To the Editor. —In the article from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 1 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) consensus is described as having "resulted in a new standard for detecting GBS [group B streptococcal] colonization in pregnant women. Vaginal-rectal cultures should be obtained at 35 to 37 weeks of gestation and be performed using selective broth media." The impression given by Dr Nightingale is that this is the recommended strategy. In fact, the May 31, 1996, CDC publication 2 stated, "Obstetric care practitioners, in conjunction with supporting laboratories and labor and delivery facilities, should adopt a strategy for the prevention of early onset GBS disease." Two strategies are offered. One provides for obtaining cultures from women at 35 to 37 weeks, and the other for treatment only of women with risk factors as specified by the CDC. While it is not surprising that the lay press and


P and converted S waves observed in refraction stations FF1, FF2, and FF4 of the 1959 Fanfare cruise of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography are analyzed by synthetic seismogram modeling of the data using the reflectivity algorithm and by inversion of the P and S wave travel time data to obtain extremal bounds on the P and S velocity (vp and vs) profiles. While the FF1 data are inadequate for detailed analysis, the FF2 and FF4 data yield vp profiles displaying rapidly increasing velocity with depth in layer 2, a small velocity discontinuity between layers 2 and 3, gently increasing velocity with depth in layer 3, and a 1-km-thick Moho transition. The vs profiles for FF2 and FF4 show rapidly increasing velocity with depth in layer 2, fairly uniform velocities in the top of layer 3, a slight low-velocity zone extending through most of layer 3, and a 1-km-thick Moho transition. Using theories of seismic wave velocities in cracked media and a laboratory velocity measurement made on a basalt sample from this site, a porosity of 18% is inferred for the top of the igneous crust at this site. A further reduction of porosity to 2% can explain the observed velocity gradients only to a depth of 0.6 km into the igneous crust. In the 0.8- to 1.5-km depth interval, Poisson's ratio appears to drop below 0.27 to a minimum of 0.24, which may indicate a zone of trondhjemites or other quartz-rich rocks at this depth or which may be related to state of fluid saturation of the rocks. Within layer 3, observed vp and vs agree well with laboratory velocity measurements of ophiolite samples from the western U.S. and from the Bay of Islands, Newfoundland. The observed velocities suggest the disappearance of hornblende and the appearance of augite and olivine with increasing depth in layer 3. There is no evidence for more than 30% serpentine anywhere within the crust or upper mantle at this site, except possibly within unresolvably thin zones or pods. Evidence is also given which suggests that velocities and velocity gradients in the shallow crust may be partly controlled by differential pressure (externally applied pressure minus pore fluid pressure) and its spatial gradients and that laboratory velocity measurements made on water-saturated basalt samples at zero differential pressure are more representative of in situ velocities in the shallow crust than lab measurements made at which are usually employed as in situ conditions, namely, elevated externally applied pressure and zero pore fluid pressure. The factors affecting the efficiency of shear wave conversion at the sea floor are investigated, and the important role of basement vp and especially vs are shown. Since basement vs is very sensitive to fracture geometry, the high lateral variability of shear wave conversion may be related to variability in the extent and character of basement porosity. A useful explosive source function for marine synthetic modeling is presented, and a nomenclature for marine seismic phases is suggested.


Most of the emphasis in machine learning has been placed on parametric models in which the purpose of the learning algorithm is to adjust weights mainly according to appropriate optimization criteria. However, schemes based on a direct data inference, like for instance K-nearest neighbor, have also become quite popular. Recently, a number of people have proposed methods to perform classification and regression that are based on different forms of diffusion processes from the labelled examples. The aim of this paper is to provide motivations for diffusion learning from the continuum setting by using Tikhnov's regularization framework. Diffusion learning is discussed in both the continuous and discrete setting and an intriguing link is established between the Green function of the regularization operators and the structure of the graph in the corresponding discrete structure. It is pointed out that an appropriate choice of the smoothing operators allows one to implement a regularization that gives rise to Green functions whose corresponding matrix is sparse, which imposes a corresponding structure on the graph associated to the training set. Finally, the choice of the smoothness operator is given a Bayesian interpretation in terms of prior probability on the expected values of the function.


Stability problems of slopes can arise from various factors such as geometrical, geological, seismic etc. For many years, conventional methods such as limit equilibrium method, numerical methods, and statistical methods have been successfully utilized to predict the stability of slopes. On the other hand, several machine learning (ML) attempts have been made for predicting slope stability using datasets available in the literature. The present study aims to build classification models for the assessment of the stability of slopes using the Ranger algorithm. A total of 168 cases with six input parameters (slope height, unit weight, slope angle, cohesion, pore water pressure ratio, and internal friction angle) are used to generate models. In the first step, random forest (RF) feature importance scores of the six features are determined and five different prediction models were produced by reducing the feature numbers of the dataset. The developed models are then assessed using performance metrics and results are compared to choose the best prediction model. According to the obtained results, the feature importance-based feature ranking and subset selection approach (i.e., RF feature importance) affect the performance of the models. It is observed that from the RF feature importance scores, the unit weight is found to be the most influencing feature that affects the stability of slopes for the studied dataset. In addition, the Ranger model developed with five features (Model IV) achieves the highest test accuracy with a value of 90%.


In this article we prove that the heat equation with a memory term on the one-dimensional torus has a unique solution and we study the smoothness properties of this solution. These properties are related with some smoothness assumptions imposed to the initial data of the problem and to the source term.


The in vitro effect of sheep erythropoietin on bone marrow cells was studied in order to elucidate its point of action. It was concluded that erythropoietin in vitro acts primarily or exclusively on stem cells and does not have a measurable effect on differentiated nucleated red blood cells or on reticulocytes. Attempts to isolate and study stem cells by freezing or by long or short term culture were not successful.


The aim of this research work is to enhance the bandwidth of an octagonal shaped microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose stacking concept has been used. Electromagnetic coupling is provided between the top and bottom patch. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having er=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025.The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (RSMPA) and Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Antenna (RSMA). The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.29 GHz and 5.49 GHz. So this antenna is applicable for the WiMax application. This electromagnetic coupled antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.08%. This is approximately five times higher than that in a RSMPA antenna (Bandwidth = 4.43%) having the same dimensions. General Terms Microstrip Patch Antenna, Gain, IE3D, VSWR


Agreement between Australia and the Argentine Republic concerning cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy (with annex). Canberra, 8 August 2001


Purpose
Because of the specific structure and working mechanism, piston speed is only half of its shaft, which causes severally friction between piston and cylinder. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the friction and wear characteristics of the incomplete spherical piston in spherical pump comprehensively. Finally, to search the low-friction and wear-resistance structural pattern of the piston, and enhance the durability of spherical pump.

Design/methodology/approach
The non-linear frictional moment model for incomplete spherical piston in spherical pump was derivated quantificationally. Parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted to find the low-friction structural pattern of the piston. The theoretical wear model of piston–cylinder pair is proposed as well.

Findings
To reduce the frictional moment between incomplete piston and cylinder, the optimised diameter ratio between piston pin and piston should be 0.12 based on the parameter sensitivity analyses. The maximum frictional moment is approximately 2.5 times of the minimum. The total efficiency should be considered synthetically based on the thickness of specific working medium.

Originality/value
The proposed non-linear frictional moment model offers the quantitative estimations. Parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted to find the low-friction structural pattern of the piston. The wear behaviours of the piston and cylinder were analysed to investigate the wear characteristics of the piston.


The main purpose of serious games is to train or educate. The use of serious games in class has the potential to provide an exciting and effective learning environment. Many studies report that the built-in motivation features of serious games can motivate and inspire students to be problem solvers. Introducing serious games into classroom and the potential value thereof has received wide attention recently. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to identify the factors the influence the perceptions of computer science students towards serious games in class. A quantitative research approach involving the administration of a structured questionnaire to computer science students was used to collect data for the study. Data were collected at two different university campuses. The questionnaire included questions on demographics and attitudes towards serious games in class. The study revealed that computer science students have a positive attitude towards the use of serious games in class and realise the potential benefits of using serious games in class. Factors that influence students' perceptions towards serious games in class were found to be usefulness, ease of use, self-efficacy, help facilitation and enjoyment. Negativity, indicating that some students might be bored and frustrated using serious games in class, was also detected. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n21p413


The German city of Cologne woke up yesterday without a memory. (Boyes, 2009) In March of this year we were both struck by an image in the Times Online of a collapsed archives building in Cologne, which, before becoming a 'pile of smouldering brickwork', had held the manuscripts of Karl Marx, the letters of Friedrich Hegel, edicts issued by Napoleon and King Louis XIV, and an early document dating back to 922 (Boyes, 2009). The event was suggestive enough, yet the newspaper account was arguably even more so. The headline ran 'The city without a memory' and the article noted that 'There was even less warning of the collapse of the building than would have been given during a nuclear attack'. Even the typos were evocative, with an image caption rather endearingly referring to the 'six-story' building. Inevitably the loss was read through the prism of other, prior losses – some of the documents 'had been recovered from library buildings smashed by Allied bombing during the Second World War', the damage was compared to that caused by a fire in the Anna Amalia library in Weimar 2004, and a reader (Jessica of Indianapolis) commented 'It's the library in Alexandria all over again.' Intriguingly, it was also read in terms of future losses: John of Vancouver chastised the archive for not having digitised the documents, while Daniel of London opined 'This story will trouble my sleep. My epiphany, my moment of clarity may have been prompted by a piece of literature now lost. I shall never know.' Of course, these statements are both overblown and incomplete. What we would add to them is that while Cologne may have woken up without an archive, it has not woken up without a memory (Taylor, 2003). Yet this event, its reporting, and the response to it seem to literalise a cultural moment in which memory collapses under its own weight, in which citizens (both local and global) are traumatised both by the event (what has happened), and the non-event (what was never to happen – they will never read that book that they were unlikely to read anyway). In fact, it seems to speak to the parallel conversations taking place across trauma studies, memory studies, and performance studies, for how it positioned notions of the "unspeakable" familiar to trauma discourse, alongside notions of the "restorative" or "repeatable" familiar to memory discourse. Hence to write about performing the ends of memory is to write at the intersection of two prefixes: the 're' and the 'un', where one can simultaneously mourn the loss of Marx and Hegel's original documents and nonetheless celebrate their endless repetition(s) in contemporary research in the Humanities. As a post-discipline, performance studies attempts to find pathways through these oppositional pulls, where performance itself is at once recollective and generative, an unrepeatable event that is nonetheless constituted through acts of repetition.


