Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and spread across China and abroad On 11th March 2020, WHO officially declared pandemic on for COVID-19 This review presents transmission mode of the COVID-19 in terms of case, death, and analysis of active cases in top ten worst affected countries The data presented in the paper is taken from Worldometer which collects its statistical data from various reliable sources including United Nations (UN), World Health Organization (WHO) and others Furthermore, the review presents the data analysis of recovery cases in the top 10 worst affected countries as of 24th May 2020 Such simple analysis of recovery case from COVID-19 will be helpful for the government to make its plan and policy


Introduction: Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient in humans, and its deficiency is reported in many disorders, including tuberculosis (TB). The current study's goal is to evaluate the anti-TB effect of Zn supplementation among pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Material and Methods: In this study, 74 newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients referred to Qom Health Center were distributed into two groups of receiving 50 mg of zinc sulfate and placebo. All patients in both groups received the same antituberculosis antibiotics. Before starting treatment and after two and six months of treatment with antituberculosis drugs, the serum levels of zinc and biochemical parameters were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a RA1000 Auto Analyzer, respectively.
Results: After two months of treatment, the serum Zn concentration in the Zn receiving group was higher than the placebo group. After anti-TB treatment, body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin were significantly higher than pretreatment in both groups. The serum alkaline phosphatase changes, uric acid, creatinine, and urea were not significantly different in both groups at different times.
Conclusion: The supplementation of Zn micronutrient results in improved BMI, serum Zn, and other biochemical parameters compared to before treatment.


Mixed convection heat transfer inside a vertical circular cylinder has been experimentally studied for upward and downward flows for hydrodynamically fully developed and thermally developing laminar air flow under constant wall heat flux boundary conditions for Reynolds number range from 400–1600 and the Grashof number range from 1.1 × 105–7.4 × 106. The effects of the cylinder inclination angle and the flow direction on the mixed convection heat transfer process have been investigated. The experimental setup consists of an aluminum cylinder as test section with 30 mm inside diameter and 900 mm heated length (L/D = 30). The hydrodynamically fully developed condition was achieved by using aluminum entrance section pipes (calming sections) having the same inside diameter as test section pipe but with variable lengths. The entrance sections were included two long calming sections, one with length of 1,800 mm (L/D = 60), another one with length of 2,400 mm (L/D = 80), and two short calming sections with lengths of 600 mm (L/D = 20) and 1,200 mm (L/D = 40). The results depict the surface temperature distribution along the cylinder axial length, the local and average Nusselt number distribution with the dimensionless axial distance Z for upward and downward flows. The results show that the surface temperature values for downward flow were higher than that for upward flow but it was lower than that for horizontal cylinder. The Nusselt number values were lower for downward flow than that for upward flow. It was found that an increase in Nusselt number values resulted in an increase in wall heat flux and as the angle of cylinder inclination moves from > = 90° (vertical cylinder) to > = 0° (horizontal cylinder). The mixed convection regime was bounded by Richardson numbers (Ri) which were approximately ranged from 0.1–30. The average heat transfer results were correlated with empirical correlations by dimensionless groups as Log Nu against Log Ra/Re for both upward and downward flows. The average heat transfer results were compared with the available literature and with forced convection flow.


This article examines the growing body of literature on service learning as a pedagogical tool within political science. It also reports the results of a service learning experiment used in a course on State and Local Politics. Students completed service learning projects that combined community service, attendance at local political meetings (i.e., city council or school board meetings), and interviews with elected officials. The students reflected on their experiences through written papers, oral presentations, and an evaluation of the service learning experience. The vignettes presented in this article highlight the potential benefits of incorporating service learning into political science courses, including enhanced civic engagement and understanding of the policymaking process. Assessment of these learning outcomes was based on the content and quality of the written and oral presentations, student self-evaluations, and a pretest/posttest. The model used in this course is easy to adapt to any political science course, offering a useful tool to promote active learning outside the classroom experience.


Rather than enjoying a fine PDF in the manner of a mug of coffee in the afternoon, on the other hand they juggled subsequently some harmful virus inside their computer. web of deception misinformation on the internet is to hand in our digital library an online admission to it is set as public therefore you can download it instantly. Our digital library saves in compound countries, allowing you to get the most less latency period to download any of our books once this one. Merely said, the web of deception misinformation on the internet is universally compatible bearing in mind any devices to read.


In this work, we report synthesis, characterization and computational studies of the symmetric thiophene-based compound thiophene-2,5-diylbis((3-mesityl-3-methylcyclobutyl)methanone) (1) obtained from 2,2'-thiobis(1-(3-mesityl-3-methylcyclobutyl)ethan-1-one) and glyoxal using the Hinsberg thiophene ring synthesis approach. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to probe the structure of 1, as well as its electronic and optical properties. The global reactivity descriptors, as well as molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), were revealed to probe the reactivity and to determine the reactive centers of 1. The DFT calculations were also applied to probe 1 as a potential corrosion inhibitor for some important metals used in implants. Electron charge transfer from the molecule of 1 to the surface of Ni, Au, Co, Cu, Mo, W, Fe and Cr was revealed. Bioavailability, druggability as well as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties of 1 were predicted. Molecular docking was applied to examine the influence of this compound on a series of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Compound 1 exhibited the best binding affinity with the Nsp14 (N7-MTase), Papain-like protease (PLpro) and Nsp16 (MGP site) proteins as well as demonstrated a similar efficiency toward both the native and mutated Spike proteins, RDB. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


Jason of Pherai (?–370 bce) was a Thessalian tyrant. He probably came from a noble family of Pherai and was a relative of Lycophron, who fought in 404 bce against the Aleuadai of Larissa and attempted to gain control over Thessaly (Xen. Hell. 2.3.4).

Keywords:

Greek history;
monarchy;
political history


We thank the editors of Environmetrics for their decision to publish our article as a discussion paper. We appreciate the contributions of all discussants and thank them for many insightful comments and suggestions for alternative approaches. Many of their ideas offer excellent opportunities for future work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Geological conditions of strata,properties of rocks,and results of classification of rock masses at Chuankou Wolfram mine are introduced briefly.Bases on the in-situ investigation and survey in underground,the comparison sketch of boundary of underground excavating opening and the collapse border of surface is presented;and caving characteristics is analyzed and a typical collapse of straight part of covering strata is proved.According to the different ratings of joint-fissure between country rockmass of opening and covering strata,Terzaghi's theory is used to explain the mechanism and fracturing characteristics of country rockmass surrounding the opening and covering strata.Then Terzaghi's theory is improved according to the properties of rockmasses,and pressure formula is derived;for the more,limited equilibrium method is employed for analyzing the stability of covering strata with different mining spans.On condition that the collapse does not occur,the quantitative relationships between safe mining spans and coefficients with different heights of covering strata.


A study of the lives of young mothers is presented in order to investigate reasons for or against having a second child. The study which forms the second phase of a research project conducted between 1976 and 1979 is based on in-depth interviews with 60 women who had only one child and who lived in southern Bavaria in the Federal Republic of Germany. Information is presented on the daily lives of the women; their personal histories; attitudes toward and experiences with marriage pregnancy and childbirth; transition to the mother role; work of housewives and mothers; the situation of employed mothers; the role of the father; and desired family size. An attempt is then made to develop a typology of reproductive behavior. The effects of social policy measures are then considered.


In today's increasingly competitive business environment, the use of knowledge to gain a competitive advantage has become a serious concern for all organisations. However, despite the increasing number of studies relating to Knowledge Management (KM) in developed countries, few studies have explored this issue within the context of developing countries. Moreover, some industries have been affected more acutely than others in the transition to a knowledge-based economy. Towards covering this gap, this study aims at investigating the impact of Knowledge Management processes on Organisational Performance (OP). In this paper, the authors propose a conceptual model through an in-depth investigation of the previous and current studies in the area of Knowledge Management and Organisational Performance. Through an extensive classification of Knowledge Management processes, the proposed model explores the impact of each Knowledge Management process on improving the level of Organisational Performance. It is envisaged that this model can play a role in guiding the process of Knowledge Management implementation in order to maximise the beneficial effects of Knowledge Management processes on Organisational Performance.


Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune destruction of B-islet cells. T1DM usually presents in children less than 15 years old with polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. Complications include diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and atherosclerosis. We present an unusual initial presentation for T1DM in a 21-year old Caucasian girl with pretibial numbness for three days.


Present estimates of uranium resources and reserves in the US and the non-Communist world are reviewed. The resulting implications are considered for two proposed breeder technologies: the liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) and the fusion hybrid reactor. Using both simple arguments and detailed scenarios from the published literature, conditions are explored under which the LMFBR and fusion hybrid could respectively have the most impact, considering both fuel-supply and economic factors. The conclusions emphasize strong potential advantages of the fusion hybrid, due to its inherently large breeding rate. A discussion is presented of proposed US development strategies for the fusion hybrid, which at present is far behind the LMFBR in its practical application and maturity.


The present situation of the second classroom activity participated by the electronics specialty junior grade student was analyzed and some suggestions and measures such as ahead of time propaganda and cultivating interest were put forward.A series of plans such as the electronic manufacture,compiling mnemonic rhymes of instrument operation,classifying competition and so on are very useful to intensify the basic concept,to improve the basic skills and to realize positive cycle of the electricity specialty in junior grade second classroom activity.


