Higher education institutions in most developing African nations have been classroom-based. This practice has been in place for decades in African countries, with many benefits for stakeholders. Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic experiences in the global space brought a new approach to curriculum delivery. Universities in most developed countries have expanded, using various digital technologies for teaching and learning. However, the case was a severe challenge in Africa, where many were cut off from teaching and learning activities for months. The study explored the transition from conventional classroom curriculum delivery to online learning as the only alternative approach during the pandemic. Although online learning encourages self-directed learning in students, the study explains the self-determination theory as it underpins online learning. A content analysis of various literature sources on the phenomenon was employed for this systematic review. Findings revealed that many universities in South Africa encountered severe challenges in fully adopting online classes for curriculum delivery. Teaching and learning activities were grounded for months until the Department of Higher Education and Training compelled all to embrace learning technologies to salvage the academic calendar. Rural-based students were reported to be significantly challenged in accessing online learning activities. affirmExtant literature sources affirmed that higher education institutions were unprepared for the sudden transition from conventional classrooms to online learning. Hence, they needed help to take rapid measures to integrate online learning into the system. Many challenges have been encountered in this technological transformation of the teaching and learning approach; the study, therefore, recommends, among others, adequate provision of learning technologies, provision of intense technical know-how support for lecturers for effective use of online learning.


GEL'S deformity, kyphoscoliosis, various muscle atrophies, neurologic and trophic disturbances, congenital anomalies of the extremities, low insertion of the papilla mammae, heart diseases, deficiency of intellect, deaf-mutism, and a certain difficulty in opening the mouth. Numerous authors have endeavoured to arrive at a correct under standing of the laws which are at the bottom of the appearance and nature of the deformity; several theories with regard to its genesis have been advanced though without greatly increasing our understanding of


Information is presented on climatic conditions in Queensland and how these affect the life of thin bituminous surfacings. The high summer temperatures will cause rapid bitumen hardening through reaction with atmospheric oxygen. The climate in the inland areas is the most severe in its effect on bituminous surfacings since high summer temperatures are combined with low winter temperatures. Embrittlement of bitumen as a result of oxidation and/ or low winter temperatures can lead to surfacing distress in the form of stone loss or cracking. The life of sprayed seals can be extended by the selection of durable bitumens and by applying thick films of binder. In the case of asphaltic concrete, adequate compaction during construction is most important since this reduces the air void content of the layer and prevents the ingress of air which causes bitumen oxidation. Good compaction also helps to prevent rutting at high pavement temperatures. Other measures to reduce rutting are the use of class 320 bitumen and the specification of aggregates with angular shape and rough surface texture. Polymer additives can improve binder properties but should be used with caution at this stage (a).


A new design method based on a folded substrate is proposed in this paper to reduce the thickness of 3-D bandpass frequency-selective structure (FSS). A 67% and 79% thickness reduction compared to the basic 3-D bandpass FSS is achieved by employing three-layer and five-layer folded substrates, respectively. Single- and dual-polarized designs are presented. By integrating one more substrate with a different dielectric constant, dual-band thin structure is achieved. One structure with a five-layer folded substrate is designed, fabricated, and measured using the parallel-plate waveguide measurement setup. It has a center frequency of 3.57 GHz with 26.9% transmission bandwidth. The structure thickness is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.06\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency of the passband. Stable frequency response is achieved under oblique incidence. A good agreement is accomplished between simulated and measured results. Moreover, a semicylindrical radome is constructed based on the thin 3-D FSS and integrated with a broadband horn antenna. The radiation characteristics of the entire antenna-radome system are finally investigated and its good filtering feature is demonstrated. A fabricated prototype of this radome is measured in the presence of a broadband horn antenna.


ABSTRACT In Tai Lake region, rice yield and its benefit responded to nitrogen rate in a convex parabolic curve based on results simulated by ORYZA v3 model, yet the nitrogen loss and its environmental damage responded in a concave parabolic curve. Assuming the partial income equal to the partial loss, optimal nitrogen rate trade-offed the rice productivity and environmental damage (ONREB) were determined under different rice and nitrogen price regimes. ONREB varied within the ranges of 215.4–294.1 kg N ha−1 and 238.1–313.8 kg N ha−1 in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and flooded (FI) paddies. With rice price as 0.385–0.400 US$ kgY −1 and price of nitrogen pollution as 0.308 US$ kgN −1, ONREB was estimated as 289–291 and 310–312 kg N ha−1 in AWD and FI paddies. When nitrogen price increased to 2.462 or 3.077 US$ kgN −1, ONREB will reduce to 247–252 or 236–242 kg N ha−1 in AWD paddies and 269–273 or 259–264 kg N ha−1 in FI paddies. Pricing nitrogen at a relatively high level (by incorporating cost for its environmental damage) or guiding farmers to increase their expected income will be an efficient tool for local government to reduce the nitrogen inputs in rice production.


There is provided an optical fiber receiver for optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs) described with improved sensitivity and improved bandwidth. The improvements are achieved by dividing the photodiode in part photodiodes, each photodiode part is interconnected with a separate transimpedance amplifier and the output signals of the individual transimpedance amplifiers are added in a summing amplifier. The optical fiber receiver can be manufactured with different technologies: CMOS, BiCMOS, BIPOLAR.


Addition of GM3 (10(-7) or 5.10(-5) M) did not affect the specific activity of adenyl and guanyl cyclase in confluent cultures of C6 glioma cells. Higher concentrations inhibit the cyclases.


Subjective visual vertical (SVV) is a vestibular test commonly used in adults that has not been well studied in children. In this test, the patient aligns a projected line with the perceived true vertical. Deviation of >2° is usually associated with utricular dysfunction and may also be seen with central vestibular lesions. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of SVV in children.


The subject of this contribution concerns the evolution of Eco's thought on the problem of the false, from the first writings (in which the sign is just what can be used to lie) to the reflections of the late 1980s on the strength of the false, in a more culturological perspective. The essay will therefore trace an evolution that establishes in Eco's theory a continuity between reflection on falsehood, reflection on falsification and the theory of fiction, while in a second time it will retrace all of Eco's narrative going to highlight how all novels have to do with the false, or at least with the non-verifiability of the true. From this point of view, it will be argued that novels are the best place for Eco to affirm the strength of the false, for the nomothetic power of fictions.


Takayasu arteritis (TA) usually affects women of childbearing age. The maintenance of inactive TA during pregnancy may be important because the frequency of obstetric or/and maternal complications ...


High nitrogen-bearing stainless steels (HNS) of about 1mass% in nitrogen content were joined by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), CO 2 laser welding and plasma arc welding. Because of nitrogen supersaturation at a molten state under 0.1 MPa in nitrogen gas or at a solid state below the solvent temperature range, blowhole formation and nitride precipitation are principal problems in the welding process. Holding the nitrogen content in the molten metal less than the equilibrated nitrogen solubility of the molten metal by using high Cr-Mo steels as welding consumables and controlling the dilution rate was found to be effective at suppressing blowhole formation in the weld metal. The time-temperature-precipitation curves of several HNS were determined, and it was observed that 23Cr-4Ni-2Mo-1N steel aged at the temperature range from 1173 to 1373K for 2 seconds caused critical pitting corrosion temperature (CPT) to drop compared with the parent metal because of Cr 2 N precipitation at the grain boundary. CO 2 laser welding or limited conditioned plasma arc welding could suppress Cr 2 N precipitation. These HNS welded joints showed CPT of 348K in FeCl 3 solution and good crevice corrosion resistance in 308K artificial seawater.


We report the first results of a spectroscopic survey of galaxies in the core of the Shapley Concentration, the richest nearby supercluster of clusters of galaxies. We have measured 311 new galaxy redshifts in an area of ∼ 4.5 square degrees centered around the Abell cluster A3558. Considering also the data already available in the literature, the total number of galaxy redshifts in this area amounts to more than 500. On the basis of these data we estimate the mean velocities and the velocity dispersions of the Abell clusters A3556, A3558 and the poor cluster SC 1329 -314. Finally, from an analysis of the projected and three–dimensional distributions of galaxies in this region, we estimate the galaxy overdensity and find that the core of the Shapley Concentration has an interesting, very complex dynamical state: the main clusters appear to be interacting with each other, forming a single elongated structure containing many subcondensations.


In the June, 1930, issue of Radiology, Harold G. F. Edwards, M.D., of Shreveport, Louisiana, described a very ingenious attachment of a mechanical stage to the old-style Sweet eye localizer, constituting a great improvement in this instrument. I think some one may be interested also in my device, which has been of great aid to me in more accurate eye localization. The main difficulty in getting exact results with the Sweet localizer lies in the inability of the operator to line up the rod, carrying the ball, with the exact horizontal axis of the eyeball. In regular use, the patient is supposed to fix his vision on a distant object with the upper or uninjured eye in order to stabilize the horizontal axis of the injured eye. With the patient's eyes fixed, the operator is then supposed to sight through the two V-slots in order to place the rod of the ball in line with the horizontal axis of the eye. It must be apparent to any one who has used the instrument that, in looking through the sights, the operator's...


This study examined the reliability, validity, and predictive utility of kindergarten screening for risk for math difficulty (MD). Three screening measures, administered in September and May of kindergarten to 196 students, assessed number sense and computational fluency. Conceptual and procedural outcomes were measured at end of first grade, with MD operationalized as below the 16th percentile. The authors compared single-versus multiple-skill screeners, fall versus spring kindergarten screening, and conceptual versus procedural outcomes. Reliability and validity coefficients were adequate. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analyses indicated that the single- and multiple-skill screeners produced good and similar classification accuracy at the fall and spring screening occasions in forecasting conceptual outcome. To forecast procedural outcome, the screeners produced similar but less accurate fits.