Combined with a project,it elaborates the cantilever construction technology of hanging basket of continuous concrete box girder,points out that the key of box girder cantilever construction is linear control,and the quality control of concrete appearance and interior prestressed construction,and puts forward detailed construction quality control measures.


With  the  increasing  demand  of  location‐based  services,  neural  network  (NN)‐based intelligent  indoor  localization  has  attracted  great  interest  due  to  its  high  localization  accuracy. However, deep NNs are usually affected by degradation and gradient vanishing. To fill this gap, we propose  a novel  indoor  localization  system,  including denoising NN  and  residual  network (ResNet),  to predict  the  location of moving object by  the channel  state  information  (CSI).  In  the ResNet, to prevent overfitting, we replace all the residual blocks by the stochastic residual blocks. Specially,  we  explore  the  long‐range  stochastic  shortcut  connection  (LRSSC)  to  solve  the degradation  problem  and  gradient  vanishing.  To  obtain  a  large  receptive  field without  losing information, we leverage the dilated convolution at the rear of the ResNet. Experimental results are presented  to  confirm  that  our  system  outperforms  state‐of‐the‐art methods  in  a  representative indoor environment.


Shen et al. identify the linear ubiquitin ligase complex LUBAC as a novel regulator of ciliogenesis and further mechanistically explain that LUBAC regulates ciliogenesis by promoting the removal of CP110 on the mother centriole. Their findings provide insights into ciliary functions and ciliopathies during development.


The increase in longevity achieved at present, the population has determined a striking increase in the prevalence of certain diseases and in other cases, the emergence of new forms of illness and during different life stages (1). Osteoporosis is defined as a decrease in bone mass associated with the deterioration of bone tissue architecture and increased fracture risk, has become a serious public health problem in our society that affects a wide strata of the population age variable, though increasingly common among younger (2). There are two types of osteoporosis, primary and secondary. Primary osteoporosis is rare affecting one case per 100,000 subjects. For high school, its frequency is higher, being secondary to diseases or drug therapies. Table 1 shows the main causes that can lead to a primary or secondary osteoporosis. The bone will undergo changes during growth reaching its peak during the second decade. After the fourth decade, there is progressive increase in bone loss that mainly affects trabecular tissue at both the peripheral and axial. Accordingly, it is during childhood when determining events occur in the development of adequate bone mineralization and bone mass final (3). It is now accepted that osteoporosis in the adult subject has its origins in childhood. Accordingly, the prevention of it would begin with the empowerment of those factors that promote the acquisition of optimal bone mass development. Now if we take into account the dietary habits and sedentary marking between the current youth population, we can glimpse the high risk of developing the disorder to an increasingly early age (3). During the first decade of life, the appendicular skeleton is growing faster than the axial. Also, the bone mineralization process starts in utero found strongly influenced by calcium intake during growth. However, calcium requirements vary throughout life, being greatest during the first years of life and in times such as puberty, pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, the loss of bone mass increases with age and accelerates with menopause. In this sense, it is advisable to increase the intake of calcium from the perimenopause. For pediatric patients, there is a relationship between bone mass and size. However, in periods like puberty and after the pubertal growth spurt can be established called an imbalance between the rate of bone growth rate and increased bone mass resulting from this transient increase in bone fragility (4).


New, reduced national landslide inventories have been created for Spain, Cyprus and Andorra for collaborative pan-European landslide susceptibility assessments at 1 km and 200 m cell size (ELSUS maps). To this end, a vast amount of available documents of various types and in various languages have been collected and analyzed, followed by the extraction and validation of landslides on natural slopes and the precise geolocation of their centroids in Google Earth, using also other publicly accessible WMS imagery and topographic maps when necessary. To cope with the heterogeneous content and quality of the information sources, a harmonized, simplified landslide classification has been implemented for the three countries, including rock falls or topples, slides, flows, and unclassified landslides. The latter include landslides of unspecified or non-standard type, as well as those occasionally reported as complex. In addition to the centroid coordinates, attributes for all the registered landslides comprise a unique identifier, territorial units, geology (lithology and system), which is essential for landslide susceptibility assessment, location accuracy, and bibliographical references. Information on temporal occurrence, state of activity and impact is only available for a small part of the landslide records in Spain and Andorra, not in Cyprus. Statistical analysis of the landslides geographical distribution, attributes and information sources is shown per country. Deficiencies in the published documents and WMS tools used are discussed as well as how these are addressed in the inventories. Currently, over 3500 landslides are registered in Spain's ALISSA (Abridged Landslide Inventory of Spain for synoptic Susceptibility Assessment), 400 in Cyprus inventory and 60 in that of Andorra, all in ArcGIS Geodatabase format. Although the amount of inventoried landslides is still limited, their coverage fairly reflects the spatial distribution of landslideprone areas in these countries, which make them suitable also for small to medium scale nationwide landslide susceptibility mapping. In addition, the bibliographical references can allow to extract additional information, including landslide boundaries, for numerous landslides for engineering works and for further landslide zoning in some areas. URI: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2015AM/webprogram/Paper262563.html [1] Authors: HERVAS Javier Publication Year: 2015 Science Areas: Environment and climate change [2]


This paper introduced the fabrication and characterization of magnetic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) magnetic elastomer composites filled with nickel particles and nickel fibers, respectively. Sample preparation was carried out by speed mixing and curing at room temperature. The PDMS composites were exposed to a magnetic field prior to full curing in order to facilitate nickel particle or nickel fiber alignment. Composites with different weight ratios of nickel fillers were prepared and tested to determine the influence of nickel filler concentration on their morphology and magnetic properties. The structure and morphology of the PDMS–nickel membrane were observed, showing that the nickel fillers were uniformly distributed in the PDMS matrix. The magnetic properties of the magnetic elastomer composites were also characterized by a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The results showed that the saturation magnetization of the composites increased with increasing nickel filler concentration, and the measured saturation magnetization agreed well with predictions that assumed the morphology of the nickel–PDMS membrane.


The invention relates to a method for determining phase correction parameters for a phase correction in the MR image data, and a magnetic resonance device. In this case, first and second phase correction data sets are detected (32). Correlations between data of the second and first data of the phase correction data set are calculated (33). Phase correction parameters, such as coefficients of a power series that approximates a course of a phase difference between the phase waveforms of the second and first phase correction data records are determined (34, 35).


This paper investigates modeling of a submarine cable connected with an offshore wind farm for a transients' analysis comparing fundamental experimental results. This study make clear an effect of reflection waves at the interface between an aerial part and an underwater part of the cable in an offshore wind farm can be expressed as a series connection of cables with different modal components. In ATP simulations, an underwater cable can be treated as a buried cable in the ground with equivalent resistivity A simulate result shows a significant wave deformation depending on a quite slow mode 0 component in the water. It is confirmed that resistivity of water and the permittivity of the corrosion proof layer of the cable should be pay attention for such kinds of investigations.


We solve numerically the Monge–Ampere equation with periodic boundary condition using a Newton's algorithm. We prove convergence of the algorithm, and present some numerical examples, for which a good approximation is obtained in 10 itera


Sargassum is one of the morphologically most complex phaeophyceaen genera, and is divided into subgenera, sections, subsections, series and species groups based on highly polymorphic characters. Recent DNA analyses have highlighted incongruities in the traditional classification of the genus and especially within Sargassum subg. Sargassum sect. Acanthocarpicae. Our goal was to re-assess the relationships among taxa currently attributed to this section in the Pacific basin. We undertook the taxonomic study in two main steps: (1) the morphological examination of large collections from inter-tropical Pacific islands and type specimens from worldwide localities; and (2) DNA analyses using a set of three markers (ITS-2, partial rbcLS-operon, cox3). Morphological and DNA analyses confirmed that S. sect. Acanthocarpicae is based on unsuitable morphological characters and is not monophyletic. On the basis of this study, we propose (1) abandoning subsections within S. sect. Acanthocarpicae; (2) synonymization of S. sect. Acanthocarpicae and sect. Malacocarpicae with sect. Sargassum; and (3) the elevation of S. ser. Ilicifoliae and ser. Binderianae to sectional rank as well as their re-description according to new sets of morphological characters.


The roles and actions of measurement payment a nd project changes in whole construction process are analyzed as well as the relat ions between them; at the same time according to the measurement and payment wor k discussion is carried out. In the end the necessity to examine the project cha nges and related auditing items are proposed.


