AlGaN/GaN nanowire omega-FinFETs have been fabricated and characterized. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) lateral wet etching and atomic layer deposited (ALD) HfO2 sidewall spacer result in very sharp vertical edges and fin widths from 200 nm down to 30 nm. Omega-gate structure exhibits excellent gate controllability and separates the channel from the underlying thick GaN buffer layer, which leads to excellent device performances: maximum drain current of 480 mA/mm, maximum transconductance of 370 mS/mm, extremely low leakage current of ~ 10-11 mA, subthreshold swing of 57 ~ 63 mV/decade, close to the theoretical limit, very high Ion/Ioff ratio of ~ 1010, and breakdown voltage of ~ 220 V. An increase in Ron was observed due to current collapse at the drain lag condition, but the saturation current was fully recovered at higher drain voltage. This is because the current spreads from the narrow fin to the wide access region and the gate overlapped configuration prevents the trapping at the surface and in the buffer layer, which leads to the reduced access resistance in between the gate-to-source and gate-to-drain compared with the planar AlGaN/GaN MISHFET.


To adapt to the continuous improvement of rural power consumption level in the new rural construction,in particular,with the continuous development of the rural economy,the actual operation of the rural power network has emerged as the high loss of electrical power which leads to a greater cost of the electricity,lower power supply reliability,the supply voltage and frequency do not satisfiy with requirements,etc.Through analysis of a typical rural power network,from the overall planning of the transmission to distribution equipments(such as lines,transformers and reactive-load compensation devices),the author proposes some specific measures such as reducing power loss and improving the voltage quality and reliability methods.Through calculation for lines power loss rate and percent of voltage pass,the results show that the methods proposed by the author are effective.The directions to the development trend of the rural power network is given.


The article is devoted to the study of the repertoire of communicative tactics which realize the strategy of incentive in the polemic discourse of the printed Mass Media. During the analysis of problem articles written in English the repertoire of language means which are characteristic of the representation of such tactics as the tactics of creation of the effect of reliability, the tactics of creation of the effect of significance of the event, the tactics of appraisal, the tactics of repetition, the tactics of interrogation is singled out. It has been found out that each tactics is realized by means of the definite repertoire of language means and is effective in influencing the addressee. The result of the influence is proved by the active participation of the reader in the discussion of this or that problem.


A flow-separating calibrator was developed,which is mainly composed of three systems: XHV,UHV and flow separation.The ultimate pressure,10-10 Pa,was thus obtained in the XHV calibration chamber by combining the magnetically levitated turbomolecular pump with non-evaporable getter(NEG) pump.With the flow-separating calibration used for vacuum gauge,its lower limiting value can be extended to 10-10 Pa.Because NEG pump has no pumping speed for inert gas,the uncertainty at lower calibration limit is reduced when taking inert gas to test.The calibrator developed has a calibration range from 10-4 to 10-10 Pa with a combined standard uncertainty from 1.5% to 3.5%.


Nowadays,web has become the main ways to gain information.However,"information overload" and "information lack" has become a big problem to be studied.To provide the personalized service for the people appears especially essential.A recommendation model of collaborative filtering based on user is proposed.The results of experiment show that the model improve the two problems that traditional collaborative filtering faced efficiently.Simultaneously the quality of information recommendation also has the distinct enha-ncement compares to the traditional recommendation.


Modernization of medical education in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the light of the Bologna process envisages the need for staff training of the new formation. In this regard, the ongoing reform of medical education in Kazakhstan focuses on the quality of professional graduates training of medical schools. In 2006, a new national state standard of medical education of the Republic of Kazakhstan was worked out, where the final goals of specialist training in the public health service at diverse education stages are clearly marked. The peculiarities of SES‐2006 are: the transition to 3‐level education, a focus on competence‐orient education, availability of components for the selection and the emergence of new disciplines, including such disciplines as "Evidence‐based medicine", "Communication skills", "Biostatistics" "Epidemiology". The Knowledge of the issues of evidence ‐ based medicine at the present is necessary for each clinician. Medical students in training must learn to think and work in accordance with the principles of EBM.


In this paper, toward the establishment of repair or strengthening method of steel structures by externally bonded patch plates, the static tensile tests and fatigue tests of adhesively bonded joints are carried out and the fatigue durability is evaluated. Two types of epoxy resin, Konishi E250 and Konishi E258R and two types of patch plates, steel and CFRP laminates are considered varying the thickness of patch plates and the applied stress ranges. The result shows that the fatigue life of adhesively bonded joints can be evaluated in the function of principal stress ratio, the ratio of principal stress range against principal stress at debonding by tensile test, independently to either the thickness/type of patch plates or type of adhesives under these two types of epoxy resin used in this study. Also, the fatigue limit is confirmed to be approximately at 30% of principal stress at debonding by tensile test.


Background Little is known about interval cancers (ICs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Objective The purpose of this study was to identify IC characteristics and compare these with screen-detected cancers (SCs) and cancers in non-participants (NPCs) over the same time period. Design This was an observational study done in the first round of the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. All individuals (772,790), aged 50–74 years, invited to participate between 1 January 2007 and 31 May 2009 were studied by linking their screening records with confirmed CRC records in the Scottish Cancer Registry (SCR). Characteristics of SC, IC and NPC were determined. Results There were 555 SCs, 502 ICs and 922 NPCs. SCs were at an earlier stage than ICs and NPCs (33.9% Dukes' A as against 18.7% in IC and 11.3% in NPC), screening preferentially detected cancers in males (64.7% as against 52.8% in IC and 59.7% in NPC): this was independent of a different cancer site distribution in males and females. SC in the colon were less advanced than IC, but not in the rectum. Conclusion ICs account for 47.5% of the CRCs in the screened population, indicating approximately 50% screening test sensitivity: guaiac faecal occult blood testing (gFOBT) sensitivity is less for women than for men and gFOBT screening may not be effective for rectal cancer.


The Effect of Distinct Geometric Semantic Crossover Operators in Regression Problems.- Learning Text Patterns Using Separate-and-Conquer Genetic Programming.- Improving Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming with Safe Tree Initialisation.- Grant Dick On the Generalization Ability of Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming.- Automatic Derivation of Search Objectives for Test-Based Genetic Programming.- Evolutionary Design of Transistor Level Digital Circuits Using Discrete Simulation.- M3GP - Multiclass Classification with GP.- Evolving Ensembles of Dispatching Rules Using Genetic Programming for Job Shop Scheduling.- Attributed Grammatical Evolution Using Shared Memory Spaces and Dynamically Typed Semantic Function Specification.- Indirectly Encoded Fitness Predictors Coevolved with Cartesian Programs.- Tapped Delay Lines for GP Streaming Data Classification with Label Budgets.- Cartesian GP in Optimization of Combinational Circuits with Hundreds of Inputs and Thousands of Gates.- Genetic Programming for Feature Selection and Question-Answer Ranking in IBM Watson.- Automatic Evolution of Parallel Recursive Programs.- Proposal and Preliminary Investigation of a Fitness Function for Partial Differential Models.- Evolutionary Methods for the Construction of Cryptographic Boolean Functions.- TEMPLAR - A Framework for Template-Method Hyper-Heuristics.- Circuit Approximation Using Single- and Multi-objective Cartesian GP.


Holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals (H‐PDLC) films show excellent promise in the development of switchable transmissive and reflective diffractive optical elements. The use of holographic photopolymerization allows for the development of spatially periodic gratings of nano‐scale sized LC domains. Reflection gratings exhibiting blue, green or red colors can be routinely fabricated and electrical switching has been demonstrated. Reflective H‐PDLCs have been investigated in terms of their electro‐optical performance parameters and their potential as a viable display system. These films exhibit low switching fields, high contrast ratios, high transmission in the on and off states and fast switching speeds on the order of microseconds. The state of the art performance levels and existing challenges in this new technology are broadly discussed.


The place of culture in teaching English as an international language (EIL) is a complex issue, given the diversity of contexts in which English is currently being used globally. Building on a sociocultural perspective that language use is open to negotiation and is context-dependent, this paper argues that the design and content of English-language teaching (ELT) textbooks should reflect the multiple perspectives inherent in EIL. Findings from an analysis of the cultural content of seven series of internationally distributed ELT textbooks are reported. Our study showed that even though cultural aspects were proportionally diverse in each textbook series, inner circle cultural content still dominates most of the textbooks. Furthermore, cultural presentation still largely remains at the traditional knowledge-oriented level and does not engage learners in deep levels of reflection. The findings are discussed in light of existing studies, and some recommendations for future textbook writers and classroom practice are suggested.


Abstract : The members of the 2007 Industrial College of the Armed Forces (ICAF) Environment Industry Study (EIS) evaluated a wide range of local, regional, and global environmental issues. It was clear the growths in the world population and global industrial activities have elevated the impact of environmental issues from localized issues to increasingly global concerns with potentially strategic implications. In contrast to the early environmental efforts in the 1960s and 1970s, in this increasingly complex, interdependent global economy, the environment industry is totally interdependent with all other sectors of the economy, especially energy, transportation, agriculture, and communications. This paper evaluates the status of the United States (US) and global environment industry; discusses implications regarding environmental national security, and provides recommendations to address the major challenges of the coming decades, including the impact of greenhouse gases (GHG) and climate change. The US Government (USG) plays a critical role in developing strategies to address these environmental challenges and to connect our national efforts with those of global and private institutions to achieve the needed synergies around the world. During the course of our study, we spoke with leading environmental leaders, both inside and outside the US. We learned first hand that clear and decisive leadership is critical at all levels and the opportunities for collective action to improve the environment are clear and compelling. More importantly, collective action is critical to success if we are going to develop truly global solutions that will be economically viable and effective for the entire world ecosystem.


