Purpose
Poor corporate governance was reported to significantly contribute to the 2017/2018 financial crisis in Ghana. As leadership is a vital concept in the corporate governance system, this study aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance and hypothesizes that job satisfaction mediates such a relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopted a quantitative research approach where a cross-sectional survey design was used to collect the data from 300 purposively sampled employees of five selected commercial banks. The data was analysed using PROCESS version 3.4.1.

Findings
The results show that individualized consideration is the dominant transformational leadership dimension being practiced by supervisors and managers in the selected commercial banks. Again, the four dimensions of transformational leadership have a positive effect on organizational performance, and such effect is significantly mediated by job satisfaction.

Practical implications
The findings suggest that the dimensions of transformational leadership should be continuously improved alongside strategically motivating employees to increase their satisfaction level to enhance organizational performance.

Originality/value
This study provides evidence that bank managers need to be cognizant that job satisfaction is vital in the industry and must be a focal point of corporate governance practices. The mere initiating of transformational leadership behaviours without a clear link to employee satisfaction may result in employee disengagement, consequently affecting the banks' performance and survival.


The present invention discloses novel compositions and methods. Dehydration and exercise by the use of these compositions and methods, it is possible to relax or recover the symptoms due to other activities that lead to the loss of high temperature and body fluids. Novel compositions of the present invention contains carbohydrates, electrolytes, water and perfume.


The feeding loop and the parasitic-line with rectangular loop technique is presented to minimize a size of a UHF passive tag antenna at the operating frequency of 920-925 MHz, corresponding to the standard of UHF RFID in Thailand. The electrical size of the proposed tag antenna is approximately 0.03 0   0.24 0  . It is designed for NXP G2XL IC chip with the impedance of 21.29-j191.7 Ω at the frequency of 922.5 MHz. For the simulation results, the proposed tag antenna has omnidirectional pattern, the power transmission is around 98.75 % at the center frequency, and the gain is 1.19 dBi. The prototype antenna is fabricated on the FR4 substrate   4.3 r   with thickness of 0.25 mm. The maximum read range was measured by 4 W EIRP reader which obtains 7 m.


With the rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) technology, more utility-scale PV systems are being integrated into rural areas where abundant and low-cost land is available. In these areas, step-voltage regulators (SVRs) with an open-delta configuration are widely used for voltage regulation. However, since SVRs were initially designed for tackling slow and smooth load variations, frequent PV output fluctuations can cause excessive tap changes. Moreover, rural communication facilities are normally expensive and underdeveloped, so only limited parameters are recorded with low resolution and reliability. Thus, much needed tap information cannot be properly monitored in a cost-effective way. In contrast, a downstream load center or utility-scale PV site is commonly well equipped with modern sensors and data acquisition systems, which provide the possibility for tap evaluation. Therefore, this paper proposes a new remote tap position estimation approach to accurately assess the upstream tap positions of open-delta SVRs from downstream measurements. Furthermore, the proposed approach is firmly validated through field testing under the support of the local utility and PV plant owner. This novel method not only enables reliable tap position monitoring with high precision for utilities to research PV–SVR interaction, but also provides valuable information to PV owners for correctly analyzing downstream voltage performance.


Traditionally, stock exchanges in the USA have absolute immunity when it performs regulatory functions. In the recent years, as many stock exchanges transferred to be companies both performing regulatory function and pursuing private gains, some of their actions can not be immune from liabilities. In the emerging market like China, financial innovation is very important to promote the development of the financial market. Therefore, this thesis suggests that limited immunity of the stock (futures) exchanges fort their actions in the process of financial innovation can protect the professionalism and enhance the financial innovation.


Previously published data on the chemical compositions and microstructures of copper- and cobalt-blue frit, glass and faience from the New Kingdom site of Amarna in Egypt (Shortland 2000) are summarized. The data are then used to infer the raw materials and processes employed in the production of these vitreous materials. The results suggest that crushed quartz pebbles were the source of the quartz for all the materials, but that different sources of alkali, both natron and a range of plant ashes, were used in the production of each material. It seems probable that the cobalt-rich alum colorant was pre-treated before use by precipitating cobalt hydroxide from a solution of the alum by the addition of natron. It is further hypothesized that cobalt-blue glass was produced by melting the cobalt-blue frit together with additional plant ash and possibly quartz. Finally, it is suggested that, in glazing the cobalt-blue Variant D faience first produced in the 18th Dynasty, the efflorescence or application method was selected according to object type.


During a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in an area of Madrid, Spain, the incidence of disease among solid organ transplant recipients was 10.3% (7/68). Being a black person from sub-Saharan Africa, undergoing transplantation during the outbreak, and residing <1,000 m from the epidemic focus were risk factors for posttransplant visceral leishmaniasis.


High-altitude pulmonary edema is an unusual form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that develops in a few persons with acute exposure to altitudes above 2700 meters. Although its occurrence in Nort...


Stroke is a major health problem for society. Almost all over the world, stroke is a serious problem with higher morbidity and mortality rates than cardiovascular disease. A sudden stroke can cause physical and mental disability as well as death, both at productive age and the elderly, 80% of strokes are non-hemorrhagic strokes (NHS). This stroke is caused by many risk factors such as hypertension, cholesterol, obesity, DM, increased hematocrit, according to an initial survey conducted by the service team, we see that patient and family knowledge is still very lacking regarding how to prevent and treat NHS, therefore it is important to hold counseling. This service was carried out in the RSP ICU Room. Ibn Sina YW-UMI. The dedication method is by Lectures/Counseling, Discussions and Questions and Answers. As a result of the dedication, we got the patient's family enthusiastic and active in asking questions so that they are committed to avoiding stress, stopping smoking, exercising, controlling blood pressure, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, they say their knowledge has increased about stroke.


© The authors 2012 Geografiska Annaler: Series B © 2012 Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography 201 be understood as interpenetrating, superimposed, and co-conditioning one another' (p. 121). In Chapter 5, nomospheric projects assist to influence nomospheric change. Similar in substance to Blomley's re-splicing, these projects reshape and transform the nomosphere. They are human-led and designed to intervene and reconfigure with an existing field of power, yet disturbances only occur from time to time. Examples of counter-hegemonic projects include the abolishment of slavery or appealing for increased migration rights. Perhaps a more contemporary project that could lend itself to the broader concept of nomosphere would be the current Occupy Movements holding ground in cities around the world. As Delaney, notes these projects 'do not always prevail and they rarely prevail completely and irreversibly' (p. 149). Moreover, these projects often push those that support them to operate within hegemonic institutions and practices of the existing nomosphere. In the final chapter, Delaney offers an agencycentred appreciation of legal geography by introducing nomospheric techniques and, in particular, the individuals that put these into practice; that is, lawyers and judges. Delaney refers to these as 'nomospheric technicians'. The last chapter is a welcome perspective on the roles that individuals play in producing space and law. This is a relatively unexplored aspect of the greater trans-disciplinary project. Delaney analyses four cases that each deal with the 'right to exclude' and highlights all of these to be examples of projects that either reconstituted or maintained nomoscapes and their constituent settings (p. 194). Delaney stresses that he is only drawing on common law cultures and practices in this section – and this fact seems largely evident in the rest of the book. While this is understandable from a legal practice perspective, such categorizations are less relevant when using a geographical, and also a spatiolegal, lens. By propagating such established legal frameworks, Delaney is somewhat guilty of reinforcing the archipelagic feel that elsewhere he successfully manages to negate. Delaney refers to a range of literature from various disciplines and peppers his analysis with lively and topical examples and cases. A focus on North American debates is evident with less attention given to ongoing European discussions. For instance, whereas both Delaney and Blomley have contributed to a new vocabulary in legal geography, it should also be noted that Philippopoulos-Milhalopoulos (2007) has coined the notion of 'lawscape' with the same aim of bridging the law–space paradox. Nonetheless, Delaney's book is an impressive contribution to legal geography's common overarching aim of thinking beyond the very categories that define it. In answering Blomley's call for a conceptual language that responds to this aim, Delaney has successfully developed the concept of nomosphere as a means of addressing the linkage between spatiolegal representations and spatiolegal materialities.


An antimagic labeling for a graph $G$ with $p$ vertices and $q$ edges is a bijection from the edge set of a graph G to the label set $\left\{1,2, \cdots, q \right\}$ such that $p$ vertices must have distinct vertex sums, whereas the vertex sums are calculated by summing all the edge labels incident to each vertex $v \in V$. Every connected graph, with the exception of $K_2$, is antimagic, conjectured by Hartsfield and Ringel \cite{Ringel1} in the book called"Pearls in Graph Theory". In this paper, we found a class of connected graph for supporting the conjecture. That is, the tensor product of wheel and star is antimagic.


In this article,the welding temperature field on the rear axle housing is simulated by finite element method.A numerical simulation model is established and corresponding Program is designed with APDL.The effects of temperature dependence on material thermo-physical parameters,potential heat and convection are considered in the program.


We have studied surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of aminobenzenethiol (ABT) and benzenedithiol (BDT) single molecules bridging Au electrodes (single-molecule junction) at different bias voltages. The SERS intensity of the ABT single-molecule junction increased with the bias voltage, and the non-totally symmetric b2 mode appeared at a high bias voltage. Meanwhile, the SERS intensity did not change with the bias voltage in the case of the BDT single-molecule junction. The bias voltage-induced SERS intensity and appearance of the b2 mode for the ABT single-molecule junction can be explained by the resonance effect. The energy difference between the metal occupied state and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of ABT decreased with an increase in the bias voltage. The charge transfer resonance taking place between the metal occupied state and the LUMO was, thus, allowed at higher bias voltages, which caused the enhancement of SERS intensity and appearance of the b2 mode.


