotometric method. The absorbance of the binding system is proportional to the concentration of protein in the range of 023-200 μg·mL-1 (HSA) and 025-175 μg·mL-1 (BSA) at the maximum absorption wavelength 548 nm, the apparent molar absorptivities are 133×106 L·mol-1·cm-1 (BSA) and 126×106 L·mol-1·cm-1 (HSA), respectively. At maximum fading wavelength of 520 nm, the fading intensity is also proportional to the concentration of protein in abovementioned linear range. The apparent molar absorptivities are 202×106 L·mol-1·cm-1 (BSA) and 206×106 L·mol-1·cm-1 (HSA), the sensitivity of the fading spectrophotometric method is higher. The method has good selectivity. It is used for the determination of total protein in urine and human serum samples, the rusult obtained by this method agreeds well with those obtained by Coomassie brillant blue G250 method.


The process of scoping Digital Twin projects can prove to be daunting for process manufacturing companies, given the novelty of the concept and the broad range of technologies upon which it is built. The current literature lacks research on the process of scoping Digital Twins in a process manufacturing context. The present paper addresses this gap by introducing a framework for scoping Digital Twins in the process manufacturing industry. The framework is based on the existing literature and on the experience gained at an international process manufacturing company. The proposed framework is designed to address the key challenges that companies in the process manufacturing industry need to face when scoping Digital Twin projects. Therefore, the framework is structured into four points: (1) Identification of key stakeholders and their requirements, (2) Building blocks definition, (3) Selection of asset to twin, and (4) Use cases development. By addressing these points, the time and resources required to develop a Digital Twin can be significantly reduced.


The purpose of this study is to examine the properties of English middles and the constraints on English middle formation. In this study, I investigate affectedness constraint, aspectual constraint and causativity constraint, and points out the problems with them. I also examine the general characteristics of the subject of the middle, implicit argument and genericity. In addition, I present semantic-pragmatic constraint on the middle formation as follows: the middle can not be allowed if the event which it describes is more dependent on the agent than the subject which is non-agent argument. This study shows that this constraint is more adequate than the previous constraints mentioned above in explaining the acceptability of the middle formation.


Blood loss is one of the early leading causes of death of severe trauma patients. On the one hand,it was associated with uncontrollable trauma bleeding. On the other hand,it was associated with coagulopathy after traumatic bleeding. Recently,emergency medicine of traumatic coagulation dysfunction and coagulopathy had made some new development,mainly in the field of basic research and improvement of their clinical management. In this paper,some new ideas and understanding of the severe traumatic coagulopathy were reviewed to help emergency doctors to understand its occurrence and development so as to improve the clinical efficacy.


It is perhaps timely to consider briefly a topic that should be of real interest to neurology as a specialty. For the purpose of dramatizing it to some extent this subject may be designated as neurologia irredenta. The term irredenta supplied much of the propulsive power to the forces culminating in the Great War, and the aspirations contained within it played a preponderant role in the remaking of the maps of Europe. The redemption of territories which were the spoils of previous wars was one of the most powerful influences swaying peoples and parliaments. Neurology, too, has her irredenta, spheres of activity and of influence which should be hers, but which have for one reason or another fallen under the control of related branches of medicine. It is not, however, of necessity, that an irredenta should become such a realty through conquest. In many instances, other factors may be operative


Novel sensor fusion architecture is proposed to provide complete navigational solution for micro aerial vehicles (MAV) using low cost sensors and micro controller. The approach uses a nonlinear complementary filter (NCF) to estimate direction cosine matrix (DCM), the estimated attitude and heading from DCM are used in turn to predict MAV position in North and East direction and a two state extended Kalman filter (EKF) based estimator to estimate altitude and vertical speed. The emphasis is on the EKF estimator which is driven by only one measurement without losing observability. The fusion algorithm uses tri-axial accelerometers, rate gyroscopes & magnetometers, pressure altitude and global positioning system (GPS) measurements. The proposed architecture is computationally less intensive and is implemented for real time application on a low cost microcontroller based autopilot board to provide the complete navigational solution at 50 Hz.