The transient advection of a cylindrical vortex tube in a viscous incompressible flow field and its interaction with a rotating/spinning spherical particle has been investigated numerically at Reynolds numbers in the range of 20≤ Re≤200 for angular velocities of 0≤Ω≤0.5. The effects of vortex parameters such as size, circulation strength and initial position relative to the particle, on the temporal behavior of the lift and drag forces are studied. Vortex‐sphere interactions bring about major changes in the flow field particularly when coupled with particle rotation. It is observed that the forces acting on the particle are significantly influenced during the time that the vortex core is in the vicinity of the particle. The extent of these local changes are about ±30% in the drag coefficient and about ±200% in the lift coefficient as compared to flow over a rotating solid sphere with no vortex interaction. It is also found that a vortex with core radius between one and two particle diameters creates the strongest temporal variations in the lift and drag coefficients. Furthermore, maximum lift variations occur for the vortex‐particle head on collision, while a vortex with an offset distance of about one diameter from the principal flow axis generates the maximum drag variations.


Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scales -SEEC The Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scales -SEEC was developed in 1998 by Sara S. Sparrow, David A. Balla and Domenic V. Cicchetti. Vineland SEEC aims to evaluate the social-emotional development of children from birth to 5 years and 11 months. The aim of this study is to adapt the Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scale to the Turkish culture in the 0-4 age group. The research was carried out with the data obtained from the parents who were between 0-4 years of age in 2017-2018. The study group of the study population of 102 (0.0-0.11 months), 126 (1.0-1.11) months 172 (2.0-2.11), 129 (3.0-3.11), 155 (4.0 4.11) age group, totally 684 children and those who undertake care. SPSS 22 package program and Lisrel package programs were used in the study. Data collected through Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scale and Personal Information Form were analyzed through SPSS and Lisrel package programs. Language validity, scope validity, construct validity, AFA (exploratory factor analysis) and DFA (confirmatory factor analysis) were used for validity. The internal consistency coefficients of the Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scale (Cronbach's alpha value) are .78 in the Interpersonal Relationship Sub-scale and .88 in the Play and Leisure subscale in children from birth to one year. In the Interpersonal Relationship subscale, an .77 age for children is. In the Interpersonal Relationship subscale, it was .64 in the Interpersonal Relationship subscale and .64 in the Scale of Coping, and .83 in the Scale of Coping Skills. There were 62 sub-scales in the Interpersonal Relations subscale and .64, and the Coping Skills Scale in. The four-year-olds had .70 in the Interpersonal Relations subscale, .74 in the Play and Leisure subscales, and .80 in the Coping Skills Scale. With these studies, the validity and reliability of the scale for the usage of the scale in Turkish culture has been obtained and the scale has been introduced to be used for different studies that can be done with children.


In this new age of technology, not only the software but also the computer architecture has been evoluted to support those softwares. The main motive of evolution of architecture day by day is to make the system faster. One of the major steps in this journey of evolution is the multi-core processor architecture. In a multi-core processor system, each core has its own cache module where they are sharing the same memory unit. For that reason, one block in one cache gets invalidate when the same block is updated into any other cache and this is called cache coherence problem. To overcome this, there are lot of research works are going on and the outcome rules or techniques are called cache coherence protocols.The main objective of this paper is to collect all those research works together and represent them in an easy way, so that we could understand their techniques to overcome the particular problem. Here it is presented a comprehensive study of those cache coherence protocols with their pros and cons. I. Introduction In the complex multilevel cache level architecture to bind the cache coherence protocol complexity we need to track the coherence information across all the levels but this leads implausible cost problem. To empower our future processors we need to embed more number of cores per chip multiprocessor. But during this we must face the off chip bandwidth wall, again to overcome this we can use a large on chip cache but because of plain large capacities of hardware the fast access could not be achieved. So commercially it is used three level cache architecture where two are used to maintain private data being closer to processor and the last one shared among cores. Have large number of cores might be helpful in some most of the cases but at the same time it is unachievable to rely on broadcast-based coherence protocols. II. Comprehensive Studies


This article describes the newly-installed parking technology in the borough of Wandsworth, London, UK, where drivers can arrange payment for parking by using their mobile phone. A driver starts the parking by making a phone call on the mobile and keying in a three-digit code which corresponds to the parking zone used. A similar call on leaving the parking place ends the transaction and the cost is automatically debited from the driver's bank balance. Where parking time is restricted, users can arrange to receive a text message warning that their parking time is about to expire. Registered users are issued with a transponder card to display in the windscreen: parking attendants can check this with a hand-held scanner to find whether parking has been paid. The system reduces costs of disputed fines and mending broken pay machines. Users have been generally approving of the scheme.


This article discusses the operating performance of a four-switch resonance inverting bidirectional buck-boost DC/DC converter using a novel three-dimensional control variable scheme. This novel control scheme allows DC/DC converter to operates on wide-input to wide-output voltage range but also helps to achieve zero-voltage switching ZVS operation for all four switches. Additionally, the RMS value of resonance current is significant reduced, which is directly proportional to conduction loss.In the end, a four-switch resonance inverting buck-boost DC/DC converter is designed and experimentally tested, the prototype has recorded over 99% peak efficiency. The converter operates from -48Vdc to 28Vdc ~ 60Vdc Voltage.


At present, the research on school accidents has been very deep, but some theoretical issues related to school accidents are still arguing and there is no clear conclusion. This paper intends to make a brief review of important theoretical issues in school accidents, hoping to bring some inspiration to later researchers. Keywords—school accident; legal relationship; imputation principle; compensation


ABSTRACT Mastitis is one of the most impacting diseases in dairy farming. Conventional treatment of mastitis using antibiotics is costly and has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance against most of the commonly used antibacterial agents. Research has begun to focus on molecules with antimicrobial potentials structurally different from conventional antibiotics We compared the antibacterial activity in vitro of ozonized sunflower oil (OSO) with different peroxide concentrations (150, 300, and 600 PI) against E. coli in goat, cow and sheep milk. It was found that the antibacterial effect, after 72 h, was more important for the goat's milk with OSO 150 (p < 0.001) and OSO 300 (p < 0.001). However, the effect was greater for cow's milk, when OSO 600 was used (p < 0.001). In the case of sheep's milk, it was observed that the antimicrobial effect was only significant with the use of OSO 600, however, this decrease in the concentration of E. coli (p < 0.001) remained practically unchanged from 24 h to 72 h of incubation. In conclusion, ozonated sunflower oil offers many therapeutic possibilities that would reduce the use of antibiotics for the prevention or treatments of mastitis, and its antimicrobial effect is greater with cow's milk and less with sheep's milk.


The purpose of micro expression (ME) and macro expression (MaE) spotting task is to locate the onset and offset frames of MaE and ME clips. Compared with MaEs, MEs are shorter in duration and lower in intensity, which makes MEs harder to be spotted. In this paper, we propose an efficient pipeline based on optical flow features to spot MEs and MaEs. We crop and align the faces and select the eyebrows area, nose area, and mouth area as our regions of interest to exclude the interference of extraneous factors on the face expression representation. Then, we extract the optical flow in these regions and enhance the features of the expressions in the optical flow with low-pass filter and EMD method. Finally, the sliding window method is used to locate the peaks of optical flow features and get the intervals containing MEs or MaEs. We evaluate the performance of our method on the MEGC2022-TestSet including 10 long videos from SAMM and CAS(ME)3 and achieve the first place in the MEGC2022 Challenge. The results prove the effectiveness of our method.


The article presents the analysis of the USSR economic development during Great Patriotic War. Special attention is paid to the mobilization character of economy and to the peculiarities of the country governing under extraordinary conditions.


Existing data on the safety of out‐of‐hours cholecystectomy are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate whether out‐of‐hours cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis is associated with a higher risk for complications compared with surgery during office hours.


People's lives have altered in recent years as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. People have modified their habits to adapt to the world after the pandemic. The inflation rate is a crucial index that represents the stage of lifestyles high-quality of people, as well as a critical index that indicates the developments and changes of economy. Global incidents continually play an necessary position in altering the inflation rate. The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most influential incidents in people's each day lifestyles in the previous decades. This paper tries to figure out how the COVID-19 pandemic influences the inflation rate in the United States or people's expectation on the change of inflation rate.e Apart from that, this paper discusses the several indexes that represent the inflation rate as well. This paper also covers the research of the Core CPI, by using time series analysis with the help of R language and R-studio, and tries to draw conclusion from the analysis and related literature.