The appliances,methods and chemicals of trunk injection are reviewed.The translocation,degeneration and residue of chemicals in trees are also discussed.Finally,some suggestions about how to develop the trunk injection technique are given.


This working paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of the reform of the Common Aqricultural policy (CAP) considering both its effects on farmers in the European Community (EC) and on farmers in third countries. The new questions raised by the Uruguay round of the GATT (General Aqreement on Tariffs and Tax) and the start up of the sinqle Market in Europe are considered in order to examine the possible effects on agricultural income with special reference to family farms in the south of Europe. In the case of Spain, data are presented for possible effects of restructuring work occasioned by the reform.


ICT integration has become one of the most crucial areas of research in education especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. As research suggests, its integration is highly dependent on the level of competence and willingness of usage, for it is the individual who ultimately decides to integrate ICT into their learning activities. The present study focuses on graduate students and teachers' experiences of integrating ICT during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the experience of these actors can bring insight into better ways to improve the design and implementation of professional development initiatives focused on ICT integration. In this study, the perceptions from students and teachers were collected through questionnaires and interviews analyzing their experience during the drastic transition from face-to-face sessions to remote learning. Results of this study suggest that, while ICT is accepted as the best possible alternative during the first period of the transition, students and teachers perceive a limited level of competence in instructional design. These results and its implications are discussed in view of guidelines for professional development initiatives.


Although boric acid and other boron compounds have been used since the 1800s as insecticides, their mode of action is not well understood. Borate salts, in particular sodium and zinc formulations, are effective wood preservatives and are used extensively in Hawai'i to protect building materials from termite attack. In order to determine whether different borate salts elicit different responses in Coptotermesformosanus Shiraki, workers (undifferentiated individuals) were collected from field colonies maintained in Honolulu, Hawai'i, and exposed to composite board samples of different borate salt formulations in the laboratory. The treatments included zinc borate (ZB) (0.88% and 0.18%), disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) (ZB and DOT in a 60/40 and 80/20 ratio), anhydrous boric acid (B 2 O 3 ) (60/40 and 80/20 ZB/B 2 O 3 ), and an untreated composite board control. Activity and mortality data were recorded over a 4-week period; results suggest the concentration of boron in the wood sample, rather than the associated salt, has a greater impact on termite feeding, and that anhydrous boric acid reduces termite feeding more rapidly than the other formulations tested. Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to determine boron ingestion after five days of exposure to high-concentration (ZB 0.88%, 60/40 ZB/DOT or 60/40 ZB/B 2 O 3 ) boron treated timber. DOT consumption resulted in slightly higher boron concentrations than B 2 O 3 (324.2 and 306.3 mean μg/g boron, respectively), and ZB 0.88% (170.0 μg/g) was intermediate between those two treatments and the control (30.2 Hg/g). The DOT and B 2 O 3 treatments were an order of magnitude greater than the composite board control.


Research subject. Geological features of the structure and composition of the Syuzevskoye diamond placer in the Aleksandrovsky region of the Perm Krai. The placer was found in the border zone of two regional tectonic structures of the Urals: the Western Ural outer folding zone and the Central Ural uplift. This placer was developed within the erosion-karst (?), erosion-structural or tectonically determined Chikman-Nyarskaya depression. Materials and methods. The placer was identified in the period from 2017 to 2022 during a geological study of the subsoil area "Glubokiy" (License PEM 02687 KP LLC "Almining"). Mining and enrichment works were carried out according to the original enrichment scheme using the clamshell sampling method, heavy media and electromagnetic separation. The morphometric characteristics of several hundred diamonds were identified and described; reports were prepared; and reserves were assessed. Results. In the section of the Syuzevskoye placer, two diamond-bearing strata are clearly distinguished, separated by poor- and non-diamond-bearing deposits; anomalously high seam thickness for the Ural placers (up to 14-16 m) was established; high areal productivity of the placer (up to 0.7-1.2 ct/m2) and high diamond content (up to 0.5 ct/m3 per sample and an average of 0.09 ct/m3 for the placer). The placer is attributed to the type of placers of tectonic scarp zones. Reserves of alluvial diamonds weighing 430.5 thousand ct of the Syuzevskoye deposit are estimated at C1 + C2 categories in the area limited by the area between exploration lines 107-116 (size 1000 x 750 m); approved by the Minutes of the GKZ Rosnedra No. 7139 dated November 18, 2022 and will be increased. Certificate No. PEM 23 DRK 10147 confirming the discovery of a mineral deposit, issued by the Federal Agency for Subsoil Use of the Russian Federation to LLC Almining on March 29, 2023. Over 90% of diamonds are of gem quality. The average mass of crystals in the reserve calculation loop is 87 mg, and behind the loops is 29 mg. The leading size classes by mass -8 + 4 and -4 + 2 mm are 93.9% and 72.3% in quantity with an average mass of a diamond crystal of 99.9 mg. The shape is dominated by dodecahedroids (66.9%), less fragments of crystals with an unpreserved shape (14.9%) and fragments of crystals (13.1%); octahedrons (2.4%) and tetrahedroids (2.2%) are rare, rhombic dodecahedroids (0.4%) are rare. The preservation of crystals is good: full crystals make up 63.7%, fragments of crystals - 16.3%, fragments - 12.9%. Most of the crystals do not have wear (42.4%), or have weak wear of the tops and ribs (43.0%), medium and strong wear was noted only in 13.7% of the crystals. The average cost of diamonds is estimated at 361.59 USD per 1 ct. Conclusions. A unique deep-seated diamond deposit has been discovered, which is considered as a new type of deep-seated diamond-bearing placers in tectonic ledge zones. The geological criteria for identifying such diamond deposits in the Urals were determined. A new technological scheme for prospecting and exploration of deep-seated diamond placers within erosion-karst and tectonically determined depressions was developed, which is applicable for prospecting for precious metal placers.


In this study, we propose a novel admission selection algorithm for packet services in LTE/WiMAX integrated heterogeneous wireless networks. Alterable transmission units (ATUs) are applied to improve the performance of non-real-time services. Three-dimensional Markov queuing model is used to analyze system performance. It is observed from simulation that the new algorithm can significantly reduce the blocking rate of non-real-time services and increase resource utilization without affecting real-time services performance.


Enzymes of different types influence on cholinesterase extraction from squid optical ganglia is considered. The CelloLux raises the cholinesterase extraction from frozen and dry ganglia. Influence of the Protamex and Pilorin enzyme complexes in various concentration on the cholinesterase extraction from frozen and dry ganglia is defined. Substrate specificity, activity, thermal stability, and sensitivity to organophosphorus compounds are determined for preparations of cholinesterase produced from squid ganglia with using proteolytic enzymes and ultrafiltration. Technology of partial proteolysis allows to extract from ganglia a thermostable preparation of cholinesterase with high specific activity.


Abstract Carbonyl sulphide (OCS) is an important precursor of sulphate aerosols and consequently a key species in stratospheric ozone depletion. The SPectromètre InfraRouge d'Absorption à Lasers Embarqués (SPIRALE) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) balloon-borne instruments have flown in the tropics and in the polar Arctic, and ground-based measurements have been performed by the Qualité de l'Air (QualAir) Fourier Transform Spectrometer in Paris. Partial and total columns and vertical profiles have been obtained to study OCS variability with altitude, latitude, and season. The annual total column variation in Paris reveals a seasonal variation with a maximum in April–June and a minimum in November–January. Total column measurements above Paris and from SWIR balloon-borne instrument are compared with several MkIV measurements, several Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) stations, aircraft, ship, and balloon measurements to highlight the OCS total column decrease from tropical to polar latitudes. OCS high-resolution in situ vertical profiles have been measured for the first time in the altitude range between 14 and 30 km at tropical and polar latitudes. OCS profiles are compared with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite measurements and show good agreement. Using the correlation between OCS and N2O from SPIRALE, the OCS stratospheric lifetime has been accurately determined. We find a stratospheric lifetime of 68 ± 20 years at polar latitudes and 58 ± 14 years at tropical latitudes leading to a global stratospheric sink of 49 ± 14 Gg S y−1.


Five varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Intesar, Rabbea'a, Abo-Chreebe3, Adnaniya and al-Eaz) and their half diallel crosses were used to study of the following quantitative characters grain yield per plant, number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spikes, 100 grain weight and, harvest index. The study included estimation of genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlation between grain yield and its components. The results give phenotypic correlation was positive and highly significant between grain yield and each of number of spikes per plant and 100 grain weight. while The results give genetic correlation was negative and highly significant between number of spikes per plant and 100 grain weight. Environmental correlation give the result positive and significant between grain yield and each of number of spikes per plant, number of grains per spikes and 100 grain weight. The genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient analysis showed that number of per spike had the highly direct effects on grain yield, 100 grain weight and harvest index. The determination coefficient showed the number of spikes per plant and 100 grain weight was the most important trait was 9.82% and 8.71% respectively, the joint effects 10.99%. It can be dependent for improve the yield bread wheat.