Event mean concentration (EMC) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is primary information for non-point source pollution assessment of a watershed. The EMCs for various types of agriculture such as dairy and crop farming under different climate and geologic conditions are not fully investigated. A diary- and crop-farming complex agricultural watershed in Piedmont region in Maryland, USA has been monitored for 10 years as a section 319 national monitoring program of US EPA. Dairy manure was the main source of fertilizer for crop farming in this watershed. Observed mean concentrations of N and P for each event were analyzed. Distribution of EMCs for N and P showed a wide range of variations. Representative EMCs of T-N and NO 3 -N tended to be higher than those reported for other agricultural watersheds. This study confirmed that site-specific EMC information for various agricultural practices is required for better assessment of non-point source pollution using EMC method.


Abbreviated dynamic modulus test protocols have been used to reduce the time and cost of running the test for routine uses. The abbreviated test results can then be extrapolated to estimate the complete array of the dynamic modulus values required for the Level 1 MEPDG analysis. Multiple approaches are available for the extrapolation depending on a master curve and shift factor functions chosen. The objective of this study was to identify the best practice of extrapolating the abbreviated dynamic modulus data by evaluating the accuracy of performance predictions through MEPDG pavement analysis. Two common sigmoid functional forms (i.e., the MEPDG Sigmoid and a Generalized Logistic functions) were compared for master curve construction. Four different shift factor functions were used to estimate the shift factors beyond the abbreviated temperature limits. The Arrhenius, Williams- Landel-Ferry (WLF), modified WLF by Kaelble, and quadratic functions were investigated. Through extrapolation, significant underestimations of the dynamic modulus values at 54.4℃ were obtained from all eight approaches. Among the eight approaches, the Generalized Logistic function coupled with the quadratic shift factor function showed relatively lower extrapolation errors. On the other hand, the MEPDG performance predictions using the eight sets of extrapolated dynamic modulus input showed less than 1 mm differences in the terminal rut depth when compared to the performance predictions using the measured data sets.


Multi-UAV cooperative formation flight (CFF) can greatly improve the damage resistance and mission completion efficiency of single UAV, so it has become a research hotspot in recent years. The entire process of multi-UAV formation flight can be decomposed into target tracking, formation keeping, obstacle avoidance and collision avoidance. The research of formation keeping mainly uses the leader-follower or virtual structure method. The former has the problem of single point of failure, and the formation error will be amplified step by step. The latter is difficult to select virtual leader, and is hard to adjust the formation adaptively with limited communication conditions. Based on the virtual structure and multicast method, this paper proposes a recursive fusion strategy which reduces the requirement of communication frequency between UAVs, increases the adaptability of formation to single point of failure, and improves the accuracy and adaptability of formation keeping to a certain extent. On this basis, the cascade PID model is used to design the formation controller. Finally, the effectiveness of the strategy is verified by using MATLAB.


The rheological behavior, mechanical and electrical properties of the XLPE obtained by the new Buss AG LSHC® (Linear Short Hyper Clean) XLPE process to manufacture hyper clean PE have been compared using a standard commercially available product for these applications, in order to determine the suitability to HV-AC and HV-DC cables.


A thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) method has been developed for the determination of lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM). Lisuride hydrogen maleate [3-(10,10a-didehydro-7-methyl-9α-ergolinyl)-1,1-diethylurea hydrogen maleate] is a substance which has an effect on the CNS. The extraction of the active ingredient from the drugs is performed in a fully automated, electronically controlled extraction apparatus within 2–5 min. The solutions are applied to pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates and the separation of the active substance from the inactive ingredient is complete within 20 min. The separated spots are quantified by a thin-layer chromatogram spectrophotometer and the data are processed on-line using a CHB 66/80 computer. The developed chromatographic method is suitable for quality control and for long-term stability studies of LHM in pharmaceutical preparations and can be reproduced with a maximum coefficient of variation of 2.5%. The stability study of LHM in pharmaceutical preparations indicates that this substance is stable only at low temperatures (20 °C). At high temperatures (40, 50 and 60 °C) degradation of LHM occurs after a short storage time. The prediction of the stability study shows that LHM is stable for at least 32 months at 20 °C (room temperature) in solid form. In solutions LHM was completely degraded after a very short time even at 20 °C.


