Abstract This study aims to explain the role of the Village Consultative Board exercises oversight of the village chief in the village of the District Sarimulyo Ngawen Blora. Explaining how the supervision by the Village Board of the Village Government Consultative related to the case experienced by the village head Sarimulyo. The study is descriptive - analytical namely the type of research that aims to describe the symptoms as well analyze the symptoms using a qualitative approach. Subjects were Consultative Body (BPD) Sarimulyo Village, Village Government Sarimulyo, the village community resilience (LKMD) Sarimulyo Village, Community Leaders, Religious Leaders and representatives of villagers Sarimulyo specified. Data were collected by means of interviews, observation, documentation and analysis of literature relevant to this research. Based on the survey results revealed that the role of the Consultative Body (BPD) Sarimulyo village in performing their duties and functions are already well underway. Likewise Sarimulyo village government has been run in accordance with the Purposes and Functions available. However, in the course of the Village Head experiencing problems related to financial abuse village. These issues are a private matter Village head but a common problem for development in the village of Sarimulyo be hampered. Based on the case experienced by the village head can be seen that the performance is still not up to the village government as a violation of existing regulations. Neither the Village Consultative Board performance is not maximized, especially in terms of supervision. Inhibiting factors in the supervision carried out by the Village Consultative Body is cooperation and coordination between the Agency Consultative not maximized village with village government. Keywords: Role of Village Consultative Body (BPD), Village Government, Oversight


What defines a successful pharmaceutical agent for use in type 2 diabetes? The ideal would be one which was taken once and resulted in a cure. This seems some way off, although with the early work on incretin hormones there did seem to be a signal in animal models that beta-cells could recover.1,2 Gastric bypass surgery also seems to indicate that there are gastrointestinal signals that could be manipulated to reverse diabetes.3 Eight years ago I expressed a hope that we might have a cure in 15 years; there are only a few years left to run before I eat my words and many millions continue to consume pharmaceutical agents to ameliorate, although not cure, their diabetes. Nevertheless the last decade has been the time of considerable advance, and new agents are emerging. However, are they safe and effective? Does 'safe' mean 'absolutely safe' or is this comparatively safe compared with the possibility of other adverse effects such as renal failure or blindness? And what is the effect? Lowering HbA1c is a useful surrogate, but surely this is not enough in itself. Longevity might be the aspiration, and what could be a better marker of effect than fewer deaths. And here enter the regulators. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) espoused cardiovascular outcome trials for new diabetes treatments in 2008 in a paper entitled 'Guidance for Industry'4 and headed, on each page, 'Contains Nonbinding Recommendations' (italics are theirs). However, these regulators have shown small inclination to vary their approach, and so the guidance is, in effect, mandated. Carefully formulated definitions apply to both endpoint measures and statistics, although the limits for the confidence intervals have no scientific basis. Now in some respects the focus on cardiovascular outcome is a laudable development, but it may be too blinkered an approach and too risk adverse to be in the best interests of future generations of patients. Risk aversion of regulators is not compensated by any consideration of general good. Regulators sleep easily when no harm can come to anyone, and are certainly not kept awake by the worry that good medicines are consigned to history. If the current regulators and regulations were in place would we even have insulin as a therapy? After all it causes nasty hypoglycaemia. At one level it is clear that new therapies should have the capacity to extend life compared with current agents. Living longer is a recurrent medical aspiration. Nor, in the converse, would one want to be consuming agents that were dangerous or would reduce longevity. However, the clinical situation is not simple. Concentrating on cardiovascular outcome takes no cognisance of the fact that other factors may be the cause of death: what about cancer5 or renal failure? Nor do regulators seem to consider consecutive morbidity. Those with diabetes accumulate morbidity after their first myocardial infarction: they may go onto heart failure, or blindness or amputation. And hypoglycaemia, or the lack of it, may make a huge difference to total mortality: unnoticed hypoglycaemia leads to accidents and fractures, or to aspiration pneumonia or inattention to the risks of cold weather. So total mortality may be hugely influenced by hypoglycaemia when no cardiovascular signal is to be found, and this is probably the most plausible cause of the excess mortality in the ACCORD trial.6 There is a case to challenge the concept of longevity as an aim in itself: there are few who would prefer a long life with severe disability to one that was shorter but with an improved quality of life. So agents that reduce blindness, renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, and especially stroke may be taken by grateful patients even if cardiovascular outcomes were not improved. Secondly, the perfect should not be an enemy of the good. If regulators demand cardiovascular outcome trials this does not have a neutral effect on the pharmaceutical industries or the cost of health services. The cost of a cardiovascular outcome trial has been variously put at US$60–70 million. In 2001 the estimate of cost was US$802 million to develop a new drug and bring it to market and by 2006 the comprehensive estimate of the average cost of developing a new biotechnology product was US$1.2 billion.7 Pharmaceutical companies wishing to launch new products need to have vast resources of financial reserves or need to merge together to ensure such reserves. Fascinatingly, the regulators are gradually forcing the competition out of the market by making drug development so expensive that merging with other companies is the only option for business survival. Moreover, the regulators being strictly risk adverse might be in the interests of their own security or political Cardiovascular trials and diabetes treatments: A regulatory maze


The caries of temporary teeth is still one of the actual problems in the world and in Ukraine. Numerous risk factors of this disease are particularly aggressive against the background of adverse medical and social factors specific to children from orphanages. Thus, according to the literature, 64% of children in orphanages there are with complication of intrauterine development, 10% - with congenital or hereditary diseases; 30-40% of children coming from alcoholic`s families, 50% - from mothers and 13% - from fathers with tuberculosis, syphilis, diabetes, or mental illness. Therefore, the adaptive abilities of this group of children are reduced because their health is formed in a whole range of adverse medical and social, psychological, biological and genetic factors. Most of these children have thyroid diseases, diseases of gastrointestinal tract, respiratory pathology, otolaryngology and kidneys diseases. However, 94,6% of children in orphanages have low immunity and overall resistance, high prevalence of recurrent herpetic infection as a marker of immune disorders. It has been proved that children of boarding -schools have not only high rates of tooth decay, but the poor quality of treatment. Especially critical is the situation in orphanages and boarding -schools which are not equipped by dental rooms.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of hard tissue of temporary teeth in children from boarding schools and orphanages for differentiated preventive and therapeutic measures.
Material and methods. 440 children at the age of 3,5,7,9,12 years from boarding –schools and orphanages that formed the main group and 155 Lviv `s preschool and school children (comparison group) were examined. To assess the state of hard tissue of teeth were determined prevalence (%) and intensity of caries (df). The results were statistically processed using Student's test.
Results of the research. It has been found that the prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in children from boarding- schools and orphanages, on average, 72,06 ± 6,07%, in comparison group of children - 56,93 ± 4,01% (p<0.01). It was found higher prevalence of caries of temporary teeth in 3-year-old children of main group as compared with preschool children of Lviv (68,5 ± 7,09% and 39,2 ± 4,07% respectively (p < 0,001). Up to 7 years in children of boarding -schools prevalence of caries of temporary teeth increases to 94,6 ± 6,07%, decreasing to 78,09 ± 4,09% in 9 years and to 29,63 ± 1,07% at 12 years, due to the physiological replacement of temporary teeth. In the comparison group observed a similar trend. Significant differences between dental caries of girls and boys we have not found, so the gender analysis was not performed. However, in the main group was found the high rates of intensity of caries of temporary teeth, which significantly differed from that of the comparison group. Thus, the intensity of caries of temporary teeth in children from boardingschools, on average, 5,38 ± 0,51 to 3,38 ± 0,17 in children of comparison group (p<0.001). It was found that 3 years-old children of boarding- schools have high intensity of caries of temporary teeth (df = 5,89 ± 0,56). Instead, the children of comparison, this index almost twice as small and amounted 3,20 ± 0,34 (p <0.001). In 5 years, these index is 6,97 ± 0,85 in the main group and 4,96 ± 0,34 (p <0.01) in the comparison group. Up to 7 years the caries intensity of temporary teeth in children of both groups increased and amounted 8,60 ± 0,85 and 5,15 ± 0,34 (p<0,001), respectively. The important indicator of the dental care is a quality of dental health, which is determined by the structure of index "df". Thus, untreated caries teeth "d", which accounts for one child from orphanages, on average, 4,8 ± 0,45 that is 89,22 ± 9,07%, in the comparison group this index is twice lower and amounted 2,06 ± 0,19 (60,94 ± 4,77%) (p <0.001). This significant difference is seen in all age groups (p <0,001). However, the analysis of treated teeth "f", showed that one child in the main group has, on average, only 0,58 ± 0,16 treated tooth, which is significantly lower than children comparison group (1,32 ± 0, 09 tooth, p <0,001). Especially significant difference of this indicator between children of the main group and the comparison group was found in 7-year-olds, indicating a very low level of treatment of children from orphanages, as opposed to children who live in families and run by parents (0,59 ± 0,26 tooth and 2,83 ± 0,22 tooth respectively, p <0.001). We analyzed the prevalence of dental caries in children considering boardingschools and the availability of dental surgeries. Thus, it was found significantly higher prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children in settings where no dentist offices and not conducted a systematic preventive examination of the oral cavity. Thus, on average, caries of temporary teeth was found in 75,46 ± 4,75% of children from orphanages where no dentist offices with an average intensity of caries df = 6,25 ± 0,55 of tooth, which is significantly higher as compared with index of children from boarding- schools, which have dentist offices, where the prevalence of caries is 61,90 ± 5,07% at df = 4,83 ± 0,59 of tooth. Also was found that in the structure of the index "df" of children from boarding- schools where no dentist offices, the indicator of treated teeth "f" is often equal "0" in all age groups and on average was only 0,34 ± 0,03 treated tooth, which is significantly lower than in children, staffed by dental offices, and index f = 1,79 ± 0,12 (p <0,001). Thus, the high level of caries in children from orphanages demonstrates the need for special attention to the health of this category of children, including the timely prevention of tooth decay.


