As a physical education teacher educator and Olympic educator I have become conscious that many physical education teachers have heard of Olympism, but are confused about what it encompasses. Furthermore they are challenged to understand how to teach Olympism in their physical education programmes. The potential of the educative and social value of Olympism is, as yet, unfulfilled. My study is about the content knowledge teachers require for teaching Olympism, the successful pedagogies they use, and the meanings that students derive from putting Olympism into action within, and outside of, the gymnasium. My qualitative case study uses teacher and student interviews, and observations to gather data as it follows the teaching and learning of Olympism in the Year 9 physical education programme of a New Zealand secondary school. In my attempt to understand what teachers need to know and do to make Olympism a reality in physical education programmes I have drawn on aspects of Shulman"s (1987) seminal framework of teacher knowledge, to understand the content knowledge needed for teaching Olympism, the pedagogical content knowledge required, and the knowledge of students and their characteristics as they learn about Olympism. My findings reveal that teachers require various forms of content knowledge to teach Olympism, such as knowledge of students and their needs, a clear definition of Olympism for the setting, Olympism as a personal life-stance, ethical situations in games, and a holistic physical education curriculum. Pedagogies that the teachers used were found to be the transformation of Olympism into manageable concepts for teaching, the use of experiential and social teaching models in games contexts, and the extensive use of questioning and discussion strategies to develop critical thinking. Evidence shows the range of the students" learning, and the development of deeper meanings of Olympism. The students regarded the teacher as a role model of Olympism, and varied in their ability to transfer Olympism understandings into their wider lives. My detailed account of how teachers understand and teach Olympism, and the extent to which students apply their knowledge in class and beyond, offers a practical example of what Olympic education can look like when it has Olympism at its core. Such teaching I have named Olympism education.


There has been a growing demand for automated spoken language assessment systems in recent years. A standard pipeline for this process is to start with a speech recognition system and derive features, either hand-crafted or based on deep-learning, that exploit the transcription and audio. Though these approaches can yield high performance systems, they require speech recognition systems that can be used for L2 speakers, and preferably tuned to the specific form of test being deployed. Recently a self-supervised speech representation based scheme, requiring no speech recognition, was proposed. This work extends the initial analysis conducted on this approach to a large scale proficiency test, Linguaskill, that comprises multiple parts, each designed to assess different attributes of a candidate's speaking proficiency. The performance of the self-supervised, wav2vec 2.0, system is compared to a high performance hand-crafted assessment system and a BERT-based text system both of which use speech transcriptions. Though the wav2vec 2.0 based system is found to be sensitive to the nature of the response, it can be configured to yield comparable performance to systems requiring a speech transcription, and yields gains when appropriately combined with standard approaches.


As multi drug resistant bacterial strains are becoming a significant problem within our current society, there is a continuous need for developments in the field of antibiotics. Unfortunately, over the last two decades, the advancements in this field did not lead towards a usable solution for the current problems. Around one decade ago, a possible link between Reactive Oxygen Species and the lethality of antibiotics has been suggested. By acquiring knowledge on this possible linkage, a controversy on the contribution of Reactive Oxygen Species towards antibiotic efficacy was initiated. This resulted in experiments suggesting that Reactive Oxygen Species do contribute to this process, mainly when bactericidal antibiotics are combined with the presence of molecular oxygen. This contribution could give new options in utilizing current antibiotics and elucidating unknown relations between stress impulses like antibiotics and the protective systems developing within bacteria. Literature Essay Molecular Biology and Biotechnology


We give an exposition of iterant algebra, a generalization of matrix algebra that is motivated by the structure of measurement for discrete processes. We show how Clifford algebras and matrix algebras arise naturally from iterants, and we then use this point of view to discuss the Schrödinger and Dirac equations, Majorana Fermions, representations of the braid group and the framed braids in relation to the structure of the Standard Model for physics.


Objective using the urinary cotinine biomarker to verify the occurrence of green tobacco sickness in workers who cultivate Burley tobacco. Method paired case-control study, based on smoking status and on the 1:4 ratio, with participation of 20 case workers and 91 controls. Data collection included household surveys and urine collection for cotinine examination. Student's T-Test, the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used. Results of the 23 suspected cases, 20 showed elevated levels of cotinine, signs and symptoms of headache, skin irritation, nausea, sickness and general malaise, especially in the morning. Most had worked with tobacco that was wet from the morning dew and when the weather was warm. Conclusion there are signs suggestive of green tobacco sickness in Burley tobacco workers. The action of health professionals is necessary for the development of health promotion and preventive actions addressing work-related illness.


The inherited anemia discussed in this paper has been found to be caused by, or to be closely associated with, the gene W for dominant white (1). Mice of the genetic const,itution Ww have a certain amount of white in their pelage, the recessives ww, in the absence of other factors for white, are uniformly colored, while the homozygous condition WW is manifested somatically by a severe anemia which terminates fatally a few days after birth. This trait acts as a simple Mendelian character. According to expectations one-fourth of all the offspring from Ww X Ww matings are anemic and can be recognized as such by their pale appearance which contrasts strikingly with the livid color of their normal litter mates. They usually live from 3 to 5 days and die in an emaciated condition despite the fact that their stomachs can be seen to be gorged with milk. Examination of several hundred anemic individuals has shown that they present a very constant picture. Their weight at birth averages 81.36 per cent of the normal. The anemic animal has only 15.04 per cent as many red corpuscles as the normal, and 25.24 per cent as much hemoglobin. The actual figures in terms of human standards are given in Table I. The occasional normoblasts in the circulating blood show the same ratio in the two types of individuals. Showers of nucleated red cells, which are characteristic phases in the clinical picture of pernicious anemia, have never been observed. The number of reticulated red cells in the circulation of the anemic mice is


Weyl phase-space representation is derived for the cyclic permutation operators that naturally occur in the quantum theory of exchange interaction. The classical-like phase-space representation of exchange leads to a special type of coupling between the position and momentum variables. With Gaussian electronic structure basis sets in mind, it is shown that the position-momentum coupling seen in the Weyl representation of the exchange interaction is best described by diffuse Gaussians. A classical phase-space analog of exchange is derived for the Heisenberg-Dirac spin- Hamiltonian. Novel one-electron Wigner functions are introduced for description of the


The influence of Ag-ions on the diffusivities of small olefins was examined in presence of simultaneously exchanged bivalent cations (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba und Zn) by means of the irreversible gaschromatographic puis method. By installation of the first Ag-ion in dehydrated Me NaA-zeolites (all sites of the eight membered oxygen rings are occupied) the diffusivity of small olefins increases with the exception of Baand Mgtypes. In all cases the transport is realised from the surface into the zeolite interior about addition complexes with the blocking cations. From the changes of diffusivity we can discuss the arrangement especially of the Ag-ions. The installation of Ag-ions at AgxMg,NaA-zeolites does not prevent the change from 4Ato 5A-typ.


Tris(tetraphenylimidodiphosphinato)praseodynium reacts with ammonium or potassium salts of carboxylic acids to give dinuclear dicarboxylato complexes, the structure of which has been established and which can be used for the determination of the enantiomeric purity of carboxylic acids.


Abstract : Two synthesis procedures are presented for active RC common ground networks. The active elements used are practical amplifiers having finite input and output impedances and gain. These amplifiers are more easily realized than are ideal elements such as negative impedance converters, gyrators, and negative resistors. Active RC networks are particularly appealing for use in microcircuits and low frequency applications where inductors are not practical. The two amplifier method allows the synthesis of any real rational voltage transfer function. The single amplifier method realizes voltage transfer functions with poles in the left-half-plane and zeros any place except the positive real axis. A guide for reducing transfer function sensitivity to the active-RC parameter variations is presented. It is shown that by staying near the Horowitz optimum decomposition significant reductions in sensitivity can be achieved. Four important general low order transfer functions are examined in detail for near optimum realization. It is also shown that sensitivity figures for a conjugate pole-pair transfer function obtained by a RLC passive network are not appreciably lower than for an RC-active network. For lowest overall sensitivity figures the passive RC network sensitivities should be considered. Many equivalent RC networks exist for a particular RC function. Since sensitivity is a function of frequency, the problem is to find the least sensitive network at a frequency or frequencies of interest. Guides are provided for selection by worst case analysis and by statistical means. Circuits and response curves are presented for two active filters designed using both synthesis procedures.


In this paper, we present a modeling and simulation study of a hybrid energy system for isolated sites, which combines photovoltaic system with wind turbine based on permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). With the aim of improving the performances and extracting the maximum energy produced by the two Photovoltaic (PV) and Wind sources, we developed a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller with robust algorithms based on the nonlinear sliding mode control (SMC). Thus, other conventional MPPT methods have been simulated and evaluated to compare them with the proposed algorithms in order to deduce the most efficient in terms of the maximum power reach and the system behavior during optimal power point tracking. And for a better analysis study, the simulations are carried out under variable weather conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed robust sliding mode control techniques (RSMC) are more efficient and have better performance than other MPPT algorithms.


