The effect of neutral protease activity of the mature koji on amino nitrogen content of the fermented soy sauce is researched,and the influence of three key factors in ventilated koji-making process,that is,loosening koji time,material temperature and ventilation volume in the late stage on neutral protease activity are also investigated.Results show that the mature koji with high neutral protease activity could increase soy sauce production rate significantly.The neutral protease activity of koji increased when postponing loose koji time properly,using culture temperature at 30~32 ℃ after the secondary loosening koji,and maintaining high-speed ventilation for 7 hours,and thus the protein utilization rate of raw materials in the ferment process would be improved.


Astrocytes are one of the most abundant cell types in our brain. They modulate the brain homeostasis and play a role in the synaptic signalling and thus the molecular propagation inside the brain. Moreover, they form communication networks that co-localise with the neuronal networks with comparable topological complexity. There is an increasing piece of evidence that astrocytes are important in plasticity and learning from the level of the single synapse to the entire network. Moreover, several diseases are molecular communications on different scales from the synaptic to network level.


Although it has been widely established that the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes are strongly linked to their chirality, boron nitride nanotubes, which are structurally similar, are uniformly insulating irrespective of their chiral index. The production of boron nitride nanotubes with metallic or semiconducting behaviour will therefore require more specific intervention, by chemically altering the stoichiometry or distribution of the boron and nitrogen atoms with respect to one another. Some of these chemical and structural combinations will be stable, while others will not. In the present study we use first principles computer simulations to investigate the bonding and structure of BxNy nanotubes, for the case of x,y = 1,2. The results indicate that B2N nanotubes represent viable candidates for synthesis efforts, although the resultant structures are decorated with defective sites produced by the breaking of unstable N–N bonds.


The extragalactic gamma-ray background measured by The Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope is substantially different from previous measurements. Fermi has clarified that the dominant emission mechanism comes from cosmic-ray interactions with interstellar gas in normal galaxies. We present a constraint of cosmological cosmic-ray contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray background. Even though normal galaxies seem to be dominant component, they still fall short to explain measured gamma-ray background at highest energies, thus another source has to be taken into consideration. Using models of evolution of cosmic accretion shock, we calculate pionic gamma-ray source-function for cosmological cosmic rays independent of redshift. We show that cosmological cosmic rays could even dominate the extragalactic gamma-ray background at highest energies. We also show that measured background can well be explained by these two cosmic-ray components normal star-forming galaxies and cosmological cosmic rays.


Along with the fast development of web technology, the requirement for dynamic web pages increase day by day.The technology of connection and access to the backstage database is the core of dynamic web page.The paper mainly discusses the implemented method of connection and access to the backstage database in different dynamic web pages.


In a previous study, some preliminary results showed that a particular cobalt stearate-aluminum alkyl (Co(stearate)/sub 2/Et/sub 3/Al) (I) homogeneous transition metal complex related to Ziegler catalysts was a very effective hydrogenation promoter under mild temperature conditions (50-100/degree/C) and hydrogen pressures of from 500-1000 psi. Since most of the aromatic structures studied consisted of one, two and three ring units, the Ziegler catalysts used as hydrogenation catalysts should successfully add hydrogen to the aromatic rings in coal. Significantly, aromatic compounds such as naphthalene (II) and polynuclear nitrogen heteroaromatic compounds such as quinoline (III) are found to occur in coal and oil shale. The selective hydrogenation of these materials to form additional useful compounds i.e., naphthalene (II) to form 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanaphthalene (IV) would provide an alternate use of a rather abundant natural resource. Recently, it has been reported that quinolines and isoquinoline can be selectively hydrogenated in the nitrogen-containing ring to form 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (V) and N-formyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline by means of a carbon monoxide and water mixture in the presence of a catalytic amount of rhodium carbonyl cluster at 150/degree/C, 800 psi hydrogen and with stirring for 24 hr. We wish to report that similar hydrogenation of naphthalene (II), quinoline (III), 2-methylquinoline, and isoquinoline canmore » be carried out using catalysts (I) under somewhat milder conditions but no hydrogenation occurs for nitro- or chloro substituted quinolines. We will also discuss the results of using catalyst (I) to hydrogenate Illinois no. 6 coal from the premium coal sample program.« less


The invention discloses a mounting structure of a card slot cover of a vehicle-mounted navigator expansion card. The mounting structure comprises a panel, wherein the panel is provided with a card slot of the expansion card; a cover body matched with the card slot in shape is arranged on the card slot; a connection column which is vertical to the cover body is arranged at the part, close to one end, of the inner side surface of the cover body; the connection column is sleeved by s positioning ring; a card opening is formed in the positioning ring; a positioning hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the connection column, of the bottom surface of the card slot; a bulge which is matched with a notch on the positioning ring is arranged on one side of the positioning hole; the connection column and the positioning ring penetrate through the positioning hole; and when the cover body covers the card slot, the card opening and the bulge are located on the two opposite sides of the connection column. The mounting structure of the card slot cover of the vehicle-mounted navigator expansion card is simple in structure, convenient to use and rapid to assemble, and has good stability.


We present the results of sediment texture, δ13C values, TOC, TN, TOC/TN, and magnetic susceptibility (χlf) of a 1.54-m deep sediment trench recovered from the core monsoon zone (CMZ) of central India, to understand the paleovegetational history and Indian summer monsoon (ISM) variability during the Holocene. The lower δ13C values, TOC/TN ratio, and magnetic susceptibility (χlf) from ~11.4 to 9.5 ka BP suggest enhanced ISM intensity, which is well correlated with other available ISM records from both terrestrial as well as marine archives. A gradual stepwise expansion of C4 plants during ~8.1 and 6.3 ka BP, ~6.3 to 4.7 ka BP, and ~3.0 to 2.0 ka BP suggests a gradual weakening of ISM. The highest δ13C values (–18.7‰) recorded at ~2.0 ka BP indicate the dominance of C4 plants suggesting the weakest phase of ISM in the study area. The expansion of C3 plants from ~2.0 to 1.6 ka BP indicates a sudden increase in ISM intensity. Subsequently, three stages of enhanced ISM have been recorded between ~1.6 and 0.93 ka BP, ~0.76 and 0.42 ka BP, and ~0.28 ka BP to present.


Remission is now a realistic goal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a third of patients achieving sustained remission through the use of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) in modern treat-to-target strategies. Nevertheless, csDMARDs pose a risk of severe side-effects and require regular blood safety monitoring, which is both intrusive for patients and expensive for healthcare systems. This poses a therapeutic challenge – when is it appropriate to withdraw csDMARDs from patients with RA in sustained disease remission? In the first part of this presentation we will use case histories to contrast the possible outcomes following withdrawal of csDMARDs from patients in sustained remission, highlighting the uncertainty facing patients and their clinicians in this scenario (presented by Dr Kenneth Baker). In the second section of this lecture (presented by Prof John Isaacs) we will discuss the criteria to consider when stopping csDMARDs, any potential risks to the strategy, and the potential to identify informative biomarkers to help guide management of the patient in remission. Disclosure of Interest None declared


We identified 2-phenylisophosphindoline 2-oxide as a suitable and potentially tunable catalyst for the catalytic Wittig reaction of aldehydes with activated organohalides. This catalyst was obtained by a straightforward two-step synthesis. Trimethoxysilane proved to be an efficient reducing agent for the in situ generation and regeneration of the catalyst from the corresponding phosphane oxide. Sodium carbonate was identified as a suitable base for the transformation. It is note


Asynchronous networks on chip (NoCs) are promising candidates for supporting the enormous communication needed by future many-core systems due to their low-energy and high-speed. Similar to synchronous NoCs, asynchronous NoCs are vulnerable to faults but their fault-tolerance is not studied adequately, especially the quasi-delay insensitive (QDI) NoCs. One of the key issues neglected by most designers is that permanent faults in QDI NoCs cause deadlocks, which cripples the traditional fault-tolerant techniques using redundant codes. A novel detection method has been proposed to locate the faulty link in a QDI NoC according to a common pattern shared by all fault-related deadlocks. It is shown that this method introduces low hardware overhead and reports permanently faulty links with a short delay and guaranteed accuracy.


Due to that the polarization scattering matrixes of single reflection, double reflection and single diffraction at different angles are ignored, the polarization scattering matrix of trihedral corner reflector is usually assumed to be [1 0; 0 1], which resulting in inaccuracy by utilizing its polarization to anti-jamming. Therefore, this paper comprehensively analyzes the polarization scattering matrix of trihedral corner reflector based on high-frequency approximation. Firstly, we seperately analyze various reflection components based on the PO-SBR model, so as to cure the deficiency that the classification discussion methods are susceptible to changes in target size and shape. Then, the polarization scattering matrixes of single reflection, double reflection, triple reflection and single diffraction are rigorously deduced, and demonstrated by combining amplitude/phase information. In this process, we successfully integrate the six kinds of double reflection by the transforming of polarization base. Subsequently, the polarization scattering matrixes in two-dimensional space are extended into three-dimensional space, which are more suitable for the polarization characteristics of trihedral corner reflector. Finally, we compare the model in this paper with the MoM of Feko software, and obviously accelerate the model in this paper through CUDA. The conclusion of this paper is significant for the polarization analysis of trihedral corner reflector to anti-jamming.