Why is there almost no research about taxes in Sweden? How is it possible that taxation, which influences society and the state so much, is an almost uninvestigated area of research? Neither among political economists, nor economical historians, nor historians is tax a research topic in contemporary Sweden. The Danes have for their part instigated a major research project on the history of Danish taxes. In Finland there are also many historians studying different aspects of taxation, while in Norway the lack of interest is almost as dense as in Sweden. The Finnish researcher Christer Kuvaja has published an anthology dealing with the history of taxation in the Nordic countries from the Middle Ages up to today. However, only four out of 13 articles deal with modern history. The book is a result of an internordic project, but essays about Denmark or Finland dominate. Norway is only represented by one article (Øystein Rian), and Sweden by none.


The bad fame of bohemian king Wenceslas IV, which was deposed by the roman electors in 1400, derives also from their well composed deposition letter, since it became the most important explanatory reference to the contemporary historiographers in the Roman Empire. The article enlightens its different influence phases as well as the slow transformation of its legal arguments into a spectrum of defaming narratives.


Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people might choose to reveal their sexual orientation to others, a process called coming out (CO).1 This process has been described as an essential part of LGB identity formation and integration.2 Studies have repeatedly shown that the CO process has some benefits to the mental health of LGB people, such as higher self-esteem, better well-being, lower anxiety, increased coping resources, feelings of relief and happiness, and more.3 However, Legate, Ryan, and Weinstein found that in g contexts (i.e., when the individual's family is not supportive), disclosing an LGB identity was less common and had negative impacts on well-being.4 LGB people might anticipate judgment and stigmatization because of their identity, which might lead to not disclosing their sexual identity.5 The CO process seems particularly important when LGB individuals come out to their parents and family members, given that it can completely alter family relationships.6 Coming out to family members is particularly stressful because LGB individuals understand that it cannot be easily taken back and because it is more common for financially-dependent adolescents to come out to their parents.7 Family rejection plays a fundamental role in LGB individuals' mental health such that people who report higher family rejection are more likely to also report suicide attempts, high levels of depression, and illicit drug usage.8 Moreover, Pistella et al argue that coming out is a personal decision that can be accelerated or prevented by different personal and familial characteristics, including cultural background.9 Yet, not much is known about how Latinos/as experience their CO process in relation to their cultural values. This paper will discuss how the CO experiences of LGB Latinos/as (i.e., a person of Latin American origin or descent who 8 Coming Out Experiences of LGB Latinos/as: The Role of Cultural Values identifies as gay, lesbian, or bisexual) can be affected by specific cultural values such as religion and collectivism. Meyer conceptualized the stress that minorities (more specifically sexual minorities) go through as "the excess stress to which individuals from stigmatized social categories are exposed as a result of their social, often a minority, position."10 There are three types of minority stress that Meyers explains in his Minority Stress Model: external (i.e., objective stressful events and conditions), the expectations from those events, and the internalization of negative societal attitudes. Moreover, regarding the CO process, LGB people suffer stress from the concealment of their sexual identity (which could be categorized as a proximal, rather than distal, stressor). All of these stressors can negatively impact the mental health of LGB people, including LGB Latinos/as. However, Meyer identifies strategies, such as personal coping mechanisms, resilience, and coping through social structural factors (without any mention of family), that might reduce the risk of negative impacts on the individual's mental health. Nonetheless, Meyer does not mention the stressors that people with a double minority status (e.g., sexual minorities that are also racial minorities in a specific country) might go through and the impact of their culture on their experiences.11 Latino/a Cultural Values Latino/a culture tends to adhere to traditional family values (e.g., specific roles in family hierarchies that should not be broken) and conservative views on social issues (e.g., Latinos/as tend to oppose abortion and gay marriage).12 Therefore, Latinos/as might have a more difficult time accepting queer individuals than people who have liberal views on social issues. For example, Latino/a parents might be less likely to provide support to their children if they decide to come out. Moreover, Latinos/as in the U.S. and in Latin America have high rates of religious belonging, regular churchgoing, and reliance on religious support in their daily life, which might affect their views on LGB individuals.13 Secular Latinos/as tend to be more accepting of same-sex marriage than regularly-attending Catholics.14 Given that Latinos/as tend to adhere to conservative values, Latinos/as and their CO experiences are particularly interesting and important to analyze. Moreover, Eaton and Rios explain that Latinos/ as are more likely than White Americans to support collectivism: defining "oneself in terms of social and cultural roles."15 One cultural role that has been studied in Latinos/as is familismo, which is understood as putting higher importance to the family's needs than to the individual's needs. Familismo, therefore, is an expression of collectivism among Latin Americans.16 Familismo could, ultimately, be a source of information that shapes the behaviors and attitudes of LGB Latinos/as.17 Depression, suicide, and internalizing behaviors have been associated, as well, with familismo among Latinos/as in general.18 Studies have shown that queer Latino men tend to describe their CO process as challenging with respect to collaboration, respect for hierarchies, and the importance of social roles and duties.19 Familisimo is one conservative value that Latinos/as tend to adhere to. Moreover, conservative religious values and norms play an important role in how family members react during the CO process of an LGB person, as well as whether an individual will come out to their family.20 Studies have also shown that the CO process of LGB people to family members is especially difficult in families that identify with right-wing conservative political ideologies and that are religious.21 Religious values and widespread homophobia might be connected to difficulties in LGB sexual identity among Latinos and African Americans.22 In a qualitative study among Latinos/as more than half of the participants experienced a conflict between being Catholic and their sexual orientation during their adolescence.23 It has been shown that the CO process can be a stressful one that might negatively impact an individual's mental health.24 Using minority stress theory to better understand how individuals experience the minority stress that is attached to the CO process, I will explore the particular cultural values that might affect this specific group of people (i.e., LGB Latinos/as) during the coming-out process.25 Research has shown that Latinos/as tend to adhere to familismo, have conservative points of views regarding LGB individuals, and believe in conservative religious values and norms. Because of these factors, it is crucial to understand how Latinos/as experience their CO process, looking at the cultural values that might make it harder or easier for them to come out to their families and friends. There is almost no literature regarding the CO process of Latinos/as or the influence of cultural values on it. However, we know that Latinos/as tend to adhere to traditional family values and conservative points of view on social issues. Moreover, we know about the importance of collectivism, familismo, and religion among Latinos/as. Therefore, the aim of this study is to better understand the CO process of LGB Latinos/ as and how it relates, if at all, to family, collectivism, religion, and conservative point of view by analyzing interviews of a sample of LGB Latinos/as living in the Scholarly Undergraduate Research Journal At Clark University|Volume V 9 United States. Given that there is not much research about this particular topic, a qualitative study is an ideal method to start exploring these possible relations.


The origins of iFoundry can be traced back to "The Engineer of 2020 Project," which forecast the needs of civilization, as well as the education, training, and perspective necessary for the next generation of engineers to succeed. The first phase of the project, The Engineer of 2020: Visions of Engineering in the New Century, published by the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), set forth "a vision for engineering" and the scope of work to be done (2004, p. xi). The second phase, Educating the Engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century, examined how "to enrich the education of engineers who will practice in 2020" (2005, p. xii). As the project noted, the frontiers of science are on the cusp of life-altering advances in "nanotechnology, logistics, biotechnology, and high-performance computing" (The Engineer of 2020, 2004, p. 1). Meanwhile, technological advancements in developing nations present both opportunities and challenges. These circumstances warrant initiatives to fostering transformative innovation. Here in the College of Engineering at the University of Illinois, we seek to address these issues in an effort to anticipate the educational needs of the next generation of technological leaders to invent "the new new thing" (Lewis, 1999). iFoundry was born in the summer of 2007. It was co-founded by Andreas Cangellaris and David Goldberg, faculty in the College of Engineering. It was conceived as a "cross-disciplinary curriculum incubator" ("Who We Are", n.d.). Initially called the Illinois Foundry for Tech Vision and Leadership, it was soon renamed the Illinois Foundry for Innovation in Engineering Education with the notable tagline "Transforming Engineering Education for the 21st Century" (iFoundry website, 2012).


A method for detecting an abnormal process and an apparatus therefor are provided to detect a malicious behavior which produces the abnormal process in a normal process on the based on the execution time of a child process of a target process. A process monitoring unit(213) confirms a process generated in a computing environment. A target process selecting unit(211) selects a target process to be inspected among the processes confirmed in the process monitoring unit, in advance. A process creation time change monitoring unit(215) confirms whether the selected target process requests a creation time change. A creation time change preventing unit(217) prevents the change of creation time of the target process in case the target process requests the change of the creation time. An abnormal process detecting unit(219) determines that the child process of the target process is an abnormal process when the child process is generated within a preset reference time.


