Predicts that telematics systems will be either installed or offered as options on nearly all new U.S. cars by 2003. GM's OnStar, is now available to more than 1 million drivers, making it the leader in the U.S. Others include Tele Aid from Mercedes-Benz, Lexus Link JaguarNet, Jaguar Assist, Joyride from Clarion and a service from BMW. Safety features such as tracking stolen cars and sending automatic alerts to public safety agencies in emergencies are the first tier of services. Provides details on some of the expected "concierge" features, such route guidance and on-board, voice-activated access to the Internet and e-mail. The other leading U.S. makers, Ford, Chrysler and Dodge, are developing or licensing systems, too.


This study was carried out to investigate the effects of air temperature during midsummer on sunburn occurrence that had some problems recently on `Fuji`/M.9 planting system in Korea. There was a positive relationship between sunburn incidence and accumulated days with high air temperature over , or accumulated total quantum per day. `Fuji`/M.9 apple trees with relatively open canopies, compared to `Fuji`/M.26, were more susceptible to sunburn injury because the fruit was more exposed to sunlight. In `Fuji`/M.9 apple trees, those that were poor in vigor or with short bourse shoot length were more susceptible to sunburn injury. Sunburn incidence was affected by neither regions nor row orientations. Sunburn was observed most often on the fruits on the south and west sides of the trees. The reason was due to high skin temperature of the fruits reaching under full sunlight.


Abstract Conventional population estimates do not account for spatiotemporal fluctuations in populations over a diurnal timescale at the level of retail store catchments. This presents challenges for the retail location-based decision making process which seeks to predict sales volumes and their temporal characteristics prior to new store construction. We present a novel analysis of the temporal fluctuations of store sales, evidencing links between the spatiotemporal distribution of specific population subgroups and temporal store sales. Previous research linking spatiotemporal populations and store sales is limited owing to the fact that commercial data are not openly available to academic research. However, this research has unprecedented access to store level temporal sales data and an established loyalty card scheme from a major UK grocery retailer making these analyses possible for the first time. Additionally, we demonstrate that current store classifications were inadequate for grouping stores with similar sales profiles and propose four new clusters of stores based on the times of the day that they generate revenues. This development has clear academic and commercial benefits, aiding our understanding of consumer behaviours and a novel solution for improved location modelling. We lay the foundations for further research building spatiotemporal demand fluctuations into retail location models.


Information repackaging aims to overcome barriers to delivering information to users. The high frequency of use of learning management system applications and online meetings has caused various obstacles in the learning process, both in terms of learning models and the costs incurred to buy internet packages. This study aims to repack the lecture material using the assistance of the Youtube and Google Sites applications to support online learning activities. The method applied is applied research in a practical form. Repackaged information is lecture material. The packaging process begins with the selection of lecture materials. Lecture materials are arranged in the form of video tutorials which are divided into several sections. The results of media transfer are stored and published on Youtube. All lecture materials on Youtube are packaged on a website using Google Sites. This study concludes that the combination of Youtube and Google Sites can produce structured and attractive information in the form of an interactive website. Repackaging information using Youtube and Google Sites has changed the paradigm that has been developing, by eliminating dependence on physical media, such as CDs, DVDs, flash drives, and other storage media for storage and packaging media.


Mobile technology has become more mature, which has resulted in the new concept of mobile learning. Combining mobile learning with learning language may make language learning more attractive. Podcasting is one of mobile technology's new applications. This research explores the acceptance and critical factors of applying Podcasting towards learning a language. The design utilises the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. We demonstrate that there is a positive attitude towards Podcasting. We also show that performance expectancy is the most important factor when applying Podcasts to learning a language.


INTRODUCTION: Perioperative anemia commonly occurs in patients undoing major surgery. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron therapy (IVIT) given compared to standard practice of oral iron in the perioperative period. DESIGN: We conducted a Cochrane style systematic review. The search strategy included common search engines: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar for only eligible clinical trials (randomized controlled trials) comparing IV over oral iron therapy up to July 2019. The primary outcome was the effect of IVIT on the change of hemoglobin level. The secondary outcomes were the effects of IVIT compared to oral iron on ferritin level, mean corpuscular volume, and adverse side effects. Data were collected from each trial and where applicable meta-analyzed using RevMan. RESULTS: Six randomized clinical trials that fit our inclusion criteria were included in the study. We found that IVIT increases the level of hemoglobin compared to oral iron (MD: Mean difference 0.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–1.36, P = 0.000). Serum ferritin levels increased significantly in favor of the IV iron group compared to the oral iron group at posttreatment (MD: 106.95, 95% CI: 73.29, 140.62 ng/mL). In addition, marked increases in the pooled mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level were observed in favor of the IVIT (MD: 6.07, 95% CI: −0.88–13.02). There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse effects in both the groups. CONCLUSION: IV iron therapy is more effective than oral iron on increasing hemoglobin, ferritin, and MCV in the perioperative period and is also as safe with no diffidence in the risk of developing adverse side effects.


Subject. We consider the activities of commercial banks relating to banking services that are based on remote service technology.
Objectives. The purpose is to explore remote banking as one of the most promising ways to provide banking services, using the PAO Promsvyazbank case.
Methods. The study rests on general scientific methods, like analysis and synthesis, historical analysis, comparison, and tabular and graphical methods for presenting data.
Results. We reviewed the indicators of remote banking in Russia and its development trends, analyzed the transactions of PAO Promsvyazbank in the remote banking market. The analysis results enabled to unveil problems, prospects, and areas for remote banking development.
Conclusions. The use of foreign partners' experience, a clear and coherent development strategy, and coordinated activities will enable PAO Promsvyazbank to create a successful system of remote banking in the Russian market. It is crucial to follow the developed strategy to strengthen the bank's position in the future. Competent implementation of remote services will help enhance performance efficiency and expand business through selling banking products and attracting new customers. The findings may be useful for studying the development trends in remote banking services and assessing their efficiency.


Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and inflammation may be involved in the early pathogenesis of AD in patients with OSA. However, the potential pathways between OSA and AD have yet to be established. In this study, we aimed to investigate differential expressions of AD-associated genes in OSA patients without evident AD or dementia. Methods: This prospective case-control study included five patients with severe OSA and five age and sex-matched patients with non-severe OSA without evident dementia who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2015. The expressions of genes associated with AD were analyzed using whole-exome sequencing. Unsupervised two-dimensional hierarchical clustering was performed on these genes. Pearson's correlation was used as the distance metric to simultaneously cluster subjects and genes. Results: The expressions of CCL2, IL6, CXCL8, HLA-A, and IL1RN in the patients with severe OSA were significantly different from those in the patients with non-severe OSA and contributed to changes in the immune response, cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling pathways. Conclusions: Inflammation may contribute to the onset of AD and physicians need to be aware of the potential occurrence of AD in patients with severe OSA.


Slag and fly ash were used to produce ceramic fiber reinforced geopolymeric concrete( CFRGC). The CFRGC materials with different volumetric fractions of ceramic fiber after heating at different temperatures,the change of compressive strength,longitudinal wave velocity and frequency spectrum characteristics of CFRGC,as well as the evolution of temperature crack,were studied by compressive strength testing,ultrasonic testing,crack width observation and wavelet transform analysis. The results indicate that the strength,wave velocity and wave impedance of CFRGC decrease and temperature crack width increases after high-temperature exposure. The distribution of power spectral density and signal energy in each wave band has evident changes with the rising thermal damage after wavelet decomposition. Signal energy in one wave band is more sensitive to the damage than longitudinal wave velocity. The addition of ceramic fiber significantly improves the high-temperature properties of CFRGC when the volumetric fraction of ceramic fiber is 0. 3%.


Here I prove some extension theorem for multifunctions in a space with an arbitrary uniform structure and orbital completeness. The motivation comes from a fixed point theorem due to Dhage which is proved as a special case of the theorem presented here.


The direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.

The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F1 and F2 except with roots/plant in F1 population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F2. Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F2 generation.


Transiting planets in nearby young clusters offer the opportunity to study the atmospheres and dynamics of planets during their formative years. To this end, we focused on K2-25b—a close-in (P = 3.48 days), Neptune-sized exoplanet orbiting a M4.5 dwarf in the 650 Myr Hyades cluster. We combined photometric observations of K2-25 covering a total of 44 transits and spanning >2 yr, drawn from a mix of space-based telescopes (Spitzer Space Telescope and K2) and ground-based facilities (Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network and MEarth). The transit photometry spanned 0.6–4.5 μm, which enabled our study of K2-25b's transmission spectrum. We combined and fit each data set at a common wavelength within a Markov Chain Monte Carlo framework, yielding consistent planet parameters. The resulting transit depths ruled out a solar-composition atmosphere for K2-25b for the range of expected planetary masses and equilibrium temperature at a >4σ confidence level, and are consistent with a flat transmission spectrum. Mass constraints and transit observations at a finer grid of wavelengths (e.g., from the Hubble Space Telescope) are needed to make more definitive statements about the presence of clouds or an atmosphere of high mean molecular weight. Our precise measurements of K2-25b's transit duration also enabled new constraints on the eccentricity of K2-25's orbit. We find K2-25b's orbit to be eccentric (e > 0.20) for all reasonable stellar densities and independent of the observation wavelength or instrument. The high eccentricity is suggestive of a complex dynamical history and motivates future searches for additional planets or stellar companions.