As outsourcing and globalization increase the number of supply chain participants, a collaborative product development will enable companies to speed up the decision-making of supply chains of trusted partners, employees, suppliers, and customers. The first phase of new product development is conceptual design. Eighty percent of the product development costs are determined during this phase. Due to continuous changes in design projects, delays in product developments are not rare. Thus, a change control workflow is needed among supply chain participants for product development especially for new product development. A distributed change control process applying the principles of configuration management for conceptual design is therefore proposed. A baseline of inter-document relationship is utilized to maintain the consistence of design documents among supply chain participants. With the proposed distributed change control process, the intervention resources are reduced and the quality of conceptual designs are increased


Federated Learning (FL) is a widely adopted distributed learning paradigm for to its privacy-preserving and collaborative nature. In FL, each client trains and sends a local model to the central cloud for aggregation. However, FL systems using neural network (NN) models are expensive to deploy on constrained edge devices regarding computation and communication. In this demo, we present FedHD, a FL system using Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC). In contrast to NN, HDC is a brain-inspired and lightweight computing paradigm using high-dimensional vectors and associative memory. Our measurements indicate that FedHD is 3.2×, 3.2×, 5× better on performance, energy and communication efficiency respectively compared to NN-based FL systems whilst maintaining similar accuracy to the state of the art. Our code is available on GitHub1.


This study investigated the impact of a number of variables on college-aged offspring ratings of feelings of closeness to their father. Ninety-nine students whose parents were divorced and 110 students from intact families completed self-report questionnaires. In agreement with previous findings, divorced fathers received lower average ratings than married fathers. Perceiving the father as accepting and trustworthy was strongly related to feelings of closeness to him. When the effects of other variables were held constant with mul;;iple regression, ratings of closeness to fathers were higher when 1,a more frequently performed supportive behaviors for the offspring, more frequently initiated interaction with the offspring, avoided getting angry with the offspring, and avoided performing some general problem behaviors. Group differences may result from differences between the fathers on these variables or from other variables which are directly affected by divorce. Closeness in Father-Offspring Relationships: Do Differences Linked to Paternal Marital Status Persist in a Multivariate Approach? Diane Nanette Villwock and Kathryn Norcross Black Purdue University U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) iTlvs document has been reproduced as rec .yed from the person or organization ouginatng Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official NIE position or policy **This is a paper described at a poster session for MPA, Chicago, 1988. Requests for reprints should be sent to: Kathryp ,.. Black, Ph.D. Departkent of Psychological Sciences Purdue University Weft Lafayette, Indiana 47907 2 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MA1ERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


A statistical analysis for ventilation-perfusion imaging is presented using general linear model. Oxygen-enhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques were used for data acquisition. Correlation maps of ventilation and perfusion, obtained in twelve normal volunteers, showed good agreement with difference images. The technique does not require the time-consuming steps of image averaging and subtraction. Introduction Ventilation-perfusion scanning using oxygenenhanced and arterial spin labeling techniques has been proposed (1-4). However, it involves image averages and subtraction to generate VIQ images. In this study, we propose the use of functional MRI analysis to generate VIQ images. Materials and Methods All experiments were performed on a GE CVIi 1.5 T Signa system (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI). Twelve normal volunteers were imaged with a FOV of 400-500 mm and a matrix of 128x256. Simultaneous acquisition of ventilation and perfusion images was performed using flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) technique, where selective inversion images were referred to as control and nonselective as tag images. The subject alternately inhaled room air and 100% oxygen. A half-Fourier single-shot fast spin echo sequence with an echo spacing of 3.6 ms and an effective echo time of 21 ms was used for image acquisition with the subject alternately inhaling room air and 100% oxygen. The image series were ordered and analyzed using the General Linear Model (GLM), an approach widely used in fMRI analysis. Correlation map of perfusion was generated from the control and tag, while that of ventilation from the tag images acquired during room air and 100% oxygen. Image post-processing were performed on two series of images: the whole series and selected images that showed matching right lung-liver interface. The difference images between the averages of the selected images of oxygen-enhanced and FAIR methods were used as references. Results and Discussion The dynamic image series of the average signal intensity of oxygen-enhanced and FAIR studies are shown in Fig. 1 . The base line of FAIR signal intensity was measured from the nonselective IR images and the elevated signal intensity was recorded from selective IR images. The base line of the oxygen-enhanced study was measured from nonselective IR images with the subject inhaling room air, while the elevated signal intensity was recorded from the nonselective IR images with the subject inhaling 100% oxygen. The observed patterns for both FAIR and oxygen-enhanced time series present matches to box-car type of references used in fMRI. Oxygen-enhanced and FAIR images are shown in Fig. 2a, which was obtained from the difference between the average images of 100% oxygen and room air. Correlation maps calculated from the whole series and selected images that share matching right lung-liver interfaces are shown in Fig. 2b and 2c, respectively. Similar features of the lung are exhibited among the correlation maps and the difference images for both oxygen-enhanced ventilation and FAIR perfusion images. Between the correlation maps, the one derived from the selected series of images show consistently greater correlation. This application of the GLM in processing oxygenenhanced ventilation and FAIR perfusion data yields qualitative maps, but does not require the tedious steps of image averaging and subtraction, and therefore reduces image processing time. This VIQ technique can be used as a clinical tool to assess pulmonary pathologies such as pulmonary embolism.