: PEMF is a method that utilizes electric current using a coil that is powered by dynamic electric current, it will cause a dynamic magnetic field in the coil. In the last few decades, it is known that PEMF has the potential to be used as a modality in the treatment of obesity. For this reason, PEMFs have been studied in vitro as their effect in inhibiting the adipogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC). But the use of PEMF therapy in inhibiting adipogenesis still has many challenges. Understanding of the mechanisms that occur in cells that are exposed to PEMF is also still very slight. This article reviews the studies that investigated in vitro effect of PEMF in inhibiting adipogenesis studies and the underlying mechanism. In the future, it is hoped that this review can be used as a basic reference for in vivo research and clinical trials related to inhibiting adipogenesis using PEMF


Background Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a promising treatment for synovial sarcoma (SS) with reported response rates of over 50%. However, more work is needed to obtain deeper and more durable responses. SS has a 'cold' tumor immune microenvironment with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and few T-cell infiltrates, which could represent a barrier toward successful treatment with ACT. We previously demonstrated that both MHC expression and T-cell infiltration can be increased using systemic interferon gamma (IFN-γ), which could improve the efficacy of ACT for SS. Case presentation We launched a phase I trial incorporating four weekly doses of IFN-γ in an ACT regimen of high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD Cy), NY-ESO-1-specific T cells, and postinfusion low-dose interleukin (IL)-2. Two patients were treated. While one patient had significant tumor regression and resultant clinical benefit, the other patient suffered a fatal histiocytic myocarditis. Therefore, this cohort was terminated for safety concerns. Conclusion We describe a new and serious toxicity of immunotherapy from IFN-γ combined with HD Cy-based lymphodepletion and low-dose IL-2. While IFN-γ should not be used concurrently with HD Cy or with low dose IL-2, IFN-γ may still be important in sensitizing SS for ACT. Future studies should avoid using IFN-γ during the immediate period before/after cell infusion. Trial registration numbers NCT04177021, NCT01957709, and NCT03063632.


Heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) are commonly used to minimize temperature loss and to protect mucosa from drying (thus preserving ciliary activity and lung mechanics). These devices are known to increase dead space and airway resistance (l-4). Two studies have indicated that resistance is increased after the HME becomes wet (3,4). One case report implicated a blood-soaked HME in an acute increase in airway pressure that resolved after removal of the HME (5). We recently managed a case where a HME contributed to ventilatory difficulties in a small infant presenting for repair of tetralogy of Fallot. A HME was placed at the beginning of the procedure. Just prior to weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, an active heated humidifier was added and the HME was inadvertently left in place. During attempts at hand ventilation, there was a stiff, noncompliant feel to the ventilator bag (airway pressure 30-40 cm H,O). Direct visualization of the lungs revealed full inflation, with no significant deflation. The endotracheal tube was irrigated with 3 mL of normal saline and suctioned, but no secretions were aspirated. At this time, the HME was discovered and removed. Thereafter, the lungs were easily inflated with airway pressure 25-30 cm H,O and ready deflation was observed. The HME was noted to be warm and the filter material saturated with liquid. We were fortunate that our patient was supported by cardiopulmonary bypass and we had direct visualization of the lungs, alerting us to the possible etiology of this problem. Active humidification is a contraindication to the use of the HME. In addition, any situation that may lead to the saturation of the HME (irrigation fluid, secretions, bleeding, nebulized mediations) may represent a risk of complete airway obstruction.


Soil Chemistry and Bioavailability with Special Reference to Trace Elements Metal Ions and Plant Nutrition Metal-Tolerant Plants: An Evolutionary Perspective Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals Plant Metalloenzymes Toxic Effects of Metals Plants and Radionuclides Plants as Indicators of Mineralization and Pollution Analytical Techniques for Plant Analysis Phytochemistry: Methods for the Study of Inorganic Species in Plant Tissues Index.


Currently, improving the identification of COVID-19 with the help of computer vision and artificial intelligence has received great attention from researchers. This paper proposes a novel method for automatic detection of COVID-19 based on chest CT to help radiologists improve the speed and reliability of tests for diagnosing COVID-19. Our algorithm is a hybrid approach based on the Gray-level Cooccurrence Matrix and Genetic Algorithm. The Gray-level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM) was used to extract CT scan image features, GA algorithm was used as an optimizer, and a feedforward neural network was used as a classifier. Finally, we use 296 chest CT scan images to evaluate the detection performance of our proposed method. To more accurately evaluate the accuracy of the algorithm, 10-run 10-fold cross-validation was introduced. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of Sensitivity, Accuracy, F1, MCC, and FMI.


Growth of Magnolia grandiflora Hort. 'St. Mary' (southern magnolia) trees in containers spaced 120 cm on center was studied for 2 years. During the 1st year, trees were grown in container volumes of 10, 27, or 57 liter. At the start of the second growing season, trees were transplanted according to six container shifting treatments (10- liter containers (LC) both years, 10 to 27LC, 10 to 57LC, 27LC both years, 27 to 57LC, or 57LC both years). The mean maximum temperature at the center location was 4.8 and 6.3C lower for the 57LC than for the 27 and 10LC, respectively. Height and caliper, measured at the end of 2 years, were" greatest for magnolias grown continuously in 27 or 57LC. Caliper was greater for trees shifted from 10LC to the larger containers compared with trees grown in 10LC both years. Trees grown in 10LC both years tended to have fewer roots growing in tbe outer 4 cm of the growing medium at the eastern, southern, and western exposures. During June and August of the 2nd year, high air and growth medium temperatures may have been limiting factors to carbon assimilation. Maintenance of adequate carbon assimilation fluxes and tree growth, when container walls are exposed to solar radiation, may require increas- ing the container volume. This procedure may be more important when daily maximum air temperatures are lower during late spring or early fall than in midsummer, because low solar angles insolate part of the container surface. In the first stages of ornamental plant production, young plants are typically transplanted into small containers and spaced con- tainer-to-container. This increases plant density per unit land area while minimizing the exposure of container walls to solar radiation. However, growing trees at high density can reduce trunk caliper growth and cause development of a weak branch structure and poor form after canopies converge and overlap (Appleton and Whitcomb, 1983). Shading by converging can- opies may encourage leaf abscission and lower branch dieback. Due to the lack of trunk strength from close-production spacing, trees transplanted into the landscape often require remedial stak- ing for support. Enhancement of tree quality, structure, and form may require spacing individual containers at greater dis- tances.


The recommender system is a very promising way to address the problem of overabundant information for online users. Although the information filtering for the online commercial systems has received much attention recently, almost all of the previous works are dedicated to design new algorithms and consider the user-item bipartite networks as given and constant information. However, many problems for recommender systems such as the cold-start problem (i.e., low recommendation accuracy for the small-degree items) are actually due to the limitation of the underlying user-item bipartite networks. In this letter, we propose a strategy to enhance the performance of the already existing recommendation algorithms by directly manipulating the user-item bipartite networks, namely adding some virtual connections to the networks. Numerical analyses on two benchmark data sets, MovieLens and Netflix, show that our method can remarkably improves the recommendation performance. Specifically, it not only improves the recommendations accuracy (especially for the small-degree items), but also helps the recommender systems generate more diverse and novel recommendations.


Since the end of World War II British Policy in the Middle East has been plagued by the devils of the past, joined by a more formidable company of contemporary devils, some of whom bear a mocking resemblance to still earlier ones. Most of this region was once largely in the weak hands of the Turkish Empire. In this area, strategic for the control of the Mediterranean and the security of the Suez Canal, British policy had been to support the Turkish Empire against the heavy pressure of Tsarist Russia, until Turkey's association with Germany drove Britain to moderate its rivalry with Russia, to accept her partnership in Persia (1907), following a similar accommodation of differences with France (1904). During the First World War the British sponsored the Arab Revolt against Turkey, thus shattering the feeble union of those lands, and creating in the Middle East a parody of the Habsburg succession states, complicated by concessions to France (the Sykes-Picot Agreement) and to Zionism (the Balfour Declaration).


The present invention relates to a method for controlling a drafting machine in a fore-spinning process. The drafting machine comprises a front lower roller and a back lower roller which are driven by independent motors. The drafting machine is controlled so that the draft ratio of a fleece guiding process is larger than that of normal operation.


Plasmonic nanoantennas offer new applications in mid-Infrared absorption spectroscopy with ultrasensitive detection of chemical and structural signatures of biomolecules, including proteins, due to their strong resonant near-fields. The amide I fingerprint of a protein contains conformational information that is greatly important for understanding its function in health and disease. Here, we introduce a non-invasive, label-free metallic mid-IR nanoantenna-array sensor for secondary structure identification of nanometer-thin protein layers in aqueous solution by resolving the content of plasmonically enhanced amide I signatures. Using our biosensor, we successfully extract random coil to cross β-sheet conformational changes associated with α-synuclein protein aggregation, a detrimental process in many neurodegenerative disorders. Notably, our experimental results demonstrate high conformational sensitivity of this platform by differentiating subtle secondary-structural variations in a native β-sheet protein monolayer from those of cross β-sheets, which are characteristic of pathological aggregates. Our proposed nanoplasmonic biosensor is a highly promising and versatile tool for in vitro structural analysis of thin protein layers.


