Abstract Current educational reform efforts in Arizona involve three major federal and state language and assessment policies: (a) AZ LEARNS (2001), Arizona's high-stakes testing and school accountability program; (b) No Child Left Behind (2002); and (c) Proposition 203 (2000), which places restrictions on programs for English language learner (ELL) students. Each policy calls for the full inclusion of ELLs in statewide high-stakes testing. These policies are analyzed from frameworks of educational language policy. The findings reveal that these school reform efforts function as restrictedoriented language policies, particularly as the three policies intersect. Furthermore, it is found that most of the accommodations for ELLs called for within these policies are nullified in the intersection, especially at the level of interpretation and implementation. The remaining accommodation-oriented policies are less helpful to ELLs, and may in fact be more beneficial to state policy actors by masking the harmful effects their restricted-oriented policies are having on ELL students. Suggestions for improving this situation are considered in the Conclusion.


. Increased Penetration of the Polish Power Supply System by renewable sources (RES) leads to a number of serious and new problems. The problems are associated with evacuating energy from producers (particularly visible for PV installations), change in the direction of power flow in the lines of the transmission and distribution system, problems with balancing energy production in the system related to uncertainty production of RES and a limitations in the possibility of control range of classic power plants. The current EU legislation leading to the increase of RES penetration will cause a significant rise appearance of in these problems. In principle these problems are unsolvable without the use of effective and achievable on a large scale methods and technologies of energy storage. The article estimates the generation level, generation variability and possible shortages in wind energy production in Poland in the case of the expansion of wind farms into offshore farms on the Baltic Sea. Data used in paper are based on some years of work inland RES in Poland available from PSE site. The idea is to adjust an operation of the power system to the basic formula of energy production and consumption balance with the required stability margins. A simple algorithm for estimating the size of the energy reserve necessary to stabilize the operation of the power system has been proposed. An important problem is also the assessment of the "geographical premium" (location). Theoretically, with the growth of the analyzed RES production area, the stability of DER production should increase since it become independent from purely local weather conditions.


Fe–Ti mixed oxide nanoparticles with different atomic ratios in Ti/(Fe + Ti) from 0 to 1.0 have been prepared by hydrolysis of aqueous solutions containing Fe(III) and Ti(IV) ions and a freezing method with liquid N2, which inhibits crystallization and particle growth. The particles produced were poorly crystalline according to XRD and the product, in the absence of Ti(IV), was assigned to 2-line ferrihydrite. The products had a high specific surface area of 369–460 m2 g−1, corresponding to a mean particle size of 3–4 nm. These nanosized particles were composed of crystallites of about 1 nm size. It was found by Mossbauer spectroscopy that the particles produced were superparamagnetic and their blocking temperature and inner electric field decreased with increasing Ti(IV) content.


Repair of rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is associated with high recurrence. For this reason gracilis muscle interposition is increasingly being used.


This chapter deals with international law principles and rules that played a substantial role in the diplomatic work, particularly in presenting, bilaterally and in international forums, aspects of the Cyprus question, couched in legal terms. Each case provided many instances where diplomacy was exercised on the basis of the applicable international law rules. Very briefly, jus cogens or peremptory norms of international law are rules from which the law does not permit any derogation by agreement between the parties inter se as distinct from jus dispositivum , i.e., rules which the parties may freely regulate by such agreement. The substantive provisions of each such treaty be it the Law of the Sea, State Responsibility, or any other ought to be accompanied by an effective, comprehensive, expeditious and viable dispute settlement system entailing a binding decision regarding all disputes arising out of all substantive provisions of the Convention.. Keywords:Convention; Cyprus; diplomacy; dispute settlement system; International Law; jus cogens ; Law of the Sea; State Responsibility


Drops formed from the breakup of charged cylindrical liquid jets have been shown to be smaller than those formed in the unelectrified case. This change has been related to electrically induced instabilities on the jet. Small-perturbation analysis was used to formulate the Lagrangian and write the differential equation for the jet. Non-dimensionalized plots of the solutions exhibit the stabilizing or destabilizing influences of surface tension and electric effects, and allow these influences to be related back to liquid physical properties. Drop diameter to be expected from breakup of the electrified jet was calculated as a function of jet diameter, physical properties of the liquid, jet electrification, and the mode of instability dominating the breakup process.


The design of an orthogonal, thiol-reactive cross-conjugation reagent is presented that allows step-wise and site-selective combination of biomacromolecules such as proteins, peptides or oligonucleotides by simply adjusting the pH. Both reaction centers of this versatile bioconjugation reagent are located at opposite sites leaving sufficient space for combining even sterically demanding molecules. Our results are of high significance and general applicability for the preparation of defined peptide–protein, protein–protein or protein–DNA conjugates and pave the way to tailored biotherapeutics.


A phenolic polymerization inhibitor is recovered from a styrene distillation residue containing the phenolic pol ymerization inhibitor by a method which comprises extracting the inhibitor from the styrene distillation residue with an oxygen-containing organic solvent hav ing not more than 6 carbon atoms, adding an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to the oxygen-containing organic solvent phase consequently obtained, and subjecting the resultant mixture to distillation thereby separating the mixture into a solution of the phenolic polymerization inhibitor in the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and the oxygen-containing organic solvent. The recovered so lution is put to use as a polymerization inhibitor either in the unmodified form or in a form separated from the aromatic hydrocarbon solvent.


BACKGROUND
Subclinical hypertensive heart disease (SHHD) is a precursor to heart failure. Blood pressure (BP) reduction is an important component of secondary disease prevention in patients with SHHD. Treating patients with SHHD utilizing a more intensive BP target (120/80 mm Hg), may lead to improved cardiac function but there has been limited study of this, particularly in African Americans (AAs).

METHODS
We conducted a single center, randomized controlled trial where subjects with uncontrolled, asymptomatic hypertension, and SHHD not managed by a primary care physician were randomized to standard (<140/90 mm Hg) or intensive (<120/80 mm Hg) BP therapy groups with quarterly follow-up for 12 months. The primary outcome was the differences of BP reduction between these two groups and the secondary outcome was the improvement in echocardiographic measures at 12 months.

RESULTS
Patients (95% AAs, 65% male, mean age 49.4) were randomized to the standard (n=65) or the intensive (n=58) BP therapy groups. Despite significant reductions in systolic BP (sBP) from baseline (-10.9 vs. -19.1 mm Hg; respectively)(p<0.05), no significant differences were noted between intention-to-treat groups (p=0.33) or the proportion with resolution of SHHD (p=0.31). However, on post-hoc analysis, achievement of a sBP <130 mmHg was associated with significant reduction in indexed left ventricular mass (-6.91 gm/m2.7; p=0.008) which remained significant on mixed effect modeling (p=0.031).

CONCLUSIONS
In post-hoc analysis, sBP <130 mm Hg in predominantly AA patients with SHHD was associated with improved cardiac function and reverse remodeling and may help to explain preventative effects of lower BP goals.


From its beginning, the United States economy has been organized on the basis of maximum opportunity for private competitive enterprise and the widest possible latitude for personal choice in making a living and spending one's income. Any narrowing of the horizons for individual initiative is alien to the nature of our enterprise system; and when controls and unusual restrictions on personal action have had to be introduced during an emergency, their abandonment at the end of the temporary period of crisis has been awaited impatiently. In this tradition, the Nation approached cautiously the problem of Federal intervention respecting employment and the maintenance of economic activity generally. Appeals for such intervention were resisted, for example, during the sharp economic downturn in 1921, when occasional depressions were still regarded as inevitable and the belief that they could be significantly moderated through governmental action had not taken hold. But a step taken that year was important for later developments: the President's Conference on Unemployment was established to make studies that would increase understanding of the operation of our economy and thus help to avoid the recurrence of widespread joblessness. The work of this Conference, which made its final report only shortly before the Great Depression began, was reflected in the Employment Stabilization Act of 1931, which sought to provide for "advance planning and regulated construction of public works, for the stabilization of industry, and for aiding in the prevention of unemployment during periods of business depression." Despite a series of countermeasures, the heavy unemployment of the 1930's persisted until the tremendous increase in production required in World War II and the service of 115/2 million persons in the Armed Forces reduced it to a minimum and created even a degree of overemployment. With the