Swirling flows have been investigated extensively aiming at providing further insight into the conditions that cause abrupt flow stagnation and associated breakdown. This latter complex feature may be evidenced, for instance, in the benchmark model flow driven by one end disk of an upright cylinder of given aspect ratio [1, 2]. Several prior studies provided means of controlling breakdown onset as it can be harmful / beneficial, depending upon the application considered. Hereafter, are presented selected investigations based on kinematic, geometric and thermal means of vortex flows control. Of note, Mullin et al. [3] demonstrated the effects of including a tapered center body and showed it to alter significantly breakdown onset and location. In particular, they argued that the inhibition / suppression of the vortex structure depended on the axial pressure gradient sign, induced by the conical axial rod, whose circular base is sealed to either the rotating or the stationary disk of the enclosure. Manungua et al. [4], through numerical simulations and dye visualizations, attributed the effective vortex control to the role of vorticity strength, modified upstream of the vortex by the differential rotation of a partial rotating disk flash mounted into the top lid. More recently, breakdown topology in an enclosure shrouded by a polygonal cross section sidewall was explored numerically and experimentally by Naumov et al. [5]. Despite the drastic change in the lateral geometry, the findings revealed that the core flow which displays breakdown remains axisymmetric and the 3D non axisymmetric behavior was remarked in the bulk flow adjacent to the sidewall. The topology and parameter dependence of breakdown was addressed by Jones et al. [6]. Their analysis led to the identification of the adequate parameters which allowed consistent comparison between bubble breakdown observed in a torsionally driven cylinder flow and the spiral type vortex occurring in flows through openended pipes. More recently, Shtern [7] highlighted the role of the swirl decay as a physical mechanism to control breakdown development. Thermal effects on confined vortex flows were addressed numerically by, for instance, Lugt et al. [8]. Their findings evidenced the sensitivity of breakdown to weak buoyancy caused by an unstable thermal stratification resulting from a slightly heated bottom disk. Under stable thermal stratification, significant effects on the swirling flow topology were reported by Omi et al. [9] who extended the investigation to account for co-/counter-rotating end disks. Compressibility effects were demonstrated by Herrada et al. [10, 11], in the case of a non-Boussinesq swirling flow driven by the bottom disk rotation of a cylinder with and without a central rod. A combination of buoyancy and rod differential rotation provided efficient means of vortex flows control: a forced axial temperature gradient was shown to enhance or eliminate the vortex features; depending on the sign of the temperature gradient. Flow stagnation and associated breakdown which occur in a swirling jet under effect of thermal buoyancy was addressed by Dina et al. [12] who performed PIV measurements and concluded that a temperature gradient between the jet core and its surrounding fluid causes the suppression/enhancement of the vortex pattern; depending on the sign of the gradient. Effects of a density variation on a confined isothermal swirling flow which exhibits on-axis vortex breakdown, driven by the top disk rotation of a cylinder, were recently addressed experimentally by Ismadi et al. [13] using axial injection of dye, denser or lighter than the ambient liquid. Flow visualizations indicated that heavy dye enhanced the formation of breakdown while very light dye injection (density variations of order 0.01%) caused the occurrence of offaxis ring type vortices and modified the threshold of breakdown onset. Concerns over the symmetry/asymmetry of onaxis breakdown in a cylinder were noted by several investigators: dye visualizations often provide images of vortices with asymmetric folds while 3D numerical counterparts, under well controlled conditions, predict axisymmetric patterns [6, 14, 15]. This discrepancy is often attributed to the inevitable imperfections of the set up and operating conditions such as a 0.01% misalignment of the cavity axis [14] or a slight tilt (≈2°) of one end disk [15]. Motivated by the above considerations, the current work explored numerically the sensitivity of a helical flow and associated vortex characteristics to a differential heating in a disk-cylinder system. Buoyancy was first implemented by a warm/cool axial fluid injection then by means of a differentially heated/cooled tiny rod.


This investigation of the use of cryogens as energy storage media for zero emission vehicles has found that using liquid nitrogen to liquefy the working fluids of one or more closed Rankine power cycles can be an effective means for increasing motive power. System configurations are presented which can realize a specific energy greater than 400 kJ/kg-LN2 (110 W-hr/kg-LN2) without relying on isothermal expanders. A zero emission vehicle utilizing such a propulsion system would have an energy storage reservoir that can be refilled in a matter of minutes and a range comparable to that of a conventional automobile.


Abstract Three new northeastern Pacific species of the deep-sea limpet family Neolepetopsidae are described. One (Paralepetopsis tunnicliffae) is from the hydrothermal vent habitat, and two (Paralepetopsis clementensis and Neolepetopsis nicolasensis) are from whale bone. This is the first record of the genus Paralepetopsis from the eastern Pacific, and the first record of the family from whale bone, in contrast to all previous records from hydrothermal vents and seeps. The family Neolepetopsidae joins the cocculiniform Pyropeltidae in its occurrence in the vent/seep habitat and the whale-fall habitat. Unlike the Pyropeltidae, in which species may occur in both the vent/seep and the whale-fall habitat, the two new neolepetopsid species in the whale-fall habitat are not the same as the species in the nearest vent/seep habitats.


The coastal position of the Kaliningrad region is an important factor in its socio-economic development, and in municipalities with direct access to the sea, it usually provides additional benefits. At the same time, the proximity to the administrative center – the core of the Kaliningrad agglomeration - determines the connectivity of these territories, especially by migration. How does the combination of the two most important features of the economic and geographical location affect the development of migration processes in the coastal municipalities of the Kaliningrad region? The answer to this question determines the purpose of this study. The methodological basis of the study was statistical and cartographic methods, the method of typologization. The study showed that in most municipalities, the "coastal" factor and the "agglomeration" factor form multidirectional migration flows, while covering different categories of the migrants. Thus, if intraregional migration ensures the redistribution of young people and the working-age population from the periphery to the regional center, then interregional migration contributes to the concentration of the elderly migrants in tourist and recreational coastal municipalities. Population growth due to internal and external migration is typical only for recreational Svetlogorsk and Zelenograd districts. In the Pionerskiy, Yantarny, Svetlovsky and Baltijsk districts, external migration (mainly from other regions of Russia) levels the intraregional outflow of population. In Kaliningrad and the neighboring Guryevsky district, external migration plays a concomitant role, complementing the large-scale population growth due to internal immigration. The low level of socio-economic development of most municipalities located in the waters of the bays determines the predominance of the outflow of population to the regional center over the immigration from other countries and regions of Russia.


Dietary sodium restriction (9 μmol/g food) was started in 4-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), and was continued for 3 or 6 weeks. Low sodium intake for 3 weeks prevented the development of hypertension in SHR. More prolonged restriction caused hypotensive blood pressure levels in both SHR and WKY. At 7 weeks of age, SHR and WKY on a control diet showed similar blood pressure decreases after prazosin; at 10 weeks the response was significantly larger in SHR. Sodium restriction from 4 to 7 weeks of age did not inhibit the prazosin effect, whereas after more prolonged restriction the response was significantly inhibited in SHR compared with control SHR as well as with sodium-restricted WKY. These results indicate that sodium restriction may affect blood pressure in several ways, and that inhibition of the α-receptor mediated pressor effect is specific to SHR.


Introduction: Left atrial appendage (LAA) is the primary source of clot formation that can cause stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). LAA closure dev...


The large reservoirs constructed in the last decades in Brazil play an important ecological, economic and social role. Although these systems were originally built u p for the purpose o f hydroelectric production, they worked as a basis for regional development, resulting in the expansion of agriculture, industry and population growth (TUNDISI 1989). Some of the ecological consequences are excessive deforestation, increasing eutrophication and deterioration of water qualiry for multiple uses. Denitrification is a major mechanism by which excess nitrogen and carbon are removed by the aquatic system, acting as a controller of eutrophication. On the other hand, it has been suggested that gaseous subproducts of denitrification, such as N,O and NO, have increased in the atmosphere, leading to owne depletion and the greenhouse effect (DAVIDSON I 991). The Tietê River forms a linked cascade of six large reservoirs at its middle and lower portion (Fig. 1): Barra Bonita, Bariri, Ibitinga, Promissão, Nova Avanhandava and Três lrmãos. These systems are characterized by different levels of eutrophication, usually higher in the upstrearn portions due to the launching of untreated sewage from the Ciry of São Paulo and decreasing downstrearn (BARBOSA et al. I999). TUNDISI et al. (1991), in an early study in five reservoirs of the Tietê River, also verified that nitrate is the most common inorganic nutrient observed in these systems, decreasing gradually downstrearn. This suggests that denitrification should occur in the water column as dissolved oxygen becomes limited. In this study, nitrification and denitrification experiments were carried out along six reservoirs in the Tietê River, in order to identify the nitrogen compound transformations and to determine how much nitrogen gas is released by the systems.