A survey was conducted to categorize medicinal weeds found in Chonburi Province, Thailand. Places sampled were residential areas, agricultural lands, plantations, along the seashore and some aquatic habitats were also included. In total 227 species were cataloged belonging to 174 genera in 63 families. Of these weeds, 10 families, 36 genera and 40 species were monocotyledon contrasted to 53 families, 138 genera and 187 species for dicotyledon plants. From the total of weeds catalogued 8 species were found only in the coastal area. The medicinal characteristics of each weed species were studied in collaboration with traditional herb doctors as well as from historical manuscripts. Frequency of occurrence and medicinal characteristics of the weeds are discussed. INTRODUCTION The plants for medicine have been utilized for many diseases such as antipyretics, cardiovascular effect, gastrointestinal effect, pregnant tonic and treatment for postnatal symptoms, anti-emetic and treatment for epilepsies etc. (Pantarod et al., 2001; Pichiansunthorn et al., 1999). The medicinal plants have been used for agricultural science were about extracting for inhibit or against organism, microorganism such as insects, mites, ticks, nematodes, and other invertebrates including bacteria, fungi, virus, viroid respectively (Prayoonrat, 1993-2001; Kummee et al., 2002; Panutat and Vatanyospaisain, 2002). On the other hand they could be as allelopathy with higher plants parasite and weed etc. The diversity of medicinal plants in tropical zone is high including crop plant, forest, uninhibited area, residential area, along the road, seasides, watersides, and several water sources etc. (Prayoonrat, 1993-2002). In Thailand, there are a lot of medicinal plants which used parts of plants as stem, brance, leaf, flower, fruit and root etc. to be cure many diseases in direct or indirect (Saralamp et al., 1996; Prayoonrat, 1993-2001). Some was used to be compose with urban area, especially rural area like to be use by traditional herb doctors. Many serious diseases can succeed from medicinal plant which can not cure by ordinary doctors. The various medicinal plants are common plants in Thailand and can be found almost everywhere, many plants are ignored by researchers and people, because of the people did not know those plants to be useful. Usually, the various plants in nonagricultural areas and agricultural lands are weeds, which pose a threat to the health and welfare of man. Weeds can reduce the yield and the quality value of the crops, decrease production and increase harvesting costs. In addition, weeds are a host plant of pests, hay plant of pests, hay fever, dermatitis, poisonous plants, livestock poisoning etc. (Prayoonrat, 1993-2001; Parson and Cuthbertson, 1992). However, most weeds are very fast growing, good competitus, strong, reproductive, and tolerance to environment. Various weeds are useful to man and animal as a food fertile and can protect soil erosion, including balance of nature and medicinal weeds (Wee, 1984; Anderson, 1995). Survey of weeds in Thailand was done in rice field, cotton field in the crop plant, but never survey on medicinal weeds in particular. Therefore, medicinal weeds should be surveyed in the eastern region, especially in Chonburi region. Proc. WOCMAP III, Vol. 1: Bioprospecting & Ethnopharmacology Eds. J. Bernáth, É. Németh, L.E. Craker and Z.E.Gardner Acta Hort 675, ISHS 2005 24 MATERIALS AND METHODS Twentyfour stations were established to represent the ecological subregions within Chonburi region. A survey of plants was conducted in Nong-Kho, Bang-La-Mung in Bang-La-Mung district; Ban-Bueng, Nong-Chak, Nong-Sum-Sak in Bang-Bueng district; Ta-Kam, Tung-Khang, Bang-Chang, Na-Ma-Toom, Phanut-Nikom in Phanut-Nikom district; Bang-Koa, Pan-Tong, Map-Pong in Pan-Tong district; Bang-Phra in Sri-Ra-Cha district; Na-Jom-Tien, Sut-Ta-Heep in Sut-Ta-Heep district; and Khong-Tum-Rhu, BanPuek, Bangsaen, San-Suk, Nong-Khang-Kok, Hauey-Kha-Pi, Mueng, Ang-Si-La in Mueng district. Data were collected 144 times per year in 24 index stations. Weeds collections were sedge and grass, herb board leaf weeds, shrumb and tree weeds, aquatic weeds. Some kind of weeds were grown in the laboratory. Data were recorded on collecting, preserving keying, effecting and so on. Slides, herbariums and photograghs were taken and the morphology of each plant was studied. Plants were examined for species diversity using the taxonomic keys (Simitinand and Larsen, 1970-1998; Smitinand, 2001). The specimens were kept in dried form (herbarium) and in 5% formaline solutions (Prayoonrat, 1993-2001). The common name and locally used plants as folk medicine of medicinal weeds were studied by interviewing the local people and the traditional herb doctors in that district. RESULTS A survey of medicinal weeds in Chonburi region on 24 stations in 6 districts was done in agricultural lands, nonagricultural areas, residential areas along the seashore and some aquatic habitats along the road forest and mangrove forest. After these medicinal weeds had been collected, their scientific names were identified by taxonomic keys. Additional information about local name and medicinal properties were searched from many reports and publications, a number of local people and 16 traditional herb doctors. It was found that there were many monocotyledonous weeds and dicotyledonous weeds. Some could also be found in the other regions of Thailand and some of them were exotic species. Two hundred and twenty seven species were catalogued belonging to 174 genera in 63 families of these weeds. 10 families, 36 genera and 40 species were monocotyledon (Table 1) contrasted with 53 families, 138 genera and 187 species for dicotyledon weeds (Table 2). The total of weeds that formed numerous in 58 species (Table 4), moderate in 87 species (Table 5) and little in 49 species, especially 8 species were found only in the coastal area (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION A survey was conducted to categorize medicinal weeds found in Chonburi region, Thailand. There were a lot of medicinal weeds: 227 species, 174 genera and 63 families. 10 families, 36 genera and 40 species were monocotyledonous weeds, which contrasted to 53 families, 138 genera and 187 species of dicotyledonous weeds. The total of these weeds catalogued 58 species numerous medicinal weeds, 87 species moderate medicinal weeds and 49 species little number medicinal weeds. Furthermore, there are 8 species which were found only in the coastal area. The medicinal characteristics of each weed species were studied in collaboration with 16 traditional herb doctors as well as from historical manuscripts. Frequency of occurrence and medicinal characteristics of the weeds were discussed. Many medicinal weeds were found in Chonburi region, because it has a diversity of places such as seaside, forest, mangrove forest, agricultural areas, nonagricultural lands, uninhibited lands, mountain hill, seashore, reservoir, and other places. The differentiation of atmosphere of this region has effect on species of weed and various medicinal weeds (Prayoonrat, 1993-2001; Anderson, 1995). Accept that soil texture was composed by sandy, sandy clay, clay, silt clay etc. So diversity of medicinal weed occurred a numerous weeds. Various medicinal weeds were used for food and composed in daily food


After diagnosis, people with inflammatory arthritis (IA), i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and axial spondyloarthritis, often experience reduced work ability and increased sick leave. As a result, they have an increased risk of job loss and permanent exclusion from the labour market. Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is complex. VR includes a variety of components that aim to increase work ability and prevent sick leave and job loss. Effects of VR for people with IA are sparse [1]. To develop relevant VR in Denmark for people with IA, a good understanding of the employer perspective is important, as their involvement is crucial to effective VR.To explore how employers support their employees with IA to maintain their jobs and prevent sickness absenteeism and job loss.A qualitative, explorative design was applied, based on a phenomenological and hermeneutic approach. We invited employer representatives (n=13) from workplaces where people with IA were employed (public and private companies with 11- 380 employees). An interview guide was developed based on qualitative research and the theory of occupational justice [2]. Individual semi-structured interviews were performed from November 2020 to February 2021. Data were analysed using Kirsti Malterud's systematic text condensation.Three themes were derived from the analysis:1)Participation in work. All employer representatives were aware of and wanted to help solve their employees' challenges at work, but it was complicated and time consuming for them. They supported their employees through adaptation and prioritising of work tasks, arranged flexible working hours and were aware of the employee's need to balance work and family in everyday life. The employer representatives considered that the employees needed to be motivated, if job loss was to be prevented.2)Relationship between employer and employee.In general, the employer representatives found it important for the employee to have trust in the employer and ask for help, in order to receive support. To prevent job loss, the relationship was essential. Furthermore, they made a big effort in supporting the employee. They stretched to meet the needs of their employees and they found that empathy was an important quality.3)Multidisciplinary collaboration.The employer representatives involved the municipal job centres regarding legislative offers when necessary, and they requested the employee for collaboration with the healthcare professionals involved in treating the employees' IA. Furthermore, they asked for guidance from relevant trade unions, to find out about legislation in relation to sick leave.Overall, the employer representatives wanted to support their employees with IA and to be involved in VR, even though preventing sick leave and job loss was experienced as complicated, time consuming and costly for the companies.[1]Madsen CMT, Bisgaard SK, Primdahl J, Christensen JR, von Bülow C. A Systematic Review of Job Loss Prevention Interventions for Persons with Inflammatory Arthritis. J Occup Rehabil. 2021;31(4):866-85.[2]Nilsson I, Townsend E. Occupational Justice-Bridging theory and practice. Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. 2010;17(1):57-63.NIL.None Declared.


A general method for evaluating the friction constants of the non-isothermal Fokker-Planck equation is derived in the weak anharmonic-coupling limit for a solid, subject to an assumption that suitable angle-action variables can be found. One contribution is reduced to the solution of an integral equation of the Peierls-Boltzmann type and can be used to calculate the phonon scattering contribution qp * to the heat of transport of a heavy impurity. The structure of the results for a one-dimensional nearest-neighbour chain, for which suitable angle-action variables can be found, is compared with that for a different theory of qp * based on the special assuption that crystal momentum can be equated to particle momentum, and is found to be different. It is concluded that this special assumption can be dispensed with if suitable angle-action variables can be found, but to accomplish this for a stable three-dimensional crystal appears very difficult. The results for the one-dimensional model, where such variable...


The paper describes the process of personality formation under certain social conditions, in certain social groups, as well as acquiring life experience, values, norms, and rules of conduct. The social environment of the person is considered. The main stages as well as kinds of personality socialisation are presented. The author offers her own definitions of the social environment of the personality, as well as of the socialisation of the minor. In the author's opinion, the social environment of the personality should be understood as not only the microand macroenvironment but also the economic, political, spiritual, moral situation as well as historically conditioned traditions existing in a certain territory and over a certain time span. The said factors exert their dominating influence on the formation, namely socialisation of the personality of an individual, only being taken together. The socialisation of the minor, in turn, can be understood in the objective as well subjective aspect. The author understands the socialisation of the minor in the objective sense as stages of formation of the personality of an individual, his/her interaction with the microand macroenvironment in a certain territory and over a certain time span; the socialisation of the minor in the subjective sense means the perception of the surrounding reality by the personality and his/her attitude towards this reality and the system of factors that influence his/her formation.