Objective:To investigate the changes of bacteria detected from blood culture and results of antibiotic resistance and to explore for clinical diagnosis and treatment information.Methods:178 bacterial isolates were obtained from blood culture and results of antibiotic resistance were analyzed.BioMerieux's aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles and the company's Bact/Alert-120 automated blood culture system were used for culture.BioMerieux VITEK-Jr automatic bacteria identification device was used for identification,and the company GNI identification card and GNS-133 were used for drug susceptibility,the United States for Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI) standard judgments based on.SPSS11.0 statistical software package was used.The number of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was expressed by the percentage and cases and using χ2 test for fourfold table.P 0.05 act as statistically significant difference.Results:30 species of bacteria were detected in 178 strains,including Gram-positive(G +) cocci 102,Gram-negative(G-) bacilli 45,Grampositive bacteria 3,fungi 28.Including Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis of 23;Candida albicans 17;Staphylococcus haemolyticus 16;Enterococcus faecalis 13;Enterococcus faecium 12;Enterobacter cloacae 11;Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9;Acinetobacter baumannii,Candida glabrata each eight;Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 5;Klebsiella spp,Staphylococcus sciuri each four;Escherichia coli,Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus oralis each three;Candida tropicalis,Chrysemonas luteola,Bacillus perfringens each two;Streptococcus salivarius,Listeria,Streptococcus mitis,Streptococcus bovis,Burkholderia cepacia,Bacillus brevis,Staphlococcus lentus,Staphlococcus simulans,Enterococcus gallinarum,Sauharoyces cerevisiae each one.During the 10 years,the G + accounts for majority and five times the component ratio of Coagulase negative Staphylococci(CNS) was largest in the past ten years.The component ratio of streptococcus was falling off obviously since 2001.The component ratio of non-fermenting bacteria was largest at 2001 and 2005.Two times the component ratio of fungus was largest during the 10 years.Many kinds of antibiotic resistance rate are more than 60% in CNS and Staphylococcus aureus.In the above two types of bacteria there are not found vancomycin-resistant strains in our study.In Escherichia Klebsiella,Enterobacter cloacae,Klebsiella,there are not found imipenem-resistant strains.However,in non-fermentative bacteria,there are 52.9% of strains resistant to imipenem and the resistance rates of ceftazidime was less than ceftriaxone.In this study 12 strains of Enterococcus faecium and 13 stains of Enterococcus faecalis were found and accounted for the Enterococcus 46.2%,50.0% respectively.In this study,the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis to penicillin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin was 14.3%,42.9% and 50.0%,while the resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium was 70.0%,75.0% and 87.5% respectively.The resistance rate of Enterococcus faecium was significantly higher than that of Enterococcus faecalis During the 28 fungi strains,the number of cases detected each year 0,0,2,2,4,2,2,5,5 and 6 respectively.The past three years the number of detected cases has increased over the previous accounting for 57.1% of the total number of fungi.Conclusion:Coagulase-negative staphylococci is common blood culture isolate.At present,vancomycin is very effective antistaphylococcal drug.In Escherichia Klebsiella,Enterobacter cloacae,Klebsiella,imipenem remains the most effective.Fungal infections become a serious problem more and more.


During the Second World War many women writers sought to reconceptualize temporal relations. Often this was part of a fictional strategy of `writing oneself out' of the temporal reality of war. Virginia Woolf and Elizabeth Bowen propose strongly contrasting conceptions of this alternative time, but both imagine a `women's time' that is other to the patriarchal linear temporality perceived as the time of war.


Most of the irrigation controllers being used in India for drip irrigation system are imported and are very costly. There is a need to develop new indigenous irrigation controllers for the automation of drip irrigation system. The key objective of this paper is to report on an indigenous low cost time-based irrigation scheduler who performs user defined functions and output commands to derive appropriate actuators (i.e., solenoid valves, and motor). The developed prototype was tested at the Lab level and later at Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology (CPCT), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi. So the development of a distributed in-field drip irrigation system is used, which offers the potential to increase yield and quality while saving water, but the irrigation control, data interface, and software design are the challenging issues.


The present study aimed at analyzing the state of humanistic psychology research. The results are known from a literature review in publications found between 2005 and 2009, which was subsequently extended to 2010-2012, in indexed journals. Reviews were included in English and Spanish. Results recognized that research has evolved from theoretical considerations, to the application of such premises to different fields. At the same time, the review of relevance of epistemological and theoretical background makes presence. It evidences a path toward qualitative research and the recognition of the challenges of research and the publication of these studies.


Along with China's entry into the WTO and the internationalization and globalization of Chinese businesses,to get listed overseas has become an important choice for financing with many Chinese businesses.However,investigations have shown that,few Chinese businesses that wish to get listed overseas have selected Japan as a target country,with the peculiarity of the stock market structure of Japan being one of the important drawbacks.Cross shareholding is one of the major features of Japanese businesses,while the exclusiveness of cross shareholding constrains the circulation of shares and stocks,leads to over-pricing of stocks and underperformance of business capital.Such negative effects as the above-mentioned have caused even the Japanese legal persons and investors to hold a pessimistic and evasive attitude towards shareholding,and the same problem has also become a serious setback for Chinese businesses seeking to get listed in Japan.


To The Editor:

We would like to address statements related to the product TissueMend made in the paper "Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds for Orthopaedic Applications. A Comparative Histologic Study" (2006;88:2673-86), by Valentin et al. Subsequent articles referencing this paper have not accurately reported the data presented1,2, errata to which are now appearing3. Please note that:


The purpose of this study is to describe written mathematical communication skills based on SOLO Taxonomy for class XI MIPA students in solving problems on the matrix material. This type of research is descriptive qualitative, where the subject is 17 students of class XI MIPA. The research data collection method used a test instrument. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that there are 4 students with the criteria of written mathematical communication skills very good, 6 students with good written mathematical communication skills criteria, 7 students with Enough written mathematical communication skills criteria and students. Meanwhile, students with the written mathematical communication ability criteria are lacking. Students are in very good criteria, able to solve thelevel questions Unistructural Relational on SOLO Taxonomy. Meanwhile, students with the criteria of good written mathematical communication skills are able to solve questions on thelevel Unistructural and thelevel Multistructural in the SOLO Taxonomy. Then students with the criteria of written mathematical communication skills are Enoughly able to solve questions on thelevel Unistructural in SOLO Taxonomy. The average written mathematical communication skills are in good criteria with an average written mathematical communication ability score of 61.95, so that the average student is able to solve questions at the Unistructural Multistructural level in SOLO Taxonomy


The designed project and realized way of Ma'anshan environmental administer Internet/Intranet information network are expatiated. The internet network technical exploitation and application is discussed.


This special issue marks two anniversaries. This year, 2002, is the fortieth anniversary of Isaiah Berlin's classic essay "Does Political Theory Still Exist?" It is also the thirtieth anniversary of the founding of this journal. Political Theory: An International Journal of Political Philosophy commenced full operations in 1972, and the first issue appeared at the beginning of 1973. The editorial in that issue was remarkably brief, emphasizing only the need for a journal that would be broadly representative, both philosophically and geographically. Despite some initial rockiness, by the mid-1970s the journal was flourishing under the able leadership of Benjamin Barber. It continued on this path under the succeeding editors, William Connolly and Tracy Strong. The appearance of the journal in the early 1970s was part of a revival of political theory in the English-speaking world. Before this period, there was no journal in English that focused specifically on political theory or political philosophy. Philosophy and Public Affairs was founded at almost the same time as Political Theory. The term "revival" is especially appropriate, because the field had been famously pronounced "dead" by Peter Laslett in the 1950s. With that declaration, he wanted to call attention to the apparent breakdown of a Western tradition of reflection on "political and social relationships at the widest possible level of generality" that applied "the methods


In early 2016, a Canadian multidisciplinary committee published a white paper entitled, "Recommendations for the improvement of bladder cancer quality of care in Canada: A consensus document reviewed and endorsed by Bladder Cancer Canada (BCC), Canadian Urologic Oncology Group (CUOG), and Canadian Urological Association (CUA)."1 This was a summary and report of the committee's consensus deliberations during the first two-day BCC-CUACUOG bladder cancer quality of care meeting (BCQCM) held in late 2014. One of the recommendations from the report was to perform a Delphi process to establish a set of quality indicators across important categories of bladder cancer care.1 This process was undertaken, and led to a 2017 publication listing 60 quality indicators for consideration.2 In November 2016, another multidisciplinary committee consisting largely of the same members met at a second BCQCM, which focused on the patient journey and optimizing management. The report of this second BCQCM was published in 2018.3 The following is a summary of the third national BCQCM. The objectives for the meeting were as follows: To provide an update on the status of the Canadian Bladder Cancer Information System (CBCIS) and its potential future impact; To set benchmarks for the core quality indicators selected at the second BCQCM; To discuss the desirability and feasibility of an annual Canadian bladder cancer forum; To review barriers and enablers of bladder preservation for invasive bladder cancer; To examine and discuss the future of bladder cancer research, with a focus on patient engagement and priorities; and To review issues and concerns from the patient perspective and BCC. Wassim Kassouf, MD1; Armen Aprikian, MD1; Fred Saad, MD2; Neil Fleshner, MD3; Nimira Alimohamed, MD4; Rodney H. Breau, MD5; Fadi Brimo, MD6; Joe Chin, MD7; Peter Chung, MD8; Tony Cornacchia9; Ferg Devins9; Libni Eapen, MD10; Bernie Eigl, MD11; Adrian Fairey, MD12; David Guttman9; Jason P. Izard, MD13; Niels Jacobsen, MD12; Claudio Jeldres, MD14; Girish Kulkarni, MD15; Aly-Khan Lalani, MD16; Michele Lodde, MD17; Himu Lukka, MD16; Ron Moore, MD12; Chris Morash, MD5; Scott North, MD18; Tammy Northam9; Michael Ong, MD19; Nick Power, MD7; Ricardo Rendon, MD20; Robert Purves9; Bobby Shayegan, MD21; Randy Smith9; Alan So, MD22; Srikala S. Sridhar, MD23; Alex Zlotta, MD3; D. Robert Siemens, MD13; Peter C. Black, MD22


Relationship between microfinance and economic growth has been a major concern for the policymakers of developing countries and focal point of economists to eradicate poverty, empower poor people and produce employment opportunities. This research applies OLS method to trace the impact of microfinance on economic growth in Pakistan. Variables of the study are active borrowers, active savers, active insured persons, borrowing, saving and insurance amount from microfinance institutions. Active borrowers and borrowing amount have highly significant positive relationship with economic growth of Pakistan. Active savers and saving amount have highly significant negative relationship with economic growth whereas insurance policyholders and insurance amount have no relationship. Government should not only increase outreach of microfinance but also devises a mechanism, which can not only channelize the funds efficiently but also avoid non-performing loans. Government should also provide some tax rebate or concession to microfinance and microcredit agencies so that maximum amount can be channelized towards economy in order to get long-run results.