This paper shows how to protect our skies from harmful radio frequency interference (RFI) to global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, by offering terrestrial cellular signals of opportunity (SOPs) as a viable aircraft navigation system backup. An extensive flight campaign was conducted by the Autonomous Systems Perception, Intelligence, and Navigation (ASPIN) Laboratory in collaboration with the United States Air Force (USAF) to study the potential of cellular SOPs for high-altitude aircraft navigation. A multitude of flight trajectories and altitudes were exercised in the flight campaign in two different regions in Southern California, USA: (i) rural and (ii) semi-urban. Samples of the ambient downlink cellular SOPs were recorded, which were fed to ASPIN Laboratory's MATRIX (Multichannel Adaptive TRansceiver Information eXtractor) software-defined receiver (SDR), which produced carrier phase measurements from these samples. These measurements were fused with altimeter data via an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate the aircraft's trajectory. This paper shows for the first time that at altitudes as high as about 11,000 ft above ground level (AGL), more than 100 cellular long-term evolution (LTE) eNodeBs can be reliable tracked, many of which were more than 100 km away, with carrier-to-noise ratio ( C/N 0 ) exceeding 40 dB-Hz. The paper shows pseudorange and Doppler tracking results from cellular eNodeBs along with the C/N 0 and number of tracked eNodeBs over the two regions, while performing ascending, descending, and grid maneuvers. In addition, the paper shows navigation results in the rural and semi-urban regions, showing a position root mean-squared error of 9.86 m and 10.37, respectively, over trajectories of 42.23 km and 56.56 km, respectively, while exploiting an average of about 19 and 10 eNodeBs, respectively.


The article presents the key technology of gasification cooling system in 1780 rolling mill furnace and its measures in safety operation.


This paper presents the fabrication of an ion source using carbon nanoparticle field emitters for a micro time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The micro TOFMS consists of a glass substrate with several electrodes and a silicon substrate with carbon nanoparticle (CNP) field emitters. The type of CNP field emitters is the triode type with which we can control the emission current at low voltage. The CNP layer is grown by hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition (HFCVD). The size of the assembled device is 10 times10 times 1 mm . The emission current of the ion source can be controlled from 0 to 94.3 muA when the gate voltage varies from 0 to 85 V.


The present paper concerns with Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) results on Ethylene Glycol (EG) and PolyEthylene Glycols (PEGs) at di(cid:27)erent degree of polymerization. Signi(cid:28)cant spectral features of these systems are discussed in comparison with Raman spectroscopy (cid:28)ndings. The results reveal a peculiar dependence on the degree of polymerization of the frequencies of the disordered longitudinal acoustic mode (D-LAM), which can account for the di(cid:27)erent bioprotectant e(cid:27)ectiveness of PEGs at ambient and at very low temperature. The D-LAM behaviour as a function of the degree of polymerization as obtained by INS at low temperature is opposite to that observed by Raman spectroscopy at high temperature. These intriguing results are discussed in terms of inter and intra-molecular interactions within the framework of current theories.