A century ago the Commissioners who reported to the General Board of Health (1857) on the warming and ventilation of dwellings emphasized that in a comfortable and healthy apartment the floor should be at the highest temperature in the room. This requirement is met in rooms where the floor is warmed. Floor heating is used in Liverpool Cathedral, and Widdows (1921) applied floor heating in schools which he designed for the Derby shire County Council. More recently the method has been used in a variety of commercial buildings and in houses. This method of heating has the great advantage of giving considerable freedom in planning, and furthermore, no heating apparatus is visible. Floor heating must be applied with care, however, for if the floor is too hot the feet of the occupants may be overheated so that serious discomfort ensues. This is self-evident, but there seems to be much diversity of opinion concerning the limiting temperature of the surface of a warmed floor beyond which discomfort is likely to arise and limiting values quoted by different authorities vary between 75? and 85 ?F. It should be mentioned, also, that a risk of discomfort from overheated floors may arise in buildings warmed by means of ceiling panels, for in some such buildings the leakage of heat through the floors is considerable. Thus in a hospital so warmed nurses experienced dis comfort from warmed floors. It seems that the risk of discomfort with a given floor temperature will probably vary with the posture and activity of the occupants, but information as to the magnitude of the risk of discomfort under given conditions has not hitherto been available for the guidance of engineers who are designing heating installations. The present paper describes experiments in which persons were exposed to warmed floors. During the experiments the sensations of warmth of parts of the foot were assessed and the skin temperatures of those parts were measured. The relation between skin temperature and warmth of the foot was then determined. The effects of both the floor surface temperature and the air temperature on (a) the skin temperature of the foot and (b) sensations of warmth of the foot were then obtained. The percentage incidences of discomfort derived from numerical assessments of the warmth of the feet were trans formed to a probit scale for purposes of analysis. The experimental subjects were men and women who in different experiments sat or walked about. From the results of the experiments it was possible to ascertain the risk of discomfort and hence the maximum desirable temperature of the surface of a heated floor for men or women who were walking and sitting.


In this study, we investigate the employment of the pre-trained BERT language model to tackle question generation tasks. We introduce three neural architectures built on top of BERT for question generation tasks. The first one is a straightforward BERT employment, which reveals the defects of directly using BERT for text generation. Accordingly, we propose another two models by restructuring our BERT employment into a sequential manner for taking information from previous decoded results. Our models are trained and evaluated on the recent question-answering dataset SQuAD. Experiment results show that our best model yields state-of-the-art performance which advances the BLEU 4 score of the existing best models from 16.85 to 22.17.


ABSTRACT This special issue of History of European Ideas publishes several little known sources for the life and work of John Millar (1735–1801). This material supplements modern editions of his works and the records of his professional formation, his teaching, his life as a professor, his political engagement. The Preface suggests that Millar's form of Whiggism was an exception to the general despair over the relevance of Enlightenment political ideas that has been persuasively diagnosed in other theorists of British politics towards the end of the eighteenth century.


New high performance steel HSB800 have been developed in South Korea, the yield strength of which is equal to 690MPa. High strength steels typically show a lower ductility and a larger yield ratio than conventional steels. Since the inelastic design procedure of current AASHTO specifications is not permitted to the flanges and webs of nominal yield stress exceeding 485 MPa, this study is intended to present an assessment result of the compactness requirements for I-section girders by performing 3D nonlinear finite element analyses. On the hypothetical specimens designed to be compact-section girders, the numerical analysis was performed using the finite element code ABAQUS. From the analysis results, it is found that the compact section limits speculated in the 2007 AASHTO LRFD could be applicable to the design of HSB800 steel I-girders to reach the plastic moment. However, the inelastic design procedure does not surely confirm a sufficient flexural ductility. More extensive studies of HSB800 I-girders are still in need.


Invasive pest species pose a major threat to agricultural production around the world. Until recently, the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov, a major pest of wheat and barley crops worldwide, was considered a high‐priority exotic pest threat to the Australian grains industry. Here, we document the initial detection and establishment of D. noxia in Australia in 2016. These are the first records for this genus from South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales. Morphological and molecular information is presented for confirmed diagnosis of the species based on voucher specimens. Known distribution data are provided, along with a list of Poaceae hosts on which D. noxia has been recorded, and a brief description of the typical damage symptoms caused by these aphids. The potential impact of this aphid on Australian cereal production is discussed, and we identify research areas required to underpin future management of this new threat to the Australian cereal industry.


Jeffrey Lockwood is a professor of Natural Sciences and Humanities at the University of Wyoming. He spent four years researching the background for this book, and had discussions with dozens of specialists prior to putting it all down in print. The introduction itself sets the tone for the book, with a couple of real life examples of what is and what could be. From catapulting hymenoptera (bee hives and wasps nests) at enemies over fortification walls, to encouraging disease-ridden mosquitoes and plague-infested fleas, this book has it all. Gruesome in spots, the reader is provided with an objective analysis of the history of using insects in warfare, as Lockwood pieces it together— often from incomplete story lines from ancient times. Many of the examples presented here are historic in nature and it was very difficult to determine fact from fiction or reality. For example, six of the ten plagues that beset the Egyptians can be connected to our six-legged friends. Lockwood also thoughtfully describes what the future could hold in terms of bioterrorism with a final chapter entitled, The Future of Entomological Warfare. There are a number of illustrations of the warriors (entomological, that is) as well as the perpetrators and facilities where some of the insect weaponry was employed, developed and refined. The Bug Pit at Bukhara is particularly gruesome with its external grill and the expectation of a dark pit full of vermin at the bottom of a long rope below. This is a great book and I found it fun to read, as there are many very interesting examples along the way; for example how to prevent enemies from attacking your fortification by putting hornets in the tunnels they dig under your building. That certainly would make the enemy back up (as long as the hornets did not head back inside your own tunnel!) At the end of the book there is a substantial section with notes and suggested additional reading for each chapter plus an index. I thoroughly enjoyed reading this book, and highly recommend it to all entomologists, as well as political scientists.


Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 is a membrane protein that catalyzes hydroxylation of endogenous and exogenous substrates. Protein–protein interaction is a crucial factor that regulates the function of enzymes. However, protein–protein interactions involving human CYPs have not been fully understood. In this study, extensive protein–protein interactions involving CYP3A4 were determined by a shotgun analysis of immunoprecipitate utilizing anti‐CYP3A4 antibody. Our shotgun analysis revealed that 149 proteins were immunoprecipitated with anti‐CYP3A4 antibody in human liver microsomes. We further determined that 51 proteins of 149 proteins were specifically immunoprecipitated with the anti‐CYP3A4 antibody. Our analysis demonstrated that other CYP isoforms are interacting with CYP3A4, which is in agreement with previous findings. Based on our current and previous findings, we propose that drug‐metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A4 and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 form a metabolosome, which is a functional unit of metabolism consisting of multiple metabolism‐related proteins.


Seed disperser preferences may mediate the impact of invasive, non-native plant species on their new ecological communities. Significant seed disperser preference for invasives over native species could facilitate the spread of the invasives while impeding native plant dispersal. Such competition for dispersers could negatively impact the fitness of some native plants. Here, we review published literature to identify circumstances under which preference for non-native fruits occurs. The importance of fruit attraction is underscored by several studies demonstrating that invasive, fleshy-fruited plant species are particularly attractive to regional frugivores. A small set of studies directly compare frugivore preference for native vs. invasive species, and we find that different designs and goals within such studies frequently yield contrasting results. When similar native and non-native plant species have been compared, frugivores have tended to show preference for the non-natives. This preference appears to stem from enhanced feeding efficiency or accessibility associated with the non-native fruits. On the other hand, studies examining preference within existing suites of co-occurring species, with no attempt to maximize fruit similarity, show mixed results, with frugivores in most cases acting opportunistically or preferring native species. A simple, exploratory meta-analysis finds significant preference for native species when these studies are examined as a group. We illustrate the contrasting findings typical of these two approaches with results from two smallscale aviary experiments we conducted to determine preference by frugivorous bird species in northern California. In these case studies, native birds preferred the native fruit species as long as it was dissimilar from non-native fruits, while non-native European starlings preferred non-native fruit. However, native birds showed slight, non-significant preference for non-native fruit species when such fruits were selected for their physical resemblance to the native fruit species. Based on our review and case studies, we propose that fruit characteristics of native plant communities could dictate how well a non-native, fleshy-fruited


Modification of primary silicon was studied in Al-Si hypereutectic alloys with 17 Wt % silicon content. The alloys modified through non-conventional method using oxide addition. The effect of oxide on the morphology and size of Si phases in the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys investigated. The results show that the addition of MnO2 to the hypereutectic Al-Si alloys can modify the primary Si phases. In this, the primary Si phase is refine and the shape of the eutectic Si changed from long needle-like to short rod-like. The modified Al-17Si alloys have microstructures consisting of uniformly distributed α-Al phase, eutectic Al-silicon and fine primary Si - particles in the inter-dendrite region. The evaluation of microstructure showed that the fraction of primary silicon decreased with increasing the oxide content. The improved properties are dependent on uniform distribution of fine fibrous eutectic Al-silicon and fine primary Si- particles. The finest microstructure could be observed respectively when 2.5 wt % and 5 wt% MnO2 were added. In this case, hardness, tensile strength and % elongation increased than without added casting.