The relationship of anuran breeding site biodiversity to land use was examined in southeast Kansas, USA. Eight breeding pools or temporary ponds were sampled from March to July 1995. Each site has some adjacent woodland, but varied in the remaining adjacent land use. Two sites were relatively unimpact- ed reference or "natural" sites, two were impacted by abandoned coal or lead/zinc mines, and four were impacted by cropland. Adult density was determined with visual and audio censuses. Tadpoles were exam- ined for malformations and density was estimated. Eggs were collected from the sites, hatched in the laboratory, and examined for malformations. Total audio anuran density was statistically higher (ANOVA, P 315.1/ha agricultural > 262.0/ha mined) but were not statistically different. Tadpole densities were significantly (P<0.05) higher in nat- ural area breeding pools (137.6/m 2 ) compared to agricultural (59.4/m 2 ) and mined areas (28.5/m 2 ). The percentage of tadpoles with malformations was significantly lower (P<0.05) in natural areas (0.4%) compared to agricultural (4.6%) and mining (8.3%). Malformations found in the field included spinal cord, optic, edemas, and tumors. Eggs incubated from natural sites had significantly (P<0.05) higher percentages of eggs hatch- ing successfully (98.8%) and lower percentages of tadpoles with malformations (17.5%) than did eggs from agricultural (88.2% and 51.0%, respectively) and mined areas (40.4% and 76.1%, respectively). Eggs incubat- ed from natural sites also had the lowest malformation rate (17.5%) compared to eggs from agricultural sites (51.0%) and mined sites (76.1%), but these differences were not statistically different. These data provide evi- dence for the link between land use and the individual and population characteristics of anurans in breeding pools.


Endorsement of masculine norms has been identified as a factor contributing to men's lower rates of seeking professional help for physical and emotional distress, compared with women. To better understand the mechanisms for men's help seeking, in the present study, we applied the framework of self-determination theory (SDT), a theory of development and motivation, (Ryan & Deci, 2000b) to the domain of self-help groups (SHGs). To the SDT framework, we incorporated endorsement of the masculine norms for self-reliance and emotional control as predictors of motivation for help seeking. Data came from surveys completed by 160 attendees of SHGs hosted by the Self-Help and Recovery Exchange (SHARE!) of Los Angeles County. Structural equation analysis supported a model illuminating the links between endorsement of self-reliance and emotional control, autonomous self-regulation for help seeking, fulfillment of basic psychological needs, and well-being in the domain of SHGs.


Historically, the Courts have not enforced the revenue laws of foreign governments. However, there have been developments internationally through the OECD to reverse that historic limitation on the collection of foreign country taxes. As a result of these changes Australia has adopted, in its bi-lateral tax treaties (DTAs) since 2005, a mutual assistance in tax debt collections article. These DTA changes have been reinforced with changes to Australia's domestic law. This article explores the extent to which the historical position has been altered.


This document sets forth procedures for establishing maximum emissions levels for all fossil-fuelbased thermal power plants with a capacity of 50 or more megawatts of electricity (MWe) that use coal, fuel oil, or natural gas.1 Conventional steam-producing thermal power plants generate electricity through a series of energy conversion stages: fuel is burned in boilers to convert water to high-pressure steam, which is then used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. Combined-cycle units burn fuel in a combustion chamber, and the exhaust gases are used to drive a turbine. Waste heat boilers recover energy from the turbine exhaust gases for the production of steam, which is then used to drive another turbine. Generally, the total efficiency of a combined-cycle system in terms of the amount of electricity generated per unit of fuel is greater than for conventional thermal power systems, but the combined-cycle system may require fuels such as natural gas. Advanced coal utilization technologies (e.g., fluidized-bed combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle) are becoming available, and other systems such as cogeneration offer improvements in thermal efficiency, environmental performance, or both, relative to conventional power plants. The economic and environmental costs and benefits of such advanced technologies need to be examined case by case, taking into account alternative fuel choices, demonstrated commercial viability, and plant location. The criteria spelled out in this document apply regardless of the particular technology chosen. Engine-driven power plants are usually considered for power generation capacities of up to 150 MWe. They have the added advantages of shorter building period, higher overall efficiency (low fuel consumption per unit of output), optimal matching of different load demands, and moderate investment costs, compared with conventional thermal power plants. Further information on engine-driven plants is given in Annex A.


Objective To study the clinical characteristics of pulmonary sarcoidosis and diagnostic methods.Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical and radiographic material of 5 pathology diagnosed nodular patients from Mar 2001 to Nov 2012.Results Three cases of male,while 2 cases of female,between 35 and 56 years old.2 cases had chest distress,but the other 3 cases had no clinical symptoms.The results of the chest X-ray and the CT examination showed hilar and(or) mediastinal lymphoademopathy with 2 cases of diffusional lesion in bilateral lungs.The main clin ical diagnosis method is the mediastinal nodes biopsy,via bronchoscope or mediastinoscope.Conclusion Sarcoidosis defies diagnosis,since it has no specific clinical manifestation.As to the suspicious cases of hilar and(or) mediastinal lymphoademopathy,one should take pathological examination as early as possible in order to make a diagnosis.


This book provides a comprehensive review of labor market developments in Latin America and the Caribbean over the past 15 years and sheds light on factors that are behind the generally poor creation of productive jobs in the region. The book reviews economic and labor market developments up to 2004 or 2005. Since then a number of countries in the region have experienced strong economic growth with some improvements in the labor market, not only in terms of a reduction in unemployment, but also in terms of the creation of more productive jobs. These developments are good news and underline that strong and sustainable growth is a necessary, albeit not sufficient, condition for better outcomes in the labor market. But the structural issues identified in the book are all pertinent today. Sustaining the process of economic growth and better sharing it across the different groups in the labor market require tacking these structural issues many of which have a clear policy lever. More than a decade has passed since the introduction of comprehensive macroeconomic stabilization packages and trade, fiscal, and financial market reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean. However, growth prospects remain disappointing; labor markets show lackluster performance, with low participation rates, high and persistent informality, and, in some cases, open unemployment. Creating viable and lasting employment is vital to reduce poverty and spread prosperity in the region. The failure to create more and more productive and rewarding jobs carries substantial political, social, and economic costs.


A War Injury of the Ear. By E. D. D. DAVIS, F.R.C.S. PRIVATE McI. received a shell wound of the left malar region immediately in front of the ear on September 6, 1917. There is slight trismus due to injury to the mandible, and loss of sight of the left eye. The left external auditory meatus shows some granulation tissue in the outer half of its roof, and there is a healing perforation of the posterior inferior quadrant of the drum. The loss of hearing is very considerable and the results of hearing tests are:


Tolerance sensitivity limits the practical application of the cross-eye jammer. Previous literature has demonstrated that retrodirective cross-eye jamming with multiple antenna elements possesses the advantage of loose tolerance requirements compared to traditional cross-eye jamming. However, the previous analysis was limited, because there are still some factors affecting the parameter tolerance of the multiple-element retrodirective cross-eye jamming (MRCJ) system and they have not been investigated completely, such as the loop difference, the baseline ratio and the jammer-to-signal ratio. This paper performs a comprehensive tolerance analysis of the MRCJ system with a nonuniform-spacing linear array. Simulation results demonstrate the tolerance effects of the above influence factors and give reasonable advice for easing tolerance sensitivity.