Steganalysis with low embedding rates is a difficult problem in the information hiding field. Using the characteristics of wavelet package decomposition, which is a delicate method for signal processing, and the feature of Joint Probability (JP), which better expresses the correlation of speech signals, a steganalysis at low embedding rates based on the JP feature of the second-order derivative-based Wavelet package Coefficient(WPC) of the speech signal is proposed in this paper. The steganography detection performance,including the detecting accuracy, computing complexity and extraction time of JP, was compared using Markov bidirectional transition probability (MBTP) and Traditional Markov second-order transition probability(TMSOTP) based on WPC and non-WPC, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the JP of the WPC is more suitable forsteganalysis at low embedding rates with the low complexity and shortest extraction time among the tested methods; the accuracy rate can be up to 75%,whereas the embedding is only 3%.


The We constructed a library from Mung bean nuclease generated DNA frag- ments of Plasmodium falciparum (Palo Alto) in the expression vector XJK2 (1). This genomic library was screened immunologically with human sera from malaria immune patients. One of the positive clones, pPf2O3 encodes a polypeptide of 201 amino acids which is highly homologous to regions of the two known heat shock proteins Pfhsp70 (2, 3) and the T114 (4). pPf203 shares 150 residues (771 identity; between bp 151-738; (2)) with Pfhsp7O and 112 residues (571 identity; between bp 144-737;(4)) with T114. Below we pre-sent the DNA and the deduced amino acid sequence of pPf203.


Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) delivery is becoming a new trend with the development of the logistics with drones since its advantage of high-efficiency and zero-contact. High precision positioning is the precondition of the UAV delivery. A novel positioning scheme based on the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) opportunity signal is proposed in this paper to improve the positioning performance in the global satellite navigation system (GNSS)-denied environment. The solution process of 5G opportunities signals is introduced in this paper in detail. Firstly, the standard 5G downlink waveform is generated by 5G toolbox. Secondly, the waveform is passed through the tap delay line (TDL) channel model which is specified in 3GPP TR 38.901. Finally, the local receiver is designed to calculate the pseudorange information by utilizing the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and second synchronization signal (SSS) in the SSB burst. The simulation results show that the ranging error of a single base station with accurate initial location is 10.942m and the ranging positioning error of multi base stations with unknown initial location is 13.581m.


The convective heat transfer from the surface of an ellipsoidal forebody of fineness ratio 3 and 20-inch maximum diameter was investigated in clear air for both stationary and rotating operation over a range of conditions including air speeds up to 240 knots, rotational speeds up to 1200 rpm, and angles of attack of 0 deg, 3 deg, and 6 deg. The results are presented in the form of heat-transfer coefficients and the correlation of Nusselt and Reynolds numbers. Both a uniform surface temperature and a uniform input heater density distribution were used. The experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions for uniform surface temperature distribution. Complete agreement was not obtained with uniform input heat density in the laminar-flow region because of conduction effects. No significant effects of rotation were obtained over the range of airstream and rotational speeds investigated. Operation at angle of attack had only minor effects on the local heat transfer. Transition from laminar to turbulent heat transfer occurred over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The location of transition depended primarily on surface roughness and pressure and temperature gradients. Limited transient heating data indicate that the variation of surface temperature with time followed closely an exponential relation.


The transportation sector is undergoing a considerable transformation as it enters a new landscape where connectivity is seamless and mobility options as well as related business models are increasing. Besides technological advancements, which have revolutionized transportation supply with services such as, real-time traveller information, collective travelling, provision of way findings and navigation services regarding multimodality of trips, the need for more efficient transportation systems emerges due to the 2 Enterprise Interoperability Workshop current vast development in urbanization. The work presented here, presents the approach to be followed within OPTIMUM, a project that operates in an environment of ubiquitous connectivity throughout the transportation system and its surroundings that continuously provides data on the present state and emerging situations.


Background: Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age across the world. The present study was designed to clinically evaluate the children of age 1 month to 1 year with pneumonia, correlate it with bacteriological, radiological findings and to study the risk factors.Methods: Clinical, bacteriological, radiological features and risk factors of community acquired pneumonia in children of age group 1 month to 1 year were noted and analysed.Results: As per WHO ARI control programme, 72% had pneumonia, 25.3 % had severe pneumonia and 2.6% had very severe pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia was detected radiologically in 4.6% and viral pneumonia in 88.6% of cases. Chest X-ray was normal in 6.6% of cases. Tachypnoea, chest retractions, crepitations alone and crepitations with rhonchi correlated well with positive radiological findings. Inappropriate immunization for age, lack of breast feeding, preterm birth, smoking in family were significant risk factors for severe Pneumonia. 39.3% had leucocytosis and 24% had positive CRP. Culture was positive in 23 cases (15.3% culture positivity).Conclusions: Radiologically confirmed Pneumonia should be treated with antibiotics because, in clinical practice, it is virtually impossible to distinguish exclusively between viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia. As the viruses are most common causative agents of Pneumonia in 1 month to 1 year, PCR kits should be used to identify viral etiological agents. Early and exclusive breast feeding should be promoted to decrease the risk of pneumonia.


On the one hand, the widespread use of electron microprobe analysis in the version of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and, on the other hand, the comparability of the metrological characteristics of the EDS and wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS) in the case of determining the major components of minerals are a favourable background for investigating the possibility of using SEM-EDS for chemical dating of uranium mineralization. Carbonaceous-siliceous formations of the Dabanzhalga suite are widespread in carbonate deposits of the Lower Paleozoic in the Oka structural-formational zone of the East Sayan and represent deep-water deposits of the back-arc basin. All varieties of carbonaceous-siliceous rocks of the Dabanzhalga suite are characterized by increased U, Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, Mo, V, P, Cu. Their amounts are 5–10 times higher than those for other black shale deposits of the Eastern Sayan. Uranium forms its minerals – uraninite and brannerite, in association with carbonaceous matter and sulfides, and is also part of anhydrous phosphates – xenotime, monazite. The paper presents data on the composition and dating of brannerite and uraninite in samples of carbonaceous-siliceous shale sampled at three sites: Uber-Zhadoy, Deed-Khara-Zhalga and Erye-Khara-Zhalga. The obtained estimates of the isochronous dates of uraninite and brannerite grains for these areas are 523±26, 506±10, and 511±17 Ma, respectively. It was shown that these dates could be compared with the age of metamorphism at the Sukhoi Log deposit, estimated using modern methods of isotope geochronology. It should be noted that the average estimates of the dates of uraninite and brannerite in all studied areas of the Dabanzhalga suite are lower than the corresponding estimates of the isochronous date, which is probably due to the partial loss of radiogenic lead. For the Uber-Zhadoy site, a comparison of the EDS and WDS data was carried out, and it was shown that when using the EDS data, there is an underestimation of the Pb content in uraninite, and, as a consequence, an underestimation of the age of uraninite.


Taking new varieties of early maturing maize Biandan No.3 as experimental material,the effect of different planting density on yield and agronomic traits were studied under the six different planting density conditions.The results showed that the yield of Biandan No.3 was first increased and then decreased with the increasing of planting density,when the density of 67 500 plants per hm2achieved the highest yield of 8 997.6 kg·hm-2.Plant height and ear height increased with the increasing of the density,100-kernel weight and kernel weight per ear decreased with the increasing of the density,the yield per plant was significantly reduced with the increasing of the density.


day respectively the most populous and the most powerful of the democratic states of the world. Each came into existence as a result of a long struggle against British rule. The leaders of the Indian National Congress gained encouragement and inspiration from the American example, and from the stirring words of the Declaration of Independence and other great documents of American freedom. Many Americans followed the course of the Indian independence movement with sympathetic attention, and read the writings of Tagore and Gandhi and Nehru with absorbed interest. Until 1947, however, relations between the United States and India, on both official and unofficial levels, were for the most part remote and indirect. Since 1947 Americans and Indians have discovered each other. Unfortunately this period of discovery has been an uneasy and trying one, and Into-American relations have been inescapably colored by the course of world events and by internal as well as external complications. During this period, for obvious reasons, the United States has been forced to concern itself with the defense of the free world in the face of real and present danger, while India has been primarily concerned with the improvement of conditions within her borders and with other grave problems of survival. Basically, because of the similarity of interests and goals, relations between the United States and India have been fairly good; but Americans and Indians alike are distressed by the many points of friction which have arisen between their two countries, and their feelings toward each other have gone up and down like a Yo-yo since 1947.