This research aims to further understand the effect of employee involvement and fairness in an organization that is perceived to have a positive workplace atmosphere. The mediating role of employee involvement in linking workplace flexibility with the behavior of co-workers, of course, the perception of fairness for every worker must absolutely be obtained in the work environment. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a reference for an extensive bibliometric study of the relationship between employees and the work environment. After managing the article data base compiled from Scopus from 55 articles found that were run from 2018-2020 there were 20 articles analyzed in this study. and analyzed managing with VOSviewer software to analyze co-authorship, co-accurance, and citation. Overall, this literature study provides an appropriate reference point for further research on the topic of Workplace Flexibility


The American mink Neogale vison is an invasive alien species in Europe that threatens endemic biodiversity and can transmit zoonotic diseases, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The last attempt to map the geographic range of this species in Europe, at continental scale, dates back to 2007. We aimed to update the distribution map of the feral American mink and assess its temporal trends. The information we collected was critically analysed with the aim of improving future monitoring protocols and data collection. We gathered and standardised data from 34 databases, covering 32 countries. Through 3 five-year periods from 2007 to 2021, changes in range size, hunting bags and capture statistics were analysed. We also reviewed the current situation of mink farming in the different European countries and recorded population control schemes. The American mink is now widespread in the Baltic States, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Poland, Scandinavia, Spain and the UK. The species is reported to be absent in some areas (e.g. parts of the UK, Iceland and Norway). Data are deficient for several countries, mainly in south-eastern Europe. These findings indicate that, during the last 15 years, the species has continued to spread across the continent, increasing its potential extent of occurrence in most countries. Our effort to collect and harmonise data across international borders highlighted information gaps and heterogeneity in data quality. Updated distribution data on the species provided here will aid risk assessment and risk management policies. These actions require a coordinated effort for population monitoring at continental level. Monitoring effort and data collection should be intensified in south-eastern Europe to improve data on the current distribution of this invasive species. © 2023 The Authors. Mammal Review published by Mammal Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


The Yu ting was cnearthed in 1942 at the village of Je Chai Ts'un, Ch'i Shan County,Shensi. In 1951, it was donated by the owner to the Shensi Provincial Museum at Sian, thusfurther enriching a collection which already boasted of one of the most important collections ofWestern Chou bronzes in China. The vessel bears an inscription of 205 words which is a valuable document regarding amilitary campaign conducted by the Western Chou against its neighboring tribes to the south. Since 1951, articles devoted to the study of this important inscription have already been publish-ed by several scholars.* In this paper, after first establishing the date of this vessel, the authorgoes on to expound some historical problems related to this inscription. The second section of this article deals with the gencalogy of Yu, and his date. Accordingto the author, this Yu was a feudal lord in the district of Hsin (井) who also made the Su HsiangFu kuei (叔向父簋) And he attributes Yu to the time of the Li Wang (厉王) of WesternChou. The third section is devoted to the problem of identity of the Prince Wu (武公) referred to inthe inscription. The author refutes the arguments of Chen Chin Yi that, thc Prince Wu was thePrince Wu of Wei(卫武公) mentioned in the "Wei Shih Chai" (卫世家) of the Shih Chi.On the basis of a careful study of both the inscription itself and the records of Chinese annals,the author comes to the conclusion that this Prince Wu was contemporaneous with the Yung YiKung (荣夷公) in the time of the Li Wang. And like the latter he was probably also ahigh court official of the time, not to be confused with the Prince Wu of Wei who had servedfor sometime as the regent before the Hsuan Wang (宣王) ascended to the throne. The fourth section treats of the military campaigns conducted by the Western Chou againstits neighbors to the south, particularly the Southern Huai Yi (南淮夷) who were only secondto the people of Ch'u in bearing the brunt of the Western Chou's attacks. Both the texts of manyWestern Chou bronze inscriptions and the records of Chinese annals seem to suggest that thecampaign against the Southern Huai Yi mentioned in the inscription of the Yu ting took placein the reign of the Li Wang. Incidentally, reference to this same campaign is also found inthe inscription of the Wu kuci (敔簋). The fifth section discusses the problem of the geographical location of the state of Ngo (鄂)which was also referred to in many other classics as Ngo (噩). Before the rise of the state ofCh'u, Ngo had been a powerful state which played a vital role in the strategic plans of theWestern Chou against the Southern Huai Yi and the Eastern Yi. The inscription on the Yuting relates that the king of Western Chou ordered the Wu Kung to quell the rebellion ofthe Marquis of Ngo who had attacked the Western Chou with the help of these two tribes.in the end victory was, of course, won by the Western Chou but the loss of such a usefultool as the Ngo had always been to them also greatly weakened the position of the Western Chouin their dealings with the Southern Huai Yi and other tribes. The last section is devoted to a discussion of the military organization of the Western Chou.The author tries to show that the "Western Six Divisons" (西六?) were equivalent to thegarrison forces of the capital which were under the direct command of the king himself. The"Eight Divisions of Ch'elng Chou" (成周八?) and the "Eight Divisions of the Yin" (殷八?)were the garrison forces used respectively to control the Southern Huai Yi and the Eastern Yi.But about the time of the reign of the Yi Wang, or perhaps as early as in the reign of the MuWang, the "Eight Divisions of the Yin" had already been withdrawn to the west. Hence,theinscriptions on the Yu ling referred to the use of both the "Western Six Divisions" and the"Eight Divisions of Yin" against the Ngo.


The field studies have revealed that there is an unprecedented high failure rate of rotary diesel fuel injection pump (RDFIP). The presence of rigid abrasive contaminant between the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head assembly of RDFIP causes scuffing failure. The abrasive contaminant is modeled as a spherically shaped rigid particle. The contaminant is envisioned to penetrate into the sleeve while positioning itself in rubbing contact with the plunger. Excessive temperature rise known as flash temperature between the particle-plunger interface is used as an indication of whether scuffing would take place. Flash temperature is determined by incorporating operating speed of pump, particle size, minimum film thickness, fuel properties, thermomechanical and surface properties of plunger and sleeve. Thermomechanical properties are determined through material composition of plunger and sleeve by spectroscopic techniques. Coordinate measuring machine is used to determine the radial clearance between the plunger and sleeve. Three high-pressure injection pumps are taken as case study for obtaining experimental data. This experimental data is used as an input in our theoretical model for the determination of flash temperature duly analyzing partial and diametric penetration of the abrasive contaminant. The model uses flash temperature in conjunction with the material properties to determine the critical particle size that may result in scuffing failure. The exact rating of fuel filter based on the critical particle size of the contaminant producing scuffing failure in the plunger and sleeve of hydraulic head assembly of RDFIP is also determined. The range of critical particle size initiating significant abrasive wear is determined and validated with the experimental results available in literature.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


Combined with the development of 3-divisional technology of computer,mainly the application of NURBS in the creating of new architectural forms,it discusses the developing process of architectural forms under the influence of new technology,the popular new architectural forms at present,and how the architects apply new computer technology to create and implement new architectural forms in the architecture design process.


This Letter reports an anomalous discontinuous variation in spall strength associated with shock-induced microstructure. It is known that elastic deformation, dislocation and stacking fault, and shock FCC-BCC phase transition will appear in turn with the increase of shock intensity. Our molecular dynamics simulations of single-crystal aluminum reveal that the damage evolution during release process may show an evident dependence on the shock-induced microstructure. The nanovoids nucleate homogeneously in the region of elastic deformation or phase transition, resulting in higher spall strength. However, the nanovoids nucleate heterogeneously in the region of dislocation and stacking fault, which leads to a sudden decrease in spall strength. This anomalous change is accompanied by a higher temperature rise, and we find that both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation satisfy the same spall strength-spall temperature relationship.


To carry out qualification system among traffic accident police is an important reformation,which leads accident police qualification training to be an important content in future.Training theory integrated with competency model will obviously improve training efficiency.Therefore,we can build traffic accident police competency model based on previous competency researches,analyze the essentials of integrating competency model in traffic accident police qualification training combining system theory and design some models of traffic accident police qualification training based on it.


L ike many teacher educators, we believe that teacher certification based on categories of student disability is passe. In many places, it is also entrenched. In Florida, for example, although we have generic (varying exceptionalities or VE) certification and programs, categorical certification and teacher training still predominate. Thus, to offer certification in emotional handicaps (EH) and learning disabilities (LD), for example, training programs must offer two separate methods courses—methods of teaching students with emotional handicaps and methods of teaching students with learning disabilities. As you might guess, the overlap in the content of these two courses is nearly complete. This is not the only redundancy among certification requirements in Florida, and Florida is not unique in experiencing problems of this sort.


the pieces. Although this puzzle can be solved readily by trial and error, perhaps the reader might like to apply the graph techniques [2] used to solve Instant Insanity. Serendipity occurs in a rather unique way in this topic. Several months after determining that the coloring scheme above is best, a colleague pointed out that the puzzle could be solved with the altered rule: only one color can appear on each face. In fact, the solution is unique with this rule. Furthermore, two solutions of the original puzzle can be obtained from the latter puzzle by merely rotating each small tetrahedra about the line normal to its hidden face. Either make all rotations clockwise or make all rotations counterclockwise. Recall that there are 4(12)5 and 2(12)4 distinct arrangements for Cleopatra's Pyramid and Instant Insanity, respectively, and that there are 19 and 1 solutions respectively. Hence, although the ultimate goal of a unique solution to Cleopatra's Pyramid has eluded us, we have still constructed a puzzle 24/19 times as difficult as Instant Insanity.