Job stress can result in an imbalance in the psychological and physical condition of a worker. Job stress on farmers can occur due to heavy work, long working hours, exposure of farmers to pesticides and nicotine. Farmers who have the risk of job stress will need support from the family. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between family social support and job stress on tobacco farmers in Kalisat District, Jember Regency. This study uses a cross-sectional design with sampling techniques using cluster sampling and proportional sampling with a sample size of 91 (CI: 90%). The measuring instruments used were job stress and family support questionnaires (Cronbach's Alpha 0.937; 0.793). This research has been declared to have passed the health research ethics feasibility test. The results of this study indicate that the job stress experienced by farmers obtains the results of the middle score of 47(45-49) included in the low category, while the family social support is obtained in the middle value 75(73-76) include in the very high category. The results of the analysis using the Spearman test obtained a p-value of 0.174 (p> 0.05), there was no relationship between family social support and work stress on tobacco farmers in Kalisat District, Jember Regency. There's no relationship between this research and bivariate analysis, but the results of the analysis of the two variables are in accordance with the theory, if family social support is high, then work stress is low.


The general observation that dual sensory input enhances signal detectability is of considerable interest from the information‐processing standpoint. Previous experiments on the effects of intersensory interaction have been concerned primarily with an observer's performance on a vigilance task. These studies have not produced results that are sufficiently precise to define the extent and manner of sensory interaction. This study is concerned with obtaining precise measurements of interaction occurring between auditory and visual sensory‐information‐processing networks. Separate auditory and visual threshold functions are determined and analyzed in terms of signal‐detection theory. A bisensory threshold function is also determined, using equated stimuli levels derived from the individual sensory functions. The results of the bisensory test are compared to a theoretically derived curve based on the hypothesis of probabilistic adding and are found to have good correspondence.


In the method of curing is mixed with a binder was mineral wool through microwaves, thereby generating additional heat through the installation of microwave active material, are performed through the curing of the binder material.


but certainly reflects the amount of research effort put into this field by institutions in Singapore and those in India (source of the second largest number of contributions) The low number of submissions from Europe and the USA may well reflect the relative importance of the much larger SPIE Photonics West and Photonics Europe conferences. It would be impossible to pick out and summarise any of these papers in detail. On the whole they are reports of experimental work which range in level from relatively straightforward discussions of system properties to descriptions of highly complex structures. For researchers in the field the volume will almost certainly contain some useful nuggets of information.


Flexible manipulator has been widely used because of its flexibility. In addition, the tendon-sheath mechanism has the advantages of compact structure and strong flexibility, and it can be used as the driving transmission mode of the flexible manipulator. However, the nonlinear and hysteretic characteristics of the tendon-sheath mechanism directly affect the motion accuracy of the manipulator. Firstly, the kinematic and static models of the flexible manipulator are analyzed considering the influence of multi section coupling. In addition, the mechanical transmission process of the tendon-sheath mechanism is analyzed. On this basis, a general feedforward compensation method for the flexible manipulator is established. The proposed model-based compensation control method can be applied to all flexible manipulators, and it is of great significance to promote the practical application of the manipulator.


The Ethel Lucas Memorial Hospital serves three African tribes, Shangaans, Swazis and Sothos, in the Lowveld of the North‐Eastern Transvaal of the Republic of South Africa. Two hundred and eleven patients with cancer have been seen there during a 9‐year period. These cases are presented as a relative frequency study in comparison with other selected studies in Southern, Eastern and Western Africa. By these comparisons there is less cancer of the tongue, stomach, nose and sinuses and more cancer of the esophagus, liver, pancreas, cervix uteri and urinary bladder at Acornhoek than elsewhere with certain exceptions. No Burkitt's tumors have been recognized. Three cancers were frequent enough to warrant comparison of their relative frequencies in the three African tribes attending the hospital and to warrant speculation of possible causes. Cancer of the urinary bladder was the only cancer which occurred with a significantly increased frequency in Shangaans and Swazis when compared with its occurrence in Sothos. The evidence for schistosomiasis as a causative agent in cancer of the bladder is inconclusive.


When designing noise robust speech recognition feature extraction algorithms, it is common to assume that the noise and speech signal are uncorrelated. This assumption allows the cross correlation terms to be ignored in the equations that describe the operation of these algorithms, thus making the mathematics more tractable. In this paper, we investigate the validity of this assumption in the context of the autocorrelation mel frequency cepstral coefficient (AMFCC) feature extraction algorithm. To carry out the investigation, we designed a modified AMFCC algorithm that forces the cross terms in the noisy signal autocorrelation equation to be zero. We then compared the performance of the modified algorithm to the un-modified algorithm in recognition experiments performed using the AURORA II database. From these evaluations, we show that the assumption is fair in 5 out of six tested noise cases. The difference in recognition accuracy between the AMFCC and modified AMFCC for these five noises was less than 5%.


The risks of modern society are of a multiple nature and importance. Fulfilling the role of state responsibility for offering health and education services is a matter of meditation, given the failures in the market for these services. Predominantly, in the industrialized world, abortion was not an offense until a suite of anti-abortion laws were adopted in the second half of the nineteenth century. It was argued in this regard that the fetus is a human being since his conception, and abortion is a form of crime. In particular, Romania has a particularly high rate of abortion, occupying a significant place in Europe from this point of view. Population is a fundamental element that determines the existence of states and their internal dynamics. The demographic issue is critical in the case of Romania. We note in this context the lack of immediate, medium and long-term integrated programs on demography, sustainable economic development, education and health. There is no universal panacea about what strategies governments should apply to meet these challenges, because the rhythm of senescence is different from one region to another and within a country from one ethnicity to another. Productivity may continue to grow due to IT and service, but to a critical point. What will follow next?


In this paper we construct an O(2)-equivariant Hopf bifurcation normal form for a model of a nonlinear optical system with delay and diffraction in the feedback loop whose dynamics is governed by a system of coupled quasilinear diffusion equation and linear Schrödinger equation. The coefficients of the normal form are expressed explicitly in terms of the parameters of the model. This makes it possible to constructively analyze the phase portrait of the normal form and, based on the analysis, study the stability properties of the bifurcating rotating and standing waves.


Using electroencephalogram to control the external device is a new type of human-computer interaction. The visible light communication technology is a new kind of wireless communication technology with broad application prospects. Therefore, this system carries out a study on visible light transmission control system on the basis of steady-state visual evocation and designs a new way for steady-state visual evoked potential to control the home terminal. The system adopts single chip microcomputer and LED lights to design the visual stimulator, and on LABVIEW platform it uses the power spectrum for estimation and real-time extraction of the vectors of evoked potential and produce the control commands of brain-computer interface, which transmit through the visible light emission module to the free space, and then receive and decode the visible light in the home network terminal, and finally achieve the control of the family terminal.


How dynamic is place-based traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)? In what ways can its generative and conservative processes allow adaption to a changed environment? How do different cultures mediate TEK of a shared place? We address these questions with an in depth study of TEK of the diverse and socio-ecologically salient genus Rhododendron among the indigenous Naxi and immigrant Nuosu Yi of Mt. Yulong, NW Yunnan, China. TEK in both cultures is rich and intimately connected to the seasonal and elevational progression of rhododendrons. Naxi and Yi knowledge of trends and drivers of change parallel those in ecological studies. Knowledge richness was connected with place (urban vs. rural dwelling and elevation of village) and the immigrant Yi had a knowledge base as rich as that of the indigenous Naxi. Both Yi and Naxi interviewees credited this knowledge equality to a combination of generative processes (Yi villages were higher in elevation and Yi livelihoods made more use of mountain resources, which enabled them to acquire knowledge of plants quickly) and conservative processes (Yi migrated from an equally diverse mountain region in which Rhododendron is also salient; its position was retained in their system of TEK, though its elements were adapted). Among rural Naxi, cultural systems (seasonal festivals and ethnotaxonomy) conserved knowledge, even while their direct use of rhododendrons decreased with changing life-ways.


The "winner's curse" occurs in competitive situations when a successful buyer finds that he or she has paid too much for a commodity of uncertain value. This study provides an experimental demonstration of the winner's curse, and identifies factors that affect the existence and magnitude of this bidding abnormality. In an auction setting, two factors are shown to affect the incidence and magnitude of the winner's curse: (1) the degree of uncertainty concerning the value of the item up for bid and (2) the number of competing bidders. Increasing either factor will increase the range of value estimates and bids, making it more likely that the winning bidder will overestimate the true value of the commodity and thus overbid.


Focusing on the species and planting structure of the roadside trees,traffic noise and vehicle flow in 9 main roads in downtown of Cangshan District,Fuzhou are investigated. The results showed that,the traffic noise were 65. 28 ~ 77. 38 dB and the noise pollution were heavy in8: 00 ~ 12: 00 and 14: 00 ~ 17: 00. The configuration modes could be divided into 5 types,with the single arbor type and arbor + shrub type totally accounting for 76. 5% of them. The average noise-reducing rates of the roadside trees unevenly varied from 0. 42% to 7. 31%. In monitoring point B,which was the roadside tree's crown vertical projection point in the direction of sidewalk,the highest average noise-reducing rate was in South Liuyi Ave.( 3. 86%),and the highest reducing rate of monitoring C( 3 m away from the point b) was in Sangao Ave.( 5. 90%). As to the tree species and configuration,the type of arbor + arbor + shrub + grass has the best noise reduction effect( the noise-reducing rates were 3. 95% and 7. 28% respectively). Due to the limited areas of green land in downtown,roadside tree species and their configuration mode must be included as the key factors that affect the noise reduction effects.


The use of computer assisted systems is a major step towards improving the safety and performance of vehicles. This paper investigates one aspect of system design, the braking system. The design exercise is based upon a simulation of a cars braking system enables several alternative control strategies to be assessed. The findings illustrate the problems involved and the opportunities available for the application of an 'intelligent' control strategy.