The aims of this study was to determine the influence of environmental
conditions, in the aspect temperature, humidity, and pH between natural nest and
semi-natural nest of hatching success and incubation period of sea turtle eggs
(Lepidochelys olivacea) in Boom Beach, Banyuwangi District, East Java. The sample
was chosen by purposive sampling method of 20 sea turtle eggs collecting from the
same female. Sea turtle eggs that were incubated in natural nest and semi-natural nest
respectively amounted to 10 eggs. Research design was used descriptive method,
which observed the environmental conditions between natural and semi-natural nest.
Independent sample t test is used to compare the percentage of hatchability and was
analyze with SPSS program. The results showed the percentage of hatching in natural
nest was very different with semi-natural nest, while the incubation period could not
be taken of data. The percentage of hatchability in natural nests is better than the
percentage of hatchery in semi-natural nest. There are differences in environmental
conditions in aspects of temperature, humidity, and pH. The pH of the nest is a major
factor in the hatching percentage and the incubation period, semi-natural nest has
more acidic sands than natural nest. From results of observations, it can be concluded
that there were differences in temperature, humidity, and pH between natural nest and
semi-natural nest that affect the incubation period and hatching success of sea turtle
eggs (Lepidochelys olivacea)


Over the last few decades, Iran's scientific development has been on the increase, and it is now the fastest growing country in scientific development, and is currently ranked at 17. Yet there are few papers which address Iran's sustainable development, and the implications that arise from the development of science. In this paper we therefore aim to answer whether or not Iran's scientific development supports its sustainable development. To address both parts we have taken data from 1998-2012, and have looked at scientific development, as well as the development of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. What we found was that all areas of sustainability along with scientific development have significantly increased over the years, with subject areas such as Medicine, Chemistry and Engineering producing the highest number of publications in 2012. As well as this, the data clearly shows that all areas have followed a similar trajectory, and show similar percentage changes year on year. Looking at the data alone we can say that Iran's scientific development does support sustainable development, however this is not the case when we include performance data. Both sets of data show that all areas of sustainability and science in general have increased over the last 15 years, however they differ with regards to the areas in specific. These differences however can be attributed to many points. Further research could look into finding a more robust way of defining the output of research, using a different approach to categorise subject areas, and collecting qualitative data to support the data collected.


We propose an integral sliding mode controller (ISMC) to stabilse an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) which is subject to modelling errors and often suffers from unknown environmental disturbances. The ISMC is effective in compensating for the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic parameters of the vehicle and rejecting the unpredictable disturbance effects due to ocean waves, tides and currents. The ISMC is comprised of an equivalent controller and a switching controller to suppress the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances, and its closed-loop system is exponentially stable. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the proposed control approach, and experimental tests using Cyclops AUV were carried out to demonstrate its practical feasibility.


This work mainly aims to explore the actual load, fillet and contact stresses induced during a mesh cycle in a spur gear tooth. As the mesh stiffness differs at different contact points along the path of contact, it significantly affects the load sharing between the simultaneously meshed contact pairs hence stresses. Comparative study has been made between existing symmetric spur gear pair used in light motor vehicle gear box and asymmetric spur gear. Finite element multi pair contact model has been used to explore the load sharing behavior and related stresses in this work.


This article is devoted to the analysis of different cases of changing the number of customers of the financial pyramid and the establishment of the basic rules of the pyramid schemes on the basis of continuous models, and it is a continuation of works [1, 2], which had formulas to simulate the amount collected by the pyramid scheme and it considers the discrete models


ABSTRACT The memory-type control charts are widely used in the process and service industries for monitoring the production processes. The reason is their sensitivity to quickly react against the small process disturbances. Recently, a new cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart has been proposed that uses the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic, called the EWMA–CUSUM chart. Similarly, in order to further enhance the sensitivity of the EWMA–CUSUM chart, we propose a new CUSUM chart using the generally weighted moving average (GWMA) statistic, called the GWMA–CUSUM chart, for efficiently monitoring the process mean. The GWMA–CUSUM chart encompasses the existing CUSUM and EWMA–CUSUM charts. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are used to explore the run length profiles of the GWMA–CUSUM chart. Based on comprehensive run length comparisons, it turns out that the GWMA–CUSUM chart performs substantially better than the CUSUM, EWMA, GWMA, and EWMA–CUSUM charts when detecting small shifts in the process mean. An illustrative example is also presented to explain the implementation and working of the EWMA–CUSUM and GWMA–CUSUM charts.


The statuteenacted in France in 1953 and modified in 1967 prohibits agreements, express or tacit, that tend toward or might lead to impairment of competition, particularly those that might prevent a decrease in production costs or in the market price of products, those that encourage artificial price increases, those that prevent technical progress, and those that prevent free competition by firms not in the agreement. The statute also prohibits anticompetitive behavior by individual firms that have either a monopoly position or "obvious power" in the market.


Guanidine functions are important motifs and often are present in natural products as well as in many compounds having therapeutic activity.lq2 Consequently, a number of guanylating reagents in the literature and/or available commercial sources are k n o ~ n . ~ ~ Direct synthetic approaches for the preparation of guanidine-derived products in high yields under mild conditions are of great interest in medicinal chemistry. Although fully substituted guanidines are not common, their presence can facilitate binding to complex receptors and therefore can be of key importance for the development of bioactive rnole~ules.6.~ Due to their strongly basic chara~ter,*.~ guanidines can be considered as super bases and chiral guanidines are of potential use as asymmetric reagents. Their Limited utilizationlo in asymmetric synthesis as chiral auxiliaries is mainly due to the absence of simple preparative methods. Although several methods have been described for the preparation of fictionalized guanidines, either in solution11 or by solid-phase methods,lf-h. 6c37c~12 they do not allow the formation of pentasubstituted guanidines. The present work reports a novel and an efficient procedure for preparation of 4-amino-l,l,3,3-tetrasubstituted guanidines in solution under very mild conditions, which involves the use of chloroformamidinium salts (TCFH, la), (BTCFH, lb), (BPCFH, lc) and the chloroimidazolidinium salt (CIP, Id). These salts l a d were prepared as described previ~usly.'~ Salts la-d have been used mainly as coupling reagents in peptide synthesis, in the presence or absence of an additive,13 by activating the carboxyl group of the amino acid. However, during the much slower activation of hindered amino acids, protected peptide segments, or carboxylic acids involved in cyclization, the formamidinium salts may undergo reaction with the


Furfural is used as an aromatics extraction agent in the slurry oil aromatics extration process. Its purity % weight/weight is required to be greater than 98%. In this analysis, compounds in an industrial grade furfural were separated and detected under the optimized GC/MS conditions. With The aid of mass spectrum library searching, ten peaks were identified. They were furan, 2,5-dihydrofuran, 2(SH)-furanone, furfural, 5-methyl-2(SH)-furanone, 1-(2- furanyl)ethanone, 5-methylfurfural, 5-ethylfurfural, 5 -methy I -2 -prop tony I furane and 2 -(4- methy 1- 2 - fury I ) -2 -cyelopenten- 1 -one. These compounds were quantified approximately.


The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between the accentuation of temperament properties, clinical picture of disease, and adherence to therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with different phenotype of oxidative metabolism. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a case-control study was conducted in 156 patients aged 21 to 55 years (101 men and 55 women, mean age 38 years (IQR 29-46)) with verified gastroesophageal reflux disease with assessment of the clinical picture, assessment of the severity of symptoms using a visual analogue scale, concomitant pathology, adherence to therapy, phenotype of oxidative metabolism with the eufillin marker drug, determination of personal psychophysiological features using a temperament accentuation test. Statistical analyses were performed according to study objectives and data set features. Results. In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, 3 main personality types were identified: hyperthymic (n = 29; 19 %), mixed (n = 61; 39 %) and emotionally unstable type (n = 66; 42 %). By oxidative metabolism phenotype, 156 patients were divided into rapid (n = 51; 33 %), intermediate (n = 82; 52 %) and slow metabolizers (n = 23; 15 %). Analysis of multinomial logistic regression showed that in patients with rapid metabolism, in contrast to intermediate and slow metabolizers, low pain syndrome intensity should be expected (p = 0.014). There was no effect on the clinical presentation of temperament properties (p = 0.063). When studying the dependence of adherence to therapy on the properties of temperament and the patient`s metabolic level by multinomial logistic regression in patients with a hyperthymic type of accentuation of temperament properties, the probability of high adherence to therapy was more than 65 % in fast and intermediate metabolizers and 100 % in slow metabolizers (p = 0.006), in patients with mixed types the probability of high adherence to therapy is observed only in slow metabolizers (p = 0.006), patients with emotionally unstable type have a high probability of low adherence to therapy regardless of metabolic level (p = 0.006). Conclusion. To predict adherence of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease to therapy, it is advisable to determine the level of oxidative metabolism and the type of accentuation of temperament properties.


The problem of radiative transfer in a nonisothermal, absorbing, emitting, and scattering medium is investigated. The comparison of anisotropically, isotropically scattering, and of nonscattering media shows the limits for the assumption of simplified models.


This study deals with a topic that has been matter of debate among the academic community for some time: The competences of the EU in Criminal Law. With the current EU law after Lisbon the basic academic criticism of European Criminal Law, especially the prominent objection of a democratic deficit, is being scrutinized. Thereafter the analysis deals with the EU's legislative powers in criminal matters. The competences with regard to the harmonization of Criminal Law are examined as well as the EU's legislative power to define offences via regulations. The work relates the analysis of the current legal basis of European Criminal Law to the fundamental criticism that is voiced especially from the point of view of democratic theory.