Film is one of literary works that is taken as the object of study. It is because film illustrates the real life, includes conflict, problems, and other respect of life. Film is one of literary works that gives not only pleasure to its audiences but also valuable lesson and information about people and life. Those are the point why it is strongly interesting to analyze film.

The objectives of the study were to describe Yukari's Hayasaka appearance style as a model in Aiyazawa's film "Paradise Kiss" and to know the effects of Yukari Hayasaka's appearance style in Aiyazawa's film "Paradise kiss".

The method will start with collecting and reviewing research literature to provide the research data. The data are carefully examined in order to analyze the film, which emphasize the Yukari Hayasaka's appearance style to be a model on Aiyazawa's film "Paradise Kiss' systematically and accurately. This study used objectives as its approach, because in analyzing the data the researcher only viewed the film as the entity of film without considering the authorÂ's background or the background of the society.

The findings of the study shows that Yukari Hayasaka found two appearance styles to be a model. They were: 1) Glamour model 2) Alternative model. The negative effect of Yukari HayasakaÂ's appearance style to be a model are: 1). Yukari gets going down mark 2). Yukari prefers to be a model than hers school. The positive effect of Yukari HayasakaÂ's appearance style to be a model were: (1) Yukari become famous (2) Yukari becomes rich.

In conclusion, Yukari Hayasaka is more dominant to be a glamour model than alternative model, because she is suitable to be glamour or feminine model.


On 16 December 2008, the ECJ, in delivering its ruling in the Cartesio case 1 , concerning a limited partnership incorporated in Hungary and seeking to transfer its seat to Italy while maintaining its legal status under Hungarian law, uphold – contrary to the Advocate General (AG) recommendation a position expressed twenty years earlier in the Daily Mail case 2 . Notably, in Daily Mail the ECJ had stated that, at the current state of EC law, Article 48 of the Treaty could not be interpreted as conferring companies incorporated in a Member State the right to move their head office or registered office to another Member State (so called right of primary establishment) while retaining the legal status conferred by the law of the State of incorporation. After Daily Mail, the ECJ had been delivering other landmark company law rulings concerning companies' freedom of establishment within the European Community – in particular, the Centros 3 , the Uberseering 4 , the Inspire Art 5 , the SEVIC 6 and the Cadbury Schweppers 7 cases and this case-law has been triggering, in the academic community both within and outside the European Community, a very wide amount of contributions discussing the contents of the freedom of establishment granted to companies by Articles 43 and 48 of the EC Treaty and its implications 8 .


In this paper we attempt to expose the opinion of Al-Ghazali with respect to the question of the degeneration of the Sun, as opposed to Galen's opinion. Galen believed that the Sun, being a heavenly body that is composed of the fifth element Ether, is not eligible to deterioration and degeneration. On the contrary, Al-Ghazali believed that the Sun may deteriorate refuting the objection raised by astronomers that no degrading of the Sun is seen throughout the past ages. Al-Ghazali correctly argues that the estimated degrading in the mass of the Sun is expected to be very small which makes it undeterminable by direct observations. Modern scientific astrophysical analysis supports Al-Ghazali's point of view.


Planning and decision making represent important challenges for all projects. This paper outlines the steps used to determine technical readiness and map the path forward to systematically advance readiness to support detailed design of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant. A Technology Readiness Assessment is used to evaluate the required systems, subsystems, and components (SSC) comprising the desired plant architecture and assess the SSCs against established Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs). A validated TRL baseline is then established for the proposed physical design. Technology Development Roadmaps are generated to define the path forward and focus project engineering and research and development tasks on advancing the technologies to increasing levels of maturity. Tasks include modeling, testing, bench‐scale demonstrations, pilot‐scale demonstrations, and fully integrated prototype demonstrations. The roadmaps identify precise project objectives and requirements; create a consensus vision of project needs; provide a structured, defensible, decision‐based project plan; and minimize project costs and schedules.


Abstract : This is an interim report summarizing efforts to investigate the use of bioscience software applications to expand the use of optical microscopy in developing improved methods and procedures to document the subsurface structure of coarse grain transparent ceramic materials in situ. The approach was to evaluate commercial software modules normally used by the life sciences using coarse grain magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4), and aluminum oxy nitride (AlON). The microscope used is a hybrid system possessing transmitted and reflected light illumination capabilities for both laser and broadband light sources and both confocal and widefield capabilities. The 6 13-mm-thick samples produced some unexpected optical responses while exploring the available contrasting/illuminating techniques of the hybrid system. Some of the limitations experienced using a 32 bit operating system and imaging applications are briefly noted. The less-than-ideal results observed in the video files derived from the Z-stack captures show the needed information was captured, just not reliably nor in a quantifiable format using the available technology.


The authors outline three broad perspectives on attitudinal differences between African-American urbanites and suburbanites and use data from a survey of residents of Washington, D.C., and the adjoining Prince George's County to test these propositions. The response patterns they observe deviate in numerous ways from expectations based on the assimilation and transplantation interpretations but are more consistent with the identity persistence interpretation, which posits an overriding attitudinal continuity among African-Americans, including African-American city dwellers and suburbanites.


The differences of the properties of EPDM/PP thermoplastic elastomers prepared with open-mill and inter mixer as two kinds of simple mixing equipment were investigated.The influences of shear ratio,curing temperature and processing technology on the properties of TPE were explored.The experimental results showed that TPE prepared with inter mixer had better mechanical properties than open-mill,and the higher of the shear ratio of inter mixer,the better of the properties of TPE.The optimum dynamical vulcanizing temperature was 190℃.The two-stage blending method was superior to two-step one and the one-step one was the worst.


In this article, we aimed to analyse and evaluate the alkaline metals (such as Li, Cs, and Rb) enrichment in the lacustrine and volcanoclastic sediments of the Erdőbénye valley basin of north eastern Hungary using a field spectrometer and ICP-MS analysis methods in order to define a potential explo-ration target. The results are ambiguous and the consequences are summarized in this article. Alkaline metals such as Li, Cs, and Rb are essential for the 5G technology, production of batteries, various ceramics and glass products, as well as other crucial application areas in the current world. As a result, the demand for those elements is skyrocketing on a world-wide. A potential target area was selected to test the applicability of LIBS field spectrometer in this segment of industrial mineralization.


In this meta-analytic study, we document that VP/VLBW infants have a higher risk of later ADHD, defined both categorically and dimensionally. CONTEXT: Although very preterm (VP), extremely preterm (EP), very low birth weight (VLBW), and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) newborns seem to have a higher risk of later attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the magnitude of the risk is not well-defined. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze the risk of VP/VLBW and EP/ELBW individuals to develop a ADHD categorical diagnosis or dimensional symptomatology compared with controls with normal weight and/or birth age. DATA SOURCES: We used PsycINFO, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases. STUDY SELECTION: We selected cross-sectional, prospective, or retrospective studies with no time or language restriction. DATA EXTRACTION: Independent reviewers screened and extracted data using predefined standard procedures. RESULTS: In 12 studies (N = 1787), researchers relying on a categorical diagnosis showed that both VP/VLBW and EP/ELBW subjects have a higher ADHD risk (odds ratio [OR] = 3.04 higher than controls; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.19 to 4.21). In subgroup analyses, we demonstrated that the more extreme the cases, the higher the ORs (VP/VLBW: OR = 2.25 [95% CI 1.56 to 3.26]; EP/ELBW: OR = 4.05 [95% CI 2.38 to 6.87]). We drew data from 29 studies (N = 3504) on ADHD symptomatology and found significant associations with inattention (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.31, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.96), hyperactivity and impulsivity (SMD = 0.74, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.13), and combined symptoms (SMD = 0.55, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.68) when compared with controls. LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneity was significantly high for all analyses involving the 3 ADHD dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: With our results, we provide evidence that VP/VLBW subjects have an increased risk of ADHD diagnosis and symptomatology compared with controls, and these findings are even stronger in the EP/ELBW group. Future researchers should address which risk factors related to prematurity or low birth weight lead to ADHD.


Engaging with the many debates about the meaning and character of Bonhoeffer's late resistance theology and action, particularly as it relates to his participation in the attempted coup d'etat against Hitler, A Severe Trial: Dietrich Bonhoeffer and a Theology of the Exception attends to Bonhoeffer's understanding of the exception. Resisting the common reduction of the exception to a political or ethical concept, O'Farrell argues that the exception for Bonhoeffer is an extraordinary moment in history that disarms persons, impinging on one's understanding of politics and ethics.
 Through a wide engagement with the Bonhoeffer corpus, this book states that this leads to distinctive narrations of key concepts in Bonhoeffer's corpus: responsibility, the free venture, simple obedience, and action beyond the law. It also offers a different portrait of Bonhoeffer to contemporary narrations. The Bonhoeffer that emerges is neither a Niebuhrian realist, a pacifist, or a religious fanatic, but one who is impelled to act apart from the law without this action becoming arbitrary. This Bonhoeffer provides a hopeful political witness that seeks a world beyond the conflicts and divisions of this age


String matching is the problem of deciding whether a given $n$-bit string contains a given $k$-bit pattern. We study the complexity of this problem in three settings.
Communication complexity. For small $k$, we provide near-optimal upper and lower bounds on the communication complexity of string matching. For large $k$, our bounds leave open an exponential gap; we exhibit some evidence for the existence of a better protocol.
Circuit complexity. We present several upper and lower bounds on the size of circuits with threshold and DeMorgan gates solving the string matching problem. Similarly to the above, our bounds are near-optimal for small $k$.
Learning. We consider the problem of learning a hidden pattern of length at most $k$ relative to the classifier that assigns 1 to every string that contains the pattern. We prove optimal bounds on the VC dimension and sample complexity of this problem.