A resistive feedback LNA is presented based on a current-reuse transconductance-boosting technique that reduces the power consumption to 12 mW. It has a gain of 21 dB and a noise figure of 2.6 dB at 5 GHz. The LNA achieves an output-IP3 of 12.3 dBm at 5 GHz by reducing loop-gain roll-off and by improving linearity of individual stages. The active die area of 0.012 mm is the lowest reported for an LNA.


1 Mechanical Department, Karpagam University Coimbatore, India 2 Mechanical Department, NSS College of Engineering, Kerala, India Abstract— This paper is to identify the facilitating factors for TFMEA implementation in Indian industries, in order to make them known to the managers of Industries. The findings of this research revealed that success factors for implementing total failure mode and effect analysis in industries are: 1.Top Management commitment,2.Employee involvement, 3.Improving quality, 4.Acheiving positive change, 5.Team work, 6.Systematic decision making, 7.Co-operation among departments, 8.Improving productivity, 9.Promoting export, 10.Fast Response to customer needs, 11. Identifying customer requirement, 12.Quality awareness. In this paper ISM is used for identifying and establishing relationships among facilitators for the implementation of total failure mode and effect analysis technique. The identification of these success factors and awareness of their driving power and dependence power help the managers to focus on them and develop action plans for tackling them. Keywords— Facilitating factor, TFMEA, ISM, MICMAC, Hierarchy


This is a mixed method study that focuses on the impact of social support on clients with high cancer anxiety. The purpose is to investigate the anxiety level, anxious moments, management techniques, and social support among clients with high cancer anxiety. Therefore, the study was conducted at different hospitals where cancer patients are found. Simple random sampling was assigned to a number of 80 cancer patients, interview was conducted, and questionnaire was distributed equally to all patients. The accumulated data were then analyzed; descriptive statistics were used to interpret and evaluate the impact of cancer anxiety on patients, and the important of social support in managing it. The finding indicates that there is a strong link between anxiety and social support, as high cancer anxiety can be managed through social support. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru All rights reserved.


The invention relates to the technical field of railway vehicle marshalling tests, and discloses a vehicle fixing device for a railway vehicle marshalling test. The device comprises a base, a support seat and a loading mechanism, wherein the lower end of the support seat is connected with the base; the loading mechanism comprises a loading screw rod and a screw rod mounting seat; the screw rod mounting seat is arranged at the upper end of the support seat; the loading screw rod be connected with the screw rod mounting seat by screw threads; the front end of the loading screw rod is used for pushing against a vehicle; and the base is used for fixing the vehicle fixing device. The vehicle fixing device pushes against an end beam of the vehicle in a direction of a test stand track, so that the vehicle cannot move, and a longitudinal positioning restriction effect is exerted; and in addition, a force sensor is arranged at the front end of the loading screw rod, so that a force used for pushing against the vehicle can be measured, and an end stress state of the vehicle can be directly monitored and test data can be accurately acquired in a test process.


The paper proposes the notion of the complete configuration of unidirectional actuator system to evaluate the control capability of the actuator system and ascribe it to the existence of positive solutions of linear equations.Several characteristics and the schemes to determine the completeness are also provided.


Biodentine is a calcium-silicate based material that has drawn attention in recent years and has been advocated to be used in various clinical applications, such as root perforations, apexification, resorptions, retrograde fillings, pulp capping procedures, and dentin replacement. There has been considerable research performed on this material since it's launching; however, there is scarce number of review articles that collates information and data obtained from these studies. The purpose of this article was to review the clinical applications and advantages of biodentine in the pediatric dental practice. Electronic search of English scientific papers from 1992 to 2015 was accomplished using Pub Med search engine. The following search terms used were clinical applications, biodentine, pediatric dentistry, children, advantages, dentin substitute, pulp therapy, root filling, and tooth repair. Due to its major advantages and unique features as well as its ability to overcome the disadvantages of other materials, biodentine has great potential to revolutionize the different aspects of managing both primary and permanent in endodontics as well as operative dentistry.


Service track records can help customers and analysts evaluate a company's products as well as its value. The author shows how most corporations can be held accountable for their level of service quality.


ABSTRACT: This study originated from the initial observation in several villages in the area ofthe District of North Ayamaru Maybrat Regency, West Papua Province showed that the success rate ofrural development in this region is still very low terkategori, where most people categorized poor orunderprivileged families. This indication shows that the implementation of rural development has notbeen based on an effective rural development planning. Thus, this study aims to (1) To determine theeffectiveness of rural development planning; (2) To analyze whether the factor of leadership andcultural values also determine the effectiveness of rural development planning; and (3) To measure thesize of the contribution factor of leadership and cultural value to the effectiveness of rural developmentplanning in the District of North Ayamaru Maybrat Regency, West Papua Province.The design used inthis research is the design of diagnostic analytic, by applying descriptive-quantitative method. Samplesdrawn by purposive sampling of respondents as many as 36 employees / service personnel, then spreadQuestionnaire (a questionnaire) and the results are analyzed by applying descriptive statistical analysistechniques and partial regression analysis and multiple regression as well as product momentcorrelation and multiple correlation.The research results presented as follows: (1) The average achievements of the effectiveness ofrural development planning in the District of North Ayamaru Maybrat district is in the category of"low" likely to "moderate". Government leadership and cultural values together (simultaneously)make a positive contribution to the achievement of the effectiveness of rural development planning,particularly in the district of North Ayamaru Maybrat district. (2) Leadership village administrationin the category of "low" tend to "moderate". Partially, the leadership of the village administration haspositive influence on the achievements of the effectiveness of rural development planning, particularlyin the district of North Ayamaru Maybrat district. (3) The value of culture is in the category of "low"likely to "moderate" or sufficient. Partial cultural values or cultural village government organizationspositive effect on the achievements of the effectiveness of rural development planning, particularly inthe district of North Ayamaru Maybrat district. Thus, it can be concluded that the governmentleadership and cultural values is a decisive factor attainment of the effectiveness of rural developmentplanning, particularly in the district of North Ayamaru Maybrat district.It is recommended that theorientation of the leadership of the village administration needs to be improved, in the sense thatshould be oriented towards transformational leadership style that emphasizes aspects of charismatic,creativity and innovation, while value-oriented organizational culture need results, not merely aprocess-oriented.Keywords : Effectiveness Village Development Planning, Leadership, Culture Value


"Little that happened in [Gifford] Pinchots childhood gave a hint of the calling he would follow," M. Nelson McGeary asserted in the prologue to his biography of the dynamic Progressive reformer. "Certainly the climate of his early upbringing encouraged acceptance of things as they were."1 Strictly speaking, McGeary s assertion is true enough. Nowhere in James and Mary Eno Pinchot s voluminous correspondence is there even a hint that they expected their first born to make the mark he did on the United States in the early 20th-century: to become one of the central architects of the conser vation movement while serving as first chief of the Forest Service; to help manage Theodore Roosevelt's Bull Moose campaign; or serve so successfully as a two-time governor of Pennsylvania. For a biographer to have evidence of such aspirations would have been astonishing?even in parents as ambitious for their children as were the Pinchots. Such a lack of documentary evidence thus turns McGeary s claim into one of those tropes that biographers occa sionally employ to gloss over what seems unexplainable. Nonetheless, if it appears odd that Pinchot, who was raised in lavish sur roundings should have matured into someone who apparently was delighted to enter the political arena and there to challenge "things as they were," per haps the problem lies in the biographer's perspective. For the Pinchots were not at all surprised at the thrust and trajectory of their son's career in politics. After all, they helped mold Gifford into the man he would become, and did so with the hope he would act much as had his paternal forbears, none of whom shied away from political engagement. The family's past was prologue.2


In this paper,the setting scheme of the current differential protection based on sampled values using fault component is investigated.The setting schemes of the resistance coefficient and the least trip differential current are discussed in detail.The probable protection setting values for the HV transmission lines are described.It testifies the feasibility for the applications of the protection to the HV transmission lines.


Energy consumption for space heating and air conditioning holds a significant share in the total energy consumption, among them residential and tertiary buildings being on the first places. This strong energetic dissipative character of different elements of the building envelope offers multiple possibilities of intervention aiming to reduce the heat losses. The Romanian requirements concerning the elements evaluating conformity with the Standard C107-2010 and the Order no.2641/2017 are given with a focus on thermal bridges influence aside with a short description of different ways to estimate this influence in EU countries. The paper presents in general, concepts to be used in order to achieve the nZEB standard developed by the Energy Performance of Building Directive having in mind a mitigation of greenhouse gases, GHG emission. In this context, is presented the role of balcony elements as undesirable "heat exchanger" and this thermal bridge is depicted together with some ways to avoid this inconvenience.


The low-temperature corrosion problem of DG240/9.82-Ⅲ1 gas-fired boiler of the Energy Sources and Power Center of Pangang Group is introduced.This problem has been successfully solved now.The improving measures include selection of anti-corrosion scheme,determination of dew point temperature of flue gas,design of air heater system,control scheme of air heater operation.It gives a reference to low-temperature corrosion prevention of gas-fired boiler and oil-fired boiler in industry.


The current study aimed to identify factors associated with postsecondary disengagement for young people with foster care experience using survey data from a cross-sectional sample of foster care alumni scholarship recipients. Bivariate and multivariate analyses revealed several factors that differentiated those who did and did not disengage from college. Recommendations are given for improving service provision for youth transitioning from foster care who are considering pursuing higher education.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of selective attention and contralateral acoustic stimulation on latency of distortion product otoacoustic emissions.