We developed a model depletion system with colloidal particles that were refractive index- and density-matched to 80 (w/w)% glycerol in water, and characterized the effect of interparticle interactions on the structure and dynamics of non-equilibrium phases. 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate-co-tert-butyl methacrylate copolymer particles were synthesized following Kodger et al. (Sci. Rep. 5, 14635 (2015)). Particles were dispersed in glycerol/water solutions to generate colloidal suspensions with good control over electrostatic interactions and a moderately high background viscosity of 55 mPa-s. To probe the effects of charge screening and depletion attractions on the suspension phase behavior, we added NaCl and polyacrylamide (M_w = 186 kDa) at various concentrations to particle suspensions formulated at volume fractions of phi = 0.05 and 0.3 and imaged the suspensions using confocal microscopy. The particles were nearly hard spheres at a NaCl concentration of 20 mM, but aggregated when the concentration of NaCl was further increased. Changes in the particle structure and dynamics with increasing concentration of the depletant polyacrylamide followed the trends expected from earlier experiments on depletion-driven gelation. Additionally, we measured the viscosity and corrected first normal stress difference of suspensions formulated at phi = 0.4 with and without added polymer. The solvent viscosity was suitable for rheology measurements without the onset of instabilities such as secondary flows or edge fracture. These results validate this system as an alternative to one common model system, suspensions of poly(methyl methacrylate) particles and polystyrene depletants in organic solvents, for investigating phase behavior and flow properties in attractive colloidal suspensions.


Objective: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover comparative study was conducted in a healthy older population to assess the usefulness of Lactobacillus salivarius WB21 (WB21) ingestion for oral self-care. Methods: The study population included 33 healthy older individuals who were randomly divided into two groups (A and B). Group A consumed WB21 tablets during the first two months and placebo tablets during the following two months. Group B consumed placebo tablets during the first two months and WB21 tablets during the following two months. Before and after ingestion, oral examination, mouth odor test, and saliva collection were performed a total of four times. In addition, health conditions were obtained from a questionnaire survey at the study's midpoint. Results: Two people in group A and one person in group B dropped out of the study. Thus, 15 people in group A and 15 people in group B were included in the analysis. Over two months of WB21 ingestion, salivary secretory IgA increased significantly (p = 0.047) and tongue coating score decreased significantly (p = 0.013). The plaque index, bleeding on probing, and mouth odor levels (H2S and CH3SH concentrations) did not change. During the 6-month study period, no caries, deterioration of periodontitis, or changes in oral health or systemic subjective symptoms were observed. Conclusion: Continuous ingestion of WB21-containing tablets may promote self-care of the teeth and mouths of healthy older adults. Trial registration: R000028335 (UMIN-CTR).


Sometimes it is desirable to compute good bounds on the possible values of an algebraic expression involving variables only known to lie in prescribed finite intervals. While interval arithmetic gives rigorous bounds, if some variables appear more than once in the expression, bounds from interval arithmetic can be very pessimistic. Propagation of Taylor series has long been known as a way to obtain much tighter bounds. More recently, researchers have shown that slope computations often give tighter bounds than Taylor series. First-order slope computations are fairly straightforward, but second-order slope computations sometimes give still better bounds. This paper reviews interval, Taylor-series and slope computations, provides some proofs, presents a possibly new bound optimization, and discusses implementation approaches based on expression graphs and operator overloading, and describes a still unfinished, open-source implementation for experimenting with expression graphs. ∗Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE–AC04– 94AL85000. This document is to be released as SAND2010-1794P.


Electrolytes in modern Li-ion batteries (LIBs) rely on additives of various structures to generate key interphasial chemistries needed for desired performances, although how these additives operate in battery environments remains little understood. Meanwhile, these traditional additives face increasing challenges from emerging battery chemistries, especially those based on high nickel cathode (Ni ≥ 50%) or the metallic lithium anode. In this work, we report a new additive structure with the highest unsaturation degree known so far, along with in-depth understanding of its breakdown mechanism on those aggressive electrode surfaces. Tripropargyl phosphate (TPP) containing three carbon-carbon triple bonds was found to form dense and protective interphases on both NMC532 cathode as well as graphitic and metallic lithium anodes, leading to significant improvements in performances of both LIBs and lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Comprehensive characterizations together with calculations reveal how the unsaturation functionalities of TPP interact with these electrode chemistries and establish interphases that inhibit gas generation, suppress lithium dendrite growth, prevent transition metal ion dissolution and deposition on the anode surface. The correlation established among the additive structure, interphasial chemistries and cell performance will doubtlessly guide us in designing the electrolytes with atomistic precision for future battery chemistries.


I. INTRODUCTION Efforts to sustain international cooperation invariably culminate in the signing of an international treaty, the success of which depends on the acumen of the individuals that negotiate it and the nature of the problem being addressed. But, while diplomats can make a difference, even the cleverest of diplomats cannot be relied upon to sustain first-best outcomes in all cases. Usually cooperation will be partial and there will be some loss in efficiency. International cooperation in these situations is analogous to domestic politics. Democracy may be the best system of government imaginable, but Arrow has taught us that we cannot rely on majority voting to sustain first-best outcomes every time.(1) In international relations, the novel constraint that prevents first-best outcomes from being realized is sovereignty. Since participation in an international treaty is voluntary, agreements that seek to sustain cooperation must be self-enforcing.(2) If the self-enforcement constraint bites with enough force (and this will depend on the nature of the problem being negotiated), then we should not expect our diplomats to return home with the first-best treaty in their briefcases. Often, however, our negotiators could do better than the records indicate. The problem is partly that our negotiators too often have a poor conceptual understanding of the task at hand. As will be explained later, they are not helped by the sometimes confused and disjointed literature, especially with regard to whether free riding is truly a problem in creating international agreements.(3) There is also disagreement in the literature about whether compliance is a problem--and, in particular, whether "sticks" are needed to deter noncompliance. The purpose of this article is to try to make sense of the negotiators' problem by discussing what makes international agreements work and how they can be made to work better. This article begins by defining the international cooperation problem and distinguishing it from other problems requiring negotiation. Part III then discusses the general remedies to this kind of problem, and explains why judicial remedies cannot work for every cooperation problem. Part IV discusses specific remedies (i.e., international treaties) to specific problems. Part V discusses whether compliance with international agreements is a problem or not, and Part VI distinguishes between compliance and participation. The article further distinguishes participation from free riding in Part VII and then in Part VIII it explains why, of all the problems, free-rider deterrence is the hardest to fix. Part IX distinguishes free riding from the related problem of trade leakage. Finally, the article summarizes what all of this means for our negotiators. II. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AS A PRISONERS' DILEMMA Problems of international cooperation involving regional or global public goods, or regional or global commons problems, have characteristics that are crudely captured by the famous Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) game.(4) Examples of such international problems are the harvesting of migratory tuna, polluting of the Black Sea, protection of the ozone layer, conservation of biodiversity, and climate change mitigation. The focus of this article is concerned only with problems such as these, which, in their primitive forms, resemble the PD, or at least have aspects captured by the PD The most important feature of the PD with respect to international public goods or commons problems is that the efficient outcome may not be sustainable by a decentralized or anarchic international system.(5) For example, in the one-shot, single-round PD game, decentralization is fatal to the collective good.(6) More generally, those outcomes that are welfare-superior (as compared to their anarchic counterparts) must be sustained by an enforcement mechanism of some kind. In particular, cooperation can be sustained for even the one-shot PD provided an agreement between the players can be enforced by a third party. …


A slow light medium based on three closely spaced gain lines is studied. Both numerical calculations and experiments demonstrate that large delay can be achieved with large bandwidth and with very small distortion.


Diameter of IVC on CT axial section is a important predictor of hypotension in blunt abdominal trauma. CT scan of abdomen is usually requested whenever there is hemoperitoneum/ free fluid noted on FAST USG imaging in emergency department. The diameter of IVC was measured at infrarenal part. In our review of 25 cases of MDCT abdomen in blunt abdominal trauma, 40% of the cases had FIVC and there was moderate degree of hemoperitoneum.25 cases revealed, 56% of splenic injury out of which 10% has FIVC, 25% of liver injury out of which 20% has FIVC and 20% of renal injury out of which 5% has FIVC. In our study we found, venous phase diameter of IVC on CT axial section predicts hypotension in blunt abdominal trauma.


Product prototype  Ergonomic reflexology vest is an ergonomic intervention recommendation, which serves to reduce or minimize Musculoskeletal disorders such as aches, stiffness, and pain as well as fatigue in the body area of the back, waist, shoulders, and neck of the user. This product features a vertical massaging motor, a vibrator, and its control, a timer, a rechargeable battery, which was designed to be practically foldable and ergonomic because it uses the Indonesian anthropometric dimensions. This product with a number of features was expected to make the body points relax after tired work or activities all day long so that it makes users feel comfortable and able to reactivate. Usability testing of prototype products has been carried out where the result is that prototypes are still lacking and need improvement and development. For this reason, it is necessary to improve and develop the design and features of the vest in order to have better quality. Then the aim of this research is to develop an ergonomic reflexology vest prototype using the method Quality Function Deployment (QFD), through the development of the House of Quality (HoQ), which is the first level of QFD, and to apply ergonomic principles that are effective, safety, healthy, comfortable and efficient. House of Quality (HoQ) aims to translate customer requirements directly to the technical requirements of the products produced. The respondents of this study were drivers car on-line and students were selected based on predetermined characteristic criteria. The results of this study are that there are 15 items Product Attributes as consumer needs and 7 technical requirements. Based on the results of the priority of weights and relative weights, the priority order for 7 items was set: (1) redesigning features, (2) developing and improving design patterns, (3) improving the quality of vest products that are more ergonomic (effective, safety, healthy, comfortable and efficient), (4) quality material selection, (5) testing the ability of vest prototype, (6) warranty service & periodic service, (7) price adjustment with production costs.