Safety of feed, contaminated by Т-2 toxin and В 1 aflatoxin treated by preparation of «Micosubtyl», determined on 15 sheep, biological estimation of meat on 30 white rats. After treatment of feed by preparation of «Micosubtyl» in observable samples micotoxins not found. Level of erythrocytes for the sheep of the second and the third groups by the end of research decreased relative to control on 16, 6 and 12, 6%, leucocytes on 20,1 and 13,4%, content of hemoglobin on 20,3 and 19,7% respectively. For the sheep of fourth and fifth groups a decline of these indexes was not reliable and did not differ from such control group. Phagocytic activity of leucocytes and phagocytal number in the second group reduced on 20,2 and 10%; in the third on 16,8 and 6,8%; in the fourth on 4,4 and 1,3%%, in the fifth on 3,3 and 1,3% respectively. Increase of values of phagocytal index in the second and the third groups amounted to 12, 5 and 11, 7%. In the fourth and the fifth -it remained at the level of control. Phagocytal capacity reduced in the second group on 28%, in the third on 17, 5%, in the fourthon 14, 4% and the fifth on 9,2%. Activity of lysozyme in the animals of the second group had below than control on 10%; the third on 11, 4%, the fourth -on 1, 9% respectively. Liveweight gain of rats, getting meat of the sheep, exposed to influence of Т-2 and aflatoxin, amounted to 64,8 and 65,0% respectively; at the groups of animals that were fed a feed treated by preparation of «Micosubtyl», an increase of body weight was 66,1% and 65,7% respectively. Efficiency coefficient of feed in these groups of rats, accounted in the second group 57,1%, in the third 55,9%, and was insignificantly below than in rat groups getting meat of the sheep, exposed to influence of micotoxins against the background application of preparation of «Micosubtyl». Application during 30 days of the feed, neutralizing from micotoxins by preparation of «Micosubtyl», does not render negative influence on clinical, hematological and factors of nonspecific resistance of sheep organism, and contribute to theirs stabilization.


Background Education has reached to newer heights with the inclusion of digital technologies. Despite the traditional classroom based education being profuse across the globe, several online tools have attributed significantly towards an efficient supportive medium in education. The concept of connected devices or things has given a new rise of the Internet. This has led to an efficient network system for information exchange. The information exchange through internet has led to develop a smart system so that students can survive in the competitive world. This whole concept is named as 'Internet of Things' IoTs. The aim of the research is to study the various IoT devices used in higher education and their applications in future. The study come out with the scope and application of several IoT devices used in higher institutes. The role IoT higher the study. The study can bring up a wide change in shaping the students with critical thinking and innovative skills.


An ab initio configuration interaction (CI) study including the spin–orbit interaction is carried out for numerous valence and Rydberg states of the SbH radical by employing a relativistic effective core potential for the antimony atom. The computed spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with available experimental data, with a tendency toward a slight overestimation of bond lengths (by 0.01–0.03 A) and Te values (by 370–550 cm−1) for the lowest singlet states. Measured excitation energies and spin–orbit splittings for the A 3Π multiplet are also accurately reproduced in the present calculations and the Ω=0−, 1, and 2 components of this state are shown to be strongly predissociated due to spin–orbit interaction with the corresponding components of the repulsive 5Σ− state. The most stable representative of the A 3Π multiplet, A40+, is found to possess a very unusual potential curve with a double minimum and a fairly low barrier to dissociation. Based on a vibrational analysis of this state it is con...


The relevance of hypothyroidism in clinical practice of doctor of any specialty causes no doubt. Hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent diseases of the endocrine system. According to some epidemiological studies, in specific population groups the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism reaches 1012% [6, 13, 16]. The last decade saw a number of new papers devoted to the problem of hypothyroidism, which transformed our idea of the entire thyroid pathology. This is primarily conditioned by the introduction of new thyroid hormone medications into clinical practice Indeed, for the patient, against a background of hardly a burdensome intake of drugs, hypothyroidism, in fact, ceases to be a disease and turns into a way of life with virtually no special restrictions. In the modern world hypothyroidism is no longer considered to be a complication of surgical treatment for Graves' disease (diffuse toxic goiter) and I therapy131, but became their goal. At the same time, hypothyroidism remains the only irrefutable and vital indication for prescribing thyroid hormones.


Working within the context of a contest to find the most beautiful tourist attraction in the world, Year 5 students investigate the most symmetric building from a short-list of three iconic buildings. This involves investigating both line and rotational symmetry in order to make an informed decision about the symmetrical nature of each building.


The number of democracies in the Americas remains the same as two years ago despite the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, most of the democracies in the region demonstrated great resilience in the face of the pandemic. Parliaments, the judiciary and the media of most democracies in the region managed to adapt and continue to exercise their control functions, even in the midst of numerous restrictions that hampered their work. However, despite the resilience that the region's democracies displayed during the pandemic, the quality of democracy continues to deteriorate in the Americas. More than half of the democracies in Latin America and the Caribbean show signs of democratic erosion, and Brazil's democracy has been undergoing a process of democratic decline since 2016. The State of Democracy in the Americas 2021 offers political and civil actors, as well as the international community, analysis, lessons learned and recommendations to face the challenges that democracy presents, and to consolidate and reinforce its resilience. International IDEA's Global State of Democracy reports review the state of democracy around the world. The 2021 edition covers developments in 2020 and 2021, with democratic trends since 2015 used as a contextual reference. This report on the Americas is one of four regional Global State of Democracy reports, which, along with the Global Report, complement and cross-reference each other. The reports draw on data from the Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and lessons learned from International IDEA's on-the-ground technical assistance to understand the current democracy landscape. The 2021 reports also draw heavily on data collected by International IDEA's Global Monitor of Covid-19's Impact on Democracy and Human Rights.


People with intellectual disabilities (ID) generally have a poor level of physical activity and poor adherence to this (Hughes et al., 2011). There have been some studies that use ICTs (Information Technology and Communication) to improve physical activity in other disabilities, but not in ID (Quilici et al., 2013). Usability involves ease in using a tool, so it is important to understand the usability of an application. In this study we will examine the usability of an application which is intended to improve physical activity in people with ID.


It is often suggested in the literature that consumers purchase too much health insurance. But Wigger and Anlauf (2007) find that consumers are actually under-insured against health expenses in market equilibrium from the perspective of social welfare. We generalize Wigger and Anlauf (2007)'s two-state model to one with a continuum of health states. We reaffirm their findings that health insurance may leave consumers worse off, but leave health care providers better off. The equilibrium insurance coverage is below the social optimal level. Furthermore, we find that the conventional health insurance leads to a second-best outcome that is better than that without health insurance.


Background: Social support is associated with a better adjustment to breast cancer, whereas inadequate social support increases psychological distress. However, the period between diagnosis and surgery is particularly stressful, and few studies have addressed the significance of social support in this period. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe women's individual experiences of social support after having received a breast cancer diagnosis and awaiting surgery. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted the day before surgery with 21 women aged 41 to 73 years with newly diagnosed breast cancer at a Norwegian university hospital. Results: Methods of qualitative meaning condensation analysis revealed 5 themes: available support, information and advice, care, having confidants, and balancing distance and closeness. Knowing that both family and healthcare professionals were available and caring gave a sense of security. Social support gave strength, although too much could be experienced as difficult and frightening. The women needed a balance between distance from and closeness to their social network. Both professional information and someone professional with whom to talk personally were essential. Conclusions: Social support is an important resource for women with breast cancer but can be a double-edged sword as the network's offered support can sometimes be a burden. Implications for Practice: Healthcare professionals could call each patient, encourage the patients to call if they want, and, if preferred, offer face-to-face consultations for women with breast cancer awaiting surgery. This contact should be a supportive, informative, and confidential available resource.


People with Dementia of Alzheimer's Type (DAT) suffer a communicative deficit that has been little studied from an interac- tional perspective. These speakers' linguistic abilities have usually been analyzed regardless the communicative restrictions imposed by the interlocutor. In this paper we study nine conversations with a demented person from the analysis of the types of questions and ans- wers for each participant. Results show that person with DTA's percentage of inappropriate answers increases as dementia progresses and that it is bigger after an open-ended question than after a yes-no question.


Accurately segmenting and quantifying pulmonary nodules structure is a key issue in three-dimensional (3-D) computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) schemes. This paper presents a segmentation approach of pulmonary nodules in thoracic 3-D images. This approach consists of two processes such as a pre-process for removing vessels attached and a surface deformation process. The pre-process is performed by 3-D gray-scale morphological operations. The surface deformation model used here integrates boundary and region information to deal with inappropriate position or size of an initial surface. This approach is derived through a 3-D extension of the geodesic active region model developed by Paragios and Deriche. First, in order to measure differences between the nodule and other regions a statistical analysis of the observed intensity is performed. Based on this analysis, the boundary and region information are represented by boundary and region likelihood, respectively. Second, an objective function is defined by integrating boundary and region-based segmentation modules. This integration aims at seeking surfaces that provide high boundary likelihood and high posterior segmentation probability. Finally, the deformable surface model is obtained by minimizing the objective function and, is implemented by a level set approach. We demonstrate an advantage of the proposed segmentation approach in comparison with the conventional deformable surface model using a practical 3-D pulmonary image.


Respiratory distress in very early life is characteristic of bilateral neonatal spontaneous chylothorax which is attended by high mortality. The fifth known case, reported herein, is unique because of the occurrence of pneumothorax that subsequently became infected with Staphylococcus aureus . Infection in chylothorax has, to our knowledge, not been reported and has been said to be absent because of the bactericidal nature of lymph. The infection, in this case, may have been a factor in the cessation of lymph reaccumulation.


