BACKGROUND: The endothelial glycocalyx, a carbohydrate-rich layer coating all endothelial surfaces, plays a fundamental role in the function of microcirculation. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using dexamethasone and albumin to protect the endothelial glycocalyx in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included efficacy and safety. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, blinded end point, phase 2, randomized trial. Patients undergoing colorectal, pancreas, or liver surgery were recruited and randomized to receive either intravenous dexamethasone (16 mg) and 20% albumin (100 mL) at induction of anesthesia, then 200 mL of 20% albumin with each subsequent 1000 mL of crystalloid administered (dexamethasone and albumin [Dex-Alb] group), or crystalloid fluid only with no dexamethasone (control group). Feasibility end points included patient recruitment and retention, consent rate, and successful study drug administration. The primary efficacy end point was the measurement of plasma syndecan-1 level on postoperative day (POD) 1, and secondary end points were heparan sulfate levels and inflammatory markers measured at 4 perioperative timepoints. Safety end points included errors in administration of the intervention, hyperglycemia, occurrence of postoperative complications, and patient retention. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were randomized. All feasibility end points were achievable. There were no statistically significant differences observed in median (interquartile range) syndecan-1 levels on POD 1 (39 ng·mL−1 [20–97] in the Dex-Alb group versus 41 ng·mL−1 [19–84] in the control group; difference in medians −2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI], −13 to 8.6; P = .69). The Dex-Alb group had lower POD 1 heparan sulfate levels (319 ng·mL−1 [161–717] in the Dex-Alb group versus 1422 [670–2430] ng·mL−1 in the control group; difference in medians −1085, 95% CI, −1779 to −391) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on POD 1 (48 [29–77] mg·L−1 in the Dex-Alb group versus 85 mg·L−1 [49–133] in the control group; difference in medians −48, 95% CI, −75 to −21). Fewer patients had one or more postoperative complication in the Dex-Alb group than in the control group (6 [17%] vs 18 patients [50%]; odds ratio = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.06–0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous dexamethasone and albumin administration was feasible but did not reduce syndecan-1 on POD 1 in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Given the clinically important CIs observed between the groups for heparan sulfate, CRP, and postoperative complications, a larger trial assessing the associations between dexamethasone and albumin administration and these outcomes is warranted.


This review paper gives an outline of the recent research progress and challenges of 2D TMDs material MoS2 based device, that leads to an interesting path towards approaching the electronic applications due to its sizeable band gap. This review presents the improvement of MoS2 material as an alternate to a silicon channel in a transistor with its excellent energy band gap, thermal conductivity, and exclusive physical properties that are expected to draw attention to focusing on semiconducting devices for most futuristic applications. We discuss the band structure of MoS2 for a different number of layers with its structure, and various synthesis techniques of the MoS2 layer are also reviewed. The MoS2 based field effect transistor has attracted a great deal of attention due to its excellent properties such as mobility, on/off current ratio, and maximum on-current of the devices. The transition of mobility as a function of temperature and thickness dependence are also discussed. However, the mobility of MoS2 material is large in bulk form and lower in monolayer form. The use of a high-k gate dielectric in MoS2 FET is used to enhance the mobility of the device. Different metal contact engineering and different doping techniques were deployed to achieve low contact resistance. This review paper focuses on various aspects of layered TMDs material MoS2 based field effect transistors.


Subtitle: Alcoholism among flight crewmembers is rare but does exist. Afflicted pilots can turn to programs designed to help them stop drinking and keep their jobs.


In this paper, a simple semi-empirical formula is proposed for angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides [Formula: see text]. This formula produces angular momentum-dependent fission barriers with the simple inputs of atomic number (Z), mass number (A) and angular momentum ([Formula: see text]). The fission barriers produced by the present formula are compared with that of experiments and other models. There is a good agreement between the present formula and experiments. The present formula could be used to evaluate the angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides.


One of the most important drawbacks limiting the application of MoS2 nanotubes (NTs) as an oil additive is their temperature sensitivity. Recent studies showed that MoS2 NTs can be substituted by MoO3 NTs in conjunction with S-containing lubricants by exploiting a novel approach of in-situ tribochemical sulphurization. The objective of this work was to investigate the temperature influence on tribological properties of innovative lubricant additives in the form of MoS2 and MoO3 NTs. The NTs were mixed in base oil with and without the presence of S-containing additives. The tribological performance was investigated using a SRV reciprocating sliding testing machine in a steel ball on a steel disc configuration under temperature ramping conditions. The results showed very positive synergy between the traditional anti-wear additive and the innovative MoO3 and MoS2 NTs, causing superb tribological performance up to temperatures of 200 °C. The presented findings show that the in-situ sulphurization of MoO3 NTs was promoted by using the traditional zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates (ZDDP) anti-wear additive, which ensured the stability of this additive combination at severe oil temperature and tribotest conditions. The tribochemically formed tribofilm derived from ZDDP and in-situ sulphurized MoO3 was much thicker compared to other lubricating blends investigated in our research so far.


A strategy for higher education has to begin and end with quality of higher education process itself, because this is the first and main criterion by which we may or may not be included in the world university rankings. The strategy started with quantitative parameters and so will end in this way - with quantitative results, numerous changes in law, etc. Defining the main national priorities is perhaps the most essential action in creating a document of this nature and there is no way to organize the priorities of any system, even if it is the most important for our society. The purpose of this publication is to examine the challenges the new Strategy for Higher Education for 2021-2030 in Bulgaria is facing.


The rock mass characteristics in Donglushan Mount section, including cause of formation, structure, physical and mechanical characteristics are stidoed. Then it shows that the kind of rock mass can be regarded as homogeneous, elastic and anisotropic from its distortion shape. According to the main characteristics of its structure, spatial attitute, original structural plane, the engineering geological petrofabric and structure types to the rock mass of Donglushan Mount high Slope section are classicified and discussed. On the basis of the above work, the geolgical model of the rock mass has been builded.


Aim. To analyze a novel plant species as a host for obtaining recombinant proteins via transient gene expression. Methods. Agrobacterium -mediated transient gene expression, protein analysis, statistical data processing. Results. N. cavicola plants demonstrate good biotechnological characteristics; they are susceptible to agrobacterial infection and plant viruses. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and human interferon alpha were produced in N. cavicola after transient gene expression using two different vector systems. The level of recombinant proteins de-pended on the gene and the system used. GFP content reached 6.0 % and 12.6 % TSP (0.44 mg/g FW). The interferon antiviral activity of the leaf extracts was 840 IU/g FW and 1710 IU/g FW. Conclusion. Here we propose N. cavicola species as a novel host for obtaining recombinant proteins which can be used as an alternative to the N. benthamiana host.


The epidemiology, manifestations, and course of Parkinson's disease (PD) may differ in men and women. Assessments of severity of the illness and quality of life (QoL), and the burden on their caregivers (CG) may change as the disease advances. We determined gender differences in assessment by patients with PD themselves and by their CGs.


The Meng'entaolegai Ag-Pb-Zn-In polymetal deposit is located in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia and occurs as a hydrothermal vein deposit within a Hercynian acidic magmatic massif. More than 40 orebodies are distributed in an area measuring 6 km in length from east to west and 200 m to 1000 m in width from south to north. The ore-forming temperatures tend to decrease from west to east. The useful constituents of the deposit are dominated by Pb and Zn, associated with Ag, Sn, In and Ga, of which Ag accounts for 2000 t; Sn, 2000 t; and Ga, 100 t, constituting a typical polymetal deposit. A part of Ag occurs as silver minrals, and the rest of it is present in galena and sphalerite. In addition to cassiterite and stannite, galena also contains a high amount of tin. In and Ga are present largely in sphalerite. The ore contains 82×10~(-6) to 516×10~(-6) Ag, 94×10~(-6) to 1430×10~(-6) Cd, 12×10~(-6) to 295×10~(-6) In and 3×10~(-6) to 82×10~(-6) Ga; galena contains 1580×10~(-6) to 4995×10~(-6) Ag, 735×10~(-6) to 2785×10~(-6) Sn, and is extremely low in In and Ga; sphalerite contains 280×10~(-6) to 2,030×10~(-6) Ag, 0.18% to 0.44% Cd, 85×10~(-6) to 2260×10~(-6) In and 11×10~(-6) to 155×10~(-6) Ga. From west to east the contents of Sn and In tend to decrease while those of Ag and Ga tend to increase. This variation trend is in consistency with the decrease of ore-forming temperature from west to east.


The traditional TTI-Ro method uses virtinite reflectance as the indicator of the organic matter maturity, and then makes it a dominant parameter during the simulation of organic matter hydrocarbon generation history. However, this method only takes virtinite reflectance as a function of time and temperature, but ignores not only the influence of pressure and catalyst, but also the follow-up generation contradiction. Actually, this method is difficult to correctly describe the organic matter hydrocarbon generation history. By a variety of analysis and comparison, hydrogen index (IH) is found to be the parameter with the above characteristics. IH is also the synthetical effect result of time, temperature, pressure and catalyst and their dynamic change. So it is appropriate to use IH, instead of Ro, as the dominant parameter during the hydrocarbon generation history of organic matter. Then it is possible to establish a method on the basis of the hydrogen index to calculate the hydrocarbon generation history – the comprehensive simulation method of time, temperature, pressure, catalyst and index, called TTPCI-IH method. And it is successfully applied in hydrocarbon generation history simulation. The actual simulation results in Shengli oilfield show that TTPCI-IH method is obviously better than TTI-Ro method.