Analysis of classical Maxwell's equations reveals following peculiarities: 1. In a general case there exists no solution for the classical system; 2. If there is a solution, it can be represented as a superposition of transversal waves propagating with light's velocity "c" and quasi-electrostatic conditions setting in instantly over the whole space. It means, that notwithstanding the settled opinion the Maxwell's equations are not compatible with the special theory of relativity. Modified Maxwell's equations are given in this paper possessing following features: 1. There exists always a solution to them; 2. This solution is a superposition of transversal and longitudinal waves, the latter propagating with a velocity c1 > c; 3. Electrostatic conditions are setting in by passing of the longitudinal wave; 4. If the scalar potential is equal to zero, solutions for classical and modified systems coincide, i.e. both systems give the same description for magnetic fields; 5. In a general case solution for the modified system transforms itself into solution for the classical system by c1 → ∞. Classical as well as modified systems are shown to be not suitable for a correct description of interactions between the nucleus and electrons of an atom. A way to creating a new electrodynamics based on more strict principles not using quantification is shown. 1 Classical electrodynamics Classical Maxwell's equations are described and interpreted in this section using mechanical terms. It was exactly electrodynamics, which was the source of the opinion about ∗Zhilin P.A. Classical and Modified Electrodynamics // Proc. of Int. Conf. New Ideas in Natural Sciences. Part I – Physics. P. 73–82. 1996. St. Petersburg. Russia. 642 p. (Zhilin P.A. Reality and Mechanics // Proceedings of XXIII Summer School "Nonlinear Oscillations in Mechanical Systems", St. Petersburg, Russia, 1996. P. 6–49. In Russian.) Classical and Modified Electrodynamics 33 mechanistical description of Universe being basically limited and useless for investigation of electromagnetic processes. Subsequently I intend to refute this point of view. In the modern physics Maxwell's equations are considered to be something like divine revelation, thus being just postulated. In their canonical form they can be written as follows [3, p.76] ∇ ·E = ρ e0 , ∇× E = − c ∂B ∂t , ∇ ·B = 0, ∇× B = 1 c ∂E ∂t + 1 e0c j , (1) where ρ represents density of charge, j being current's density, i.e. velocity of the charge's flow through a unit of area. The modern version is given here, which does not coincide with J.Maxwell's point of view: to Maxwell's opinion current is not necessarily connected with motion of charges. The latter circumstance will be shown to be quite significant. From (1) following condition of solvability can be obtained: ∇ · j = −∂ρ/∂t. (2) Remark. Physicists prefer to call equation (2) a law of charge conservation considering it to be a law of Nature. From mechanical point of view generally there exist no laws of conservation, but only balance equations for certain quantities. In particular, the local charge balance equation can be written as follows: ∇ · j = −∂ρ/∂t+ h , (3) where h represents the volumetric speed density of the charge supplied to the given system. Even if there exist some conservation laws in Nature as a whole, they are absolutely useless for rational science, for we never examine Nature as a whole and never shall be able to do it. Mechanics and physics are investigating limited material systems being able to exchange everything, including charge, with their surroundings. Conservation laws exist for a very small class of isolated systems only. Therefore, it is in no way acceptable to consider equation (2) as a law of Nature — this is just a necessary condition of solvability for classical Maxwell's equations. It plays no such role for modified Maxwell's equations described in the next section. For them it is possible to use (3) instead of (2). "In the course of time an opinion has formed itself on deduction of the Maxwell's equations being impossible on the basis of mechanical equations regardless of any generalizations made. Most theorists are convinced today: there is no need to deduct these equations, which are to be considered as a very successful, almost perfectly exact description of electromagnetic processes". This is a quotation from a quite old book being far from indisputable [4, pp.155-156]. Nevertheless, these words reflect quite correct the contemporary position. It suffices to take a cursory look at the system (1) to feel a doubt about its impeccability. First, there is a problem concerning treatment of the current. According to it, vector j is defined as speed of charge's flow through an unit of area. The system (1) is overdefined by that being insolvable in a general case. This conclusion follows just from the fact, that there are eight equations (ρ and j are given!) for six coordinates of the vectors E and B. It is to be remarked though: the third equation of (1) follows from other three equations, if it is true for any moment of time. So in fact there are seven equations for six unknown quantities contained in (1). This contradiction can be eliminated by refusing the above treatment of the current j . Consequences of such a refusal will be discussed in section 7. Main claims arising in connection with the system 34 P. A. Zhilin. Advanced Problems in Mechanics (1) concern conclusions being obtained by mechanical interpretation of this system. Let us represent it in another, but equivalent form. Now we introduce vector u satisfying following conditions: E = − 1 c ∂u ∂t , B = ∇× u . (4) The second and the third equations of the system (1) allow introduction of such a vector. It is known, that every vector u can be represented as follows: u = ∇φ+∇×Φ , ∇ ·Φ = 0, (5) where potential φ is defined up to an arbitrary function of co-ordinates. It means, that addition to φ of an arbitrary function of co-ordinates does not change electric and magnetic field. By taking into account (4) and (5) it follows from the first equation of the system (1): ∆φ = q, ∂q/∂t = −cρ/e0, (6) where function q is defined up to an arbitrary function of co-ordinates. Thus, it remains to examine the fourth equation of (1). Let us represent the current j in following form: j = ∇φ∗ +∇×Φ∗ , φ∗ = e0 c ∂φ ∂t2 , ∇ ·Φ∗ = 0. (7) Inserting these expressions into the last equation of (1), we obtain: ∆Φ − 1 c2 ∂Φ ∂t2 + 1 e0c Φ∗ = 0. (8) It is easy to make certain, that the system (4)–(8) is exactly equivalent to the system (1). It allows a simple mechanical interpretation. Let us notify: according to (7) a current is not necessarily caused by motion of charges. However, in the last case the current can be treated as motion of charges too by considering electromagnetic field as consisting from two media, one of them being a continuum of negatively charged particles and the other — a continuum of positively charged particles, total density of charge being equal to zero. A current is nothing else as motion of one medium in respect to the other in this case. By such a treatment there exists no vacuum at all. Let us now collect all the equations in one table containing two columns. In the left column there are equations of electrodynamics there, in the right one — equations of the linear dynamical theory of elasticity [5]. Classical and Modified Electrodynamics 35 Electrodynamics Theory of elasticity E = − 1 c ∂u ∂t , B = ∇× u , u = ∇φ+∇×Φ , ∇ ·Φ = 0 (I) j = ∇φ∗ +∇×Φ∗ , ∇ ·Φ∗ = 0 1 μ F = ∇φ+∇× Φ , ∇ · Φ = 0 (II)


Li et al. are to be congratulated for their thorough best evidence topic with the title "Is extended arch replacement justified for acute type A aortic dissection?" [1]. The authors claim that currently available evidence supports the use of total arch replacement in cases of type A dissection of the aorta, since there is no increased mortality with this more extended operation. The benefit from that operation, is the higher rates of false lumen thrombosis, compared with the hemiarch repair. From personal experience, I agree that more extensive arch surgery is imperative in cases where the intimal tear extends to the arch. It is crucial to include the tear to the aortic resection, in order to avoid future re-dissection with severe morbidity and mortality. However, like everything else in cardiac surgery, the benefit should be weighted against the risk of the more extended operation. At our practice, we sometimes have to sacrifice a not-so-perfect operation of a total arch replacement for an operation of a lesser extent, especially in cases of older patients who would not tolerate an extended period of circulatory arrest. Also, in cases of prolonged malperfusion with end-organ damage, a more expedited operation may have better long-term outcome. However, in all the cases where a total arch is feasible and clinically logical, it should be the surgeon's plan, in order to offer the patient the most sound operation with the least probability for future complications from the false lumen.


On the basis of taking the government and students as exogenous variables, we use some economics theories such as entrustment agency and encouragement constraction to analyze the driving force of universities development. Inspiration can be derived from this analysis in the aspect of cause, solution method, different encouragement and constraction way of different activities and different utility function for different workers.


ABSTRACT Polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from healthy donors and differentiated HL-60 cells were compared in an opsonophagocytic assay using fluorescent latex beads coated with Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide conjugates. Serum-specific phagocytosis was efficiently mediated by both sources of cells, as measured by flow cytometry, but the mean number of beads ingested per cell was three- to fivefold higher when PMNs were used than when HL-60 cells were used. Nevertheless, differentiated HL-60 cells could be a convenient and standardized source of cells to evaluate the functionality of specific antibodies to vaccine candidates as a coating on fluorescent beads.


Plasma transfers exercise benefit in mice Exercise has a broad range of beneficial healthful effects. Horowitz et al. tested whether the beneficial effects of exercise on neurogenesis in the brain and improved cognition in aged mice could be transferred in plasma (blood without its cellular components) from one mouse to another (see the Perspective by Ansere and Freeman). Indeed, aged mice that received plasma from young or old mice that had exercised showed beneficial effects in their brains without hitting the treadmill. The authors identified glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D1 as a factor in plasma that might, in part, mediate this favorable effect. Science, this issue p. 167; see also p. 144 Plasma taken from mice that exercised has restorative effects on the brain in aged mice. Reversing brain aging may be possible through systemic interventions such as exercise. We found that administration of circulating blood factors in plasma from exercised aged mice transferred the effects of exercise on adult neurogenesis and cognition to sedentary aged mice. Plasma concentrations of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)–specific phospholipase D1 (Gpld1), a GPI-degrading enzyme derived from liver, were found to increase after exercise and to correlate with improved cognitive function in aged mice, and concentrations of Gpld1 in blood were increased in active, healthy elderly humans. Increasing systemic concentrations of Gpld1 in aged mice ameliorated age-related regenerative and cognitive impairments by altering signaling cascades downstream of GPI-anchored substrate cleavage. We thus identify a liver-to-brain axis by which blood factors can transfer the benefits of exercise in old age.


Whether estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) by differing biomarkers are differentially associated with mortality or whether the associations differ by diabetes status remains unclear, especially in Chinese population.


One-dimensional nanostructure Al2O3 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method,and characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,FT-IR spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution TEM measurements techniques.The exposed crystal planes were studied by combining HRTEM pictures and FT-IR data.The connection between exposed crystal planes and surface hydroxy groups was discussed,and one possible mechanism for the formation of one-dimensional nanostructure alumina was proposed.The results showed that an individual nano-rod with the diameter(10-15) nm and the length(100-150) nm had single-crystalline structure with high crystallinity.The most probable value of pore size was 25 nm.The surface of the products presented Ⅱa hydroxy group and Ⅲ hydroxy group,and the main exposed crystal planes were(100) and(111).The formation of one-dimensional nanostructure was determined by n(OH-)∶n(Al3+).


The article defines informal political institutions in the republics of the Northern Caucasus. The author considers subjects and resources of their influence on the political space.


THE apparatus described in the present paper was designed for taking observations on the rate of absorption of oxygen by an isolated frog's muscle in any desired atmosphere, provision being made for simultaneous measurements of tension. The principle of the gas measurements is the same as that commonly employed in microrespirometric work, namely, the observation of the contraction in volume in a chamber containing the tissue, together with a little alkali, wbose function is to keep the carbon dioxide tension negligible. To record the tension, a fine wire is led from the upper end of the muscle through a fine capillary plugged with vaseline. This vaseline seal appears to be quite gastight and to cause no measurable error in the gas measurements. The apparatus consists essentially of two suitably sbaped glass vessels (A the respiration, and B the compensation, chamber) in communication with a capillary manometer showing the pressure difference between the chambers: together with a calibrated gas burette by means of which the necessary measured volumeof gas may be forced into the respiration chamber to bring the manometer to equality on the two sides. Readings of the burette give directly the volume of gas absorbed by the tissue, the correction for pressure and temperature being that for the conditions prevailing at the moment of closing the apparatus. The instrument thus consists essentially of a Barcroft differential manometer with the addition of the burette of the Winterstein microrespirometer [Winterstein, 1912]. The use of the burette has severaladvantages; that calibration of the chamber volume is unnecessary, that the pressure may be maintained constant in the respiration chamber during a prolonged experiment, and that the range of the instrument is increased, so that greater changes of volume may be measured than with a simple differential manometer of equal sensitiveness. The manometer was adopted instead of the oil drop in a horizontal tube used by Winterstein, Thunberg and others, since it possesses a much greater range for equal compactness, and it should not be subject to the curious spontaneous movements described by some wbo have used the latter arrangement [Winterstein, 1912; Hlaberlandt, 1911]. 1 This work was carried out during the tenure of the Beun W. Levy studentship.