Abstract Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10t-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.


: Based on the self-built English and Chinese translation corpus, this paper compares the differences between Chinese translation and English original texts, including English translation and Chinese original, makes clear the scope of common parts of speech to distinguish the category of text, analyzes and thinks about the differentiation of text language classes and the correlation degree of various language characteristics, and analyzes and studies the verb changes in English and Chinese translation.


Abstract N-Substituted 2- and 4-pyridinethiones A react with sodium-N-chlorobenzenesulfonamides 1 to N-phenylsulfonyl-S-pyridylidenesulfimides B, N,N′-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-S-pyridiniosulfodiimidates C and N-pyridylidenebenzenesulfonamides D. The constitution of the new pyridiniosulfodiimidates C is proved by X-ray crystal structure of one compound C and by 1H-NMR-spectra of all 1-methylpyridinio-compounds C, which have a downfield shift for the N-methyl-δ-values. Formation, stabilities, IR-, 1H-NMR-spectra and bond systems of A-D are discussed. N-Substitutierte 2- und 4-Thiopyridone A reagieren mit Natrium-N-chlorbenzolsulfonamiden 1 zu N-Phenylsulfonyl-S-pyridylidensulfimiden B, N,N′-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)-S-pyridiniosulfodiimidaten C und N-Pyridylidenbenzolsulfonamiden D. Konstitutionsbeweise fur die neuen Pyridiniosulfodiimidate C sind die Rontgenstrukturanalyse eines Vertreters und die 1H-NMR-Spektren der N-Methylpyridinioverbindungen C mit δ-Werten fur die N-Methylgruppe bei tiefem Feld. Fur A-D werden d...


In order to clarify the influence of upslope seabed on low-frequency acoustic signal propagation characteristics, the Time-domain Finite Element Method (TDFEM) was used to establish the time-domain numerical calculation model of low-frequency acoustic field in shallow sea under the action of point source, and the low-frequency acoustic propagation characteristics of horizontal and upslope seabed were simulated and compared with this model. The results show that the simple positive wave and surface wave components can be received in shallow water environment. Compared with the horizontal seabed, the upslope seabed water normal wave attenuation faster; The amplitude of surface waves is the strongest at the fluid/elastic seabed interface, and gradually weakens when it extends to the sea surface. At the same receiving depth, the amplitude of the surface wave component in the water of the upslope seabed is greater than that of the horizontal seabed.


Because of the importance of probing molecular-scale chemical and physical structure of environmental samples in their natural and often hydrated state, synchrotron radiation has been a powerful tool for environmental scientists for decades. Thus, the crucial role that a highly coherent and high-brightness hard X-ray source such as the Advance Photon Source (APS) can play in addressing many of the outstanding questions in molecular environmental science (MES) was recognized even before "first light" at the facility. No single synchrotron-based technique or experimental approach can adequately address the tremendous temporal and spatial heterogeneities of the chemistry, physics, and biology of natural environmental samples. Thus, it is common at the APS that multiple X-ray techniques and experimental systems are employed to investigate environmental samples, often chosen for their ability to focus on solute species, plants, microbes, organics, interfacial species, or solids.


The role of radiographic imaging in determining the size, numbers and the position of implants is very important. To perform the implant procedure, the dentist needs to evaluate the bone pathology and bone density, and to know the precise height, width, and contour of the alveolar process, as well as its relationship to the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal. The author analyzed 3 implant cases for treatment planning with the cone beam CT. All axial, panoramic, serial and buccolingual-sectioned images of 3 cases with stent including vertical marker were taken by using Mercuray (Hitachi, Japan). When the curved line drawn intentionally did not include dot image of a vertical marker on the axial image of CBCT, the image of the vertical marker was deformed on its buccolingually sectioned image. There was wide discrepancy in inclination between the alveolar bone and tooth on buccolingually sectioned image.


Bounds are presented on I/sub i.i.d./-the achievable information rate for a discrete Gaussian Channel with intersymbol interference (ISI) present and i.i.d. channel input symbols governed by an arbitrary predetermined distribution p/sub x/(x). The lower and upper bounds on I/sub i.i.d./ and I are formulated. The bounds on I/sub i.i.d./ are calculated for independent equiprobably binary channel symbols and for causal channels with ISI memory of degree one and two. The bounds on I/sub i.i.d./ are compared to the approximated (by Monte Carlo methods) known value of I/sub i.i.d./ and their tightness is considered. An application of the new lower bound on I/sub i.i.d./ yields an improvement on previously reported lower bounds for the capacity of the continuous-time strictly bandlimited (or bandpass) Gaussian channel with either peak or simultaneously peak power and bandlimiting constraints imposed on the channel's input waveform. >


1 Proofs and additional experiments 1.1 Detailed Proof of Lemma 1 With probability at least 1 − δ, A(n)θ * − a(n) 2 − A(n) θ(n) − a(n) 2 ≤ R 2   c 2 + 2c + 2 n u + c y=0 2 n y   1 + log 2 δ 2 Proof. First note that A(n)θ * − a(n) 2 − A(n) θ(n) − a(n) 2 ≤ A(n)θ * − a(n) 2. Now, we upper-bound the RHS. A(n)θ * − a(n) = c y=0 θ * y Φ y (n y) − Φ U (n u), where X y , X u denote independent samples of size n y , n u from P D (x|y) and P U (x) respectively. We will proceed to prove this result in two steps: 1. Show that with probability 1 − δ, f ≤ Ef + R log 2 δ c y=0 2 ny + 2 nu. 2. Show that Ef ≤ R c 2 +2c+2 nu + c y=0 2 ny Combining the results from the two steps gives us the final result. Next, we give proofs for the two steps. Step 1: We would like to now first show that f satisfies the bounded difference property. Take a point x i from class˜y and replace that point with x i. Let the new class average of class˜y be denoted as Φ ˜ y (n ˜ y). Note that the number of points in the class do not change. Let the new value of f be denoted as f ˜ y. Therefore, f ˜ y = c y=0 y =˜y In the second step, we just added and subtracted θ * ˜ y Φ ˜ y (n ˜ y). Now using triangle inequality, we can see that,


We routinely hear that Canada is one of the most urbanized nations (80%+), but all that tells us is that less than 20 % of Canadians live in rural areas. Most Canadians live in post-1945 suburbs. This research project estimates the size and growth rate of Canada"s suburban population and considers the policy implications associated with these historic trends. Of course, the size of the suburban population will depend upon the definition of a suburb, and there is currently no standard definition. Suburbia is a loosely defined concept. The method for this paper involved analysis of census information from 1946 to 2006 for a pilot study in Ottawa-Hull. Multiple definitions of suburbia were tested with a Geographical Information System (GIS) and Google Earth, guided by different suburban policy interests (i.e. housing, transportation, density). The preliminary results from the proposed definitions indicate that a surprisingly large proportion of Canadians live in post-1945 suburban environments. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: David Gordon is Professor and Director of the School of Urban and Regional Planning at Queen"s University. His latest books are Planning 20 Century Capital Cities (Routledge 2006; 2010) and Planning Canadian Communities (Nelson 2008, with Gerald Hodge) Professor Gordon"s current research is on the extent of Canadian suburbs and on the planning history of Canada"s national capital, with a major book due in 2011. He is a director of the International Planning History Society. Christopher Vandyk is a real property analyst with Correctional Services Canada. He is a native of Ottawa and holds a Master of Urban and Regional Planning from Queen"s University Submission ID: 333 CONTACT DETAILS: David L. A. Gordon School of Urban and Regional Planning Queen"s University Kingston ON Canada K7L 3N6 Email: email@example.com Phone: 1-613-533-2188


Abstract Security is a system of interrelated elements that interact with each other and must be effectively managed. At the same time, security is one of the key areas of administrative activity. Nowadays, an integrated approach to the development process in the context of shaping local security policy becomes extremely important. Integrated management is based on a territorial-functional approach and exposes mutually balanced links between the economic, social and environmental systems of which security is a common element.


The Hyanggyo in Seongju(星州鄕校), designated as Treasure No.1575, has a distinctive plan. The main shrine hall(大成殿, religious area) is located on the left(east) and the main lecture hall(明倫堂, studying area) is on the right(west). This type of the plan is shown in only a few cases, and is known as a style of late Joseon Dynasty. But this type of plan was already formed in the 16th century in the Hyanggyo in Seongju. That is the earliest example in the same type of plan. This study aims to examine the period of the establishment and transitional process of the Hyanggyo in Seongju through analysis of various bibliographies. The results of the study are as follows : 1. The Hyanggyo in Seongju enshrining clay figure(塑像), was established already in the late Goryeo Dynasty. This result was discovered by analyzing the changing process of systems of Confucian shrines from clay figure to spirit plate(木主) in the late Goryeo Dynasty and in the early Joseon Dynasty. 2. It is confirmed that the main shrine hall and elevated pavilion existed in the 15th century. At that time it is presumed that the courtyard was surrounded by 4 buildings, which are mixed style of religious and studying area, called Myohakdonggoong(廟學同宮). 3. In the 1560's, the studying area was separated from the existing buildings by Hwang, Jun-Ryang(黃俊良). The current plan(left-shrine, right-lecture) was accomplished at that time. The reason of this change is supposed to apply the existing buildings and its location as it was, and to be influenced by the Hyanggyo in Punggi(豊基鄕校), which was relocated in 1543 by Joo, Se-Boong(周世鵬). 4. Most of buildings had been burned down by the fire during Japanese Invasion called Imjin War, since then many buildings were restored on the existing location in early 17th century except elevated pavilion, and remained so far.