Abstract Growing migrant worker remittances are regarded as an important and more reliable source of capital to finance development in South and Southeast Asia than international aid and foreign direct investment. International financial institutions (IFIs) have proselytized based on this promise and have represented the feminization of labor migration as injecting more momentum into developmental potential. Many Asian governments have been won over by this promise, establishing labor-export policies to generate overseas earnings. This promise has also colored feminist interventions, especially within international agencies focused on migrant women workers' rights, which emphasize the need to redress labor market disadvantage for migrant domestic workers in particular. Insofar as labor-export programs are based on temporary migration, this study argues that the focus of support for migrant women workers fails to address the systemic disadvantage associated with temporariness.


New series of thiazolopyranes 4, 5, 7-10, 14, 18-20 and thiazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives 6, 11, 12, 13, 15-17 bearing a sulfonamide moiety were synthesized. The structures design of these compounds complies with general pharmacophore of the sulfonamide compounds that act as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor this play a role in their anticancer activity. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was established by microanalysis IR, H^1NMR and mass spectral data. All new synthesized compounds showed considerable cytotoxic activity against breast carcinoma cell line [MCF7] compared with doxorubicin as positive control. This compounds act as radiosensitizer upon combination with γ-radiation.


The Asia-Pacific state system is in the process of being developed and consolidated. As far as China in this region there are expectations that reforms will continue with intermittent periods of advances and retreats. It is most likely that a mixture of traditional elements of socialist characteristics and special Chinese innovations will prevail. The political reforms in this post Mao era have disengaged the communist party and state bureaucracy from detailed management of the economy and allowed moderation of the legal system. It is unlikely any major step from authoritarianism to democracy would take place in the near future. Economic reforms are much more promising with the creation of regulated markets and private and collective ownership. Political reform will consist of a somewhat more free press some active interest groups more elections to higher levels of the peoples congress a more active legislative process advances in the legal system democracy in the party and a more rational administrative system. Reproduction is the one aspect of life that has become more restrictive and the government has purchased family planning with other freedoms. The economic program failure could be the undoing of the fertility control programs on which so much else depends. China will depend on external supplies of resources but can improve its resource position by more production delivery and efficient use of mineral and energy resources.


Summary The effect of the intermediate fertility variables on marital fertility in Kenya is examined using Bongaarts' model on group data from the Kenya Fertility Survey 1977/78. The findings suggest that variations in the proportion married among the population, level of contraceptive use and post-partum lactational infecundability can account for much but not all of the observed marital fertility differentials. Modernization through education and urbanization has had offsetting effects on fertility, by reducing lactation and increasing contraception. However, the proportion using contraception, limited mainly to those with secondary and higher education or metropolitan residence, is too small to have an appreciable impact on the overall level of fertility. The low level of marital fertility observed particularly among the metropolitan, coast and Muslim categories of population may be attributed to the prevalence of venereal diseases and unreported contraception and induced abortion.


The aim of the present work is to optimized the annealing parameter in both front and back screen printed contacts realization on p-type multicrystalline silicon and with phosphorus diffused. The RTA treatments were carried out at various temperatures from 600 to 850℃ and annealing time ranging from 3 min to 5 min in air, O₂ and N₂ ambiance. The contacts parameters are obtained according to Transmission Line Model measurements. A good RTA cycle is obtained with a temperature plateau of 700℃ - 750℃ and annealing ambiance of air. Several processing parameters required for good cell efficiency are discussed with an emphasis placed on the critical role of the glass frit in the aluminum paste. A anamolus behaviour of Aluminum n-doping on p-type Si wafer, contact at high temperature have also been studied.


In this issue of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Fernandez et al investigate the role of maternal night shift work in occurrence of urogenital anomalies in offspring. The authors inferred potential exposure to night shift work by applying a jobexposure matrix (JEM) to mothers' recorded occupations in the Australian Perinatal Registry. This study's assessment of night shift work across various occupations, with nurses reported separately from other types of workers, adds valuable knowledge on a rarely studied outcome. The authors acknowledge that the lack of individuallevel information on shift schedules precluded their ability to assess differences in duration and/or intensity of night shift work, which may variably interfere with reproductive function and recommend 'investigation in a sample with more detailed exposure information'. This is an important recommendation given the widely recognised complexity of assessing exposures in epidemiological studies of night shift work. 'Night shift work' refers to work that occurs during the regular sleeping hours of the general population. As such, it is not an exposure in the traditional sense, but rather a proxy for a complex combination of exposures and circumstances leading to circadian disruption. In addition to a wide variety of schedule characteristics, these include light at night (LAN), phase shift, sleep disturbances, disrupted social behaviours and personal habits and other workplace hazards, many of which are strongly interrelated. Moreover, personal characteristics such as age, sex and chronotype or diurnal preference may affect individual responses to night shift work. In a recent effort to address this complexity, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph evaluation of the carcinogenicity of night shift work considered various domains of night shift work exposure (eg, exposure intensity/duration/temporality, potential for reference group contamination, shift start/end times) across the epidemiological studies reviewed. Greater weight was placed on the most informative studies, based on methodologic considerations that included night shift work assessment quality (most notably the potential for misclassification). Objective individuallevel data on night shift work exposure were considered most accurate, in part due to its suitability for multidimensional exposure assessment. Individuallevel data can be obtained from company records or collected with questionnaires, interviews or diaries wherein workers selfreport their work schedules along with other relevant exposures and characteristics. When using a JEM to translate job titles into exposure to night shift work, no individual characteristics are being considered. Fernandez et al acknowledge that 'use of occupational title to impute night shift work involves a degree of misclassification of exposure...'. Such misclassification is an inevitable and wellrecognised limitation of JEMs since heterogeneity between workers within the same job is ignored by design. 7 The extent of this heterogeneity varies by the agent considered and may be larger for night shift work compared with other exposures (eg, dusts) for which JEMs have been frequently used. There are two major considerations in developing a JEM for night shift work: first, it has to be decided at the job level whether someone works at nighttime. Second, various exposures and circumstances associated with night shift work (LAN, other workplace hazards, etc) could be assigned at the job level. Both steps are prone to misclassification as these aspects of night shift work are strongly related to individual characteristics and heterogeneous within jobs. Exposure to night shift work in occupations with high proportions of night shift workers, such as nurses, might be relatively well estimated by a JEM that assigns probability by job, while occupations with less prevalent exposures will be less well characterised. However, even within nurses, night shift schedules and related exposures will vary between persons as well as within persons over time. Further, the variety of tasks, work environments and occupational hazards encountered by different types of nurses cannot be distinguished in many job coding systems that form the basis of JEMs. As such, a JEM is inherently limited in its ability to assign night shift work with sufficient exposure contrast and nuance to assess aetiologies of health effects in the general working population. With these considerations in mind, it is reasonable to ask: 'Is a JEM an informative exposure assessment tool for night shift work?' The JEM used by Fernandez et al was sufficient to detect a relationship between maternal night shift work and occurrence of urogenital anomalies in offspring. This JEM, however, was developed with data from Australian females, with limited applicability to other populations. It has been demonstrated that male workers may have very different patterns of night shift work, and circumstances of this exposure may also vary widely by region, time period and life stage. Lessstudied groups, including gig economy workers and nonCaucasian populations, are also not well captured in this and other night shift work JEMs focused on Western working populations. Opportunities to optimise night shift work JEM performance, such as incorporation of quantitative information on agents that may impact circadian disruption, should also be considered. For instance, noted variability in measured LAN exposures across occupations and work environments 11 could be leveraged to develop grouping variables with optimal exposure contrast or to test the validity of subjective measures such as selfreported light exposures or expert assessment. A recent Canadian study observed large betweengroup LAN variance relative to withingroup variance for various exposure metrics and groupings in healthcare, suggesting that highlevel exposure groupings informed by quantitative measurements could be an effective means to characterise individual exposures in epidemiological studies of night shift work. Although a JEM may be the only solution to assess night shift work in general population studies when no detailed job histories or exposure data are available, we advise caution in the application of JEMs. Due to Berkson error, a groupbased approach such as a JEM will in principle not lead to biased risk estimates, but to a considerable loss of power and consequently reduced precision of the risk estimate. A JEM cannot Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands Government of Canada, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada


This is proposed a full inversion of classical vacuum/matter paradigms: (a) "empty" vacuum becomes atomistic ‐ built of Cooper-like ( e /e+) ghost bosonic composites ‐ realizing nongravitating, chargeless, supersymmetric superfluid medium, ( b) elementary mass particles arise as elementary Diracian-like holes=defects in it. The underlying c oncept is based on the pure spatial dimensional enlargement 3D (3D+1), where our 3D-space is a quasiflat 3 D-waveguide, being embedded into a global isotropic Euclidean 4 D-hyperspace (x,y,z,L). The endless elastic waveguide's shell (x,yz,0<L<Lo4 ) confines the Einsteinian-like 4 D-photon C4-quanta E4=h4, where it has a non-stop polygonal /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\ C4-waveguide's dynamics with the hidden C4-gauge symmetry (as the basic conceptual physical alternative to the global Minkowski 4D-spacetime). This waveguided C4dynamics creates the self-sufficient, united physical source for the Einsteinian SR & the quantized equivalence principle & GR & the QM & the Kaluza's cyclical condition & the confined-massive Yang-Mills bosons with local gauge invariance, etc. , being different sides of the same waveguided wave-interference phenomenon. The global 4D-hyperspace (x,y,z,L) consists of the Lo4 -periodical parallel 3D-waveguides with the Lo4 = el.Compton 10 10 cm thickness, building together an endless 10 coupled Multiverse (with enormous Universes density L~10 /cm4), consisting of physically identical, periodical and parallel Universes/Antiun iverses with the large‐scale matter/antimatter=gravity/antigravity hypersymmetr y. The proposed waveguided-periodical design explains:


Overview report of ESD in school education published by Tongyeong Office of Education, Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea, in partnership with RCE Tongyeong. This introductory report covers how ESD is embeded in the formal education sector of Tongyeong city, and the role of the policy makers at the Education Office.