The size effects in the magnetization of a long cylindrical wire of circular cross section in the presence of an external magnetic field are investigated. For this study the London theory is used with boundary conditions appropriate for this geometry. Using the Monte Carlo simulated annealing method, the free energy of the mixed state is minimized with respect to the vortex positions. The ground state of the vortex lattice for n=1 up to 18 vortices for a given radius of the cylinder is obtained. It is found that the finite size of the sample provokes a matching effect in the magnetization, as found in experiments with superconducting samples of finite size but different geometry.


The main target of my diploma thesis is to develop project of proper accounting, measurement and reporting of appropriate financial derivatives in company XY. The theoretical part summarizes the theoretical knowledge of this issue. The practical part at first deals with the analysis of current state of the use of financial derivatives in the economic process of company XY, and than it sets up a project to implement an appropriate financial derivatives in the proces of XY company, mainly from the viewpoint of correct accounting, measurement and reporting.


The increasing use of fine spatial and temporal data in hydrological modeling has resulted in a prohibitively computational demand and run time. The serial computing method adopted by most modeling routines has largely hindered the application of high-fidelity distributed hydrological models. This study proposes a parallel simulation method for hydrological models based on container and automated deployment tools, i.e., Docker and Kubernetes, to achieve parallel simulation of hydrological models on a container cluster. Specifically, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is used as an example to verify the efficiency of the proposed method by comparing it with the traditional serial simulation method. The experimental results show that the combined application of Kubernetes and Docker can significantly improve the simulation efficiency of the SWAT model. A maximum speedup of 3.6 times was achieved on a Docker cluster consisting of 10 virtual worker nodes. Due to the remarkable encapsulation ability of the container technology, the proposed parallelization method can also be applied to other environment models in the future, and the simulation efficiency can be further improved by extending the Docker cluster.


Large-scale interconnection systems consist of many local subsystems interconnected in the spatial domain. For effective distributed comprehensive monitoring, a structured state space model of the interconnected system is necessary. When a large number of local sensors collect measurement data from the subsystem, it may not be possible to transmit the local measurement data to a centralized computing unit. Therefore, the identification and information interaction on local computing units in a distributed manner is the common solution. In this paper, a distributed subspace identification method is proposed to identify large-scale interconnected systems described by the state space matrix. Converting unknown state coupling into observable output information, the algorithm only uses input and output data to identify the state space model of the system. Moreover, the residual generator is designed to implement the fault detection framework. Numerical simulation shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Below the roughening temperature, the equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) is composed of both facets and a smoothly curved surface. As for the ``normal'' profile (perpendicular to the facet contour), the ECS has the exponent 3/2 which is characteristic of systems in the Gruber-Mullins-Pokrovsky-Talapov (GMPT) universality class. Quite recently,it was pointed out that the ECS have a ``new'' exponent 3 for ``tangential'' profile. We first show that this behavior is universal because it is a direct consequence of the well-establised universal form of the vicinal-surface free energy. Second, we give a universal relation between the amplitudes of the tangential and the normal profiles, in close connection with the universal Gaussian curvature jump at the facet edge in systems with short-range inter-step interactions. Effects of the long-range interactions are briefly discussed.


Objective To observe the left ventricular remodeling and evaluate its relationship with left ventricular systolic performance after valve replacement for valvular heart disease with giant left ventricle.Methods 33 patients with valvular heart disease and giant left ventricle after valve replacement was retrospectively reviewed.The results of ultrasonic cardiography(UCG) and the changes of cardiac function before and after operation were compared.Combined mitral and aortic valve replacement was performed in 8 cases,mitral valve replacement in 4 cases,aortic valve replacement and ventricular septal defect neoplasty in 2 cases,aortic valve replacement andcoronary artery bypass graft in 2 cases,Bental's operation in 5 cases,tricuspid valve annuloplasty in 7 cases.Results The value of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension(LVEDD),left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESD),The value of left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fractional shortening(LVFS) in 1 and 3 months after operation were more decreased than those before operation(P0.05).Conclusion Early operation are in favor of left ventricular geometry reversal and systolic function improvement for patients with GLV.The protection for cardiac function should be carefully taken in order to prevent the occurrence of complication after operation.


Most seismic risk assessments for economic decision-making of commercial
buildings are based on a risk metric called probable maximum loss (PML) that is
associated with losses from an earthquake shaking severity with a 500-year return
period. For various reasons, PML is a poor metric for economic performance
assessment. This paper introduces an analogous measure, the probable frequent loss
(PFL), defined as the mean loss resulting from shaking with 10% exceedance
probability in 5 years (an approximately 50-year event). It overcomes many of the
problems of PML, and offers the advantage that expected seismic life-cycle costs and
expected annualized loss are approximately proportional to PFL through a seismic
hazard coefficient that depends on site characteristics, fundamental period, and
damage shaking threshold, and can be tabulated for ready use. A brief review is
given of a building-specific seismic vulnerability method that may be used to
calculate PFL.


Borrowing from the "backward design" construct of Wiggins and McTighe (1998), let us start with the end in mind in launching this issue of Topics in Language Disorders on responsiveness to intervention∗ (RTI). What we hope will happen as a result of reading this issue is that academicians and practitioners in the field of language disorders will become active players in the RTI movement. It is in effect a call to action, to become familiar with RTI and get involved in the RTI conversations held within the reader's venue, or in some cases to initiate the conversation. Playing an active role in the development and implementation of RTI is an important goal for speech–language pathologists (SLPs) for many reasons. Among the most important are these: First, RTI is receiving considerable attention in research circles, as well as school practice settings. It is the wave of the future and will likely be implemented in school districts soon, if it is not already. To be real players in the educational arena, SLPs have to be part of the important conversations taking place. It is inconceivable that important deliberations at national, state, and local levels may occur without input from SLPs. Second, RTI has the potential to change the way SLPs are involved with students with learning problems, especially in emergent literacy. It may provide a context within which SLPs can redefine roles and responsibilities to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of services provided to school-age youngsters. It may be the impetus for school districts and states to acknowledge the wisdom of a workload versus caseload approach to service delivery. Third, an RTI-type approach may have some value in changing the way SLPs think about addressing the needs of students with language impairment (LI) and the way school districts approach eligibility for LI. RTI may be just the nudge the field has needed to abandon the cognitive referencing approach to eligibility that remains in effect in many states and school districts, despite its shortcomings.


The 21st century challenges education in relation to the formation of citizens for life in full democracy. Living together in peace based on respect for human rights is a challenge that teaching faces in the current context. In the process of reflection of the recent past and the projection of construction of the future, geography professors have the responsibility to discuss the role of the profession, the epistemological foundations and the curricular decisions that support the formation of citizenship mainstreaming by the paradigm of the human rights. This article presents a theoretical reflection on the teaching of territorial problems based on national educational regulations, the proposals of international organizations such as the UN, UNESCO and the International Geographical Union, also link these postulates with the epistemological scope of education of social sciences and geography in particular. The purpose of this reflection is to contribute to the construction of democratic futures from geographical education.


The rather recent interesting computational method of quantifier elimination already implemented in four computer algebra systems has been already used in many problems of engineering interest including several problems of applied and computational mechanics. Among the previous applications of interest here is mainly the problem of a beam with parametric inequality constraints and under the presence of a loading parameter. This problem was solved by the popular methods (i) of finite differences and (ii) of finite elements in combination with the method of quantifier elimination. Here the same approach is generalized to the case where the loading parameter belongs to an interval. The methods (i) of finite differences and (ii) of finite elements are used again (leading to parametric systems of linear equations) with the computation of the approximate intervals concerning (i) the dimensionless deflection, (ii) the rotation and (iii) the dimensionless bending moment on the whole beam computed on the basis of their values at the nodes used on the beam. In the application of the finite difference method both (i) the purely existential case and (ii) a mixed universal–existential case are considered evidently with respect to the interval loading parameter. The REDLOG computer logic package of the REDUCE computer algebra system has been used again in the present interval computations and the excellent convergence of the obtained approximate intervals computed with the finite difference method is observed. In the purely existential case, up to 3072 intervals on the beam have been successfully used and this is an extremely satisfactory situation in quantifier elimination because it concerns a total number of 3076 variables.


Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) have been used to examine the topographic and internal features of diamond films grown by the hot filament assisted chemical vapor deposition method. Films were grown under conditions chosen to provide three distinctly different diamond microstructures. This paper relates internal and external growth features to each other, to Raman spectra, and to the growth conditions. The growth features are discussed in terms of growth mechanisms. 10 refs., 8 figs.


When the threads are obtained by using turning tools, various factors are able to affect the machining accuracy. In order to reveal the way in which these factors exert influence on the threading accuracy, an analysis of some proper situations of obtaining threads on universal lathes and using turning tools was developed. The analysis showed that the thread profile error could be essentially affected by the position of the cutting tool active edges relative to the workpiece. Taking into consideration the results of analysis, some aspects concerning the requirements to be met during the design of a device that could be used in experimental investigation of influence exerted by some factors on the threading accuracy are presented.