The energy management system (EMS) is an indispensable advanced information system for smart grids. EMS makes the power system efficient and safe operation, but also makes the power system more dependent on it. This paper analyzes the related research of CPS modeling and CPS assessment for power systems. Besides, with the development of smart grid and Energy Internet, integrated energy management system (IEMS), distributed EMS and cloud EMS are developed. Meanwhile, the research on information masking algorithm for data protection of cloud EMS is analyzed. Finally, a future outlook for cyber-physical power system in CPS modeling, assessment and information protection is given.


In order to minimize electric grid power consumption, energy harvesting from ambient RF sources is considered as a promising technique for wireless charging of low-power devices. To illustrate the design considerations of RF-based ambient energy harvesting networks, this article first points out the primary challenges of implementing and operating such networks, including non-deterministic energy arrival patterns, energy harvesting mode selection, energy-aware cooperation among base stations, and so on. A brief overview of recent advances and a summary of their shortcomings are then provided to highlight existing research gaps and possible future research directions. To this end, we investigate the feasibility of implementing RF-based ambient energy harvesting in ultra-dense small cell networks and examine the related trade-offs in terms of the energy efficiency and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio outage probability of a typical user in the downlink. Numerical results demonstrate the significance of deploying a mixture of on-grid small base stations (powered by electric grid) and off-grid small base stations (powered by energy harvesting), and optimizing their corresponding proportions as a function of the intensity of active small base stations in the network.


is infinite. In the cited paper, this result was used to show that if Ci : y2 = x+ai, where ai ∈ Z\{0} are pairwise distinct, then there exists a polynomial D ∈ Z[t] such that the Q(t)-rank of the Jacobian variety Jac(Ci,D) is positive, where Ci,D : y2 = x+aiD(t) for i = 1, 2, 3, 4. Similar results were proved in [8, 9] and [3], where instead of f(x, y), we considered g(x, y) = (y2 − x3)/x and g(x, y) = (y2 − x5)/x respectively. In the light of these results, it is natural to ask what can be said about a general system of the form


A classification of the galaxy cluster's dynamical state is crucial when dealing with large samples. The identification of the most relaxed and most disturbed objects is necessary for both cosmological analysis, focused on spherical and virialised systems, and astrophysical studies, centred around all those micro-physical processes that take place in disturbed clusters (such as particle accel- eration or turbulence). Among the most powerful tools for the identification of the dynamical state of clusters is the analysis of their intracluster medium (ICM) distribution. In this work, we performed an analysis of the X-ray morphology of the 118 (Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation) CHEX-MATE clusters, with the aim of providing a classification of their dynamical state. To investigate the link between the X-ray appearance and the dy- namical state, we considered four morphological parameters: the surface brightness concentration, the centroid shift, and the second-and third-order power ratios. These indicators result to be strongly correlated with each other, powerful in identifying the disturbed and relaxed population, characterised by a unimodal distribution, and not strongly influenced by systematic uncertainties. In order to obtain a continuous classification of the CHEX-MATE objects, we combined these four parameters in a single quantity, M , which represents the grade of relaxation of a system. On the basis of the M value, we identified the most extreme systems of the sample, finding 15 very relaxed and 27 very disturbed galaxy clusters. From a comparison with previous analysis on X-ray selected samples, we confirmed that the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) clusters tend to be more disturbed. Finally, by applying our analysis to a simulated sample, we found a general agreement between the observed and simulated results, with the only exception being the concentration. This latter behaviour is partially related to the presence of particles with a high smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics density in the central regions of the simulated clusters due to the action of the idealised isotropic thermal active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback.


Two statements of objectives of licensing systems have been examined and found in the main to list broad objectives of l'880Un:e use only; they fail to identify the features of any licensing systemin particular or to justify it or, even more seriously, to validate licensing as an administrative procedure. A review of ideas with respect to the ownership of natural wealth and of concepts of the appropriate forms of management and administration of the use of such wealth serves as a base from which to argue that in each country the fishery operations should be managed by a system closely aligned to units in which the operational decisions are made in conformity with the economic organization of the country; administration of the industry then should relate to the managerial system, not to the operational system


An electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to check the electrical activity of the heart over a limited short-term or long-term period. Short-term observations are often used in hospitals or clinics, whereas long-term observations (often called continuous or stream-like ECG observations) are used to monitor the heart's electrical activity on a daily basis and during different daily activities, such as sleeping, running, eating, etc. ECG can reflect the normal sinus rhythm as well as different heart problems, which might vary from Premature Atrial Contractions (PAC) and Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVC), to Sinus Arrest and many other problems. In order to perform such monitoring on a daily basis, it is very important to implement automated solutions that perform most of the work of the daily ECG analysis and could alert the doctors in case of any problem, and could even detect the type of the problem in order for the doctors to have an immediate report about the patient's health status. This paper aims to provide a workflow for abnormal ECG signals detection from different sources of digitized ECG signals, including ambulatory devices. We propose an algorithm for ECG pre-annotation and beat-to-beat separation for heartbeat classification using Autoencoders. The algorithm includes the training of different models for different types of abnormal ECG signals, and has shown promising results for normal sinus rhythm and PVC compared to other solutions. This solution is proposed for no-noise and noisy signals as well.


The intensity of precipitation is expected to increase in response to climate change, but the regions where this may occur are unclear. The lack of certainty from climate models warrants an examination of trends in observational records. However, the temporal resolution of records may affect the success of trend detection. Daily observations are often used, but may be too coarse to detect changes. Sub-daily records may improve detection, but their value is not yet quantified. Using daily and hourly records from 24 rain gages in Portland, Oregon (OR), trends in precipitation intensity and volume are examined for the period of 1999–2015. Daily intensity is measured using the Simple Daily Intensity Index, and this method is adapted to measure hourly scale intensity. Kendall's tau, a non-parametric correlation coefficient, is used for monotonic trend detection. Field significance and tests for spatial autocorrelation using Moran's Index are used to determine the significance of group hypothesis tests. Results indicate that the hourly data is superior in trend detection when compared with daily data; more trends are detected with hourly scale data at both the 5% and 10% significance levels. Hourly records showed a significant increase in 6 of 12 months, while daily records showed a significant increase in 4 of 12 months at the 10% significance level. At both scales increasing trends were concentrated in spring and summer months, while no winter trends were detected. Volume was shown to be increasing in most months experiencing increased intensity, and is a probable driver of the intensity trends observed.


Abstract : The use of fractionated spacecraft systems in on-orbit spacecraft assembly has the potential to provide benefits to both the defense and civil space community. To this end, much research must be conducted to develop and prove the requisite technologies to achieve these benefits. This thesis contributes to that effort by presenting the design and system integration, operating procedures and software development for a prototype three Degrees-Of-Freedom (DOF) Spacecraft Simulator. This simulator will be used in the Proximity Operations Simulator Facility, as part of the Naval Postgraduate School's Spacecraft Robotics Laboratory, to simulate autonomous guidance, navigation and control (GNC) for spacecraft proximity operations and assembly within the framework of the Autonomous Multi-Agent Physically Interacting Spacecraft project. The new spacecraft simulator includes several key enhancements over the previous Autonomous Docking and Spacecraft Servicing Simulator (AUDASS) developed in 2005 including a smaller and more agile structure, reduced air consumption and a Miniature Single-Gimbaled Control-Moment-Gyroscope (MSGCMG) to provide the necessary torque about the rotation axis. The MSGCMG in the simulator is a low-cost, low-mass easily controlled momentum exchange device with a high torque to required power ratio. Furthermore, it provides the vehicle with high slew-rate capability, a key measure of performance in on-orbit spacecraft assembly. Simulation and experimental results are presented for the prototype AMPHIS vehicle, demonstrating a potential slew-rate of 4.8 deg/s for a 30 degree rest-to-rest maneuver. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to provide the design specifications combined with the necessary documentation and software development, for the prototype vehicle of the testbed for the AMPHIS project.


Resumen: This article shows the potential of MUDs in Language Learning Acquisition. At the same time, it intends to serve as an introduction to these nonprofit virtual environments so that those who have never been in a MUD could be able to discover and explore these virtual text worlds in the future. It starts with a brief definition and history of these computer environments, together with some comments and ideas found in previous studies. The article continues to enumerate the several features that make MUDs ideal spaces for language learning, ending with an introductory guide to use a specific MUD, NannyMUD. It also includes extra information to access this and other similar worlds.


In this paper, we propose the intersection collision avoidance (ICA) algorithm with V2X communications. The ICA algorithm is developed based on both basic safety message (BSM) and signal phase and timing (SPaT) message of the SAE J2735 dedicated short range communications (DSRC) message set dictionary standard. Furthermore, the developed ICA algorithm is verified by utilizing `PreScan'. Consequently, it is confirmed that the proposed ICA developing methodology can be used as a solution tool to reduce the cost and the time consumption required for commercialization of safety services under IEEE 802.11p/WAVE wireless networks.