The article seeks to develop the relationship between the expansion of railway network in Sao Paulo and the evolution of sports, especially the soccer. The central idea is that movement occurs in urban areas to the interior, not as a traditionally rural area, but in the midst of the emergence and expansion of towns and cities. It identifies the main features of political scenario, economic and social in Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century and contribute to the discussion on the development of sports in the period


High tech park, as a space that combine science and technology and economy, has been greatly noticed by many states and areas. The high tech parks in our country were constructed widely with all kinds of economic zones since the open door policy was adopted This article inquires into the function orientation of high tech park from the view of region, industry, social culture. The authors think that as a specific urban space that is different from a common economic zone, high tech park is the growth pole of the region. In order to guarantee the sustainable development, it also should pay attention to the social function. Then the authors take Nanjing high tech park , one of the 53 state level high tech parks, as an example, hoping to get some beneficial proposals for the construction and management of high tech park. Nanjing high tech park has become a hot point for Nanjings economic growth, but there is still a long way to go. Its innovation ability is not so good as high tech parks in Shenzhen and Beijing, and its ability of invitation of foreign business is also not so good as high tech parks in Shanghai and Suzhou. Facing the second time exploitation and construction, it should still be the high tech industry research and export foundation of the state, research center of electronics information in Nanjing, and the bioengineering pharmacy industry foundation of Nanjing. To form an integrated system, it should develop industry that can unite and innovate the tradition industry of Nanjing, increasing the choosing of foreign advanced technology, developing the industrial service. NHPs region orientation is the innovation center of the north part of Yangtze River Delta, growth pole of Nanjing metropolis and the core of urban area of the Rivers north part. Some measure should be taken to realize its regional function, including urban spatial restructure of Nanjing metropolis, the reorganization of the resources of the northern part of Yangtze River Delta, administration jurisdiction of urban area of the Rivers north part, and the construction of expressway system. Finally, the authors propose that NHP should take the lead in developing into a college town, a high tech talent foundation, and a high tech culture incubator town of Nanjing.


Disputes or disputes are always possible in every human relationship including disputes inwork relations. Industrial relations disputes usually occur between workers / employers and employersor between workers 'organizations / labor organizations and company organizations / employers'organizations. Industrial relations disputes can be divided into two, namely: a) Industrial relationsdisputes according to their nature, which consist of: Collective industrial relations disputes, andindividual industrial relations disputes b) Industrial Relations Disputes according to their type, whichconsist of Rights Disputes and Interest Disputes. This research is a normative legal research that is astudy that mainly analyzes the provisions of positive law and the principles of law, by carrying outsystematic explanations. The problems studied are how is the Industrial Relations Dispute ResolutionMechanism according to the Labor Law. The industrial relations dispute resolution mechanism iscarried out in two ways, namely through a non-litigation path that is carried out by bipartid (eachdisputing party) and tripartid (mediation, negotiation, and consolidation) and through litigationchannels (court lines namely Industrial Relations Control.


Human schistosomiasis popularly known as bilharzias in many regions of Africa is a freshwater snail-transmitted disease caused by parasitic flatworms known as schistosomes. The growth and development of schistosomes typically requires developmental stages in multiple hosts and transmission stages in freshwater. These life cycle environments present a plethora of stressors. Certain gene families including heat shock proteins (HSPs/Hsps) and universal stress proteins (USPs) help schistosomes to respond to unfavourable conditions.


A method of distributed strategymaking in multiple autonomous system is presented in this paper. Every robot in the system has several tactics to be selected, and set of probabilities to select tactics are called "strategy". The algorithm to make strategy in this paper is iteration of four parts as follows: (1) select and try a certain tactic by means of the strategy, (2) get payoff value for applied tactic from environment, (3) revise the estimated payoff value of tactics, (4) revise the strategy by using (3) . Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by path selecting simulation of multiple mobile robots. Convergence to optimal solution in the proposed method is discussed by using pay-off matrices in game theory.


The invention provides an aircraft electro hydrostatic brake actuator. The output shaft of a brushless direct current motor is coaxially connected with a displacement-fixed two-way plunger pump, a pressurized tank is used for supplying initial pressure for the inlet of the displacement-fixed two-way plunger pump, one outlet of the displacement-fixed two-way plunger pump is connected with a hydraulic cylinder through an oil filter and a two-position two-way solenoid valve, the other outlet of the displacement-fixed two-way plunger pump is connected with the two-position two-way solenoid valve through the oil filter and a relief valve, the pickup state of the two-position two-way solenoid valve is controlled by a solenoid valve control unit, thus switching between brake pressure tracking and take-off line brake pressure maintaining functions is realized, the internal pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is measured by a pressure measuring unit, the pressure information is transmitted to a controller for pressure closed-loop control, the controller receives a brake pressure instruction through an instruction port, to further control the solenoid valve control unit and the brushless direct current motor and a brake disc is driven by the hydraulic cylinder. The aircraft electro hydrostatic brake actuator is simple in structure, high in efficiency, high in frequency response and small in size and weight, and take-off line brake pressure maintaining can be realized for a long time.


The existence of insurance in the modern era which is the embryo of conventional insurance based gharar, maysir, and usury ', making Islamic legal experts react by conducting research and analysis of the issue. The result proves that in Islamic law contains substance of insurance which can avoid the operational principle of gharar, maysir, and usury element '. This study aims to explain how the management of tabarru funds' sharia life insurance in murabahah financing in Bank Sumsel Babel Branch Sharia Baturaja. Insurance company that made the object of research is PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida Unit Syariah. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results concluded that the Management of Tabarru 'Sharia Life Insurance Fund PT. Asuransi Bangun Askrida Syariah Palembang Unit in Murabahah Financing at Bank Sumsel Babel Branch Sharia Baturaja uses insurance product mechanism with non saving element which separates the contribution fund into two parts, that is 42,5% for ujrah manager, and 57,5% for investment of tabarru fund '. If there is an underwriting surplus at the end of the period closing, it will be allocated 30% for Managers, 30% for tabarru 'funds reserves, and 40% for Participants who meet the requirements of obtaining surplus incentives. However, if there is an underwriting deficit in the management of the tabarru funds 'funds, the Insurance Company is obliged to cope with the shortage of tabarru' funds in the form of loans (qardh).


International Women's Day, which is held on 8 March every year, aims to celebrate the achievements of women while calling for greater gender equality across the world. To mark the event, Nourhan Elsayed writes on debates over the rights of Muslim women. She argues that campaigners in the West should seek to develop a more accommodative approach, where their non-Western counterparts are understood on their own terms as equal partners, rather than simply helpless victims.


The relation between uptake, accumulation, toxicity and removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) in willow trees (Salix viminalis) and the feasibility of implementing phytoremediation as a treatment method for 2,4‐DCP contamination in wastewater and soil were investigated. Willows were exposed to various 2,4‐DCP concentrations between 5 and 150 mg/L in hydroponic solution and between 9.1 and 44.4 mg/L in sand under constant illumination. The transpiration of the trees was used to determine toxic effects. In both hydroponic solution and sand, severe inhibition of transpiration started approximately at 2,4‐DCP concentrations of 20 mg/L. Accumulation in willows was increased with higher concentrations. In surviving trees, the loss of chemical from the system was above 65%. In experiments performed without trees, the mass loss of 2,4‐DCP was only 8 to 14%. For trees with detached roots, there was a significantly higher amount of 2,4‐DCP remaining in the nutrient solution at the end of the experiment compared to experiments with the intact trees. The results indicate that degradation in the root zone, either by root cells or associated microorganisms, is the main reason for the removal of 2,4‐DCP from the media. Phytoremediation of 2,4‐DCP with willow trees does not seem to be a remediation option because of its high toxicity to trees and the limited removal efficiency.


The Analyst in the Inner City: Race, Class, and Culture Through a Psychoanalytic Lens by Neil Altman. (Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press, 1995)


Emergence agitation (EA) is an adverse effect after sevoflurane anesthesia in pediatric patients. The effectiveness of prophylactic μ‐opioid agonists fentanyl, remifentanil, sufentanil, and alfentanil in preventing EA is debatable.


C DOCUMENT RESUME , . IR 00,9 923 Duncan, Elizabeth B., Ed.; McAleeSe, Ray, Ed. Information Retrieval in Educational Technology. Conference Proceedings of Symposium on Information Retrieval in Educational Technology (1st, Aberdeen, Scotland, April 1, 1981). 1 Apr 81 94p. \ iMF01/PC04 Plus Postage. -Abstracting; Citation Indexes; Diagrams; *Educational , Technology;'Foreign Cotintries; Higher Ed ation; Indexing; *Information Needs; *Informati n Retrieval; Information Services; Information Syste s; *Professional Development; *User Satisfaction 0 (Information) Presented at a symposium instigated to improve the accessibility and usefulness of educational technology, the five invited papers presented in this. proceedings deal with various 'aspects of information systems and their relationship to each other. Topics covered were "Educational Technologists as. Consumers of Educational Information", "Information Services in Practice", "The Use of. Query in Multi-fatet Iridexing of Information Materials", "The ,Exeter Abstract Reference System in Higher Education", and "Qualified Citation IndexingIts, Relevance to Educational Technology." Each paper is accompanied by an invited structured response. Also included in the report are responses of participants invited to_complete a practical terdise on identifying individual needs in information "retrieval, alld summaries of the disc.ssions pertinent to, that exercise, and to the theme of the symposium. (MER)


The valence, Rydberg, and ion pair characteristics of 1Σ+u states of N2 are studied in ab initio calculations involving selectively optimized basis sets of Slater‐type functions and configuration mixing. Potential energy curves, as well as transition dipole moments and second moments of charge as a function of internuclear separation, are reported for 1Σ+g and 1Σ+u states. Transition dipole moments are in good agreement with experiment as are spectroscopic constants for the observed states. Analysis of the second moment and transition moment functions for the lowest 1Σ+u state shows clearly a transformation from atom pair to valence to ion pair to nearly pure Rydberg character as a function of internuclear separation between the separated atoms and the united atom limits.