Octahydroepoxyisoindole analogues of norcantharidin were accessed through a Diels–Alder reaction of an amine‐substituted furan with maleic anhydride and subsequent reduction of the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene olefin. Despite retention of the carboxylate and the ether bridgehead known to impart cytotoxic activity to norcantharidin, none of these analogues displayed notable cytotoxicity against the 11 cell lines examined: HT29 (colon), MCF‐7 (breast), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2‐C (neuroblastoma), SJ‐G2 and U87 (glioblastoma), MIA (pancreatic), and SMA (spontaneous murine astrocytoma). The incorporation of an amino‐substituted system post‐synthesis of norcantharidin afforded facile access to 14 acid/amide‐substituted norcantharidin analogues. Of these, only four displayed sufficient activity at the initial 25 μm compound screening dose to warrant full evaluation of growth inhibition. Common to these analogues was the presence of a 4‐biphenyl moiety, and in particular 3‐(2‐(furan‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3‐(4‐biphenylamino)‐3‐oxopropylcarbamoyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (13 c) and 3‐(2‐(pyrrole‐2‐ylmethyl)‐3‐(4‐biphenylamino)‐3‐oxopropylcarbamoyl)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane‐2‐carboxylic acid (24) displayed high levels of cytotoxicity, returning GI50 values of 15 nm (HT29) to 2.9 μm (U87) and 17 nm (SMA) to 2.8 μm (U87), respectively. These are the most cytotoxic norcantharidin analogues reported to date.


1. Device (1) for cleaning the surface (11) comprising at least one rotatable brush (3, 4) having a flexible brushing elements (18), intended for contact with the cleaning surface (11) and separating the particles (10) mud and liquids which are present on the surface (11), during the period separating dirt during each revolution of the brush (3, 4), and actuating means of the brush movement (3, 4), wherein the linear mass density of the majority of the total number of brush elements (18 ) brushes (3, 4) of less than 150 g per 10 km, at least at the end portions with a brush cing members (18) which are used for separating the particles (10) of dirt and liquid, and actuating means to move the brush (3, 4) configured to enable the acceleration at the tip of brush elements (18) of the device (1), of at least 3000 m / s, at least at some time during the period of each brush turns (3, 4) different from the period of the mud separation, namely, the period when the brush elements (18) are not in contact with the surface (11) and first moving the surface (11), and then again move towards the surface STI (11) .2. Device (1) according to Claim. 1 further comprising means for setting the magnitude crushing (I) brushes (3, 4) configured to perform crushing (I), of from 2% to 12% of the brush diameter (3, 4 ) in relation to the completely straightened brush elements (18) .3. Device (1) according to Claim. 1, wherein the density of the placement of the brush elements (18) is at least 30 beams (17) of brush elements (18) by 1 cm, the number of brush elements (18) per beam is equal to at least 500.4. Device (1) according to Claim. 1, wherein the linear array


Entrepreneurship education has an important role in changing the mindset of students. Entrepreneurship education is given to students because it can change the mindset of students, during which only interest as a job seeker to students who are ready to create jobs. Given this entrepreneurship education, besides being able to change the mindset of students, is also expected to change student behavior. The behaviors are the achievement motivation, unyielding, the courage to take risks, creative and innovative. To realize the student mindset change is necessary as well as the role of universities in the implementation of entrepreneurship education. In addition, the role of college graduates in motivating young graduate being an entrepreneur is very important in growing the number of entrepreneurs. With rising entrepreneurs from among the scholars will reduce the growing number of unemployed and even increase the number of jobs.


The results of the study concerning the infestation of dwarf shoots of European larch Larix decidua of 20 Polish provenances with Coleophora laricella Hb. (Lep., Coleophoridae), and the extent of damage to larch needles caused by this insect have been presented. Also such pest as Spilonota laricina Hein. (Lep., Tortricidae) has been mentioned.


This article explores the nature of strategic leadership and assesses whether a framework can be established to map the dimensions of strategic leadership. In particular it establishes a model which outlines both the organizational abilities and the individual characteristics of strategic leaders.


Aim: Pregnancy is characterized by complex physiological changes that can adversely affect oral health. Therefore, the utmost attention should be careful about oral hygiene. This study aimed is to investigate the awareness of patients about oral examination and hygiene during and before pregnancy. Material and Methods: In November and December 2018, the questionnaire we prepared for patients who came to our clinic from 18 years old and above cities and surrounding cities was completed and the results were evaluated statistically. Results: Of the 380 patients who participated in the study, 251 said that dental examination is necessary before pregnancy. However, 73.5% (n: 72) of the patients stated that although they went to a gynecologist and obstetrician before pregnancy, 64.3% (n: 63) did not go to a dentist for a dental examination. Only 34 patients (34.7%) reported that they applied to a dentist for dental problems during pregnancy. The remaining majority (n: 64; 65.3%) did not experience any problems with the teeth or go to the dentist, even if they did. Conclusion: It is very important that patients who apply to various health institutions before pregnancy are informed about the importance of oral examination and directed to the relevant authorities for oral examination. Despite many studies carried out in our country in this regard, it is seen that there is not enough awareness in our region. The multidisciplinary approach of medicine and dentists is of great importance in awareness before and during pregnancy.


Summary form only given. Millivolt switches will not only improve energy efficiency, but will enable a new capability to manage the energy-reliability tradeoff. By effectively utilizing this system-level capability, it may be possible to obtain one or two additional generations of scaling beyond current projections. Millivolt switches will enable further energy scaling, a process that is expected to continue until the technology encounters thermal noise errors. If thermal noise errors can be accommodated at higher levels through a new form of error correction, it may be possible to scale about 3× lower in system energy than is currently projected. A general solution to errors would also address long standing problems with Cosmic Ray strikes, weak and aging parts, some cyber security vulnerabilities, etc.In conclusion, millivolt switches may be able to convert computer reliability from an annoying problem that can be "swept under the rug" into a key enabler for additional generations of scaling. Since the introduction of the integrated circuit, reliability of parts has been high enough that it could be dealt with through ad hoc techniques (like error correction for memory) and inefficient recovery methods (like checkpoint-restart). As the largest computers continue to grow to Exascale, the scalability of the existing methods is being tested and coming up short. While millivolt switches are not currently available, it can be projected theoretically that realizing their maximum potential will require a more systematic solution to reliability issues to address thermal noise. However, the argument just presented has transformed reliability from a problem into an enabler for increased power efficiency. This transformation is of more than scientific interest, as funding tends to be more accessible to projects that realize upside potential than projects that fix problems.


The profiling of turbine end walls has gained wides pr ad acceptance as a means to reduce the adverse effects of secondary flows on the overall e ffici ncy of gas turbines via two mechanisms: Firstly the reduction of secondary kine tic energy directly and in the improvement of the flow quality and consistency (bo th in pressure profile and angle) entering downstream turbine stages. Nearly all major engine manufacturers are involved in the research and development of optimisation techniques as a means of generating these threedimensional and sometimes quite un-intuitive end wa ll design, but Rolls-Royce were the early leaders in that they were the first patent an d introduce to service (in the Trent 500) end walls that had been profiled. At first the emphasis was on the reduction of tangential variation in the exit pressure profile and later, they predic ted and proved a 0.5% improvement in efficiency for the Trent 500 HP stage. Since then a rash of researchers have been involved in the development of similar technology for competin g engine manufacturers, using similar approaches in terms of the design methodology (most ly based on constrained splines), and the CFD tools used to evaluate the design. However the success of the design is often more a result of the objective function chosen to evaluate th design than it is of the design or analysis methodology. This study examines the resul ts of a CFD and rotating experiment, comparing an annular and a generic end wall design for a model turbine rotor in a 11⁄2 stage turbine at the CSIR, in an attempt to draw some con clusions regarding the proper selection of objective functions during the optimisation process . Nomenclature α Outlet flow angle β Relative Flow Angle B-L Baldwin-Lomax CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics Cske Coefficient of secondary kinetic energy Cx Axial Velocity NGV Nozzle Guide Vane RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes SST Shear Stress Transport T Temperature U Wheel Speed V Absolute Flow Velocity W Relative Flow Velocity X0, X1, X2, X3, X4 Traverse positions (see Figure 3) y Near wall Reynolds Number Subscripts: 2 Rotor entrance 3 Rotor exit r radial sec Secondary m mean


In large regions of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, harvest of forests has con verted old-growth coniferous forests into a mosaic of young patches «90 years old) of differing size and age. We examined the consequences of these changes on the roosting habits of the silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans, which preferentially uses older forests in other parts of its range in the Pacific Northwest. Bats were captured using mist nets and harp traps at streams, ponds, and road sites in 1992 and 1993. L. noctivagans was captured only over water. Fifteen of 30 L. noctivagans captured were equipped with radio transmitters. A total of 15 roost sites used by 13 individuals was found. All roosts were 30 cm. Height of roost trees ranged from 6.9 to 61.5 m, and estimated height of roosts of bats ranged from 6.1 to 15.2 m. Roost trees were significantly taller than neigh boring trees, which may facilitate the location of roosts by bats. Analysis of a 15-m radius plot around each roost tree revealed that roost sites had significantly less closure of over story canopy, less understory, and shorter understory vegetation than comparable random plots. Reduced overstory canopy and understory vegetation provide a less-cluttered envi ronment for flight of bats, which may be particularly important for newly volant young. Recruitment and retention of snags and the maintenance of structural complexity in forest patches in upland as well as riparian areas are important for the conservation of species of bats in managed forests.


