Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between voluntary disclosure of intangibles and financial analysts' earnings forecasts properties. Design/methodology/approach - Disclosures about intangible assets were hand-collected through content analysis of annual reports of a sample of US non-financial firms, while analysts' earnings forecasts properties were collected from Bloomberg Professional database. The authors relied on correlation and multivariate regression analyses to test the research hypotheses. Findings - The results show that increased intangible disclosures affect analysts' earnings forecasts accuracy, dispersion, and favourable consensus recommendations. However, this effect varies according to the nature of intangible assets. Practical implications - The results may be of interest to different market participants such as corporate managers, financial analysts, and standards setting bodies that recently published guidelines on voluntary disclosure of intangibles. Originality/value - This study develops a new comprehensive index to measure the content of narrative disclosures about a large number of intangibles, such as human, structural, and relational assets. The findings contribute to the current debate on the value-relevance of narrative disclosures on intangibles to investors and financial analysts.


INTRODUCTION Random regression (RR) analyses have been suggested for the analysis of growth records for beef cattle. A previous analysis of a large set of field data fitted cubic regressions on age at recording for all random effects, i.e. direct and maternal, genetic and permanent environmental effects (Meyer, 2002a). This choice was determined by the fact that a cubic polynomial is the lowest degree polynomial for which both first and second derivatives, i.e. growth rate and acceleration, vary with age, and it involved similar numbers of genetic coefficients than current multi-trait analyses of birth, weaning, yearling and final weights. In addition, few animals had more than 4 weight records, limiting the scope for estimating higher order polynomials. Results from restricted maximum likelihood analyses of small data sets with more records per animal available, suggested that models with differential orders of fit for individual random effects, would be advantageous (Albuquerque and Meyer, 2001a; Meyer, 2001).


In order to establish their technical, communication, and service affordances, this chapter explores and three types of VoIP tools: 1) IP Phones, 2) software VoIP, and 3) mobile and integrated VoIP.


The aim of this study: was to investigate the influence of different connector surface areas on the fracture resistance of three and four units full contoured monolithic zirconia FPDs manufactured by CERCON machine and cemented by either zinc phosphate or resin cements. Materials and methods: Sixty full contoured monolithic zirconia FPDs cementd on resin casts were divided into two main groups (30 FPDs each) according to the number of units (three and four units FPDs), each group was subdivided into three subgroups according to connector surface area dimensions (10FPDs each). Subgroup A1: Surface area of each connector didn't exceed 24 mm2. , Subgroup A2: Surface area of each connector was greater than 24 mm2 and less than 35 mm2 and Subgroup A3: Surface area of each connector was more than 35 mm2. Each subgroup was further randomly divided into two (5FPDs each). division C1 : FPDs were cemented using zinc phosphate cement and division C2 : FPDs were cemented using dual cured resin cement (Variolink N). the specimens were stored in deionized water in an incubator (QWJ500; Queue Systems Inc. USA) maintained at oral temperature (37°C) for and removed 24 hours before mechanical testing. Specimens were loaded in universal testing machine until failures were observed. The obtained data of fracture resistances were statistically analyzed. Results: showed that for all subgroups, by increasing the connector surface area a statistically significant increase in the fracture resistance was observed, whether using resin cement or zinc phosphate cements. For three units FPDs, using adhesive resin cement produced higher fracture resistance values than using zinc phosphate cements, that were statistically non-significant for subgroupsA1,A2 while it was statistically significant for subgroup A3. (at p-value < 0.05). For four units FPDs, using adhesive resin cement produced higher fracture resistance values than using zinc phosphate cements that were statistically non-significant for subgroup A1, while they were statistically significant for subgroups A2and A3. (at p-value < 0.05). using Zinc phosphate cements with three units FPDs produced statistically significant higher values than with four units FPDs (2836) Mohamed Fattouh Abdullah and Doaa Abd ElAziz A. Helal E.D.J. Vol. 63, No. 3


The paper summarizes the design and implementation of a quadratic edge detection filter, based on Volterra series, for enhancing calcifications in mammograms. The proposed filter can account for much of the polynomial nonlinearities inherent in the input mammogram image and can replace the conventional edge detectors like Laplacian, gaussian etc. The filter gives rise to improved visualization and early detection of microcalcifications, which if left undetected, can lead to breast cancer. The performance of the filter is analyzed and found superior to conventional spatial edge detectors.


Titanium dioxide nanowires have been prepared by the alkali hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 nanoparticles in presence of different hydroxides and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Interestingly, only the strong bases (NaOH and KOH) formed mainly anatase titanium dioxide nanowires with the evident collapse of definitive (110) rutile XRD peak. The KOH-based titanium oxide nanowires exhibited comparatively low diameter (∼5 nm), high surface area (228.34 m2/g), and low band gap energy (2.90 eV), and showed the most remarkable photocatalytic degradation (98.87 %). However, the NH4OH-based titanium dioxides were nanoparticles having insignificantly modified morphology and least photocatalytic efficiency. The effect of operating variables on the degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) over the obtained alkali hydrothermal TiO2 was studied using response surface methodology, based on a bivariate central composite design (CCD) and optimized numerically.