Fresh fruits and vegetables are an important source of nourishment, especially vitamins, and a vital ingredient in healthy and balanced diets. Fruits and vegetables are vital sources of Nutrients to human beings. They give the body the necessary vitamins, fats, minerals, and oil in the right proportion for human growth and development. Fruits and vegetables however, have serious challenges to their existence. These include changes in climatic condition, pests and microbial attack. Over the years, there has been an increase in the need to identify and isolate the microorganisms associated with the spoilage as a way of finding a means of controlling it (Akinyele and Akinkunmi, 2012). Fresh International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 12 (2017) pp. 2099-2107 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


As for the college campus network,due to its different access modes,large user groups and high sudden occurrence of network behaviors pvarious accidents of information security and viruses take place frequently and exert a serious security on the normal operation of college campus network.And Authentication system is a difficult pint in the digital college campus system.This paper studies the authentication techniques status in the digital campus system,and analyzes in depth of the latest authentication technology-CPK certification.And the CPK certification technology has been successfully implemented in the digital college campus system.


The various typical main circuits of high voltage frequency converters and input side harmonics as well as the characteristics are analyzed in the paper.The software PSIM has been utilized for the calculation of the characteristics after the theoretical analysis was carried out.The theoretical analysis and the corresponding numerical calculation are proved to be correct just with the actual data obtained through field tests.


plasma core density rises strongly. A higher core density – and in a fusion reactor also a higher fusion power – can be achieved with the same fuelling rate


THE decision to elect into the Fellowship of this College representatives of those branches of medicine intimately connected with the practice of obstetrics and gynaecology showed wisdom and vision. You could have chosen a paediatrician who deserved the honour more than I do, but none who appreciated it more highly, and I cannot adequately thank you for the further honour of this lectureship. So far as midwifery is concerned, I am almost a Victorian, being in fact a neoEdwardian. In my student days we were supposed to attend 20 labours in the district, but often this number could not be encompassed in the z or 3 weeks allotted to us for the purpose. We were initiated into the mystery of the art by the student or students who preceded us and who attended the first z or 3 labours with us and then left us to our own devices. My immediate predecessor is now my distinguished senior ophthalmological colleague. He took me to my first case, but we soon got into difficulties and I was dispatched to hospital to fetch the obitetric House Surgeon, now another of


This study describes the impact from three major modifications to an existing ice‐analysis system developed at Environment Canada. The analysis component of the Regional Ice Prediction System currently provides near real‐time gridded estimates of ice concentration for all ice‐affected areas around North America and Greenland, and is primarily aimed to satisfy the operational requirements of the Canadian Ice Service. The first modification is the assimilation of Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder data from three satellite platforms to complement the already assimilated Special Sensor Microwave Imager data from one platform. The second change is the assimilation of ice‐concentration information derived from Advanced Scatterometer data. The third modification is to replace the ice concentration in the analysis with spatially interpolated values for all grid points where an estimated measure of uncertainty is above a specified threshold. Objective verification scores were computed from 1 year experiments spanning all of 2010 using independent verification data to evaluate the accuracy of the analyses. The incremental impact of adding each of the three modifications is examined along with the combined impact from the three modifications. It is demonstrated that the new version of the system produces consistently more accurate ice‐concentration analyses than the previous version, especially during the summer period and when the ice is refreezing.


This paper uses two high-cycle fatigue data bases, US blade materials and one for European materials the service lifetime of a wind turbine blade sit WISPER load spectrum for northern European sit 19921 and the WISPER protocol load spectrum farm sites. The US data base, developed by Mandell, et al. (1995), contains over 2200 data points that were obtained using coupon testing procedures. These data are used to construct a Goodman diagram that is suitable for analyzing wind turbine blades. This result is compared to the Goodman diagram derived from the European fatigue data base FACT. The LIFE2 fatigue analysis code for wind turbines is then used to predict the service lifetime of a turbine blade subjected to the two loading histories. The results of this study indicate that the WISPER load spectrum from northern European sites significantly underestimates the WISPER protocol load spectrum from a US wind farm site; i.e., the WISPER load spectrum significantly underestimates the number and magnitude of the loads observed at a US wind farm site. Further, the analyses demonstrate that the European and the US fatigue material data bases are in general agreement for the prediction of tensile failures. However, for compressive failures, the two data bases are significantly different, with the US data base predicting significantly shorter service lifetimes than the European data base.


Morphodynamic changes at sandy coasts, as are dominant in The Netherlands, are typically monitored at yearly intervals by means of LIDAR. Meanwhile it is recognized that beach morphodynamics is not a regular process but is strongly correlated to meteorological conditions. A time series of 14 terrestrial laser scans of a beach experiment is analyzed, obtained during a time period of 88 hours characterized by changing weather conditions including strong wind and rain. It is shown that after a conversion to a suited spherical grid, different deformation regimes can be identified and that elevation changes rates below a millimeter an hour can be detected.


We present the first high-resolution cryogenic absorption measurements of Ho:YAG. The results reveal previously unresolved structure in the absorption spectra. These measurements provide important data for the design of efficient resonantly pumped, cryogenically cooled Ho:YAG lasers.


Electromagnetic interferences due to on board-devices may differ from what can be expected after unitary on-bench tests. This work deals with the extension to the multipolar case of a previous approach, aiming at ensuring that the on-board device performances will be satisfactory. It is based on the computation of new limits for on-bench tests obtained through a global optimization process.


The impact of artificial intelligence including self-driving vehicles in everyday life has been increasing, and therefore, the AI's decisions and actions can significantly influence on human life. For this reason, discussion about ethical issues associated with AI is increasing as well. This paper e...


EFPC: EUROPEAN FORUM FOR PRIMARY CAREPrimary care and population health for European Cities Diederik Aarendonk & Jan De Maeseneer To cite this article: Diederik Aarendonk & Jan De Maeseneer (2013) EFPC: EUROPEAN FORUM FOR PRIMARY CAREPrimary care and population health for European Cities, European Journal of General Practice, 19:3, 206-207 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13814788.2013.816952


Singapore's bilingual education has achieved a great success in fostering high-qualified personals,facilitating the development of Singapore's economy and promoting its national identity,but meanwhile there exist some defects: its mother language being on the fall,its subdividing policy on language education implemented at early stage of language-acquisition having evident side-effects,and its own national culture being disappearing.So the implications we got from it are: bilingual instruction in China should be based on both its teachers' and students' levels;such relationship as mother tongue acquisition and foreign language learning,language learning and major learning should be appropriately dealt with;in addition,good teaching staff forging and favorable language environment creation are equally important.


M eta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of blood pressure (BP)-lowering treatment show that treatment lowers risk of cardiovascular outcomes like cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, cardiovascular death and total mortality in hypertensive patients. Also novel endpoints like atrial fibrillation, incident diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer type of cognitive decline may be prevented though stronger evidence in long-lasting studies is needed for the latter. However, treatment comes with a price to pay because many patients discontinue treatment even in clinical trials, possibly because of side-effects of the treatment that is given. Side-effect may be drug specific or nondrug specific, and they are therefore termed adverse events. An adverse event is thus any untoward event that happens during the course of a clinical trial and is reported by the study investigators. Adverse events associated with BP-lowering treatment have not before been systematically meta-analyzed in large scale in the same way as the benefits of preventing the cardiovascular and renal events caused by treatment of hypertension. Thomopoulos, Parati and Zanchetti have published a series of important meta-analyses of various aspects of the treatment of hypertension in Journal of Hypertension through the past 2 years. They have created a database containing literally all important details from the randomized and controlled hypertension trials that have been published to date. In the database, they have also included adverse events reported in the trials, and that could be extracted from a majority of the publications. This issue of the Journal [1] contains a report on this aspect of the clinical trials.


Intelligent algorithms being applied in intrusion detection system (IDS) becomes a tendency in recent years. This paper presents a new method of hybrid detection based on BPSO-SVM, a mixed algorithm that is composed of modified binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and support vector machine (SVM). This algorithm proposes a simultaneous feature selection and SVM parameters optimization. Experiments on KDD CUP'99 dataset show that this method can be an effective way for hybrid detection.