In the light of the present situation of that the resources of netw or k IP address is in short supply day by day, this paper introduces a technique by which several users can simultaneously make communication with the outside worl d with one legal Internet IP address through NAT, and which also can realize the mutual connection between two Intranets and can reach a certain requirement in security and privacy.


Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of a purely endoscopic intradural approach to the suprasellar, petroclival and ventrolateral brainstem regions through a subtemporal keyhole and to assess the value of neuronavigational assistance in the Kawase approach.

Methods
Twenty operations through endoscopic intradural subtemporal keyhole approach were performed on 10 cadaveric heads. An intradural Kawase approach and a navigation-assisted intradural Kawase approach were then carried out on a random side of each specimen. Related anatomic structures were observed through endoscopes. Two types of the milled Kawase rhombus ranges and the thicknesses of residual bones were compared.

Results
Through the keyhole endoscopic technique, anatomic structures in the suprasellar, petroclival and ventrolateral brainstem regions were clearly visualized via an intradural subtemporal route. Most structures in the suprasellar region could be observed in the oculomotor nerve-posterior communicating artery space. Using a frameless navigational device, the mean area of milled Kawase rhombus was larger than that in the intradural Kawase approach (276.8±14.6 mm2vs. 244.8±12.6 mm2,P<0.05), and the thicknesses of residual bones including the superior wall of internal acoustic meatus (1.0±0.2 mm vs. 2.5±0.4 mm), the medial superior wall of cochlear (1.0±0.2 mm vs. 3.0±0.4 mm) and the superior wall of petrous segment of internal carotid artery (1.2±0.2 mm vs. 3.4±0.4 mm) were all thinner than those in the intradural Kawase approach (all P<0.05).

Conclusions
The endoscopic intradural subtemporal keyhole approach could facilitate excellent observation of the suprasellar, petroclival and ventrolateral brainstem regions with less invasiveness. More anatomic exposure and surgical freedom could be achieved via neuronavigational assistance.

Key words:
Neuroanatomy; Neuronavigation; Neuroendoscopy; Subtemporal approach; Keyhole; Kawase approach


We have analyzed Ka‒band range rate (KBRR) and Deep Space Network (DSN) data from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) primary mission (1 March to 29 May 2012) to derive gravity models of the Moon to degree 420, 540, and 660 in spherical harmonics. For these models, GRGM420A, GRGM540A, and GRGM660PRIM, a Kaula constraint was applied only beyond degree 330. Variance‒component estimation (VCE) was used to adjust the a priori weights and obtain a calibrated error covariance. The global root‒mean‒square error in the gravity anomalies computed from the error covariance to 320×320 is 0.77 mGal, compared to 29.0 mGal with the pre‒GRAIL model derived with the SELENE mission data, SGM150J, only to 140×140. The global correlations with the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter‒derived topography are larger than 0.985 between ℓ=120 and 330. The free‒air gravity anomalies, especially over the lunar farside, display a dramatic increase in detail compared to the pre‒GRAIL models (SGM150J and LP150Q) and, through degree 320, are free of the orbit‒track‒related artifacts present in the earlier models. For GRAIL, we obtain an a posteriori fit to the S‒band DSN data of 0.13 mm/s. The a posteriori fits to the KBRR data range from 0.08 to 1.5 μm/s for GRGM420A and from 0.03 to 0.06 μm/s for GRGM660PRIM. Using the GRAIL data, we obtain solutions for the degree 2 Love numbers, k20=0.024615±0.0000914, k21=0.023915±0.0000132, and k22=0.024852±0.0000167, and a preliminary solution for the k30 Love number of k30=0.00734±0.0015, where the Love number error sigmas are those obtained with VCE.


Resting energy expenditure (EE) follows a circadian rhythm in healthy lean participants, with a nadir in the early morning hours. We determined: (1) whether this pattern persists (or how substrate utilization may change), when challenged with exercise, and; (2) whether obesity affects these responses.

 Fourteen participants (aged 48.5±12.8y; 6-female; 5-obese, BMI 31.9±1.4kg/m2 [avg±SD]) underwent a 5-day inpatient forced desynchrony protocol, comprised of ten 5h 20min 'days' in dim-lighting and free of time cues. Resting EE was measured immediately prior to a 15-minute cycle ergometer exercise bout at 50% of estimated heart rate maximum. Substrate utilization was determined from the respiratory quotient (RQ). Circadian phase was calculated using the salivary dim-light melatonin onset (>3pg/mL threshold). EE data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model with group (lean vs. obese) and circadian phase as fixed factors; subject was a random factor. RQ was analyzed using t-tests to determine day/night differences in groups at rest and in response to exercise.