METHOD
Latency of DPOAE was recorded in 30 ears of 15 normal subjects with and without visual attention task, contralateral acoustic stimulation and combination of both forms of stimulus.

RESULT
No significant change was observed in three form of stimulus.

CONCLUSION
The effects of selective attention and contralateral acoustic stimulation on latency of DPOAE have to be further studied.


Objective Spermatogonic during spermatogenesis plays an important role,and purification of spermatogonia is the basis for follow-up research.The study attempts to establish the methods for isolating highly pure populations of spermatogonial from primary cultures of testis cells prepared from 9-to 10-day-old SD rats and find the right culture conditions.Methods The procedure is based on the principle that testicular somatic cells bind tightly to plastic and collagen matrices when cultured in serum-containing medium,whereas spermatogonia do not bind to plastic or collagen when cultured in serum-containing medium.Results 5×105 cells per testis were obtained and the percentage of viable cells was 85% by Trypan blue staining.The percentage of spermatogonial cells expressing C-kit and BCIP/NBT alkaline phosphatase were about 85% and 90% respectively.Conclusion Spermatogonia were isolated using two-step enzymatic digestion,followed by removing contaminated somatic cells by means of plastic dishs coated by Rattail collagen I,and the isolated spermatogonia can be used to male reproductive science research.


Abstract Inherent in the design of a low-beam (passing-beam) headlamp pattern is a trade-off between providing sufficient lighting for the driver using the headlamp and protecting oncoming drivers from glare. To solve this problem, a multi-reflector (MR) headlamp is presented which has a dual focal length parabolic cylinder construction to utilize fully the light emission of the light source. Also, some segments of the MR have a tilted parabolic cylindrical shape, so a sharp diagonal cut-off line can be realized.


Weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) χ is a good candidate for dark matter. In order to calculate the relic abundance of WIMP, the cross section of WIMP annihilation is required. If a boson φ mediates annihilating WIMPs, the cross section can be enhanced. In particular, when the mass of the intermediate particle mφ is much smaller than WIMP mass mχ (i.e. mφ ≪ mχ), the loop correction to the annihilation cross section is enhanced as large as tree level cross section, therefore the loop corrections of all orders should be included in the calculation . Even if the intermediate particle is lighter than WIMP mass (mφ . mχ), the correction is still possible to be enhanced, though it is smaller than the correction in the case of mφ ≪ mχ. In that case, we can treat the correction perturbative, thus including one-loop correction is sufficient. In this work we calculate the one-loop correction to the WIMP annihilation amplitude and cross section. We also calculate the thermally averaged one-loop correction in order to apply our results to the calculation of relic density.


Purpose: We evaluated the change of the ulnar variance (UV) as forearm rotation in patients with ulnocarpal impaction syndrome (UIS). Methods: Twenty patients who suffered from ulnar side pain of the wrist and had abnormal lesions at ulno-basal side of the lunate in the radiologic examinations were included in this study. Their UVs in six wrist position (neutral, supination, pronation, neutral and grip, supination and grip, pronation and grip) were measured by the method of perpendiculars. UVs and the maximum change of UV in patients with UIS were compared with those of control group statistically. Results: There were statistically significant differences in UVs of all forearm rotation and grip status. The maximum change of UV was in supination position to pronation and grip status for all cases. The mean maximum change of UV in patients with UIS was 2.03±1.03 mm, and that of control group was 1.86 ±0.86 mm. But there was no significant difference between them. The ulnar shortening osteotomy was performed for thirteen UIS patients, and one patient with osteoarthritis at distal radio-ulnar joint was operated with Darrach procedure. Six patients underwent conservative treatment. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the maximum change of UV as forearm rotation between UIS patients and control group.


: In this paper, an experimental analysis of grid material for a lead acid battery is presented, where graphene is introduced in lead by using powder metallurgy technique. In proposed composite, the graphene is added to grid material of lead acid battery to increase battery life cycle, performance, charge acceptance rate. Four lead-graphene composite specimen of different composition are developed, for performing the series of tests to analyze charge acceptance rate. of lead acid battery. The graphene and lead are used with different percentage ratios, a good percentage of the graphene is found between the 0.5% to 2.0%. Experimental result shows the effectiveness of composites prepared. The results obtained also compare with the spongy lead which is being normally used in lead acid batteries.


The determination of sulfide with methylene blue is a very practical analysis method.The operation of this method is more strict,the accuracy of test results is affected by many factors.in this paper,these factors were discussed.The main factors were reagents,water samples stored in the process,sample pretreatment,sample analysis in the process and so on.


This interview discusses the definition of national spirit,with its relation to personal identity and local identity,as well as its relation to religion,tradition and globalization,holding that national spirit interacting with actuality is dynamic and rooted in the tradition of national culture.


Action spectra for the inactivation of virus infectivity by u.v. irradiation have shown peaks predominantly at wavelengths from 260 to 265 nm. Such results have been obtained for viruses containing both RNA and DNA: plant viruses, e.g. tobacco mosaic virus (Hollaender & Duggar, 1936; Kleczkowski, 1963), tobacco necrosis virus (Kassanis & Kleczkowski, 1965) and potato virus X (Kleczkowski & Govier, 1969); bacteriophages, e.g. T 1 and T 2 (Zelle & Hollaender, 1954; Fluke, 1956), T4D (Winkler, Johns & Kellenberger, 1962) and M 5 (Franklin, Friedman & Setlow, 1953); and animal viruses, e.g. vaccinia (Rivers & Gates, 1928), Rous sarcoma virus (Sturm, Gates & Murphy, 1932) and influenza virus (Hollaender & Oliphant, 1944; Tamm & Fluke, 1950). Rauth (1965) also compared action spectra for several animal and bacterial viruses.


This study investigated two methods of segmenting text based upon phrase boundaries, in an attempt to make social studies textbooks more readable for elementary school children. A pausal phrase format, a syntactic phrase format, and a standard prose format were administered to 648 grade four and grade seven students. The results indicated that phrasing the passages for the participants improved their reading comprehension approximately one level. That is, poor readers reading phrased passages read as well as average readers normally do, and average readers reading phrased passages read almost as well as good readers normally read. There were no interactions with Text Segmentation, indicating that Text Segmentation is facilitative for all children when reading passages at or above grade level. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effects of teacher assistance on these findings, and the effects of Text Segmentation on reading very easy passages.


The availability of credit, to individual borrowers and to communities, is an integral factor shaping the geography of housing opportunity. Cities are shaped by the housing and borrowing choices of their residents and the attendant mobility -- or lack of mobility -- of families. When lenders deny credit to neighborhoods or borrowers because of race, communities suffer. And when lenders flood these same neighborhoods with subprime or predatory loan products, the communities suffer once again. The economic gains of individuals and of communities in cities over the last several decades are threatened by massive property devaluations, loss of equity, and foreclosures. These losses threaten the ability of families to move to better neighborhoods, the continued sustainability of marginal urban communities, and the general social and economic health of cities burdened by foreclosures, declining revenues, and increased demands for local services.Predatory lending litigation under the Fair Housing Act attacks this new threat faced by individuals, communities, and cities. This litigation also deploys a new weapon: the city as plaintiff. Cities taking proactive steps to address the effects of race and credit on the geography of the city is a promising evolution. Cities have frequently been the target of fair housing lawsuits but also the site for locally based community development efforts. The failures of housing and development policies over the years to effectively grapple with the urban institutional structures created by decades of racial segregation and animus are, in part, a political failure. But the continuing difficulty in reconciling the pernicious structural effects of racial discrimination and segregation with individual and community wealthbuilding strategies also reflects the complexity of the problem. The city as fair-lending plaintiff offers a hope of reconciliation between race and wealth creation.


The article deals with the reflection on the possibility of articulation between educative intentionality and the forms of fictional narrative in television in programming for children. It discusses the classical model of educative program structuring as a function of a didactic intention. The article reexamines the educational model proposed by Sesame Street, created in the USA and analyzes the TV Cultura (Sao Paulo) program Castelo Ra-Tim-Bum, as having surpassed the classical concept. It concludes that it is viable to adopt educative aspects to the television language and narrative.


A +5-V single-power-supply 10-b video BiCMOS sample-and-hold IC is described. Video speed, low power, and 10-b accuracy sample-and-hold operation have been achieved using a complementary connected buffer format sample switch. A high-speed p-n-p transistor used in the sample switch is formed by a combination of n-p-n and PMOS transistors. The sample-and-hold operation is accomplished by feeding back the hold capacitor voltage to the sample switch inputs, so that the inputs transfer symmetrically for the hold capacitor voltage at any input level. The sample-and-hold IC has been implemented in 1.2- mu m BiCMOS technology and evaluated. The following results have been obtained: 185-MHz 3-dB bandwidth at 22-pF hold capacitor, 63-dB signal-to-noise ratio at 8-MHz full-scale input, 20-ns acquisition time at 1-V step input, 15-ns switch setting time, and 0.1% linearity error. Power dissipation is 150 mW. >


This study evaluated the fundamental components of cashew nut as well as the physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition of cashew nut oil extracted by hexane. The results showed that the contents of water, ashes, crude protein and crude fat were 3.3%, 2.1%, 20.0% and 50.1% respectively. The acid value, iodine value and peroxide value of the extracted oil were 1.165 mg KOH/g, 83.03 g/100 g, 0.205 mmol/kg respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that cashew nut oil was rich in oleic acid and linoleic acid, which accounted for 82.9% in total. In addition, the oxidation induction time(OIT) of cashew nut oil was 11.42 h at 120 ℃. Antioxidants could prolong OIT, tertiary butylhydroquinone(TBHQ) was much effective than butyl hydroxy anisd(BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT) and VE.