Anemia is a major health burden worldwide. Examining the hemoglobin level of blood is an important way to achieve the diagnosis of anemia, but it requires blood drawing and a blood test. In this work we propose a non-invasive, fast, and cost-effective screening test for iron-deficiency anemia in Peruvian young children. Our initial results show promising evidence for detecting conjunctival pallor anemia and Artificial Intelligence techniques with photos taken with a popular smartphone.


Atherosclerosis is one of the major diseases that seriously impacts human health, which has been conceived as a complex process. In this study, we sought to explore the role and the underlying mechanism of Andrographolide (Andro) in Atherosclerosis progress. The CCK8 and flow cytometry were respectively used to explore the effect of Andro on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Then, we detected the effect of Andro on inflammatory factors. Next, the connection of Andro and CXCR4 and the underlying mechanism was researched. Our study proved that Andro could promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis. And, Andro significantly inhibits the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, endothelian 1 (ET-1), MMP-9 and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further, we have also confirmed that CXCR4 was involved in the Andro regulation progress in atherosclerosis inhibition by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. All these findings suggest that Andro inhibits atherosclerosis and may be involved in progression of atherosclerosis and could be a new therapeutic target for this disease.


The main propositions of the more accurated method of experimental determination of conductivity frequency responses from the side of the stator winding of rhe synchronous machine taking into account the rotor multi-loops are stated. The method is based on an analytical description of the generalized current vector in the stator winding in the time variation, taking into account the phase shifts between the individual free components of the periodic current at the initial moment of the transient process. The proposed method will allow to accurate the method regulated by the International Electrotechnical Commis-sion IEC 34–4 and the IEEE 115 standard.


A STRIKINGLY large endobronchial metastasis of a uterine leiomyosarcoma developed in a woman. It is reported because of its size and location and because report of such a lesion, to our knowledge, is not found in studies of endobronchial metastases. Report of a Case A 53-year-old, gravida 10, para 8, abortus 2, woman underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy in August 1973. The uterus was found to contain an 8.5×6.0×5.0-cm firm, well-circumscribed, whitish mass that had the histological characteristics of leiomyosarcoma. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. She did well until April 1977, when she had sudden onset of dyspnea and wheezing. A chest roentgenogram showed leftsided "white lung," with right upper lobe and right basilar infiltrates (Figure). Physical examination showed an obese, distressed woman with prolonged expirations and loud expiratory wheezing. The hemoglobin value was 13.2 g/dl, the hematocrit level was 44%, and the WBC count was


ABSTRACT
 Human biting catches of sylvatic yellow fever (SYF) vectors were conducted at eight stations in the influence area of the Manso hydroelectric power plant (Central Brazil) in sampling campaigns every 2 mo from July 2000 to November 2001. In total, 206 individuals were captured and classified as one of three species important for the transmission of SYF in Mato Grosso state: Haemagogus (Haemagogus) janthinomys (Dyar, 1921); Haemagogus (Conopostegus) leucocelaenus (Dyar & Shannon, 1924); and Sabethes (Sabethoides) chloropterus (Humboldt, 1819). The highest vector abundance was observed during the rainy season (November through March) and SYF vectors were present in all sampling points throughout the year, mainly in riparian and shadowed transitional forests at shadowed ramps.


This paper examines the effect that solar differential rotation would have on a hypothetical large-scale equatorial dipole field. The evolving large-scale field pattern is expressed as a series of non-axisymmetric moments. As time increases, power is transferred to progressively higher order moments. In the 27/sup d/ rotating coordinate system, each moment undergoes a small retrograde drift which remains nearly uniform until that mode begins to fade. The synodic rotation periods of the first few moments are comparable to the observed 28.5/sup d/ period of the Sun's large-scale field near sunspot maximum. Differential rotation may be the source of this 28./sup d/5 period, but the eruption of new flux is necessary to keep the pattern going.


Antennas suitable for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are overseen. The antennas serve a narrow-band high performance unlicensed 5.470-5.725 GHz Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) deployed over a full-duplex bi-directional optical link. The system is composed of 3-RFports aimed to support Adaptive Antenna System (AAS), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and Sectorization, for communications of about 70 ~ 100 Mbps over micro-cells along highways to moving vehicles incorporating a Ultra Wide Band (UWB) network of 480 Mbps. A design study has been carried out to assess the most cost-effective while efficient antenna units. The effects among antennas seen as interferers are also considered.


The effects of medium term administration of crude Diospyros mespiloformis root extracts on some biochemical parameters were investigated in mice. Forty mice were divided into two groups of twenty animals each. Animals in group I were gavaged with the root extracts at 400mg/kg/body weight for five weeks. Group II received normal saline (0.09%w/v NaCl) and served as controls. Whole body weights, fresh organ weights, packed cell volume (PCV) and some serum biochemical parameters were analysed using standard methods. Results showed minimal variation in whole body weights and packed cell volumes of animals given the extracts. Also values for some organ weights, triacyglycerides (148.25± 2.78 mg/dL), and Alkaline Phosphatase (41.50± 1.71 mg/dL) were not significantly (p > 0.05) different between test and control animals in the final week. However, heart (0.74%), lungs (4.43%), glucose (113.92 ± 2.43 mg/dL), total proteins (4.75 ± 1.25mg/dL), Aspartate Transaminase (40.50 ± 1.50 µL) and Alanine Transaminase (43.52 ± 4.50µL), were significantly (p < 0.05) different between the animals administered D. mespiliformis and controls. These results are early indications that long term consumption of D. mespiliformis could predispose to adverse tissue effects.


A numerical model describing xanthophyll dynamics in phytoplankton has been developed and used to investigate cellular photoprotective response. The model assumes that, under the transition from limiting to supra-saturating light, the xanthophyll cycling pigments (PX) synthesis implies first (on a time scale of tens of minutes) a stoichiometric conversion of the already existing fucoxanthin (FUCO) and then (on time scales of an hour onwards) an up-regulation of the investment of newly synthesized carbon to PX. The latter is concomitant with a reduction in the new carbon invested in FUCO production, which down-regulates the lightharvesting apparatus. We hypothesize that these dynamics play a major role in those phytoplankton species adapted to live in highly dynamic environments requiring rapid photoprotective response. In fact, under high light-induced stress, the conversion between photosynthetic and photoprotective compounds may be a metabolically efficient photoprotective mechanism not requiring the use of newly assimilated (and then energetically expensive) carbon.


Reasoning about visual representations in science requires the ability to control one's attention, inhibit attention to irrelevant or incorrect information, and hold information in mind while manipulating it actively—all aspects of the limited-capacity cognitive system described as humans' executive functions. This article describes pedagogical intuitions on best practices for how to sequence visual representations among pre-service teachers, adult undergraduates, and middle school children, with learning also tested in the middle school sample. Interestingly, at all ages, most people reported beliefs about teaching others that were different from beliefs about how they would learn. Teaching beliefs were most often that others would learn better from presenting representations one at a time, serially; while learning beliefs were that they themselves would learn best from simultaneous presentations. Students did learn best from simultaneously presented representations of mitosis and meiosis, but only when paired with self-explanation prompts to discuss the relationships between the graphics. These results provide new recommendations for helping students draw connections across visual representations, particularly mitosis and meiosis, and suggest that science educators would benefit from shifting their teaching beliefs to align with beliefs about their own learning from multiple visual representations.


John Hatfield9s discussion of identity and ethnicity in an increasingly wider, abstract, and problematical context is an extended definition of the current dilemma. I suspect Hatfield intends to offer an essentially optimistic statement, but for many readers questions and doubts may remain, if not predominate.