To study the immunity of electronic equipment to ultrawideband irradiation, a combined antenna with improved matching has been created. In contrast to the previously presented, a novel antenna has a modified input node with a flat part instead of a cylindrical one. As a result of optimizing the geometry of the antenna electrodes, a matching band with the feeder of 0.38-2.4 GHz was achieved by the VSWR = 2. The results of the investigations of antenna characteristics in the frequency domain, as well as the waveforms of the radiated short ultrawideband pulses are presented.


Abstract An ASTM standard copper strip corrosion test is typically utilized to evaluate the corrosiveness of biodiesel toward a copper surface. Unfortunately, this technique is limited in its ability to qualify and distinguish the extent of attack for low-corrosiveness biodiesel. In this study, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using a copper layer was evaluated as a potentially more accurate means of assessing the aggressiveness of low-corrosiveness biodiesel. The experiments utilizing two different sensor designs were carried out at room temperature, and the results then were compared with those obtained by the ASTM standard copper strip corrosion standard test. The SPR-based technique was demonstrated to be considerably more sensitive than the ASTM standard, and it was capable of detecting a change in thickness with corrosion of less than 1.3 nm.


One of the most enduring relationships in economics is that proposed by Ernst Engel in 1857: "The poorer is a family, the greater is the proportion of the total outgo [family expenditures] which must be used for food. … The proportion of the outgo used for food, other things being equal is the best measure of the material standard of living of a population." The 150th anniversary of Engel's law passed in 2007. With this in mind, the present paper looks at the extent to which Engel's law is relevant in today's world by looking across countries at the relationship between the share of household expenditure spent on food and national income per capita. This working paper provides an empirical analysis of Engel's law based on data for almost every country and territory in the world. This facilitates analysis of the relationship between the food share of household expenditure and national income per capita, especially how this differs by development level.


Abstract : This report documents the results of a recent, successful project to develop a retrofit treatment package to reduce the acoustic signature of standard U.S. DOD 30 kW diesel engine-driven generator sets. The treatment resulting from this development reduces the detection distance of such generator sets by a factor of 3 in a compact package. Keywords include: Diesel Generators, Noise Control, and Acoustic Signature Suppression.


The theme of this paper is that the principal task of Christology today is to uncover those dimensions of human experience in which talk about Christ is meaningful. The Christological problem is thus one aspect of the larger problem of God. One thing learned from the meteoric rise of the "death of God" movement is the futility of speaking about God in language no longer understood by the average man. A similar difficulty is now being faced by theologians in attempting to articulate the significance of the divine and human as these exist in Christ. Nor does the sore spot lie in the correct interpretation of what the New Testament and tradition say about Jesus (though this must obviously not be neglected); it lies rather in the relationship of this primary data to the American cultural experience. This experience just now is a painful one, but unless it becomes an integral part of Christological inquiry there is danger that the inquiry itself, however seriously pursued historically, will be of no consequence whatsoever either to American theology or to the American Christian. The basic presupposition of what we have just said is that God, and therefore his Christ, can only be known in relation to a particular world in which men live. Any self-revelation on his part which lies outside a given sphere of human experience simply cannot be heard. Hence what makes our knowledge of Christ what it is are the specific cultural factors which make our world what it is, for changes in one's human experience inevitably have their effect on one's religious experience. This conviction, it should be noted, is not an effort merely to accommodate religious affirmations to current psychological reality structures or to make public opinion the ultimate criterion of whether or not to accept a datum of faith; it is rather an effort to question anew the biblical witness to Christ which arises from our peculiar difficulty in speaking about him in our contemporary world. The questions we ask simply could not be asked by a former generation of Christians, because they were living in their


To increase the effectiveness and extend the application area of water mist, this paper presents an experimental research on the fire suppression effectiveness of water mist containing ferrous chloride, under various ferrous chloride mass concentrations, working pressures and fuel types. Results show that the addition of ferrous chloride has a significant impact on the fire suppression effectiveness, and there exists an optimum mass concentration for which water mist can extinguish the fire in a shortest time. The extinguishment time reduces gradually with the increase of working pressure, and under the same experimental condition, kerosene fires are easy to be extinguished than ethanol fires.


W-band RoF transmission system with converged MIMO DSP for compensating signal impairments both in optical fiber and free-space is presented, particularly focusing on MDM transmission in a low differential mode group delay two-mode fiber link.


Nowadays, children are used to go to school and back home by using public transportations and as result they rarely walk, which is the basic of motor ability that they can do every day. Moreover, when they learn physical education in a school, it just spent 90 minutes, which is considered as insufficient to practice their basic motor ability. Therefore, this study was conducted with aimed at finding out the students' basic motor skill. Descriptive quantitative method was applied to conduct the study. In collecting the data 4(four) instruments were used namely Observation, Interview, Documentation, and Triangulation. While to analyzing the data of percentage calculation is used with the standard of descriptive statistics (Sugiyono, 2012). The findings of this study can be used to describe the basic motor skill of the students who were the subject of the study as well as to be used as the information and recommendation for the teachers of physical subject, educational institution particularly Education and Sport Institution in Ambon in improving the teaching and learning quality particularly in physical education at elementary level.


Wayang (puppet shows) for the Javanese people are a source of culture and tradition, philosophical values as well as religious teachings. It developed into a means of socio-cultural-religious transformation of da'wah, especially for Sunan Kalijaga. In the wayang, some lakon (plays, scenes, episodes) are taken from the epic story of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and other ancient literatures. Meanwhile, wayang characters that resonate the Javanese people are Punakawan. The cultural and religious transformation brought by the lakon can be seen in the meaning and naming of Punakawan. In addition, the displayed role contains an elegant religious message wrapped in culture. Employing qualitative research using the analysis method, steps taken done to write the paper are; first, observing the theological and social revolution of the Javanese society, which is animist, dynamic, and paganist towards monotheistic mysticism. The second is the shift phenomena of Javanese Hindu ideology towards the Islamization of Java through an egalitarian concept of Islam. The third is the interpretation of young people's anxiety through the distinctive voices of criticism. The result of this research is the disclosure of written descriptions of the characteristics of the practice of Javanese society through the process of cultural and religious transformation in the interpersonal play of Punakawan.


In 1998 and 1999, three male adults of European poplar shoot borer (EPSB), Gypsonoma aceriana (Duponchel), were collected, as non-target captures in various exotic pest surveys, in western Washington State. The first EPSB was found in the Seattle port area, in a mercury vapor light trap. Another specimen emerged inside a cage placed over leaf litter beneath hybrid poplars at the Washington State University Research Station near Puyallup, in Pierce Co. (T. Murray, collector). A third was found at a tree nursery near Roy, also in Pierce Co., in a trap baited with European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana [D. & S.], lure. (Figure 1.)


Objective To study the clinical features and managements strategy of multiple-traumas with severe head injury caused by traffical accidents.Methods One hundred and seven cases of mutiple-traumas was involved in the study,whose GCS score was 8.Evacuation of intracranial hematoma were performed in 78 cases(72.9%),and craniectomy for decompression in 71 cases.The Damage Control Surgery(DCS) principles was carried out during the therapeutic process.Results Fifty-nine cases survived and 48 cases(44.8%) died.A follow-up of 6 months was taken after discharged in 40 cases,which reveale good recovery in 9 cases((22.5%)),moderate disability in 16 cases(40%),severe disability in 13 cases(32.5%) and persistent vegetative state in 2 cases(5%).Conclusion It is important to carry out the principle of DCS,which contribute a lot to the survival rate.


(57) Abstract: toothbrush having a plurality of bristles of synthetic thermoplastic polymer composition (12). Bristles (12) has a plurality of channels extending along its length (13) therein. The channel (13) has a depth sufficient to capture a certain amount of toothpaste abrasive, here, it captured the certain amount of abrasives and tooth surfaces clean and the channel (13) contact between is improved during brushing.


The concept of the equivalence of a hard particle (depending on the number of dimensions: hard sphere, disk, or rod, with no attractive interaction) of diameter a in a system of hard particles, and a spherical cavity of radius at least a, is extended to define distribution functions, γn(r1, ···rn), for sets of n cavities in a hard‐particle system. A new theorem, relating the excess chemical potential of a hard‐particle system to the distribution function of two cavities at zero separation, γ2(r12)|τ12–0, as well as corresponding theorems for higher‐order distributions, are derived. The theorems for γ2(r12) and γ3(r1, r2, r3), and some simple physical arguments are used to obtain an approximation to the exact Born–Green–Yvon equation for γ2(r12), the "pair stress approximation" (PSA). The resulting simple equation of state yields very good approximate values for the fourth and fifth virial coefficients for hard disks, and for the fourth virial coefficient for hard spheres. The corresponding zero‐separation...


Species,morphological characteristics,damage area and features of defoliator pests harm on eucalypt were reviewed in Guangxi province,and the corresponding controls were put forward.


We consider the question of calculations of the interaction energy of two uniformly charged spheroids. Three cases are realized in the software: the interaction of a uniformly charged spheroid with a point charge; interaction of two coaxial spheroids; and the general case of mutual position of spheroids. The presented programs are initially oriented for nuclear calculations. However, by a change of numerical coefficients, they can be used in the calculations of the interaction energy in any cases of spheroidal objects with the uniformly distributed charge or mass.