A passing paper consists of four problems solved completely plus significant progress on two other problems; moreover, the set of problems solved completely must include one from each of Sections A, B and C. Section A. In this section you may quote without proof basic theorems and classifications from group theory and group actions as long as you state clearly what facts you are using. 1. Let G be a solvable group of order 168 = 2 3 · 3 · 7. The aim of this exercise is to show that G has a normal Sylow p-subgroup for some prime p. Let M be a minimal normal subgroup of G. (a) Show that if M is not a Sylow p-subgroup for any prime p, then |M | = 2 or 4. [You may quote without proof any results you need about minimal normal subgroups of solvable groups.] (b) Assume |M | = 2 or 4, and let G = G/M. Prove that G has a normal Sylow 7-subgroup. (c) Under the same assumptions and notation as (b), let H be the complete preimage in G of the normal Sylow 7-subgroup of G. Prove that H has a normal Sylow 7-subgroup, P , and deduce that P is normal in G. Solution a. M is an elementary abelian p-group for some prime p, by considering first M and then M p for p dividing M. Both are normal subgroups of G smaller than M , so must be trivial. Hence in this case M has order 2,4,8,3, or 7. If M is not a Sylow subgroup, it must have order 2 or 4.


Technology platform strategies offer a novel way to orchestrate a rich portfolio of contributions made by the many independent actors who form an ecosystem of heterogeneous complementors around a stable platform core. This form of organising has been successfully used in the smartphone, gaming, social-networking, and commercial software industries, amongst others. Technology ecosystems require stability and control to leverage common investments in standard components, yet also need creativity and variety to meet heterogeneous market demand. While this control-creativity tension has been addressed conceptually in the literature, additional empirical analysis can deepen our understanding of this tension, and identify additional tensions common in technology ecosystems. Tensions may manifest as dualisms, where actors are faced with contradictory, either/or decisions. Alternatively, they can manifest as dualities, where tensions are framed as complementary and mutually-enabling. We explore these issues through an extensive case study of a business software ecosystem consisting of a major multinational software manufacturer at the core, and a system of independent implementation partners and solution developers on the periphery. Our research analyses three primary tensions: control-creativity, standardisation-variety, and individual-collective. We explore the mechanisms of the ecosystem governance that accommodate these tensions, and highlight the specific properties that can be generalizable to other technology ecosystems. Finally, we identify triggers in the case data where latent, mutually enabling tensions become manifest as salient, disabling tensions. By identifying transitions between the complementary and contradictory logics, our study contributes to the understanding of both the design of the ecosystem governance, but also the constant managerial finesse needed to achieve equilibrium and avoid problems of "market failure" in technology ecosystems that function as semi-regulated marketplaces.


The coastal area is a major area of socio-economic development and the most active zone for human activities. With the rapid development of the economy and the strengthening of urban construction, the groundwater environmental problems in coastal areas are increasingly prominent. It is significant to investigate the groundwater chemical characteristics, hydrochemical types, and the factors that influence groundwater chemistry for water resources protection and groundwater resources development. In this paper, 48 groundwater samples and 5 surface water samples from the study area were analyzed with statistical analysis, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, mineral saturation index method, and the ionic scale factor, and explored the factors that influence groundwater chemistry. The modified Nemerow index method was also applied to evaluate the groundwater. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is neutral to weakly alkaline (average pH = 7.0~8.0). The groundwater chemical types are mainly Cl·SO4-Na and SO4·Cl-Ca·Mg. Hydrochemistry is mainly influenced by rock weathering and evaporative concentration. TDS was strongly correlated with TDS, Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, and the saturation index showed a gradual increase along the groundwater drainage flow path, it indicates that the main groundwater ions originate from the dissolution of halite, sulfate, and carbonate. Combining GIS technology and the kriging spatial interpolation method, we obtained the current situation map of groundwater quality in Laoshan District. The groundwater quality is mainly III water, and the overall water quality is good; IV and V water is mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, distributed in a belt pattern along the coastline. It is mainly influenced by both the human factor and seawater intrusion. It is significant for the utilization of groundwater resources and the management of seawater intrusion in the Laoshan District. In addition, the proposed research ideas and methods provide a reference for the study of groundwater genesis in other coastal areas in the world.


Background: Patients with eosinophilic COPD & frequent exacerbations may benefit from mepolizumab (MEP) treatment. Objective: Assess efficacy & safety of 2 MEP doses vs placebo (PBO) in COPD with blood eosinophils ≥150 cells/µL [screening] or ≥300 cells/µL [prior yr], history of ≥2 moderate/≥1 severe exacerbations & ICS+≥2 bronchodilator maintenance therapies (ICS+MT). Methods: Phase III, randomised, PBO-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial (METREO); patients received SC MEP 100mg, MEP 300mg or PBO plus ICS+MT, every 4 wks for 52 wks. Primary endpoint: rate/yr of moderate (systemic corticosteroids/antibiotics)/severe(hospitalisation or death) exacerbations. Secondary endpoints included: time to first moderate/severe exacerbation & rate/yr of exacerbations requiring ER visit and/or hospitalisation. Safety was assessed. Hochberg procedure applied to adjust for multiplicity of treatment comparisons. Results: In the modified intent-to-treat population (n=674), rates/yr of moderate/severe exacerbations were 1.19, 1.27 & 1.49 for MEP 100mg, MEP 300mg & PBO, respectively. Rate ratios: MEP 100mg/PBO 0.80 (95%CI 0.65,0.98;p=0.034[unadjusted]; p=0.068[adjusted]); MEP 300mg/PBO 0.86 (95%CI 0.70,1.05;p=0.140[unadjusted]; p=0.140[adjusted]). Secondary endpoints were not significantly different vs PBO for either MEP dose after adjustment. Safety profiles were similar to PBO. Conclusions: Clinically relevant, but not statistically significant, reductions in rate/yr of moderate/severe exacerbations were achieved for both MEP doses vs PBO, with no additional benefit from the higher dose. Both doses were well tolerated. This suggests that eosinophils are a potential target for assessing treatment response in COPD. Funding: GSK (NCT02105961)


The invention provides a box-type testing device and pass-type detecting equipment. The box-type testing device is suitable for being used in cooperation with the pass-type hybridization detecting equipment which is provided with a reaction chamber and a reaction chamber bottom face with the temperature regulating function. The box-type testing device comprises a molded main box body (210), a transparent membrane (220) and a sealing device (230), wherein the transparent membrane (220) is attached to the downstream side bottom face of the main box body (210) and is suitable for hybridizing with a passing analyte to catch and display a target analyte with a specific sequence or a preset sequence, the sealing device (230) is arranged on the downstream side of the transparent membrane (220), at least one testing compartment is formed in the main box body (210), and the sealing device (230) is suitable for being matched with the reaction chamber bottom face when used in cooperation with the pass-type hybridization detecting equipment to provide gas-tight seal on the bottom face of the box-type testing device so that the analyte can be prevented from flowing to the adjacent testing compartment from the testing compartment.


Gastrointestinal dysmotility (GID) covers a spectrum of disorders disrupting enteric neuromuscular co‐ordination which, when severe, causes intractable gastrointestinal symptoms and malnutrition and is a recognized cause of chronic intestinal failure. To date, no study has provided an in‐depth account of the experiences of patients with severe GID and their psychosocial needs. This study aimed to explore patients' experiences from symptom onset and the process of seeking and receiving a diagnosis. It specifically explored the psychological effect of this process and the effect on relationships.


Objective] To investigate the effect of the Hewei granule (HG) with different kinds of Amomum on gastrointestinal motility and to choose the most effective one and optimal dose.[Methods] The small intestinal propulsion and gastric emptying were observed before and after the three kinds of HG were feed. [Results] The three kinds of HG had obvious effect of promoting the gastrointestinal motility, which was similar with that of Cisapride ( P 0.05) and better than that of the control group ( P 0.05). The effect of HG with Amomun villosum Lour was better than that of others, however there was no statistical difference ( P 0.05) . The gastrointestinal motility did not significantly increase as the dose added. [Conclusion] HG can improve gastrointestinal motility effectively. The one with Amomum villosum Lour is more effective than the others. Dose-response relationship is not notable.


Ulster has not yet been invaded systematically, but from the information we have received, many important centres are taking to the fields in the most enthusiastic manner'. Thus wrote Gaelic Athletic Association (G.A.A.) founder Michael Cusack in 1885. It was fashionable then to refer to a national sports party 'invading' another land to exhibit a sport to the host country, but Cusack was probably parodying unionist depictions of recent nationalist political campaigns in the north-east as 'invasions' – a term that itself mocked nationalism and its southern promoters as foreign entities in the north.


It was introduced the theory and features of RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) model which was based on the development of the Management System for broadband increment business, described the design and implementation in permission management, researched on authentication of user and permission.


A novel robust indirect adaptive fuzzy H∞ control scheme based on fuzzy basis functions is proposed via linear matrix inequality(LMI) technique for the single input single output nonlinear system.A robust control compensator is derived to offset the effect of uncertainties.It can be shown that the effect of the external disturbance on the tracking error can be attenuated to prescribed level and then the H∞ tracking control performance is achieved.Theory has proved that the algorithm of on-line self-adjusting by means of altering the fuzzy rules basis made the control system stable globally and then the tracking control has been achieved.


Adsorption of methanol on Si(001) was studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), molecular beam techniques, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at surface temperatures between 50 and 800 K. Even at lowest temperatures, only the final reaction products, i.e., a silicon bound methoxy group and a Si–H entity, were observed in the XPS and STM experiments. However, the initial sticking probability drops with increasing surface temperature, indicating that the reaction proceeds via an intermediate state. Two final configurations with the dissociation products adsorbed either on one or two silicon dimers were observed; their branching ratio does not change with temperature, indicating very similar, low conversion barriers for the two pathways.