We studied the interaction involving umbu, fruit flies and parasitoids in the Brazilian cerrado biome in Piauí state. The fruits were collected in Baixa Grande do Ribeiro and Uruçuí in the period from February to April 2013 and were analyzed in Laboratory. In this study is being published the first occurrence of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835) in umbu fruits and two parasitoids, Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes, 1924) and Opius bellus (Gahan, 1930), in Piauí. Where 77.8 % of the fruits were infested by A. obliqua, with 149.4 pupae / kg (2.4 pupae / fruit) and the parasitism rate was 2.7 %. Natural parasitism is not very significant, however, less pupae were found in fruits with parasitized larvae, suggesting that the fly avoids oviposition. Additionally , it was found that the A. obliqua performs multiple oviposition in umbu during host selection and multiple infestations is a factor that increases the likelihood of emergence of A. obliqua during the colonization of umbu. The tritrophic interaction among S. tuberosa, A. obliqua and O. bellus was discussed.


The proposed frequency analysis method comprised Fast Fourier Transform and two consecutive frequency rectifications. Its application leads to a substantial error reduction when estimating the fundamental frequencies and amplitudes of harmonic components in the studied signal in comparison with the widespread spectral analysis methods.


ABSTRACT This work presents a simulation study of the spray dryer operation using the whole milk suspension as the emulsion to be dried. Two approaches are used to obtain a general description of this operation. The first approach comprises a population balance model, in which drops and particles make up the discrete phase and are distributed into temporal compartments following their residence time in the dryer. Air is the continuous and well-mixed phase. Mass and energy balances are developed for each phase, taking into account their interactions. Constitutive model equations to describe the drop swelling and drying mechanisms as well as the heat and mass transfer between particles and hot air are also analyzed. The set of algebraic-differential equations obtained in this approach is solved by DASSL numerical code. The second approach involves a three-dimensional model solved by a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code. The continuous air phase follows the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the RNG turbulence model while particle equations are set up in the Lagrangian model using the stochastic method to predict the particle trajectories. Experiments carried out in a pilot spray dryer generate input data for both model approaches. Results are compared to lead to a better understanding of the spray dryer operation.


In this paper, we introduce the optimization of SISO(Soft-Input SoftOutput) decoding for Hamming code which is well known as linear block code. When the problem that the output value becomes infitity during SISO decoding of Hamming code occurs, it is resolved by entering an appropriate value between 1 and 2 which is obtained through the experiment in the decoder. The simulation result has shown that almost the same BER performance could be obtained over AWGN channel environment when compared to the conventional MLD(Maximum Likelihood Decoding) decoding method.


markdownabstractIn this thesis, several novel radiolabeled gastrin analogs were developed preclinically in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models.
In addition, the effect of in situ enzyme inhibition on metabolic stability and tumor uptake of the same gastrin radioligands was investigated.


Clustering as a method of grouping objects into some cluster is very
important in pattern recognition and pattern classification. Over the years, many
methods have been developed for clustering patterns. Fuzzy clustering and hard
clustering are method used to clustering process. Fuzzy C-means is one of many
methods of clustering based on fuzzy approach, while K-Means and K-Medoid
are methods clustering based on crisp approach.
This study is aimed to application that methods (Fuzzy C-Means,
K-Means dan K-Medoid) on stock data clustering of food and beverage company.
The result clustering of methods to find optimal cluster. Dunn's Index (DI)
method used to find cluster validaty.
Cluster analysis aims at identifying groups of similar objects and,
therefore helps to discover distribution of patterns and interesting correlations in
large data sets. In the marketing area, this activity known as segmentation
(grouping) stock value in the market. Investor can using result clustering of food
and beverage company of decision making investment exactly.


Quinoa is a treasure trove of nutrients. Rising demands for gluten free products parallels the apparent or real increase in celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity and gluten allergy. The present study was aimed for the development and nutritional evaluation of gluten free bakery products using combination of rice and oats flour supplemented with quinoa flour. Five products namely cookies, cakes, muffins, pies and tarts were developed using standardized recipes with different levels of quinoa flour and organoleptically evaluated by a semi-trained panel of 10 judges using eight-point hedonic rating scale 13 and found to be acceptable at 10% level of quinoa flour. Nutritional evaluation was carried out to make comparison between the highly acceptable developed product and its control (100% refined wheat flour) counterpart. The findings revealed that the supplemented products were found to have higher protein (4.2-8.4%), fat (19.6-29.2%), fiber (0.46-1%) and mineral content i.e. calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc as compared to their control counterparts. Along with that, supplementation of quinoa flour in rice and oats flour resulted in significant (p<0.05) increase in three essential amino acids (i.e. tryptophan, methionine and lysine). Anti-nutritional factors i.e. phytin phosphorus (16.38-37.02 mg) and saponins (0.14-0.32%) were also found in supplemented products. By keeping in view the nutritional benefits of quinoa flour, the products supplemented with it can be incorporated in daily diet so as to enhance the nutritional status of celiac patients.


The purpose of the paper is to give an overview of dance theatre education related to Hungarian contemporary dances and relying on the results of current and still ongoing research. The paper surveys the embeddedness of participational dance education programmes in the structure of prose/drama theatre education, as well as the historical antecedents of its diverse methodology, its forms of financing throughout times and its activities.


The implementation of circuit architectures based on molecular electronic devices has been impeded by the availability of facile fabrication schemes for the interconnection of individual devices. The deposition and patterning of a top contact layer between adjoining devices for interconnection purposes can result in contacts of poor fidelity, which introduces artifacts in the I-V characteristics that are not attributable to molecular transport between the contacts. In this study, through the fabrication of interconnected devices within the crossbar device architecture, we demonstrate that the vapor-phase molecular deposition method for fabrication of device layers was compatible with the massively parallel microelectronic fabrication process of liftoff, for patterning of contact layers. A prepatterned device with Au bottom contacts, as well as a bilayer resist for patterning the top Au contacts through postdeposition liftoff was used as the substrate for vapor-phase deposition of a monolayer of conjugated oligo-(phenylene ethynylene) (plain-OPE) molecules and patterning of the top metal contact layer. Interconnection in series and parallel configurations was confirmed by I-V characteristics similar to classical resistors with equivalent conductivity of each individual molecular device. Additionally, to better understand molecular transport in the device junctions, we performed temperature-dependent I-V studies on individual molecular devices that were fabricated using prepatterned Au bottom contacts as the substrate for solution-phase deposition of the molecular monolayer, onto which the Au top contacts were evaporated and patterned using a shadow mask. Molecular layers of two distinctly different room-temperature I-V characteristics, including nonswitching plain-OPE and switching nitro-OPE molecular devices, were used to study the fidelity of the molecular junctions. Based on the persistence of the device characteristics of both types of molecular layers down to 100 K, and in particular, the observation of switching between "high" and "low" conductivity states at characteristic threshold voltages at all temperatures, only with nitro-OPE molecular devices, and not with plain-OPE molecular devices, we conclude that the observed transport was a characteristic molecular signature not dependent on filament formation at contacts.


I. INTRODUCTION Direct methods for the study of the subsurface aretypically conducted by drilling with soil sampling. These methods are often problematicin urban settings, because they may lead to the subsequent contamination of groundwater. Drilling is limited due to the density of urban facilities and underground utilities.Furthermore, information obtained by drilling is single-point observation, emphasizing the importance of the use of remote sensing methods of investigation. Methodsofelectromagnetic sounding arethe most effective of all geophysical methods utilized to obtain maximum information about soil properties because,unlike seismic and ultrasonic methods,they do involve strict requirements of soil density and structure. Among electromagnetic sounding methods, the GPR method is unparalleled to depths of up to 100-150 meters due to its reasonable resolution critera, cost effectiveness, and the quality and volume of obtained information. The most important parameters characterizing the applicability of the GPR method in varying environments are both determined by its electrical properties: the specific attenuation and velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves in the medium. Specific attenuation determines the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves; the velocity of propagation of radio waves is used to obtain the acceptable distance rangefrom the reflector, based on the time delay of the reflected pulse. Most materials, with the exception of pure metal, can be classified as dielectrics with finite conductivity. Therefore, the complex relative permittivity is expressed as: e = e' - јe", where e represents the complex relative permittivity;e' denotes the real component, related to the polarization of the dielectric under the influence of the applied field; and e" represents the imaginary component, related to the finite conductivity σ (S/m)in the dielectric, which can be expressed as:


The appliance of a therapeutic laser also known as soft laser has gained wider scope in the latest years. The main characteristics of the laser radiation, namely its monochromatic and coherent nature render the photochemic activity selecive especially on the intracelluar level, stimulating the dynamics of the oxido-reductive changes in a cell. The action of the laser beam upon living tissue depends on the power of the used laser as well as upon the physical properties of the object itself i.e. its optical, mechanical, chemical properties. The use of a high powered laser causes a big rise in the temperature and prescure inside tissue which leads to denaturation of protein and than to evaporation and destruction of the cell. It is possible to gain quite diffrent effects using a soft /or therapeutic/ laser which in the course of stimulating the biological changes in a cell causes its regeneration and not its degradation. There exist three main phenomena on the level of the radiation emition. These are absorption, reflection and penetration. The most important from the medical point of view are penetration and absorption, for the direct biological changes depend upon these very parameters. The action of the laser beam upon tissue in fig. 1.


Network communication,as a special public communication media has significant impact on people's morality in life.However,it is a double sword towards ethics in society.Thus,the main task of network morality building is fully developing the positive influence of network communication while eliminating its negative influence,for the purpose of improving people's moral level.