Objective To evaluate the diagnosis of blue-on-white perimetry in early primary glaucoma. Methods Humphrey II-740 automatic perimetry was used to test 32eyes of 32 cases in early primary glaucoma group and 38eyes of 38 cases in normal contrl group with white-on-white perimetry(W/W) and blue-on-white perimetry(B/W). The age and sex in two groups were matched. The program C-30-2 was performed on both W/W and B/W fields in two groups. The mean light sensitivity (MS) of the central 30° and in each quadrant from two perimetries was calculated and analyzed statistically by Student t-test and ANOVA. Results The difference of MS in central 300 between two perimetries in normal group had statistical significance(t=43.46,P0.001). MS of each corresponding point was significantly higher in W/W than that in B/W (t=74.642,P0.001).MS of B/W perimetry was significantly lower in W/W perimetry in early primary glaucoma group(t=74.642,P0.001).In the early primary glaucoma group,the positive rate in the abnormal visual field from B/W perimetry was 84%(27/32) and that from W/W perimetry, 63%(20/32). The difference was significant(χ2=3.864,P=0.049). Conclusion A good coincidence is demonstrated between B/W and W/W perimetries both in normal and in early primary glaucoma groups. B/W perimetry is more sensitive than W/W perimetry in detecting early glaucomatous visual field defects. The positive rate is higher in B/W perimetry than in W/W perimetry. Therefore, B/W perimetry can detect glaucoma defects earlier. It is suggested that B/W perimetry be applied in diagnosing erly glaucoma.


The equations used for calculating the crack extension from the change in the potential drop at a fracture mechanics specimen are generally derived for perfectly straight crack fronts. In the practice of fracture mechanics tests the crack, however, usually grows faster in the interior of the specimen than at the exterior, leading to a curved crack front. For such a case we calculate the potential drop by means of a finite difference scheme. It is shown that for curved cracks the usual procedure of the direct-current-potential-drop method underestimates the real crack extension. The same finite difference scheme is then used to account for conductive bars and bridges, which sometimes are left behind the crack front. Finally, the influence of side grooves on the potential drop is investigated.


The so-called "wild abortive" (WA) type of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) derived from a wild rice species Oryza rufipogon has been extensively used for hybrid rice breeding. However, extensive analysis of the structure of the related mitochondrial genome has not been reported, and the CMS-associated gene(s) remain unknown. In this study, we exploited a mitochondrial genome-wide strategy to examine the structural and expressional variations in the mitochondrial genome conferring the CMS. The entire mitochondrial genomes of a CMS-WA line and two normal fertile rice lines were amplified by Long-polymerase chain reaction into tilling fragments of up to 15.2 kb. Restriction and DNA blotting analyses of these fragments revealed that structural variations occurred in several regions in the WA mitochondrial genome, as compared to those of the fertile lines. All of the amplified fragments covering the entire mitochondrial genome were used as RNA blot probes to examine the mitochondrial expression profile among the CMS-WA and fertile lines. As a result, only two mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed between the CMS-WA and the fertile lines, which were detected by a probe containing the nad5 and orf153 genes and the other having the ribosomal protein gene rpl5, respectively. These mRNAs are proposed to be the candidates for further identification and functional studies of the CMS gene.


Objective To investigate the psychosocial factors of patients with pacemaker, so as to explore the effects of psychological intervention for the patients,thus providing clinical basis.Methods Using SCL-90.SDS and SAS the relevant psychosocial factors of the 82 patients were investigated and assessed before and after pacemaker therapy. Then the patients were subjected to mental intervention (as observed group), also, another 80 patients were selected as controlled group. Results The rating scores of observed group in SCL-90,SDS and SAS were significantly higher than that of controlled group (P 0.05) before and after the mental intervention; though two group had all suffered from anxiety and depression seriously before the operation, but after the mental intervention the observed group was greatly related with above-mentioned rating scores (r=0.95,P0.01).Conclusion The patients, who received pacemaker, all have psychological disorders at certain extents. This results suggests that psychological factors is related with development of pacemaker syndrome, thus on the basis of combined treatment responsible psychological intervention should be taken.


The invention discloses a cache data processing method and a processing system and a cache client thereof, which are applied to networks of a plurality of cache service nodes in a cluster. The method comprises the following steps: the cache client sends an operation request to a master cache service node when needing to operate cache data; the cache client receives an operation result for the operation request from the master cache service node; the cache client selects a spare cache service node and sends the operation request to the spare cache service node when the master cache service nodefails to execute operation. With the adoption of a cluster configuration mode, the invention selects the spare cache service node to execute operation when the master cache service node fails so as to solve the problem of data loss and unavailable cache service node caused by the failure of the cache service node, thereby improving the reliability and availability of the system.


Abstract : An ideal turbomachine transfers energy from a rotating shaft to a fluid through the creation of a flow, field that is unsteady, in the absolute frame. In order to understand and control the work and acoustics of this process the basic building-block singularities of potential flow are developed in a unified manner such that both near- and far-field effects appear naturally in the formulation. It is shown how the total vector force applied to the fluid by a discrete rigid blade is related to the bound and shed vortex system and the acceleration of the displaced mass. Following Lighthill, the volume integral of the vector moment of vorticity is found to describe most fundamentally how, the unsteady fluid motions in a turbomachine are related to surface forces that do work on the fluid. Because unsteady flow is required for energy transfer, the work input of a single blade creates simultaneously in the fluid an acoustic signal that propagates to the far-field. The strength of this signal is determined by the time derivative of the instantaneous blade force component in the direction of a stationary observer, i.e., with the pattern of a rotating dipole. The summation of these tonal signals from combinations of blades and vanes is computed for free-field and cylindrical duct boundary conditions. Bessel functions are found to characterize both cases, their order being determined by specific blade/vane number differences. Rules for tonal sound control by acoustic interference or mode decay, such as those of Tyler and Sofrin, are examined. Implications for broadband acoustics are discussed.


The present paper analyses a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on graphene that leads to improvement on efficiency of an urea biosensor due to high adsorption. Kretschmann configuration is well known as the most effectively used technique for plasmon excitation. In this work, we investigated the effect of MoS2 with a fine layer of graphene deposited on a plasmonic material, gold (Au), into the configuration. Simulation is based on finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for analysis. The performance of SPR biosensor can be monitored by analyzing the sensitivity and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) of the SPR spectrum. The measurements are observed at 670 nm and 785 nm for urea detection. The molarity and refractive index is varied from 1.335 to 1.347 for sensing layer. The results show that maximum sensitivity of as high as 230°/RIU and 173.16°/RIU can be achieved at 670 nm and 785 nm respectively, which indicates the proposed SPR biosensor is suitable for urea detection.


Abstract We have developed an optometer to measure the ocular astigmatism of human eyes and tested its performance. In this instrument we make use of an optical field that has coherence only along specific meridians to form interference images of different orientations on the subject's retina. The subject sees fringes of different orientations sequentially, at a fixed vergence, by rotating an eyepiece consisting of a probe cylinder. From the angular positions of the eyepiece at which each of the fringes are seen best by the subject, his or her astigmatism is calculated. The instrument has the potential to probe meridional vision and accommodation characteristics of human eyes.


In this paper the asymmetric generalization of the Glazman-Povzner-Wienholtz theorem is proved for one-dimensional Schrodinger operators with strongly singular matrix potentials from the space H 1 loc (R,C m×m ). This result is new in the scalar case as well.


Asymmetries in the Thai lending-deposit rate spread (intermediation premium) are documented. Empirical results revealed that the intermediation premium adjusts to the threshold faster when the deposit rates increase relative to the lending rates rather than when the deposit rates move in the opposite direction. Additionally, empirical findings indicate that Thai commercial banks exhibit predatory rate setting behaviour. These findings also show bidirectional Granger causality between the Thai lending rate and the deposit rate, indicating that the lending rate and the deposit rate affect each other's movements. These results suggest that monetary authority can use its countercyclical monetary policy instruments to achieve macroeconomic objectives in the short run. However, the estimation results of the GARCH (2,2)-in-Mean model indicate that more frequent intervention by small policy measures is necessary to minimize the conditional variance of the intermediation premium in order to minimize the magnitude of the cycle of the lending rate.


A simple method to control the size of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using repetitive oxidation-reduction cycles is described. First, AuNP are shown to be readily immobilized onto an indium-doped tin oxide coated glass surface using cyclic voltammetry nanoparticle containing citrate buffer. Subsequently, the attached AuNPsize can be reduced to a desired level by potential cyclingin the range from 0 V to +1.1 V (vs. Ag/AgCl).Gradual AuNPdiameter decrease was attributed to the formation of gold oxide upon anodic potential sweep and the partial solubilization of the Au(III) species during subsequent reduction of gold oxide in the absence of gold chelator (e.g.,Cl-, Br-, or CN-) normally necessary for anodic gold dissolution.


This paper summarizes ordinary method of automatic scoring round target system and puts forward basic principle realizing automatic scoring round target system by laser coordinate orientation method. The design plan of parameter determination system hitting the round target is described. The radio communication system is also introduced simply in this paper.


This paper proposes a novel scheme which consists of a weight-counting algorithm, the combinatorial designs of the Assmus-Mattson theorem, and the weight polynomial of Gleasonpsilas theorem to determine the weight distributions of binary extended quadratic residue codes. As a consequence, the weight distribution of binary (168, 84, 24) extended quadratic residue code is given.