AbstractThe hydrologic performance of three partial-infiltration permeable pavement (PP) systems was evaluated at the Kortright Centre for Conservation in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada over 22 months. Partial-infiltration systems allow some stormwater to infiltrate into native soils and drain excess water by way of underdrains. The native soils at Kortright are composed of clayey silt and silty clay till, with clay content ranging from 7 to 30%. Flow restrictors on the underdrains were adjusted to the smallest orifice possible to assess the potential for stormwater outflow volume reductions. The hydraulic behavior of the PP systems was compared with runoff from an asphalt parking lot control. Peak outflow rates from PP were 91% smaller than peak flowrates of asphalt runoff on average, and attenuation of stormwater was observed during all seasons. Stormwater was found to infiltrate at the surface of the PP systems throughout two winters. Although increases in outflow were observed during periods of seasonal tha...


Chain complexes, homology, and cohomology Homological algebra Products Fiber bundles Homology with local coefficients Fibrations, cofibrations and homotopy groups Obstruction theory and Eilenberg-MacLane spaces Bordism, spectra, and generalized homology Spectral sequences Further applications of spectral sequences Simple-homotopy theory Bibliography Index.


Based on the complicated construction conditions and operating conditions of Caohe Aqueduct for the main canal of the Mid-Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project,a numerical simulation and a in-situ test on the monitoring of the impoundment are made on the structural deformation law of Caohe Aqueduct;in which the calculation results and the monitoring data of the deformation of the aqueduct under various operation conditions are comparatively analyzed,which shows that the overall structural deformation of Caohe Aqueduct can meet the requirements of both the design and the specifications concerned.


In this work, several types of reinforcement geometries of hollow-box beams for industrial applications are compared. A novel type of sandwich beams under bending and torsion uncoupled loadings is proposed as the best solution of all those that were studied. For the comparative analysis of the solutions, the models are modelled by the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the commercial software ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The feasibility of the novel beams was assessed by comparing the stiffness behavior of the beams with simple hollow-box beams in terms of deflection. An efficiency parameter was defined in order to determine the relative difference in terms of deflection. It is found that the novel geometries represent a great improvement under bending loadings, better than under torsion loadings. Nevertheless, for bending and torsion combined loadings, if bending stresses are predominant, the beams can still be interesting for some applications, mainly those with mobile parts.


The objective of this paper was to present the activities undertaken in selected dairy plants in Poland as part of sustainability business models to address and reduce food losses in economic, environmental and social dimensions. Therefore, a case study method was used in three dairy plants of different production volume and structure, as well as in ten agricultural holdings supplying these plants with raw milk. The study indicates that in the last two decades of modernization, Polish dairy plants have aligned their operations with the sustainability business model focused on maximizing material and energy efficiency. This is evidenced by such activities as the optimal use of resources at different production stages, lower water and energy consumption and reduced emissionsof pollutants. Opportunities for further development of dairy companies lie in activities consistent with other sustainability business models which are not only technological, but also social and organizational in nature. Their implementation may provide new sources of competitive advantages for companies in the era of growing competition. This is true not only for the dairy industry but also for other agri-food sub-sectors.


The terminology mentors and mentoring is everywhere it is used in different contexts a t all levels of education and training, and across di verse sectors for a variety of purposes. The terms are laden with conflicting interpretation s and expectations from all stakeholders. Namely the VET system and the worker s within this sector, industry and small business and most significantly the clients, who in the case of this paper, are Indigenous apprentices. Mentors and mentoring are also terms that promote t he prospect of 'a magic wand' or a 'quick fix' for complex employment, training and le arning problems as well as more deep-seated cultural negotiations . From an Indigenous apprentice's perspective, these concepts often appear to never quite deliver the level of successful mainstream engageme nt as initially promised.


Participants new to a sporting activity develop initial motivations while being confronted with a variety of constraints that must be successfully negotiated in order to participate. Further, motivations change over time, as do constraints, but there has been little examination of these concepts with regard to new participants. As such, this study examined why new collegiate club sport members were motivated to join a sport club and what constraints they face. Through semistructured interviews (N = 11) new sport club members reported being motivated by a variety of reasons, while social support acted as a strong facilitator to continued involvement.


Technique of mass and inertia simulating is proposed to simulate spacecraft's mass and inertia on a ground physical docking dynamics simulation test bed,which makes the docking test bed simulate different mass spacecraft docking.A barbell mass and inertia simulator is designed.Configuration of the barbell simulator is presented,adjusting parameters and range are made,and simulating error is analyzed.Results show that the barbell mass and inertia simulator is a novel structure with accuracy,simplicity and convenience.


One of the speech synthesizer problems is the unnaturalness and unintelligible production of speech. It is believed that wave modification could also contribute to the distortion of synthesized speech. The objective of a unit selection speech corpus is to provide a few possible instance of unit in order to produce synthesized speech as close to human speech production without the need (or slight need) to perform wave modification. Different from a standard prerecorded speech database, unit selection allow multiple instances for same unit to be presented in a corpus. These instances are differentiated by a unique combination of acoustic and linguistic value. These acoustic and linguistic values form a set of speech corpus parameter. To minimize distortion in concatenative speech synthesizer, parameters of selected segments need to reflect the quality of natural speech. The selection process depends on the priority level of each parameter in the corpus. These parameters design unit selection model. One of the proposed parameter is adjacent phoneme of the target unit. This paper will describe the analysis on micro-prosody behaviour particularly in pitch. We will also see how adjacency influenced the changes in micro-prosodic features and how the physics of speech contribute to the changes in micro-prosodic aspect.


to be presented at Retrovirus Conference. CRIA's researchers will be presenting results of our recent pilot independent trial of topical Acelylsalicylic Acid (aspirin) combined with Diethyl Ether in the treatment of peripheral neuropathy at Februa ry ' s E igh th Con fe rence on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Chicago. CRIA Board Member Jill Cadman proposed the study to our Research Advisory Committee because so many of our patients suffer with this painful condition on a daily basis. No effective treatment has been developed to address either the root causes of peripheral neuropathy or to alleviate its symptoms. It was hoped that the topical application of aspirin would at least offer more effective relief than aspirin taken orally or other alternative existing therapies. Fortunately, the results of our trial were positive. We are naturally excited to publicize these findings to the national HIV scientific community in the hopes that care providers will begin to consider use of topical aspirin as a way to alleviate pain for many thousands of individuals who suffer with peripheral neuropathy. Look for a copy of the abstract following its presentation at the February conference to be included in the next CRIA Update as well as on our web site. CRIA Begins New Study of Genotypic Testing CRIA has begun working with Visible Genetics to conduct a new study of their genotypic testing product. This is our first foray into examining the potential benefits of the relatively new diagnostic tests. CRIA's protocol, called Vigilance II, has two goals. First, it will look at whether treatment outcomes for patients whose physicians use results of genotypic tests to help determine which antiretroviral drugs to prescribe differ from patients whose physicians do not utilize this information. Second, the study will allow us to develop a database that quantifies the prevalence of different HIV strains within the New York City area. Such information can possibly help physicians to prescribe regimens that are more likely to be effective from the start at suppressing HIV. Our new database would also be valuable for HIV researchers in designing innovative trials. CRIA's goal is to enroll 1,000 patients into Vigilance II over the next 12-months. Call our research department if you have any questions about this study. CRIA Board Elections CRIA is pleased to announce the re-election of Board Members Marisa Cardinale, Bob Colacello, Douglas Dieterich, MD, Tiffany Dubin and Renaldo Herrera at our September 20 th Annual Meeting. Also, after four years on the Board, Brian Hayman decided to resign his position. CRIA's staff would like to thank all of these individuals for the commitment they have shown to our work over the past several years and the direction they will provide to us in the years to come. CRIA's staff would like to extend our best wishes for a happy and healthy New Year. CRIA NEWS CRIA NEWS CRIA NEWS CRIA NEWS CRIA NEWS acknowledging our friends... Thoughtful donations in memory of the following remind us of what is at stake in the fight against AIDS: GENEROUS CONTRIBUTORS Return Postage Address Correction Requested Contributions in support of CRIA's vital research initiatives were made in honor of the following individuals: The following persons, corporations and organizations made major donations between September 16 and December 15, 2000 to support CRIA's research and education efforts: ® CRIA Update is sponsored in part by unrestricted educational grants from: COMMUNITY RESEARCH INITIATIVE ON AIDS 230 West 38th Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10018 Phone: (212) 924-3934, FAX: (212) 924-3936 NON-PROFIT ORG.


This cross-sectional study examines whether patients with cancer without symptoms of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxic effects can be accurately identified using a text message–based triage instrument and safely proceed to treatment.


It is well recognized that channel state information (CSI) feedback plays a key role in the performance of closed-loop wireless networks. However, most work on energy efficiency (EE) typically studies this problem from the downlink data transmission point of view. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to investigate the EE for wireless communication networks through controlling the channel state information (CSI) in the feedback link, in which a number of multiple-antenna mobile transmitters exchange information with their corresponding mobile receivers using linear precoding for interference reduction. Specially, we formulate this EE maximization problem in the analytical setting of a game theoretic framework, and propose a two-level Stackelberg-type CSI feedback control game (SCFC) to balance the bandwidth and power consumptions in a distributed manner. The existence of the equilibriums of such games is proved, and the convergence behavior is investigated. Simulation results show that by adjusting the pricing factor, the proposed distributed SCFC game effectively improves the EE performance.