To quantify the impact of the 2019–2020 megafires on Australian plant diversity by assessing burnt area across 26,062 species ranges and the effects of fire history on recovery potential. Further, to exemplify a strategic approach to prioritizing plant species affected by fire for recovery actions and conservation planning at a national scale.


to the general reader. Chadwicks text is more academic, with both the advantages and disadvantages this implies. It can be pretty heavy going?it may be impossible to discuss semi otics, even briefly, without causing the average reader to lapse into a temporary coma. The somewhat dry text, however, is densely packed with information and rewards persistence. Covering the Middle Ages to the present, Chadwick's account seamlessly weaves together the lives and work of women artists and the social, economic, political, and philo sophical context in which they operated. Most surveys of women artists pay attention to these extra-artistic elements; it would be impossible to present a fair historical account of women artists without making clear the limitations under which they worked. In most cases, the nonart context is pre sented as background for accounts of individual artists. Chadwick presents ttye context, artistic and otherwise, and uses the lives of particular women to illustrate the situation. For example, her account of Maritta Robusti (the daughter of Tintoretto) illuminates a critique of the "great man" mythos against the realities of workshop production in the 16th cen tury. Accounts of the popularity of the image of Tintoretto and his dead/dying daughter in the 19th century (she suc cumbed to childbirth relatively young) are used to illustrate the "bizarre but all too common transformation of the woman artist from a producer in her own right into a subject for representation." Chadwick admits in her preface that Women, Art and So ciety "provides neither new biographical nor archival facts about women artists." What it does do, and quite well, is


Amine (primary and secondary) functional polypropylenes were prepared by the melt blending of maleated polypropylenes with small diamines, including hexa- methylenediamine (primary-primary diamine), p-xylylenediamine (primary-primary diamine), and N-hexylethylenediamine (primary-secondary diamine), at various di- amine/anhydride molar ratios in a batch mixer and a twin-screw extruder. The exper- imental conversion data by Fourier transform infrared nearly agreed with the assumption of a complete reaction between the primary amine and anhydride. Chain extensions of the maleated polypropylenes by the diamines were monitored by the torques during mixing and further evaluated by rheological (dynamic shear rheome- try) and mechanical measurements. We show that these amino polypropylenes are very effective adhesion promoters and compatibilizers of thermoplastic polyurethanes with polypropylene. V C 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4217-4232, 2005


Pure Sb thin film has attracted great interest for phase-change memory owing to its appealing properties such as simple composition, fast crystallization, and sufficient electrical contrast between amorphous and crystalline states. However, its proneness to crystallization dominated by an explosive mechanism makes it challenging to achieve a stable amorphous state. Here we demonstrate a high thermal stability of amorphous Sb which is realized by combining with a VO2 grid-frame structure to vary its crystallization mechanism. It is shown that the crystallization temperature and 10-year data retention increased with the increasing VO2 concentration. A higher crystalline resistance for (VO2)xSb100–x thin film was obtained due to the existence of the abundant Sb-VO2 grain boundaries, which is beneficial to reduce the power consumption. The optical band gaps of both as-deposited and crystalline films increase with increasing VO2 content. After the addition of VO2, the crystallization mechanism changes from exp...


There are lots of bone coal,sapropelite and shungite in the Early Palaeozoic Erathem in southern China.There are different geochemical characteristics in major,micro and REE elements in the bone coal,sapropelite and shungite.The bone coal,sapropelite are rich in Al,Fe,Ca,Mg K,Na,P,Sr,Cu,Zn,Co,Cr and REE,and the shungite is poor in the above elements. There are an abvious positive Eu anomaly in the shungite and a negative Eu anomalies in the bone coal and sapropelite.The sapropelite and bone coal are sedimentary origin and the shungite is the product of petroleum evolution.


lecture was for third and fourth grades in elementary schooL the other was for fifth and sixth grades. For each course, 20 participants attended a Iecture to learn about and acquire methods for preparation and teaching of practical experiments related to textbook concepts, Participants also learned background scientific knowledge, skills, and hints related to instruction for experiments. Before the lectures, most participants evaluated themselves not strongly confident in teaching each unit <average 3.1 on a five-poillt Likert scale). After the lecture, they evaluated themselves as confident at least in teaching about observation methods and experimental materials that they experienced in the lecture (average 4.0 on the five-point scale). Participants also evaluated the lectures' contents and methods in teaching skills and knowledge to teach:


G.D. Chen et al. (ibid., vol.IT-32, p.680-94, 1986) presented two new lower bounds for K(n,R), where K(n,R) denotes the minimum cardinality of a binary code of length n and covering radius R. The author shows that a slight modification gives further improvements and some examples are given to confirm the argument. Codes that have a certain partitioning property are considered. >


Abstract:ABSTRACTLittle is known about the structural composition of macrophytic communities in Irish small streams and headwaters, despite their important influence on the biological integrity of the river catchment as a whole. A subset of 103 small stream and headwater vegetation plots were extracted from the River Macrophyte Database (RMD) with the aim of identifying the vegetation groups that occur there, to describe their composition and determine whether these vegetation groups have affinities to British and European vegetation communities or are unique to Ireland. The RMD has been recently collated as part of a wider project that aims to construct a vegetation classification system for Irish rivers. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) were used to identify these species assemblages. Nine cluster groups, representing different vegetation assemblages were identified; five of these groups were of biological significance and these are described in detail. Of these, two groups were typical of slow-flowing calcareous waters of lowland regions, one group characteristic of fast-flowing calcareous streams and two were typical of acidic fast-flowing waters found more commonly at a higher altitude. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) biplot showed the relationship between the species distribution and three chosen environmental factors—flow rate, conductivity and substrate type. These factors were found to have significant influence on macrophyte distribution, despite the small percentage of the variance explained during analysis. Additional factors that were not available for analysis, e.g. nutrient levels, that may explain a greater percentage of the variation in macrophyte distribution are discussed.


The rise of information and technology requires all businesses and nonprofits to digitize. The co-working facility in Bandung's Batununggal District does the same. Batununggal co-working facility intends to promote locals' creativity and host start-up actors. This community service targets MSME actors and inhabitants in Bandung's Batununggal subdistrict, those who have established a business and those who will establish a business. Workshops on digital technologies, digital ads, and AR-based social media content offer business actors insight and competence. Participants also received training on enterprise resource planning to help manage and integrate corporate operations in Batununggal, Bandung. This series of community service activities increased participants' insight into digital-based promotional strategies and the use of digital tools and digital ads for their products; increased participants' insight and competence in managing and integrating business using the ERP system; trained participants to use AR technology on social media, especially Instagram, to promote their products.


The geological conditions for coal mining in China are complicated, where various structures such as faults and collapsed columns seriously compromise the safety of coal mine production. In‐seam wave exploration is an effective technique for acquiring fine information on geological structures in coal seam working faces. However, the existing reflected in‐seam wave imaging technique can no longer meet the exploration precision requirements, making it imperative to develop a new reflected in‐seam wave imaging technique. This study applies the Gaussian beam summation (GBS) migration method to imaging coal seams' reflected in‐seam wave data. Firstly, with regard to the characteristics of the reflected in‐seam wave data, methods such as wavefield removal and enveloped superposition are employed for the corresponding wavefield separation, wave train compression, and other processing of reflected in‐seam waves. Thereafter, imaging is performed using the GBS migration technique. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method for the reflected in‐seam wave imaging are validated by conducting GBS migration tests on 3D coal‐seam fault models with different dip angles and throws. By applying the method to the reflected in‐seam wave data of an actual coal seam working face, accurate imaging of a fault structure is obtained, thereby validating its practicality.


Abstract The objective of this study is to analyse three rainfall–runoff hydrological models applied in two small catchments in the Amazon region to simulate flow duration curves (FDCs). The simple linear model (SLM) considers the rainfall–runoff process as an input–output time-invariant system. However, the rainfall–runoff process is nonlinear; thus, a modification is applied to the SLM based on the residual relationship between the simulated and observed discharges, generating the modified linear model (MLM). In the third model (SVM), the nonlinearity due to infiltration and evapotranspiration is incorporated into the system through the sigmoid variable gain factor. The performance criteria adopted were a distance metric (δ) and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (R2) determined between simulated and observed flows. The good results of the models, mainly the MLM and SVM, showed that they could be applied to simulate FDCs in small catchments in the Amazon region. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Montanari Citation Blanco, C.J.C., Santos, S.S.M., Quintas, M.C., Vinagre, M.V.A., and Mesquita, A.L.A., 2013. Contribution to hydrological modelling of small Amazonian catchments: application of rainfall–runoff models to simulate flow duration curves. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (7), 1–11.


The present disclosure, full duplex, describes techniques for reducing adverse effects of TX signal leakage in a wireless communication device. This technique utilizes a notch filter to reject TX signal leakage in a signal processed by RX path of the wireless communication device. Notch filter is configured as a complex notch filter using passive resistor and capacitor elements to produce a notch frequency to reduce the TX signal leakage component of the desired signal. Notch filter is applied to the baseband signal down-converted generated by the passive mixer.


Frenchie Draw Field is a combination structural-stratigraphic trap which produces gas and condensate from a number of discontinuous sandstones in the lower Fort Union Formation. Seventeen producers and 3 dry holes were completed within the unit boundary. As of Jan. 1, 1978, 13 wells were still productive. Cumulative to that date was 35.9 billion cu ft gas, 1.1 million bbl of condensate and 9.6 million bbl of water.


Annual and cumulative production of developed oilfields can be forecasted by HCZ projection model. Good projection result has been achieved in practical application. This paper has provided a projection formula of steam injection parameters for HCZ model according to actual situation of heavy oil reservoirs. A projection was made for block Shu 1 7 5 in Shuguang oilfield according to its development data, and the result was good.


Alongside the species name skata (Dan. skade) 'magpie' (Pica pica) there is a word skjura f. (Icel. skjor). It is documented in the Icelandic sagas and has numerous variant pronunciations in Scandinavian dialects. In southern Sweden, we find skora (schoura) and skara, in the west skera (skara), and in central Sweden skjura (East Swedish dialect skjara). Forms occurring further north include skor(a) in western Dalarna and Jamtland, and skir in northern Dalarna, with the variants sker, skyr in the norternmost provinces. In different dialects the word is also found in the names of bird species such as the jay, Siberian jay, oystercatcher and nightjar, and in the names of bats. The origin of this word has long puzzled philologists. Otto von Friesen, in 1901, came closest to the truth when he suggested that it was cognate with Got. skewjan 'wander'. [...] The deeper semantic meaning of the word has until now remained unclear. A closer study of the passage in the Gothic Bible where Goth. skewjan 'walk, mander' appears, and of its counterparts in the Icelandic sagas and in Norwegian and Swedish dialects, clarifies the semantic content of this word as being ' to move to and fro, with dramatic or unpredictable movements'. I view of this, the word skjura 'magpie' can be ascribed the sense of 'one which moves hither and thither (to and fro) in the air or on the ground, in an irregular or seemingly random manner'.