Using differential respirometry and air enriched to 3% Co2 (v/v), the rates of photosynthesis and dark respiration of the moss Bryum sandbergii were measured as influenced by temperature and light intensity. The optimal temperature for net (apparent) photosynthesis was between 24 to 30 C; however, the photosynthesis/respiration ratio was about 11 to 27 between 4 to 24 C and dropped to lower values at 34 C, which indicates a wide temperature tolerance for this moss in short-term experiments. The maximum temperature for photosynthesis was about 41 C and the minimum was below -5 C. At 20 C light saturation was approached at 6.2 mw cm-2 (ca. 700 ft-c) but not completely reached at 12 mw cm2; the light compensation point was estimated to be 0.4 mw cm-2 (ca. 40 ft-c). At 4 C light saturation and the compensation point were at lower levels and apparently solarization occurred at 12 mw cm-2. Light intensity had little or no apparent effect on dark respiration. However, respiration increased with temperature over various ranges extending from -5 to 39 C with temperature quotients of about 2.5 to 1.2. The significance of these characteristics is discussed with respect to the ecological relationships of


Objective:In order to investigate the prevalence and development of psychological counseling,a series of sampling survey were undertaken in clinical service departments in Shanghai.Methods:The investigation randomly selected 40 clinical departments out of 100 psychological consulting medical organizations of Shanghai.Statistics was analyzed to review the overall situation.Results: Although counseling services have been developed in medical establishments,further normalization of the installation is urgently needed.Personnel in these establishments have different levels of aptitude.The young and middle aged patients suffering with neuroses and affective disorder take up great percentage of all clinical clients and have high rate of return visit.Conclusions: The popularization,normalization,acceptability and the counselors' aptitude should be further improved.It is suggested that the promotion,management and supervision of psychological counseling establishments in Shanghai need to be strengthened for the development of psychological therapy.


We report the observation of a muon-nuclear level-crossing resonance (LCR) in the antiferromagnet MnF/sub 2/. The resonance occurs when the spin transition frequency of an interstitial muon is matched to that of the nearest-neighbor /sup 19/F nuclei, allowing for a resonant transfer of polarization from the muon to the nuclei. The applied external field H/sub 0/ at which the LCR occurs is a measure of the local magnetic field on the neighboring /sup 19/F nuclei. The observed shift relative to earlier /sup 19/F NMR results is attributed to the disturbing influence of the muon. A second resonance was observed when H/sub 0/ cancels the longitudinal component of the local field at the muon.


At issue is the distinction between "pharyngeal," "epiglottal" and "glottal" places of articulation, and the phonetic description of manners of articulation produced in the pharynx. Pharyngeals are characterized by a retraction of the tongue, bringing the epiglottis in close proximity to the back of the pharynx [1,2], but it is often difficult to discern visual details of manner of articulation to correlate with auditory and acoustic measures, because a deeper view is obscured by the epiglottis. The question remains: if pharyngeal stops are possible, how are they distinct from epiglottals and glottals; and is their production similar to the mechanism for producing fricatives and approximants?


High capacity last-level caches (LLCs) are being used to help alleviate the growing speed gap between the processor and main memory. However, traditional CMOS based memory technologies (SRAM, DRAM, et al.) for such LLCs consume high static power. Non-volatile memory such as STT-MRAM has been proposed as a low power solution for LLCs. Nevertheless, the high write current induces a so-called "supply current threshold" issue and limits the maximum number of bit-cells that can be written concurrently in one cycle in an STT-MRAM cache. This drawback significantly decreases the bandwidth of the STT-MRAM cache compared with SRAM. In this work, we present a hardware implementation of NAND-like spintronic memory (NAND-SPIN) LLC for the first time. By exploiting the unique erase-then-program operation for writing NAND-SPIN, we propose an adaptive buffer entry (ABE) write policy for each cache write access. Instead of writing a fixed number of bits sequentially, our method adaptively extends the write data length under a fixed maximum cache supply current. Compared to existing STT-MRAM caches, 'ABE' can achieve 70% performance improvements on average. Compared with the conventional early write terminate (EWT) policy, 'ABE' can save 33% write energy on average with negligible hardware overhead.


Comparative study of the works Poema de Chile, by the Chilean Gabriela Mistral, published in 1967, and Los Reinos Dorados, by the Bolivian Homero Carvalho, published in 2007, in the light of the epic theory of discourse, by Silva, and reflections on the historical-geographical displacement as dual form of self-knowledge and mapping of the homeland, highlighting the role of the guide The approach, through a dialogue with some specialists, will take into account the tradition of colonizing expansionism, opposing it to nationalist expansionism, highlighting the characteristics of the two Latin American epic poems and the rescue of an epos that carries out the symbolic erasure of the conquest of the land by the warlike and acculturating force to put on stage the mythical rescue of Mother Earth and Mother Water, that results from trips motivated by the simultaneously loving and critical encounter with the Chilean homeland and the Bolivian homeland, respectively.KEYWORDS: Epic. Expansionism. Los Reinos Dorados. Poema de Chile. Guide.


This paper reflects back on the author's research in structural control, originating in the early 1970's. Upon reflection, in the early 1970's and even as far as into the 1990's, it constituted near heresy to suggest that large civil engineering structures could be candidates for control. The previous techniques of the 1930's of building structures with masonry and stone were then being phased out, being replaced with lighter and more cost-effective steel-framed structures. The newer designs then emerging in the late 1960's and early 1970's were steel-framed structures that functioned as cantilevered tubes. The characteristic designs emerging included an absence of stone or masonry especially around the steel pillars, glass or similar non-load bearing cladding. Additionally, interior walls were non-load bearing affording more spacious rooms as well as affording the occupants the ability to reposition interior walls as desired. Moreover, the newly emerging steel-framed structures with increased compliance properties were increasingly prone to wind excitations as compared to the prior generation of structures. As a consequence, a number of these newer structures exhibited increased sway and other related dynamic behaviors. My mechanical engineering servomechanisms background included groundings in observability, controllability, as well as control of spatially distributed systems. Therefore, I felt confident then that control systems theoretic methods held promise to produce favorable and cost-effective results if properly applied to problematic civil engineering structures. That confidence still remains. I also realized the critical importance of being able to design structures in advance to be controlled, as opposed to the less desirable situation of dealing with an after-the-fact retrofit of an existing problematic structure. This paper affords an opportunity for the author to provide his anecdotal recollections and afterthoughts. Because the story to be told is of personal recollections, it is presented in first person.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Irén Varsányi, as an actress of the Vígszínház, played leading and titular roles in Hungarian plays from 1902 on, including in plays by Sándor Bródy, Ferenc Molnár, Menyhért Lengyel, Dezső Szomory and Jenő Heltai. Irén Varsányi was a recipe for success because her performance, her unaffected, natural playing style always captivated the audience. In this paper, I examine how Irén Varsányi performs the femme fatale in two Dezső Szomory plays, Györgyike, Dear Child (1912) and Bella (1913).


This event will gather top national and international researchers and policy experts to discuss the environmental, economic and other effects of developing a HSR system in California going beyond predictions of ridership and financial viability of the project itself, this symposium will introduce some of the non-market benefits and costs HSR in California may produce to be able to inform more complete benefit-cost analyses, focusing on a 2050 scenario of the full-fledge development of this megaproject in 2050.


Using rich data from a Chinese lender, I examine loan underwriting by developing a screening model of how loan officers behave. While loan officers can screen uncodified soft information, heterogeneity in risk preferences, screening ability, and beliefs about screening ability may distort their decisions. I recover these characteristics by developing a ML estimator that models the joint distribution of loan decisions and outcomes. I address potential endogeneity with the random assignment of borrower applications to loan officers. Using counterfactuals, I find that these characteristics distort loan decisions and are costly to the lender. Despite this, the average loan officer's decisions can outperform an econometrician's predictions by more than three times her pay.


Many organic pollutants are persistent and/or resistant to the natural degradation process. They pose adverse effects on human health and environment even at very low concentrations, therefore being of great concern. In the past decade, a lot of research work has been focused on the removal of persistent organic compounds from water system by magnetic assisted chemical separation (MACS) process using iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (mainly magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)). These particles are generally modified with various functional materials to increase their affinity or degradation capacity towards target compounds as well as to prevent particle aggregation. These materials are relatively easy to be regenerated and recycled under an external magnetic field, therefore are considered a great water purification media in practical water/wastewater treatment. In most cases, magnetic seeding is used to enhance the magnetic susceptibility of the pollutants to be removed. This paper will review the recent development and applications of these magnetic nanomaterials (NMs) for the removal of persistent organic compounds. The focus will be on the removal of dyes, pesticides and some emerging organic pollutants including antibiotics and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs).