Quantitative photometric investigations on erythroblasts show: (1) the most pronounced formation of RNA and haemoglobin takes place in young erythroblasts. (2) Besides the synthesis of haemoglobin, in


Urban expansion in Cameroon and many other Congo basin countries, involves the destruction of natural habitat previously colonized by a rich and diversified invertebrate and vertebrate fauna. In order to understand the dynamic of transformation of natural landscape into urban area on ant communities, a study was conducted at Mfou, a suburban agglomeration of Yaoundé. We aimed to evaluate the variation in ant diversity and ant community structure in relation to the type of habitat. Ants were collected on the ground and trees in cocoa farms, secondary forests, and palm groves using visual catch, pitfall traps, quadrat, and baits. We recorded 144 species belonging to 39 genera and 6 subfamilies. Cocoa farms (S= 102; H'= 3.83; E=0.83) were richer and more diversified than secondary forests (S= 100; H'= 3.83; E=0.83) and palm groves (S= 70; H'= 3.61; E=0.85). Myrmicinae, Formicinae and Ponerinae were the richest subfamilies both at genus and species levels. Based on their frequency of occurrence, Myrmicaria opaciventris (18.6%), Crematogaster striatula (17.1%), Crematogaster gabonensis (14.9%) and Camponotus crawleyi Emery, 1920 (14.2%) species were numerically dominant. Strumigenys sp.1, Strumigenys sp.2, Strumigenys sp.3, and Strumigenys sp.4 species were found only in secondary forests, suggesting the relatively stability of this habitat despite anthropogenic disturbance. Camponotus brevicollis, Technomyrmex sp.2 and Tetramorium guineensis were the indicator species in cocoa farms. In the secondary forests, Camponotus wellmani, Hypoponera punctatissima and Pheidole pulchella were found as indicator species while in palm groves H. punctatissima was the only indicator species.


While there are many educational apps for traditionally taught subjects such as math and science, more specialized curriculum has largely been left unexplored in terms of mLearning. Film studies is one such subject, an academic discipline that deals with the theoretical, historical and critical underpinnings of film. This project explores what it means to create a mobile application to teach basic approaches to film interpretation. Benefits of mLearning include increased delivery options for multimedia, contextbased learning support and the prospects of more fulfilling learning experiences (Medipour et al., 2013). In addition, learning film on mobile supports learning on the go and has further implications such as multimedia language learning and audio video usage. By providing direction for a prototype, implementation and evaluation techniques, the chapter explores the ways in which an introductory module for film studies can be integrated into a mobile format to render film theory more relevant and accessible.


One of key elements of an engineering component quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms is the subsystem of diagnostics of physical client state. The aim of the study was to increase in efficiency of functioning of a quality management system of process of provision of sports and improving services in gyms due to development of techniques of incorrect estimation of the initial client state. The task of formation of a complex of indices of the initial status by criterion of necessary informtiveness is formulated. The principle of the functional interchangeability as a methodological basis for its decision is reasonable. The hierarchical structure of an integral assessment of the initial client state of gym is offered. On its basis the hierarchical model of rating of informtiveness of a complex of the single (measured) indices, the providing objectivity of an integral assessment of the initial status is developed. The correctness of model is provided at the expense of a formulation of a complex of assumptions and original technology of application of different methods of expert estimation. The result of simulation of informtiveness of an integral assessment of the initial client state for a specific type of service and the purposes of physical enhancement includes: 1) library of sets of single indices, for each of which the technique and a monitoring aid, and also an informtiveness assessment in points, 2) the rules of support of the functional interchangeability of alternative complexes of indices by criterion of sufficiency of informtiveness of a complex based on additive models and the accepted restrictions is defined. The concept of a technique of formation of a complex of the measured and (or) evaluated indices of the initial client state for the specific type of sports and improving service adapted under material opportunities of gym on the one hand, and responding to criterion of necessary informtiveness and the principle of the functional interchangeability, on the other hand is offered.


We have known for over 200 years that hydrogen undergoes rapid oxidation to water on Pt catalysts; yet the reaction mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report high temporal resolution measurements of the production rate of H2O from hydrogen oxidation catalysed by a Pt (111) single crystal surface with a known concentration of adsorbed oxygen atoms and a step density of approximately 0.002 ML. We obtain two rate constants describing the rise, and fall of the reaction rate between 350 and 470 K and compare our observations to modern ab initio predictions of the reaction rates in surface chemistry. Remarkably, a mechanism based on a standard set of elementary reaction steps with energies and barrier heights obtained from Density Functional Theory (DFT), predicts a rate that is four orders of magnitude smaller than observed experimentally. Furthermore, the theoretically predicted reaction rate follows first-order kinetics, whereas the experimental observations clearly show a second-order reaction. The theoretical predictions are robust – six different exchange–correlation functionals lead to similar predictions. We suggest that the reason for these disagreements is that the active sites of the catalyst and the associated elementary reactions have, so far, not been properly identified. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Abstract Many applications within natural language processing involve performing text-to-text transformations, i.e., given a text in natural language as input, systems are required to produce a ver...


This research was undertaken to develop a system capable of detecting changes in the structure of rocks, leading to failure of mine roofs, and/or excavations. A prototype system was developed, field tested, and delivered to the Bureau of Mines for further evaluation and research. This system is based on the analysis of acoustic signals generated on the surface of the roof by an impact device and which are reflected or backscattered by flaws and discontinuities in the rock. The specially designed impact source is capable of generating high frequency acoustic signals with excellent repeatability. The system can also be used in conjunction with conventional acoustic pulse transducers. The received signal is digitized and the data transferred to a minicomputer for processing and display. This capability allows the immediate determination of wave velocity and/or distance to a reflecting interface. (GRA)


pyrone moieties are shared by a number of related Streptomyces natural products, such as the HIV protease inhibitor neoaureothin (spectinabilin, 2), and the immunosuppressant SNF 4435C (3) and its diastereomer SNF 4435D. The latter pair are derived from 2 by a unique photoinduced rearrangement cascade, which eventually yields the lower homologue orinocin (4) and mesitylene by "polyene splicing". The natural (Streptomyces) and semisynthetic derivatives N-acetyl aureothamine (5) and aureonitrile (6) proved to be potent anti-Helicobacter and antiproliferative agents, respectively. The structures and bioactivities of 1 and 3 have triggered great interest in their total synthesis. However, the preparation of the chiral furyl segment proved to be most challenging due to facile racemization, and as of yet no enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-(R)-1 has been reported. We started the synthesis of the polyketide backbone with a modified Julia olefination of the known aldehyde 7 with the 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl sulfone (PT-sulfone) 8a (Scheme 1, Supporting Information). Compound 8a was in turn prepared by Williams-type thioetherification of ethyl-4-bromopentanoate with 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol and oxidation of the resulting sulfide to the corresponding sulfone with ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate in H2O2. [13] Attempts to synthesize 8a by nucleophilic substitution of 5-ethylsulfonyl-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole with ethyl 3bromopropionoate were not satisfactory, probably due to the less reactive methylene group in the aposition of the sulfone. The best results for the modified Julia olefination with 8a were obtained with DME as solvent and KHMDS as base, yielding 9 in moderate yield (48%) and E/Z ratio (73:27). Yields were raised to 60% (E/Z=63:37) with the tert-butyl derivative 8b (TBT-sulfone). Ethyl ester 9 was reduced to aldehyde 10 by treatment with DIBAH, prior to chain extension in analogy with the synthesis of cyercene A and the placidenes. Compound 10 was then first subjected to an aldol reaction with the diACHTUNGTRENNUNGan ACHTUNGTRENNUNGion of methyl 2-methyl-3-oxopentanoate (11). Subsequent oxidation of the b-hydroxy alcohol 12 with DMP afforded diketoester 13, which was cyclized to a-pyrone 14 with the aid of DBU. Finally, methyl fluorosulfonate was used to methylate the prototropic ambident nucleophile 14 ACHTUNGTRENNUNGregioselectively at the g-position. As an alternative to chemical methylation we also employed the S-adenosyl methione (SAM) dependent regiospecific pyrone methyltransferase AurI. To test its potential for transforming the unnatural substrate 14, AurI was heterologously produced in S. lividans and S. albus host strains by use of the expression plasmid pHJ95. Pyrone 14 (1.3 mmol in DMSO) was administered to cultures of these strains, and the course of the biotransformation was monitored by LC-MS analysis of the crude extracts. We observed the formation of the desired gpyrone 15 together with an uncharacterized side product in the broth of S. albus/pHJ95 (Supporting Information). While this approach is generally viable, we continued the synthesis with the chemically methylated pyrone because of the higher yields. We next employed vinyl iodide 15 for a Pd ACHTUNGTRENNUNG(PPh3)4-catalyzed Stille coupling for completion of the polyketide backbone. Iodine/tin exchange provided a stannane that was immediately coupled with 1-iodo-4-nitrobenzene, yielding isomerically pure deoxyaureothin (16, 82%; Figure 1). Compound 16 represents the last intermediate in the aureothin pathway. The final biosynthetic steps are catalyzed by the unique bifunctional cytochrome P450 monooxygenase AurH. To circumvent challenges in electron transport and cofactor regeneration we performed the biotransformation in a wholecell system. AurH was heterologously produced in S. livid[a] M. Werneburg, Prof. Dr. C. Hertweck Department of Biomolecular Chemistry Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI) Beutenbergstrasse 11a, 07745 Jena (Germany) Fax: (+49)3641-656705 E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com [b] Prof. Dr. C. Hertweck Friedrich-Schiller-University PF, 07737 Jena (Germany) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chembiochem.org or from the author.