Duplex Stainless steels (DSS) are biphasic austeno-ferritic steels in which the best combination of mechanical and corrosion resistance properties is achieved for almost equal volume fraction of the phases. These steels are classified according to their pitting corrosion resistance, assessed by the PREN index (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) which, although qualitatively, is widely employed as comparison. The present work is aimed to study the pitting resistance of four DSS grades (SAF 2101, 2304, 2205 and 2507) in the as-received condition and after isothermal aging in the critical range 750°C-900°C, to highlight the effect of secondary phases precipitation on the corrosion behavior. The materials were potentiodynamically tested in artificial seawater (pH7) at room temperature and the corresponding Critical Pitting Temperatures (CPT) were determined according to ASTM G150. Secondary phase precipitation mainly affected the lean duplex grades whereas the high-alloyed DSS were more stable even if large precipitation occurred.


Medication errors in anesthesia practice have long afflicted our specialty. Over the span of the last 60 years, from the earliest reports of misadventures to current reports of medication errors during anesthesia practice, the rate of human error during the conduct of anesthesia does not seem to be improving. This review highlights the limited studies published on anesthesia medication errors, summarizes the national and international initiatives to reduce errors, addresses the challenges associated with data collection and reporting of errors, and reiterates previously published strategies for reduction or prevention of medication errors. With the advent of innovative technologies, a continued focus on patient safety and recognition of the challenges associated with reporting, opportunities exist to decrease human error during anesthesia practice.


Y. H. Li, T. Liu, Q. Du, J. Sun, Y. Xia, Z. Wang, W. Zhang, K. Wang, H. Zhu, and D. Wu Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China College of Electromechanical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing by Material Processing Technology and Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China


A 2006 study of the microbiological quality of rainwater collected in
reservoirs demonstrated that this water was fecally contaminated at all
instances and sometimes contained pathogenic micro-organisms such as
Campylobacter, Legionella, Cryptosporidium or Giardia. The amount of
rainfall and rainfall intensity influenced the level of faecal
contamination of the water.
The study reported here - a follow up to a pilot study on the
microbiological quality of collected rainwater carried out in 2005 -
dealt specifically with the effect of environmental conditions on the
microbiological quality of collected rainwater. Samples were taken from
three reservoirs at various environmental conditions to study the effect
of drought, heavy and normal rainfall (whether or not after a period of
drought) and temperature. The presence of Campylobacter, Salmonella,
Vibrio, Legionella, Cryptosporidium, Giardia and enteroviruses was
determined.
The number of faecal indicator bacteria in the reservoirs increased with
high rainfall intensity, especially after a period of drought, and
pathogenic micro-organisms such as Campylobacter were detected.
Considering the high numbers of Campylobacter found in the reservoirs due
to the runoff of bird faeces from roofs, it is conceivable that the
requirement of one infection in 10,000 persons per year, as outlined in
the Dutch Drinking Water Act, will not be met.


This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness MINECO (Project No. FIS2016-76617-P). I.A.N. also acknowledges support from Saint Petersburg State University (Grant No. 18.104.22.1685).


Alternative pathways and enabling courses such as foundation programmes are well-established in some tertiary institutions and are likely to be broadened and enhanced across the sector. If such a course is designed along the lines of Biggs' constructive alignment, it would be hoped that students would be likely to adopt a 'deep approach' to learning through their course of study. In addition, it is often assumed (but rarely properly demonstrated) that such courses promote the confidence of students to achieve well in their academic studies. This study explored changes in approaches to learning and academic self-efficacy in the first topic of a Foundation Course, using Biggs' R-SPQ-2F and a newly developed academic self-efficacy scale. While the findings on approaches to learning were inconclusive, analysis showed a substantial and statistically significant increase in academic self-efficacy.


Today's businesses and consumer applications are becoming increasingly dependent on cloud solutions, making them vulnerable to service outages that can result in a loss of communication or access to business-critical services and data. Are we really prepared for such failure scenarios? Given that failures can occur on both the network and data center sides, is it possible to have efficient end-to-end recovery? The answer is mostly negative due to the separate operation of these domains. This article offers a solution to this problem based on network virtualization, and discusses the necessary architecture and algorithm details. It also answers the question of whether it is better to provide resilience in the virtual or physical layer from a cost effectiveness and failure coverage perspective.


We designed a multi-point temperature and humidity monitoring system that consists of the ATmega16L microcontroller,the nRF905 RF chip and the SHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.This paper presents its system structure,working principle as well as hardware circuit and software designs.The system is suitable for temperature and humidity monitoring for warehouses in complex environments.It features a simple structure,low cost and power consumption,among others.Experiment results show that the system comes with stable performance and accurate measurements,which satisfy requirements of real-time temperature and humidity monitoring.


Objective— Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is observed in chronic vascular lesions such as atherosclerotic plaques and is believed to contribute to the vascular remodeling process. Mst1 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase known to be activated in response to a wide variety of nonphysiological apoptotic stimuli. However, little is known of the physiological function of Mst1, and its role in VSMCs has never been examined. Methods and Results— Treatment of VSMCs with staurosporine induced apoptosis and cleavage of Mst1, which is a marker of its activation, as well as activation of caspase 3. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of wild-type Mst1 (AdMst1) in VSMCs increased apoptotic cells with activation of caspase 3. Mst1 was induced and activated in the balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Infection with AdMst1 in balloon-injured rat carotid artery suppressed neointimal formation compared with infection with AdLacZ. Infection with AdMst1 significantly increased the apoptotic ...


In the current breast cancer screening ,radiologists often miss approximately 10-30% of tumors because of the ambiguous margins of lesions and visual fatigue resulting from long time diagnosis. Thereby a computer-aided detection system have been developed to aid radiologists in detecting mammogram lesions which may indicate the presence of breast cancer. The digital mammogram image undergoes preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction steps to identify the abnormal region is cancer affected or not. The proposed study uses surf feature extraction method on each suspicious areas. Finally uses linear discriminant analysis to classify abnormal regions by selecting and rating the individual performance of each feature. KeywordsBreast cancer, mammogram, mass, SURF feature extraction.


As the present trends show current policies lay more stress on using solar energy and renewable energy sources as some years before. There is a 175 000 TW power of solar energy, which came from the Sun. If it could be exploited, less than 10 % of this would be enough to cover the human economy. The solar energy has an important role in the reduction of the Ecological Footprint of humanity. This research would be offered a survey the global solar energy trends and the potential of building sector in Hungary. Furthermore, also the alternative energy sources appeared in the transport: many governments give financial assistance to the proliferation of electric cars. Government and policy support for renewable energy has increased considerably over the past decade. Two drivers underpin this trend: first, the effort to constrain growth in greenhouse-gas emissions and, second, concerns to diversify the supply mix (promoted particularly by high oil prices, especially in 2005-2008). To address these concerns, more and more governments are adopting targets and taking measures to enhance the share of renewables in the energy mix.


The NIF design team is developing the Integrated Computer Control System (ICCS), which is based on an object-oriented software framework applicable to event-driven control system. The framework provides an open, extensive architecture that is sufficiently abstract to construct future mission-critical control systems. The ICCS will become operational when the first 8 out of 192 beams are activated in mid 2000. THe ICCS consists of 300 front-end processors attached to 60,000 control points coordinated by a supervisory system. Computers running either Solaris or VxWorks are networked over a hybrid configuration of switched fast Ethernet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). ATM carries digital motion video from sensor to operator consoles. Supervisory software is constructed by extending the reusable framework components for each specific application. The framework incorporates services for database persistence, system configuration, graphical user interface, status monitoring, event logging, scripting language, alert management, and access control. More than twenty collaborating software applications are derived from the common framework. The framework is interoperable among different kinds of computers and functions as a plug-in software bus by leveraging a common object request brokering architecture (CORBA). CORBA transparently distributes the software objects across the network. Because of the pivotal role played, CORBA was tested to ensure adequate performance.


Enjin Carian Meta or an Intelligent Search Engine which use meta search engine concept, is designed to overcome the problem of how to find relevant information in the internet. The World Wide Web (WWW) offers an unimaginable amount of documents that deal with information from a never-ending list of topics. In cadence with the rapid Internet explosion,constant development of search engine to better aid user in navigating the wealth of information. Enjin Carian Meta which uses meta search engine concept try to overcome the lack of existing search engine. This System is develops by using PFIP Programming Language and MySQL as a database server. The user only needs to enter the keywords as a search query and the system will perform the searching by using the three popular search engine which are Google, Altavista and MSN. What makes Enjin Carian Meta differ from other meta search engine is to archives more precision result, Enjin Carian Meta provides analyzed the HTML source code. The results are URLs that has been analyzed and the total of matching keywords by order from the most matching keyword to the less matching keywords.