States Supreme Court has become a central concern of political scientists who are interested in judicial behavior. There is now a substantial body of literature showing that state and federal judges sometimes take advantage of well-established features of the judicial system in order to ignore, evade, or modify significant Supreme Court pronouncements.1 For example, by making crucial findings of fact that may distinguish a case under consideration from a Supreme Court holding or by dismissing Supreme Court language as "mere dicta," lower court judges can reach decisions which are clearly at variance with those announced by the High Court. Thus, the Supreme Court, like any top level policymaker in a large organization, must contend with the problem of lower level officials who disagree with particular policies and who may take steps to have them rendered ineffective.2 This view acknowledges that despite the hierarchical nature of the American judicial system, both state and federal judges have wide latitude in implementing Supreme Court decisions. Although existent research provides considerable insight into the activities of lower courts, very few comparative analyses of state and federal judicial decision making have been performed. As Glendon Schubert pointed out several years ago, ". . .among contemporary political scientists, there is more discussion of the virtue of comparative analysis than there is demonstration of either the theoretical or empirical benefits to be derived from comparative work."3 This state of affairs has permitted several widely held notions about the contrasting behavior of state and federal judges to remain virtually unchallenged. For example, many legal scholars believe that Supreme Court decisions which uphold constitutional claims against the states are likely to be supported more strongly by federal judges than by state


Liver‐intestine cadherin (CDH17) represents a novel type of cadherin within the cadherin superfamily, and is distinguished from other cadherins by its distinct structural and functional features. Our previous studies had identified that increased CDH17 was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CDH17 was associated with proliferation and invasiveness in gastric cancer using recombinant lentivirus‐mediated miRNA targeting to CDH17 both in vitro and in vivo. We also detected the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 with gelatin zymography to explore the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of the CDH17 gene. Our results showed that a well‐differentiated gastric cancer cell line had higher CDH17 expression. Down‐regulation of CDH17 inhibited proliferation, adherence, and invasion of the poorly differentiated BGC823 gastric cancer cells in vitro, and induced cell cycle arrest. The activities of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 were lower in the CDH17‐miRNA‐transfected cells compared to the control cells. Using an in vivo tumor growth assay, we confirmed that CDH17 silencing could obviously slow the growth of gastric cancer derived from BGC823 cells. Taken together, we have demonstrated that CDH17 maybe a positive regulator for proliferative, adhesive, and invasive behaviors of gastric cancer. (Cancer Sci 2010)


A consultant paediatrician who disagreed with the parents of a 12 year old girl with chronic fatigue syndrome about how she should be treated obtained confidential medical information about her without her parents' consent, the General Medical Council heard this week.

The girl's parents told Dr Christopher Cheetham that they no longer wanted him to be involved in her care after a disagreement over her treatment, said David Perry, the GMC's counsel.

But despite assurances from Dr Cheetham and managers of South Buckinghamshire NHS Trust that the parents' wishes would be respected, he continued to interfere, even …


A comparative study of several atrial fibrillation (AF) detection algorithms was done to determine the algorithm best suited for use in real clinical environments to detect AF in ambulatory ECGs. The algorithms that were investigated for this paper are based on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), measures of variance, linear predictive coding, and measurement of approximate entropy (AE). Based on the results from the test data set, the HMM algorithm performed best for this application. In general, there is little difference between the performance of the HMM and AE algorithms. However, the implementation of the HMM algorithm is more computationally efficient. Because of the large amount of data that must be analyzed in ambulatory ECG recordings, the computational efficiency must be considered as an issue of practicality. Review of the data illuminated some of the strengths and weaknesses of the various algorithms. Variance measures performed with either high sensitivity or high positive predictivity, but were not able to achieve a desirable operating point that had both acceptable sensitivity and positive predictivity. Although AE and LPC had acceptable sensitivity and positive predictivity, the HMM performed even better than both of these in terms of overall error rate. It would seem that an observational model such as the HMM, fits the data better than parametric models such as AE and LPC. Finally, as the computing power of medical systems increases, more sophisticated algorithms may be exploited in ways that leads to more accurate computerized ECG interpretation.


Di-hadronic molecules such as di-meson, meson-baryon and di-baryon states are studied in the relativistic confinement model. We have computed the binding energy of the di-hadronic systems like $K-N$, $\Pi-N$, $\rho-N$ etc., as penta-quark states, 2$\pi$, $\rho-\rho$, $K-K^*$, $K^*-K^*$, $D-D^*$ etc. as tetra-quark states and $N-N$, $N-\Delta$, $\Delta-\Delta$ etc. as di-baryonic states using a molecular interaction provided by asymptotic expression of the confined gluon exchange potential. We find the lowest penta-quark state lies in the energy range of 1.180 - 2.247 GeV as predicted by other theoretical models. The exotic states such as $f0 (0.982)$, $h1 (1.170)$, $f0 (1.70)$, $f2 (1.565)$, $f2 (1.95)$, $\psi(4.040)$ etc. are identified as the di-mesonic hadron molecules. The low-lying di-baryon molecular states found to be in the range of 1.990-2.907 GeV with their binding energies lying between 112-120 MeV.


The generalized Maxwell equations with arbitrary gauge parameter are considered in the $11\times 11$-matrix form. The gauge invariance of such a model is broken due to the presence of a scalar field. The canonical and symmetrical Belinfante energy-momentum tensors are found. The dilatation current is obtained and we demonstrate that the theory possesses the dilatation symmetry. The matrix Schr\"{o}dinger form of equations is derived. The non-minimal interaction in curved space-time is introduced and equations are considered in Friedmann - Robertson - Walker background. We obtain some solutions of equations for the vector field.


We retrospectively analyzed our data of all the antenatal patients coming to the OPD of our clinic. Thermal screening of corona was done at the entry point, and pro forma as per the ICMR guidelines was filled. Only patients with a pre-booked appointment were given consultation by the doctor, and only the patient was allowed to enter the clinic. No attendants were allowed to accompany. The patient was examined by the doctor with an N95 mask, head cap, eye shield, face shield, gloves, and long apron. Fetal Doppler probe was sanitized before and after use. Once the consultation was over, the whole clinic was sanitized. This was followed by every patient. Their queries were noted and answered. Their satisfaction score was analyzed on a scale of 0-10. A total of 52 pregnant patients who visited our clinic during this lockdown period of 54 days (from March 24, 2020, to May 17, 2020) were taken in the study. The patients were examined, and all their queries were answered. The patient satisfaction score related to the approach toward attending and examining the patient and replies given by the doctor was evaluated on a scale of 0-10 at the time of exit from the clinic. The score of 7-10 was considered satisfactory, 4-7 was average, and <3 is unsatisfactory. Out of 52 patients, 12 gave score of 10, 13 gave score of 9, 15 gave score of 8, 3 gave score of 7, and 9 patient gave score of 5 which were the lowest score given by the patient. The mean score of 52 patients calculated was 8.13. This score is considered satisfactory.


A core problem in visual object learning is using a finite number of images of a new object to accurately identify that object in future, novel images. One longstanding, conceptual hypothesis asserts that this core problem is solved by adult brains through two connected mechanisms: 1) the re-representation of incoming retinal images as points in a fixed, multidimensional neural space, and 2) the optimization of linear decision boundaries in that space, via simple plasticity rules applied to a single downstream layer. Though this scheme is biologically plausible, the extent to which it explains learning behavior in humans has been unclear – in part because of a historical lack of image-computable models of the putative neural space, and in part because of a lack of measurements of human learning behaviors in difficult, naturalistic settings. Here, we addressed these gaps by 1) drawing from contemporary, image-computable models of the primate ventral visual stream to create a large set of testable learning models (n=2,408 models), and 2) using online psychophysics to measure human learning trajectories over a varied set of tasks involving novel 3D objects (n=371,000 trials), which we then used to develop (and publicly release) empirical benchmarks for comparing learning models to humans. We evaluated each learning model on these benchmarks, and found that learning models that using specific, high-level contemporary representations are surprisingly aligned with human behavior. While no tested model explained the entirety of replicable human behavior, these results establish that rudimentary plasticity rules, when combined with appropriate visual representations, have high explanatory power in predicting human behavior with respect to this core object learning problem. Author Summary A basic conceptual hypothesis for how an adult brain learns to visually identify a new object is: 1) it re-represents images as points in a fixed, multidimensional space, then 2) it learns linear decision boundaries that separate images of a new object from others, using a single layer of plasticity. This hypothesis is considered biologically plausible, but gauging its power to explain human learning behavior has not been straightforward. In part, this is because it is difficult to model how brains re-represent images during object learning. However, ongoing efforts in neuroscience have led to the identification of specific, image-computable models that are at least partially accurate descriptions of the neural representations involved in primate vision. Here, we asked whether any of those representations, when combined them with simple plasticity rules, could make accurate predictions over a large body of human object learning behavioral measurements. We found that specific models could indeed explain a majority of our behavioral measurements, suggesting the rudimentary, biologically-plausible mechanisms considered here may be sufficient to explain a core aspect of human object learning.


The MegaLiner Barrel (MLB) pressure cabin test was part of the Airbus 380 structural fatigue evaluation programme. The test was discontinued after 45,402 simulated flights. Samples were designated for teardown, and the NLR is carrying out teardowns of some GLARE (GLAss REinforced aluminium laminate) panels. The teardowns include Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI), and some fractographic analyses of detected fatigue cracks. This paper presents fractographic results for a GLARE window area.