In China, the railway is the main artery of the national economy. In recent years, with the construction of railway speed increasing, the network has gradually expanded its coverage. How to ensure the safe operation of the railway transportation has always been an important issue of great concern of the government. Railway transportation of goods is accident prone. The loading state of the freight train can directly affect the safety of train operation. Dynamic measurement techniques of freight train loading conditions have become the field of research focus detection. This paper, based on existing equipment and combined with the experience of learning improvement in railway out of gauge tester design, gives practical advice.


The utility model discloses a milling cutter structure, which comprises a shank part and a cutting edge part. An end surface cutting edge structure is formed at the front end of the cutting edge part. Two spiral grooves are arranged on the exterior surface of the cutting edge part to form two symmetrical spiral side edges. The spiral inclination angles of the spiral side edges are between 15 degrees to 60 degrees. A distance is kept between the two spiral side edges. Each spiral side edge has a thickness. The distance is larger than the thickness. The ratio of the distance to the thickness is more than or equal to 2. The end surface cutting edge structure is a hexahedral cutting face structure or a dihedral cutting face structure. The milling cutter structure has the advantages that the scrap discharge function of the milling cutter is added and the situation of adhesion during machining and formation can be avoided.


This paper describes the design and implementation of the aggregation framework for UPnP/DLNA home network. The proposed aggregation service aggregates contents list from UPnP media servers in a home network and present them in a single contents list. The aggregation framework is designed to use as minimum bandwidth as possible in home network and to provide backward compatibility to UPnP media server and control point. The proposed method framework user to navigate contents list in home network and saves effort to find desired content from multiple UPnP media servers.


Abstract : The Ground-Truth Database (GTDB) is a collection of regional waveforms and phase parameters generated by seismic events of known type, (i.e. earthquake, quarry blast, etc.) where the event type is confirmed by some means in addition to seismic observations. The ground-truth data, in order of importance are: event type, location, depth and origin time. References to the source of the ground-truth (usually a document or a person) are readily available in the OTDB. The most significant modification to CSS 3.0 tables is that the origin table is used to store event information collected from experts in the local areas. This has resulted in a 'hybrid' origin table that contains, in each field, the best information available at the time of this writing. Version 1 of the GTDB includes 82 events in three distinct regions. Dataset #1 consists of 11 earthquakes and 15 quarry blasts in the Vogtland region of northwest Bohemia, Czech Republic; Dataset #2 consists of 25 events from an earthquake swarm just off the west coast of northern Norway in the Steigen area; Dataset #3 consists of 31 induced mine tremors in a major mining district known as the Lubin Copper Basin in western Poland. The GTDB is part of the Center's Central Database Repository (CDR), available on-line under the account 'DISCRIM1'.


PHM(prognostic and health management) in China is a rising technology in recent years.A real-time sensor network precept based on the wireless communication with compact as well as reliable protocol and mature sensor technology is introduced.It is customized by the application of equipment health diagnose and residual-cycle prediction by monitoring the ambient parameters(e.g.temperature,humidity and etc) but the directly measure of some performance parameters is impossible in electronic production.


Those familiar with the latter parts of Piers Plowman will recall that Need makes his mysterious entrance immediately after we have witnessed the origins of disharmony in the redeemed field of Dobest. When several shady characters claim discipleship to three of the cardinal virtues, we may suspect a note of cynicism in their professions; but one (the brewer) has openly defied Conscience altogether.


In this paper, an innovative and manipulative learning tool was proposed. We called it "Web3D Virtual Classroom System". We used it to improve geometry problem solving based on the pedagogical theory: "The learning representation mode is from the concrete items to abstract ideas through physical or mental manipulation". In Taiwan 9-year integrated curriculum syllabus, emphasizing the importance of learning geometric concept through real life experience. By that we hope for children can find the factors and relations from different kinds of geometric objects, and then to construct correct geometric concept. In recent years, the Virtual Reality technology has been applied in military training and video games etc., but it was rarely employed in formal educational context. And especially for geometry learning, learners should promote their understanding through coordination, integration and structuring activities with geometric objects. For above reasons, we have developed "Web3D Virtual Classroom System" by integrating virtual manipulative and multimedia whiteboard. That was mean learners can solve geometric problems with manipulating objects, and propose their solution on multimedia whiteboard. Furthermore. And we also involved the asynchronous cooperation by introducing peer assessment and solution revision mechanism. This paper was divided into two parts. In first part, we described literature discussion, system design and system development. In the second part, we investigated perceived acceptance of proposed system and students'' solving methods from two system studies. The questionnaires'' result showed that subjects agreed our proposed system is useful and they also had positive attitude to ease of use.


Adaptive User Interfaces (AUIs) are a continuously growing area of research, with numerous experimental and commercial systems reported in the literature, in diverse application areas. Although there exist today a number of established approaches and frameworks for the design and implementation of AUIs, their evaluation is yet to be addressed in a comprehensive way. Arguably, the main drawback of existing evaluation methods and techniques is that they fail to provide adequate feedback into the AUI design process, or to generate empirical findings that can be reused across application boundaries. This paper proposes a new, modular approach to the evaluation of AUIs, which is specifically intended to cater for the aforementioned problems. The adaptive Nautilus Web browser, on which the approach will be applied is also briefly presented.


This discussion presupposes a diagnosis of acute suppurative otitis media and a patient presented with a discharging ear from either spontaneous rupture or incision of the tympanic membrane. The objects to be attained by treatment in addition to symptomatic relief include, as outlined by Macfarlan 1 in 1931, (1) bacteriologic determination of the type of infection, (2) removal of local or general causes of reinfection, (3) securing and maintaining of good drainage, (4) aseptic cleansing, (5) termination of the discharge and (6) restoration of hearing. These objectives are still excellent guides to treatment. BACTERIOLOGIC DETERMINATION OF THE TYPE OF INFECTION The bacteriologic determination of the type of infection is more important today than in 1931 for two reasons: First, it leads the physician to a knowledge of what is to be expected during the course of the two gross types—those caused by the streptococcus and those caused by the stapylococcus. This


DON'T KNOW much about old people's homes," said one elderly I Japanese woman, "but they don't sound like places where one would want to go." Despite this widely-held feeling, the number of nursing homes in Japan has increased from one in 1963 to 1,165 in 1981, and about one hundred new ones continue to be built each year.1 Although this number is still small compared to the United States and Europe, the existence of the nursing home in a society where it was once stipulated that the eldest son had legal responsibility for his parents warrants attention.


Today many industries now use the dryer as a part of grain-drying process even during wet and dry seasons. This helps in reducing spoilage and wastage of paddy. Mostly the available industrial dryers are expensive to purchase and to maintain its smooth functioning. This study therefore is a step to design a simple Plug flow fluidized dryer that can lead to introduce small scale dryers to paddy process industry. The Plug flow fluidized bed dryers are designed and fabricated in this study consists of the drying chamber, hot air distributer plate, hot air inlet and exit system, paddy entry and exit system, fluidization chamber unit with temperature control unit and the centrifugal fan. The evaluation of dryer is based on drying time and reduction in moisture content and outlet temperature of paddy on quality parameters. Dryer dimensions are very important to analyze heat and mass transfer analysis of the Plug flow fluidized bed drying process of paddy grains. It was found d that heat and mass transfer properties of paddy grains in fluidized bed dryer was decreases as the time of drying passes and very rapid at the start of drying. The model present here predicts about dryer dimensions along safe zone of rough rice moisture content with other parameters. Simulation results show a good agreement between the simulation model and the existing simulation models.


Effect of sucrose on the rheology of aqueous alumina suspensions with polyacrylate(PAA) was investigated.The results showed that sucrose could improve the stability of alumina suspensions with PAA in acid and alkaline conditions.At pH 9.0,the viscosity of PAA-H2O-Al2O3 suspension decreased with the increasing of the sucrose content,and did not vary appreciably when the content of sucrose exceeding 4wt%.Sucrose could obviously raise the rheology of slurry with low addition of PAA(0.3wt %).Sucrose could enhance the stability of alumina suspensions with 25-40vol%,especially 40vol%,solid loadings.Besides,adding sucrose could improve the anti-electrolyte properties of PAA-H2O-Al2O3 suspensions.


A central insertion scheme based on the " divide- and- conquer" of Yang and Lee,which is proposed by Jiang et al.,is introduced in this thesis. It is used to calculate electronic structures of poly( ethylene terephthalate),based on the hybrid density function theory B3 LYP and density function theory wB97 XD including dispersion effect level respectively. Furthermore,we obtain its one- photon absorption. By careful comparison,we found that the energy gap of the investigated system increase about ~ 3eV in the case of density function theory wB97XD;Moreover,the number of the spectra feature is induced and it is located at the high energy area,which indicates that dispersion effect has an obvious influence on the electronic structures and optical property of poly( ethylene terephthalate).


Several multi-hop applications developed for vehicular ad hoc networks use broadcast as a means to either discover nearby neighbors or disseminate useful traffic information to othet vehicles located within a certain geographical area. However, the conventional broadcast mechanism may lead to the so-called broadcast storm problem, a scenario in which there is a high level of contention and collision at the link layer due to an excessive number of broadcast packets. To solve broadcast storm problem, we propose an RPB-MACn-based LV-CAST that is a vehicular broadcast algorithm for disseminating safety-related emergency message. The proposed LV-CAST identifies the last node within transmission range by computing the distance extending on 1 hop from the sending node of an emergency message to the next node of receiving node of the emergency message, and the last node only re-broadcasts the emergency message. The performance of LV-CAST is evaluated through simulation and compared with other message dissemination algorithms.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies to fight against money laundering crimes in Colombia.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines Colombian money laundering situations with some methodologies of network science to apply AI tools.