The semiclassical expression for barrier traversal time results from a variety of theoretical procedures, but it appears that an opaque barrier is required in each derivation. Following Buttiker and Landauer [IBM J. Res. Dev. 30, 451 (1986)], we use two interfering plane waves as the incident wave and determine the traversal time by attributing differences in the transmitted and incident waves to the ratio of dispersion in the transit time to the modulation period. Calculations are made for rectangular barriers with different sizes. There is essentially agreement with Buttiker and Landauer for opaque barriers which they considered, but the present solution does not diverge for energies near the top of the barrier.


The cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel converter has been used in various applications, such as the STATCOMs and solid-state transformers. Due to its modular structure, fault tolerance can be incorporated in the CHB multilevel converter. In this article, a model predictive control (MPC)-based fault detection and localization (FDL) scheme is proposed for the CHB multilevel converter that utilizes the already-installed ac current measurement and does not require additional sensors. The proposed FDL scheme can detect single or multiple open-circuit switch faults in the CHB multilevel converter by comparing the predicted states of the MPC controller with the actual measured states. The detected fault(s) is(are) further localized through a fault localization matrix which narrows down the faulty switch using historical fault data. The proposed scheme is shown to complete the FDL process for both single or multiple open-switch faults within a fundamental cycle period, even during low-load conditions. It has also been shown that the proposed scheme is immune to system dynamics such as load and voltage variations, and has been validated experimentally for various open-circuit fault scenarios.


Abstract As contemporary research explores the social and cultural dynamics of school bullying, notions of space and time provide avenues to unpack youth-centred insights into students' bullying experiences. Furthermore, spatiotemporal analysis demonstrates the links between similar experiences, such as bullying and relationship violence, that are often siloed in research and policy. Yet, within this converging field, there are contradictory accounts, from both young people and researchers, of the school as both a non-violent space and a space filled with unseen violence. In this paper, I argue that this contradiction reveals an essential aspect of young people's experience of bullying in schools. To develop this approach, school bullying is conceptualised in this paper as 'social violence' with a momentum that can linger and become institutionalised in the architecture of schools. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The invention relates to a heating / cooling system of a vehicle comprising a supply circuit provided with an inlet duct (1) for outside air and at least one duct (2, 15) of air recycled from the passenger compartment of said vehicle. The main feature of a system according to the invention is that it comprises a movable flap (3) air distribution and the air treatment device (9) disposed downstream of said flap (3), said pane (3) being adapted to move between a first position in which it closes the inlet duct (1) of outdoor air and opens completely recycled air inlet duct (2) for allowing said device (9 ) treating said recirculated air and a second position in which it closes the recirculated air inlet duct (2) and fully opens the inlet duct (1) of outside air to allow said device to process said outer air , said flap (3) being able to occupy a plurality of intermediate positions to enable the device to process a mixture of the two air.


When trade liberalization was first embarked on in Kenya some 20 years ago, a key argument against it was that it would reduce domestic wages, as exporting firms sought to remain competitive versus, for example, the low-cost Asian countries. A counter argument was that manufactured exports require more elaborate design, supervision, packaging and handling, and thus a more educated labor force than production for the domestic market. To attract such skills, exporting firms would need to pay higher wages than non-exporting ones. This paper uses data from Kenyan manufacturing to study the impact of trade liberalization on earnings, distinguishing between exporting and non-exporting firms. In particular, it investigates whether exporting firms paid a wage-premium to their employees. The study uses manufacturing firm survey data from a World Bank regional project. The study has three important findings: (1) There was a large and significant effect of exporting on wages in the first decade of trade liberalization. During the first half of the 1990s, workers in exporting firms earned up to 30 percent more than those engaged in non-exporting firms. The results are robust even after controlling for individual and firm-level characteristics such as employee demographics, productivity, firm location and occupation. (2) After a decade of trade liberalization, exporting ceased to be a significant determinant of wages in Kenyan manufacturing, after controlling for productivity and firm location. (3) During the 2000s, casual or irregular employment became a more common feature of exporting firms. The results suggest that while higher wages were important in attracting skilled labor to exporting firms at the beginning of trade liberalization in the 1990s, domestic competition has since reduced the wage premium. Cost cutting pressures are instead reflected in the substitution of casual and low wage labor for permanent and better educated labor and in increased automation. Econometric Analysis of Foreign Reserves and Some Macroeconomic Variables in Nigeria (1970–2007) Felicia O. Olokoyo, Evans S.C. Osabuohien and O. Adeleke Salami Abstract: Countries are showing interest in accumulating foreign reserves to ensure macroeconomic stability. There has been some debate whether to beef up the level of nations' foreign reserves or make it lower, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Whereas some argue that the foreign reserve determines the country's rating in the Countries are showing interest in accumulating foreign reserves to ensure macroeconomic stability. There has been some debate whether to beef up the level of nations' foreign reserves or make it lower, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Whereas some argue that the foreign reserve determines the country's rating in the global market, others hold opposing views. In this light, this paper examined the interactive influence of foreign reserve (FRS) on some macroeconomic variables such as: economic size (GDP); trade; level of capital inflows (KFL); exchange rate (EXR); and inflation. Analyzing secondary data from CBN statistical bulletins (1970–2007), the econometric results obtained from cointegration test, vector error correction (VEC) within the framework of autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) revealed the following: (1) existence of a long-run relationship between the variables and two cointegrating equations; (2) possibility of convergence of the variables from the short run to the long run with slow speed of adjustment. It is thus the conclusion of this paper that accumulation of large foreign reserves is not very productive in Nigeria due to its inability to induce some of the macroeconomic variables. Bank Lending and Business Cycles: South African Evidence Oludele Akinloye Akinboade and Daniel Makina Abstract: The paper provides empirical analysis on the linkage between the behavior of bank lending and business cycles in South Africa. Consistent with theory, overall evidence suggesting pro-cyclicality of bank lending is uncovered both at macro and micro levels. At macro level, bank lending and lending rates have moved in tandem with business cycles. Real borrowing by government was counter-cyclical to business cycles as would be expected if the role of government was to fine-tune the economy during booms and recessions. At micro level, bank lending to households and firms was generally pro-cyclical. Even the growth of provisioning by banks has been largely procyclical to business cycles, though exceptions were recorded. First, new mortgage lending exhibited counter-cyclical behavior before 1993. We attributed this behavior to the political and economic climate prevailing then which created uncertainties that made ownership of property a good hedge against economic and political risks. Secondly, the growth of real credit for investment and of foreign trade finance does not appear to have been related to business cycles. The paper provides empirical analysis on the linkage between the behavior of bank lending and business cycles in South Africa. Consistent with theory, overall evidence suggesting pro-cyclicality of bank lending is uncovered both at macro and micro levels. At macro level, bank lending and lending rates have moved in tandem with business cycles. Real borrowing by government was counter-cyclical to business cycles as would be expected if the role of government was to fine-tune the economy during booms and recessions. At micro level, bank lending to households and firms was generally pro-cyclical. Even the growth of provisioning by banks has been largely procyclical to business cycles, though exceptions were recorded. First, new mortgage lending exhibited counter-cyclical behavior before 1993. We attributed this behavior to the political and economic climate prevailing then which created uncertainties that made ownership of property a good hedge against economic and political risks. Secondly, the growth of real credit for investment and of foreign trade finance does not appear to have been related to business cycles. Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade: An Empirical Investigation from Cross-country Comparison Ilhan Ozturk and Huseyin Kalyoncu Abstract: This paper investigates empirically the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows of six countries over the quarterly period of 1980–2005. The impact of a volatility term on trade is examined by using an Engle-Granger residual-based cointegrating technique. The major results show that increases in the volatility of the This paper investigates empirically the impact of exchange rate volatility on the trade flows of six countries over the quarterly period of 1980–2005. The impact of a volatility term on trade is examined by using an Engle-Granger residual-based cointegrating technique. The major results show that increases in the volatility of the real exchange rate, approximating exchange-rate uncertainty, exert a significant negative effect on trade for South Korea, Pakistan, Poland and South Africa and a positive effect for Turkey and Hungary in the long run. Determinants of Demand for Delivery Services in Sudan: An Empirical Investigation with Reference to Khartoum State, 2004 Huda Mohammed Mukhtar Ahmed and Hatim Ameer Mahran Abstract: Using multinomial logistic methods, we examined the determinants of the delivery care seeking behavior of women in Khartoum State of Sudan, as well as the impact of changes in the attributes of public delivery services on the market shares of delivery services. Time distance and transportation cost have significant negative effects, while the random 'quality' coefficient is positive but not significantly different from zero. Further, the likelihood of choosing home over public delivery services increases with order of birth. The positive effects of women's education and household income are most important for those who prefer private over home delivery whereas the use of modern antenatal services is decisive in choosing modern over home delivery. Also, shifts in demand toward public delivery services resulting from improvements in quality and qualifications of medical staff might be undermined by the reduction in demand emanating from a rise in the order of delivery, time distance and transportation cost to public delivery institutions. The income effects are more pronounced, particularly for the share of private delivery services. Educated women tend to shift from home to modern delivery services. Using multinomial logistic methods, we examined the determinants of the delivery care seeking behavior of women in Khartoum State of Sudan, as well as the impact of changes in the attributes of public delivery services on the market shares of delivery services. Time distance and transportation cost have significant negative effects, while the random 'quality' coefficient is positive but not significantly different from zero. Further, the likelihood of choosing home over public delivery services increases with order of birth. The positive effects of women's education and household income are most important for those who prefer private over home delivery whereas the use of modern antenatal services is decisive in choosing modern over home delivery. Also, shifts in demand toward public delivery services resulting from improvements in quality and qualifications of medical staff might be undermined by the reduction in demand emanating from a rise in the order of delivery, time distance and transportation cost to public delivery institutions. The income effects are more pronounced, particularly for the share of private delivery services. Educated women tend to shift from home to modern delivery services. Interest Rate Liberalization and Economic Growth in Zambia: A Dynamic Linkage Nicholas M. Odhiambo Abstract: This paper examines the dynamic impact of interest rate reforms on economic growth in Zambia—using two models in a stepwise fashion. In the fi