An analysis and design of distributed frequency doublers is presented at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies, including the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands. The phase condition required for coherent output summation in the distributed multipliers is analyzed to maximize the output power and bandwidth. Based on the analysis, two mm-wave distributed frequency doublers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The first doubler combines three unit cells in a distributed manner, while the insertion phase is equalized between the input and output artificial transmission lines (T-lines). A differential quasi-cascode structure is proposed for each unit cell, which enables the bandwidth extension and chip-size reduction. The differential doubler exhibits a measured peak output power and a conversion gain of 3.5 dBm and −2.5 dB, respectively, at the output frequency of 165 GHz. At 276 GHz, the output power and conversion gain are 1.6 dBm and −6.2 dB, respectively. The doubler maintains high output power above −5 dBm from 108 to 316 GHz, which covers almost the entire <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands. The second doubler combines five single-ended cascode unit cells to improve the output power and conversion gain. A bandpass filter is employed at the output T-line for spurious signal suppression. The single-ended doubler shows a measured peak output and conversion gain of 5.5 dBm and 0.3 dB, respectively, at 240 GHz. The bandwidth for −5-dBm output is from 220 to 290 GHz. Both doublers occupy a small chip area of 0.23 and 0.27 mm2, respectively, including all probing pads.


In late 2017, the Malaysian National Annex (NA) to Eurocode 8 (EC8) was released and enacted following some 13 years of deliberations and preparations. The authors of this paper aim to use this article to share their experiences and reflections during this period of developing the first national standard for the seismic design of buildings for Malaysia. To begin with, there were major challenges in implementing the 20-year-old EC8 framework for a country so far away from Europe. The first challenge was adapting the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) methodology in a low-to-moderate seismicity region where the paucity of representative seismic data presented a great deal of uncertainties. To address this situation, imposing a minimum level of seismic hazard was recommended. The second challenge was about dealing with the outdated EC8 site classification scheme, which poorly represents the potential effects of soil amplification in certain geological settings. To address this situation, an alternative site classification scheme in which the site natural period is an explicit modelling parameter was introduced. The third challenge was concerned with difficulties generated by the EC8 provisions mandating Ductility Class Medium (DCM) detailing in certain localities where the level of seismic hazard is predicted to exceed a certain threshold. To address this situation, the viable option of using strength to trade off for ductility was recommended, or in cases where ductility design is needed, a simplified set of code-compliant DCM designs was presented. The fourth challenge was about handling the requirements of EC8 that the majority of buildings are to involve dynamic analysis in their structural design when the majority of practising professionals did not have the skills of exercising proper use of the requisite software. To address this situation, a generalized force method was introduced to control the use dynamic analysis in commercial software. It is hoped that, through sharing the lessons learnt, code drafters for the future would be able to find ways of circumventing the multitude of challenges with clear thinking and pragmatism.


The literature review is presented dedicated to the problem of degenerative lateral stenosis of lumbar vertebral canal. The data of pathological anatomy, types and clinical signs of lateral stenosis are presented. The possibilities of current instrumental diagnostics of this pathology described as well as treatment options are discussed. The indications for surgical treatment and various types of surgical interventions are enumerated.


Automated panoramic mosaicing method based on cylindrical coordinates is simple and fast, so it is used widely. But there are two problems in this method: the first is that nonlinear least square iterative refining depends on selection of initial value, and often falls in local minima; the second is that not considering the small rotation of camera around optic axis issue results in mis registering between images. A robustness improved fast algorithm is presented for automated panoramic mosaicing. Firstly, using down sampled small images to compute cross correlation, good initial parameters approaching the best solution are obtained and then the parameters are refined by nonlinear least square iterative method. When refining, a parameter of small rotation around image center is added. This algorithm is appropriate for images taken by hand held camera.


Abstract We present an investigation of the metal enrichment of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) by galactic winds and merger-driven starbursts. We use combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations with a semi-numerical galaxy formation model. The inhomogeneities in the metal distribution caused by these processes are an ideal tool to reveal the dynamical state of a galaxy cluster. We show that X-ray weighted metal maps distinguish between pre- or post-merger galaxy clusters by comparing the metallicity distribution with the galaxy-density distribution: pre-mergers have a metallicity gap between the subclusters, post-mergers a high metallicity between subclusters.


The symposium addressed the efficacy and safety of compounds currently available for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in North American and European countries, comparing data from trials and clinical practice. Prof Wedemeyer opened the meeting with a discussion of real-world experiences, with a focus on HCV genotypes (GTs) and resistance-associated variants (RAV). Prof Brown concentrated on trial and real-world data from patients with advanced liver disease, while Prof Craxí's presentation focussed on chronic kidney conditions and infection. Prof Jacobson led the question and answer session and summarised the discussions.


It was pointed out recently that the neutron oscillation into mirror neutron, a sterile state exactly degenerate in mass with the neutron, could be the most rapid process with the the baryon number violation, even faster than the neutron decay itself. This process is sensitive to the magnetic field and it could be observed by comparing the neutron lose rates in the UCN storage chambers for different magnetic backgrounds. The data of the experiment performed in Grenoble with the magnetic field B = 0.06 indicate that the neutron loses are sensitive to the orientation of the magnetic field, at the 3σ confidence level. This signal, if confirmed in the future experiments with the better accuracy, can be explained by the presence of the sufficiently strong mirror magnetic field on the Earth, in the range B = (0.03− 3) G, or some other spin-dependent force that makes difference between the neutron and mirror neutron states. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com


If you have had the experience of shooting rolls of film on an important death investigation, whether it be death scene, autopsy photographs, or pictures of evidence, and your photos are rendered useless by over- or under-exposure, lack of a measuring guide, extraneous blood and gore rendering them inadmissable, or for any other reason, you are aware of the value of at least a minimum of knowledge in photographic technique.


Adipic acid is an important bulk chemical used in the nylon industry, as well as in food, plasticizers and pharmaceutical fields. It is thus considered one of the most important 12 platform chemicals. The current production of adipic acid relies on non-renewable petrochemical resources and emits large amounts of greenhouse gases. The bio-production of adipic acid from renewable resources via engineered microorganisms is regarded as a green and potential method to replace chemical conversion, and has attracted attention all over the world. Herein we review the current status of research on several artificial pathways for the biosynthesis of adipic acid, especially the reverse degradation pathway, which is a full biosynthetic method and has achieved the highest titer of adipic acid so far. Other artificial pathways including the fatty acid degradation pathway, the muconic acid conversion pathway, the polyketide pathway, the α-ketopimelate pathway and the lysine degradation pathway are also discussed. In addition, the challenges in the bio-production of adipic acid via these artificial pathways are analyzed and the prospects are presented with the intention of providing some significant points for the promotion of adipic acid biosynthesis.


The present invention concerns a process for developing UNICO DERIVATIVES 7 - heterocyclyl - SUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC quinolone acid 3. ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT HAVE AN INTENSE. These include ACTIVE SUBSTANCES SUCH AS ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin.


A millimeter-wave power meter using a perfect absorber is designed. The power sensor consisted of a highly-doped silicon absorption substrate with a multi-layer anti-reflection structure, is fabricated with the graded-index mechanism. Using differently doped silicon wafers can tune the transmissivity of each layer, which brings conductivity changing gradually from 1S/m to 4000S/m. The EM simulation results demonstrate that absorption above 99% can be achieved from 75GHz to 220GHz.


The history of U.S. business ethics and CSR exhibits some key normative continuities and stability. I argue that these normative continuities and stability are underlain by moral background discontinuities and variation. The former I call "first-order" stability and the latter I call "second-order" variation. The second-order or moral background level is where the action is—at least, the action that sheds most light on our understanding of society, morality, and the moral foundations of capitalist societies. Next, I consider one facet of the moral background that might be of special interest to business ethics and CSR scholars: the demarcation of morality. How are boundaries between moral and non-moral things drawn? How are they institutionalized and policed? How do they vary across time and place? However, I also show why these empirical questions are conceptually trickier than they may appear at first sight.


Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal which is indicated by systolic and diastolic numbers on blood pressure checks. Hypertension is known as the silent killer, it is proven to often appear without symptoms. Based on WHO data in 2015, it shows that in the word, approximately 976 milion people or 26.4% of the word's population suffer from hypertension. While in Indonesia, 1.8% 28.6% of the population aged over 20 years are hypertensive sufferers. Based on data obtained from kawua public health Center, the cases of hypertension in Lembomawo subdistrict were


A drum of a drum type washing machine is provided to prevent a sliding door of the drum from being accidentally opened by locking the sliding door by using a rotary hanging unit, thereby capable of locking the sliding door stably and improving reliability. A drum of a drum type washing machine(100) comprises a drum body(10), a sliding door(20), a fixing member(30), and a hanging unit(33). An opening is vertically formed at the drum body. The sliding door selectively switches the opening of the drum body. The fixing member is mounted at an end of the sliding door and moved by centrifugal force when the drum body rotates. The hanging unit is mounted at the drum body and wherein the fixing member can be hung. The fixing member is a rotary hanging member hinged to the sliding door, wherein a hanging unit(31) is formed at the front end.


Objective:To analysis the clinical features of tuberculous peritonitis and the reason that misdiagnose as ovarian cancer.Methods:36 cases of tuberculous peritonitis were retrospectively reviewed clinical manifestation,diagnosis,and treatment.Results:The main clinical features of tuberculous peritonitis included abdominal distention,ascites,and pelvic mass.There were 13(36.1%) cases preoperatively misdiagnosed as ovarian cancer.The serum CA_(125) levels(mean value 400.2 u/ml) elevated in 35 cases of total 36 cases.The final diagnosis was made in 3 pre-operation and 33 post-operation.Surgical approach included 6 affected lateral adnexectomy,5 affected lateral salpingectomy,5 abscess drainage,and 17 biopsy.All patients received antituberculosis therapy after operation.Conclusions:The clinical manifestation of tuberculous peritoneal is extremely similar to that of ovarian cancer which results in misdiagnosis in clinical practice.Surgery is a good way to distinguish them and get final diagnosis,and it can also remove tuberculous lesion with shorten medicine regimen,and improve curing.