The growth of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has changed the way of life for many people in the Maldives. Unfortunately, with the benefits also comes the threats. The use of ICT have added new dimensions of threats such as online fraud and forgery, hacking into protected systems and dissemination of pornography. Hence, deterring cybercrime is crucial for the national security of the country. Adoption of an appropriate legislation to protect from abuse of ICTs for criminal purposes should be the highest priority for the legislators, as the speed of advancement of ICTs have challenged many areas of existing legislation. This article studies the legislative approaches used to regulate cybercrime, using the cybercrime offences highlighted in the Cybercrime Convention. The cyber laws of England and Australia are discussed comparatively in order to identify whether the existing law is adequate, needs to be modified or there is a need for new laws to be enacted in the Maldives. This article is divided into five parts. Part one makes a brief introduction to the existing Maldivian regulatory framework. The second part of the article discusses the need for reform in the country and the lacuna in the existing penal legislation. The third part will examine the areas where modification or new laws are required. This will lead to the fourth part of the article which identifies the legislative approaches that needs to be taken in order to regulate cybercrime by relying on the Cybercrime Convention as a guide. Finally, the fifth part of the article concludes by recommending new provisions or modifications whichever is necessary to adequately address the issue of cybercrime.


The connotation,concept and characteristics of the specialized physical training are analyzed when the traditional training theories cannot be satisfied with the present competitive system and the need of high level sportsmen,and the successful experiences of Sun Haiping,coach of Liu Xiang,are also elaborated to provide theoratical basis on the sustainable development of the men's 110m hurdle in China.


Methyl 3 n propylpyrazole 5 carboxylic acid 3 was prepared from 2 pentanone and diethyloxalate as starting materials. The synthetic route reported in literature consists of four steps, i.e. Claisen condensation, cyclization, methylation and hydrolysis. Two new routes with two steps and three steps are interduced. The yields of the three step and two step methods are 27.0% more than that of the four step method.


. The proposed academic paper considers the features of distance learning and interactive methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language, namely the basic concepts, models of learning, the specifics of the practical use of online methods in today's conditions. The purpose of the academic paper was to analyze the specific features of distance learning and interactive methods of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language in a modern educational environment. The content of the concepts of "distance learning" and "interactive teaching methods" has been investigated by the methods of comparative analysis and synthesis; the specifics of distance learning in the modern educational environment have been characterized; the method of classification of interactive teaching methods has been applied in order to identify the most effective ones in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language. In order to optimize distance learning of Ukrainian as a foreign language, a method of creating a virtual learning environment is proposed. The offered model will provide an opportunity to form a flexible structure of the educational environment for learning Ukrainian as a foreign language in different conditions, which will improve the quality of distance learning and guarantee high knowledge of students.


Human perception and motion are continuously influenced by prior experience. However, when humans have to share the same space and time, different previous experience could lead towards opposite percepts and actions, consequently failing in coordination. This study presents a novel experimental setup that aims at exploring the interplay between human perceptual mechanisms and motor strategies during human-robot interaction. To achieve this goal, we developed a complex system to enable the realization of an interactive perceptual task, where the participant has to perceive and estimate temporal durations together with iCub, with the goal of coordinating with the robotic partner. Results show that the experimental setup continuously monitor how participants implement their perceptual and motor behavior during the interaction with a controllable interacting agent. Therefore, it will be possible to produce quantitative models describing the interplay between perceptual and motor adaptation during an interaction.


This study is an analysis of findings in 100 representative children observed in our enuresis clinic. It is an effort to provide successful diagnostic and therapeutic aids. The child who has reached the age of 3 years and has then or at any age thereafter urinary incontinence when asleep, either diurnal or nocturnal or both, we consider to have enuresis. The symptom is often of serious import, and the attitude of assuming that the child "will outgrow it" and that the enuresis needs no treatment if cajolery or threats fail is unjustifiable. Such an attitude is "indicative of superficial understanding of such a complex, deep-rooted instinctually related symptom." 1 The investigation has included the securing of histories, physical and roentgenologic examinations, studies of vesical and neuromuscular function and various degrees of child analysis. The following remarks are concerned with: (1) a resume of the psychosomatic significance and of the types


Leather handle and some factors that affect leather handle were analyzed,some leather handle evaluation methods were introduced,and that the subjective evaluation should be replaced by the objective handle evaluation was indicated in the paper.


Summary The influence of seed set on fruit shape was examined in lopsided 'Granny Smith' apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Variability in seed weight reflected the dynamics of seed development while asymmetrically distributed seed resulted in asymmetrical fruit. A three-order model was developed which predicted the influence of seed weight on fruit sector weight. The growth of a particular sector was principally influenced by the seeds within its locule (first order), less by the seeds in the two flanking locules (second order) and not by the seeds in the two most distant locules of the fruit (third order). The growth behaviour appears to be modular where each carpel exerts a somewhat autonomous effect on fruit growth and, at least partially, develops as a unit. A weakening seed influence with increasing distance from the sector indicates that seeds principally govern fruit development.


The invention discloses a flexible charging station of an electric vehicle. The flexible charging station comprises user-machine interaction interfaces, charging interfaces, power regulators, a power supply bus, a controller and a state-of-charge (SOC) monitoring module. The detecting probe of the SOC monitoring module is integrated with the charging interfaces and is used for detecting the SOC of the battery of the electric vehicle. The user applies a charging mode through user-machine interaction. The user can apply for a quick charging mode and a slow charging mode. According to the flexible charging station of the electric vehicle, the slow charging mode is promoted for reducing the installed capacity of an electric vehicle charging station and reducing an impact to a power grid in charging of the electric vehicle. The controller controls the power regulators according to a detected signal and furthermore controls the charging power of each charging interface, thereby realizing flexible control for charging of the electric vehicle.


Magnetic memory (MRAM) never stops attracting both industry and academy for a wide range of applications. With its non-volatility, high density, ultra-low static power, radiation robustness, and easy integration with CMOS, MRAM is showing a good capability in secure applications. This paper aims at introducing the strong potential of using MRAM for secure devices.


The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction consisting of three elements: piles, raft and soil. In the design of piled rafts, the load shared between the piles and the raft, and the piles are used up to a load level that can be of the same order of magnitude as the bearing capacity of a comparable single pile or even greater. Therefore, the piled raft foundation allows reduction of settlements in a very economic way as compared to traditional foundation concepts. This paper presents experimental study to investigate the behavior of piled raft system in sandy soil. A small scale "prototype" model was tested in a sand box with load applied to the system through a compression machine. The settlement was measured at the center of the raft, strain gages were used to measure the strains and calculate the total load carried by piles. Four configurations of piles (2x1, 3x1, 2x2 and 3x2) were tested in the laboratory, in addition to rafts with different sizes. The effects of pile length, pile diameter, and raft thickness on the load carrying capacity of the piled raft system are included in the load-settlement presentation. It was found that the percentage of the load carried by piles to the total applied load of the groups (2x1, 3x1, 2x2, 3x2) with raft thickness of 5 mm, pile diameter of 9 mm, and pile length of 200 mm was 28% , 38% , 56% , 79% , respectively. The percent of the load carried by piles increases with the increase of number of piles. زئاكر ىلا دنتسملا يريصحلا ساسلأا فرصت ىلع ةيلمع تادهاشم


McDonald et al . (1), identified patients treated for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury from their institutional registry. Measurements to determine anterior tibial translation were performed, as described and validated by Iwaki et al . (2,3), determining the subluxation in the medial and lateral compartments.


From 2004 to 2006,net-cage culture of Siniperca scherzeri experiment was carried out in Guijiang River of Wuzhou,and ship type net-cages were applied to prevent the flood impacting,the feed period of Siniperca scherzeri was about 500 days.The results showed that the total yield of Siniperca scherzeri in two net-cages was up to 476kg,and the yield per cubic meter was 19.8kg,which was 8.8 times increasing,and the culture survival rate was 93.9%.Moreover,the feed coefficient of adult Siniperca scherzeri was 5.2,and the ratio of input and output was 1∶2.05.It indicated that the culture techniques of Siniperca scherzeri in Xijiang River with net-cage was practicable,and it could be extended.


handling graphics within Mathematica and the methods available for exporting them into various formats. In this article we will consider methods for editing and manipulating graphics using software unrelated to Mathematica. The most relevant formats for editing pictures outside of Mathematica are Illustrator 1.1 and the bitmap formats specific to your platform. This discussion will focus on the Macintosh, as it's the most prevalent system in use by publishing professionals. The main Macintosh bitmap formats are PICT and Bitmap PICT, though TIFFs are acceptable as well (just not readily exported out of the Macintosh version of Mathematica). Adobe Illustrator is obviously one of the applications we'll explore for editing pictures, the other is Adobe Photoshop. It's not my intention to endorse exclusively Adobe products; Mathematica happens to support the Illustrator PostScript format and Photoshop is one of the industry's standard desktop bitmap image editors. Some familiarity with these applications on the part of the reader is assumed.


We conducted a transaction log analysis of 51, 473 queries and 18,113 user sessions on Excite--a major Web search engine. The purpose of the study was to examine the use of query reformulation and relevance feedback by Excite users. There has been little research examining how reformulation and relevance feedback is used during Web searching. A total of 985 user search sessions. . .