Findings
This paper identifies the suspicious operations with AI methodologies, which are not common by number, quantity or characteristics within the economic or financial system and normal practices of companies or industries.

Research limitations/implications
Access to financial institutions' data was the most difficult element for research because affect the implementation of a set of different algorithms and network science methodologies.

Practical implications
This paper tries to reduce the social and economic implications from money laundering (ML) that result from illegal activities and different crimes against inhabitants, governments, public resources and financial systems.

Social implications
This paper proposes a software architecture methodology to fight against ML and financial crime networks in Colombia which are common in different countries. These methodologies complement legal structure and regulatory framework.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper is how within the flow already regulated by financial institutions to manage the ML risk, AI can be used to minimize and identify this kind of risk. For this reason, the authors propose to use the graph analysis methodology for monitoring and identifying the behavior of different ML patterns with machine learning techniques and network science methodologies. These methodologies complement legal structure and regulatory framework.


Studio is the main place of television production. And stable and reliable power supply system in the studio is necessary premise to ensure the smooth production of TV shows. It mainly refers to two aspects. The one is able to supply uninterruptible power supply to the audio, video, lighting equipment; And the second refers to that the design and construction process of earthing system is done according to the power distribution requirements to prevent the interference of harmonic and magnetic field on audio and video equipment.


This paper analyses the problems of accessibility posed by scientific articles published in digital format, focusing on the ease of use of their content with respect to the form in which they are published (irrespective of the recovery system). The two most widely used formats for the publication of scientific articles in digital format, HTML and PDF, are analysed, examining reader performance in relation to the presence of contents lists or internal or linked tables. The study involved two groups: 30 blind subjects, all JAWS users, contacted through the ONCE Foundation, and 30 sighted subjects, lecturers in the Department of Librarianship and Documentation of the University of Barcelona. The results shows the location of data in tables is easier in HTML documents through the inclusion of a contents list linked to these tables. Further, the inclusion of complete tables in the body of HTML document facilitates the reading activity of blind users. At the methodological level, this work reports two novelties with respect to the existing literature on usability by blind people: it examines the usability of the PDF format, and discusses a quantitative usability test. The latter hinders comparison with the majority of published articles.


Current aspects of the enzymes involved in the assimilation of nitrate and ammonium ions are described. The three initial reactions, the uptake and the two reductases (nitrate and nitrite reductase) are turned on in root and leaf tissues by nitrate additions to the medium. In root tissues an isoform of ferredoxin glutamate synthase and of glutamine synthetase are also induced by nitrate. cDNA clones of the enzymes nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase have been reported and regions of the promoter of the nitrite reductase gene which respond to nitrate and light have been defined. Asparagine and glutamine repress the induction of the two reductases and the uptake system but are without effect on protein levels of the other enzymes involved in the assimilation process.


PAPERS CONTRIBUTED— *AGB Mirza Muhammad Haydar Dughlat on the Harat School of Painters (T. W. Arnold) ' 671 H a s a n i S a b b a h a n d t h e A s s a s s i n s ( L a u r e n c e L o c k h a r t ) . . . . 6 7 5 M a t t a v i l a s a : a F a r c e . B y M a h e n d r a v i k r a m a v a r m a n ( T r a n s l a t e d b y L . D . B a r n e t t ) 6 9 7 Some Prob lems of Indo-Aryan Philology (Ju les Bloch) . . . . 719 The Miscellanea of I shan (Edi ted and t r ans la t ed b y E . D . Edwards ) . . 757 Notes on t h e Temple of Heaven a t Moukden ( E . D . E d w a r d s ) . . . 787 R a m a k a t h a — a S tudy (K . R . P isharo t i ) 797 Gleanings from Early Urdu Poets, I I (T. Grahame Bailey) . . . 8 0 1 Children's Stories from Chinese Turkestan (Collected and translated by R. 0 . Wingate) 809 Notes on a Grammar of the Language of Ongtong Java (H. Ian Hogbin\ 823 A Note on the Ying tsao fa shih (W. Perceval Yette) . . . . 8 5 5 The Orkhon Inscriptions (Translated from the Danish by E . Denison Ross) 861 " Ra'ina " (David Kunstlinger) 877 Lahnda and Lahndi (Sir George A. Grierson) . . . . . 883 The History of the Japanese Particle " I " (S. Yoshitake) . . . 8 8 9 Professor J . Markwart (E. Denison Ross and V. Minorsky) . . . 897 REVIEWS OP BOOKS . See next page.


M.G. Mattera received a fellowship from the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (BES-2012-055961). This research was funded by grant AGL2014-53195R from the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad, Spain (MINECO), with cofinancing from the European Regional Development Fund.


The test area was a 3-yr-old stand of'Cimarron' variety alfalfa. The plots were 34 × 36 ft, and all treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gal total vol/acre. Treatments were applied 16 Apr, except for treatments of Furadan 4 F at 0.5 lb (AI)/acre and Pounce 3.2 EC at 0.1 lb (AI)/acre, which were applied on 27 Mar and 19 Apr, respectively. The treatments were applied with a low-pressure, low-volume Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 SS8003 Teejet nozzles and operated at 35 psi. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 3, 7, 10, 14, 18 and 22 DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net. A standard treatment of Furadan 4 F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison.


Aiming at the deficiencies of low defense level, incomplete defense objects and low intelligence of the existing near-zone defense system, this paper proposes an comprehensive near-zone defense system for coastal important areas, which has the ability to deal with the three-dimensional threat objects in diversified combat scenarios. Through the construction of demonstration system in the form of real equipment plus simulator, the demonstration and key technology verification of the comprehensive near-zone defense system for coastal important areas are carried out, which provides a reference for the further exploration of new near-zone defense system.


Parallel manufacturing in Industry 5.0 requires digital twin to digitize physical systems, building virtual models to open up channels connecting physical systems, information systems, and social systems, and transforming the physical models of the existing production environment to achieve two-way feedback of virtual and real is the current research direction. This paper proposes the modeling idea of lightweight digital twin, extracts core dimensions and performs digital virtual simulation, so as to quickly realize the complete process of two-way feedback, and realize a set of chess flexible parallel manufacturing production lines as a practice for the design of complete lightweight digital twin.


The Fermi surface pockets that lie at the corner of the two-iron Brillouin zone in heavily electron-doped iron selenide superconductors are accounted for by an extended Hubbard model over the square lattice of iron atoms that includes the principal 3dxz and 3dyz orbitals. At half filling, and in the absence of intra-orbital next-nearest neighbor hopping, perfect nesting between electron-type and hole-type Fermi surfaces at the the center and at the corner of the one-iron Brillouin zone is revealed. It results in hidden magnetic order in the presence of magnetic frustration within mean field theory. An Eliashberg-type calculation that includes spin-fluctuation exchange finds that the Fermi surfaces undergo a Lifshitz transition to electron/hole Fermi surface pockets centered at the corner of the two-iron Brillouin zone as on-site repulsion grows strong. In agreement with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy on iron selenide high-temperature superconductors, only the two electron-type Fermi surface pockets remain after a rigid shift in energy of the renormalized band structure by strong enough electron doping. At the limit of strong on-site repulsion, a spin-wave analysis of the hidden-magnetic-order state finds a 'floating ring' of low-energy spin excitations centered at the checkerboard wavenumber ( π , π ) . This prediction compares favorably with recent observations of low-energy spin resonances around (π, π) in intercalated iron selenide by inelastic neutron scattering.


Mice subjected to equal acute injury hy exposure to 250kvp, 135-kvp, or 80-kvp x rays show a uniform degree of chronic injury. Mean aftersurvival and tumor incidence are the same for all radiation qualities. Females demonstrate a greater sensitivity to chronic radiation injury than males. Reduction of life expectancy aiter dosages in the midlethal range averages 36.7% and 29.2% for females and males, respectively. In the x-ray energy ramge of 80 k.vp to 250 kvp, the values for comparative effectiveness de- . rived from acute LD/sub 50(30)/ air doses are concluded to be equally valid for measuring effectiveness in terms of chronic injury and mortality after single-dose whole-body exposure. (auth)


Industrialization is the process of industrial structure adjustment, optimizing and upgrading ceaselessly. In the rapid process, industrial structure and layout have been driving factors affecting environmental quality because industrial pollution comprises 70 percent of the whole. Taking Jiangsu province as an example, this paper studies the altering effects of polluting industry in waste water and exhausted gas in 1991, 1998 and 2003, and concludes that industrial adjustment is harmful to pollutant controll. Contrasting the industrial layout and pollutants in south Jiangsu and north Jiangsu from 1990 to 2002, it is proved that with the industry assembling in one region, its environment will degrade correspondingly.The mechanism of industrial structure and layout that influence environment is analyzed in this paper from both generative and social aspects. According to the principle of environmental economics, there is a tight relationship between environmental pollutants and dominant economic factors, which are at the level of economic growth, industrial structure and layout, investment in environment and governmental regulations. To validate the effects of industrial structure and layout, we make a positive analysis of Jiangsu Province, using its social and economic data from 1990 to 2002. Through examination, most results of factors are in accordance with anticipation except for governmental regulations. The result is that the factor of environmental investing notably decreases pollution, whereas others increaseit. The article draws a conclusion that heavy industrial structure is the first main factor leading to pollution and the industrial layout is the second one. At last, we give some suggestions for industrial structure and layout's further adjustment.In formulating industrial policies and altering industries,Putting emphasis of resources consumption and influence on environment of every industry and product is the requisite of sustainable development.