 Resting and exercising EE both displayed endogenous circadian rhythms (p<0.05) with nadirs in the early morning (~5:30am), without any differences between groups (p>0.22). Resting RQ was similar between the day and night in the lean group (p=0.66), but decreased (suggesting lower carbohydrate utilization) at night within the obese group (-2.5±1.6%, p=0.02). The lean group increased RQ in response to exercise both during the day (+8.9±2.8%) and night (+8.0±2.8%) (both p<0.001), but there was no increase in RQ in the obese group during either day or night exercise (p>0.16).

 These data demonstrate that EE during rest and exercise follows a circadian pattern, with limited influence of obesity. Circadian differences in substrate utilization between lean and obese in the resting state and in response to exercise may play a role in expression and maintenance of unwanted weight gain and impaired metabolic health.

 R01HL125893, R01HL140577, KL2TR002370, K01HL146992, F32HL131308, Medical Research Foundation of Oregon, Ford Foundation, and CTSA grant (UL1TR000128)


Gardley's writing reflects the varied ethnicity of New Orleans, and the production supported this rich medley of styles; he melds southern Gothic motifs with African oral tradition, and mixes Creole voodoo's magic alongside folksy dialogue: "Why are you barking up my tree," Beartrice challenges Makeda. "Do you see a bone in my bush?" Dark secrets and family skeletons emerge: Odette discovers that she is the "stain" on the family reputation because of her darker skin, Beartrice has allegedly murdered an earlier lover, and the "madwoman in the attic" roams the house. The characters alternate between the stylized idiom of European melodrama when discussing the suspicions surrounding Lazare's death and African song-and-dance storytelling, such as when Taunte Marie Josephine rhapsodically recalls the black bamboula drummer she once loved in Congo square. subsequently, Yale Rep's Greek revival set (designed by Antje Ellermann) underscored several narrative idioms, showcasing the aristocratic sophistication of a New Orleans twostory townhouse, replete with classical columns and louvered French doors, surrounded by tropical palm trees and ferns. Russell Champa's lighting scheme likewise provided tonal clues, from the flickering candlelight surrounding the corpse or the decadent pinks and mauves signaling a sultry twilight to the brash lemon yellow of the African savanna when Makeda helps Odette envision her ancestral past. Gardley relies upon the macabre and sinister characteristics of the southern Gothic both to frame his own story, as well as to situate plaçage as a dark secret within America's heritage, but the genre alone is not sufficient. His crazy-quilt of various styles offers a darkly comic portrayal of race relations and female sexuality, and provides a particularly apt vehicle for examining the absurdity of, and damage created by, the monetary valuation of women.


Developing software of large size is a difficult task. To maintain them and to make them evolve during numerous years is more difficult again. In the absence of a global vision, the software structure aim to be destroyed naturally with the progression of the modifications. Understanding the software is then more and more difficult. Several works attempted to capture software evolution from different perspectives. In this paper, we suggest a comparative classification of these works by presenting the most recent models of software evolution in every class.


T herapeutic hypothermia (TH) for moderate and severe neonatal encephalopathy has been shown to reduce the risk of newborn death, major neurodevelopmental disability, developmental delay, and cerebral palsy. It is estimated that 8 newborns with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy need to be treated with TH to prevent 1 case of cerebral palsy. The key elements of TH include: • initiate hypothermia within 6 hours of birth • cool the newborn to a core temperature of 33.5 ̊ C to 34.5 ̊ C (92.3 ̊ F to 94.1 ̊ F) for 72 hours • obtain brain ultrasonography to assess for intracranial hemorrhage • obtain sequential MRI studies to assess brain structure and function • initiate EEG monitoring for seizure activity. During hypothermia the newborn is sedated, and oral feedings are reduced. During TH, important physiological goals are to maintain normal oxygenation, blood pressure, fluid balance, and glucose levels.