The Small and Medium-sized Enterprises' (SMEs) level of organizational cybersecurity readiness has been poorly investigated to date. Currently, all SMEs need to maintain an adequate level of cybersecurity to run their businesses, not only those wishing to fully exploit digitalization's benefits. Unfortunately, due to their lack of resources, skills, and their low level of cyber awareness, SMEs often seem unprepared. It is essential that they address the digital threats that they face by using technology and complementary (and not alternative) factors, such as guidelines, formal policies, and training. All these elements trigger development processes regarding skills, awareness, the organizational cybersecurity culture, and the organizational resilience. This paper describes Italy's first multidisciplinary attempt to assess its SMEs' overall cybersecurity readiness level. We used a survey as its initial quantitative assessment approach, although SMEs can also use it as a cyber self-assessment tool, which prepares them better to navigate the digital ecosystem. Thereafter, we held semi-structured interviews to explore the critical points that had emerged from the study's first phase. The overall results show that SMEs have not yet achieved high levels of organizational readiness. SMEs are currently starting to set the stage for their organizational cyber readiness and will, therefore, have to take many more proactive steps to address their cyber challenges.


Purpose. To confirm the possibility of manufacturing thin-layer water-repellent coatings based on red mud particles. Methodology. In this work, red mud was used to create a microtexture. The decontamination process was carried out at a temperature of 950 °C to lower the pH. Stearic acid, methyltriethoxysilane, and octyltriethoxysilane were used as hydrophobic agents. Styrene-butyl-acrylate polymer was used as a polymeric binder. A laser particle analyzer was used to obtain particle size data. An optical microscope and a digital camera were used to take photographs of the sample surface. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the modification of the red mud using KBr pellets as an inert carrier. The water contact angles were measured by the sessile drop method using a goniometer and a digital camera. The determination of contact angles for hydrophilic materials was performed by the Washburn thin-walled capillary impregnation method. Findings. The paper considers one of the options for utilizing red mud to obtain a micro-sized base for water-repellent coatings. It is shown that the largest water contact angle is 143° and is achieved by using stearic acid as a modifier in thin-film composites depleted of binder. It has been established that red mud can be considered as a suitable basis for obtaining hierarchical systems with the prospect of achieving a hydrophobic state along with conventional dispersed fillers. Originality. It is shown for the first time that coatings with high water-repellent properties can be obtained on the basis of red mud particles. Practical value. The method of treatment of aluminum production waste - red mud, which consists in sintering, dispersing and hydrophobization, and the corresponding composition of the organic-mineral coating based on prepared particles, which has a uniform water-repellent surface, have been developed.


In article the work of a line on manufacture of an aluminum rolled wire by a method of continuous casting is considered. The cooling conditions influence of an aluminum rolled wire on an output from the rolling mill on its strength is investigated.


After more than a century of salt exploitation in the Slanic Prahova massif, under the condition of maximum security, these last few almost insurmountable difficulties have appeared, throwing doubt upon the continuation of the mining activity With the extension of the mining activity, water rushes appeared and could not be stopped despite all efforts.


Two prior papers and several patents have considered improvements to a gas turbine engine's cycle efficiency by using two turbines in series with an intermediate heat exchanger that preheats combustion air. This approach allows heating the combustion air to temperatures higher than those that can be achieved with "conventional regeneration" in which the combustion products are fully expanded across a turbine before any heat recovery. Since heat addition in the combustor of the "alternative regeneration" cycle occurs at a higher average temperature, then under certain conditions the cycle efficiency can be higher than that available from a cycle using conventional regeneration. This paper reconsiders the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle with more detailed modeling than has been presented previously. The revised modeling shows that the alternative regeneration cycle can produce efficiencies higher than conventional regeneration, but only for a more limited set of conditions than previously reported. For high-technology engines operating at high temperatures, the alternative regeneration cycle efficiencies can be three to four percentage points better than comparable conventional regeneration cycles. For lower-technology engines, which are more typical of those currently installed, improvements in efficiency only occur at lower values of heat exchanger effectiveness, which limits the usefulness of the alternative regeneration cycle. Also considered is an extension to the cycle that employs a second heat exchanger downstream of the second turbine for the purpose of further preheating the combustion air. In its optimum configuration, this "staged heat recovery" can produce additional small improvements of between 0.3 and 2.3 percentage points in cycle efficiency, depending on the particular cycle parameters assumed.


Definition of small group According to the typical view, a small group consists of a group of 8-12 students who are headed or facilitated by a teacher. Purist view adds to this by saying that the group needs to be focused on a particular topic and needs to adopt a learner centre approach. In a clinical setting, such groups typically consist of a pair of students or 3-4 trainees practically working with a healthcare team [1].


inhibitor system containing cobalt salts for gas conditioning solutions. This system comprises an inhibitory concentration of one part by weight of a quaternary pyridinium salt and 0.001 to 10 parts of a thio compound which is a water soluble thiocyanate in water or an organic thioamide and a small amount of cobalt in the form of divalent cobalt compound soluble in water. This inhibitor system is not toxic unlike previous systems that include arsenic, antimony or vanadium, and is used to prevent corrosion of iron and steel by CO2 present in the solutions in question.


A 49.5μW multichannel time-to-digital converter (TDC) with 2D/3D imaging fusion for avalanche photodiode (APD) Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor is proposed. The two-level TDC based on gated ring oscillator (GRO) effectively reduces the operating time of the oscillator and power consumption. When the echo signal is saturated, a larger signal will widen the output of transimpedance amplifier (TIA). Using TDC to quantify the pulse width, we can establish the relationship between the pulse width and the echo signal intensity after saturation. Therefore, the dynamic range of the 2D imaging is extended by look-up-table (LUT). In addition, the time of flight (ToF) with the walk-error compensation is obtained by the double threshold timing discriminator. A PLL is used to calibrate the frequency of the GRO in the TDC array for PVT variation. With a standard 55nm CMOS process, the TDC achieved 250ps resolution and 14 bits depth for ToF, 250ps resolution and 7 bits depth for the pulse width. The dynamic range of 2D imaging is extended from 44dB to 64dB by TDC. The power consumption of the proposed TDC is only 49.5μW@100kS/s, and the layout area is 4690μm2.


In order to prevent mine shaft destruction accidents,mine shaft destruction were analyzed by fuzzy cluster algorithm based on VB language and the fuzzy cluster mathematic model of the analysis of mine shaft destruction in Yanzhou.Operational results indicate that when cut set λ=0.075,fuzzy clusters of destroyed shafts and undestroyed shafts can be classified into two types to analyze and evaluate the possibilities of future mine destructions.Using this results,a preventive control measurements over shaft 3 in Jining Coal Mine of Yanzhou Coal Mine Group were conducted in 2005.


As being an essential tool for estimating spatial continuous data, interpolation methods have been applied to various disciplines concerned with the Earth's surface. In the paper, six spatial interpolation algorithms, including an internationally popular ANUDEM method and five other commonly used interpolation methods, were applied in three different landform regions, that is, hills, mountains and alpine area. Quality analysis and accuracy comparison were carried out using random point check, overlay comparison between derived contours with original ones, and 3D visualization analysis etc. Experimental results show that the accuracies of DEMs generated by ANUDEM are the highest. IDW method ranks the second. TIN, Kriging and natural neibourhood methods have similar accuracy, and the spline-function method is the last. For a specific interpolation method, the greater the terrain undulates, the lower the accuracy of the generated DEM is. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


The structure activity relationship between the C16-C17 methylene double bond on the aglycone of steviol glycosides and the corresponding impact on their sweet taste has been reported here for the first time. It has been observed that converting stevioside and rebaudioside A to their corresponding ketones by switching the doubly bonded methylene on C-17 for a ketone group actually removes the sweet taste properties of these molecules completely. Regenerating the original molecules tends to restore the sweet taste of both the steviol glycosides. Thus this C16-C17 methylene double bond in rebaudioside A and stevioside can be regarded as a pharmacophore essential for the sweetness property of these molecules.


The invention discloses a novel smart watch for an infant and relates to the technical field of wearable equipment. The novel smart watch comprises a watch body. A watch band A is connected one end of the watch body. A watch band B is connected to the other end of the watch body. The watch band A and the watch band B are connected in a fastened manner. The watch band A and the watch band B are made of polyvinyl chloride or silica gel. The watch body comprises a control module. A plurality of buttons are disposed on one side of the control module. A circle of flexible housing sleeves the periphery of the control module. The flexible housing is provided with a plurality of button holes matched with the buttons. The control module is provided with a touch display panel. The touch display panel is provided with an indicator lamp area and a rectangular display area. A temperature sensor is disposed in the control module. The novel smart watch for the infant is simple in structure and convenient in infant body temperature monitoring.


Frictional heat is generated when a train wheels pass over the rail. In addition heat is also generated by the use of an eddy current brake system. This generated heat causes a variation in the temperature of a rail's surface; it accelerates the formation of both rolling contact fatigue and wear on the wheel/rail contact surface; and threatens the running safety of railway vehicles. The convective heat transfer characteristics on the surface of a rail when the train passes over it are very important in determining the temperature change of the rail. This paper reports experimental results of the convective heat transfer characteristics on a rail's surface when a rolling wheel passes over the rail. A test model was created based on the configuration commonly used in a two-bogie car. The local and average heat transfer coefficients of the test section of the rail were obtained. The heat transfer results were extended to the real case using an analogy between the frequencies of the test wheel and train wheels. The results show that when the speed is less than 182 km/h, the intensity of convection heat transfer on the rail's surface increases with an increase in the speed of the train, however, it decreases significantly when the speed is larger than 182 km/h.