Penke and Asendorpf (European Journal Of Personality, vol 21, this issue) argue compellingly that research on jealousy would benefit from more direct investigation of cognitive processes, and report on research providing mixed evidence for sex differences in jealousy. We identify three limitations to the empirical approach utilised by Penke and Asendorpf, and highlight novel conceptual and methodological approaches for directly examining the basic cognitive mechanisms associated with jealousy and intrasexual rivalry. Investigating the basic cognition of intrasexual rivalry will help expand the scope of jealousy‐related research. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Despite increases in the high school graduation rate in the United States, large disparities persist for English learners (ELs). These disparities are particularly important given that ELs are the fastest growing segment of the United States public school population. EL youth, though, are not a homogeneous population. Instead, EL youth speak many languages in their homes, have varying levels of English proficiency, and come from a variety of immigration circumstances and socioeconomic statuses. Previous research on EL students has primarily used variable-centered analytic approaches, which are not designed to examine how a constellation of factors function within an individual and differ from each other. Thus, the current study uses latent class analysis (LCA) to provide an example of how a patterned-centered analytic approach can provide insights into differences within the population of EL youth that a variable-centered approach would miss. Using student-level data from the state of Massachusetts that includes a set of academic and demographic variables, we find that ELs vary in their high school graduation rates by identified latent class. We find that there are groups of EL youth graduating at rates above the state average, but that there are also EL groups who are lagging substantially behind their peers. These classes of youth are unevenly distributed across school districts and therefore could provide insights for more targeted interventions. Policy and practice implications are discussed.


Objective To describe consultation practice patterns of a endocrinology chief resident in hospital Methods The pattern and frequency of patient encounters during the Air Force Jeneral Hospital endocrinology residency program for one chief resident were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 1051 new inpatients(608 males,443 females,mean age 56.3 years) were consulted during one year period of endocrinology residency,including emergency consultation for 197 cases(18.7%) and routine consultation for 854 cases(81.3%).The chief resident consulted an average of 20 new patients per week.The most common diagnosis for an emergency consultation was hyperglycemic state and diabetic ketoacidosis(138 cases,70.1% of emergency consultation),characterized by diabetes mellitus with surgery or traumatism,induced by some iatrogenic factors.Totally consultations,diabetes(804 cases,76.5%),hypothyroid disease(173 cases,16.5%),pituitary disease(56 cases,5.3%),adrenal disease(18 cases,1.7%).For consultation on general internal medicine,most cases were concerned best blood sugar control.For consultation on surgery,most cases wer concerned about preoperative evaluations of the chronic endocrinology disorders. Conclusion This should be the first reported summary of all patients one chief resident actually consulted during endocrinology training in China.Consultation is an unique clinic practice and challenge to neurology residents.The patient encounter profile suggests that chief residents should be prepared for the consultation practice.Accumulation of associated data from other residencies and hospitals is necessary and can help residency directors assess and guide the residency program in practice patterns.


This chapter presents some remarks on selected poems that are significant in considering the early history of Daoist verse. It also presents the poem that is probably the most consequential in the Daoist tradition, even though it predates the mid-2nd century AD establishment of formal or institutionalized Daoism. This is the "Yuanyou" ^^ or "Far roaming". It is the earliest substantial poem to be constructed on identifiably Daoist themes and is included in the famous anthology of Yangzi-area songs known as the Chuci , which comprises poems dating from the early 3rd century BC to the early 2nd century AD as edited by the Han-dynasty scholar Wang Yi. Here, however, the chapter concerns with "Far roaming" as a response to the cycles of failure and frustration voiced in "Lisao" than with its foundational role in certain types of later Daoist poetry. Keywords: Daoist poetry; Daoist tradition; far roaming


The main objective of e-learning systems is to improve the student learning performance and satisfaction. This can be achieved by providing a personalized learning experience that identifies and satisfies the individual learner's requirements and abilities. The performance of the e-learning systems can be significantly improved by exploiting dynamic self-learning capabilities that rapidly adapts to prior user interactions within the system and the continuous changes in the environment. In this paper, a dynamic multi-agent system using particle swarm optimization for the e-learning systems is proposed. The system incorporates five agents that take into consideration the variations in the capabilities among the different users. First, the project clustering agent is used to cluster a set of learning resources/projects into similar groups. Second, the student clustering agent (SCA) groups students according to their preferences and abilities. Third, the student-project matching agent is used to map each learner's group to a suitable project or particular learning resources according to specific design criteria. Fourth, the student-student matching agent is designed to perform the efficient mapping between different students. Finally, the dynamic SCA (DSCA) is employed to continuously track and analyze the student's behavior within the system such as changes in knowledge and skill levels. Consequently, the DSCA adapts the e-learning environments to accommodate these variations. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in providing near-optimal solutions in considerably less computational time.


Farmers, grain elevator managers, and food processors often sample grain for insect-damaged kernels and numbers of live adult insects (Yigezu et al. 2010), but these easily obtained measurements of insect levels do not provide reliable estimates of the typically much larger populations of immature insects feeding internally (Perez-Mendoza et al. 2004). If stored products were transparent, sampling of this much larger immature population could enable better estimates of total population levels, earlier detection of internal insect infestations, and improved forecasting of when to aerate, fumigate, or sell for optimum profitability (Adam et al. 2010). Retail store managers could better focus on where and when to conduct sanitation efforts and remove infested stock or spillage (Arbogast et al. 2000). Breeders could screen more quickly for different varieties of grain that were resistant to larvae of different pest species (Devereau et al. 2003).


The application of grid stretching or grid adaptation is generally required in order to optimize the distribution of nodal points for fluid-dynamic simulation. This is necessitated by the presence of disjoint high gradient zones, that represent boundary or free shear layers, reversed flow or vortical flow regions, triple deck structures, etc. A domain decomposition method can be used in conjunction with an adaptive multigrid algorithm to provide an effective methodology for the development of optimal grids. In the present study, the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are approximated with a reduced Navier-Stokes (RNS) system, that represents the lowest-order terms in an asymptotic Re expansion. This system allows for simplified boundary conditions, more generality in the location of the outflow boundary, and ensures mass conservation in all subdomain grid interfaces, as well as at the outflow boundary. The higher-order (NS) diffusion terms are included through a deferred corrector, in selected subdomains, when necessary. Adaptivity in the direction of refinement is achieved by grid splitting or domain decomposition in each level of the multigrid procedure. Normalized truncation error estimates of key derivatives are used to determine the boundaries of these subdomains. The refinement is optimized in two co-ordinate directions independently. Multidirectional adaptivity eliminates the need for grid stretching so that uniform grids are specified in each subdomain. The overall grid consists of multiple domains with different meshes and is, therefore, heavily graded. Results and computational efficiency are discussed for the laminar flow over a finite length plate and for the laminar internal flow in a backward-facing step channel.


On the basis of analyzing the mutual influence and corresponding relationship between electric power steering and active suspension system,a whole integrated vehicle model is built in this paper.In order to solve the proplem of the dynamic uncertainty in the real integrated system,and consider the characteristics of multi-inputs and multi-outputs,the multi-variable integrated control scheme is adopted.Under different conditions,the simulation in a single sub-system and an integrated system is carried out.The results show that adaptive control can solve the model uncertainty and the influence of random disturbance on the system effectively.Integrated control of several controllable sub-systems can compensate the weakness of the control for single sub-system,avoid the mutual disturbance and influence between the controllable sub-systems.Finally,the performance of whole vehicle dynamics can be improved greatly.


" This is most definitely a step to ward the four-day workweek," UAW President Leonard Woodcock told reporters after he had signed the new Ford-Autoworker labor contract early this month. The rele vant section of the agreement pro vides seven extra paid days off for each worker in the third year of the contract, and thus represents only a modest step toward the union's long-desired goal. But in view of the auto industry's reputation as an innovator in labor practices, this contract development presages new interest in the four-day-week.


Immune thrombocytopenia(IT) is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although severe IT (< 20 ×10 9/L) occurs in about 5-10% of patients, usually in the context of active disease, the absence of randomized controlled trials has not allowed the development of evidence-basedguidelinesfor managing this condition.Conventionally, high-doseglucocorticoidsare consideredfirst-line therapy. Adjunctivemedical and surgical treatments for patients with an absent or partial response to glucocorticoids have met with varying degrees of success. We describe an SLE patient with IT refractory to high-dose corticosteroids, pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, whose platelet counts normalized during therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Pending further controlled studies to confirm this observation, we suggest that MMF may be considered as a therapeutic option in the treatment of glucocorticoid-refractory immune thrombocytopenia in SLE.