Experimental results were obtained that show a collisional drift instability in a bounded plasma column behaves like a classical Van der Pol oscillator. The plasma is produced by microwave heating at ECR and plasma density is varied periodically by amplitude modulation of the hf power at a modulation frequency close to the instability frequencv. The experimental results are in good agreement with a behavior or a Van der Pol oscillator for drive frequencies near the center frequency of the oscillator. (auth)


The thermo- mechanical behavior of energy piles has been studied extensively in recent years. In the present study, a numerical model was adapted to study the effect of various parameters (e.g. heating/cooling temperature, head loading condition and soil stiffness) on the thermo-mechanical behavior of an energy pile installed in unsaturated sandstone. The results from the simulations were compared with measurements from a thermal response test on a prototype energy pile installed beneath a 1-story building at the US Air Force Academy (USAFA) in Colorado Springs, CO. A good agreement was achieved between the results obtained from the prototype and the numerical models. A parametric evaluation were also carried out which indicated the significance of the stiffness of the unsaturated sandstone and pile's head loading condition on stress-strain response of the energy pile during heating/cooling cycles.


Benthic macrofauna in the North Sea is subjected to a wide variety of anthropogenic stressors, which have a significant impact on community composition. In order to understand how these communities react to anthropogenic influences, the effect of natural environmental variation, such as temperature, salinity, or sediment characteristics, must first be understood. It is generally known that natural variation causes differences in the classical biological measures, such as the species diversity of benthic communities, however there is a paucity of studies regarding the response of functional diversity. Due to the tight linkage of functional diversity to ecosystem processes, it is important to understand these functional aspects of community diversity for understanding changes in ecological processes as a whole, and ultimately the effects on vital ecosystem services and goods.
This study determined changes in functional diversity of benthic macrofaunal communities along natural sediment gradients on small spatial scales (i.e. ~5 km). Soft-bottom assemblages including infauna and epifauna in the Sylt outer reef area of the North Sea were examined, with functional diversity being based on functional traits. Changes in functional diversity are compared to species diversity and relationships present are discussed. For the first time, this study examines if there are functional changes along sediment gradients on such a small scale. The results thus deliver valuable insight on the potential effects of community changes on ecosystem functioning and process-driven changes in assemblages. Further, the outcomes provide an important framework for ecological monitoring and impact assessments for future North Sea projects.


The weighted Tower of Hanoi is a new generalization of the classical Tower of Hanoi problem, where a move of a disc between two pegs $i$ and $j$ is weighted by a positive real $w_{ij}\geq 0$. This new problem generalizes the concept of finding the minimum number of moves to solve the Tower of Hanoi, to find a sequence of moves with the minimum total cost. We present an optimal dynamic algorithm to solve the weighted Tower of Hanoi problem, we also establish some properties of this problem, as well as its relation with the Tower of Hanoi variants that are based on move restriction.


Introduction Acetabular reconstruction of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) for a case with severe bone loss is most challenging for surgeon. Relatively high rate of failure after the reconstruction surgery have been reported. We have used Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement devices with morsellised or bulk bone allografts for these cases. The purpose of this study was to examine the midterm results of revision THA using Kerboull-type acetabular reinforcement devices. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 hips of revision THA (20 patients) between February 2002 and August 2010. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 67.4 years (range 45–78). All of the cases were female. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.5 years (range 2.1–10.4). The reasons of revision surgeries were aseptic loosening in 10 hips, migration of bipolar hemiarthroplasty in 8 hips, and rheumatoid arthritis in 2 hips. We classified acetabular bone defects according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) classification; we found two cases of Type II and eighteen cases of Type III. In terms of bone graft, we performed both bulk and morsellised bone grafts in 6 hips and morsellised bone grafts only in 14 hips. We assessed cup alignment using postoperative computed tomography (CT) and The post-operative and final follow-up radiographs were compared to assess migration of the implant. We measured the following three parameters: the angle of inclination of the acetabular device (Fig. 1); the horizontal migration (Fig. 2a); and vertical migration (Fig. 2b). Substantial migration was defined as a change in the angle of inclination of more than 3 degrees or migration of more than 3 mm. The pre- and postoperative hip functions were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score. Results The mean cup inclination and anteversion were 38.4 degrees and 10.6 degrees, respectively. The mean change in the angle was 1.9 degrees in inclination of the device. The average horizontal migration was 1.0 mm, and the vertical migration was 2.0 mm. Only one hip showed substantial migration with breakage of the device. This failure case represented a large amount of posterior pelvic tilt in standing position postoperatively. The mean JOA hip score was increased from 46.7 to 74.8. Discussion Poor outcome using Kerboull-type reinforcement plate with morsellised bone graft only has been demonstrated by many reports. In these literatures, bulk bone graft was recommended particularly in the case of large bone defect such as larger than half of the rounded plate of the device or more than 2 cm of thickness. In our case series, acetabular reconstruction using a Kerboull- type acetabular reinforcement device and bone graft gives satisfactory mid-term results even with morsellized bone graft only. One possible interpretation is that most of our cases had relatively small bone defect according to the staging of severity of the superior segmental bone loss made by Kawanabe et al. We suggest that the progressive posterior pelvic tilt should be considered to be a risk of poor outcome of the acetabular reconstruction using this device. To view tables/figures, please contact authors directly.


This study examines the sources of male-female earnings differentials in Mexico's micro-enterprise sector. Using the 1994 Survey of Rural Entrepreneurs and Financial Services (conducted in the rural regions of Puebla, Guanajato, and Veracruz) and the 1992 National Survey of Urban Micro-enterprises, the report found that female-headed micro-enterprises in rural and urban areas earn, respectively, 64 percent and 50 percent of less than male-headed micro-enterprises. About 35 percent (42 percent in rural areas) of the earnings gap in urban areas can be explained by differences in productive characteristics, whereas 62 percent (59percent in rural areas) can be attributed to structural productive factors, such as household constraints, productivity, and access to education and credit services. Furthermore, a small share of the gender earnings gap is explained by gender differences in sectoral distributions. From a public policy perspective, the results suggest that policies attempting to reduce earnings disparities should focus on addressing gender differences in productive characteristics and structural factors across economic sectors because efforts to reallocate women's micro-enterprises to other economic sectors would have a limited impact on increasing their earnings.


1. Teaching music creatively Pam Burnard 2. Exploring children's musical play Kathryn Marsh 3. Engaging interactively with children's group improvisations Pam Burnard with Jenny Boyack 4. Children composing: creating communities of musical practice Pam Burnard with Jenny Boyack and Gillian Howell 5. Becoming performers: creating participatory spaces collaboratively Pam Burnard with Emily Akuno, Jenny, Gillian, Debra Blair and Marcelo Giglio 6. Singing the primary curriculum James Biddulph and Jane Wheeler 7. Exploring new media musically and creatively Alex Ruthman 8. Enhancing creativity through listening to music Regina Murphy 9. Exciting children's invented notations Rena Upitis 10. Integrating music in the primary curriculum Regina Murphy 11. Assessing creatively Regina Murphy 12. Using a whole music approach creatively Rena Upitis


Certain aspects of social justice research tacitly work from political frameworks of "passive equality." Passive equality can limit a technical communicator's ability to enact social justice in terms of (a) signaling the presence of an injustice and (b) waiting for the organization, institution, or state to make the correction (e.g., liberalism's distributive justice). By contrast, this article foregrounds the political philosophy of Jacques Rancière as a way to cultivate a practice of "active equality" that enables technical communicators to enact social justice rather than wait for institutional redistribution.


e17022 Background: The prevalence of testicular cancer in adolescents and young adults creates a unique opportunity for education through social media. We investigated this populations' baseline knowledge of testicular cancer (TC) and testicular self-examination (TSE) and identified the efficacy of various forms of media in educating young individuals. Methods: A survey was designed to assess participants' baseline knowledge of TC and TSE. Participants were randomly shown one of three forms of educational media created by the Testicular Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute. These were an infographic, a short (60 second) and a long (6 minute) video. Participants were then asked to correctly identify facts regarding TC and TSE. Baseline knowledge was analyzed by age (< 24 vs. > 25), and post-media knowledge was analyzed to determine the efficacy of each media form. Results: Responses from 328 participants were analyzed, with a mean age of 24.3 years, 40.9% male, 72.0% white, and 70.7% graduated college or a graduate program. Only 30.7% of participants reported being educated about TC, 25.9% correctly identified the 15-35 age group as having the highest prevalence of TC, and 26.3% correctly identified the TC survival rate as being 75-100%. The > 25-year-old group were significantly more likely to have heard of TSE (p < 0.001), performed a TSE if male (p = 0.043), encouraged males to perform TSE if female (p < 0.001) and correctly identify TC survival rate (p = 0.006) and treatability (p = 0.007). Long video viewers were significantly less likely to watch it in its entirety compared to infographic and short video viewers, and they were less likely to report an understanding of TSE compared to infographic viewers. Short video viewers were less likely to have properly identified the TC survival rate compared to both infographic (P < 0.001) and long video viewers (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Overall there is poor awareness and education regarding TC and TSE, with adolescents performing significantly worse than young adults. The infographic performed the best overall in completion and education about TC and TSE, with the short video performing similarly well, and the long video performing the worst. This suggests that easily dispersed and viewable forms of media may be the most effective tool for educating young people.[Table: see text]


PurposeThis paper presents a mixed methodology to map and analyse the spatial connectivity of the everyday pathways that link the doorway of an individual's home–work locations to the local main commercial street. These pathways include public streets, semi-private lanes, alleys and stairs.Design/methodology/approachPathways within different morphological areas in Hanoi, Vietnam, are used as examples to illustrate the development and application of the methodology. The methodology, adapted from Conzenian, typological, and space syntax methods, combined with observations and interviews, seeks to overcome several identified limitations of each of these approaches for understanding pedestrians' horizontal and vertical movement patterns within urban settings.FindingsAnalytical diagrams of pathways are developed on figure-ground maps of the neighbourhoods and three-dimensional projections of circulation spaces within buildings. Scatter plots are used to analyse the distribution of collected samples according to their business types and distances to local main streets. Field observations and interviews with homeowners revealed the critical influence of the pathways' spatial characteristics on home-based businesses' operations.Originality/valueThe methods developed here are potentially useful for urban morphologists and urban designers in decoding the intricacies of informal urban settings and understanding their socio-economic significance for users.