The invention relates to a Coriolis mass flowmeter (1), with at least one measuring tube (4) through which a measurement medium can be passed through, a driver (D) which sets the measuring tube (4) in resonant vibrations, a first sensor (S1) and a second sensor (S2) disposed along a flow direction (a) of the measuring medium offset from one another on the measuring tube (4) are arranged, and detect the vibrations of the measuring tube (4), and a connecting plate (11) for electrical connection of an electrical circuit (12 ) of the driver (D) to a voltage source (7), where (on the connecting plate 11) (in the circuit 12) of the driver (D) at least one parallel-connected resistor (R The invention further relates to a method of adjusting the current in a circuit (12) of a driver (D) of a Coriolis mass flowmeter (1), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of: selecting at least one matching resistor (R


The present invention relates to a color on the basis of at least one polymer dispersion with pigments, fillers, thickeners and dispersing agents and additives, wherein they a) 2-20 wt .-% of polymer dispersion, calculated as the solids content, b) 2-35 wt .-% pigments, c) 5-60 wt .-% fillers having a particle diameter of 0.1-200 microns, d) 0.1-3 wt .-% thickeners, e) contains 0.1-2 wt .-% dispersant, and 5 wt .-% additives maximum and to 100 wt .-% additional proportions of water, with the proviso that the dispersion has a viscosity of from 2.0 to 5 · 10


Education Building News. Connah's Quay's new school - Ysgol Cae'r Nant / Brookfield Primary School - is now open. The £7.5 million →


In this article, we study the anti-symmetric solutions with prescribed ranks to the matrix equation AX = B. By applying the matrix rank method, we present necessary and sufcient conditions for the existence of the maximal and minimal rank solutions which is antisymmetric to the equation. The expressions of such solutions to this equation are also given when the solvability conditions are satisfied. In addition, corresponding to the minimal rank solution set to the equation, the explicit expression of the nearest matrix to a given matrix in the Frobenius norm is provided.


At present,different colleges use different implemented platforms,data structures and implementations,and their databases not only geographically distributed but also heterogeneous,it inconvenienced the users to select and use the college information resources,so,how to provide a effective mechanism and eliminate the"Information Isolated Island"is to be a urgent problem to solve,use semantic grid theory to tectonic a semantic grid model--CI-Grid,a mechanism of utilizing ontology is fulfilled to integration the distributed isomeric database resources,the problem is soluted effectively,and a good prospect of application is illustrated.


There exists the phenomena of diminishing marginal returns in the process of science and technology reward,which makes science and technology reward of incentive effect substain difficult,enthusiasm and creativity of groups of scientists hardly to fully mobilize.Incentive levels,incentive approach,encouraging environment,course and other factors effect the process of science and technology reward of the marginal effectiveness of the incentives,only through "diversification of incentive combination and encouraging styles,personalization of the rewarding paths and motivational goals,multilevel of the rewarding content and incentive levels,and rationalization of derivative effects of incentives and incentive measures" and so on,which optimizes the effectiveness of technology incentives for the marginal returns much better,enhances the effectiveness of reward,and then promotes sustainable development for the activities of china's scientific and technological incentives.


Abstract : The management of assignment actions for Air Force officers has undergone significant changes over the years. This study examines the assignment management policies of the AF Manpower & Personnel Center Palace Scope Team, which manages assignments for the Weapons Director career field, AF Specialty Code 17XX. The study addresses the organization of the Palace Scope Team, current career field management, changing conditions within the field, and anticipated problems in assignment management of Weapons Directors. (author)


After arguing about the propertied education for years,the propertied education has displayed the feature which doesn't change for man's will.It has become an important theme how to examine the propertied education with philosophical view in academia.


The increased reliance on network has made it necessary to increase the security and privacy of the data across the network .One of the major threats in such a situation is of intruders who try to attack the network system. The main focus is to prepare the network against such attacks. In this paper, we present layered framework integrated with neural network to build an effective intrusion detection system. This system has experimented with Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining (KDD) 1999 dataset. Neuroph studio has been used to train the neurons. The results show that the proposed system has high attack detection accuracy and less false alarm rate.


This paper studies a resource allocation problem utilizing the power splitting (PS) architecture in SWIPT (Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer)- enabled device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cellular network, where the cellular users receive signal from the base station at different power levels. The device transmitter and receiver employ a PS architecture; hence a fraction of the received signal power is used for energy harvesting and the rest is used for information decoding. The device transmitter communicates with the device receiver such that the minimum rate requirement of the cellular users in the network is guaranteed. The formulated resource allocation problem, which aims at maximizing the throughput of D2D communications, is non- convex. Analysis and simplifications lead to an optimal solution obtained using the gradient descent method. The numerical results depict that the NOMA cellular network offers considerable D2D throughput gain over the benchmark orthogonal multiple access network. The results are significant for the adoption of energy harvesting D2D communications combined with NOMA-based cellular networks in the future.


Emerging technological applications for complex polymers require insight into the dynamics of these materials from a molecular and nanostructural viewpoint. To characterize the orientational response at these length scales, we developed a versatile rheooptical Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer by combining rheometry, polarimetry, and FTIR spectroscopy. This instrument is capable of measuring linear infrared dichroism spectra during both small-strain dynamic deformation and large-strain irreversible deformation over a wide temperature range. The deformation response of quenched and slow-cooled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is investigated. In quenched iPP, under dynamic oscillatory strain at an amplitude of ∼0.1%, the dichroism from the orientation of the amorphous chains is appreciably less than that from the crystalline region. At large irreversible strains, we measured the dichroic response for 12 different peaks simultaneously and quantitatively. The dichroism from the crystalline peaks is strong as compared to amorphous peaks. In the quenched sample, the dichroism from the crystalline region saturates at 50% strain, followed by a significant increase in the amorphous region dichroism. This is consistent with the notion that the crystalline regions respond strongly before the yield point, whereas the majority of postyielding orientation occurs in the amorphous region. Our results also suggest that the 841 cm−1 peak may be especially sensitive to the 'smectic' region orientation in the quenched sample. The response of the slow-cooled sample at 70 °C is qualitatively similar but characterized by a stronger crystalline region dichroism and a weaker amorphous region dichroism, consistent with the higher crystallinity of this sample, and faster chain relaxation at 70 °C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2539–2551, 2002


The way you interact with pupils – how you control your class, how you relate to their individual needs – has a huge impact on learning and your own job satisfaction.


This report based on the Area Fertility Survey of 7 regions in the Philippines analyzes current fertility trends in 2 of these regions (Central Luzon and Metro Manila) and contraceptive prevalence levels in the country as a whole. Analysis of household characteristics revealed a downward yearly trend in average household size from 1978 to 1980 (from 6.0 to 5.6 in Central Luzon and from 5.7 to 5.3 in Metro Manila). About 9 out of 10 married women in both regions were currently living with their husbands; the mean age at 1st marriage was 21 years. Analysis of fertility levels and trends was hindered by distortions in fertility measures caused by sampling errors reference period error age misreporting and omission. After some crude adjustments a reduction from 5 to 4 births in 1974-80 in Central Luzon was disclosed. Fertility in Metro Manila has declined from 5 to 3 births during the past 14 years but the declining trend slackened in the 1970s. The older the woman the longer the marital duration and the younger the age at marriage the higher the parity in all survey rounds. Middle class urban residents with college educations had fewer children than rural women of low socioeconomic status and low levels of education. 47% of women in Central Luzon and 71% of those in Metro Manila had used a family planning method at some point; 73% and 70% of these women respectively were current users. 58% of women in Central Luzon and 53% of those in Metro Manila currently using contraception resorted to effective program methods. The age groups with the highest marital fertility rates (15-24 years) had the highest percentage of never use of contraception. In Metro Manila birth spacing is gaining wider acceptance than birth limitation as a motivation for family planning practice. The 1980 contraceptive prevalence rate ranged from 26% in Bicol to 50% in Metro Manila. Greater promotion of modern methods seems necessary in Northern Mindanao Southern Tagalog and Bicol.


Three of the four Phlebotomus (ParaHead phlebotomus) species recorded in East Africa — Height = 0.52 (0.01) [0.51–0.54] mm. P. (P.) sergenti, P. (P.) alexandri and P. (P.) Pharynx length=23 (0.01) [22–25] mm, or saevus — are known to occur in Ethiopia 2.68 (0.24) [2.44–3.00] times the width of (Gemetchu et al., 1976; Lewis, 1982). The 0.09 (0.01) [0.08–0.09] mm. Labrum length= fourth species, P. (P.) mireillae, was described 0.38 (0.02) [0.35–0.40] mm. Antennal segonly a few years ago (Killick-Kendrick et al., ment A3 is 0.30 (0.02) [0.28–0.32] mm 1997) and has not been reported outside of long, or 0.80 (0.03) [0.76–0.83] times the Kenya. However, P. mireillae now appears length of labrum, and is usually shorter than, to have been detected in Ethiopia. rarely equal to or slightly longer than the During epidemiological studies of visceral combined lengths of segments A4 and A5 leishmaniasis in the Aba Roba focus in {0.30 (0.01) [0.29–0.32] mm}. The ascoids southern Ethiopia (Gebre-Michael and Lane, on A3 are 0.07 (0.01) [0.05–0.08] mm 1996a), sand ies were collected, between long, or 0.22 (0.02) [0.19–0.25] times the May 1998 and June 1998, from a cave near length of A3. Segment A4 is 0.15 (0.01) the  oor of the Segen River valley. The [0.14–0.16] mm long and has ascoids collections, made using CDC miniature light measuring 0.08 (0.01) [0.07–0.08] mm in traps, were mostly preserved in 70% alcohol length, or 0.51 (0.05) [0.44–0.57] times the and then processed for routine identiŽ cation length of the segment. The palp formula is and spermathecal dissection/examination in usually 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 (four specimens) but the laboratory (Gebre-Michael and Lane, rarely 1, (2, 4), 3, 5 (two specimens). The 1996b). However, any gravid females collected palp segments 1–5 measure 0.06 (0.01) were kept alive and placed in oviposition [0.05–0.07], 0.20 (0.01) [0.19–0.20], 0.23 vials (one  y/vial ) so that isofemale broods, (0.01) [0.22–0.24], 0.18 (0.01) [0.17–0.19] of known identity, could be reared (Gebreand 0.51 (0.02) [0.48–0.53] mm in length, Michael and Lane, 1993). respectively. Among the wild-caught sand ies were eight females identiŽ ed as P. mireillae [based on the presence of distinct spines in the spermWing athecal duct (Killick-Kendrick et al., 1997)], Length = 2.66 (0.06) [2.57–2.74] mm, or six females identiŽ ed as P. saevus and 14 3.37 (0.05) [3.30–3.46] times the width associated Paraphlebotomus males. The latter of 0.79 (0.03) [0.76–0.83] mm. 1 apex= were clearly not the males of P. sergenti +0.19 (0.04) [0.14–0.24] mm. R 2 /R 2+3 and P. alexandri and were assumed to be ratio=1.78 (0.07) [1.71–1.91]. P. saevus and/or P. mireillae.