The aim of audit is to provide a reliable independent examination of the financial statements which will be useful to users of financial statements in taking effective decisions. This study examines the impact of auditor rotation on audit quality of NSE listed companies in India. Our results show that the audit partner rotation contributes negatively to audit quality and audit firm rotation is not an important determinant of audit quality. The present study is based on a sample of 1644 NSE listed companies during the period of 2011-2018. It constitutes a large panel sample of 11205 firm-year observations on NSE listed companies in India. Our study contributes to the literature on auditor rotation and audit quality by providing evidence at both audit partner as well as audit firm level. The findings state that audit partner rotation adversely affects audit quality.


Fish populations are distributed according to the characteristics of the environment and the requirements of the various species. Some indications show a certain variability of populations related to the fluctuations of parameters in the ecosystem. The examination of vital cycles shows up the specific needs and the consequences of natural or anthropical modifications of the environment. Some examples show the consequences of some developments on fish populations. Consideration of fish requirements has apparently changed favourably over the last few years. More numerous on site tracking has, however, led to less empiricism which usually prevailed on certain occasions in waterway upkeep. No section of the aquatic environment can be considered in isolation out of the context of the catchment area.


Urban stream restoration is plagued with the risk of failure primarily because of a lack of understanding the differences between urban and rural hydrology. In addition, there are also much larger differences in regional stream restoration practices associated with the Quaternary history of floodplain and stream channel evolution. This paper is a continuation of Schlindwein (2004); unlike the previous paper, which concentrated on physical phenomenon, this paper will place stream restoration into a broader Quaternary classification and then compare and contrast policy and practice.


Summary form only given. In nanometer CMOS technologies, several new phenomena occur as a result of the shorter channel-lengths. The most important ones are velocity saturation and gate leakage currents. As a result analog signal processing suffers from reduced accuracy and more noise. Also the transconductance and speed are both limited by velocity saturation. Moreover the supply voltage has been reduced to values around 1 Volt, creating new challenges for analog signal processing. This presentation provides an overview of these phenomena. They are illustrated by a review of the most important building blocks for analog signal processing in nm CMOS technologies. Amplifiers and filters are discussed and compared based on generally accepted FOM (Figures of Merit). It is followed by an overview of sub-1 Volt circuits for various applications. Rail-to-rail amplifiers and amplifiers/filters configurations are given with both Gate and Bulk drives.


The invention provides a method for transmitting HARQ-ACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat-Request Acknowledgement) feedback information in an inter-eNB carrier aggregation system. The method comprises the following steps: UE (User Equipment) receives first configuration information from a Pcell (Primary Cell) eNB, wherein the first configuration information configures that the UE works in an inter-eNB carrier aggregation working mode; the UE receives PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) data from each cell participating in inter-eNB carrier aggregation; the UE transmits HARQ-ACK feedback information of the PDSCH data received from each cell of the Pcell eNB to the Pcell eNB through a Pcell, and transmits HARQ-ACK feedback information of the PDSCH data received from each cell of a Scell (Secondary Cell) eNB to a corresponding Scell eNB through a specified Scell in the corresponding Scell eNB. The invention further provides user equipment. By applying the method and the equipment, transmission of HARQ-ACK feedback information can be realized in the inter-eNB carrier aggregation system.


From small to large, from inferior to superior, from following to leading, the many changes of roles have enabled the wireless communication industry of Japan to rise rapidly in the 1990s, which, therefore, has realized its goal of catching up with the advanced world level of development. Starting from government policies, restructuring of industries, raising of manufacturing capacity and upgrading of technology, Japan has taken advantage of various means to promote the rapid rise of the industry.


The levels and composition of agricultural dusts ar e influenced by animal species, production strategy , housing type and ventilation efficiency. Agricultural dust within animal houses is complex and consists of fee d particles, microbes and their products, dander, fecal matter, gases, metals and other organic and inorganic components. Livestock and poultry production facilities may be categorized as confinement, semi-confinement or pasturebased. Characterization of animal husbandry buildin g dust will provide insight into understanding expo sures experienced by animals, workers and farm visitors. The goal was to characterize biophysiochemical feat ures of livestock dusts from swine, small ruminant, equine, poultry and cattle husbandry units. Settled dust s amples were collected from livestock and poultry housing units at the University Farm and other livestock farms ac ross the state. Morphological features were determined by el ectron microscopy and gravimetry. Biochemical evaluation consisted of pH determination and trace metal detec tion via mass spectrometry. Biological assessment c entered on bacterial characterization via selective media, DNA analysis and endotoxin quantitation. Morphological analyses revealed higher levels of respirable and t horacic particles in poultry, swine, small ruminant and equine units compared to the dairy unit (p<0.01). Dusts we re slightly acidic with the exception of the NCAT s mall ruminant unit (p<0.05). Dust endotoxin levels were consistent and bacterial species detected include Listeria and Escherichia coli . These findings suggest animal husbandry buildings harbor higher levels of smaller respirable and thoracic dust particles compared to inhalable p articles. This information may be helpful in unders tanding dust exposures experienced by animals, farmers and agricultural workers.


Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) with high tracking accuracy plays an important role in unmanned factories and intelligent manufacturing, and has a broad development prospect. In order to improve the accuracy of AGV trajectory tracking, a two-input single-output fuzzy adaptive parallel proportional-integral-derivatives (PIDs) trajectory tracking control algorithm is proposed in this paper. A mathematical model of lateral distance error and navigation angle error of AGV is constructed and used as control inputs. A weighted summation method is proposed to merge the outputs of parallel PIDs into a single-output to adjust the speed of AGV driving wheels. In the simulation experiments, the AGV tracks linear and circular reference trajectories, respectively. Simulation results have demonstrated that the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm for AGV trajectory tracking.


IGHER education in American society gains only a part of its significance from the personal satisfactions and self-realization that come from general learning and the mastery of high level skills. More importantly, higher education confers increased chances for income, power, and prestige on people who are fortunate enough to obtain it.' In modern technological societies the allocation of social position is increasingly dependent on higher education. Entrance into an ever enlarging range of valued occupations is restricted to those whose educational attainments beyond secondary school are presumed to have given them the habits of thought, attitudes, and special skills that these occupations require (Sorokin, 1927:169-172, 187-193; Lenski, 1966:389-395; Blau and Duncan, 1967: 401-441; Miller and Roby, 1970:119-141; Hauser, 1970). It has long been accepted that training for the higher professions should be an almost exclusive monopoly of colleges and universities. More recently this near monopoly has been extended to include many subprofessional and technical occupations as well. Even the training required for the skilled blue-collar and lower level whitecollar occupations-which formerly was acquired on the job, through apprenticeships, or in vocational curricula in high schoolshas increasingly been shifted to post-secondary institutions. Recently there has been a good deal of criticism of the overemphasis on credentialism and the certification role that colleges and other educational institutions perform (Miller and Reissman, 1969; Berg, 1970; Newman et al., 1971:38-43). This criticism is particularly persuasive whenever it can be shown that the educational requirements for entry into an occupation have little bearing on the activities of that occupation. It is especially unfortunate that when such requirements are artificially high, many otherwise qualified persons from disadvantaged * Presidential Address, 66th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 30, 1971, Denver, Colorado. The research reported herein was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service (M-62 75) and the Social and Rehabilitation Service, Social Security Administration (CRD-3 14). I wish especially to thank Robert M. Hauser for his critical comments and suggestions and for his contribution to the analytical work reported here. David Mechanic and Bryant E. Kearl made valuable suggestions for the revision of an earlier draft of this paper. I wish also to acknowledge the contributions of my professional associates on this project over the years: Archibald 0. Haller, Kenneth G. Lutterman, Vimal P. Shah, Janet A. Fisher, Ronald M. Pavalko, Robert M. Hauser, J. Michael Armer, Alan M. Orenstein, Eldon L. Wegner, Alejandro Portes, George W. Ohlendorf, Herschel Shosteck, Victor Jesudason, Dorothy M. Ellegaard, and Ruth M. Gasson. 1 There is a vast literature on the economic benefits of education which shows that those with advanced education enjoy much higher annual and lifetime earnings than those with lesser education. See especially Schultz (1963), Morgan and David (1963), Becker (1964), Innes et al. (1965), Weisbrod and Karpoff (1968), and Bowman (1971). Our own unpublished results indicate that, even when we control for ability, average annual earnings of college graduates are considerably higher than the earnings of those who obtained less posthigh school education. These results are based on 1967 data, and these earning differentials doubtless will increase over the years as those in the professions and business enter the more productive phases of their careers.