ObjectiveThis paper aims to analyze the Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) mortality time trend in Brazil.MethodologyIt is an epidemiological temporal trend study with information on NHL deaths from 1980 to 2012 (obtained from the Mortality National System), standardized by age using the direct method. A Poisson (joinpoint) model was employed to estimate the Annual Percent Change (APC) of NHL mortality.ResultsIn Brazil and the southeastern region, there was a statistically significant increasing trend in the mortality ratio by NHL only from 1989 to 1998 (APC=3.4%; p<0.05 and APC=3.0%; p<0.05, respectively), while in the middle west (APC=2.3%; p<0.05), north (APC=1.5%; p<0.05) and northeast regions (APC=3.1%; p<0.05), the increasing trend was constant throughout the whole study period. In the south region, there was no statistically significant trend in NHL mortality during the study period.ConclusionsThe increasing trends in NHL mortality observed were not homogeneous; therefore, future studies should be conducted to understand its risk factors.


Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems allow all peers to communicate and share resources with equal responsibility thereby eliminating the need for central authorities. These networks have gained wide popularity in providing services ranging from file sharing to distributed computing applications. In P2P networks the peers can join or leave the system dynamically and so the network topology changes due to this behavior. These features of a P2P make it vulnerable to different types of attacks. Trust and Reputation models can be used to minimize the impact of such threats. This paper proposes a trust model to identify malicious nodes in a P2P network. The main aim of the paper is to deploy a trust model for determining the trust value of peers with the notion of avoiding malicious ones. In this paper the global trust of a base peer is computed by only those set of peers that are reliable to the base peer. This can greatly help to reduce the computation and communication overhead associated with other trust and reputation based models where all the interacted peers have to respond to compute the global trust of the base peer. The proposed model takes the responsibility to detect malicious nodes and eliminates them from the system. General Terms Algorithms, Reliability, Security.


Cultivation immigration to Taiwan formed the villages by the relationship of territory or consanguinity. The selt-government organ of villages functioned as administrative units with regulations stipulated to have the villagers obligated. And the villagers had their own common belief.


It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 1st ACM SIGPLAN International Workshop on Programming Language and Systems Technologies for Internet Clients (PLASTIC 2011). The focus of the workshop is both on innovative solutions in the area of Internet client software that improve on the current state-of-the-art, as well as on bold, new ideas that break with the current status quo.

PLASTIC 2011 accepted 6 regular (long) papers and 2 position (short) papers from a variety of areas related to Internet client technologies, including Internet clients security as well as design, implementation and analysis of programming languages used to program Internet clients.


pattern element) abstraction (pattern quality) algorithms, versus patterns Alexandrian form aliases (pattern element) also known as (pattern element) anti-pattern applicability (pattern element) architectural pattern canonical form coding pattern collaborations (pattern element) elements of a pattern composability (pattern quality) conceptual pattern consequences (pattern element) context (pattern element) data structures, versus patterns design pattern design patterns, versus frameworks dynamics (pattern element) emergent behavior encapsulation (pattern quality) equilibrium (pattern quality) examples (pattern element) forces (pattern element) framework frameworks, versus design patterns gate, the generative patterns generativity, of "the quality" generativity (pattern quality) GoF format greyhound principle hollywood principle hype-no-cratic oath idiom implementation (pattern element) intent (pattern element) known uses (pattern element) large lump development motivation (pattern element) name (pattern element) object-oriented design pattern organic order openness (pattern quality) participants (pattern element) patlet pattern pattern, elements of pattern, kinds of pattern catalog pattern language pattern system pattern mining pattern, qualities of pattern thumbnail patternity test piecemeal growth problem (pattern element) programming pattern proto-pattern qualities of a pattern quality, the quality without a name, the QWAN rationale (pattern element) related patterns (pattern element) resolution of forces (pattern element) resulting context (pattern element) rule of three rules, versus patterns software framework solution (pattern element) strange attractors structure (pattern element) three laws of architecture thumbnail sketch variability (pattern quality) variants (pattern element) way, the Brad Appleton <email@example.com> http://www.bradapp.net/


A factorization theory is proposed for Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel operators with almost periodic Fourier symbols. We introduce a factorization concept for the almost periodic Fourier symbols such that the properties of the factors will allow corresponding operator factorizations. Conditions for left, right, or both-sided invertibility of the Wiener-Hopf plus Hankel operators are therefore obtained upon certain indices of the factorizations. Under such conditions, the one-sided and two-sided inverses of the operators in study are also obtained.


This work presents the provisional results of the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks in respect to impactites. It is proposed to distinguish between impactites resulting from a single impact (e.g., at terrestrial impact craters) and those resulting from multiple impacts (e.g., lunar rocks or meteorites). The former are subdivided into two major groups: Proximal and distal impactites. Proximal impactites are: (1) Shocked rocks, (2) Impact melt rocks, and (3) Impact breccias. Distal impactites comprise (1) Tektites, Microtektites, and (2) Air fall beds. Impactites formed by multiple impacts fall into two groups: (1) Impact regolith and (2) Shock-lithified impact regolith.


Objective To observe the efficacy of Pulmicort aerosol inhalation in adjuvant treatment of children mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) . Methods 84 children with MP were randomized into a treatment group with oral Azithromycin associated with inhalation of Pulmicort and a control group with Azithromycin alone. Serum eosimophil,interleukin-4,and total IgE were determined before and after administrations. Results The treatment group had better outcomes than the control group(P 0. 05) . The disappearing time of clinical symptoms was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P 0. 05) . Conclusion Aeresd inhalation with Pulmicort in adjuvant therapy of MP holds better clinical outcomes than simple anti-inflammation treatment.


Abstract B 158 is a Seleucid-period manuscript of the bilingual Balaĝ prayer Ukkin-ta eš-bar til-la. The tablet, which was found at Babylon in 1902 and is edited here for the first time, contains major portions of text that have hitherto been unknown. The prayer is suffused with first-millennium Nabû theology and contains a unique literary request for revenge against the enemy in the mountain lands. The findspot of B 158 may shed light on the provenance of the Late Babylonian kalûtu library of the Nanna-utu family.


Revised and updated, the Third Edition is a singlevolume encyclopedia for home or office. It is compre hensive in scope and includes full-color flags for more than 200 countries of the world; 24 full-color world maps—continents, oceans, earthquake zones, Euro pean trade organizations, and the effects of global warming and acid rain; and a 128-page ready refer ence, with more than 10,000 entries.


Objective To investigate the effects of pregnancy-ending stage on gravida and infant in parturients with early-onset severe preeclampsia. Methods A total of 191 parturients with early-onset severe preeclampsia was devided into three groups of A(pregnancy was ended in 28-31 weeks),B(pregnancy was ended in 32-33 weeks) and C(pregnancy was ended in stage of 34 weeks).The outcomes of parturients and infants were compared. Results The incidence rate of respiratory dystress syndrom(RDS) was higher in group A than that in groups of B and C(26% vs.7% and 10%)(P0.05).The incidence rate of perinatal death was higher in group A than that in groups of B and C(43% vs.28% and 23%)(P0.05).The induced labor and parents-given up resuscitation were the main causes for perinatal death(P0.01). Conclusion The incidence rates of infant RDS and perinatal death can be reduced when pregnancy was ended in greater than 32(better 34) weeks in the parturients with early-onset severe preeclampsia.To reduce the influence of ssocial factor as much as possible is helpful in improving the survival rate of infants.


In this paper, we describe the research part of a collaboration between a large telecommunications company and Aalto University built around a programming course arranged by Aalto University for the company's software developers. This research involved examining several of the software developers' understandings of matters related to software development and quality in both a learning and a professional development context. The study uses qualitative analysis of questionnaires and interviews to produce descriptions of how the developers understood the software development process and testing and the information sources and needs they had when debugging.


Recent studies have implicated the complement system in the pathogenesis of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), prompting the development of novel therapeutic agents to target the complement system accordingly. The pivotal role of complement component C5a, in particular, has been the subject of a number of phase II and phase III clinical trials. Indeed, the US Food and Drug Administration has already approved avacopan, an oral C5a receptor inhibitor, as an adjunct for the treatment of active severe AAV, based on its favourable safety profile and non-inferiority to glucocorticoids (GCs) (at Week 26). The novel monoclonal anti-C5a antibody vilobelimab has also been studied in a phase II trial in patients with AAV (IXchange; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03895801). The results appear promising; in addition to decreased GC toxicity index, a smaller number of treatment-emergent adverse events have been observed in vilobelimab-treated patients. However, the study was not powered statistically to compare the efficacy of vilobelimab to standard GC treatment. This editorial summarizes the study findings and outlines potential future directions.


Rohini Somerset-Butler complains (letters June 22) about nurses in uniform shopping in supermarkets seemingly oblivious to the risks from contamination.