A polyindole-reduced graphene oxide (PIG) hybrid was synthesized by reducing graphene oxide sheets in the presence of polyindole. We have shown PIG as a material for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2). The PIG hybrid was chemically activated at temperatures of 400–800 ° C, which resulted in nitrogen (N)-doped graphene sheets. The N-doped graphene sheets are microporous with an adsorption pore size of 0.6 nm for CO2 and show a maximum (Brunauer, Emmet and Teller) surface area of 936 m2 g−1. The hybrid activated at 600 ° C (PIG6) possesses a surface area of 534 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume of 0.29 cm3 g−1. PIG6 shows a maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.0 mmol g−1 at 25 ° C and 1 atm. This high CO2 uptake is due to the highly microporous character of the material and its N content. The material retains its original adsorption capacity on recycling even after 10 cycles (within experimental error). PIG6 also shows high adsorption selectivity ratios for CO2 over N2, CH4 and H2 of 23, 4 and 85 at 25 ° C, respectively.


Nanostructured metal oxides and particularly nanofiber based materials can provide significant advances for the miniaturization of electronic, optoelectronic, photonic, sensor, and energy conversion devices with enhanced performance based on their unique material properties. In this study, indium doped zinc oxide (IZO) nanofibers were synthesized by electrospinning. These nanofibers have diameters in the range 50–100nm. The effects of indium addition on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the zinc oxide nanofiber matrices were investigated. The IZO nanofibers undergo significant changes in their optical and electrical properties compared to undoped zinc oxide nanofibers.


Prose is a common style among the literature. It has an extensive content and flexible structure. The major feature of prose is shape dispersing but spirit concentrating. Therefore, expressing the original artistic charm is the highest standard for prose translation. Traditional translation emphasizes the equivalence on language and structure between the translation and the original text. Reception Aesthetics, as a new methodology, support the view that prose translation should express the original romance charm so that the reader can experience the equivalent beauty. In the process of translation, a translator not only represent the original meaning and content but also the original emotion. Therefore, it is essential for a translator to possess a profound background knowledge and grasp the essential connotation exactly. On the basis of this fact, this paper employs an important concept in Reception Aesthetics, horizon of expectation, to demonstrate the feasibility and importance of it in prose translation. Two English versions by Yang Xianyi and Zhu Chunshen about HeTangYueSe are analyzed, and a comparison are made between the two translations on different levels in this paper. This paper tends to make a comparative study of the two English versions by Yang Xianyi and Zhu Chunshen from the perspective of Reception Aesthetics to illustrate the reproduce of beauty and provide the translators with the specific translation skills.


The influence ofthreerearing temperatures; 20, 25 and 30°C on the duration,percentage survival, fecundityand wing formation inChrysomyamegacephala(Diptera: Calliphoridae) were investigated. The duration ofall stages significantly decreased with the increase in rearing temperature. The highest survival of adults and the lowest malformationwere recorded at 25°C.Fecundity was not significantly affected by the change in temperatures. Larvae feed on beef meat had the highest fecundity and survival,followed by those feed on chicken meat andbeef liver. Larvae reared on artificial media produced adults with low survival and failed to lay any eggs.We hypothesize that time for each stage of development will be affected by the larval rearing substrate (media type) as well as the temperatures to which the flies were exposed to throughout their life cycles.


The emotion is human's subjective experience over objective things.Emotion regulation is a kind of emotional capability which allows the individual responses in a society proper tolerant way,so that the individuals can make emotional responses flexibly,and effectively control themselves to delay their impulsive behaviors.Regulative theory of emotion focuses on how to exert a positive impact on emotional experience and expression which meets the need of the physical and mental health education of the times.It's paid close attention in the field of educational psychology,motivational psychology and emotional psychology,therefore the theoretical research has extensive applicative value.


In temperate regions, cultivation of Robinia pseudoacacia L. has recently received considerable attention because it is a fast-growing species for biomass and bioenergy production, while acting as a potential carbon (C) sink to counterbalance carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and an alternative to agricultural crops on marginal sites. The objective of our work was to compare total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and organic C fractions in postlignite mining soils under different development stages of R. pseudoacacia. Soil samples from three different depths (0–3, 3–10 and 10–30 cm) were taken in plantations 2, 3, 4, and 14 years old (R2, R3, R4, and R14, respectively). The TOC and TN contents increased with increasing tree age in all layers (P < 0.01). In the top 30 cm, TOC and TN stocks ranged from 11.7 to 59.8 Mg C ha−1 and from 0.30 to 2.61 Mg N ha−1 at R2 and R14, respectively. The rate of C sequestration was calculated to be 4.0 Mg C ha−1 year−1. Microbial biomass C and N were strongly correlated to TOC (r2 = 0.96 – 0.81; P < 0.001) and TN contents (r2 = 0.92 – 0.91; P < 0.001). The light fraction C (CLF) accounted for 15–30% and the heavy fraction C for 70% of TOC in all layers. In the 0- to 3-cm layer, CLF increased by 0.5 g kg−1 year−1. The results indicate that plantations of R. pseudoacacia are an attractive alternative to increase soil C contents in reclaimed lignite mining soils. In the short term, microbial biomass C and light fraction C are sensitive and provide an appropriate measure to assess soil C changes caused by cultivation of R. pseudoacacia.


Project No. 6 "Human Impact on Mountain Ecosystems" of the UNESCO "Man and the Biosphere" Program had its own peculiarities of implementation, both in the international and in the Russian context. It went far beyond environmental problems and was initially focused on the sustainable mountain development issues, assessing the impact of global changes on the mountain environment, economy, and population. Fragile mountain areas occupy a special position in the global Agenda 21 and national strategies for regional development. The specificity of the Soviet and Russian experience in the development and evolution of the MAB-6 project and the role of mountain biosphere reserves in Russia in the preservation of biological and cultural heritage are considered. The adoption in 2020 by the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly of the Model Law "On the Development and Protection of Mountainous Territories of the CIS" opens up new prospects for the development of mountain regions and testifies to the relevance of scientific approaches laid in the foundation of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program and the MAB-6 mountain project, in particular.


LEO satellite networks are becoming more and more important because of their potential effectiveness in promoting simultaneous data transmission and global coverage in the future. However, the dynamic changes of the satellite network topology and the intermittency of the inter-satellite links (ISLs) inevitably bring severe challenges to the satellite multipath traffic scheduling. In response to these challenges, we propose an adaptive multipath traffic scheduling algorithm for LEO satellite networks based on pheromone, in which the pheromone is used to characterize the network state and perform topological change adaptive multipath routing. The algorithm can dynamically adapt to dynamics of satellite network and is superior to most related protocols in simulation.


In the past 5 yr more than 80 of the deepest wells in the world have been drilled below 20,000 ft in the Delaware basin of West Texas. Most of these wells have been tremendous gas producers and have required some extraordinary completion procedures. The main completion problems are depth, pressure, temperature, large producing rates, and relatively large stimulation treatments. Deep gas wells are usually equipped with large tubing strings. The production liner often serves as a high-volume flow string. Completion packers and accessory equipment are normally installed close to the top of the production liner. This method permits maximum production and treatment capability with minimum friction loss. Generally, most operators are using similar completion methods which have proven satisfactory for deep wells. A typical completion is described and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed.


During the last few years sporadic cases of the infective hepatic jaundice type have been common in South Derbyshire, and several epidemics have been described in this or adjacent districts. Montford (1934) recorded forty-five cases in Castle Donington (population 2,674) in 1933, only two of which were in adults. Frazer (1935) recorded jaundice in twenty-five children all attending the same day school in Newhall. Richards (1933) described an epidemic among adults attending the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary for anti-syphilitic treatment, of which there were 120 cases. It is true that all except one had received, at some time, an arsenobenzol compound, but the epidemic was due to close contact in the waiting-room, and died out when this was remedied. If we exclude spirochaetal jaundice and discuss simple infectious jaundice we have a subject suitable for a clinical society, because any one of us may have the opportunity of studying the natural history of the condition more fully and the chance to add something to medical knowledge. It was Pasteur who said, " In the scientific world chance only comes to the mind that is prepared." Nomenclature


Low dielectric constant printed circuit board materials are becoming available. There are four or more materials that can produce boards with a dielectric constant of 28. This paper will discuss the electrical and system advantages of having a lower dielectric constant, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the principal new materials. In particular, the use of lower dielectric to increase circuit density will be stressed, rather than the more usual expectation that the lower dielectric constant will be used to increase propagation velocity or reduce capacitance. The increase in circuit density will reduce the size of boards, and achieve the reduction in propagation delay even though the capacitance and characteristic impedance are unchanged.


Background: Diabetes is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) targets are surrogate markers to monitor disease progression and guide treatment...


Material and Methods: 1,654 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients defined according to the modified Kiel classification and treated at the 3rd Medical Depart -ment/Hanusch Hospital between 1.1.1975 and 31.12.1989 were analysed with regard to clinical presentation and outcome. Results: The median follow-up in our collective was 112 months. Survival of patients with B-cell NHL differed significantly between the subgroups of patients with low-grade and those with high-grade malignancy (p = 0.001). No such difference was seen in patients with T-cell lymphomas (p = 0.7). Symptoms at presentation and outcome were evaluated, and significant differences between the entities were found. Aggressive therapy failed to improve prognosis in patients with low-grade NHL, whereas early aggressive chemotherapy was found to ameliorate the outcome of high-grade NHL (p = 0.008). Improvement in low-grade NHL (p = 0.02) comparing the same periods might be attributable to early diagnosis in CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukaemia) and better supportive care. Conclusions: Late relapse, development of secondary high-grade NHL (1.4% in CLL, 9% in IC: immunocytoma, 11% in CBCC: centroblastic centrocytic lymphoma, and 40% in AILD: angioimmunoblastic lymphoma) as well as development of secondary non-lymphatic neoplasia (12% in our collective) emphasize the necessity of long-term observation in NHL patients.