How to automatically and effectively measure geometric parameters and defects of train wheel-sets is a key problem in the maintenance of wheelsets. Currently, there are several methods for this kind of measurements. However, all these methods cannot meet the requirements of high accuracy, low cost, and short measurement periods at the same time. A quite simple and novel method for measuring geometric parameters and defects of wheelsets was proposed in this paper. Most key geometric parameters, such as diameters at any given point of the tread, flange thickness, flange height, rim thickness, rim width, wheel flats, and distance between internal faces etc., can be easily obtained by use of five sets of parallelogram mechanisms together with laser transducers. Wheel-sets are dragged simply by a chain to pass through the measurement system when the measurement results are done, which has totally changed the situation that a measurement platform was required to support a wheelset and makes it rotate in order to take measurements. Methods to calibrate the measurement errors of the system are also discussed, and some in-situ measurement results are given. Experimental results show that the measurement uncertainty within 0.1 mm can be reached by the developed system.


A new MATLAB package called HIFOO was recently proposed for H-infinity fixed-order controller design. This document illustrates how some standard controller design examples can be solved with this software.


The new knowledge through a concrete scientific study of the dyeing process of polyamide filament yarns (nylon yarn) with anionic dye in slightly acidic medium without any other additives (electrolyte, yeast, equalizer, etc.) in order to transfer the process in industrial conditions have investigated in this study. Generally, polyamide fibers (nylon, PA) have a different but similar chemical composition, depending on the base materials used for their synthesis. Anionic dye is usually used for dyeing cellulosic materials, but in special cases it can also be used for dyeing other textile raw materials. In this study, samples of polyamide filament yarn of linear density of 151 Nm have dyed with anionic dye at a temperature of 95 °C. Acetic acid was added in the dyeing solution to adjust the pH of the medium. The used dye is marked like C.I. Direct Red 1. The used dye concentrations for dyeing the samples were 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/dm3, while the time of the dyeing process were 5, 10, 15, 25 and 40 minutes. At the end of dyeing, the absorbance measuring at the maximum wavelength (520 nm) was performed using a spectrophotometer (Cary 100 Conc UV-VIS, Varian). From the results, the degree of exhaustion dye and the amount adsorbed dye are obtained. The degree of dye exhaustion compared to initial dye concentration for different dyeing time, after 40 min was 70 %. The influence of the contact length between adsorbate (dye) and absorbent (polyamide yarn) on dye is evident i.e. a longer time contributes to a bigger degree of exhaustion. Changing the adsorbed amount of adsorbate on the adsorbent for different initial concentrations and dyeing time shows continuity in changes during initial concentration and time growth, i.e. a bigger amount of dye in the solution or longer dyeing time cause a bigger amount of adsorbed dye per unit mass of the adsorbent. Isotherms of adsorption are of big importance for the study of the dyeing process, so more of them were used in this study, but thee isothermal Halsey model was the most effective for clarifying process of dyeing. High functionality of the variables was detected with Halsey model (coefficient of determination=0,995). The process of dyeing polyamides with used dye solves the problem of large quantities of electrolytes and surfactants in wastewater after dyeing. The results show that the addition of acetic acid in solution, gives a bigger dye adsorption to the fiber. For better results, it is necessary to carefully select to the appropriate of the bath (appropriate acid, mineral-organic, some additives, etc.), the temperature-time regime od dyeing process, as well as the dyeing stage itself. For better results, it is necessary to carefully select the appropriate composition of the bath (appropriate acid, mineral-organic, some additives, etc.), the temperature-time regime of the dyeing process, as well as the dyeing phase.


Malnutrition, in all its forms, is a critical global public health problem. Food production and consumption patterns are also the largest challenges to planetary boundaries. Transformative change is needed in research, information and outreach, political commitment, and financial and institutional capacity to achieve sustainable and equitable food systems. Change, to date, has been incremental, not transformative; however, it is essential to significantly improve outcomes, an issue which will be a central theme of the United Nations' Food Systems Summit 2021 and the intensive discussions leading up to it. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have powered the recent food security and nutrition discourse. And yet, SDG2 (zero hunger) is not broad enough; it does not pay enough attention to the growing incidence of obesity, as do the World Health Assembly targets for 2025. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the sub-targets of SDG2 are anything but straightforward. Growth in agricultural productivity does not necessarily increase incomes of small farmers, and productivity growth does not always assure improved nutrition. Increased income does not necessarily lead to improved nutrition. This also applies to the relationship of SDG2 to several other of the 16 SDGs. Increasingly, the concept of multidimensional poverty (MDP) has received attention in explaining food security and nutrition. MDP is substantially higher than income poverty, particularly among children. In addition, the chapter examines the relationship of gender inequality and nutrition, gender and obesity, nutrition transition, and the roles of changing lifestyles, food systems, and modern food chains.


A finite-difference method is applied to three-dimensional multilayered shielded structures containing planar waveguide discontinuities. The electric field distribution inside the shielded structure is computed, and the equivalent capacitances of the discontinuities are determined. Open-ends and gaps in various coplanar waveguides with one- and two-layer substrates as well as more complicated structures like interdigitated capacitors are examined. The calculated results are in good agreement with accurate measurements and results from other methods.<<ETX>>


Pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS) describes rare dermal‐based malignant tumours that are morphologically similar to atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). PDS may be differentiated from AFX by the presence of one or more of the following histologic features: subcutaneous invasion, tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and/or perineural infiltration (PNI).


The Unhas KKN-PPM program aims to provide a comprehensive understanding to local communities, who live in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction area in Salenrang Village, Maros Regency, about the importance of standardization and certification of tourism businesses so that the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be managed by the community. locally professionally. In addition, this program also aims to provide assistance to the local community to communicate their needs related to the procurement of more complete tourism facilities and infrastructure to the Regional Government of Maros Regency and the Regional Government of South Sulawesi Province. The mission to be achieved is that the community is expected to be able to actively participate in the development and promotion of tourism in the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourist attraction so that later it can make this destination an international tourism destination that brings in many foreign tourists. With this, the potential and economic contribution of the Rammang-Rammang Karst tourism object can be maximized for the welfare of local communities and increasing state income.


Studies concerning the synthesis and the characteri zation of biodiesel from palm, soybean and sunflowe r oils include the influence of temperature, amount of cat alyst and reaction time on the conversion of each b iodiesel type. Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) were synthesized by alkali catalyzed transesterification of the oils, using methanol at 6:1 alcohol: oil molar ratio. Several physico-chemical properties of biodiesel were assayed and compared with values established by the European standards for biodiesel . The fatty acid methyl esters have been analyzed b y gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy.


Contrary to conventional ATRP, aqueous A(R)GET-ATRP at ambient temperature without deoxygenating reaction solutions is an extremely facile method to create polymer brushes. Using these techniques, extremely thick poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] polymer brushes can be prepared (∼700 nm), or reaction solutions can be low chemical-content, consisting of 99% v/v water. Based on these techniques, we have also developed an easy and inexpensive method, referred to as "paint on"-ATRP, that directly pastes reaction solutions onto various large-scale real-life substrates open to the air. The resulting brush surfaces possess excellent oil-repellent properties, which can be activated or deactivated in response to solution pH.


Physicists like to believe that every problem has a solution. They also like these solutions to be natural and universal – and sometimes even elegant and beautiful – rather than contrived or ad hoc. But some problems are so difficult that they can only be solved by less than elegant methods. The shortage of women in physics is one such problem.