Task migration, an effective resource management approach, contributes to an increase of on-chip communication overhead. We propose an MMPI-based task migration mechanism to lower task migration overhead in NoC-based MPSoC. This task migration mechanism depends on MPSoC message passing interface (MMPI), which defines a parallel programming pattern that program is dependent of task mapping. In the migration mechanism, task state information is transferred to another PE. The migration overhead is lowered since the task migration is based on MMPI and task code is not transferred. Furthermore, the task migration mechanism does not require checkpoints to detect migration request. Experimental results show that the migration delay decreases around 28% without transferring task code.


A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 to study the bio-efficacy of sand mix application of pre emergence herbicides, pendimethalin 1000 g ha, pretilachlor 500 g ha, oxyfluorfen 120 g ha, imazethapyr 63 g ha alone and in sequence with post emergence application of imazethapyr 50 g ha on weed control in black gram grown as relay crop. Results indicated that sequential treatments were found to be superior to individual applications. Among the sequential treatments, pre emergence sand mix application of pendimethalin 1000 g ha followed by imazethapyr 50 g ha at 20 days after sowing (DAS ) significantly reduced weed growth and recorded the highest seed yield (1113 kg ha), net monetary returns (Rs.2255 ha) and B:C ratio (1.33) and was at par with other sequential treatment, oxyfluorfen 120 g ha followed by imazethapyr 50 g ha and also with hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS. Uncontrolled weed growth caused 61 percent reduction in seed yield of blackgram.


New five-coordinate Pt(ii) complexes containing a glycosylated carbene fragment were synthesized. A member of this class shows very high in vitro cytotoxicity and an exceptional selectivity toward malignant cells. The complex lacking the sugary portion fails in the recognition of cancer cells. The results support the use of glycosylation in the design of carbene Pt-based anticancer agents.


The Language of Sign is a strategy to correspondence for the people who are deaf & dumb. This Artical shows the linguistic communication Recognition framework equipped for recognizing twenty-six gestures from the Indian linguistic communication by utilizing MATLAB. The Proposed system have Multiple modules, first one is process data than hand segment than after extraction of feature after that, recognize the sign and then it will be converted into voice & text. Segmentation is finished by utilizing image processing. For example, some special components are removed. And some special features of eigen values and eigen vectors are used as an acknowledgment. The Principle Component Analysis is used to acknowledgment of gesture and then it will be changed into content and group of voice. Through the proposed system we have tried to limit correspondence between hard of hearing & dumb individuals and normal people.


Male canid subjects residing in a human domestic environment are routinely subject to bilateral orchiectomy, effected primarily in order to preclude reproduction and to suppress undesirable behavioral traits, including agonism and inappropriate urine dissemination [1]. This practice has remained constant and routine for decades (if not centuries), and is widely conducted globally despite evidence of deleterious secondary effects; these include (among others) increased prevalence of injury to the anterior cruciate ligament [2], higher risk of prostatic carcinoma [3], and a miscellaneous suite of behavioral mal adaptations [4-6]. In addition, post-traumatic stress, often combined with diminished self-esteem, may be manifest in the subject as an acute or chronic complication of the operation, with an effective duration of weeks to years (Wünderlandt and Borzoi, unpublished data). Furthermore and most importantly within the context of this note the procedure is almost invariably performed without the patient's informed consent.


Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the regional age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) in cancer on biliary system nationwide in Korea in order to suggest some hypotheses for evaluating potential risk factors while the Korean men have the highest ASIR of gallbladder and extra-hepatic ducts cancers in the world. Methods: Author collected the ASIRs in intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) (ICD-10, C22.1), extra-hepatic CCA (C24), and gallbladder cancer (C23) by sex and 16 regions in Korea between 1999 and 2005. Results: When the ASIRs were sorted descending, author found that a region having higher ASIR in one cancer site on biliary system have higher ASIR in the other sites. And the distribution of regional sex ratio in ASIRs was so different. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, author suggested 3 hypotheses for establishing potential risk factors between regions showing the highest and the lowest ASIR and recommended to confirm the accuracy and reliability of coding system in cancer registry.


Although sexual assault by workplace personnel is widely viewed as a type of sexual harassment, little is known about whether these overlapping constructs may possess some unique characteristics. This article compares the theoretical antecedents and consequences of sexual assault by workplace personnel and other types of sexual harassment among 22,372 women employed in the U.S. military. Path analysis revealed that low sociocultural and organizational power are associated with an increased likelihood of both types of victimization. Organizational climate and job gender context are directly associated with sexual harassment but are only indirectly associated with sexual assault by workplace personnel. Both types of victimization are associated with a variety of negative outcomes, but the pattern of negative consequences differs.


The effect of educational attainment on state-level productivity growth during the post-war period is investigated. Using both a cross-sectional and panel data approach, we find two main results. First, it is the acquisition of a 4-year college degree, not additional years of schooling, which leads to growth in productivity. Second, the social return on a 4-year college degree has fallen over time. These results suggest that at least some of the connection between educational degrees and wages found at the micro-level can be explained by actual productivity gains from the acquisition of 4-year college degrees.


felts" characteristic of Polyporus sulphureus Bull. ex Fries (1, 3). Pure cultures were obtained and the cultural and microscopic characteristics agreed with those described for P. sulphureus (2). As the decayed tree was being dissected and examined, a very peculiar cylindrical mass of hyphae was found near the center of the tree at a height of 10 ft. The cylindrical hyphal mass was i inch in diameter and 15 inches long, FIG. 1. The mycelium was pure white macroscopically. Microscopic examination revealed that the hyphae were thin-walled, aseptate, and lacked clamp connections and conidia. Examination of the literature revealed that no such structure has been reported for P. sulphureus; however, Faull (1) has reported a similar hyphal proliferation for Fomes officinalis (Vill. ex Fr.) Faull. An illustration is included since none was found in the literature.


Objective:To understand the causes fo venous transfusion exosmosis in children,the attempt establishment the nursing intervention pattern of the prevention and treatment of venous transfusion exosmosis in children.Methods:The selection age ≤5 years old 660 example in hospital trouble took the object of observation,carries on the tracing observation,records the exosmosis to have the time,the medicine,the infusion tool the blood vessel condition,the exosmosis scope and the symptom in detail.Results: There were 36 cases of venous transfusion exosmosis,21 cases(58.33%) were the cause of children cring noisy or the guardian has no intention to colliding tp pulling;6 examples(16.67%) were the cause of medicine;4 cases(11.11%)were the cause of choicing wrong blood vessel.5 cases(13.89%) were the cause of wrong puncturing spot fixed or method.Conclusion: We should improving the conventional puncture,the fixed method,having the plan of reasonable choicing vein,strengthening guardian's infusion knowledge and make an inspection tour of transfusion,reducing the infusion exosmosis.


Shot-hole borer (SHB) (Xyleborus fornicatus Eichhoff.) in tea is the most important pest causing economic damage at nursery, young and mature stages resulting in poor establishment, direct yield loss and long term bush debilitation. The existing cultivar screening method against SHB using the econventional tray method possesses several limitations with inconsistent results. Therefore, this study compared four cultivar screening methods with the conventional tray method to determine the differential susceptibility of tea cultivars to SHB. The screening methods compared were: (a) bioassay using glass jars; (b) bioassay using olfactometric principles; (c) development of borer populations in artificial diet media prepared using tea bark extractions and (d) using nursery tea plants under natural borer infestations in the field . Seventeen TRI cultivars (TRI 4078, 4071, 4053, 4052, 4046, 4042, 4014, 4006, 3072, 3063, 3025, 3019, 3018, 2043, 2025, 2023 and 777) and six estate selections (DN, DG39, DG7, CY9, DT1 and PK2) with known tolerance or susceptibility to the pest were evaluated.


Gaojuli mountain city lies in Qingshiling Town,Yingkou City,nearby Liaohekou.Most of the walls are high and strong built by stone blocks taken in the locality.Gaojuli mountain city is just the so-called Anshi City recorded in historical literature,instead of Jian'an City confirmed before.


A patient with localized, reactive tendinitis secondary to tuberculosis presented to the accident and emergency (A&E) department. Tendinitis is a relatively common complaint, and it is important to consider uncommon systemic causes, including tuberculosis.


In this paper, we introduce and justify agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) as a layered technology. The layers of this technology are quality, agent-oriented software process model, agent-oriented methods, agent-based system architecture and agent development tools. On the basis of this layered view, an investigation and evaluation on the current! works in agent-oriented software engineering is presented. current gaps are analyzed and areas for further works are introduced. The other main contributions of this paper are introducing and describing umbrella activities for complementing the main activities and steps in the agent-based system development, a classification and definition of testing activities for agent-had systems and a classification of agent development tools. The results that have been presented in this paper are based on an extensive survey of work in the field of agent-oriented software engineering.