A study was carried out to determine the effects of Monkey kola nut (Kola lepidota) meal on the performance of growing rabbits. A total of thirty two (32) New Zealand White growing rabbits were randomly allotted to four (4) treatment groups with four (4) replicate per treatment and two (2) rabbits per replicate in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The rabbits were subjected to Standard husbandry practices throughout the study that lasted for seven (7) weeks. The monkey kola nut seed meal was incorporated at graded levels of 0g, 5g, 7g, 9g per Kg feed in T1 (control), T2, T3 and T4 respectively. Performance criteria were feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment, the feed intake and weight gain was used to compute the feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences among treatments in all the performance parameters observed. Further studies should be carried out on the use of monkey kola nut meal as a feed additive in rabbit diets.


To explain kilohertz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in X-ray binaries, an analytic model of a rotating hotspot is proposed, which is based on the magnetic coupling of a rotating black hole (BH) with its surrounding accretion disc. The hotspot in the inner region of the disc is produced by energy transferred from a spinning BH with non-axisymmetric magnetic field. The frequency and energy band of the hotspot turn out to be related to six parameters, in terms of which the strength and the azimuthal angular region of the bulging magnetic field on the BH horizon, the mass and spin of the BH, and the power-law index of the magnetic field varying with the radial coordinate on the disc are described. In addition, the correlation of the fluctuation of the bulging magnetic field with the widths of QPO frequency is discussed.


Objective:To explore the relationship among E6AP,human papillomavirus(HPV)16,18 protein expression and their function and significance in occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma.Methods:The expression levels of HPV16,18 type E6 protein in 40 cases of cervical carcinoma,10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)and 10 cases of normal cervical tissues were detected by immunohistochemical method,the expression of E6AP gene was detected by RT-PCR.Results:The positive expression rates of HPV16,18 type E6 protein in cervical carcinoma were significantly higher than those in CIN and normal cervical tissues,and the positive expression rates of HPV16,18 type E6 protein in CIN were significantly higher than those in normal cervical tissues,there was significant difference.The expression level of E6AP mRNA in E6 protein positive tissues was(0.094 6±0.071 5),which was significantly higher than that in E6 protein negative tissues(0.006 2±0.010 3),there was significant difference.The expression level of E6AP gene in cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than those in CIN and normal cervical tissues(P0.05),the expression level of E6AP gene increased with the advancement of clinical stage(P0.05).Conclusion:The expression of E6AP is related to HPV16,18 protein expression closely,which might play a role in occurrence and development of CIN,and may be related to occurrence and development of cervical carcinoma.


The traditional text similarity measurement methods based on word frequency vector ignore the senses of words and the semantic relationships between words, which have become obstacles to text similarity calculation, together with the high-dimensionality and sparsity of document vector. To address the problems, word sense disambiguation based on unsupervised learning is used to identify the senses of words and the key senses are selected to construct the feature vector for document representation. The definition of concept similarity and the similarity weighting factor between vectors are proposed to calculate similarity between two documents on the semantic level. The experimental results on benchmark corpus demonstrate that the proposed approach promotes the evaluation metrics of F-measure.


Effective monitoring and identification of areas of hardwood mortality is a critical component in the management of sudden oak death (SOD). From 2001 to 2005, aerial surveys covering 13.5 million acres in California were conducted to map and monitor hardwood mortality for the early detection of Phytophthora ramorum, the pathogen responsible for SOD. To assess the spatial accuracy of the aerial detection survey (ADS) program data, we used a mortality stem map generated from aerial photo interpretation (Meentemeyer and others 2007) within the Big Sur ecoregion of California. Although results suggest that the aerial surveys may be under-representing the extent of hardwood mortality in the study area, the ADS program has been successful in detecting infestations of P. ramorum in California. An additional analysis explored the use of object-oriented classification for mapping hardwood mortality. Results of this analysis indicate that object-oriented image analysis has the potential for mapping hardwood mortality and can complement the ADS program.


This text, looking to identify and problematize the "challenge of inequality" for society today through undertaking a global history of inequality from the Stone Age to the present, is very much one of our time, and arguably one for our time. It can be aligned persuasively with how an intensifying concern about social and actually human dimensions of key societal institutions—especially economic and political ones—has followed the "first crisis of globalisation" (Gordon Brown, Beyond the Crash: Overcoming the First Crisis of Globalisation [2010]) and new discursive spaces have emerged to support analyses that stand apart from traditional economics or primarily economics-oriented approaches. For Scheidel, the challenge of inequality for twenty-first-century living is manifest. His imperative for understanding causes and consequences of levels of inequality he sees as dangerous and actually growing is attached to distributions—of income, wealth, and public goods—within any given society, rather than between different societies. Channeling his assertions through the trope of resurgent inequality, the significance Scheidel attaches to forces of globalization as disequalizing signals why this analysis is so interesting. Indeed, elsewhere it has been proposed that while globalization has operated to reduce overall inequality between nations, it has been a force for rising inequality within individual nations (Andrew Haldane, "A Leaf Being Turned" [speech to Occupy Economics, Friend's House, London, 2012]). For Scheidel, globalization is able to achieve this disequalization through being "predicated on a relatively peaceful and stable international order" (p. 422). Scheidel's text is not unique in its concerns (see, for example, Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett, The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone [2009]), and many will already identify with what might be termed an inequality imperative. Many others are likely to


The untimely and sudden death of Professor Timothy Cooper Partridge on 8th December 2009 has robbed the community of geomorphologists, geographers, palaeoclimatologists, palaeontologists and archaeologists of a distinguished scholar and leader in his fields. Working mainly, but not exclusively, in South Africa, he earned an enviable reputation among his peers around the world.


Two series of asymmetric hexaethers (asymmetric by virtue of having alkyl chains of unequal lengths) of rufigallol, viz., R442n and R482n (1,5-dialkoxy-2,3,6,7-tetrabutoxy-9,10-anthraquinone and 1,...


All across the United States, electric utilities are now faced with the prospect of prematurely abandoning partially completed nuclear units. While there are many reasons for this dilemma,[ the ratemaking implications are profound. They force regulators to make the unsavory decision as to the appropriate allocation of the fixed costs sunk in the abandoned projects between ratepayers and stockholders.' If a significant number of these plants are abandoned, the dollars at stake (estimated to be as large as $66 billion') in any ratemaking division of accountability are staggering.


Over the past two years, the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI) has become increasingly interested in practical applications of electronic imaging in conservation. Recently, our interest has crystalized in the form of information collection and dissemination, collaborative initiatives, research, and field study projects. Given the limited resources of museums and conservation organizations, the emergence of powerful microcomputer-based imaging hardware and software, and the need for low cost solutions, we are taking a small systems approach. This paper will focus on two aspects of our work: 1) a newly created conservation imaging consortium that provides direction and structure for a rapidly increasing number of imaging projects and for a growing network of conservation imaging professionals; and 2) in-house and extramural research and field projects


Objective To analyze the ultrasonic features of carotid artery thrombus and its differential diagnosis with arteriosclerosis plaque.Methods Forty-one thousand four hundred and seventeen patients were examined by carotid artery ultrasound.The patients with carotid artery thrombus were further examined by CT and MRI and followed-up by ultrasonography.Results Eight hundred and seventy of 41417 cases were found with carotid artery thrombus(870/41417,2.1%)by ultrasound,2 were anechoic,393 were hypoechoic,195 were iso-echoic,280 were mixed echoic.The patients included 9 cases of adherent thrombus,42 cases of occlusion or nearly occlusion and 819 cases of occlusion or nearly occlusion combined with arteriosclerosis plaque.Compared with male patients,More female had carotid artery thrombus and thrombus combined with plaque.The patients with adherent thrombus and occlusion were younger than those with thrombus combined with plaque.Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasound can diagnose carotid artery thrombus effectively,and discriminate with arteriosclerosis plaque,it also can provide more information for clinical diagnosis and therapy.