Toward a Positive Theory of International Institutions: Regulating International Aviation Markets by John E. Richards The regulation of postwar international aviation markets suggests that existing approaches to international institutions cannot adequately account for important elements of international institution building. In particular, scholars have neglected how domestic politics shapes the incentives of national governments to create and maintain international institutions and the impact of domestic politics on the scope and functions of international institutions. Drawing on positive theories of regulation and the literature on property rights, I argue that national politicians use international institutions to increase the wealth available for domestic redistribution. In short, national politicians create and maintain international institutions to maximize domestic political support. I present a domestic political model that explains how, when, and why national politicians create international institutions. The model is applied to the creation of institutions governing international aviation markets in the late 1940s and the reformulation of these institutions over the past two decades. Origins of the Federal Reserve System: International Incentives and the Domestic Free-rider Problem by J. Lawrence Broz The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913 to provide the public good of domestic financial system stability. Its main purpose was to safeguard the nation from banking panics and other economically costly financial disturbances. In this article, I explain the collective action behind the Federal Reserve Act by way of the joint products (selective incentives) model. The selective inducement that motivated lobbying for the Federal Reserve was the desire to internationalize usage of the U.S. dollar, a benefit restricted primarily to moneycenter bankers. Bankers internalized the costs of producing the Federal Reserve because the private gains associated with internationalizing the currency could not be disassociated from production of domestic financial stability. The article provides a road map of the joint products model and demonstrates empirically the supply technology that bound together the public and private goods of the Federal Reserve Act. Democratic Institutions and Exchange-rate Commitments by William Bernhard and David Leblang Since the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, countries have been able to choose from a variety of exchange-rate arrangements. We argue that politicians' incentives condition the choice of an exchange-rate arrangement. These incentives reflect the configuration of domestic political institutions, particularly electoral and legislative institutions. In systems where the cost of electoral defeat is high and electoral timing is exogenous, politicians will be less willing to forgo their discretion over monetary policy with a fixed exchange rate. In systems where the costs of electoral defeat are low and electoral timing is endogenous, politicians are more likely to adopt a fixed exchange-rate regime. Consequently, differences in domestic political systems can help account for variations in the choice of exchange-rate arrangements. We test this argument using constrained multinomial logit and binomial logit on a sample of twenty democracies over the period 1974-95. Domestic political institutions have a significant effect on exchange-rate regime choice, even after controlling for systemic, macroeconomic, and other political variables. Asset Specificity and the Political Behavior of Firms: Lobbying for Subsidies in Norway by James E. Alt, Fredrik Carlsen, Per Heum, and Kare Johansen Previous research into endogenous trade policy has described extensively the political incentives of firms with specific assets, but no studies have shown directly that firms behave as predicted. We adopt insights from transaction costs economics to develop measures of asset specificity and to investigate how variation in these measures affects the political behavior of firms. In particular, we examine the lobbying choices of Norwegian firms in the 1980s. Given available subsidy funds from Norway's oil boom and some government decisions in the 1970s, firms with more specific assets faced potentially greater losses from adjusting to new activities in the face of competitive pressures and thus had greater incentives to lobby for subsidies to protect themselves. Joint contacting of Parliament and government on behalf of firm interests by representatives of both management and labor should be particularly likely where firms had specific assets. Data analysis shows that asset specificity, as indicated by R&D intensity and job immobility, predicts joint contacting independently of plausible alternative explanatory variables like firm size and export orientation. Retaliation, Bargaining, and the Pursuit of "Free and Fair" Trade by Kishore Gawande and Wendy L. Hansen That domestic political economic factors are important determinants of a nation's trade barriers has been empirically well established. However, the question of how effective strategically retaliatory trade barriers are in deterring foreign protectionism has received far less systematic empirical attention. In this article we use bilateral nontariff barrier (NTB) data between the United States and five developed partner countries (Japan, France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom) to systematically examine the effectiveness of strategic retaliation. We employ a simultaneous Tobit model where the home and foreign NTB levels are determined endogenously in a bilateral game. The model provides estimates of deterrence coefficients, that is, the reduction in foreign trade barriers as a result of U.S. retaliation, which we use to characterize the nature of bilateral NTB games. Our hope is that the empirical results presented here, which have realistic though controversial implications, will inform U.S. trade policy. Case Studies and the Statistical Worldview: Review of King, Keohane, and Verba's Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research. by Timothy J. McKeown Gary King, Robert O. Keohane, and Sydney Verba's Designing Social Inquiry exploits the metaphor of researcher-as-statistician to develop guidelines for conducting social scientific research that are allegedly applicable to all empirical investigations. Their approach has sharp and often unflattering implications for case studies and similar research strategies. Because their statistical worldview is unable to make sense of important aspects of case study research or of the importance that is sometimes attached to the findings of a single case, their argument seemingly casts doubt on the wisdom of producing or consuming such studies. I argue that the foundation of classical statistics and the epistemology of Carl Hempel and Karl Popper is an inadequate and misleading basis for a critical evaluation of case studies. I then present examples of research that are not easily accommodated within the authors' framework and sketch the elements of an alternative epistemological framework rooted in a "pattern" model of explanation. The latter is a standpoint that is much more helpful in understanding and criticizing case studies than the framework presented in Designing Social Inquiry.


Urolithiasis is caused by a series of metabolic alterations which gives it the multifactorial character to the etiology of this renal pathology. For this reason, this research was carried out with the goal of evaluating proteic, lipidic, glucidic and insulin and cortisol hormone variations in urolithiasic patients from the urology medical examination at Servicio Autonomo Hospital Universitario "Antonio Patricio de Alcala" (SAHUAPA) in the city of Cumana. With that in mind, thirty serum samples from urolithiasic patients of both sexes, ages ranging between 15 and 60 were analyzed. Total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose concentrations were determined by spectrocolorimetric procedures; insulin concentration was determined by electrochemoluminiscence essay, and cortisol concentration by inmunoenzimatic method. The statistical analysis employed was the multifactorial ANOVA test to establish mean concentration differences of parameters quantified regarding the sex and age of the patients. Very significant differences were observed in cholesterol according to sex and age, significant in glucose depending on age and in insulin in relation to sex. What has been previously described allows conclude that age and sex are epidemiological variables conditioning glucidic, lipidic and hormonal alterations in urolithiasis.


The problem of learning unknown functions in a class of cascaded nonlinear systems is studied. The functions to be learned are those functions that are imbedded in the system dynamics and are of known period of time. In addition to the unknown periodic time functions, nonlinear uncertainties bounded by known functions of the state are also admissible. The objective of the paper is to find an iterative learning control under which the class of nonlinear systems are globally stabilized (in the sense of being uniform bounded), their outputs are asymptotically convergent, and a combination of the time functions contained in system dynamics are asymptotically learned. To this end, a new type of differential-difference learning law is utilized to generate the proposed learning control that yields both asymptotic stability of the system output and asymptotic convergence of the learning error. The design is carried out by applying the Lyapunov direct method and backward recursive design method.


This paper is the publication of the amulet Papyrus British Museum EA 10732 written for the protection of Amennakhte, born of Tarekhânou, against the srf-inflammation. The text is very close to P. Chester Beatty VII verso 7, with some variations in text and images. A partial doublet of P. Chester Beatty VII, verso 7 has been published by Yvan Koenig (Papyrus Deir al-Médîna 42). The nature of the relationships between P. British Museum EA 10732 and P. Chester Beatty VII, verso 7, is discussed.


During styrene (STY) polymerization, initiated by radicals formed by thermal or photochemical decomposition of 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) the overall polymerization rate constant K defined by relation K = Rp/([AIBN]0,5 [STY] η) and the ratio kp/(2kt0) increase with decreasing styrene concentration by hexane or benzene (Rp is the polymerization rate and ηMIX the viscosity of the reaction system). In the thermally initiated polymerization K = kp (2f kd/(2kt0))0,5 and in the photochemically initiated polymerization K = kp (2,303 ϕ I0ϵ d/(2kt0))0,5 where kd, kp, and kt0 are respectively, the rate constants of AIBN decomposition, of propagation, and of termination (for a system of the viscosity 1 mPa·s) reactions, ϕ is the quantum yield of radicals entering into reaction with the monomer, I0 the intensity of the incident light, ϵ the molar absorption coefficient of AIBN, and d the path length of the light. The increase of K and of kp/(2kt0) with decreasing monomer concentration is more marked for the system styrene/hexane than for styrene/benzene and this increase is greater at 30°C than at 60°C. For Θ-systems formed by binary mixtures like styrene/hexane, styrene/decane and styrene/C1 – C4 alcohols the values of kp and kt0 at 30°C range between 57 and 91 dm3·mol−1·s−1 and (0,9 to 2,2)·107 dm3·mPa·mol−1, i.e. they are in principle identical with the tabulated values of these rate constants for styrene bulk polymerization.


This work is devoted to the technology developed by the authors that allows one for fixed values of parameters and tracing by parameters to calculate stationary solutions of systems with delay and analyze their stability. We discuss the results of applying this technology to Marchuk-Petrov's antiviral immune response model with parameter values corresponding to hepatitis B infection. The presence of bistability and hysteresis properties in this model is shown for the first time.


The frequency of obstetric palsy ranges from 0.5 to 3.0 cases per 1000 live births. The functional outcome disorders are determined by the nature of the damage and the number of damaged roots of the brachial plexus. There are 50 % of patients have complete recovery, 15 % have severe functional disorders of the upper limb, and 35 % have some limitation of the shoulder joint function. There are 3 variants of residual phenomena in children with obstetric palsy: paresis, paralysis, and co‑contraction. The article describes the mechanisms of nerve regeneration in children and adults, the pathogenesis of contractions and motor disorders in general in children with obstetric palsy, and modern methods of treatment of co‑contraction. This article will be useful for neurologists, rehabilitation specialists, and orthopedists.


:  This study observes that consensus analysts' forecasts incorrectly predict an increase in one-year-ahead earnings in 28.9% of the firm-year observations, and that correct (incorrect) firms generate 14.8% (−25.7%) abnormal returns over the next year, on average. The ability to anticipate when analysts' predicted earnings increases will or will not materialize is therefore potentially important to investors and investment fund managers. This paper develops an empirical model that predicts when analysts' forecasts will correctly (versus incorrectly) anticipate the direction of the change in upcoming earnings, by exploiting information in (a) the nature of analysts' characteristics and firms' earnings predictability, and (b) fundamental analysis of firms' earnings growth. The model successfully distinguishes between forecasted earnings increases that do (versus do not) materialize and a trading strategy that takes long (short) positions in the portfolio the model identifies as more (less) likely correct generates an average annual abnormal return of 14.1%.


Computer modeling and simulation has been a successful tool in the design of complex control systems. This paper discusses a computer simulation that is being developed to evaluate a controller for a triaxial shaker system. The shaker system has eight inputs and six outputs. Frequency response data from testing of the actual system has been used to identify parameters for the model.


The present invention relates to that, more particularly a more efficient re-programmable vehicle gateway and a control method for a vehicle controller. Gateway for carrying out the reprogramming of the plurality of vehicle control corresponding to a function in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention includes a diagnostic device authentication section that authenticates the diagnosis device; When the authentication of the diagnostic completion unit firmware authentication to perform authentication with the firmware group by using the authentication information about the firmware group and the firmware group including a plurality of firmware corresponding to a function is received from the diagnosis device; And it may include a firmware processing unit for transmitting a plurality of firmware respectively contained in the firmware of the authentication to the controller a corresponding group.