The metaphor of the body uncovers a number of ways in which a cross-disciplinary approach between the two fields of architecture and pedagogy could promote a learning environment of wellbeing in the design of educational facilities. By imagining the school as a body, the school is posited as a whole, living organism, whose constituent parts need to work together to achieve a healthy balance . Wellbeing is also attributed to the capacity of an individual to adapt to challenges and this statement could arguably hold true to buildings themselves.


w s t a P b q N f a d I n 3 p Penicillium notatum is a well-known indoor aeroalergen and is frequently included in skin test panels or allergic diagnosis. On two-dimensional immunolotting using patients' sera containing IgE and monolonal antibody D7B8 specific for Pen c 1 of P. citrium, two allergens with a molecular mass of 33 kDa ut different isoelectric points were identified. A novel DNA coding for Pen n 13 was cloned and sequenced. he nucleotide sequence codes for a protein 397 amino cids including a putative signal peptide of 25 amino cids and a propeptide of 90 amino acids. The allergen s an alkaline serine protease that shares more than 9% identical residues with other kinds of mold allerens. The coding cDNA of Pen n 13 was cloned into ector pQE-30 and expressed in E. coli M15 as a His-tag usion protein and purified to homogeneity. The fuion protein reacted with monoclonal antibodies of en c 1 and with IgE from Penicillium-allergic paients. Furthermore, it also cross-reacted strongly ith IgE specific for the natural Pen c 1, indicating hat similar IgE binding epitopes may exist in the alergens of P. notatum and P. citrinum. Antigenicity ndex plots indicated that there are several similar pitope regions of high antigenic indices in Pen c 1 nd Pen n 13, corroborating that mold allergens beonging to the alkaline serine protease family possess imilar protein structure and strong antigenic ross-reactivity. © 2000 Academic Press


The copying of paintings is rarely studied (least of all in the perspective of gender). It first appears as the devalued work of starters, amateurs or failures. However, in the 19th century, this activity is largely practiced by painters (men, but also, for a large part, women) and does not correspond to this idea of the copyist "by default". This activity is all the more central in career strategies as it is extremely valued by political leaders. Copying remains, for painters of both sexes, a triple resource: a valuable source of revenue, a way to penetrate the world of art and a source of legitimacy among the post prestigious pictural genres. Finally, by comparing the situation of female and male copyists under the Monarchy of July, one realizes that copying is recognized as an original professional activity, surprisingly characterized by a relative gender equality.


Aim: To assess various feeding techniques used for children with cleft lip/cleft palate.
Introduction: Cleft lip/palate is a condition wherein there is an opening or slit in the upper lip/palate. Maintaining optimum nutrition in children with cleft lip/palate is a challenge owing to the feeding and swallowing difficulties these children face. This article aims to discuss various feeding techniques used in southern India and to analyse their effectiveness in helping the infant with weight gain and overall development.
Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study done in south India using structured questionnaire. It consisted of 100 children <2 years of age visiting the cleft clinic in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Data was analysed statistically and evaluated using chi square test.
Results: This study concluded that paalada (65%) was the most commonly used technique to feed children with cleft lip/palate in southern India. The study also concludes that formula feed was the most widely used feed to effectively increasing weight of the child with cleft lip/palate. Education about feeding practices is vital in helping the mother understand the importance of healthy weight gain, growth and development.
Conclusion: Though the majority of parents visiting a cleft clinic are educated on the do's and don'ts of feeding a child with cleft lip/cleft palate, the data is inconclusive of the exact situation in India, so more research on the subject is needed to improve the feeding experience of children with cleft lip/cleft palate.


The article focuses on emergency aid worker Rowan Cody. Topics discussed include first responders, humanitarian disasters and International Rescue Committee (IRC). Further, photographs of her belongings that she uses while traveling which includes yoga mat, first-aid kit and sneakers are also discussed.


A soild phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophy(HPLC-MS/MS)was developed for determination of three β-agonists such as clenbuterol,ractomine,salbutemol residues in mutton.The samples were extracted by ammonium acetate buffer,and purified by MCX solid-phase extraction column.Using Formic acid-acetonitrile and formic acid-ammonium acetate buffer as mobile phase by gradient elution,the analysis of target compounds was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS under positive electrospray ionization(ESI+)and multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.An external standard was employed for quantitative analysis.The calibration curves were in good linearity between the peak area and the concentration of 2 to 100 ng/mL for three β-agonists with correlation coefficients not less than 0.998 8.The spiked recoveries ranged from 91.3% to 103.8% with relative standard deviations of 2.5% to 5.7%.The proposed method is accurate,sensitive and high-efficient,and is applicable for simultaneous determination of three β-agonists in mutton.


A novel hyperbranched triphenylamine-oxadiazole fluorescence polymer(PI) was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction.Three-photon and two-photon upconversion fluorescence spectra of polymer PI were measured using a femtosecond Ti: sapphire that was pumped by a femtosecond laser at the near-infrared region of 800—1350 nm.Its three-photon and two-photon absorption coefficient were determined by mearuring the nonlinear transmissivity at a known input intensity level.The three-photon excited fluorescence was observed with the central wavelength at 525 nm in THF,at 534 nm in CH2Cl2 and at 578 nm in DMF,respectively.The maximum peak of two-photon excited fluorescence was at 527 nm in THF,at 532 nm in CH2Cl2 and at 573 nm in DMF,respectively.Increased solvent polarity were found to induced a marked red-shift of the emission band of multiphoton pumped fluorescence in polymer PI.The hyperbranched triphenylamine-oxadiazole conjugated alternate copolymer displayed large multi-photon absorption and strong upconversion fluorescence properties.


The morbidity of hyperuricemia(HUA) has showed an increasing tendency in recent years, along with the improved social living conditions.HUA has been proved to be closely related to kidney diseases, metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases.However, people pay little attention to the relationship between uric acid and renal diseases in pediatrics, and the relevant studies and progress are lacking.Now a review is made about the metabolism of uric acid, the etiology and pathogenesis of HUA, and the relationship between HUA and kidney diseases or drugs, in order to pay attention to the relationship between HUA and kidney diseases.

Key words:
Uric acid; Hyperuricemia; Kidney diseases


The study presented below shows us the feasibility for the manufacture and sale of clothing reversible in the city of Guayaquil, where at present, there isn t one company has been outstanding in the production of this type of garment, and at least at the national level; it should be emphasized that this type of clothing reversible is marketed in other countries and are imported to Ecuador, but with little marketing. Then, the deficiency about these products allows to implement a project of reversible clothes, with the advantage of being a company in establishing this kind of ideas within the national territory. Therefore, the project will be attractive and innovative for the market and local consumer since this provides several benefits as well as ecological, economic and time. The objective of the project focuses on the fact that the consumer has a smart choice when it comes to buying, because when you buy a garment either a pair of trousers, t-shirts or blouses are not only acquiring a garment but two instead of one; what makes this product something interesting for the consumer, in this way decrease in something spending on costumes that today has become a fundamental necessity in the Ecuadorian consume.


the program can be measured by using the total health-care costs of all employees. In addition, the HMO provider will supply UMPH with quarterly utilization experience figures that can be added to the overall health benefit experience-making this an effective way for tracking total employee health-care costs. Another approach used to measure the effectiveness of the program was to evaluate the workers' compensation loss experience. The statistics in Exhibit 3 indicate that an active accident investigation program, inhouse medical follow-up by the occupational health nurse, and safety incentive and awareness programs will positively affect on-the-job injuries. Evaluation of the cost/benefit of TryUMPH for Health is incomplete and inconclusive at this time. However, the data suggest that the wellness efforts may be contributing to reduction of employee health-care costs. Use of other cost containment measures, such as implementation of


Margaret Donaldson and Loris Malaguzzi came from very different cultures and backgrounds, but had a similar passion for ensuring that the natural abilities of children were at the heart of early years practice.


Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have become one of the most remarkable materials because of their unique properties.The inherent properties of carbon nanotubes make them ideal supports for metal nanoparticles.The process for preparing CNTs loaded with metal nanoparticles using electrochemical methods and its progress are summarized.And the applications of the composite coating in the areas of catalysis,sensing,etc.are also presented.


Early diagnosis is a secondary preventive step, which increases the likely of cure and thus, guarantees
longer patient's survival, increasing quality of life and offering subsequent less invasive and destructive
forms of therapy when we consider many types of neoplasms, among them, espino-cellular carcinoma,
(ECC). The goal of this study was to assess and study the case diagnosed early as espino-cellular carci-
noma in the region of the soft palate, in the dental clinics School of  Dentistry, Regional  University   of
Gurupi-UNIRG, one day in  2018. The  method   used  in  this case  was  cross – sectional based on a
retrospective analysis of the patient's chart. An excisional biopsy was indicated  based  primarily in the
neoplasm size and the enclosed report confirmed that  that  safety  margins  both laterally and in depth
were free of infiltration. Consequently, it was possible to confirm that early diagnosis provided the best
method of treatment for the patient and  the  favorable  outcome improved his quality of life. Treatment
can be carried out using less aggressive therapy which may lead to a longer patient's survival .


Dr Balfour is the former President and Medical Director at Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, San Diego, CA. He served as President of the Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group Board of Directors between 1985 and 2014. Dr Balfour is a former Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine.

He was President of the American Medical Group Association and a founding board member of the Council of Accountable Physician Practices. He is a Fellow and past governor of the American College of Physicians.

Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group started the first commercial accountable care organization (ACO) for Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) members in California with Anthem Blue Cross in 2011, and participated in the Pioneer ACO program for Medicare beneficiaries between 2012 and 2014.

In a recent interview, Dr Balfour discussed the management of patients with type 2 diabetes in the accountable care and integrated health system environments at Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group and Sharp Healthcare.

Q: How prevalent is type 2 diabetes among Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group's members?

Dr Balfour: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is high among Sharp's members. Sharp has 18,000 members with diabetes, which is approximately 11% of our total membership. Nearly 20% of our members are seniors, and we have a substantial number of Hispanic members as well. The prevalence of diabetes is disproportionately high in these patient populations, and affects our overall diabetes prevalence rate.

Q: How does Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group evaluate the impact of diabetes on the health plan?