O'Loughlin et al.'s article in the July issue of Anaesthesia [1] raises some issues about the way we consider visualisation and documentation of laryngeal anatomy in relation to tracheal intubation. Articles on airway devices often refer to the laryngeal view that can be obtained as an indicator of intubation difficulty, and for direct laryngoscopy this is a reasonable association to make. The Cormack and Lehane method of scoring laryngeal view [2] is probably the most commonly used in anaesthetic practice, and modifications of the original score from Yentis [3] and Cook [4] have added extra sub-scores in an effort to increase the precision of the information collected. The score may be used in studies to compare the view obtained under different circumstances or using different devices, and it may also be recorded on the anaesthetic chart as an indicator of future laryngeal views. However, it is not ideal as a tool for airway assessment as there may be substantial variation in interpretation of what is seen and what score is recorded [5–8]. As well as inter-rater reliability, there is the question of accuracy of the scoring, that is, the proportion of assessments that were correct. However, in clinical practice, what is correct? The score is based on laryngeal view, but it is not always appreciated that the Cormack and Lehane score is based on the best view that could have been obtained. This, in turn, depends on adequate preparation for laryngoscopy, such as optimal head positioning and experienced assistance. There is also a presumption of a reasonable level of individual skill from the operator, but expertise in laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy may be difficult to define [9]. These are variables which may differ between laryngoscopy attempts, and suboptimal conditions will also result in an inaccurate score. A standard of accuracy can, therefore, be defined but may not always be achieved.


Software bug localization is very important in software engineering, but it is also complicated and time consuming. To improve the efficiency of developers, researchers have developed various traditional bug localization and machine learning bug localization methods. In this paper, we propose a novel method that improves bug localization performance. First, surface lexical correlation matching between bug reports and source code files is used to obtain features by deep neural network. Second, to solve the lexical gap between bug reports and source code files, semantic correlation matching between them is used to obtain features based on word embedding and sentence embedding by deep neural network. Then, the joint features obtained by the surface lexical and semantic correlation matching are fused into a unified feature representation for bug reports and source code files. In addition, since our experimental datasets are imbalanced data, we use a focal loss function to solve the impact of data imbalance. Finally, our method obtains the relatively high bug localization performance compared to other classic methods.


Disclosed are a load carrying apparatus for an offshore structure endurance test, an endurance test apparatus including the same, and an endurance test method. According to an aspect of the present invention, a load-bearing device includes a power line that is floating on the sea and can move on its own power, and a linear actuator that is refractively connected to a support structure installed on the power line. It is designed to apply an external force load for endurance test to the offshore structure under test with the horizontal moving propulsion force and the operating force generated by the linear actuator or the self-weight and sea surface surface tension of the power line and the operating force generated by the linear actuator at sea. do.


This study consists of the analysis and the commentary of the Traite complet de l'anatomie de l'homme 19th century doctor and anatomist Jean-Baptiste Marc Bourgery. Our aim is to analyse and solve the difficulties implied in scientific texts, and to produce a correct translation from the terminological, linguistic and pragmatic point of view. Due to the extension of the complete work, we have chosen a series of extracts about different subjects, although human anatomy is the base of the whole work. The study begins with a presentation of the main characteristics and difficulties of textual typologies on different levels; secondly, the source text in analysed; thirdly, the translation is provided, with a justification of the choices made in the final version.


Multiple myeloma (MM), second most common haematological malignancy, still remains incurable with the acquiring of drug resistance. Melphalan therapy which has been used as one of the key therapies against MM, is impeded by the occurrence of Melphalan resistance. The precise underlying mechanism of this acquired Melphalan resistance in MM is not yet well deciphered. Therefore, this present study was aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated micro RNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) from the microarray dataset of Melphalan resistant and Melphalan sensitive MM cell lines, obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs were analysed using GEO2R tool from the dataset. Then the gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis were executed by using DAVID database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed and analysed by using STRING database and Cytoscape tool. Genetic alterations in DEGs were studied through COSMIC database. Network of interaction of DEGs and miRNAs as well as TFs was constructed and analysed by using mirDIP, TRRUST and miRNet tools. Drug gene interaction was examined to identify potential drug molecules by DGIdb tool. Various DEGs that might play pivotal role in Melphalan resistant MM, were detected and selected for further analysis. miRNA analysis detected hsa-mir- 21-3p, hsa-mir-27a-5p, hsa-mir-129-2-3p that could interact with maximum target DEGs. One TF, STAT1 was found to regulate the expression of selected DEGs. The whole study may give a better understanding about the Melphalan resistance in MM.


Either ATIC or Fermi-LAT data can be fitted together with the PAMELA data by three components: primary background ~ E−3.3, secondary background ~ E−3.6, and an additional source of electrons ~ E−γaExp(−E/Ecut). We find that the best fits for ATIC + PAMELA and for Fermi + PAMELA are approximately the same, γa ≈ 2 and Ecut ~ 500 GeV. However, the ATIC data have a narrow bump between 300 GeV and 600 GeV which contradicts the smooth Fermi spectrum. An interpretation of the ATIC bump as well as the featureless Fermi spectrum in terms of dark matter models and pulsars is discussed.


The aim of the article was to identify the socio-economical conditions of famers' households economical security in 2013, according to farmers' households classification, basing on the level of needs' safisfaction, measured with the size of social minimum cart, using the Classification and Regression Trees. The research was conducted, basing on raw data from Households Budget survey, made by Central Stastistical Office in 2013. The research showed that the main determinants of the level of needs' satisfaction in farmers' households were: household size and the level of education of houseolds' head. In 2013, the highest level of economic security characterised housholds, counting 1, 2 or 3 members, with the head of household, having at least medium level of education. The lowest level of economic security characterised housholds, counting 6 or more members, with the head of household, having basic or medium level of education.


Breast cancer is the most common reason of cancer death. Early detection and diagnosis is very important in the treatment of breast cancer. There are various Machine Learning techniques available for the purpose of diagnosis of Breast Cancer data. In this study, we have compared the classification results of different techniques i.e. Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM),K Nearest Neighbor(KNN) and Decision Tree for classifying Breast Cancer dataset. We took Wisconsin Breast Cancer dataset available from UCI repository containing 699 instances. We compared the classification results obtained from these techniques i.e. KNN, SVM, Random Forest, Decision Tree (Recursive Partitioning and Conditional Inference Tree). The performance of each technique is evaluated using various performance measures. The classification results show that KNN gives better result


To improve the special ability,a new experiment system for pharmaceutical engineering was built based on the characteristics of pharmaceutical engineering.The practical results showed that through the new platform the ability of problem analysis and solving and creativity of the student were improved,quality education in the teaching reform was promoted,and the system to improve teaching management was strengthened.


Through conducting the experimental tests, this research aims at evaluating the maximum scour depth at the tip of bendway weirs and point-bar height at the inner bank side of the bend in a meander river. To achieve the purpose of this study, a meandering canal with movable bed (fed with a constant sediment discharge) were constructed. Different series of bendway weirs were constructed at the outer wall of the central bend at three inclination angles (60°, 75° and 90°), three lengths ratio (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) and three discharges ratio (0.8, 1 and 1.2) while the height and distance between weirs were kept fixed. At the end of each test the maximum scour depth and point-bar height were measured using a laser distance meter. The results show that the changes of length ratio and inclination angle do not affect significantly the point-bar height, weirs construction reduced the point-bar height at high flow discharge ratio (Q/Qd 1); as point-bar generally reduced by 20% and 18% (for various angles and lengths ratio, respectively) after weirs construction. Also, α=60 and Lw/B=0.4 have the maximum impact on the eroded surface of point-bar. Moreover length ratio of weirs equal to 0.3 and angle 75° has more effect on maximum scour depth than other parameters at the tip of weirs. [Hemmati M, Ghomeshi M, Kashefipour SM, Shafai-Bejestan M, Lanzoni S. Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Angle and Length of Bendway Weirs on Scouring and Sedimentation in a Meander River. J Am Sci 2012; 8(9):912-917]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 126


This research is motivated by the frequent occurrence of employee turnover in a company or business organization which has an impact on work productivity in the company due to lack of work motivation and employee work discipline. Therefore, work productivity is very important to be applied to this company to achieve the goals that have been set. The purpose of this study is the effect of motivation on the work productivity of employees of PT. Salawati Motorindo Sorong. This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. data collection by questionnaire technique. Respondents in this study as many as 56 people who are employees at PT. Salawati Motorindo Sorong. Hypotheses were formulated and tested using simple linear regression analysis. The results showed that there was a positive effect of 0,189 and significantly less than 0,05 between work motivation on employee productivity. Meanwhile, for the correlation coefficient interval relationship, there is a value of 0,40 – 0,599 or a moderate level of correlation. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination is 0.198 or 19.8% and 80.2% is influenced by other factors.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the likely effect of the abolition of company tax on the Ciskeian economy. After considering the case for and against a corporate tax exemption, the issues involved are analysed on two levels. Using aggregate data, drawn from available census data, we find that most firms seem likely either to prefer the existing package of industrial concessions to the tax holiday, or to be indifferent to either option. Similarly, a recent survey of manufacturing enterprises in Ciskei indicated that the majority would prefer the incentive package. Firms that might be attracted by the tax‐free option are likely to be relatively profitable, subsidiaries of multinational companies, and enjoying a higher turnover per worker than firms opting for the incentive package.


Responses do economic adjustment 3 Globalization and poverty 9 Citizenship, human rights and the modern nation states 13 Human rights and social cohesion 15 The globalization of human rights 16 Human rights and public policy 19 The reform agendas 23 Setting up the reform agendas 24 From economic to social reform 27 The political economy of the reforms 32