In this article,the author analyses historical(social)background of the rising of ancient Olympic Games and finds fairplay is the most important element of ancient Olympic Games. At the end of this article,the author suggests we should study fairplay in order to hold the Beijing Olympic Games successfully in 2008.


The article examines the historiography of conquest and colonization in Spanish America, pointing to a change of perspective: history is not being written any more from the point of view of the conqueror - and the class who inherited its privileged position - but from the point of view of those who have been conquered and afterwards dominated. Though this change seems to be the recent result of epistemological and ethical requirements of multiculturalist approaches, we can see that it has long been prepared, mainly by the incorporation of social history perspectives and concepts.


Objective:In order to observe death causes in Luohu district so as to facilitate prevention and treatment.Method:Analysis of the death causes data in Luohu district in 2001.Results:The main sequence of death causes was as follows: cancer, circulatory system disease, respiratory system disease, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease, genitourinary system disease. The five diseases took up 64.4% of the mortalities.Conclusions:The residents are in condition and low mortality in Luohu district of Shenzhen city. The prevention and control of cancer and circulatory system diseases should be strengthened.


A new high-voltage scaling based on Kilpatrick's criterion is presented that suggests that voltages more than twice the Kilpatrick limit can be obtained with identical initial conditions of vacuum and surface cleanliness. The calculations are based on the experimentally observed decrease in secondary electron emission with increasing ion impact energy above 100 keV. A generalized secondary-emission package has been developed to simulate actual cavity dynamics in conjunction with our 2¿-dimensional fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code CEMIT. The results are discussed with application to the suppression of vacuum breakdown in rf accelerator devices.


Work In Terminal presents the analysis, design, implementation and results of Reconstruction Xicocotitlan Tollan-through augmented reality (Extended), which will release information about the Toltec capital supplemented by presenting an overview of the main premises of the Xicocotitlan Tollan city supported dimensional models based on the augmented reality technique showing the user a virtual representation of buildings in Tollan phase.


A series of processes presented by the media both serves the formation of hegemonic culture, and carries out an ideological function in the society. Within this framework, the aim of this study is to define the role of the media in weight problem and weight control of the students in the sampling groups in adolescence and young adulthood periods which are accepted as risk groups in the process leading to anorexia and bulimia nevrosa diseases. In this context, the view that the body has been a consumption object, that the individual perceives the body as subject since it can be controlled has been somehow popular in our age. Depending on these ideas, the relation between the frequency of following the media, the wish to resemble models and the behaviour of going on a diet; and the relation between the anxiety level in terms of weight and applying diet lists given by the media are tested. Findings of the present study reveal that the media have an effect on the formation of culture in which being slim is very important.


Aim. The aim of our research was fractionation of polysaccharide complexes from fresh plum fruits, comparative study content of neutral sugars in it, element composition of plum fruit and investigation of influence of fibers and water soluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) on histostructure of rats liver in conditions of ethanol intoxication Methods. The elemental composition was determined with atomic emission spectrophotometer ISE 3500 (Thermo Scientific, USA). The content of polysaccharide fractions as fibers, WSPC and pectin was determined by Gravimetry. The comparative study of monosaccharides content in obtained fractions was carried out with picric acid method on a Hewlett Packard 8453 spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 463 nm in a cuvette with a layer thickness of 10 mm. Investigation of the influence of fibers and water soluble polysaccharide complex (WSPC) of plum fruit on histostructure of rat liver was carried out on the model of ethanol intoxication. Results. As a result of the study element composition were determined. Potassium has the most content in fruits– 2000 μg/100 g. Content of heavy metals in the plum fruit does not exceed the norms established by the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Three polysaccharide fractions, as fibers WSPC and pectines, were obtained from the fresh plum fruits. The most content of neutral sugars were determined in the WSPS – 61.52±1.47 %. Their content in other complexes was: in fibers – 59.23±1.15 %, pectin – 22.85±0.55 %. It was confirmed that simultaneous administration of alcohol with the fibers of plum fruits in a dose of 200 mg / kg prevents the development of fatty dystrophy of the liver parenchyma, in contrast to the similar scheme of the administration of the WSPC of plum fruit in the same dose or drug comparison silibor at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Conclusions. Considering results of phitochemical and pharmacological research we can assume that the plum fruit fiber is promising for further study in order to create a new effective and safe drugs for use in medical practice


Abstract Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) metal complexes of a new SNO tridentate heterocyclic Schiff base derived from the reaction of 1‐amino‐5‐benzoyl‐4‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrimidine‐2‐thione with salicylaldehyde have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic, IR, and 1H NMR spectra, and also by molar conductivity measurements, magnetic moment measurements and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). It has been found that the Schiff base behaves as a neutral tridentate SNO ligand forming chelates with 1:2 or 1:1 (metal:ligand) stoichiometry. The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) are proposed to have an octahedral structure, while the Cu(II) complex is suggested to have a square–pyramidal geometry. All of the complexes show nonelectrolytic behavior.


In the early 1980's, there is much controversy in the United States in connection with the opening and reopening of nuclear power plants, and the siting of or the living next to hazardous waste sites. While many issues are involved, a central one is the question of the psychological impact on the affected population. If the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania were to be started up again, would there be negative mental health consequences for the area residents? Have there been deleterious mental effects as a result of the exposure to hazardous wastes in the Times Beach, Missouri situation? Public hearings, court cases, and mass media accounts associated with these and similar events openly state and speculate about both the short and long term consequences of such actual or potential stressful situations on the mental well-being of the people most directly involved.


The object G2 was recently discovered descending into the gravitational potential of the supermassive black hole (BH) Sgr A*. We test the photoionized cloud scenario, determine the cloud properties, and estimate the emission during the pericenter passage. The incident radiation is computed starting from the individual stars at the locations of G2. The radiative transfer calculations are conducted with CLOUDY code and 2011 broadband and line luminosities are fitted. The spherically symmetric, tidally distorted, and magnetically arrested cloud shapes are tested with both the interstellar medium dust and 10 nm graphite dust. The best-fitting magnetically arrested model has the initial density ninit = 1.8 × 105 cm−3, initial radius Rinit = 2.2 × 1015 cm = 17 mas, mass mcloud = 4 MEarth, and dust relative abundance A = 0.072. It provides a good fit to 2011 data, is consistent with the luminosities in 2004 and 2008, and reaches an agreement with the observed size. We revise down the predicted radio and X-ray bow shock luminosities to be below the quiescent level of Sgr A*, which readily leads to non-detection in agreement to observations. The magnetic energy dissipation in the cloud at the pericenter coupled with more powerful irradiation may lead to an infrared source with an apparent magnitude . No shock into the cloud and no X-rays are expected from cloud squeezing by the ambient gas pressure. Larger than previously estimated cloud mass mcloud = (4–20) MEarth may produce a higher accretion rate and a brighter state of Sgr A* as the debris descend onto the BH.


A simple, reliable, and stability‐indicating RP‐HPLC‐UV method was developed and validated for the estimation of related substances (p‐chlorophenol and unknown impurities) of chlorzoxazone (skeletal muscle relaxant). Along with this as the compound contains a potential genotoxic impurity (2‐amino‐4‐chlorophenol), which needs to have more sensitivity in quantification, we have also developed and validated a separate RP‐HPLC‐mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method for the estimation of 2‐amino‐4‐chlorophenol impurity. Both methods (RP‐HPLC‐UV & RP‐HPLC–MS/MS) were validated in accordance with International Council for Harmonization Q2(R1) and were found to be precise, accurate, robust, linear, and specific with limit of quantification values established with respect to 100% of test concentration, 0.018% w/w of p‐chlorophenol by RP‐HPLC‐UV, and 2 ppm of 2‐amino‐4‐chlorophenol by RP‐HPLC–MS.


Through the participatory photography technique, this study investigated the heritage value and sense of belonging that Barranquilla's downtown has for casual visitors andpermanent users. The results suggest that the relationship of Barranquilla's inhabitants which are casual visitors with this area of the city began to recover morefrom the center of their desire's. Meanwhile, the center's permanent users seem to launch an SOS to find help to overcome theproblems that overwhelm them. This lack of coherence in the views of the people of Barranquilla around its Historic Center could affect negatively the mass mobilization that is needed for this area to operate as an integrated territory within the city's progress.


On July 17, 2003, the National Bureau of Economic Research announced that the United States economy had troughed in November 2001 following the peak in March 2001. This makes the 2001 recession one of the shortest in U.S. history being only eight months in length. Whereas business cycles are defined in terms of the overall economies the authors of this paper investigate whether this national recession was evenly shared among the 50 states. In particular we examine the economic performance of arid/semi-arid states with the humid/semi-humid states. Did the arid/semi-arid states economies suffer more, or less than the general U.S. economy or was this truly a "national recession" where states suffered equally. After an extensive review of the literature on economic cycles, the authors analyze the most recent economic performance and conclude that the arid states economic performance differed form the national economy.


This paper aimed to described a 1.5 year-old Labrador male, diagnosed with cryptococcosis using fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The dog was showing signs of depression and hyporexia. Peripheral lymph nodes and a mass situated between the submandibular lymph nodes were aspirated. The cytology showed yeast-like structures resembling Cryptococcus sp. in all samples examined. These findings were confirmed by culture (C. neoformans, serotype D). The FNAC technique allowed a quick, safe and easy diagnosis in this case.