This book deals with the problems that arise in the analysis of electoral history -- the sources for which are fragmentary, or biased, or plagued with discrepancies. The contributors discuss ways of uncovering new, previously untapped data, detecting vote fraud by using computer-readable sources, and using new statistical techniques for working with quantitative data. Outside of its specialist subject, it is a much needed overview for the historian. '...an informative introduction to the use of electoral statistics...' -- Canadian Journal of History, Vol 18 No 3, December 1983


Sickle-cell anemia (Sickle-cell anemia) is a disease characterized by the presence of abnormal red cells (sickle-shaped) that are removed from the circulation and destroyed by an inherited genetic disorder due to a mutation of the gene encoding the amino acid valine, transcribing an altered hemoglobin. The objective of the research is to verify the main means used for the laboratory diagnosis of sickle cell anemia and the carriers of these traits, as well as to perform an analysis of the literature related to the educational strategies on genetic counselingadded in the Unified Health System (SUS), especially in Attention Basic. An exploratory, descriptive research was carried out through a bibliographic review. The databases consulted were Virtual Health Library - VHL and SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library, where the existence of articles, dissertations, theses related to the subject were verified. It is observed that although there is a vast literature on Sickle Cell Anemia, there is little recent research in the databases used for this research related to the Diagnostics and educational strategies adopted in the Unified Health System (SUS), Anemia and genetic counseling.


A seat assembly for a vehicle, which is mounted on the vehicle floor, wherein the floor of the vehicle includes a storage recess which is formed under the bottom plane of the vehicle, said seat assembly comprising: a seat (10), comprising a seat base frame (12) and a seat back frame (16), a base (18, 20, 22) over which the seat (10) at the bottom (40) is fixed, a blocking system (66, 68) for blocking the base (18, 20, 22) in a seating position, wherein the locking system (66, 68) is dissolved in a first procedure, so that the seat (10) a certain distance forward and downward in the direction of the storage recess (42) can be tilted to a tilt position above the storage recess (42), characterized, that the seat back frame (16) may be relative to the seat base frame (12) in an upright position when the seat (10) is in the sitting position or in the forward-tilted position of tilting, ...


Rates of food insecurity skyrocketed during the COVID-19 pandemic, doubling overall and tripling among households with children Even before the pandemic, the rate of food insecurity in the United States was "unusually high" compared to other rich democracies, and rates have not improved substantially over the last 25 years What explains the lack of progress in addressing food insecurity? This article maps out an overview of the experiences, causes, and consequences of food insecurity in the United States We demonstrate that racism is a fundamental cause of food insecurity, both because racism contributes to racial disparities in income and wealth, and because racism is linked to food insecurity independent of poverty and socioeconomic status For example, people of color are more likely to experience racial discrimination, which is associated with food insecurity, and to live in states where stricter regulations and harsher punishments are tied to social assistance programs, including food assistance programs Because racism is a fundamental cause of food insecurity, eliminating it requires going beyond "just" eliminating poverty Instead, the fundamental cause must be tackled directly: racism itself, which is built into the structure of American society and entrenched in its institutions © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd


We report on the chemical stability of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 thin films. X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Mn L-edge and O K-edge makes evident deviations from the nominally expected (2/3-1/3) Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio after the growth of thin films on LaAlO3 substrates. As-grown thin films, exhibiting Curie temperature, TC, well below that of the LCMO bulk material, develop an unexpected Mn2+ contribution after a few days of air exposure which increases with time. Moreover, a reduction of the saturation magnetization, MS, is also detected. The similarity of the results obtained by electron yield and fluorescence yield demonstrates that the location of the Mn valence anomalies are not confined to a narrow surface region of the film but can extend throughout the film thickness in case of granular films. High temperature annealing not only improves the magnetic and transport properties of such as-grown films but also recovers the expected 2/3-1/3 Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio, which thereafter is stable to air exposure. Similar results on La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films grown on SrTiO3 and NdGaO3 substrates demonstrate that there is no direct relation between the observed Mn valence instability and the strain state of the films due to their lattice mismatch with the substrate. A mechanism for the formation of Mn2+ ions formation is discussed.


Digitalization is a global phenomenon that has an impact on changing social conditions. The Broadcasting Bill itself is canceled to be a priority in the 2020 Priority National Legislation Program even though there is a lot of material contained in the law itself needs to be updated immediately according to the times. Therefore, the function of conducting this research is to seek answers in terms of legal certainty regarding the development of legal relations with technological developments in the era of digitalization and constitutional interpretation in the digitalization era that supports sustainable economic development and is in accordance with the Indonesian national identity. This study uses a quantitative juridical analysis method, which is in the form of in-depth research on legal materials and data as usual as normative law. Furthermore, the results of the analysis will be linked to the problems in this study to produce an objective assessment to answer the problems in the research. The results of the research show that the OTT services cannot be in the scope of Law Number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting, therefore the Constitutional Court must play a strategic role in carrying out rapid and precise reforms so that statutory norms can be consistent with the development of society, especially due to developments. Digital technology. The most ideal and relevant constitutional interpretation of the Judicial Review case against this law would be: Consensualism, Prudential and Futuristic with an emphasis on legal certainty for Over the Top (OTT) services and on socio-economic impacts significant impact on the general welfare. It is necessary to revise the Broadcasting Law with the intention of maintaining national integration to establish a national broadcasting system that guarantees the creation of a just, equitable, and balanced national information order in order to realize social justice for all Indonesian people.


Abstract From the analysis of the mural paintings at Cacaxtla, it was determined that the painters shared a system of measurement with the builders of this site and those of the Puuc area. In the Maya area, the basic unit was divided into subunits that measured its ninth and sixteenth parts but the division system found in Cacaxtla corroborates this information and shows that it derived from working in situ with a string that is folded in half or in thirds in a repetitive manner. Study of the composition of the paintings shows the use of a grid, a resource widely used in Mesoamerica. Furthermore, the use of units of measurement found in Teotihuacan and Nahua culture in combination with the zapal system open the discussion about measurement as a resource for creating meaning. This expression must be contextualized in the multicultural expressions found in the paintings and this period of political reconfiguration, the Epiclassic (a.d. 650–950). The systems used to measure distances, time, liquids, and weights come from concepts and knowledge developed over centuries. Progressively, these systems were incorporated into shared customary systems among specific populations, thus integrating a series of factors specific to the culture of the social group that generated them (Morley and Renfrew 2010; Renfrew and Morley 2010). Different features stand out in this collective social construction, mainly regarding what is measured (sometimes in reference to something physical and sometimes a concept), the type of reference measurements used (for example, with or without relation to the human body), the way of relating what is large with that which is small, and the way in which the measurement is applied to the object.


Infectious bursal disease (IBD) remains one of the most important contributors to economic loss in the poultry industry. The disease primarily affects the bursa of Fabricius of young chickens, resulting in reduced feed efficiency, reduced weight gain, increased mortality, and immunosuppression. Immunosuppression may increase susceptibility to other infectious disease agents. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is highly contagious and very resistant to disinfectants. Once the virus becomes established on the premises, it tends to persist for a long time. Infectious bursal disease virus, a member of the Bimaviridae, is a double-stranded RNA virus and contains 2 segments designated A and B. 3,5 Genome segment A encodes the structural proteins, VP-2, VP-3, and VP-4. Genome segment B encodes VP-l, a viral polymerase. There are at least two distinct serotypes of IBDV, serotypes 1 and 2. Only serotype 1 viruses cause disease, whereas all known serotype 2 viruses are not pathogenic to chickens. However, both serotypes are widespread in chickens. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been developed and used in differentiating IBDV serotypes by the virus neutralization (VN) test. Most IBD field samples cannot be directly used in the VN test. The viruses for the VN test are usually obtained by inoculating field samples into chicken embryos or are adapted to grow in primary cell cultures or mammalian cell lines. The essential element of the VN test requires that the amounts of IBDV or its replication products should be high enough for antigen-antibody reaction and serotype differentiation. Furthermore, the VN test is time consuming and inconvenient. Early diagnosis of IBD is necessary for the control of the disease, and rapid detection of IBDV and differentiation of IBDV serotypes is warranted. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to the detection of IBDV and resulted in a very specific and sensitive assay. Although both IBDV serotypes were recognized by the PCR technique in that study, the PCR does offer several advantages. First, there is no need to grow or isolate virus from clinical specimens before PCR amplification, which significantly reduces the time and labor. Second, the PCR results in exponential amplification of a specific IBDV cDNA sequence flanked by a pair of primers selected from a known cDNA sequence of IBDV genome. By carefully analyzing the published genomic


Rio Santa Bárbara, a small tributary of the Rio Sapucaí-Mirim, has undergone severe human intervention over the past 80 years. We surveyed the ichthyofauna of this river, some surrounding lakes, and the Rio Potreiro, a tributary. Four campaigns were carried out, 2 in the dry season and 2 in the rainy season. We found 920 specimens at 12 sites and included 32 species belonging to 6 orders and 16 families. The order Characiformes was found to be best represented in our study, followed by the orders Cichliformes and Siluriformes. The family Characidae was the most numerous, followed by the families Cichlidae and Poeciliidae. A specimen of Brycon nattereri was collected from the Rio Santa Bárbara; this species is Critically Endangered in the state of São Paulo.


A smart economy minimizes the production of waste from mining activities and reuses waste as a potential resource, with the goal of moving towards a near-zero waste society. This paper presents integrated multidisciplinary methodology in order to optimise the management of mining waste. The test site is the FeeMn mine in Odisha (India). The mining waste present in the mine has been collected and afterwards X-Ray Powder Diffraction, X-Ray Fluorescence and spectral signatures analysis have been performed for mineralogical, chemical and spectral characterization of the materials. Finally, the classification and mapping of the characterized mining waste was carried out by Sentinel-2A image.