One of challenge in rectenna design is the impedance matching of the antenna to the rectifier load. Rectifier exhibits complex impedance while antennas are normally designed to match either 50 Ω or 75 Ω loads. For the optimum power transfer between antenna and the rectifier circuit, both impedances should be matched. This paper presents the design and development of the 7-stages Dickson multiplier in energy harvesting. The objective of this paper is to analyze the performance of the designed multiplier together with matching circuit. An improvement of 60% output voltage is achieved by feeding -30dBm of low input power at the multiplier circuit.


This chapter describes different propagation scenarios in V2V communications based on practical Intelligent Transportation System applications. The intention is the study of propagation impairments for modeling purposes. It is important to consider the environmental characteristics of the scenario in order to choose the proper model to evaluate performance. The intention of this chapter is to explore how well current models fit the scenarios and to identify areas of opportunity for new model design. Many devices including sensors, transponders, and communication radios of different kinds co-exist in a typical urban scene. Interference among these devices and electromagnetic coupling with external waves is possible. Therefore, integration of the various technologies is imperative, and conditions for physical interaction of the radio waves needs to be provided. This is critical for the correct function of automatic systems that control safety sensible information. Very strict standard electromagnetic compatibility restrictions and regulations are applied to vehicles. These emissions and immunity tests need to be reengineered in the near future in order to consider new radio devices for communication among vehicles through sensors and transponders.


It has become an increasingly common practice for software companies to collaborate with external developers in order to develop software platforms for a shared market, constituting software ecosystems. Creating and sustaining a software ecosystem is a challenging problem that involves numerous technical, organizational, and business concerns. To support the systematic design of software ecosystems, modeling is a crucial tool. In this paper, we (a) identify a set of descriptive and analytical requirements raised in the design of software ecosystems; (b) review several modeling techniques used for describing and examining software ecosystems; and (c) assess the support of the reviewed techniques towards addressing the identified requirements. The results provide insight into the gaps between the issues raised in the design of software ecosystems, and the coverage of the studied techniques, suggesting an agenda for future research.


Sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) was evaluated as fermentation substrate for the production of l-lactic acid. A thermophilic Bacillus coagulans isolate was selected for batch fermentations without the use of additional nutrients. The first batch of SSJ (Batch A) resulted on higher lactic acid concentration, yield and productivity with values of 78.75 g∙L−1, 0.78 g∙g−1 and 1.77 g∙L−1 h−1, respectively. Similar results were obtained when the process was transferred into the pilot scale (50 L), with corresponding values of 73 g∙L−1, 0.70 g∙g−1 and 1.47 g∙L−1 h−1. A complete downstream process scheme was developed in order to separate lactic acid from the fermentation components. Coarse and ultra-filtration were employed as preliminary separation steps. Mono- and bipolar electrodialysis, followed by chromatography and vacuum evaporation were subsequently carried out leading to a solution containing 905.8 g∙L−1 lactic acid, with an optical purity of 98.9%. The results of this study highlight the importance of the downstream process with respect to using SSJ for lactic acid production. The proposed downstream process constitutes a more environmentally benign approach to conventional precipitation methods.


Droplet shedding and coalescence has various industrial applications from ink-jet printing to ice accretion on wind turbine blades, power lines or aircrafts. It is known that the incipience of icing phenomenon in the mentioned applications arises from the shedding and coalescence of the rain droplets. The coalesced droplets then start to form a runback flow and when temperature is below the water freezing point, ice can be accumulated on these structures which alters the performance in the mentioned technologies. Accordingly this work is dedicated to a fundamental study on dynamics of droplet shedding and coalescence as a preliminary stage of ice formation.
Sessile droplets are deposited on surfaces where various air flows are introduced to them for analyzing their shedding behavior. As it is believed that using superhydrophobic coatings decreases the amount of ice accumulation on the solid surfaces, the effect of different surface wettabilities ranging from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic is also studied on droplet dynamics.
It is shown that on a hydrophilic substrate when the air speed is high enough, rivulets are formed from merging droplets. In contrast, on a superhydrophobic substrate there is no rivulet formation. Instead coalesced droplets roll on the surface and detach from it if the air speed is sufficiently high. In addition, the results indicate a contrast in the mechanism of the coalescence and subsequent detachment between a single and two droplets on a superhydrophobic surface. At low air speeds, the two droplets coalesce by attracting each other before detaching with successive rebounds on the substrate, while at higher speeds the detachment occurs almost instantly after coalescence, with a detachment time decreasing exponentially with the air speed.
A wind tunnel experiment was designed to characterize the rivulet dynamics on various surface wettabilities. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method was performed and its results were compared with the ones obtained from the experiments. The results indicate that increasing the air speed results in formation of waves with higher frequency in comparison with the lower air speeds. It was also demonstrated that as on superhydrophobic substrates instead of rivulets series of droplets are formed these substrates can be suitable candidates for anti-icing purposes.


The invention discloses a power vehicle with double joysticks controlling front-two-wheel steering. The power vehicle with the double joysticks controlling the front-two-wheel steering comprises a frame, two front driven wheels and rear power wheels and steering of the two front driven wheels is controlled by a double-joystick steering system. According to the power vehicle with the double joysticks controlling the front-two-wheel steering, the steering of the two front wheels is controlled by a double-joystick structure, a loading platform or a manned seat is arranged at a gap reserved between the two joysticks, and accordingly loading or manned space is effectively improved.


In praise we raise the banner high o'er head To one who taught, not just in useless words That go unmarked like flocks of wandering birds, But in a way that lives when these are dead. He taught a thousand men or more, who now Reflect the light he shone on them, like great And brilliant mirrors that only radiate With equal light as he did them endow. In all sincerity, humanity Gives praise and laurels to this man, who by His faith in God and them, did rectify All suffering and pain, and set them free. To Dr. George M. Coates, the dean of ears, And nose and throat, we give our praise and cheers.


Beginning with the situation of safety production in coal mine and the flaws in traditional experiment teaching methods.The virtual reality technology for designing and developing mine virtual simulation system is discussed.A software-based design method is presented in this paper,which introduces the technology of making three-dimensional models,pasting charts and applying colors to drawings through 3D Max,and making interactive designs and conformity with Virtools.The common process and some methods to solve the hard problems for developing mine virtual simulation system based on 3D Max and Virtools are summarized.Taking the development of fully-mechanized coalfaces simulation system precession as an example,the process of application and design is described concretely.Finally,it is showed by experiments that the mine virtual simulation system developed with it has the characteristics such as reality,immersion,interaction and realization,etc.


This article presents an analysis of the effect that urban secularization of religious pronatalism had upon established birth spacing behavior over the course of the fertility transition in the population of 19th century Utah. A model of variance in birth intervals attributable to age at marriage age of childbearing termination and completed family size over the duration of childbearing thus defined is presented. The simple analytical model achieves a reasonable fit for birth interval data. In addition the model demonstrates the relative dependence of birth intervals upon the fertility achieved over the duration of childbearing rather than upon deliberate control over the beginning or ending of the childbearing interval. Variations in age at marriage become more important in explaining birth intervals than do variation in age at last birth. The model is elaborated by incorporating 5 specific hypotheses concerning the effects of urbanism secularization and their interaction upon interbirth intervals. 2 principal conclusions were derived. 1) Birth interval differentials among subcohorts defined by religiosity and urbanism are generally consistent with fertility effects of traditional urbanism and secularization perspectives. 2) There is however no consistent evidence that this frontier population was as heterogeneous in the secularization of traditional pronatalism as is often the case in either European or 3rd world settings. Although a pattern of urban secularization is found uniformity of social and behavioral changes suggestsa that relatively homogeneous demographic behavior was produced on the frontier by the largely external locus of secularizing influences in the mainstream eastern American community.


In this paper a quasi-optical mode converter (QOMC) consists of a hybrid-type launcher and two phase-correcting mirrors is presented, which is used for a 0.5THz-TE8,5 gyrotron. The results show that the gyrotron operating mode TE8,5 is radiated into free space by the launcher and focused by two phase-correcting mirrors. Finally, a quasi-Gaussian wave beam is formed at the output window. The scalar and vector Gaussian mode content of the final output wave are about 99.7% and 99.0%, respectively.


Introduction: Fatal intoxications with alcohol and carbon monoxide are the most common causes of poisoning that occur in forensic medical practice. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of these intoxications is extremely important. To solve this problem, we propose the use of the method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of histological sections of biological tissues (BT).
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to establish statistically significant criteria for differentiation of the cause of death in case of alcohol poisoning (AP) and carbon monoxide poisoning (CMP) by using azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy of polycrystalline fractions of histological sections of organs and blood films of the human body.
Results: A number of characteristic features have been identified that have not been previously described and allow to objectively differentiate the cause of death in the case of AP and CMP, namely Ek – 0.95±0.045 and 1.81±0.092 in the study of histological sections of the myocardium;  Ek – 0,19±0,011 and 1,11±0,094 – polycrystalline blood films. Analysis of the obtained data revealed a good level of accuracy in the study of histological sections of the myocardium (As 85%) and polycrystalline blood films (As 88%).
Conclusion: Thus, developed and tested method of azimuthal-invariant polarization Mueller-matrix microscopy allows to differentiate the cause of death in cases of AP and CMP.