The new higher education policy in Indonesia, Kampus Merdeka ("Independent Campus"), enables university students to take a course credit from non-course activities, one of them is a humanitarian project. Despite the vast potential and opportunity, there is a gap between the current curriculum practices with the university understanding of humanitarian technology activity. In this paper, we discuss our current experience to integrate humanitarian technology activity in computer science undergraduate education at IPB University. We discuss the example of the relevant project both in curricular and extra-curricular activity in our university. Lastly, based on our experience, we present the lesson learned and the future possibility to further enablements for a more impactful humanitarian project in university.


We report a case of successful isolation of all pulmonary veins (PV) for symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using a 23‐mm cryoballoon with continued paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during a 3‐month follow‐up. Left atrial‐to‐PV‐junction ablation was then performed 3 months after the first procedure using a larger 28‐mm balloon despite unrecovered isolation of all four PV, thereby curing symptomatic atrial fibrillation in this case.


Objective: We describe and analyze the acute peripheral neuropathy associated with neuropathic pain in patients with CHIKV infection during its acute and subacute phase. Background: Chikungunya is a relatively benign form of viral infection caused by a RNA-virus of the Togaviridae family. In 2015, an outbreak occurred in Brazil. Neurological complications were previously described with a prevalence of 16.3%, including encephalitis, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, myeloneuropathy, and myopathy. Currently, there is no literature regarding neuropathic pain related to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Design/Methods: The analysis included patients with neuropathic pain up to 8 weeks after a confirmed CHIKV infection. All patients were submitted to median nerve ultrasound and electrophysiological studies. Results: Few patients with preceding CHIKV infection who remain with arthritis also show signs of neuropathic pain in upper and lower limbs. Electrophysiological findings are unrevealing except for increase of sensory and motor distal latencies of the median nerve. Hand and wrist ultrasound disclosed thickening of the median nerve, joint effusion and tenosynovitis. Finally, the painful area was not restricted to the median nerve distribution, nor could be justified by the arthritis, suggesting associated small-fiber nerve involvement. Conclusions: CHIKV infection is possibly associated with neuropathic pain, with potential lesion to small-fiber nerves. Acute carpal syndrome might be caused by mechanical compression caused by soft tissue edema, by a direct infectious neuritis or by immune-mediated mechanisms. Further research on its pathogenesis and long-term prognosis is warranted. Disclosure: Dr. Dantas Pagliarini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Passos dos Santos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kirmse has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ferreira has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pires has nothing to disclose. Dr. Amaral has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pupe has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davidovich has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nascimento has nothing to disclose.


It's a classic Catch-22 scenario. A group needs funding to implement an innovative idea with the potential to save many lives. But the group first needs to show that their proposed project will saves lives before anyone will agree to fund it. One possible alternative to this conundrum is to fund


Self-discipline in academics is the firmness of students in training themselves to be better in their learning. E-learning is now a growing learning method in every corner of the globe. It is able to speed up teaching and make the learning process last a lifetime. In Malaysia, the effectiveness of e-learning among school students may differ from IPT students where e-learning has a positive impact on IPT students. It was found that not many studies have been done on high school students related to distance education using elearning methods. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted to find out the level of self-discipline of secondary school students in the world of e-learning during the period of the Covid-19 Movement Control Order in Malaysia as well as its relationship with gender and academic performance. The sample of this study was randomly selected consisting of 165 respondents of upper secondary students in Form Four and Five at SMK Syed Sirajuddin, Perlis. To achieve the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was used to collect research information and data was analysed with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS version 26). Overall, the results of the mean calculation found that the level of selfdiscipline of students is at a moderate level. The results of the t-test found out that there was no significant difference between the levels of students' self-discipline based on gender. Meanwhile, Pearson correlation test proves that students' level of selfdiscipline also affects their academic performance. At the end of this writing, some suggestions have been put forward. Finally, this study has an impact not only on the world of education where teaching and learning are in new norms but also on the world of information technology to further develop interactive learning.


The photocatalytic technology as a kind of green and potential technology has been paid more and more attention in ever-increasing environmental pollution and energy shortage. In this study, a practical strategy is proposed to facilitate effectively the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes by addition of graphene oxide in Ag3PO4 and Bi2WO6 nanocrystals semiconductor composites. Compared with GO-single component, the three-component RGO-Ag3PO4/Bi2WO6 composites exhibited improved photocatalytic activity with a degradation rate that reached up to 91% for tetracycline (TC) by visible light irradiation. Graphene oxide served as an electronic conduction medium to effectively transfer the photogenerated electrons from the conduction band of Bi2WO6 to the valence band of Ag3PO4; the all-solid-state Z-Scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Our work provides an effective method for development of pragmatic photocatalysts in the present environmental pollution, energy problems and other related f...


Abstract : Contents: A nonlinear theory of wings with small aspect ratios; Concurrent discharge of two gas flows through a jet nozzle.


This paper explores the idea of whether there is a relationship between the visual look of a written language and the ideological aspect of its society, and if the shape of a script could reveal any information about what was or what is going on in a country. An underlying argument in this study is that a script is not only a medium of access to a set of sociocultural dimensions of human lives through its literary aspects, it is also a materialisation of such dimensions through its visual aspects. Therefore, examining the shift in visual form and application of scripts could contribute to better understanding the changes in the different dimensions of a society. A large body of literature have explored the written language in general. However, their primarily focus is on the linguistic aspect of scripts. What seems to be missing in the current literature is an understanding of the aesthetic dimensions of a script as an artefact, a design object that embody different dimensions of human lives. In other words, the shape of a script, its visual reflection of different dimensions within a given society, and how these dimensions intersect is not well understood at present. This paper looks at the link between written language and ideology, as an example of such dimensions, from a designer's perspective. It explores the transformation of the Perso-Arabic script from sacred calligraphy to graffiti by examining and comparing examples of this script that has been drawn on buildings.


The article deals with issues related to the specifics of the detection and investigation of illegal logging of forest plantations. Separate ways to improve the quality of investigation of the investigated group of environmental crimes and ways to solve problems are proposed.


Initiatives addressing issues of Women in Computing (WiC) at FSC has been inconsistent in the last decade. As a response, two faculty have worked with student leaders to reinstantiate the WiC student club during the COVID19 pandemic. Re-instituting the club has raised some questions that are not entirely pandemic related. FSC is primarily a commuter college within the larger NY State university system, where 90% of the 10,000 enrolled commute. Computer Systems enrollment is consistently 90% male and 10% female. Since student clubs are vital for the social climate and student engagement of a college campus, women-focused student clubs are especially important to create a supportive atmosphere and camaraderie among the women students enrolled in the computing programs. In this BoF, the facilitators look forward to collaborating with colleagues/student leaders who have experience and interest in advising/running student clubs. The facilitators would also like to explore more deeply on topics of working with student leaders, examining the role of faculty advisors for student clubs, and welcome insight and perspectives of students who are involved with student clubs. The facilitators will share and solicit input on the unique challenges of commuter colleges where there is a shortage of student leaders that have the time and the mindset for running student clubs.


In this paper a particle-in-cell model is used to simulate the SEE (stimulated electromagnetic emission) produced by the parametric decay instability when a powerful high-frequency electromagnetic pump O-wave is launched into F-region of the ionosphere. The simulation results show the ratio of the pump wave frequency (0) to the electron cyclotron harmonic frequency (ce) strongly influences the SEE when pump wave frequency is very close to the electron cyclotron frequency. Moreover the angle between the incident pump wave electric field and the geomagnetic field is also a considerable factor to the SEE. For example, for , the SEE is obvious, when the pump electric field is perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, but if the pump electric field is parallel to the geomagnetic field, there is no SEE phenomenon.


This study aims to determine the description of students who have self-regulated learning towards online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic at SMPN 2 Pakisjaya, Karawang Regency. This research is based on phenomena that occur in schools. There are some students who have low self-regulated learning in online learning. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive type of research. Data collection techniques used in this research is to use observation, interviews. The subjects in this study were 3 students who had low self-regulated learning towards online learning during the covid-19 period. The results of this study found that students during the online learning process experienced difficulties in self-regulation in learning, this was seen from the aspects of metacognition, motivation and behavior. The factors that influence students' self-regulated learning are internal factors and external factors. Keywords: : Self regulated learning, Online learning, Covid-19


In this work, two different maximum likelihood approaches for multivariate curve resolution based on maximum likelihood principal component analysis (MLPCA) and on weighted alternating least squares (WALS) are compared with the standard multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method. To illustrate this comparison, three different experimental data sets are used: the first one is an environmental aerosol source apportionment; the second is a time‐course DNA microarray, and the third one is an ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. Error structures of the first two data sets were heteroscedastic and uncorrelated, and the difference between them was in the existence of missing values in the second case. In the third data set about ultrafast spectroscopy, error correlation between the values at different wavelengths is present. The obtained results confirmed that the resolved component profiles obtained by MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS are practically identical to those obtained by MCR‐WALS and that they can differ from those resolved by ordinary MCR‐ALS, especially in the case of high noise. It is shown that methods that incorporate uncertainty estimations (such as MLPCA‐ALS and MCR‐WALS) can provide more reliable results and better estimated parameters than unweighted approaches (such as MCR‐ALS) in the case of the presence of high amounts of noise. The possible advantage of using MLPCA‐MCR‐ALS over MCR‐WALS is then that the former does not require changing the traditional MCR‐ALS algorithm because MLPCA is only used as a preliminary data pretreatment before MCR analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.