These are notes based on discussions at DIMACS in May 2008. 1 Dining Cryptographers Figures 1, 2, and 3 describe the master process, the signature and state set of a cryptographer, and the transition relation of a cryptographer, respectively. In the definitions above, each action name is a task. Thus, one of the tasks is {pay i(T ), pay i(F )}. From the discussion about the correctness of Dining Cryptographers we ended up with the following informal formulation of correctness: for every scheduler σ and every observation o of player 0, μσ(M1‖C0‖C1‖C2)(o) = μσ(M2‖C0‖C1‖C2)(o), where with the notation μσ(M1‖C0‖C1‖C2)(o) we mean the probability of o in the probabilistic execution of M1‖C0‖C1‖C2 induced by σ. In other words, for every scheduler σ cryptographer 0 has no way to distinguish the situation in which cryptographer 1 is paying from the situation in which cryptographer 2 is paying. The scheduler has to be restricted in power, and we reached the conclusion that according to the definition given in the CONCUR paper of Chatzikokolakis and Palamidessi [3] using task schedulers should be ok. We take this definition for granted, given that we derived it from the CONCUR paper mentioned above. However, we will need to see whether there are alternative definitions (e.g., by exchanging quantifications) that are equivalent or more interesting. An observation of a cryptographer should be seen as the actual execution performed by the cryptographer. Thus, in the framework of task PIOAs, we can reformulate the correctness condition as follows: let Pi, i ∈ {0, 1, 2}, be Mi‖C0‖C1‖C2. Then,


Shape memory alloys are generally produced by casting processes and are subsequently homogenized. However, to obtain semifinished products on an industrial scale, the ingots from the casting process must be hot worked. In particular, final bar and sheet products can be obtained by hot rolling process. During intense hot work, surface oxidation of the material and microstructural changes may cause modifications to its original thermomechanical properties. In this sense, the present work aimed to study the correlation of the superelastic behavior in a Cu-Al-Be-Cr alloy before and after subjecting it to the hot rolling thermomechanical process. Abnormal grain growth was observed for a hot rolled sample with 30% reduction in initial alloy thickness. This abnormal growth in relation to non-rolled alloy caused an increase in phase transformation temperatures, a reduction in residual strain, a reduction in induction stress and an increase in alloy superelasticity.


Research concerning the definition of ethnic identity indicates that various
classification systems may provide different information. Moreover ethnic identity, being
both relational and contextual, should be treated as a continuously changing process. The
formation of one´s identity occurs through one´s identification with significant others. This is
especially true among adolescents, when peer groups play a crucial role in creating one's
identity. Our aim is to reveal the most influential factors which incline secondary school
Roma students to alter their minority identity.
Therefore we assume, that identity change of Roma students can be effected by:
1. How their peers classify their ethnic identity.
2. The amount of Roma peers in the class.
3. The strenght of their ethnic identification
Our research is based on a subsample (N=23 classes) of a national network panel
study (OTKA K 81336). For data analysis, contingency table analysis and multilevel
regression models are used.


Aim:To study the neuroprotective effects of valproic acid (VPA) on the toxicity induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) towards dopaminergic mesencephalic neurons in primary culture of Parkinson's disease ( PD) cell model in vitro.Methods:The neurons of rats were divided into six groups:control group,6-OHDA group,and 6-OHDA+VPA(0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 mmol/L) group.Morphology and development of dopaminergic neurons were observed by using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemical stainingmethod.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) was used to assay the cell activity and metabolism state.Results:There were significant differences on the number of TH positive cells and cell activity among six groups (F=303.907 and 138.524,P0.001).Compared to the control group,in 6-OHDA group,the number of TH positive neurons was less(P0.05)and the cell activity was lower(P0.05).Compared to the 6-OHDA group,in the 6-OHDA+VPA groups(0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 mmol/L),the number of TH positive neurons was more and the cell activity was higher (P0.05).Conclusion:VPA could protect dopaminergic neurons in vitro by reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing the cell activity.


In a vector-controlled induction motor(IM),the cross-coupling voltage between the M and the T components of the stator current impairs the characteristics of torque response.The principle and the deficiencys were analysed for the feedforward decoupling and feedback decoupling,and the decoupling control strategy was discussed based on Internal Model Control (IMC).Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the feedforward decoupling performance is affected by the IM parameters and the stator current deviation,the feedback decoupling is only affected by the IM parameters deviation,but the IM parameters and the stator current deviation do not affect IMC decoupling effects,the sensitivity of decoupling effects to the IM parameters changes is reduced.


"The United States will soon have to begin rationing medical care." Although we hear this warning with increasing frequency,1 taken literally the statement is sheer nonsense. It is nonsense because the United States has always rationed medical care, just as every country always has and always will ration care. No nation is wealthy enough to supply all the care that is technically feasible and desirable; no nation can provide "presidential medicine" for all its citizens. Moreover, medical care is hardly unique in this respect. The United States "rations" automobiles, houses, restaurant meals — all the goods and services that make . . .


On the 31 January 2013 Colette Airey is planning to shave all the hair from her head to raise money for the the Macmillan Dales Unit at Harrogate ...


This study evaluated the utility of performance variability as an indicator of fatigue and boredom effects in a computer‐based data‐entry task. Twenty‐four data transcribers entered numeric data from tax forms at a video‐display terminal (VDT) for 3 consecutive workdays under one of the following work management conditions: Electronic Performance Monitoring (EPM) or No Electronic Performance (No EPM). Self‐ratings of fatigue and boredom were assessed at periodic intervals. The speed (keystrokes) and the accuracy (errors) of task performance were recorded on a continuous basis. Irrespective of the type of work management condition, there was an increase in fatigue and boredom from the morning to afternoon work sessions. Correspondingly, there was an increase in the variability of speed performance from the morning to afternoon work sessions for both the EPM and No EPM conditions. Trend analyses revealed a correspondence of the linear increase in fatigue and boredom with the linear increase in speed variabi...


During recent years the changes in international affairs have made national civilian-military cooperation into a focus area after years of inactivity. An example of this coming in effect are the regional staffs with the task of conducting defense planning which will be operational in the year 2013. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if these staffs can be seen as a reinstitution of the old total defense organization.It has been written using a comparative analysis of an ideal model of the old total defense staffs on a regional level. This has been applied to the staffs that are currently being created on the equivalent level.The result of the study has been that the new staffs have been modeled using some lessons from the old civil/military cooperation. However the changes of Swedish society and its authorities have rendered a portion of the old methods and structures irrelevant in today's societal context. Therefore the staffs cannot be said to be examples of a reinstated total defense since they do not have the same tasks or organization.


The development of an accurate transient model of Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor with stator turn fault with due account of magnetic saturation is essential to evaluate drive controller performance and stability under fault conditions, and to develop robust and sensitive inter-turn fault detection algorithms. The paper proposes a new semi-analytical model of IPM motor under stator winding inter-turn fault conditions. The model uses dq flux-linkage map of the healthy IPM motor derived from Finite Element (FE) model, and combines it with analytical equations of turn fault motor in the dq frame, to derive transient model for the motor with stator turn fault. Simulation results derived from the proposed fault model are compared against FE results of the turn faulted IPM motor. It is shown that the proposed model predicts with much better accuracy the peak currents and current wave shape when compared to the current state-of-art transient models.


A 20-year-old man presented to the emergency department with 1 week of headaches and double vision following 2 days of fever (102°F), nausea, and vomiting. His headache was progressively worsening, throbbing behind his right eye, nonpositional, and associated with photophobia, blurry vision, and pain with eye movement. Occasionally, it was severe enough to wake him up from sleep. Horizontal double vision ensued soon after the headache. His diplopia was worse looking at a distance, improved on leftward gaze, worsened on rightward gaze, and resolved with closing one eye. He denied neck stiffness, focal weakness, numbness, or other neurologic symptoms. He denied recent rashes, infections, or tick bites. He lives on a farm in central Brazil. He arrived in Massachusetts 2 months before his presentation to visit family members. He had no significant medical history and took no medications. He did not smoke or use drugs.


Abstract In this paper, a new constitutive matrix for thermal conduction in transient thermal regime is developed and tested. We use cell method as a numerical method that is included in finite formulation methodology. The constitutive matrix defines through the cell method the behavior of solids when they are under a thermal potential. We have demonstrated that this matrix is equivalent to the electrical conduction constitutive matrix in steady state. We have applied this constitutive matrix to thermal analysis of asynchronous electric machines in transient regime. This constitutive matrix has been validated with comparisons based on finite element method. In finite formulation, the physical laws governing the electromagnetic fields and the physical thermal phenomena are expressed in integral formulation. The final algebraic equation system is tailored directly without discretizing of the differential equations. This is an important advantage because we omit a complex differential formulation and the discretization of the respective equations.


In recent years numerous kinds of new margarines have emerged on the Polish market. Organoleptic as well as physico-chemical changes occurring during the guarantee period of 136 days were studied in one of them. Freshly produced margarine had the low Lea and acid numbers, and it contained relatively high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols. This margarine got the highest score in sensorial evaluation. It was stated that during storage at 4°C the organoleptic characteristics rendering the margarine consumable were maintained for the time by 22% longer than declared. Oxidative and hydrolytic changes as well as the fatty acid composition were inconsiderable, and decomposition of tocopherols amounted to 10% of the initial value. Organoleptic changes in the margarine stored at 20°C rendered it unsuitable for consumption after 112 days, based on oxidative changes after 57 days. Almost half of the quantity of tocopherols underwent decomposition, and participation of the polyunsaturated acids in fatty acids composition changes.