List of contributors Preface 1. Introducing corpus annotation Geoffrey Leech 2. Grammatical tagging Geoffrey Leech 3. Syntactic annotation: treebanks Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes 4. Semantic annotation Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas 5. Discourse annotation: anaphoric relations in corpora Roger Garside, Steve Fligelstone and Simon Botley 6. Further levels of annotation Geoffrey Leech, Anthony McEnery and Martin Wynne 7. A hybrid grammatical tagger: CLAWS4 Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith 8. How to generalise the task of annotation Steve Fligelstone, Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson 9. Improving a tagger Nicholas Smith 10. Retageting a tagger Fernando Sanchez Leon and Amalio F.Nieto-Serrano 11. The use of syntactic annotation tools: partial and full parsing Jeremy Bateman, Jean Forrest, and Tim Willis 12. Higher-level annotation tools Roger Garside and Paul Rayson 13. A corpus/annotation toolbox Anthony McEnery and Paul Rayson 14. A corpus-based grammar tool Anthony McEnery, John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson 15. The exploitation of multilingual annotated corpora for term extraction Anthony McEnery, Jean-Marc Lange, Michael Oakes and Jean Veronis 16. Cross-linguistic guidelines for the annotation of corpora Peter Kahrel, Ruthanna Barnett and Geoffrey Leech 17. Consistency and accuracy in correcting automatically-tagged corpora John Paul Baker Appendix I: Sources for further information (WWW and e-mail addresses) Appendix II: Abbreviations and acronyms Appendix III: Specimen annotation practices: the C7 and C5 tagsets Bibliography Index


A general method is provided for evaluating how an expected-utility-maximizing choice is changed in response to factors shifting the mean-variance (EV) efficient set and changes in the decision maker's level of risk aversion. Substitution and income effects under uncertainty are defined, related to those existing under certainty, and analyzed graphically and in a quadratic programming model of a rural bank. The bank application includes risk and liquidity components and indicates that the magnitude of the portfolio response may not be trivial. Evidence is also provided indicating the consistency between bank behavior and the EV decision criterion.


Abstract : The correlation between heart rate and oxygen consumption has been questioned during submerged exercise or exercise under pressure. We studied the relationships of heart rate to oxygen consumption (VO2) and of VO2 to ergometer setting in eight divers during decompression from a saturation dive in a helium-oxygen atmosphere. Measurements were made at 300,190, 66, and 33 feet of seawater (1019, 682, 303, 202 kPa (a)). VO2 during submerged exercise (maximum 75 W) was calculated from the MK 16 underwater breathing apparatus (UBA) bottle pressure drop, and during dry exercise (up to 75% of maximum V02) by expired gas collection. VO2 increased linearly with ergometer work with the same slope submerged or dry, but the no-load intercept was higher submerged than dry. The work of moving the water and of breathing on the UBA corresponded to 54 W i 15 W. Heart rate increased linearly with VO2. The slope was independent of depth or immersion, and the intercept was independent of depth. The median error in estimating VO2 from heart rate was 12% on the surface, 23% submerged, and 31% in the dry chamber. Heart rate was not a good predictor of VO2 during dry or submerged exercise in the hyperbaric chamber.


In this work, we propose a novel generative approach named Robust Bidirectional Generative Network (RBGN) based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (CGAN) for Generalized Zero-shot Learning (GZSL). RBGN employs the adversarial attack to train a more rigorous discriminator, thus enhancing the generalizability and robustness of the feature generator under minimax strategy. Moreover, RBGN decodes the generated visual features back to their semantic representations to further improve the representational ability of generated visual features and alleviate the hubness problem. The experimental results of GZSL on four datasets, i.e. CUB, SUN, AWA1, AWA2, demonstrate that our model achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches and owns better generalizability to the unseen classes over conventional generative GZSL models. Further robustness analysis also validates the strong robustness of our model to the different types of semantic disturbance.


We demonstrate the importance of anisotropic neutrino radiation in the mechanism of core-collapse supernova explosions. Through a new parameter study with a fixed radiation field of neutrinos, we show that global anisotropy of the neutrino radiation is the most effective mechanism of increasing the explosion energy when the total neutrino luminosity is given. We discuss the reason why, and demonstrate how sensitively the success of a supernova explosion depends on the neutrino luminosity.


Roentgen, when he discovered the x-ray in 1895, uncovered a hornet's nest. The doctor, secure in his fringe of scientific terms, was too close to the aura of empiricism to be jolted out of his toppling Galenic conception. Keen's "Surgery," published in the latter part of the 19th century, spoke of cholecystitis as being caused by tight lacing, but spoke very little of the disease itself. Tait, in the late seventies of the 19th century, doubted the wisdom of asepsis in surgery. Osler's edition of 1905 has little reference to x-ray. Surgeons abroad early recognized its value, for in 1896 reports of surgical pathological lesions were described with x-ray findings. In 1907, in Dr. DaCosta's "Surgery," little reference was made to x-ray in the text, but in a discussion rather extensive mention is made of possibilities, also the advisability of mixing bismuth with food to visualize the gastro-intestinal tract was discussed. The mysterious ray, piercing the depth of tissues and recording different density, not o...


Introduction: Evaluation of the prognosis in the early period of intensive care patients and arranging the treatment accordingly is of vital importance. In the present study, we investigated whether serum thiol/disulphide concentration can be used in the follow-up of prognosis in the early period in patients with COVID-19 under intensive care. Methods: The study included 25 patients [their ages were between 19 and 92; 10 (40%) were male and 15 (60%) were female] who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated in the intensive care unit (ICU). The patients were followed for four weeks. On the first, third, and fifth days of intensive care treatment, venous blood samples were taken from the patients to analyze the thiol/disulphide parameters, and coma scores were calculated. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between thiol/disulphide levels and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Results: At the end of the four-week follow-up of the patients included in the study, 9 were discharged and 16 died. In patients who died, the relationship between thiol/disulphide homeostasis parameters and coma scores was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, in discharged patients, the relationship between disulphide concentration, total thiol, and coma scores was statistically significant. Conclusion: The relationship between thiol/disulphide homeostasis and coma scores in COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit may help to evaluate the prognosis of the disease in the early period, thus the effectiveness of medical intervention.


The paper provides suggestions for cataloguing session materials (especially minutes of sessions) using the MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data and MARC 21 Format for Authority Data. The suggested solution is shown on the example of materials from the government of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in Serbia (APV) sessions. Two business applications were developed on the basis of this MARC 21 cataloguing of the materials: a web application for searching government materials and a web application for generating various reports for the APV government. The web application supports searching metadata as well as the full text of the material and search criteria may include all of the given words or exact phrase. The examples of the reports supported by the application are: total number of sessions; total number of agenda items and sub-items; session attendance by the government members.


Erosion is the material degradation when the solid particle strikes with the metal with some significant velocity. Fly ash erosion is the main reason for boiler tube failure which results untimely shut down and failure of boiler tubes. Boilers and steam power plant equipments suffer severe erosion problems resulting in substantial losses. The present research work includes investigation of erosion mechanism of SA210 Gr A1 boiler steels under ambient and high temperature conditions which are similar to general application and boiler operating conditions. The experiment has been performed in two steps, first experiment is conducted at ambient temperature of 25°C and second experiment is performed at high temperature in which the air jet containing erodent is maintained at 800°C and boiler steel samples are heated to 600°C. Alumina powder of 50 micron size is used as erodent with different angles of impingement of air jet containing erodent is taken into consideration. Erosion performance at room temperature as well as elevated temperature by simulating the temperature to actual working conditions of the boilers was evaluated. The eroded samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDX analysis.


Do intellectual property rights influence multinationals' manufacturing location decisions? My theoretical model indicates that countries with strong patent laws attract multinational activity, but only in sectors with relatively long product life cycles. By contrast, firms with short life-cycle technologies are insensitive, because offshore imitation is less likely to succeed before obsolescence. I document strong empirical regularities consistent with the model using a panel dataset on the global operations of US-based multinational firms and a new measure of product obsolescence. Moreover, my identification strategy allows me to isolate the causal effect of patent laws on multinational activity.


© 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 249 ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS-EXTRACT SYNTHESIS PR-PROTEINS DEVELOPED POTENTIAL BIOMEDICINES-VACCINE AGAINST OKRA-DISEASES AND COVID-19: IMPROVED SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS BIO-ECONOMY APPLICATIONS


Objective: The scope of anesthesiology is extended immensely. The aim of this study was to know the farmerÂ's understanding and scope of veterinary anesthesiology.
Materials and method: A total of 155 data were collected from different Upazilla Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospitals during the period from July to December 2017 through interview with a pretested questionnaire. FarmerÂ's age, sex, educational status and occupation were considered during interview.
Results: We found that 27.74% farmer had the experienced of their animalÂ's surgery whereas only 20% knew that anesthesia is given before surgery which is significantly (p


This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different mineral separation procedures to validate the EN1788 (2001) European Union standard protocol for better identification of irradiated fish and shellfish. The silicate minerals were isolated with physical density separation method from two types of non-irradiated freeze-dried fish and shellfish that included Pacific saury (Cololabis saira), mackerel (Scomber japonicus), shrimp (Penaeidae metapenaeus), and mussel (Mytilus coruscus). Radiation-specific thermoluminescence (TL) peaks (glow curve 1) were observed between 150–250 °C. The peaks are typical for the irradiated food; despite the samples being not irradiated. Apparently it showed that the isolated minerals were contaminated with organic materials such as bone, etc. Acid-hydrolysis digestion was employed to remove the possible contaminants. The minerals obtained through alternative pre-treatment showed no TL curves in radiation specific temperature range. Moreover, acid hydrolysis extraction ...