Charcot's joint or neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the shoulder joint is an uncommon disease characterized by its destruction due to loss of sensory perception of the joint. Appropriate clinical assessment, diagnostic workup and treatment are essential in the management of Charcot joint. Patient education on activity modification must be included in the management as such knowledge may slow or prevent the impairment associated with a Charcot joint. Here we are reporting a case of neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the shoulder that occured secondary to syringomyelia. The clinical features, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup and management options are discussed.


Reliable tracking of road users plays a critical part on the way to safe automated driving. In this paper, a machine learning based tracking approach on radar data is presented utilizing the radar target point clouds from multiple time steps as input to detect road users and to predict their tracking information. The detection and tracking of objects is achieved by applying a combination of known feature extractors from lidar and camera detection tasks. The generated feature maps are used as input to two branches - one branch for detection and one for tracking. In experiments on an extensive real-world radar data set, the proposed model achieves promising results in tracking performance compared to a basic clustering and a classification assisted tracking approach.


It is established that the decentralization reform in Ukraine along with the administrative reform provided the formation of a new administrative-territorial system. This led to changes in land management, which primarily affected the improvement of land relations, setting the new administrative structures, and planning sustainable management of land protection on a local level. It is determined that certain provisions of land management in decentralization terms require proper institutionalization, in particular: establishing new boundaries for administrative units on the ground, consolidation of land management systems for united territorial communities, improving the management of agricultural lands outside the localities that are transferred to territorial communities' ownership. It is emphasized on the need to adapt the cadastral numbers system to the new codifier of administrative-territorial units, and on the urgency of developing new comprehensive plans for the spatial development of the community, which would ensure rational organization of UTC territory in accordance with the mutual interests of all localities. It is determined that the study results may serve as a basis for justification of further institutionalization of changes in the land management.


2 50 mM Na/K phosphate buffer, 500 mM NaCl, 2.5% glycerol, pH 8.0 250 mL 500 mL 1 L 2 L 4 L NaH2PO4 • H2O (MW=137.9923) 0.0690 g 0.1380 g 0.2760 g 0.5520 g 1.1039 g K2HPO4 (MW=174.18) 2.0902 g 4.1803 g 8.3607 g 16.7213 g 33.4426 g NaCl (MW=58.44) 7.305 g 14.61 g 29.22 g 58.44 g 116.88 g glycerol 6.25 mL 12.5 mL 25 mL 50 mL 100 mL Dissolve in water; bring pH up to 8.0; store at 4°C Equilibration buffer


This study investigates the rotation of two concentric spheres saturated by creeping single-phase couple stress fluid flow under the impacts of permeability and slippage. The slippage conditions are applied on the surfaces of the spheres. In addition, the couple stresses on the boundary are assumed to vanish. Moreover, the analytical solution to the problem is used to obtain the field functions velocity, tangential stress, and couple stresses. The torque experienced by the fluid on the inner solid sphere is evaluated and plotted. The contour lines of fluid velocity are sketched at specific values of the parameters. The results presented that the torque acting on the inside sphere decreases monotonically with the permeability and slippage parameters at certain values of the relevant parameters. Also, the rise of couple stresses inclined the torque.


This article presents the results of a single‐day census of radiation therapy (RT) treatment and technology use in Australia. The primary aim of the study was to ascertain patterns of RT practice and technology in use across Australia. These data were primarily collated to inform curriculum development of academic programs, thereby ensuring that training is matched to workforce patterns of practice.


The chemicurrent is a flux of energetic charge carriers, which may be observed experimentally within thin metal films in response to an exothermic surface catalytic chemical reaction. This article suggests a picture behind the chemicurrent in hydrogen oxidation in a high temperature regime over a platinum surface. The picture is intrinsic to the reaction mechanism. Surface reaction intermediates, "O–", "H–", "OH–", are negatively charged while the product, H2O, and reactants, H2 and O2, are neutral. Hence, charge transfers between the metal and reacting species are inevitable. After electrons are transferred from the metal to the interface in dissociative oxygen and hydrogen adsorption, translationally excited electrons in the metal arise in part as a result of decay of negatively charged transition states in reaction steps connecting surface species of different charges, "O– + H–" ⇄ "e + OH–" and "OH– + H–" ⇄ "2e + H2O". These transition states are the lowest energy configurations possible for changing t...


Abstract 1778

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common histological subtype of lymphoma diagnosed in the United States. Majority of patients diagnosed with DLBCL are in their seventh decade at the time of presentation. Previous studies demonstrate that relative dose intensity (RDI) is an important prognostic factor for survival in patients with DLBCL. Elderly patients who receive chemotherapy intensity comparable to younger patients demonstrate similar outcomes. In our experience, elderly patients appear to receive lower doses of anthracycline based chemotherapy secondary to significant toxicity, poor performance status, or comorbid conditions. We present our experience of RCHOP chemotherapy in the treatment of DLBCL among octogenarians and nonagenarians.

Methods: The study population was selected using the Vanderbilt electronic medical record database. After obtaining IRB approval, 102 patients undergoing RCHOP therapy at a single institution between January 2000 and January 2010 were included in our analysis. Patients who were treated with RCHOP elsewhere were excluded from the study. Pre-treatment co-morbidities were identified and scored using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). All data was compiled using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression modeling were performed using SPSS software.

Results: Of the 102 identified patients, 37 (36%) were aged 70 years or greater with a median age of 79 years (range 70–90). The median age of patients 70 had a higher average CIRS score (7.5 vs. 5.8, p 70 and experienced a greater frequency of dose reductions during treatment (73% vs. 18%, OR 12, p<0.001). The average relative dose intensity however remained greater than 70% of reference standard intensity in 32 of 37 aged patients (86%). Furthermore, only 4 of the aged patients (11%) received doxorubicin at an RDI < 10mg/m2/week. A complete response was observed in 92% of the patients and a difference was not observed between the two age groups (95% vs 91%). Frequency of neutropenia (grade 3–4) and febrile neutropenia was similar between age groups (43% vs. 45% for neutropenia, 22% vs. 17% febrile neutropenia). Prophylactic colony stimulating factors from the onset of RCHOP was more commonly administered among the elderly (92% vs. 28%, OR 29, p<0.001). Despite the use of early growth factors and dose reductions, the frequency of at least one hospitalization during chemotherapy was significantly higher among the octogenarians and nonagenarians (54% vs. 32%, OR 2.5, p<0.03). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify age, BSA and comorbidity scoring as statistically significant predictors of any dose reduction after controlling for sex, LDH level, disease stage, performance status, and prophylactic G-CSF use.

Conclusion: Our study identifies age as a predictor of dose reduction in RCHOP used to treat patients with aggressive lymphoma. The RDI of anthracycline among the vast majority of patients was maintained at greater than 10mg/m2/week and may help explain the high frequency of complete response observed in both age groups. We conclude that patients over the age of 70 years can receive an attenuated dose of chemotherapy without compromising the response rates while experiencing similar toxicities. Additional studies with expanded population size and extended outcome data could help identify target RCHOP intensity for elderly patients with DLBCL.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objective
To explore the effects of lecture-based learning (LBL) , problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture-based learning plus problem-based learning (LBL+PBL) on nursing students′ emergency knowledge and skills learned in critical care nursing teaching.

Methods
Totally 60 college nursing students admitted by Shenyang Medical College in 2013 were selected and divided into three groups randomly and equally. Nursing students in the three groups received LBL, PBL and LBL+PBL, respectively. At the end of these courses, they were examined for relevant skills and theories.

Results
The skill and theory scores of the LBL group were (83.12±3.21) and (87.45±3.50) , respectively; the skill and theory scores of the PBL group were (86.45±4.50) and (86.85±4.55) , respectively; and the skill and theory scores of the LBL+PBL group were (87.25±3.41) and (89.85±2.89) , respectively (F=11.98, 3.66; P<0.05) .

Conclusions
LBL+PBL can strengthen nursing students′ theoretical knowledge and enable them to apply what they have learned in clinical analysis and practice, thus improving their overall competence.