Dr Balfour: We look closely at hospitalization rates for our members with diabetes, because hospitalization is a major cost driver to the health plan. The specific metric that we use is bed days; that is, the number of admissions per thousand multiplied by the average length of stay.

Q: What is your organization doing to actively manage type 2 diabetes on a patient population level right now?

Dr Balfour: Patient population management of diabetes has been a major thrust in our organization for many years. In California, the commercial pay-for-performance initiatives are predicated on the concept of Perfect Care, in which quality measures are grouped into "all-or-none" bundles. In order to meet the Perfect Care requirements, participating organizations must meet the performance goal for all individual measures for a given patient, and any missing parameters result in a score of 0. Diabetes is an important component of this commercial pay-for-performance program, accounting for 20% of the total eligible payout.

We are very focused on Perfect Care, and Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group has performed extremely well, winning the American Medical Group Association Acclaim Award (their most prestigious quality award) in 2014.

Q: What provider-focused interventions have you implemented?

Dr Balfour: We perform a comprehensive gap analysis that we transmit to our physicians electronically. We give all providers a list of their patients whose hemoglobin (Hb) A1c levels are not under control, and encourage them to speak with their patients. The communications are typically informational, but the implementation of this intervention is truly a team effort.

We have social workers, case managers, and disease managers who play an important role in helping the physicians and the patients. Our efforts fit in well with the mission of accountable, patient-centered primary care.

Q: Have you measured the impact of your quality efforts on the health outcomes of patients with diabetes?

Dr Balfour: Yes, we have. There is no question that we have seen a substantial decrease in amputations. We have also seen a decrease in blindness among our patients with type 2 diabetes. There remains room for improvement, but our efforts thus far have yielded measurable gains in quality.

Q: How is Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group's relationship with the ACO set up?

Dr Balfour: We participated in the Medicare Pioneer ACO program until June 2014, via a limited liability corporation that included Sharp Healthcare, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group, and Sharp Community Medical Group, an independent practice association. This program included approximately 1000 physicians, the 7 hospitals that are owned by Sharp, and several participating nursing homes and hospice.

Currently, we are participating in 2 commercial ACOs and expect to join another ACO in the near future.

Q: How are members with diabetes managed in the ACO environment?

Dr Balfour: We had several data challenges in the Pioneer ACO that limited our ability to effectively communicate information to our physicians and their patients. Only approximately 50% of the participating members had Medicare Part D coverage; the other members had supplemental insurance, TRICARE or US Veterans Association coverage, coverage through their spouses, or possibly no pharmacy benefits. We only had access to patients' pharmacy data from the Medicare Part D plans, and the pharmacy benefit managers operating in California were also missing data for a large percentage of members. As a result, there were major information gaps, and it was difficult to communicate robust patient-level data to our physicians.

Furthermore, we had no influence on formularies or on benefit structures—those elements were controlled by the payer, whether it was a Medicare Part D plan, supplemental insurer, or whoever was providing the health insurance coverage. It was difficult, because we did not know which medications patients were taking unless they had a medical encounter, usually an office visit. At that point, our physicians would go over the medication reconciliation very carefully, but it was very frustrating and time-consuming.

Regarding the commercial ACOs, Sharp-Rees Stealy Medical Group has been participating in a successful program with Anthem PPO members since 2011. Although formulary decisions are made by Anthem, the plan has pharmacy data for all its members, making it easier for us to keep our physicians informed.

Q: What has your organization done to encourage medication adherence by your members with type 2 diabetes?

Dr Balfour: Our case managers work with high-risk patients in an effort to improve their self-management skills, including adherence to prescribed medication.

In diabetes, we are fortunate to have HbA1c levels as a metric that corresponds to glycemic control, as well as informs the physician on how well the patient has adhered to prescribed therapy during a period of 6 to 8 weeks. If patients are not properly taking their medications during that period, their HbA1c levels will be elevated. As mentioned earlier, we provide our physicians with that information on a regular basis.

We also provide our physicians with patient-level medication refill rate information. However, in diabetes it can be challenging to assess adherence based on refill data, because the majority of patients take multiple drugs, and physicians are frequently switching or adding medications in an effort to maintain glycemic control with oral therapies.

Q: What interventions have been implemented for high-risk patients?

Dr Balfour: We had a program for patients whose HbA1c levels exceeded 9%. We trained all the primary care nurses to instruct patients on how to self-administer insulin, whether it was administered with a pen or a vial and syringe. In addition, the nurses educated patients to be aware about the risk for hypoglycemia. We found this approach to be effective from an educational standpoint, but there are other barriers we face regarding insulin.

Physicians are hesitant to start insulin treatment for multiple reasons. First, patients think they failed in their treatment, and are reaching the end of their chronic disease. Next, many patients are reluctant to administer frequent injections. Furthermore, it takes time to instruct the patient, and there are concerns about the risk for hypoglycemia.

To counter these concerns, we initiated this primary care–based patient-centric program and found it to be helpful in educating our higher-risk patients.

Q: What changes do you expect in managing members with diabetes in the future?

Dr Balfour: I think that cure is the ultimate goal, and there are researchers exploring the possibility of islet-cell transplants and other procedures with curative intent.

In the meantime, the early identification and treatment of diabetes is important. If patients are able to maintain good glycemic control from the outset, it makes a big difference in limiting the complications of diabetes.

Lifestyle changes will also continue to be an important issue. In several sectors, there is a movement to encourage individuals to change their sedentary ways and to reduce obesity; these efforts would help to stem the tide of diabetes we have seen in the past few decades.

For patients with diabetes, I believe that extended-release drugs are going to be very important, because they require less frequent injections compared with short-acting agents. Novel delivery devices are also likely to play an important role. I expect to see more therapeutic innovations that will keep patients from constantly reminding themselves that they have diabetes.


Previously, we have shown that a proportion of the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) synthesized by the macrophage cell line THP‐1 binds to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein to form a reduction‐sensitive heteromer. It was also shown that the hemopexin‐like (PEX) domain and the fibronectin‐like (FnII) module in the enzyme are involved in heteromer formation. In this paper, we show that reduction‐sensitive and SDS‐stable heteromers may be reconstituted in vitro by mixing proMMP‐9 with either serglycin, versican or CSPGs isolated from various monocytic cell lines. In addition, a strong but SDS‐soluble proMMP‐9·CSPG heteromer was formed. The two macromolecules in the SDS‐stable reduction‐sensitive heteromers were not linked together by disulfide bonds. As for the heteromer isolated from THP‐1 cells, in vitro reconstituted SDS‐stable and SDS‐soluble heteromers showed weaker binding to gelatin than the proMMP‐9 monomer. Furthermore, gelatin inhibited in vitro reconstitution of the heteromers, showing that the FnII module is involved in the complex formation. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 was not be detected in the proMMP‐9·CSPG complexes. However, the presence of TIMP‐1 inhibited formation of the SDS‐soluble heteromer, but not the SDS‐stable reduction‐sensitive heteromer. This indicates that different regions in the PEX domain are involved formation of these heteromers.


Effects of acute graded exercise on human colonic motility. Am. J. Physiol. 276 ( Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1221–G1226, 1999.—Whether physical exercise stimulates colonic motility is unclear. Our aim was to determine the immediate effects of graded exercise on colonic motility. Colonic motility was recorded at six sites in 11 untrained subjects, by colonoscopi-cally placing a solid-state probe. Subjects were free to ambulate. The next day, subjects exercised on a bicycle at 25, 50, and 75% of peak oxygen uptake for 15 min, with each followed by a 15-min rest. Motor patterns, motility indexes, and regional variations before, during exercise, during rest, and during postexercise periods were compared. During exercise, there was an intensity-dependent decrease ( P , 0.001) in the number and area under the curve of pressure waves. The incidence of propagated or simultaneous pressure waves and cyclical events also decreased ( P , 0.05). After exercise, the pressure activity reverted to baseline, but the number and amplitude of propagated waves increased ( P , 0.01), whereas the simultaneous waves and cyclical events remained lower. Acute graded exercise decreases colonic phasic activity. This may offer less resistance to colonic flow, whereas the postexercise increase in propagated activity may enhance colonic propulsion. tive channels with a phase lag of , 1 s between channels; and 4 ) cyclic activity defined as a burst of phasic pressure waves at a frequency of 2–4 waves/min that last for at least 3 min (Fig. 2) and occurred in one or more channels. The number of cyclical events and their duration were measured. Statistics . The statistical differences between the exercise and recovery period and between the preexercise, exercise, and postexercise periods for the number of waves, the area under the curve, and mean amplitude were compared by using multifactorial analysis of variance. These data are expressed as means 6 95% confidence interval. The differences in the incidence of wave patterns and the duration of cyclical activity were compared by applying a nonparametric test (Freidman's test). Because the incidence of wave patterns was not normally distributed, the data are expressed as median with the 25th and 75th percentiles.


We demonstrate an all-optical technology to detect payload envelopes of variable length optical packets consisting of 40Gbps RZ payloads and 10Gbps NRZ labels. This envelope signal has 300ps rise time and 30ps timing jitter.


This paper shows a proposal to enhance balanced teamwork through the enrichment of the teaching-learning process with the use of technology, and with the application of agile methodologies, such as Scrum. The focus is that students work in a simulated situation using the Scrum methodology, allowing them to develop communication skills, leadership, mutual support, among others, as well as obtain timely feedback on their performance.