Similar to the "housekeeping" functions ascribed to MTs in other tissues, central nervous system (CNS) metallothioneins (MTs) are implicated in metal metabolism, cellular repair processes, growth and differentiation, where they are likely to serve as the source of zinc for newly synthesized apoenzymes, as well as regulator molecules in gene expression. Additional likely functions of MTs include control of intracellular redox potential, and metal detoxification. This manuscript will focus on (1) the distribution of MT isoforms within the CNS, with particular emphasis on the cell-specific localization of MTs and its significance, (2) emerging accounts on the function of MT as an antioxidant, and (3) the relationship between MT and ethanol (EtOH)-induced neurotoxicity in a model system of neonatal rat primary astrocyte cultures.


The invention provides a road map data structure, a road map data storage medium and a navigation device, wherein road network data Rn representing the road by using the connecting relation of a plurality of roads endows a link ID for each road L of the road network data Rn. The link ID has a given order number range corresponding to the road length and the road attribute of each road, and each road ML connected into a line of plural roads according to the connecting sequence in the road ML. Hence, the number range of the road ID is properly set, and when updating in future, the continuity is maintained in the unchanged state and the cutting times is ensured, thereby reducing the data quantity of each road ID.


FORSTER Hull University Press, 1989. Pp. xv + 251. £7.95 paperback. The author tells us that, while on secondment to the University of Malawi between 1978-81, he became aware of potential areas of common interest between anthropologists and missionaries, not least because of the latter's keen interest in African languages and cultures. This led him to the work of Thomas Cullen Young, and hence his decision 'to examine the thinking of one particular writer and to place his ideas in their historical and social context' (p. vii). T. Cullen Young: missionary and anthropologist opens with an account of' The Man and his Times', in which Peter Forster first sets Young in the Protestant African tradition of the late nineteenth century which, we are told, was an era of uneasy relationships between missionaries and anthropologists. Nevertheless, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland and the Free Church missionaries in Blantyre and Livingstonia had a long history of recording details of customs and beliefs. Young had no formal training in anthropology, but was clearly 'open' to African values, and his studies of the Tumbuka were to provide the only published record of the ethnography and history of northern Malawi for many years. The first chapter is informative though somewhat sketchy, and at no point do we touch the spirit of the man, something that might be expected from engaging in the experience of verstehen, or the 'interpretative understanding of social action' (p. viii). One regrets the lack of in-depth interviews with other missionaries, with members of Young's family, and with some Africans who had known him, as well as more extensive consultation of letters and diaries. Moreover, we get practically no glimpse of Young, the missionary. The rather brief, matter-of-fact account gives few details about his religious beliefs, views on conversion, syncretism, and church development, or the impact of his personal, class, and national background. There is some consideration of Young's attitudes towards adaptation when dealing with his educational concerns, and a brief reference is made to how his theology affected his view of history. But we get no real sense of how he operated at the mission stations. The author carefully examines Young's publications and various other writings, and argues convincingly that as an anthropologist he was an amateur. His practical linguistic studies had brought him closer to the interests of Bronislaw Malinowski than to those of scholars like A. R. Radcliffe-Brown. Forster says that it is difficult to judge the extent to which Young achieved an 'inside view', but it is not clear what are the precise implications of the fact


1 The properties of ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores in CA1 pyramidal cells were investigated in rat hippocampal slices by using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings combined with fura‐2‐based fluorometric digital imaging of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). 2 Brief pressure applications of caffeine onto the somata of pyramidal cells caused large transient increases in [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ transients) of 50–600 nm above baseline. 3 The Ca2+ transients evoked by caffeine at −60 mV were not associated with an inward current, persisted after blocking voltage‐activated Ca2+ currents and were completely blocked by bath‐applied ryanodine. Similar transients were also evoked at +60 mV. Thus, these transients reflect Ca2+ release from intracellular ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores. 4 The Ca2+ transients evoked by closely spaced caffeine pulses rapidly decreased in amplitude, indicating progressive depletion of the Ca2+ stores. The amplitude of the Ca2+ transients recovered spontaneously with an exponential time constant of 59 s. Recovery was accelerated by depolarization‐induced elevations in [Ca2+]i and blocked by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and thapsigargin, indicating that store refilling is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPases. 5 Even without prior store depletion the caffeine‐induced Ca2+ transients disappeared after 6 min exposure to CPA, suggesting that ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores are maintained at rest by continuous Ca2+ sequestration. 6 Caffeine‐depleted Ca2+ stores did not refill in Ca2+‐free saline, suggesting that the refilling of the stores depends upon Ca2+ influx through a 'capacitative‐like' transmembrane influx pathway operating at resting membrane potential. The refilling of the stores was also blocked by Ni2+ and gallopamil (D600). 7 Elevations of basal [Ca2+]i produced by bath‐applied KCl markedly potentiated (up to 6‐fold) the caffeine‐induced Ca2+ transients. The degree of potentiation was positively related to the increase in basal [Ca2+]i. The Ca2+ transients remained potentiated up to 9 min after reversing the KCl‐induced [Ca2+]i increase. Thus, the ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores can 'overcharge' when challenged with an increase in [Ca2+]i and slowly discharge excess Ca2+ after basal [Ca2+]i returns to its resting level. 8 Pressure applications of caffeine onto pyramidal cell dendrites evoked local Ca2+ transients similar to those separately evoked in the respective somata. Thus, dendritic ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores are also loaded at rest and can function as independent compartments. 9 In conclusion, the ryanodine‐sensitive Ca2+ stores in hippocampal pyramidal neurones contain a releasable pool of Ca2+ that is maintained by a Ca2+ entry pathway active at subthreshold membrane potentials. Ca2+ entry through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels transiently overcharges the stores. Thus, by acting as powerful buffers at rest and as regulated sources during activity, Ca2+ stores may control the waveform of physiological Ca2+ signals in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurones.


In the article the relatively low-present level of urbanization in Chongqing was promulgated and combined with the urbanization level and the current situation of region economy development,the advance on the further development of the urbanization level and its construction in Chongqing were proposed to impel the unceasing economic development.And the construction of "An Hour Economical Circle" around Chongqing was a new type metropolis circle conception.In order to push forward the city/township-building the basic construction of supporting facilities should be done well,and especially the idea of "Management Type of City " and "City-flourishing through the Business Activity" should be built up and practiced.


The innovative method and materials is influent for showed up the original designs. In the study it is aimed to give up the original design by 3D printers the innovative method in the fashion designs. It is based on experimental works principal as research method. The empirical studies lead on the designed collection being a few pieces as suitable fashion methodology. In the same time this study, it is explained that apply to the methods of using methods on the clothing, mentioned the current problems and positive results. As a result, it is aimed to transmit to interesting persons information and experiences with applications the innovative methods in the works in addition to opportunities the possible in the original clothing design of 3D printers.


Understanding the DNA of feelings and emotions are becoming increasingly important mechanisms for facilitating learning in intelligent systems. Here we present constructs for modeling human emotions within a foundation of artificial cognitive architectures[1] We model artificial neural emotions through the use of a weighted spatial-temporal emotional memory system, based upon knowledge relativity threads [2&3] human Autonomic Nervous System States. We artificially evolve the granularity of "emotional triggers" to determine importance thresholds which are context specific and relative to sensory inputs and environmental conditions to advance the capability of emotional learning and processing. We believe this has the potential to enhance artificial neural processing environments by allowing emotional memories and emotional learning to facilitate coalitions and cooperation between artificial neural intelligent software agents. We believe shared emotional states between intelligent software agents will more easily allow information sharing between agents, based on the "emotional reaction" to the systems sensory inputs, much in the way humans do.


Based on the transient planar pitching method, the dynamic derivative calculation function is implemented on an unstructured computational fluid (CFD) software NNW-FlowStar. Then the pitch-damping dynamic derivatives of the standard model of the ANF missile at zero angles of attack and different Mach numbers (0.5∼4.5) are calculated. The influence of various numerical and physical parameters on the calculation results of dynamic derivatives is studied in detail. It is found that the dynamic derivatives of pitch damping are independent of the values of amplitude (0.125° ≤ A ≤ 1°) and reduction frequency (0.025 ≤ k ≤ 0.2). When the number of calculation steps of the sine oscillation period is 200 and the number of inner iterations is 40, the prediction accuracy and computing efficiency can meet the engineering requirements simultaneously in this case. The influence of different grid resolutions on the dynamic derivative calculation results is studied. Results show that the grid requirements of dynamic derivative calculation are consistent with those of steady-state calculations. Finally, the calculation results are compared with the free flight test results, which verifies the reliability of the methods and parameters suggested in this paper.


The purpose of this study is to estimate the airborne sound insulation performance of partition walls with cross laminated timber panels (=CLT panels). Sound insulation experiments concerning CLT panel walls with and without narrow slits between CLT panels were carried out in the laboratory. From the results, practical prediction method for sound insulation of these CLT panel walls was proposed. Further, to improve their sound insulation performance, double walls with additional gypsum board wall or CLT panel wall on sound receiving side of the CLT wall were also tested and evaluated.