Key words:
Critical care nursing; Lecture-based learning (LBL); Problem-based learning (PBL)


Adaptive modulation increases the throughput of a wireless network by adjusting the modulation scheme to the channel status. To have more capacity and more flexibility in using adaptive modulation, our research attempts to find a group of modulation schemes, which includes M-QAM where the number of signal points is not a power of 2, as well as non-squared QAM (or APSK: amplitude and phase-shift keying), so we can have n-bit modulation where n ranges fully from 1 to 6 including half-integer indices. Some recent research has shown that the gap between QPSK and 16-QAM, 16-QAM and 32-QAM, 32-QAM and 64-QAM can be filled smoothly by introducing 12-QAM, 24-QAM and 48-QAM. But the gap between QPSK (4-QAM) and 12-QAM is still an open problem. In this paper we insert 8-ary modulation schemes, and propose 6-ary modulation schemes. Simulation results show that our proposed group can fill smoothly the gap between QPSK and 12-QAM.


Salt replacers and antimicrobial agents may be required to maintain consumer acceptability and safety of low-sodium dairy products. To determine which antimicrobials could potentially be effective in these products, this study evaluated the efficacy of eight commercial antimicrobials alone and in combination with six commercial salt replacers. Milk and low-sodium cheese agar systems were used as the growth medium for screening. Antimicrobials with and without salt replacers were added to the agar systems. Then cocktails of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella or Escherichia coli O157:H7 were spread plated on the supplemented agar and observed for growth after 24 and 48 h at 35C. Fermentates C and D, lauric arginate (LAE), and lactoperoxidase inhibited growth of all pathogens on milk agar. No pathogen growth was observed in the cheese agar containing lactoperoxidase. Salt replacers decreased efficacy of the fermentates and LAE against Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7.

Practical Applications

Pressure has been put on the food industry to reduced sodium levels in food. Because reduction of salt from dairy products could change the microbial stability and flavor, alternative antimicrobials and salt replacers may be required. Many commercial antimicrobial systems and sodium replacer exist, but testing each potential combination in a specific food matrix is impractical. Through the use of model milk and cheese systems, eight antimicrobials and six salt replacers were screened for efficacy against selected pathogens. Four of the eight antimicrobials screened inhibited pathogen growth in the model systems. Findings also indicated that salt replacers can negatively impact antimicrobial efficacy. While variation in a product matrix can interfere with antimicrobial efficacy, these findings can be used to help guide selection of antimicrobials and salt replacers for use in dairy products.


According to the principle of the job design,this text puts forward the points of improving working enthusiasm of employees,then discusses the job design that the library reform should proceed from the job devotion,the job enrichment,the job rotating and the environment reforming,so that the library can improve the working positiveness of the librarians who have the occupation ennui and realize the service target of the library.


EDITOR,—In their paper on the career preferences of British doctors Trevor W Lambert and colleagues highlight the different choices of career between men and women.1 As in the United Kingdom, in Norway the proportion of female graduates has increased in recent decades and is currently 50% (roughly 200 graduates); this change greatly influences recruitment …


The utility model relates dot a torque and angle tester of an actuator, comprising a guide rail, and a bracket is arranged on the guide rail; the torque and angle tester of actuator is characterized in that: two ends of the actuator are respectively arranged on the bracket and a testing disc, the actuator is connected with a controller, the testing disc and an angle sensor are respectively arranged on the output shaft at two sides of a magnetic powder brake, the angle sensor and the magnetic powder brake are connected with a data processor which is connected with a display device. The torque and angle tester has the advantages of high testing intellectualization and high measuring precise, good and accurate controllability, small torque return difference, abrasion resistance and ageing resistance.


Electrophotography is one of the most prevalent copier and printer technologies. Photoreceptors play a major role in the electrophotographic process. Nowadays, organic photoconductive materials have been most widely used for photoreceptors. Azo and Phthalocyanine pigments are major charge carrier generation materials (CGMs). Hydrazones and arylamines are used as charge carrier transport materials (CTMs). Some models for carrier generation and transport mechanisms have been proposed, Based on these models, molecular structural effects of CGMs and CTMs have been investigated and some new compounds showing good performances have been synthesized.


This paper focuses its study on 30 state-owned manufacturing industries on a certain scale of Jiangsu Province,estimates the total factor productivity(TFP) index,technical progress index and technical efficiency index with Malmquist-DEA model,and makes a comparative study of the efficiency of three manufacturing industries.The main results are as follows: the TFP of labor-intensive manufacturing industry is increasing because of the improvement of technical efficiency and technical progress;the TFP of capital-intensive manufacturing industry is decreasing as a result of technical regress;the TFP of technology-intensive manufacturing industry is improving due to technical progress;and at different periods,the indicators of three manufacturing industries are quite different.As a manufacturing province,Jiangsu needs to accelerate technical progress,improve technical efficiency and scale efficiency,and promote the improvement of TFP of manufacturing industry.


Optical limiting mechanism in fullerene containing liquids and solid-state matrices, and suspensions of nanotubes and nanoclusters were investigated in wavelength range 0.3-1.315 mkm. Solutions of fullerenes C/sub 60/ and C/sub 70/ in toluene and CCL/sub 4/ were studied. The optical limiting in fullerene-containing media was determined by two processes- the reverse saturated absorption (RSA) and optically induced stimulated scattering (SS). This study has developed several variants multi-stage schemes of optical limiters on the base of fullerene-containing systems C/sub 60/-CCl/sub 4/, C/sub 60/-toluene and also at the suspensions of Astralene.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of bond return index (proxy for market interest rate) as well as BIST-100 (proxy for economic activity) upon bank profitability. The scope of this paper is Turkey. Data covers quarterly period between 2011 and 2021, data structure is panel data. Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) is used in econometric analysis conducted in this study. ROA ratio of commercial bank, participation banks (non-interest banking industry) and investment & development banks are used as dependent variable; on the other hand, all-bond return index (as a reference for bond market interest rates) and BIST-100 return index are used as explanatory variables. Finding of the analysis indicate that the bond yield index (BOND) and the stock return index (BIST100) have a positive and statistically significant impact on the return on assets (ROA) of banks.


Physical activity (PA) is important in childhood obesity prevention. Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Development posits that an individual's behavior is influenced by one's interactions with their environment. Interventions promoting PA in context of the environment for rural adolescents are needed. The objective of this qualitative study is to identify barriers and facilitators to PA among 6–8th grade adolescents in rural area.


This article traces the development of peace studies on the graduate level, briefly expanding on three types of programs that have emerged: conflict-resolution programs, programs in schools of education to train teachers, and traditional scholarly academic programs. Information on structural supports for graduate peace studies programs is provided. The author concludes by presenting two recommendations on the future development of graduate peace studies: greater emphasis on peace itself and the fuller incorporation of an action component into programs.


(57) Abstract: A container (10), the container comprising: a body defined by at least partly film, the body includes at least one of the side seal, the body, at least partially are separated by manner peelable seal, at least two chambers (12, 14); with a film comprising a sealant layer having and bimodal thermal behavior, the side seal is a permanent seal and allow the release seal (16) can be at least partially separated, the container is provided provided.


Attempts to develop appropriate semi-solid processing techniques to manufacture iron castings have not been successful despite extensive laboratory studies done in the past. This research aimed at producing equiaxed primary phase structure in gray cast iron slurry using a cooling plate under a mechanism explained by the crystal separation theory, and casting the slurry into moulds made from different materials to form cylindrical components. A boron nitride coating was applied onto the surface of the cooling plate to improve melt-flow and prevent the melt from sticking along the flow path. Primary particle size, number, volume fraction and hardness for cast components were investigated with respect to radial and longitudinal position along sectioned surfaces. Results on size, shape and grain count of graphite precipitated in the matrix are also discussed, comparing resulting component microstructure with that of castings made through conventional sand casting. Pouring of melt onto the cooling plate was done at a temperature a little higher than liquidus to initiate nucleation of primary phase along the flow path. The casting technique enhanced nucleation rate, leading to finer and higher volume fraction of the primary particles before the slurry flowed into the mould. The nature of flow along the cooling plate ensured that agglomeration of primary particles was minimized, resulting in highly globular grains hence better mechanical properties.


Disruptions are highly undesired events during tokamak plasma discharge, and now massive gas injection (MGI) is the most promising technique mitigating all negative consequences of a disruption. A fast disruption mitigation valve has been designed and tested for J-TEXT tokamak based on eddy-current repulsion mechanism. In order to get the key operating parameters of the valve such as voltage and gas pressure in real time and to realize remote automatic control, a control system on LabVIEW software platform based on hardwires of sensors, relays, Advantech industrial computer and NI-6221 data acquisition card has also been designed. The experimental test results show that the control system works well.


The report presents streamflow and water-quality data collected at or near the mouths of 94 tributaries entering the 84-mi reach of the West Branch Susquehanna River between Curwensville and Renovo and at four sites on the river between Curwensville and Renovo in May and July 1984. In addition to the presentation of instantaneous concentrations of constituents, the instantaneous loads for acidity and total-recoverable iron are computed and presented. These values are used to determine the tributaries' individual and cumulative effect on the water quality of the river for Pennsylvania.


A pressure maintenance assembly for a domestic water well system. The assembly comprises a pressure maintenance valve having an inlet side and an outlet side, a pressure tank in fluidic communication with the outlet side, and a calibrated bypass. When the valve is closed, the calibrated bypass provides fluidic communication between the inlet side and the outlet side. The size of the calibrated bypass and the pressure tank are adapted and constructed to permit a flow rate between the inlet side and the outlet side that will fill the pressure tank in an time interval less than twice the time required to pump a volume of water that will dissipate heat generated by the pump when it is turned on.