The IAEA is preparing to face up to these problems. At a special meeting of the Board of Governors this April it set up a committee, open to any interested members of the IAEA, to consider them. It is scheduled to start meeting on June 13, and to have its initial report ready by the end of July. The United States has been doing intensive work in preparation for these meetings, where it intends to act as an honest broker, hoping to bring all the different factions together in a way that will provide effective verification of the treaty. The stakes are high, not only because of our considerable political investment in this treaty, but also because of the importance of its effective implementation to reducing the chances of nuclear conflict. So I hope you will join in wishing us luckl


Purpose - – The study aims to analyzes how companies present their actions to give the impression that they are sustainable actors. It identifies the organizational impression management tactics that companies use in sustainability reporting. Design/methodology/approach - – A qualitative template analysis of two sustainability reports was conducted to inductively identify the organizational impression management tactics that companies use in sustainability reporting. Findings - – The study identified eight organizational impression management tactics used in sustainability reporting, four of which relate to how companies present their actions while the remaining four are characteristic of the writing styles that companies use. Research limitations/implications - – The study is exploratory in nature and does not claim to identify all existing impression management tactics. Therefore, future research is needed to confirm the results and identify possible additional tactics. Practical implications - – Companies can use impression management tactics that more strongly aim to shape the impressions that stakeholders hold or tactics that more neutrally inform stakeholders of their actions. Companies need to make a choice between the two, considering that stakeholders' expectations of sustainability reporting would be useful. Originality/value - – The study shows the different ways that companies use impression management in sustainability reporting, thus lending insight into a perspective on sustainability reporting that has rarely been explored in previous research.


Top of reservoir (TOR) determination is one of the resource keys features of the geothermal resource and significantly impacts the well's productivity (Casing Point Determination). It is defined from the conceptual model process and refined by the well temperature data. This paper will describe the geologic controls on the top of reservoir geometries of the Muara Laboh (ML). ML has located in step over-pull apart basins of the Great Sumatra Fault Zone segment. The features then accommodate the emplacement of quaternary to tertiary volcanic and intrusion. The geoscientific data from the existing conceptual model, well cuttings, cores, MeB test, and image log data were combined with the drilling parameter data (mud temperature & mud loses) to characterize the geology of the TOR. Drilling results show that wells in the NE sector have a shallower TOR. The TOR is located near the quaternary Patah Sembilan volcanic unit's contact with the undifferentiated silicic formation. The NE sector TOR corresponds with the change of alteration type from smectite rich argillic zone (<180°C) to the transitional zone (Chlorite, Chlorite-Illite, Chlorite-Smectite formed at 180°C to 240°C). The epidote – chlorite rich propylitic zone (>240°C) identified underlaying the NE reservoir sector's transition zone. MeB Index below 10 seems to be corresponding with the base of conductive of 5 Ohm, and the NE TOR location. The SW sectors TOR sits a deeper elevation (∼300msl), lies within the intercalated dacite-andesite volcanic unit, higher temperature propylitic alteration zone, with epidote, epidote-adularia-quartz, and open space veins were observed below the TOR. Similar to the NE sector, the drop of the MeB index to less than ten, which is also related to the lithology contact, shows the possibility that the TOR has dropped in the SW sector. Below the low MeB zone, calcite infilled the fractures and sometimes encapsulated the pre-existing epidote vein; calcite then decreases with increasing epidote vein and epidote-adularia vein occurrence. The observation then suggests a rapid boiling process in the SW sectors due to the dropping of water levels, allowing the late-stage calcite vein to seal off the permeability within the shallow reservoir and not allowing the circulation of geothermal fluids within the interval.


Methotrexate (MTX) is the preferred first line therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX has several advantages over other treatments including effectiveness and low cost; however, around 40% of patients are classed as non-responders after 6 months (1). Therefore, there is a clinical need to identify patients at high-risk of poor outcomes, such that patients could potentially be fast tracked onto alternative therapies to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life. Such risk stratification is possible through prognostic prediction models, although models which have previously been developed appear to have had little impact on practice. This may be in part due to methodological features of their development and validation but, to date, no review has collated the evidence in this field.This systematic review aimed to (i) identify and summarise multivariable prediction models of MTX treatment outcomes in biologic-naïve adult RA patients, and (ii) critically appraise their methodological properties.The electronic databases Medline and Embase were searched to identify studies developing or validating prediction models of MTX outcomes in the population of interest, including demographic, disease-specific or treatment-related covariates, published after 2005. Models were stratified by outcome definition, and information on participants, predictors, model performance, handling of missing data and model validation were extracted. A risk of bias (ROB) assessment using PROBAST (prediction model risk of bias assessment tool) was carried out. Two reviewers were independently involved in screening, data extraction, and ROB stages.The included studies used three main outcome definitions: a state of disease activity, such as low disease activity or remission; the EULAR response criteria; or discontinuation due to adverse events (AEs). Some studies incorporated AEs into a composite outcome with disease activity and few accounted for potential competing risks, which are events that preclude the occurrence of the primary outcome of interest. Not handling competing risks may result in under-prediction, leading to potentially compromised risk stratification. There was a lack of internal validation using cross sampling techniques, which is critical for reducing overfitting, as well as external validation in new data, a process necessary to ensure reproducibility and generalisability of a prediction model to the larger patient population. Missing data was mostly handled using complete case analysis, leading to potentially biased risk estimates. The ROB assessment showed overall high ROB of the included studies.This systematic review summarises current prediction models of MTX treatment outcomes in RA. It highlights several methodological shortcomings, such as poor handling of missing data and competing risks to the primary outcome, and a lack of internal and external validation. These should be addressed in future model development and validation to improve accuracy of predictions. Without tackling these issues, prediction of MTX treatment outcomes will remain at high risk of bias and should not be recommended for informing risk stratification for RA treatment decisions.[1]Sergeant JC, Hyrich KL, Anderson J, Kopec-Harding K, Hope HF, Symmons DPM, et al. Prediction of primary non-response to methotrexate therapy using demographic, clinical and psychosocial variables: Results from the UK Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study (RAMS). Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):1–11.Celina Gehringer: None declared, Glen Martin: None declared, Kimme Hyrich Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Grant/research support from: BMS and Pfizer, Suzanne Verstappen: None declared, Jamie Sergeant: None declared


Anthropomorphism is omnipresent in marketing. Marketers animate, personify and practice the ―pathetic fallacy‖ with freedom which includes anthropomorphize spokes-character like Tony the Tiger and the esteemed Michelin Man. Moreover, products we maintain have life cycles because many consumers love their brands and form relationship with the brand in a similar way as they form with other people in a society, as well as consumer attributes distinctive personality traits to their brands. Therefore, this study is an attempt to make contribution in the literature of anthropomorphic marketing by exploring various domains where how brand is humanized by marketing practitioner and by consumer's to build strong consumer brand relationship.


"Chopping" is a compositional technique used by many hip-hop producers and other artists working with audio samples. This technique involves separating a sample into smaller segments and re-sequencing them into a new composition. The Chopping Board is a composition and performance tool designed specifically for this technique. It is meant to inject some of the elements of traditional musicianship into sample--based music.


Nonlinear bulk conduction under graded distribution of traps is shown to exhibit well-defined rectification without relying surface barriers [1,2]. This solves a puzzle in the resistance switching that frequently exhibits both unidirectionality (rectification) and bulk-limited conduction characteristics. In addition, it also resolves an old puzzle of nonideal rectifying characteristic showing bulk properties. This paper briefly introduces the theory [1,2] and indicates that a fraction of reported resistance switching phenomena is due to the change of trap distribution. The theory can also be used to identify the ferroelectricity effect on the resistance switching. In addition, the phenomena treated here can be important, because carriers are injected during the polarization switching.


The present article describes the institutional structure and dispute settlement system within the Common Market of the South. It analyses the first arbitral award given by the first ad hoc tribunal established within the Common Market of the South and discusses the award's implications for the Common Market's law and institutions.


In recent years, captioning video contents with text translations is increasingly necessary because of the burgeoning use of media internationally, resulting from the rapid development of communication technology. In addition, within one language, video captioning is very important for hearing‐impaired people. However, the process of captioning videos, including speech and nonspeech decisions, is often done manually by translators at present. Therefore, an efficient automatic end‐point detection of speech for captioning video contents has been proposed. We attempted to detect speech end‐points based on acoustic landmarks that identify times when acoustic changes are prominent in the speech signals [K. N. Stevens, Acoust. Phonetics (1998)]. In this study, landmarks were obtained by combining the mean square for the regression coefficients of logarithmic envelopes of 1/3‐oct bands in time, which resembles the parameter proposed by Furui to measure spectral transition [S. Furui, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80(4), 10...


This research focuses on middle management (so called "funzioni strumentali"), in Italian schools, seen as a transversal role that represent a model of organization anchored to the intermediate roles, that are able to support and drive the complex management of the school system. The school itself is at the same time an independent organization as well as a public service that provides its specific task in order to deliver its educational aim. As results, it is a complex organization composed by many variables and rules, both formal and informal, which create a unique setting of relationship between different professionals who work there. In order to face all the concerns and discussions addressed to the educational system by the organization itself and its users, we should focus on the organization of roles, functions and professionalism that characterizes the school nowadays. Overall, it should be noted that these particular middle managers are qualitative professionals working in schools. In an attempt to clarify the different facets in which are represented, their position seems to slip between staff leadership and extra-disciplinary specializations, leaving a complex interactions system without a clear division of roles and responsibilities. Probably, at an institutional level, the lack of an overall vision of the school system affects the definition of the tasks and responsibilities of these managers, leaving space to interpretation on their actual role. In an attempt to clarify different facets of them, it seems that the role of the instrumental functions differs in various segments of the schooling path. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n2p63