FOUR YEARS AGO, in the presidential campaign, in major medical journals and medical associations, in the media, and in civic groups, our nation was engaged in a great debate about the best way to provide health insurance coverage to all Americans. By contrast, these debates have been conspicuous by their absence in this election year. The health system reform debate was marked by some controversy about whether there was a health insurance crisis at all.1On one side were those who said that most of the uninsured could get care when they needed it, a view that was expressed in a commentary in theWall Street Journalin 1994 that noted that "these [uninsured] citizens are not denied health care" and only 1 in 5 uninsured (about 3% of the population) cannot obtain affordable insurance.2On the other side were those who claimed that many of the uninsured


N‐Hydroxy‐2‐acetylaminofluorene (N‐OH‐AAF) is the proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the powerful rat liver carcinogen 2‐acetylaminofluorene. In this study, transgenic Big Blue® rats were used to examine the relationship between in vivo mutagenicity and DNA adduct formation by N‐OH‐AAF in the target liver compared with that in nontarget tissues. Male rats were given one, two, or four doses of 25 mg N‐OH‐AAF/kg body weight by i.p. injection at 4‐day intervals, and groups of treated and control rats were euthanized up to 10 weeks after beginning the dosing. Mutant frequencies were measured in the spleen lymphocyte hprt gene, and lacI mutant frequencies were determined in the liver and spleen lymphocytes. At 6 weeks after beginning the dosing, the hprt mutant frequency in spleen lymphocytes from the four‐dose group was 16.5 × 10−6 compared with 3.2 × 10−6 in control animals. Also at 6 weeks, rats given one, two, or four doses of N‐OH‐AAF had lacI mutant frequencies in the liver of 97.6, 155.6, and 406.8 × 10−6, respectively, compared with a control frequency of 25.7 × 10−6; rats given four doses had lacI mutant frequencies in spleen lymphocytes of 55.8 × 10−6 compared with a control frequency of 20.4 × 10−6. Additional rats were evaluated for DNA adduct formation in the liver, spleen lymphocytes, and bone marrow by 32P‐postlabeling. Adduct analysis was conducted 1 day after one, two, and four treatments with N‐OH‐AAF, 5 days after one treatment, and 9 days after two treatments. N‐(Deoxyguanosin‐8‐yl)‐2‐aminofluorene was the major DNA adduct identified in all the tissues examined. Adduct concentrations increased with total dose to maximum values in samples taken 1 day after two doses, and remained essentially the same after four doses. In samples taken after four doses, adduct levels were 103, 28, and 7 fmol/μg of DNA in liver, spleen lymphocytes, and bone marrow, respectively. The results indicate that the extent of both DNA adduct formation and mutant induction correlates with the organ specificity for N‐OH‐AAF carcinogenesis in the rat. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 37:195–202, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract : Effective sampling of pond-dwelling larval stages of the federally-listed flatwoods salamander (Ambystoma cingulatum) requires sufficient knowledge of when larvae are present and how best to sample them. The primary objective of this study was to maximize field sampling efficiency of flatwoods salamanders and minimize the uncertainty associated with declaring absence after repeated non-detects. Our approach was to evaluate sampling method efficiency, the relationship between pond habitat and larvae residency, and the effect of sample design on sampling success. We surveyed salamander larvae and pond habitat at Fort Stewart military installation for three years and at several locations in Florida on a limited basis. Our studies on method effectiveness demonstrated that the most time efficient and cost effective sample method is dipnetting. Larvae were detected at one pond at Fort Stewart in 3 of 4 years of the study, but not at 59 other ponds that were sampled. These detections represent the only observations of successful breeding in a natural wetland in Georgia since 1999. Our inability to find larvae in more than one pond at Fort Stewart confirms what appears, based on historic capture records, to be a significant decline in flatwoods salamander abundance at Fort Stewart. To better predict annual variation in pond residency, we developed a model that uses rainfall data and likely growth rates to predict hatching dates and period of pond residency. With two years of data that likely represent the extremes of pond residency in Georgia we found that date of hatching can occur as early as the first week of January and as late as the first week of March and, that in some years, larvae may be found in the pond as late as the end of May. We recommend that the most opportune time of year to sample flatwoods salamander larvae is during the second and third months after a pond fills to at least half, typically sometime within February to April.


Provided herein are delivery methods of a plant treatment agent to a tissue of a plant, wherein the tissue is contacted with a plant treatment agent and delivery is aided by a centrifugal force applied to the plant. Disclosed herein is the discovery that drastic improvements in treatment delivery occur when plants are centrifuged after being contacted, submerged, unsubmerged, soaked, etc. in a solution containing a plant treatment agent. In one embodiment, haploid plants contacted with a colchicine solution are centrifuged to reveal improved chromosomal doubling rates as compared to control plants.


This paper reports the isothermal differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) method used to study the crystallization kinetics of aluminum fluoride glass. The effective activation energy of crystallization (ΔEa/n) was evaluated from the DSC curves using the Johnson‐Mehl‐Avrami equation. The value of the effective activation energy (Ea/n = 113.3 kJ/mol) found from the isothermal DSC curves was slightly higher than that obtained previously with the non‐isothermal DSC method (ΔEc/n = 108.1 kJ/mol). It turns out that both methods can be used in this case.


Objective:To investigate the expression of IL-27 and LTB4 and its clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer.Method:The expression levels of IL-27 and LTB4 were determined by Immunohistochemical SP method,in 60 cases of non-small cell lung cancer and normal lung tissue.Result:Total positive expression rates of IL-27 and LTB4 were 41.67%,63.33%,the positive rate of various detection indicators between lung cancer and the control group were different(P0.05).The expression of IL-27 and LTB4 were related with the degree of tumor differentiation(P0.05),The expression of IL-27 was related with TNM stage of lung cancer(P0.05),had nothing to do with the pathological type(P0.05).The expression of LTB4 had no means with histological type and TNM stage(P0.05),there was a close correlation between IL-27 and LTB4.Conclusion:The expression levels of IL-27 and LTB4 were closely related to pathogenesis and development in lung cancer.Detection simultaneously,There are important significance for lung cancer clinic diagnosis and assessment of the degree of malignancy and prognosis.


Path probability prediction is essential to describe the dynamic birth and death of propagation paths, and build the accurate channel model for air-to-ground (A2G) communications. The occurrence probability of each path is complex and time variant due to fast changeable altitudes of unmanned aerial vehicles and scattering environments. Considering the A2G channels under urban scenarios, this article presents three novel stochastic probability models for the Line-of-Sight (LoS) path, ground specular (GS) path, and building scattering (BS) path, respectively. By analyzing the geometric stochastic information of 3-D scattering environments, the proposed models are derived with respect to the width, height, and distribution of buildings. The effect of the Fresnel zone and altitudes of transceivers are also taken into account. Simulation results show that the proposed LoS path probability model has good performance at different frequencies and altitudes and is also consistent with existing models at the low or high altitude. Moreover, the proposed LoS and non-LoS path probability models show good agreement with the ray-tracing (RT) simulation method.


Three‐dimensional domain swapping has been implicated in a wide range of functions including evolution of quaternary structure, activity regulation, and protein aggregation and amyloid formation. While the structural consequences of domain swapping have been well documented, little is understood about the specific structural and energetic features that cause this unique folding phenomenon to occur. An increased frequency of proline residues has been observed in hinge regions preceding swapped structural units, implying that the cis‐trans isomerization of proline may play an important role in domain swapping. For example, a trans proline may help extend the swapped arm, making it more accessible for exchange, while a cis‐proline may act as a conformational gatekeeper to prevent domain swapping by biasing the swapped arm towards contacts with the core of its own monomeric unit. Using RNase A as a model system, we have examined the role of a hinge region proline that undergoes cis to trans isomerization as the protein forms a domain‐swapped dimer. Results suggest that replacing the cis‐proline in the hinge region with a residue that energetically favors a trans configuration dramatically increases the ability of RNase A to form domain‐swapped dimers under physiological conditions.


OBJECTIVE: To collect prospectively safety and efficacy outcomes in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients switching from natalizumab (NTZ) to fingolimod (FTY) therapy. BACKGROUND: Switching from NTZ to FTY can be considered as an option regarding tolerance, efficacy, or risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) under NTZ. Depending on patients or neurologists, a switch can be proposed either after two years of NTZ infusions or earlier in case of adverse events. However, safety of such strategies haven9t been evaluated. DESIGN/METHODS: This is a French observational multicentric study. Patients for which a switching strategy from NTZ to FTY was planned were prospectively included. Demographical data, clinical data about NTZ treatment period, duration and management of washout period (WP), relapses during WP and after initiation of FTY were anonymously collected. RESULTS: 36 centers treating 4500 patients with NTZ participated. 177 patients switched to FTY after an average of 36 infusions (F/M sex ratio: 2.5; age 40y; EDSS 3.6). 72% were seropositive for JC virus and 50% were classified in the highest risk category for developing PML. EDSS score remained stable under treatment. During the WP, 55% patients did not receive any treatment and 45% received sequential methylprednisolone infusions. 65% presented a relapse. The only predictive factor was the duration of the WP (p=0.002). At the initiation of FTY, EDSS had slightly but significantly worsened (3.7; p=0.004). 33% of patients who received FTY for more than 6 months presented at least one relapse. 3.3% stopped FTY for efficacy or tolerance issues. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, switching from NTZ to FTY is not safe enough to be considered as a routine option in treatment strategy. Use of immunomodulatory drugs didn9t prevent the risk of relapse during WP. No predictive factor of relapse under FTY have been identified yet in this cohort. Supported by: The ENIGM (Enquete Nationale concernant l9Introduction du finGolimod en relais au natalizuMab) study was conducted on behalf the Club Francophone de la Sclerose en Plaques (CFSEP). Disclosure: Dr. Cohen has received personal compensation for activities with Schering, Biogen Idec, Serono, Inc., Teva Neuroscience, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Novartis. Dr. Maillart has nothing to disclose. Dr. Papeix has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi and Teva Pharma, Almirall, Roche, Genzyme as consultant. Dr. Vukusic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brassat has received personal compensation from Schering, Biogen Idec, Serono and Sanofi for speaking in symposia. Dr. De Seze has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc., Almirall, Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation, LFB, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Tourbah has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Neuroscience, and Biogen Idec. Dr. Wiertlewski has nothing to disclose. D. Laplaud has received personal compensation for consulting and lecture fees from Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Novartis and Teva Pharma. Dr. Courtois has nothing to disclose. Dr. Derouiche has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chambaud has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boulay has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brochet has received personal compensation from BayerHealthcare, Novartis Pharma, Merck-Serono and Biogen-Idec. Dr. Brochet received personal compensation for serving as associate editor for a journal published by LEN (publisher). This journal is supported by Biogen-Idec. ....Dr. Brochet has received research support from Merck-Serono, Biogen-Idec and Bayer Healthcare. Dr. Debouverie has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Bayer, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceutials, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Casez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heinzlef has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouallet has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Stankoff has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Neuroscience, Biogen Idec, Bayer, Merck Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Castelnovo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Le Page has nothing to disclose. Dr. Defer has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Merck Serono, Guerbet, and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Derache has received personal compensation for activities with Merck Serono, Biogen Idec and Novartis as a speaker. Dr. Anne has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rumbach has nothing to disclose. Dr. Camdessanche has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kopf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fleury has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering, Teva Neuroscience, Merck & Co., Inc., and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Malikova has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pelletier has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, and Genzyme. Dr Pelletier has received research support from Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, BMS, GSK, Merck Serono, Novartis, Peptimmune, Roche, Sanofi, Teva and Wyeth. Dr. Al Khedr has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zaenker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Edan has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, BENEFIT, and LFB. Dr. Edan has received research support from Bayer and Serono, Inc. Dr. Moreau has received research support from Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Neuroscience, Bayer, Merck Serono, and Novartis. Dr. Fromont has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rico has nothing to disclose. Dr. Blanc has received personal compensation for activities with BIOGEN IDEC, NOVARTIS, JANSSENS-CILAG and EISAI, BAYER SCHERING PHARMA, TEVA, MERCK, SANOFI. Dr. Collongues has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Bayer Schering, Teva Neuroscience, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Novartis. Dr. Barth has nothing to disclose. Dr. Louiset has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pittion has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clavelou has received personal compensation for activities with Schering, Biogen Idec, Serono, Inc., and Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as a speaker. Dr. Taithe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vermersch has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bayer, Novartis, Merck Serono, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc., and Almirall. Dr. Vermersch has received research support from Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Bayer, and Merck Serono. Dr. Zephir has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Merck Serono, Teva Neuroscience, Sanofi-Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Novartis as a consultant. Dr. Creange has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gout has received personal compensation for activities with Teva Pharma, Biogen Idec, Bayer-Schering Pharma, Merk-Serono and Novartis. Dr. Guennoc has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coustans has nothing to disclose. Dr. Taurin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lallement has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rouhart has nothing to disclose. Dr. Camu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thouvenot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Labauge has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dive has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seeldrayers has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lebrun has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Schering, Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Genzyme, Almirall, Allergan, Inc., Novartis, and Sanofi as a speaker. Dr. Lebrun has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity from Elsevier.