After following COPE guidelines and discussion with the authors and the owner of the data, the Editorial Board and the authors have jointly decided to retract this article from Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. We would like to acknowledge that the authors have been fully cooperative in this process and the misuse resulted from a lack of knowledge about publication ethics practices on the author's part rather than a case of deliberate misconduct.


Urban streets are an integral part of the public realm. Streets are commonly planned following normative design principles focused on the connectivity of road networks and urban morphology. Beyond their function as mobility infrastructure, streetscapes' aesthetic, social, and cultural qualities also have an important impact on the experience of the overall urban environment and human well-being. This study explores how urban design and planning can facilitate the design, management, and use of streetscapes that consider their role as social infrastructure. A paradigmatic case study of Hornsbergs Strand in the City of Stockholm is performed, incorporating spatial and temporal aspects. The case study area is chosen because it is both an attractive and "overcrowded" public space frequently discussed in the Swedish media. Data sources for the study include reviews of public documents such as Stockholm's city planning strategies, local media reports, a report from a resident workgroup, as well as walk-through observations and semi-structured expert interviews. The results highlight the potential of urban design strategies to develop streetscapes as social infrastructure through both permanent design measures and temporary design interventions. The tendency of the change in people's perception and attitude toward the place over time illustrates that design interventions are a continual process. The implications for public policy, urban development and investment in social infrastructure employing place strategies and design interventions are discussed.


While the conflict enhancing effects of social services, including those provided by humanitarian actors, during civil wars has been relatively well documented, the potential service provision offers for conflict transformation is less well understood. This paper compares the impact of services on conflict transformation through a comparative analysis of services in three civil wars - Northern Ireland, Tajikistan and Sudan. Based on field research conducted in all three countries, it develops a framework for analysis building on the seminal work of Charles Tilly and his collaborators. It argues that causal mechanisms identified by Tilly, including opportunity hoarding and exploitation, offer useful lenses for understanding processes associated with service provision common to all three conflicts and provide a basis for understanding the contribution of service provision to conflict management and transformation in each case.


Relationships between embedded-atom method parameters and the energies of fcc-hcp stability and intrinsic and extrinsic fcc stacking-faults were studied for Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt. It was found that the relative magnitudes of these energies for different metals are determined primarily by the physical input data and are almost independent of the cutoff distance and the functions used in the model. These energies increase with increasing vacancy formation energy, decrease with increasing atomic volume and shear modulus, and are almost independent of variations in the cohesive energy and the bulk modulus. However, the shape of the energy versus cutoff distance curve is almost the same for all six metals and is determined primarily by the cutoff distance and the functions used in the model. The shape for a given model is almost independent of the physical input parameters used for fitting to specific metals, can yield either positive or negative values (determined primarily by the cutoff distance), and is similar for all three energies.


The paper adopts the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,combining with relative major knowledge and experts' experience,has the comprehensive evaluation on the structural design scheme,overcomes the rudeness of the influential factors in the structural scheme selection,and the casualness of personal objective judgment,so as to have more scientific,brief and persuasive optimization of high-rise residential structural scheme.


Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is most commonly used investigation for evaluation of salivary gland lesions. However, the cytological features may overlap so one salivary gland lesions may mimic other. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common lesion that is confused with other lesion. We report an interesting case which was given diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma on cytology and came out to be adenoid cystic on histopathology.


Semen lyophilisation is an interesting technique that might be a cheap alternative to long-term storage in liquid nitrogen. The first significant result of this method was achieved by Wakayama and Yanagimachi in the 1998 and demonstrated, for the first time, the birth of healthy mouse pups from epididymal freeze-dried (mouse) spermatozoa. The authors follow the lyophilisation technique, commonly used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, namely, deep freezing, which requires direct immersion of the semen sample into liquid nitrogen before vacuum drying. In this work, we focused on the freezing phase to improve and make the technique more reliable. We compared two protocols: 1) rapid freezing, where the semen is plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN group), and 2) slow freezing, where the sample is frozen with a freezing rate of 1°C min−1 until −50°C (SL group). Then, both frozen samples were lyophilized. Subsequently, after an interval ranging between 1 and 3 months, dry spermatozoa from LN and SL groups were used for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and the embryo development was evaluated at 24 h (2-cell stage) and 7 days (expanded blastocyst) post-ICSI. Moreover, acrosome integrity was evaluated with Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) staining on part of the semen, immediately after freezing. The LN-group semen showed the acrosome completely melted, whereas the SL group showed better integrity of the acrosome, which was comparable to that of the normal frozen (vital) spermatozoa. At 24 h post-ICSI the number of cleaved embryos in the SL group was higher than in the LN group (42/100 (42%) vs. 19/75 (25.3%), SL and LN, respectively; P = 0.0253). The blastocyst rate 7 days after ICSI in the SL group was higher (7/100 (7%) than that in the LN group (2/75 (2.7%); P = 0.0238). Our data show that lyophilisation can be conveniently achieved in ram spermatozoa without liquid nitrogen, thus simplifying the procedure. These data support the idea that lyophilisation might be a valuable and cheaper alternative to liquid nitrogen for long-term storage of ram semen.


Abstract This paper is designed to improve the efficiency and quality of teaching and learning efforts and to meet the multidimensional information needs of music educators and learners. From the perspective of information fusion technology, we build a multi-source information fusion system based on the basic system architecture. The maximum likelihood, least squares, and D-S algorithms were used to calculate and construct the sampling evaluation index equations. A survey of the teaching methods used in music teaching in colleges and universities was conducted to analyze three strategies needed for college education reform: innovative teaching methods, strengthening teachers' music competence and quality, and establishing feedback mechanisms for college music teaching evaluation. The combined survey results show that 72% of music teachers believe their teaching skills have been greatly enhanced, while students' willingness to take music lessons after using information integration technology has all risen to over 80%.Therefore, in the process of music teaching in colleges and universities, the integration of information integration technology can not only improve students' interest in learning but also improve teachers' teaching ability, which provides a certain degree of reference for the reform of music teaching in colleges and universities.


MAORY (Multi Conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY) is an adaptive optics module able to compensate the wavefront disturbances affective the scientific observation. It is one of the four instruments approved for construction at the ELT and will be installed on the straight-through port of the telescope Nasmyth platform. Due to the size of the optical elements and the instruments itself, a careful evaluation of the optical effects related to the thermal inhomogeneity inside the instrument must be performed. The status of the analysis, the proposed validations, and the solutions proposed to mitigate these effects are presented in this work.


There are so large number of keywords in ATLAS that limited-volume problem might be incurred during the lexical analysis ofATLAS using lexicalanalysis toolLEX.After analyzed characters of ATLAS keywords,symbol table was introduced to LEX to solve this problem.


The discoveries made over the past 20 years by Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys in conjunction with multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopic data available in the same fields have significantly changed the view of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) and galaxy connection. These discoveries have opened up several exciting questions that are beyond the capabilities of current X-ray telescopes and will need to be addressed by observatories in the next two decades. As new observatories peer into the early Universe, we will begin to understand the physics and demographics of SMBH infancy (at $z>6$) and investigate the influence of their accretion on the formation of the first galaxies ($§$ 2.1). We will also be able to understand the accretion and evolution over the cosmic history (at $z\sim$1-6) of the full population of black holes in galaxies, including low accretion rate, heavily obscured AGNs at luminosities beyond the reach of current X-ray surveys ($§$2.2 and $§$2.3), enabling us to resolve the connection between SMBH growth and their environment.


ACTION A selective inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme. Lowers blood glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing hepatic glucose production. Enhances the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion response to GLP-1 and GIP, which are released when food in the GI tract raises blood glucose levels above 3.05 mmol/L (55mg/dL). GLP-1 and GIP are incretin (INtestinal seCRETion of INsulin) peptides that lower blood glucose levels by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have an impaired GLP-1 and GIP response to food and less insulin secretion. In diabetes, saxagliptin increases the amount of active GLP-1 by 2to 3-fold by inhibiting the enzyme that rapidly inactivates it, DPP-4. Enhanced GLP-1 also reduces glucagon secretion which leads to less hepatic glucose production. The postprandial glucose excursion (increase) after a meal is reduced by this drug in patients with T2DM. In mice, beta cell mass and function have been enhanced by DPP-4 inhibitors, but there is no evidence at present of a change in the progressive loss of pancreatic insulin secretion observed in humans with T2DM. GLP-1 also decreases gastric emptying and appetite but these effects are not usually seen with DPP-4 inhibitors and there is usually a neutral effect on weight.


Safe drinking water is essential for human health and sustainable development. In the last 30 years, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) has funded over 200 applied research projects on tools and strategies for improving water and sanitation conditions in poor populations around the world. Realizing that the safety of drinking water is just as dependent on being toxicant free as on being pathogen free, the IDRC initiated WaterTox, a novel international research network with scientific institutions from Argentina, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, India, Mexico, and the Ukraine. The objectives of WaterTox were to develop and validate a battery of simple, inexpensive and practical bioassays for toxicity testing of water samples, to identify and validate appropriate sample concentration alternatives that would allow the battery of bioassays to assess the potential toxicity of waters used for human consumption, and to design, in collaboration with network partners, a strategy to promote the adoption of this battery for toxicity testing at the international level. The bioassays selected for WaterTox were based on the premise that they should be able to be performed in‐country without the need for expensive imported supplies. A description of the procedures to establish the WaterTox project, the laboratories involved, the problems encountered, and results obtained are presented in this overview report. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 15: 264–276, 2000