Analysis was made on the application status, materials characteristics and manufacturing technology for three types titanium alloy fasteners. The results showed that the production cost was the lowest for cold deformation hardened BT16 alloy fastener; thermal upset and vacuum solution heat treated Ti-6Al-4V fastener had the lowest density with the highest strength and fatigue property; the β-titanium alloy fasteners had inferior overall properties to those made of BT16 and Ti-6Al-4V alloys, however, their cold upset rivets can be used when necessary.


This brief paper extends the author's comments on Conference pricing policy, and represents a reply to comments made by E. T. Laing.


This research discussed the strength of relationship between parental involvement and student achievement. Parental involvement in children's learning at-home and out-of-home is considered crucial to the achievement
in the English Language. This study includes both quantitative and qualitative research. The quantitative study consists of a sample of 160 students from 4 different schools in an urban town. The researchers administered
questionnaires to students to investigate the significant relationship between parental involvement and student achievement. The quantitative study found that parental involvement at-home and out-of-home correlated positively with varying degree to student achievement in the Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) English Language. Generally, the findings from the interviews with parents in qualitative research reflected almost similar results obtained from the questionnaires administered to upper secondary students in quantitative research. Comparatively, the results of parents' intensity of involvement at home and out-of-home correlated with student achievement in PMR English examination.


We present a method to calculate the One-loop mass correction to Kinks mass in a (1+1)-dimensional field theoretical model in which the fluctuation potential $V^{\prime\prime}(\phi_c)$ has shape invariance property. We use the generalized zeta function regularization method to implement our setup for describing quantum kink states.


In this paper, the analysis and design of Zero-Capacitor Random Access Memory (ZRAM) cell for low leakage current have been done. The ZRAM cell is a special type of DRAM cell based on bipolar transistor present in the MOSFET, designed by using SOI (Silicon on Insulator) Technology. The transistor used in the ZRAM is 0.5μm SOI n-MOSFET. For the analysis, fully depleted SOI n-MOSFET (ZRAM) and partially depleted SOI n-MOSFET (1T-DRAM) have been considered. Process simulation and device simulation of SOI based ZRAM cell and 1T-DRAM cell have been carried out using the ATHENA/ ATLAS packages of SILVACO TCAD tool. ATHENA software is used for generating the structure of ZRAM cell and then it is used as input to device simulator ATLAS for its electrical characterization. It has been shown that ZRAM having fully depleted SOI n-MOSFET has lower leakage current than 1T-DRAM cell (Partially depleted SOI n-MOSFET). Leakage reduction from 2.26nA to 1.03nA in the device has been achieved successfully


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing withindex modulation (OFDM-PDM) is a novel multicarrier transmissiontechnique which has been proposed as an alternative toclassical OFDM. The main idea of OFDM-IM is the use of the indicesof the active subcarriers in an OFDM system as an additionalsource of information. In this work, we propose multiple-inputmultiple-output OFDM-IM (MIMO-OFDM-IM) scheme bycombining OFDM-IM and MIMO transmission techniques. Thelow complexity transceiver structure of the MIMO-FDM-IMscheme is developed and it is shown via computer simulations thatthe proposed MIMO-OFDMIM scheme achieves significantlybetter error performance than classical MIMO-OFDM for severaldifferent system configurations. This work experimentally demonstrates a 60-GHz direct-detection PDM-OFDM system that does not require polarization tracking. The frequency offset of un-modulated optical carriers and a novel training symbol design enable the estimation of optical polarization mixing and wireless MIMO channels for signal demodulation.


Efficient and economical operation strategy of car PV charging station helps to realize the large-scale use of electric vehicles. Based on the consideration of time-of-use electricity price and transmission loss, this paper proposes a new strategy for the operation of photovoltaic vehicle charging stations and analyzes the strategy by fuzzy decision method based on AHP. The evaluation results of the strategy show good results. And the proposed strategy of PV charging station has certain advantages.


Ultra-broadband single-port quasi-reflectionless (QR) filters with very wide 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 120% in the passband for the QR bandpass filter (BPF) and stopband for the QR bandstop filter (BSF) are presented. The passband and stopband are realized using parallel coupled lines and parallel coupled lines with one end shorted, respectively. The absorptive filters are designed such that quasi-complementarity is satisfied by making the 3-dB FBW of the stopband and passband equal. Such QR filters in the diplexer configuration will be useful for 5G new radio frequency range 1 (Sub-6 GHz) applications.


This study examines the effect of service marketing on loyalty. This research is causative study with a population of 7.440 respondents. Analytical technique used is path analysis to know the effect of service marketing on loyalty of Bank Nagari customers branch siteba. The sample of this research is 380 respondents selected by using proportional random sampling technique. Technique analysis data in this research is used by path analysis through program of SPSS. The results of the study prove that: (1) product, price, place, promotion, people, and process has a significant effect on loyalty; (2) physical evidence has no significant effect on loyalty


The number of urban dwellers in India accounted for about 10% of the urban population of the world and about 21% of Asia population. The level of urbanization increased from 10.30% in 1911 to 31.16% in 2011. The percentages of slum dwellers are more (12.04%) in Andhra Pradesh and low (1.12%) in Arunachal Pradesh. Out of 100 sample respondent slum dwellers in four slum areas, 44% are Hindus, 30% are Muslims, 22% are Christians and 4% belongs to other religion like Jains, Buddhist etc., As the slum population are not originally natives of local area, mainly migrated from different parts of the state and country and so that mixed religion and cast people are staying in the slums. The slum dwellers are mainly migrated from different places to urban India in search of getting some employment to earn money to meet their family expenditure and other living purpose. 22% of slum dwellers were migrated from rural to urban areas, due to debt burden. 37% of slum dwellers were migrated in search of employment, 21% migrated for their children's education purpose, 16% of slum people migrated to do some business in urban area It reveals that 58% of slum dwellers are getting water from public taps in their slums, 26% of the respondent slum dwellers have Municipal tap connection for their dwellings and about 16% are purchasing mineral water for drinking purpose. The living conditions of slum dwellers are poor with their inadequate income and employment. The housing conditions of slum dwellers are poor. It is necessary to provide proper infrastructural facilities in the slum areas. Internal roads, drainage system to be improved. Creating awareness on maintaining health and avoiding alcohol and tobacco consumption among slum dwellers is necessary.


The manifestations of this multisystem disorder range from relatively benign, self-limited cutaneous involvement to severe, potentially fatal systemic illness. Skin lesions associated with lupus erythematosus (LE) are classified histologically as LE-specific or LE-nonspecific.


This paper aims to shed light on the historiographical and archival component of an important topic – the efforts to build an independent Ukrainian state in the period 1917–1921. It also scrutinizes Polish Eastern Policy of that period to provide background for further research. The issues touched upon in this brief review indicate the need for further research in this thematic realm. The historiography given in this article captures the views of Polish political elites at the turn of the twentieth century. It could be argued that these elites were strongly focused on the resurrection of an independent Polish state. One of the strongest positions was formulated by the National Democrats, the so-called Endeks, led by the well-known political figure Roman Dmowski, who in his Thoughts of a Modern Pole (1903), or in Germany, Russia, and the Polish Problem (1908), as well as in his Polish Politics and the Rebirth of the State (1925) and other works stressed the idea of incorporating Ukrainian lands into the Polish state, and called Ukrainians an "ahistorical," "non-state" nation, i. e. a nation with no right to have a state of their own. The Endeks believed that only those lands along its eastern border should be incorporated. These were lands that Poland could "digest" and gradually Polonize completely, thus becoming a monoethnic state. He considered Eastern Galicia, Volhynia, and Podillia to be such territories. Other Ukrainian lands according to the Endeks should belong to Russia and act as a counterweight to German hegemony. Simultaneously the idea of antemurale , of Poland being a bulwark of Christianity confronting the East, was seen as part of the great mission to protect Western civilization from the Bolshevik threat. Thus, in this part of the Polish political elite's vision there was no place for an independent Ukraine.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This article uses the concept of embodiment to demonstrate a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology.

BACKGROUND
Traditionally, qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals have been taught phenomenological methods, such as the epoché, reduction, or bracketing. These methods are typically construed as a way of avoiding biases so that one may attend to the phenomena in an open and unprejudiced way. However, it has also been argued that qualitative researchers and healthcare professionals can benefit from phenomenology's well-articulated theoretical framework, which consists of core concepts, such as selfhood, empathy, temporality, spatiality, affectivity, and embodiment.

DESIGN
This is a discursive article that demonstrates a conceptual approach to applied phenomenology.

METHOD
To outline and explain this approach to applied phenomenology, the Discussion section walks the reader through four stages of phenomenology, which progress incrementally from the most theoretical to the most practical.

DISCUSSION
Part one introduces the philosophical concept of embodiment, which can be applied broadly to any human subject. Part two shows how philosophically trained phenomenologists use the concept of embodiment to describe general features of illness and disability. Part three illustrates how the phenomenological concept of embodiment can inform empirical qualitative studies and reflects on the challenges of integrating philosophy and qualitative research. Part four turns to phenomenology's application in clinical practice and outlines a workshop model that guides clinicians through the process of using phenomenological concepts to better understand patient experience.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
A conceptual approach to applied phenomenology provides a valuable alternative to traditional methodological approaches. Phenomenological concepts provide a foundation for better understanding patient experience in both qualitative health research and clinical practice, and therefore provide resources for enhancing patient care.