Laboratory setup and test configuration for lightning testing of fuel tank are described. The test was performed in accordance with test method specified in MIL-STD-1757A. The results of the test indicate that arcs/sparks occur at various locations such as observation window, bulkhead-to-skin gaps, and the fasteners associated with various valves. Lightning protection designs to suppress area/sparks are also discussed.<<ETX>>


Background:
 Acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) is a rare subtype of AML characterized by erythroid predominant proliferation and classified into two subtypes with pure erythroid (PEL) and myeloid/erythroid (MEL) phenotypes. Although several reports described gene mutations in AEL, genotype phenotype correlations have not fully been elucidated with little knowledge about feasible molecular targets for therapy.
 Methods:
 To understand the mechanism of the erythroid dominant phenotype of AEL and identify potential therapeutic targets for AEL, we analyzed a total of 121 adult AEL cases with the median age of 60 (23-87), using whole genome/exome sequencing of 35 cases, followed by targeted-capture sequencing of 387 genes together with 1,279 SNP loci for copy number measurements in all cases. Among these, 21 were also analyzed by RNA sequencing. Genetic profiles of these AEL cases were compared to those of 409 cases with non-erythroid AML (non-AEL) including 195 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Six patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were established from AEL with JAK2 and/or EPOR focal gain/amplification/mutation. PDX cells were inoculated into immune-deficient mice and tested for their response to JAK1/2 inhibitor.
 Results:
 According to unique genetic alterations, AEL was classified into 4 genomic groups (A-D). Characterized by TP53 mutations and complex karyotype, Group A was the most common subtype (48/121; 40%) and showed very poor prognosis. Remarkably, almost all the PEL cases (12/13; 92%) were categorized into Group A. Conspicuously, 75% of PEL cases with TP53 mutation had focal gain/amplifications/mutations of JAK2 (5/12; 42%), EPOR (7/12; 58%), and ERG/ETS2 (1/12; 8%) loci on chromosomes 9p, 19q, and 21q, respectively, while 34% of MEL cases with TP53 mutation had focal gain/amplifications/mutations of JAK2 (2/29; 7%), EPOR (7/29;24%), and ERG/ETS2 (7/29;24%) loci, frequently in combination. Group B was characterized by frequent NPM1 mutations, in contrast to the frequent co-mutation of FLT3 in the corresponding subgroup of NPM1-mutated cases in non-AEL, whereas NPM1-mutated patents in this group lacked FLT3 mutations but had frequent PTPN11 mutations (8/16; 50%), which were much less common in non-AEL (15/101; 15%). All cases in Group C (n=22, 18%), another prevalent form of AEL, had STAG2 mutations and classified in MEL. Prominently, 68% (17/25) of STAG2-mutated AEL cases had KMT2A-PTD, which was rarely found in non-AEL cases. The remaining cases were categorized into Group D, which was enriched for mutations in ASXL1, BCOR, PHF6, RUNX1 and TET2. We also identified recurrent loss-of-function USP9X mutations in this group, which were previously reported in ALL with an upregulated JAK-STAT pathway. In RNA sequencing analysis, AEL cases exhibited gene expression profiles implicated in an upregulated STAT5 signaling pathway, which was seen not only in those cases with JAK2 or EPOR focal gain/amplification/mutation, but also in AEL without these amplifications, suggesting that aberrantly upregulated STAT5 activation might represent a common molecular signature of AEL. Survival analysis revealed that TP53 mutation is a poor prognostic factor in AEL and non-AEL and no statistically significant difference between AEL and non-AEL with TP53 mutation. Intriguingly, 19p gains/amplifications were associated with a significantly poor prognostic prognosis in TP53-mutated AEL cases. Based on this finding, we evaluated the effect of a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, on 6 PDX models established from AEL having TP53 mutations and JAK2 and EPOR mutation/amplification. Of interest , ruxolitinib significantly suppressed cell growth and prolonged overall survival in mice engrafted with 4 PDX models with STAT5 downregulation, although the other 2 models were resistant to JAK2 inhibition with persistent STAT5 activation.
 Conclusion:
 AEL is a heterogeneous group of AML, of which PEL is characterized by frequent amplifications/mutations in JAK2 and/or EPOR. Frequent involvement of EPOR/JAK/STAT pathway is a common feature of AEL, in which a therapeutic role of JAK inhibition was suggested.

 Nakagawa: Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Oncology, Inc.: Research Funding. Yoda: Chordia Therapeutics Inc.: Research Funding. Morishita: Chordia Therapeutics Inc.: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Miyazaki: Sumitomo-Dainippon: Honoraria, Research Funding; Astellas: Honoraria; Chugai: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Nippon-Shinyaku: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Daiichi-Sankyo: Honoraria; Kyowa-Kirin: Honoraria; Eisai: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria. Usuki: Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Eisai: Speakers Bureau; MSD: Speakers Bureau; PharmaEssentia: Speakers Bureau; Yakult: Speakers Bureau; Mundipharma: Research Funding; Astellas-Amgen-Biopharma: Research Funding; Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Research Funding; Ono: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Otsuka: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sumitomo Dainippon: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Symbio: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Nippon shinyaku: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Research Funding; Kyowa Kirin: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Brisol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Astellas: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Maciejewski: Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene: Consultancy; Regeneron: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Alexion: Consultancy. Ohyashiki: Novartis Pharma: Other: chief clinical trial; Bristol Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Ganser: Celgene: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria. Heuser: Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer Pharma AG: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Daiichi Sankyo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BergenBio: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astellas: Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Tolremo: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS/Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Thol: Astellas: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; BMS/Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Honoraria. Shih: PharmaEssentia Co: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene Ltd: Research Funding; Ltd: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Takaori-Kondo: Celgene: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers K.K.: Honoraria; ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.: Research Funding. Ogawa: Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Eisai Co., Ltd.: Research Funding; Kan Research Laboratory, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharmaceutical, Inc.: Research Funding; ChordiaTherapeutics, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding; Ashahi Genomics: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company.


ABSTRACT The subject of stone in the bladder possesses peculiar and always fresh interest for the surgeon, and no matter how often discussed, any suggestions that may shed light on the subject are at all times welcome. The object of this paper is not, however, to present any startling or novel facts, but to calmly, dispassionately and impartially consider the question of "The Choice of Operations for the Removal of Vesical Calculi in the Male."The safest and best method of removing stones from the bladder has long been sought but, like the philosopher's stone, has never been found. There is no best operation for the extraction of urinary calculi. Every case of stone has its special indications, and the best results will be attained by the surgeon who has a thoroughly practical knowledge of all plans of operating and who appreciates the paramount importance of selecting the operation best


Most books on ethics are boring. Against Autonomy 1 is fun to read because its helpful and profound points are made without a fuss. Author Sarah Conly is right that "when individuals engage in behavior that undercuts their own chances of happiness, state interference may be justified".

In what follows I argue that Conly misinterprets that thesis in three ways. First, she says that her paternalism seeks to "help people get where they want to go... live the lives they truly want to live". That's a different idea from the one I quoted earlier. Why? Because people do not always (truly) want to live in the way that (in fact) would give them the highest chance of happiness. Conly is surely right that when we "habitually choose the large fries", that's not always because large fries is what we want truly. Such choice can also reflect ignorance and miscalculation on our parts—when we simply "choose ineffective means to our ends". But Conly fails to recognise another potential source. Sometimes self-harming choice reflects what we truly want at the time. Many young people do not care much about health problems in their older years. They habitually choose large fries not because they …


The results of research in the field of remote sensing using the technologies of radar and laser detection of hydrocarbons raw materials aimed at the search, localization and topographic location of discovered oil and gas field, the determination of leaks and atmospheric pollution by hydrocarbon gases (e.g. methane) are presented. The main problems with sounding are revealed. To determine the extremely low concentrations of methane in the atmosphere, the main constraining factors were determined and the need to suppress side interference arising on the probing path of the laser beam was shown. To formulate requirements for the sensitivity of equipment and the accuracy of software calculations, the choice of a mathematical model of the path of the laser beam is justified. A modification of the known model is proposed to represent the lidar path based on the differential absorption method taking into account correction coefficients of molecular and aerosol absorption and scattering. Thus, the presented model is a set of methods for providing more accurate and localized data for the implementation of a hardware-software complex.


The temperature dependence of the drift velocity of thermal electrons travelling through polar gases has been investigated, and the data have been used to determine more accurately the magnitude and the velocity dependence of the momentum transfer cross section sigma m, expressed as sigma m=aalpha / nu alpha , where Aalpha is a constant for each value of alpha . The values of alpha for the 14 polar molecules investigated are found to be close to the value of 2 predicted by the Born approximation. There is a considerable spreading in sigma m for permanent electric dipole moments mu in the region 1.65<or= mu <or=3 debye.


and 1937, World War II-Beginnings. In the first focus, papers dealing with the Holocaust, displaced persons, War Crimes Trials, among other topics, as well as papers dealing with broad issues of earlier years will be welcome; in the second focus papers on Fascism and Naziism, Ethiopia, Spain, Literature, Art, Film, Women's Studies and Jewish Studies dealing with the era. Obviously, the SinoJapanese War will be particularly appropriate. Replies and inquiries should be sent to Professor Thomas O. Kelly ii, Department of History, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211-1462; telephone (518) 783-2595; FAX (518) 783-4293. Deadline for submissions is December 1, 1996.


Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is an important enzyme in the synthesis of polyamines. Polyamines are charged organic molecules that are essential for cell growth. Antizyme is an enzyme that aids in the regulation of polyamine levels within the cell by targeting ODC for degradation. A yeast strain has been established that involves the complementation of a null mutant endogenous ODC gene with expression of human ODC. The ODC gene was constitutively expressed while antizyme expression was controlled by galactose induction. In the presence of galactose, induced antizyme expression resulted in eventual cell death due to ODC degradation and depletion of polyamines. Using this system we will transform the strain with a yeast cDNA library controlled by a GAL promoter. We will screen for overexpressed yeast proteins that may inhibit antizyme function. The inhibition of antizyme will allow the yeast to grow since ODC will no longer be degraded. Identifying yeast genes that functionally interact with antizyme will lead to an increased understanding of the activity and function of antizyme in polyamine synthesis. The ability to understand the function and mechanism of antizyme's ability to target ODC for degradation could help in the control of cell growth. Polyamine regulation is highly conserved in all organisms thus the study of AZ function in yeast can have direct applications to higher vertebrates.


This paper discusses changes in the living situation of children and adolescents as potential risks of psychosocial and psychosomatic problems of personality development. Schools are considered to be important social institutions to compensate for developmental deficits in other areas of socialization. A certain/minimal degree of autonomy of every individual school is mentioned as a prerequisite for schools' effective coping with these demands. The paper proposes four dimensions which are of importance in this respect: The curricular, social-life, ecological, and community dimension.


The utility model discloses a control system of an energy-storage air conditioning local work station. The control system comprises a control device and a controlled device and a measuring instrument which are connected with the control device. The control device comprises a master control unit, an input module used for inputting data into the master control unit, a storage module used for storing the data, a parameter setting module used for setting parameters of the master control unit and a display module used for outputting processing data of the master control unit, wherein the input module, the storage module, the parameter setting module and the display module are connected with the master control unit. The controlled device and the measuring instrument are respectively connected with the master control unit. The master control unit collects data of the controlled device and data of the measuring instrument. A programmable logic controller is connected between the master control unit and the controlled device. The control system can optimize operation of air conditioning devices and reduce air conditioning use cost.


Spin angular momenta of circular polarized photons influenced chemical reactions. It has revealed that the circular polarized light (CPL) strongly influences self-assembly of racemic CdTeNps. When light is enlightened to sample of racemic CdTe NPs, NPs separated in to right-and lefthanded twisted nanoribbons with rightand lefthanded circular polarized light (CPL) respectively which induces due to light. This is because of spin angular momenta of circular polarized photons influenced chemical reactions. It is seen that enlightening to such chemical reactions surplus both type of enantiomers which is ͂10 times higher than CPLinduced reactions. Further illumination of linearly polarize light plus assembly in dark led to non-twisted nanoribbons. The mechanism of "templation"of NPs assemblies by CPL is correlated with selective photo-activation of chiral NPs moreover clusters followed by their photo-oxidation. Chiral anisotropy interfaces translate in to chirality of the given assembled ribbons. The ability of NPs to preserve polarization information of incident photon releases new pathways for the synthesis of chiral photonic materials. It also allows for improvement understanding of the origins biomolecular homo-chirality.


It was demonstrated that employing a sheath gas flow was effective in the formation of long laminar flow of He jet without turbulence by matching the gas velocities at the boundary between the He core jet and the N2 sheath gas flow. With the extension of He laminar flow, the plume length of plasma was significantly extended to more than 20 mm at a 0.5-slm flow rate of He. The irradiation area for the direct plasma treatment of the target was clearly limited within 2 mm even at a 10-mm distance from the target.

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The reduced mobility of K+ ions in He, Ne, Ar, H2 and N2 and in mixtures of He-Ne, Ne-Ar and H2-N2 has been measured at 293 K over the range 20<or=E/N(Td)<or=100 using the Bradbury-Nielsen time-of-flight technique. A theory has been developed which predicts the deviations from Blanc's Law in situations where only elastic scattering occurs. The measured deviations in mixtures of He-Ne and Ne-Ar are in good qualitative agreement with the predictions of this theory. In H2-N2 mixtures the measured deviations are of opposite sign and differ in magnitude from the predictions of the recent theory of Mason and Hahn (1972). The measured values of the reduced mobility of the ions in the pure gases are estimated to be in error by less than +or-2% over the whole range of E/N and the errors in the measured deviations from Blanc's Law are considered to be less than +or-0.4%.


Dr. Mark Vonnegut discusses quality improvement measures that have affected his practice. He argues that we should be working harder to determine whether these programs really will improve care before adopting what is a very radical and far-reaching change in the way medical care is delivered.


BACKGROUND
Sun exposure has a beneficial effect on acne vulgaris, but it is not clear which wavelengths contribute to the favourable effect.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of visible light on acne vulgaris and define the most effective wavelengths.

METHODS
Thirty patients (15 men and 15 women) with mild to moderate acne vulgaris, involving the face and/or the back and/or the chest, were treated with three different light sources. They were treated 3 times a week, for a total of 7 weeks, each field for 20 min per session.

RESULTS
All the light sources using 'full spectrum', green and violet improved the acne, leading to 14% (p > 0.10), 22% (p < 0.05) and 30% (p < 0.02) improvement, respectively. No statistically significant differences between the three different light sources were found, although there was a tendency that violet light was better than the other light qualities. No side-effects were observed.

CONCLUSION
Visible light is a moderately effective alternative for treatment of acne vulgaris.


We analyze the Andreev spectrum in a four-terminal Josephson junction between one-dimensional topological superconductors in class D. We find that a topologically protected crossing in the space of three superconducting phase differences can occur between the two lowest Andreev bound states. This crossing can be detected through the transconductance quantization, in units of $2{e}^{2}/h$, between two voltage-biased terminals. As the crossing occurs away from the Fermi level, our prediction of a quantized response is specific to the nonequilibrium conditions set by the voltage drive. Therefore, it provides an example of a topological signature that cannot be ascribed to a ground-state property. We discuss possible realizations of such junctions with semiconducting crossed nanowires and with quantum-spin Hall insulators.


Using a beam‐gas arrangement, we have obtained the chemiluminescence spectra of alkali‐halogen reactions at pressures less than 1 mtorr. The spectra in general are characterized by a broad molecular feature on which are superimposed sharp atomic alkali transitions. Under higher resolution (better than 5 A) the molecular feature consists of a single progression of regularly spaced peaks extending over several thousand angstroms. Spectra are presented for the chemiluminescent reactions M2+X2(XY) →MX*+MX(MY), where M2=K2, Rb2, Cs2 and X2(XY)=Cl2, Br2, I2, IBr, ICl, ClF. The MX* emitter is identified by comparison of the vibrationally resolved spectra with previous absorption and emission studies of the alkali halides. The spectra consist of transitions from the bound or quasibound vibrational levels of a shallow homopolar excited state to high‐lying vibrational levels of the ionic ground state. Differences in the onsets and cutoffs between our spectra and those of flame studies are noted and rationalized in ...


Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences between big cities and small cities in adventure tourism. The cities that are studied are Stockholm and Visby.Methodol ...


The authors tested two interventions to improve retirement savings investment decisions. In an incentive-compatible experiment, 459 participants engaged in a task simulating their working life. Periodically during the simulation, participants chose between different investment options. The authors examined the effectiveness of a "nudge" by manipulating the default option and the effectiveness of a "signpost" by manipulating the display of a pictograph summarizing the expected return of each option. Participants often followed the default option, particularly when it was "smart" (i.e., became more conservative as retirement approached) and when presented together with dynamic pictographs (i.e., updated each year assuming the investment was held until retirement). Those most likely to make optimal choices (i.e., consistent with the life cycle model) were presented with a smart default or dynamic pictographs. These findings reveal how different choice architecture interventions can be used to positively influence behavior. Retirement funds and regulators can support retirement savings decisions by the provision of smart defaults and better risk information in the form of pictographs.


Social Components and Interactions in Neopalatial Crete (1700-1450 BC). Investigation of the archaeological data The thesis offers a new evaluation of an incriminated society. Based on the available archaeological data, a case is made for an invasion of the social sphere by an ideology which will lead to the homogenisation of Crete's societies. This phenomenon appears to constitute one of the main trends of the Neopalatial period. Given the scale of this subject, this research focuses on the identification of agents who, within Neopalatial society, embody social order of which the characteristics suggest it is in turmoil. The study uses a three-pronged approach, each angle treating consecutive topics: The Negotiation of the Past, The Constructed Form and The Instrumentalisation of Religious Practices. The first angle presents an analysis of Neopalatial funerary customs "of which the discretion during this period suggests a shift within the arena of social negotiation", and of the cults of ancestry and memorabilia. These particular aspects of material culture indicate the lack of a general instrumentalisation of the concepts of perspective and eternity during the Neopalatial period's social identity formation process. The second angle focuses on the exploitation of the built environment in three tiers. Firstly the perspective of the associated social units is considered. A second part analyses the labour investment required for architectural production. Once the extent of the social networks can be perceived, one realises that it is not formalised by architecture. A third tier, dealing with the metaphors of the built environment, refutes the existence of an identification process of social units with regard to their habitat. In brief, this part emphasises the relatively loose and informal character of social networks. A third topic attempts to elucidate on the shift within the social negotiation arena, underlined by the demonstrated discretion of funerary habits, by proposing a new framework. Neopalatial rites, placed inside the palatial sphere in a privileged manner, appear to be the product of an instrumentalisation of religious practices. Indeed, the latter, analysed from the perspective of ritual practices in the palaces, peak sanctuaries, structures and representations of a religious elite and the eminently ritual nature of prestige goods, tends to exceed other forms of social expression. Beyond the variability of forms and networks of social interaction, the thesis thus presents a case for the invasion of a society in full expansion by a phenomenon which transcends it and hence envisages establishment of a new social order.