This study aims to describe the quality and implementation of authentic assessments planning of English subject at junior high schools in Yogyakarta. This evaluation research used a discrepancy evaluation model. It was conducted at three public junior high schools in Yogyakarta which were pilot projects of the 2013 Curriculum, namely SMP Negeri 5, SMP Negeri 8, and SMP Negeri 15. The data in this study were obtained through documentation, interviews and questionnaires. The sample in this study were six English teachers of grade VIII and 549 students in grade VIII who were taught by the teachers. The data analysis involved descriptive quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results of the study are as follows: First, in part (50%) of the lesson plans made by teachers was in good category. All (100%) of lesson plans had assessed attitude, knowledge, and skill. Some part of the lesson plan (33%) included assessment techniques that are in accordance with the competencies assessed, and some other (50%) used HOTS questions, while the other (50%) used realistic questions. Second, in part (51)% of the teachers conducted authentic assessmentsm which is included in good category. Most (77%) of the teachers assessed attitude, knowledge and skill, 57% of the teachers gave HOTS questions, most (87%) of the teachers gave realistic questions, and most (63%) of the teachers assessed attitude, knowledge, and skill during the learning process.


A general relationship for the input power factor of ac controllers with inductive loads is derived in this paper. Its simplified form is given for the phase angle, integral cycle, and symmetrical pulsewidth modulated controllers. The latter may or may not have a freewheeling path for the load.


Recent years have witnessed the increasing popularity of electric buses (e-buses) around the globe due to their environment friendly nature. However, various factors, such as the prohibitive purchasing costs and the scarcity of large-scale charging facilities, hinder the wider adoption of e-buses. Thus, to effectively cut the cost of building and maintaining urban e-bus systems, we optimize the dispatching strategy for urban e-bus systems to satisfy public transportation demands with the minimum e-bus fleet. Specifically, we propose to systematically exploit at city-scale cross-line dispatching, a smart dispatching strategy allowing one bus to serve multiple bus lines when necessary. Technically, we construct a novel and generalizable graph-theoretic model for urban e-bus systems integrating e-buses non-negligible charging time, the spatio-temporal constraints of bus trips, and various other real-world factors. We prove that it is NP-hard, and has no <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(2-\epsilon)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="jin-ieq1-3119421.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-approximation algorithm. Next, we propose a polynomial-time algorithm solving the problem with a guaranteed approximation ratio. Furthermore, we conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale real-world bus dataset from Shenzhen, China, which validate the effectiveness of our algorithms. As shown by our experimental results, to serve 300 bus lines, our dispatching strategy needs 38.2% less e-buses than the one currently used in practice.


The age of the uppermost part of the Rurikfjellet Member, Janusfjellet Formation, underlying the Helvetiafjellet Formation, is discussed on the basis of the occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts. Samples collected from thirteen localities in western and central Spitsbergen were examined. Forty-eight dinoflagellate cyst species were recorded during the study, but only a few provide good time resolution. They show that the youngest beds of the Rurikfjellet Member, previously regarded to be of Hauterivian age, belong to the Barremian. The presence of Barremian sediments below the base of the Helvetiafjellet Formation at several widely separated localities constrains the diachronism of the Rurikfjellet Member -Helvetiafjellet Formation transition.


D-dimer level when combined with pre-test probability is an accepted tool for the exclusion of venous thromboembolism (VTE) outside pregnancy, where it has a high negative predictive value. Pre-test probability for VTE has not been validated in pregnancy and thus an increased level of D-dimer in combination with clinical suspicion has been used to prompt imaging for VTE (British Thoracic Society 2003). In pregnancy however, D-dimer may be elevated due to the physiological haemostatic changes, and concentrations rise with gestational age (Eichinger et al. 1999). Thus it is well recognised that a 'positive' D-dimer test in pregnancy is not necessarily due to VTE. However, it is commonly thought that the negative predictive value of D-dimer in pregnancy is similar to that in the non-pregnant state, such that a normal D-dimer value excludes thrombosis. We report a case of recurrent pulmonary emboli in a pregnant patient where the D-dimer result was repeatedly negative.


Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. A Great English Ship Moored Near the Grand Banks. Chapter 2. The Cod: A Short History. Chapter 3. Botched Science and a Rebel Named Ransom. Chapter 4. Foreign Devils. Chapter 5. Draggers and Cod Death. Chapter 6. Federal Fisheries: A Sad and Ignoble Sputter into Inconsequentiality. Chapter 7. Death in the Outports: A Town called Fortune. Chapter 8. Requiem for the Beothuk. Chapter 9. Pacific Salmon: Going the Way of the Grand Banks Cod? Chapter 10. Offshore Oil IS the New Cod. Chapter 11. Peter Pearse, Rational Man, and the Prophet Daniel. Chapter 12. A Tale of Two Newfoundlands. Appendix: The Two-Hundred-Mile Fishing Limit. End Notes. Index.


Patients mobility is a complex phenomenon per se which can be associated with several factors, often intangibles, driving the patients decision to move to another Region to get the expected health care treatment. In the last decades, a growing attention was paid to cross-country patients flows rather than movements across regional borders within the same country. In a regionalized health care provision system, such as the Italian one, this is a relevant issue that must be properly addressed. This paper suggests the adoption of a dynamics performance management approach to support public decision makers in outlining effective policies to cope with patient mobility.


The way in which the solution of a differential equation depends on the parameters arises in solving a number of problems in the theory of servo-mechanisms, non-linear oscillations, etc. If the right-hand sides of the equations depend continuously on the parameters, then the solutions, generally speaking, are also continuous functions of the parameters. However, a number of problems reduce to systems of equations in which this is not the case. A very general class of such problems reduce to differential equations containing small parameters as coefficients of derivatives. These systems can be written in the form


GaAs HBT's are excellent candidates for PCS power amplifier applications which require a single low-voltage supply with good efficiency and linearity [l]. This paper describes the characterization and modeling of M/A-COM's chip and plastic-packaged HBT for linear power amplifier applications at 1.88GHz. This analysis includes (1) a discussion of the device and package characteristics required for PCS amplifier applications (2) a complete load-pull characterization for power, efficiency, and linearity (3) a discussion of how these contours can be used to identify optimum matching conditions for linear amplifier design, and (4) the development and demonstration of a complete large-signal chip and packaged device model that accurately predicts the measured power, efficiency, and linearity. Through this analysis it is shown that for the GaAs HBT a significant improvement can be achieved in amplifier linearity by trading the device gain for linearity through an appropriate output termination.


In recent decades, a number of coronaviruses with different characteristics have appeared. Due to their capacity for mutation, recombination and infection, there is a possibility that new coronavirus variations will continue to appear [1]. Recently, a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19, appeared. It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, but quickly reached the level of a pandemic disease [2,3]. The initial reports of the infection characterized the condition as pneumonia of unknown origin; however, it has been observed that COVID-19 can affect different organ systems, causing a range of symptoms that include fever, cough, myalgia, fatigue, headache, diarrhea and dyspnoea. In more severe cases, acute respiratory distress, acute cardiac injury and secondary infection can develop which may result in death [4]. Some studies describe other clinical pictures that seem to be associated with the new disease, with symptoms such as skin lesions, ophthalmic changes and anosmia manifestations that may be associated with Review Article


It is of course an impossible task to compress into one volume the history of the Mediterranean and the Near East from 5000 B.C. to A.D. 476, but by limiting his factual history to the crucial epochs and concentrating upon ideas and ideals Mr. Todd has I contrived to present a fairly coherent picture of this vast period. Separate volumes are i necessary to give adequate detail, but a single book has the advantage of making clear the continuity of development, and this author's more popular treatment of the subject makes it rather easier for the general reader than Breasted's Ancient Times. His necessarily brief outlines of ancient philosophical theories and the early Christian heresies should be useful, the illustrations are adequate and the maps clear, and the book should prove a very suitable one both for the general reader and for the higher forms in schools.


A key factor in the success of the CANDU reactor is the emphasis placed on comprehensive development programs. Active programs are underway at AECL that address the short/intermediate and long term developmental needs. These programs stress plant cost reductions, safety improvements and incorporation of technological improvements that augment the CANDU design and improve plant operations/maintenance. This paper describes the status of the programs and their application to current and future CANDU products.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an emulsion composition which is environmentally-friendly and able to prepare an agrochemical emulsion composition having good emulsifiability which is not affected by the ionicity of the agrochemical active ingredient to be used together with the emulsion composition, and an agrochemical emulsion composition containing the emulsion composition and an agrochemical active ingredient.SOLUTION: An emulsion composition contains a component (A): lauryl alcohol, a component (B): at least one polyoxyethylene tristyryl phenyl ether, and a component (C): at least one aromatic hydrocarbon-based nonpolar solvent selected from the group consisting of alkylbenzenes and naphthalenes. The emulsion composition contains neither anionic surfactant nor cationic surfactant.


The angular distribution for the reaction 76Ge( pi +, pi -)76Se is calculated in the proton-neutron quasiparticle RPA using the two-body G-matrix of the Bonn potential. It is shown that the angular distribution decreases rapidly with an increase in the particle-particle strength gpp. The authors also predict a strong forward peaking of the angular distribution already observed in lighter nuclei.


Railways provide people with many advantages such as easy access to locations, low cost fare travel, etc. This is one of the most widely used public transport mode, due to its various advantages. In recent years, there have been numerous incidents on Indian railways, such as cracks on railways and many other faults. Railways are therefore a risky option for travel. It has proven inappropriate for the control system currently in use in Indian railways. A robust monitoring system has been suggested and clarified in this paper to address the shortcomings of the existing rail surveillance system to detect cracks. This paper also presents the technique for resolving animal death and injury through automated monitoring and warning on railway tracks.