Conformational energy differences, structural relaxation and changes in bonding between different rotamers of silicon, phosphorus and sulfur compounds have been calculated by ab initio molecular orbital methods to permit systematic comparison between the compounds of first and second row elements. The results were obtained with polarized 3-21G and 4-31G basis sets on the series SiH3X, PH2X and SHX (X = BH2, CH3, NH2 and OH) and also on the rotamers of the second row hydrides Si2H6, P2H4 and S2H2. Bond length and bond angle relaxation and conformational energy differences for the Si -, P- and S-containing molecules are 30-50% smaller than in the compounds of the first row elements.


Dr. Richard Sagor is the Educational Leadership Program Director and a Professor in the Department of Education at Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon. Dr. Howard Tinberg is a professor of English at Bristol Community College in Fall River, Massachusetts, where he is also director of the Writing Lab. He is the editor of the journal Teaching English in the Two-Year College. Interview with Richard Sagor Berg: Why do you think it is important for faculty to do research-especially at the community college level-when our job is to teach? Sagor: For people who have responsibility for managing other people's learning, being an active learner yourself is a great asset. Research casts us in the position of learner. And certainly, the very act of teaching makes us learners. But when you are doing research and you put yourself in the learner's shoes, it adds another dimension to the process. Berg: I'm not sure I understand. I know that last fall I taught a film class for the first time and did a lot of reading about film to prepare for the class, but I would not consider that to be research. Sagor: You are right. That does certainly cast you in the role of learner by doing all of that reading, but it was not research per se. But when you taught the film class for the first time, if you did some research on the effectiveness of your teaching or on the strategies you were using in teaching the film class, you would be casting yourself in the role of learner and that would be action research. Berg: What do you mean by "action research"? Sagor: Fundamentally, action research is research that you are doing on your own action. You personally become the focal point of the research, trying to understand how to do better what you are engaged in doing, to understand some of the dilemmas or problems you are facing in your work. In traditional research, you are researching somebody else's actions. In action research, you are researching your own actions. Berg: This semester I have been trying to incorporate film in my research methods class. My theory is that showing short films will help students associate the topics better. If I somehow study those students, would it be action research? Sagor: Absolutely. In fact, look at the language you used when you say that. You said, "my theory is that..." and your research would be about the adequacy of that theory. I don't remember your exact words-"My theory is that if they see the films, they will thus, thus, and thus." Studying whether that hypothesis bears itself out is action research. Berg: How would I go about doing good action research? Sagor: First, be very thoughtful of the outcome you are looking for, the performance that becomes the dependent variable. second-which is probably the most important-be deeply thoughtful about your theory of action. Why are you doing what you are doing? What it is that you are doing that you will be investigating? You need to tease out what actions you think will make the difference on your dependent variable. We call that a theory of action. Berg: In the research methods class, I didn't just randomly pick the films. I thought that they would help students make specific associations. Is that thoughtful action? Sagor: That is part of your thoughtful action. But a part of the thoughtful action is just that films themselves would do it. Then that these particular films will. Then your theory may go further, that the films need to be processed with the students through classroom discussion or writing about the work. That whole set of actions that you are initiating to cause the students to make greater associations is your theory of action. Berg: The current class is already under way and I don't have any data from another class to compare it to. Is that going to be a problem? Sagor: If you are doing classic experimental design research, you would need to have a control group and baseline data. …


Knowledge graphs (KGs) have become popular structures for unifying real-world entities by modelling the relationships between them and their attributes. To support multilingual applications, a significant number of language-specific KGs have been built by different parties using various data sources. As a result, these monolingual KGs are often disconnected, causing semantic heterogeneity and detracting from the original purpose of KGs. Entity alignment – the task of identifying corresponding entities across different KGs – has attracted a great deal of attention in both academia and industry. However, existing alignment techniques often require large amounts of labelled data, are unable to encode multi-modal data simultaneously, and enforce only a few consistency constraints. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end, unsupervised entity alignment framework for cross-lingual KGs that fuses different types of information in order to fully exploit the richness of KG data. The model captures the relation-based correlation between entities by using a multi-order graph convolutional neural (GCN) model that is designed to satisfy the consistency constraints, while incorporating the attribute-based correlation via a translation machine. We adopt a late-fusion mechanism to combine all the information together, which allows these approaches to complement each other and thus enhances the final alignment result, and makes the model more robust to consistency violations. Empirical results for various scenarios on real-world and synthetic KGs show that our model is up to 22.71 percent more accurate and orders of magnitude faster than existing baselines. We also demonstrate its sensitivity to hyper-parameters, effort saving in terms of labelling, and the robustness against adversarial conditions.


In this paper, we study the form of Hammerstein integral equations $u(x)=v(x)+\lambda\int_{I^{b}_{a}}k(x,y)f(y,u(y))dy,(\lambda\in\mathbb{R})$ and Volterra Hammerstein integral equations in the condition of two-variables. Show the definition of $(\Lambda_{1},\Lambda_{2})$ bounded variation, write as $(\Lambda_{1},\Lambda_{2})BV(I^{b}_{a})$. If $v$, $k$ are $(\Lambda^{(1)},\Lambda^{(2)})BV(I^{b}_{a};\mathbb{R})$ functions and $f$ is a locally Lipschitz function, there exists a number $\rho>0$ such that when $|\lambda|<\rho$, Hammerstein integral equations has a unique solution. Give the proof and extend.


Malaria is still a big problem for a country like India especially with a huge number of slums and poor people having substandard living habits. The present study was conducted on the basis of secondary data available for malaria cases for the period of 1995 to 2011 to find out the trend for number of malaria cases in India and to forecast such cases for future periods. A number of time series models were created from the available data using the SAS software like linear trend, random walk with drift, simple exponential smoothing, log linear and finally the ARIMA models. The most suitable model was found to be the Log linear model with minimum MSE, RMSE and MSPE of 114402.9, 144675.8 and 5.59744, respectively. The forecast for number of malaria cases in India shown a decrease trend from 1122324 cases in the year 2015 to 778868 in the year 2023.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of continuous lumbar cistern drainage in order to accelerate the clearance of bloody hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to secondary subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods The technique of lumbar cistern catheterization was performed for continuous external CSF drainage in 46 patients with secondary subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the drainage process and the therapeutic results were observed. Results After continuous lumbar cistern drainage, the clinical symptoms ameliorate quickly, few complications happened, and the in-hospital time was shortened. Conclusion Continuous lumbar cistern CSF drainage was a simple method for treating secondary subarachnoid hemorrhage. It can obviously accelerate the normalization of CSF, relieve or decrease the complications such as angiospasm, hydrocephalus, and so on


Half of each collaboration at LHC is composed of early career scientists (BSc, MSc, PhD students and PostDocs). To represent this demographic, young scientist committees were created at all LHC experiments. Although the structure and approach in these committees are different, the goals are common: represent the interests of young scientists and provide a forum to gather and discuss topics relevant to the young LHC community. In order to achieve this, several programs are organized either by individual committees or altogether as the young scientist fora. This paper introduces the early career scientist committees, details the programs organized by them and by the young scientist fora, and mentions further plans as well.


Step-growth polymerization using Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, commonly referred to as "click chemistry," has been used to prepare poly[(1,2,3 -triazol-4-yl-1,3-pyridine)-alt -(1,2,3 -triazol-1-yl-1,3 -phenylene)]s. The recently discovered strong preference of the 2,6-bis(1,2,3 -triazol-4-yl)pyridine (BTP) subunits to adopt an anti-anti conformation enables the extended heteroaromatic polymer strands to adopt a helical conformation, as shown by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Addition of various transition metal ions leads to coordinative crosslinking and therefore efficient gelation of the polymer solutions. The integration of the BTP scaffold in the main chain of the described polymers illustrates a synthetically inspired approach to readily access new functional macromolecules with potential applications as sensing and magnetic/emissive materials.


Most studies of psychiatric illness in general practice have been concerned with the prevalence of mental disorder. The size of a G.P.'s practice, the time-consuming nature of the cases, and his attitude to and training in psychiatry have all been thought to influence his approach to such patients (Mowbray et al., 1961; Rawnsley and Loudon, 1962). In a more recent study Cooper (1964) found that, though in general most G.P.s were well aware of the social and psychological stresses undergone by their patients, they were preoccupied with


Objective:To study the changes of serum advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) in patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its correlationship with superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx). Methods: Eighty-five diabetes mellitus (DM) patients were divided into 4 groups: non-DN group(DM, n=25), early-stage DN group(DN3, (n=24), )significant DN group(DN4, n=17) and end-stage DN group(DN5, n=17). The concentration of serum AOPP was measured spectrophotometerically, serum SOD was determined by xanthine oxidase test and GPx by DTNB reaction test. (Results:) The concentrations of AOPP in patients of DN5 group (-[117.8±64.8-] μmol/L) and DN4 group (-[80.0±23.0-] μmol/L) were significantly higher than that in DM group (-[58.2±17.7-] μmol/L,P0.01). There was no significant difference of AOPP concentrations between DN3 group (-[72.7±17.2-] μmol/L) and DM group. Serum AOPP was positively correlated with serum creatinine(r=0.277, P0.05) and negatively correlated with SOD and GPx(r=-0.217, r=-0.374, P0.05). Conclusion: The protein oxidation in patients with DN is enhanced compared to those without DN.