We derive for the first time the form of the spiral null geodesics around the photon sphere of the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole in the de Sitter expanding universe. Moreover, we obtain the principal parameter we need for deriving, according to our method [I. I. Cotăescu, Eur. Phys. J. C 81, 32 (2021)], the black hole shadow and the related redshift as measured by a remote observer situated in the asymptotic zone. We obtain thus a criterion of detecting charged black holes without peculiar velocities when one knows the mass, redshift and the black hole shadow.


Objective:To investigate the effects of handicraft training on the improvement of negative emotions,cognitive function and ADL in patients with post-stroke depression(PSD).Methods:Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups(group A and group B),and each group had 30 patients with PSD.The patients in both groups were treated by regular medicine therapy,antidepressant drugs and conventional rehabilitation training.The patients in group A received handicraft training additionally such as embroidery,paper cutting and paper sticking work.The changes of patients' depression,cognitive function and ADL before and after treatment were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Barthel Index(BI).Results:After treatment for 2 months,both groups showed the significant effects on the improvement of MMSE and BI scores.After treatment for 6 months,the MMSE and BI scores in group A were increased,and the scores of HAMD reduced except weight,changes in day and night,sleep disturbances subcomponents(P0.05).In group B only BI scores were increased and scores of HAMD were declined at 6th month as compared with those at 2nd month.Conclusion:Handicraft training therapy can improve depression syndrome and cognitive function.It also can enhance patients' initiative in rehabilitation training and show significant clinical therapeutic effects on rehabilitation therapy.


A multiple seating arrangement and method of assembling same is provided comprising a base on which is mounted a continuous series of hollow seat modules in over-lapping, generally contiguous relation, each module having a fastening strip at its end. A first module is secured to the base at one end by its fastening strip and at the other end by barbed (or other type) fasteners secured to the base. Succeeding modules are secured at one end over the fastening strip of the previous module in such a way as to cover the securing means passing through the fastening strip into the base. A final module is made up by removing the fastening strip of a module, placing it under the end from which the fastening strip was removed, and using part of it there to secure that end to the base by means of a barbed fastener.


PEOPLEhave ever soughtmeansof alleviating the pangsof child-birth; methodsof various sorts have beendevisedand employed. The ideal hasyet to be discovered. Most obstetricians agree that the inhalation of chloroform vapour in small doses greatly reduces or entirely abolishes the pain of normal labour and provides a blessedamnesiaat a minimum of risk to motherand child. But chloroform has certain disadvantages,chief of which perhapsis the difficulty in the regulationof dosage. "Twilight Sleep" was widely used for a number of years; it has fallen into desuetude with some medical practitionersbecause,amongother reaS011S, it may producea stateof apnoea ofthe newly born infant. More recently, nitrous oxide and oxygen, spinal ansesthetlcs, the barbiturates,and "Avertin" have been employed. Each method has its adherents. If an estimation of relative value can be madeby a considerationof the popularity of the various methods, chloroform analgesia must be regardedas the most generally satisfactory. It is interestingto note the remarksof L. C. Rivett, who believesthat he has deviseda method whereby the pains of normal labour may be alleviated in 90% of .cases, under all eonditions.! Chloroform was the fi·rst anrestheticto be used in labour. Its use was advocatedby Simpson over eighty years ago; Rivett believes it is still the best for analgesia, though not for surgical anresthesiain obstetrical operations. He remarks that it is not "generally realized what a small amount of chloroform is requiredto abolish completelyall sensationof pain in labour". Ansesthesia,even very light ansesthesia, is not requiredat all; in fact, "it is detrimentalto the progressof labour. Little more than the smell of chloroform producesa stateof analgesiain which the patient does not feel any pain, yet is conscious of every uterine contraction;'and is able to bear down to assistthe expulsionof the child." Chloroform may be administeredduring the first stageof labour, as soon asthe uterine contractionsbegin to hurt, and, providing it is given in very small dosesand only during the contractions,its administration may be continuedfor twelve hours, if necessary, without any ill effect. Towards the end of the second stage chloroform should be given continuously. Rivett goes on tosay that, given in this way, chloroform does not retard the progress of labour; rather does it seem actually to shorten the duration of labour, especiallythe secondstage. The uterine contractionsoccur at longer intervals and are less powerful than when no chloroform is administered;but this apparentdisadvantageis counterbalancedby a decreasein the resistanceof the soft parts, due to the abolition of the pain reflex, which normally causesspasmof the cervix and the levator ana. Chloroform has been administeredduring the secondstageof labour to over two thousand women at Queen Charlotte's Hospital. Therewas no untowardresult in any of these cases,though in a few the desired analgesia was not produced, and, very rarely, a state of excitement developed. Rivett suggests that the stateof excitementoccurredbecausethe administration of chloroform was commencedtoo late in the courseof labour. He points out that the incidence of the applicationof forceps was not increasedand perineallacerationwas no more frequent. Similar results have been obtained at the Middlesex Hospital. Rivett remarks that at least half of the confinements in England and Wales are conducted by midwives. In other casesit is impracticable for


Pleural diseases (as pleural effusions, pleural masses, pleural plaques, diffuse pleural thickening and pleural tumors) affect over 3000 subjects per million populations each year. Diseases of the pleura can be broadly classified into benign and malignant. The incidence of malignant pleural mesothelioma is increasing worldwide. Imaging of the pleura can be challenging and it plays an important role in the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients with pleural diseases. This study aimed to compare the efficiency and reliability of Multidetector Computed tomography (MDCT) and Transthoracic Ultrasound (TUS) in diagnosis of pleural disease. Patients and Methods: This study included 71 patients with pleural disease. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, full clinical examination, MDCT chest and TUS examination. The patients included in the study were classified according to the pathology of the lesions into Group A (51 patients with malignant lesions) and Group B (included 20 patients with nonmalignant lesions), The malignant patients included in the study were classified according to the pathology of the lesions into Group A1 (24 patients with primary malignant lesions) and Group A2 (27 patients cases with secondary malignant lesions). Conclusion: MDCT scan of the pleura is less sensitive than TUS in detection of pleural nodules, masses, pleural thickening, adhesion and also in detecting lung masses. However TUS examination of the pleura – in the presence of adequate window –could suspect nature of lung mass by Dupplex study, Yet TUS examination of the pleura is a localized examination and can't be applied to whole chest without prior guidance by radiology either CXR or MDCT.


This paper points out that urbanization is the result of industrial production and its optimal development level is decided by the labor population demanded by industrialization.Several layered industrialization level lie in China and are different from each other by industrialization level and development path.Therefore,this paper contends that:firstly,setting up urbanization proportion index to measure urbanization without influence of the size of industrialization level;secondly,setting up a new CCR urbanization evaluation model based on DEA and finding out the proper reference based on provincial data.Finally,it proposes the layered urbanization development strategy,which signifies that reference should be chosen according to the practical situation to regularize regional urban development strategy and policy.


Creativity has become a crucial topic in several disciplines such as computational creativity. Co-creativity is a rapidly growing research field in designing creative systems and artificial intelligence (AI) agents. Co-creative systems can use neuroscience to detect temporal activations to both control aspects of the user interaction and validate creativity theories. This work briefly introduces co-creative and computational creativity, presents the recent works of co-creative agent. It also introduces my future study of investigating divergent and convergent thinking in developing co-creative systems, reports my progress in research and doctoral program


How do the educational trajectories of young people develop differently at the transition between lower and upper secondary education and training – even amongst students labelled as disadvantaged with regard to social background, gender or ethnicity? The aim of the article is to understand the role of decision-making in the emergence of educational trajectories. Based on the analysis of qualitative interviews with students from schools in disadvantaged areas, patterns of educational trajectories are discerned with regard to the ruptures they involve, the destinations they take and the degree of choice young people have. The in-depth analysis of exemplary cases, however, reveals that even within similar patterns of trajectories decision-making processes occur in different ways. Therefore, constellations of decision-making are elaborated which cross-cut the patterns of educational trajectories. The fact that both institutional structures of different education systems and individual biographical orientations do make a difference reveals the complexity of educational trajectories in the interplay of structure and agency.


In this study, we explored a coplanar barrier discharge apparatus for material modification. The apparatus is introduced and several ways are proposed for fabricating the apparatus. The parameters are optimized and proposed experimentally. The results show the electrode distance and the dielectric layer thickness are very important for the discharge performance. When the electrode distance is 0.5 mm, the dielectric layer thickness is 25m, the coplanar barrier discharge plasma appears on the device in air at 760 torr.


According to the characteristic that genetic algorithm can easily acquire entirely optimal answer, image edge feature is detected firstly using Shenjun edge detecting operator in this paper and then GA is improved. In order to satisfy the demand of stereo matching, chromosome express method, the fitness function and corresponding genetic operators are designed. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and of great practical value.


Rheological properties of underfills were measured at dispensing temperatures. The surface energy of different substrates and wetting angles of underfills on the substrates were also measured and showed differences between different substrates. It was observed that the viscosity of an underfill and substrate wetting have a strong impact on the formation of flow voids. A video underfill flow metrology was developed for flow void observation. The correlation between underfill, substrate properties, and flow voids formation based on. the video flow metrology measurement will be discussed. We will also discuss how to optimize the underfill and substrate properties to minimize the flow voids.