For improving the transmittance and reducing the wavelength control error,the transition layer role of the antireflection film in the Glan-Taylor prism are presented.The results show that not only the transmittance of the prism is improved,but the bandwidth of the antireflection film is broadened when suitable film materials are used as the transition layer.Qualification rate of products is also improved.


Poster: "ECR 2015 / C-2429 / Significance of CT-guided core-needle (CNB) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of lung and mediastinum tumours: analysis of frequency and types of complications" by: "M. Studniarek1, P. Szlezak2, E. Srutek2, J. Kowalewski2, T. Gorycki3; 1Warsaw/PL, 2Bydgoszcz/PL, 3Gdansk/PL"


ABSTRACT Using a content analysis of all floor speeches from 2001 to 2007, this article systematically analyzes how female and male legislators in the Costa Rican Legislative Assembly descriptively represent their constituents. Female legislators can descriptively represent women by "speaking as" women by using words or phrases that invoke their own gender. This form of descriptive representation is referred to as descriptive presentation. The analysis finds significant differences in how men and women and representatives of parties of the left and right undertake descriptive presentation. Female legislators also "speak as" women even when they are not discussing women's issues.


The temperature dependences of the effective mass and the self-energy of the interface polaron are investigated by means of the Lee-Low-Pines variation method. The influence of the electron interaction with both the bulk longitudinal optical (LO) and the surface optical (SO) phonons on the temperature characteristic of the interface polaron is discussed. Numerical calculation, for GaAs-GaSb as an example, illustrates that both the effective mass and the self-energy will decrease with increasing temperature. Near the interface of crystals, the electron-so phonon interaction will play the main role in determining the temperature behaviour of the interface polaron.


Objective This post hoc analysis assessed the predictive value of improvement in depressive scores at early time points for treatment outcomes at week 8 in patients with major depressive disorder treated with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d or placebo. Methods Pooled data from 6 double-blind, fixed-dose studies in adult patients with major depressive disorder. Patients were randomly assigned to desvenlafaxine or placebo. Primary end point was change in 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17) scores from baseline to week 8 (or last observation carried forward). Optimal thresholds of improvement (percent change from baseline HAM-D17) at weeks 2 and 3 for predicting 4 levels of treatment success (≥45%, ≥50%, and ≥65% decrease from baseline HAM-D17, HAM-D17 ⩽7) at week 8 (last observation carried forward) were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Odds ratios of the predictability of improvement thresholds were computed from a logistic regression model adjusting for significant baseline predictors. Results Desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d (n = 1207) had significantly greater rates of treatment success for each level of treatment success at 8 weeks compared with placebo (n = 1067). Optimal early improvement thresholds for weeks 2 (20%–30%) and 3 (28%–41%) were highly predictive of all 4 levels of treatment success after adjusting for significant baseline predictors (odds ratios, 0.951–0.960; all P < 0.0001). Negative predictive value of early improvement increased, and positive predictive value decreased, for increasingly stringent definitions of treatment success at week 8. Conclusions Clinical observations of patients' early response to desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d may have clinical value in predicting treatment success and guiding patient management.


Disclosed is a graphene optical device. The optical device thereof includes a lower clad; an optical waveguide extended in a first direction on the lower clad; a first dielectric layer formed on the optical waveguide; and a graphene layer extended in a second direction on the first dielectric layer.


Rationale: Cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics are associated with reduced walking speed in older adults. The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics on walking speed in older adults with diabetes has not been clearly defined. Objective: To examine differences in cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics between older adults with and without diabetes. We also assessed the contribution of cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics to slower walking speed in older adults with diabetes. Findings: Participants with diabetes had lower cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics when compared to those without diabetes, following adjustments for covariates including BMI, chronic comorbid health conditions, and physical activity. 4-m and 400-m walking speeds were slower in those with diabetes. Mitochondrial oxidative capacity alone or combined with cardiorespiratory fitness mediated ~20-70% of the difference in walk speed between older adults with and without diabetes. Further adjustments of BMI and co-morbidities further explained the group differences in walk speed. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and cardiorespiratory fitness contribute to slower walking speeds in older adults with diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness and mitochondrial energetics may be therapeutic targets to maintain or improve mobility in older adults with diabetes.


Montelukast sodium (MTK) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat asthma and relieve symptoms of seasonal allergies in children and adults. MTK is known to be photosensitive, however, to minimize the effects of photodegradation, it is common to sell it in blisters, which considerably increase it is final product price. An alternative to blister packs could be the insertion of nanoexcipients capable of promoting a photoprotection effect of MTK in formulations. To elucidate the stability of the drug using appropriate analytical methodology, as well as to suggest the reduction of MTK photodegradation by the nanoexcipient iron oxide, this study was carried out. Two types of iron oxide were used in this study, one of industrial oxide and the other synthesized specifically for this study. The synthesized iron oxide was prepared from the coprecipitation reaction of iron (II) and iron (III) ions, followed by oxidation by adding HNO 3 and Fe(NO 3 ) 3 , obtaining colloidal suspension, purification by dialysis and vacuum oven drying. The characterizations of the synthesized iron oxide and industrial iron oxide, in addition to the evaluation of the degradation profile of the raw material and chewable tablet MTK, were carried out by the techniques of vibrational spectroscopy in the Infrared region with Fourier transformed (FTIR), microscopy transmission electronics (MET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Toward develop adequate analytical methodology, the raw material and chewable tablet MTK were exposed to degradation pathways in acid (HCl) and basic (NaOH), oxidation (H 2 O 2 ), thermolysis (60 °C) and photolysis. The XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques indicate that the synthesized iron oxide is maghemite phase (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) and industrial iron oxide was predicted to be formed by 100 % hematite phase (α-Fe 2 O 3 ). The average size obtained, by means of MET, for the synthesized iron oxide was 8.37 ± (SD = 2.18) nm and for the industrial iron oxide it was 26.66 ± (SD = 53.69) nm. The analytical methodology using the liquid chromatography technique (HPLC) proved to be efficient for elucidating the degradation products and MTK. The observed results indicated an extreme susceptibility of MTK to photodegradation. The synthesized iron oxide was able to attenuate the photolytic effect on the drug, in the chewable formulation of MTK. This study suggests that the use of maghemite iron oxide as a nanoexcipient could act as a photoprotector of photosensitive drugs such as MTK.


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Results of computer simulation of processes of dispersion of laser light in biological objects with fractal structure are described in this article. Experimental results were compared with data obtained after computer simulation. In experiments bacterial colonies Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and histological section with tissues with different types of new growths were used in experiments.


Electron probe microanalysis of geological oxide materials relies on stoichiometric considerations to estimate the content of undetermined oxygen and thus calculate ZAF (atomic number, absorption, fluorescence) matrix correction factors, requiring the valences of cations in the corresponding software to be unambiguously defined. However, stoichiometric ZAF corrections may be problematic in the presence of other undetermined elements or variable valence state cations. Herein, we analyse several oxides containing such cations, that is magnetite (Fe3O4), haematite (Fe2O3), hausmannite (Mn3O4) and cuprite (Cu2O). We compare data re‐calculated for incorrect valence states ( Method 1 ) with reference values, revealing incorrect results, due to an incorrect amount of oxygen used in the matrix correction. Some solid‐solution series of haematite and magnetite were also modelled in CalcZAF program to prove the relative errors when the incorrect oxygen is used. To resolve these issues, we describe two accurate methods. Method 2 uses the true valence states of analysed elements. In Method 3, all cations are analysed as metals, with the content of undetermined oxygen determined by difference. As EPMA software does not allow the use of non‐integer valences, Method 3 is applicable to cations with non‐integer or dubious valences in cases where these non‐integer valences cannot be defined.


We propose a theory of trap-filling transitions in organic thin films in a planar field effect transistor geometry containing an exponential trap distribution. We find that the thickness of the accumulation layer produced by the gate voltage in those devices depends strongly on the degree of energetical disorder in the active layer. As a consequence, the charge-carrier transport in systems with a high degree of energetical disorder can have two regimes: (i) a bulklike regime (BL), where the charge-carrier mobility decreases with the thickness of the semiconductor film and (ii) a surface transport (ST) regime, where the charge-carrier mobility saturates and does not depend on the thickness of the film. We derive approximate analytical expressions for the current-voltage characteristics, the saturation current as a function of the gate voltage (saturation transfer curve), and the field-effect mobility for each regime of charge-carrier transport. We show that the BL/ST transition is characterized by a variation of 2 in the power-law exponent followed by the mobility as a function of the gate voltage after a critical value. By means of our simple model, we discuss the conditions for the observation of the BL/ST transition in thin-film organic field effect transistors. We show that the mobility can have a maximum with increasing deposition of semiconductor material, depending on the nature of the percolative transport in the submonolayer and monolayer scales and on the degree of energetic disorder in the film. Finally we test our model using experimental data measured in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$-dihexylquaterthiophene devices reported in the literature.


The following study analyses the nurse's role in a multiprofessional working group at the hypertension ambulatory care unit (Hospital das Clinicas -Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil) and her role in working with hypertensive patients, who are managed only by the nursing follow-up at the clinic. The authors describe the methodology and the results obtained from the management of these patients at the clinic, emphasizing the practitioner's autonomy in the therapeutic procedures, which are established in the clinic's protocol. Other aspects are also analysed in this study such as (1) the blood pressure variations of a controlled group of hypertensive patients, (2) the necessity of referring the patient to a physician or other professionals when needed, (3) the results of pharmacologiacal and/or non-pharmacological therapeutics and (4) the influences of the modifying risk factors, which were identified either in the first consultation or in subsequent clinic follow-up, and the aderence to the nursing follow-up.