Summary data from recent epidemiological studies provide overwhelming evidence that areca nut is the main aetiological factor for OSF. Commercially freeze dried products such as pan masala, Guthka and mawa have high concentrates of areca nut per chew and appear to cause OSF more rapidly than by self prepared conventional betel quid that contain smaller amounts of areca nut. It is logical to hypothesize that the increased collagen synthesis or reduced collagen degradation as possible mechanisms in the development of the disease. These chemicals appear to interfere with the molecular processes of deposition and/or degradation of extracellular matrix molecules such as collagen. In vitro studies on human fibroblasts using areca extracts or chemically purified arecoline support the theory of fibroblastic proliferation and increased collagen formation that is also demonstrable histologically in human OSF tissues. The copper content of areca nut is high and the possible role of copper as a mediator of fibrosis is supported by the demonstration of up regulation of lysyl oxidase in OSF biopsies. It has been postulated that areca nut may also induce the development of the disease by increased levels of cytokines in the lamina propria. Current evidence implicates collagen-related genes in the susceptibility and pathogenesis of OSF. The individual mechanisms operating at various stages of the disease– initial, intermediate and advanced–need further study in order to propose appropriate therapeutic interventions.


Objective: It is well known that the period after discharge from the hospital is very important for a patient with heart failure. For to achieve the desired result, improve the quality of life, reduce the number of repeated hospitalizations, increase life expectancy, it is necessary to coordinate all parts of the healthcare system. The purpose of the study: to find out the level of involvement of medical workers of various parts of the health care system in the treatment of patients with heart failure. Design and method: 91 patient, 61male, 30 women,mean age 59, years, 31-84, mean hospitalization rate mean 4 times, 1-10+, represented, 33,7%, sample of 271 patients with heart failure hospitalized at Research Institute of Cardiology, Baku, Azerbaijan in 11 june-18 august 2022 represented study population. Patient-hospital-ambulatory interaction related questionnaire,15questions, table 1, and Voils patient adherence to medications questionnaire, 3main+18 detailed question, were used. Results: 74,7% noticed that after discharge they being in touch with hospital cardiologist,73,4% being in touch no later than 1 time in a 3 month,mainly once a month, 54% of patients recognized hospital cardiologist as –my doctor,44% offered to the hospital cardiologist during post-discharge period this percentage increase to 52%patients when their condition worsens. Only 23% of patients offered to polyclinic in the period after discharge, drive by patients with heart failure and Type 2 Diabetes. 12% of patients noticed that they offer to the hospital cardiologist and polyclinic doctor.73% noticed that have no contacts with polyclinic medical workers, neither cardiologist or general practice. 79% of patients noticed high adherence to medication. Cardiologists weak adherence related to the list and dosages of medications recommended in modern guidelines has been observed. table 2. Conclusions: It is necessary to organize optimal medical care for the heart failure patients and to work measures for effective interaction of all chains of medical system.


Abstract Measurements were made of suspended sediment (SS), volatile suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, turbidity, black disk visibility, pH, alkalinity, and temperature, at monthly intervals for 2–5 years on nine streams draining catchments with pasture, pine plantation, and native forest land uses. Stream flow and flow‐weighted concentrations of SS, N, and P were also measured for up to 2 years from pasture, native forest, and mixed land‐use catchments enabling calculation of export (kg ha‐1 yr‐1). During 1996–97, export from the pasture stream was 2.5‐ to 7‐fold higher for SS (988), total P (1.50), total Kjeldahl N (5.65), nitrate N (4.37), and ammoniacal N (0.34) than from the stream draining native forest. In contrast, export of DOC (25.5) and dissolved reactive P (DRP) (0.25) from the pasture stream were within 20% of the native stream's values. Export of SS and nutrients (except DRP) from the pasture catchment was 4‐ to 15‐fold higher during the winters of 1995 and 1996 than winter 1997 when rainfall was half the normal level. Streams draining native forest had lower temperature, sediment, and nutrient concentrations (except DRP), and higher water clarity, than those draining pine forest and pasture. A pine/scrub stream had the highest SS and turbidity and lowest DRP, pH, and alkalinity. Pasture streams had the highest concentrations of all N species (geometric means 2‐to 4‐fold > native), total P, and DOC, and also showed the greatest variation in water quality attributes in relation to season and flow. The influences of land use were attributable to differences in both source materials of sediment and nutrients available for transport and changes in rates of in‐stream processing.


A dynamic model of the horizontal centrifuge screw rotary drum system is found by Pro/E based on the actual mechanical characteristics.The vibration frequency,deformation of screw and drum are analyzed with finite element software ANSYS,and the results indicated that Pro/E ANSYS Lanczos method for analysis of rotary drum system is an applicable measurement.For the screw,the maximum deformation at the connect zone is between cylinder and cone at first and second fixed frequency,but the drum is not same as screw,its maximum deformation located big zone part and small part respectively.


Objective To investigate the changes of panel reaction antibody (PRA) and the effects of HLA sensitized paths in patients waiting for renal transplantation.Methods PRA of 10 555 samples from 8926 renal transplant recipients in 51 transplant centers was analyzed.In 1991-1998 group,PRA was by using NIH-CDC technique,and in 1999-2010 group,PRA was detected by using ELISA.The effects of blood transfusion,pregnancy and transplantation on the PRA positive rate were analyzed.Results There were 1324 recipients positive for PRA in 8926 (14.83 % ).The average PRA positive rate in 1991 1998 group and 1999-2010 group was 18.17% (513/2823) and 13.29% (811/6103) repectively (P<0.01).Among 1324 PRA positive recipients,the number of recipients with PRA of 1%-30% and PRA of ≥30% respectively accounted for 71.83% and 28.17%.There were statistically significant differences in the PRA positive rate between the recipients receiving blood transfusion and those without blood transfusion (31.77% vs 1.21%,P < 0.01 ),between the recipients having pregnancy history and those without pregnancy history (24.64% vs 7.19%,P< 0.01 ),and between primary transplant and re-transplant recipients (13.35 % vs 40.62%,P<0.01).Conclusion In last 20 years, PRA in majority of PRA positive recipients was < 30% (low sensitized).Renal transplantation and blood transfusion were the important influencing factors that led to positive PRA,and pregnancy history was a related factor.

Key words:
Kidney transplantation; Panel reaction antibody;  HLA antigens


Native flowering forbs plantings have been found to support diverse arthropod communities by providing year-round forage and refuge from prey and chemical pollutants. Typically, pollinator habitats are planted from seeds; however, poor establishment and weed pressure often result in limited success of the planting. In this study, we evaluated two bed preparation techniques, a glyphosate treatment with no tillage and tillage with soil fumigant (dazomet) to determine their impact on herbaceous perennial transplants establishment, weed control, and arthropod presence. Our results suggest that forbs grown in beds that are tilled and treated with dazomet exhibit greater growth, produce more blooms, and experience reduced weed pressure compared to plants grown in untilled beds treated with glyphosate. We also found that the bed preparation method had no effect on arthropod activity, despite higher bloom counts in plants grown in beds prepared with tillage and dazomet applications. This research indicates that of the fifteen native flowering forbs examined in this study, a majority attracted abundant and diverse insect populations, despite variations in plant growth and bloom counts due to bed preparation treatments.