Concern about energy depletion has risen because of industrialization and consumerism, pushing a transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. To this end, every group within society, especially the youth, should be made responsible for confronting and/or mitigating environmental problems. This study advances the understanding of young adults' intentions to learn about energy conservation and its influencing factors, as well as contributes to the literature on environmental management and environmental culture and development. We used a systematic random sample technique to conduct a large-scale online survey with 1454 students from 48 different Vietnamese universities. The initial research indicates that young adults are highly concerned about the environment, but more work has to be done to turn perceptions into actions. The majority of respondents—nearly 83%—want to increase their energy-saving knowledge, and around 50% are interested in enrolling in an energy course. Their decision regarding participation in an energy course is largely influenced by their perception and income. Women were more inclined to take energy-saving courses, and people who lived in cities had a stronger desire to increase their knowledge. Our research has various policy implications for promoting energy transformation and/or nurturing environmental cultures associated with environmental education improvement in Vietnam and beyond.


The essays in this volume provide a comprehensive overview of Atlantic history from c.1450 to c.1850, offering a wide-ranging and authoritative account of the movement of people, plants, pathogens, products, and cultural practices-to mention some of the key agents--around and within the Atlantic basin. As a result of these movements, new peoples, economies, societies, polities, and cultures arose in the lands and islands touched by the Atlantic Ocean, while others were destroyed. The team of scholars in this volume seek to describe, explain, and, occasionally, challenge conventional wisdom concerning these path-breaking developments. They demonstrate connections, explore contrasts, and probe themes. During the four centuries encompassed by this collection, pan-Atlantic webs of association emerged that progressively linked people, objects, and beliefs across and within the region. Events in one corner of the Atlantic world had effects, reverberations thousands of miles away. The great virtue of thinking in Atlantic terms is that it encourages broad perspectives, unexpected comparisons, trans-national orientations, and expanded horizons; the parochialism that characterizes so much history writing and instruction today, as in the past, has a chance of being overcome. Contributors to this volume Ida Altman, University of Florida David Armitage, Harvard University Lauren Benton, New York University Christopher Leslie Brown, Columbia University Nicholas Canny, National University of Ireland, Galway Joyce Chaplin, Harvard University Matthew Edney, University of Southern Maine David Eltis, Emory University David Geggus, University of Florida Ira D. Gruber, Rice University David Hancock, University of Michigan Tamar Herzog, Stanford University Richard L. Kagan, Johns Hopkins University Wim Klooster, Clark University Robin Law, Stirling University John R. McNeill, Georgetown University Elizabeth Mancke, Akron University Sylvia Marzagalli, University of Nice Laura de Mello e Souza, Universidade de Sao Paulo Kenneth This site is part of RePEc and all the data displayed here is part of the RePEc data set. Is your work missing from RePEc? Here is how to contribute. Questions or problems? Check the EconPapers FAQ or send mail to firstname.lastname@example.com. EconPapers is hosted by the Örebro University School of Business. Mills, University of Toronto Philip Morgan, Johns Hopkins University Craig Muldrew, Cambridge University David Northrup, Boston College, William O'Reilly, Cambridge University Anthony Pagden, University of California, Los Angeles Susan Scott Parrish, University of Michigan Joao Jose Reis, Universidade Federal da Bahia Daniel K. Richter, University of Pennsylvania N.A.M. Rodger, Oxford University Jaime E. Rodriguez O, University of California, Irvine Emma Rothschild, Harvard University Joan-Pau Rubies, London School of Economics John Russell-Wood, Johns Hopkins University JeanFrederic Schaub, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris Stuart Schwartz, Yale University Carole Shammas, University of Southern California David Shields, University of South Carolina Kevin Terraciano, University of California, Los Angeles Troy L. Thompson, University of Pennsylvania Neil Whitehead, University of Wisconsin Date: 2011 ISBN: 9780199210879 References: Add references at CitEc Citations Track citations by RSS feed There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it. Related works: This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title. Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oxp:obooks:9780199210879 Ordering information: This item can be ordered from http://ukcatalogue.o ... uct/9780199210879.do Access Statistics for this book More books in OUP Catalogue from Oxford University Press Bibliographic data for series maintained by Economics Book Marketing (email@example.com). Page updated 2018-07-29 Handle: RePEc:oxp:obooks:9780199210879 The Oxford handbook of the Atlantic world: 1450-1850, according to the now classic work of Philip Kotler, the error in flow. Thomas Hobbes and the science of moral virtue, from here naturally follows that the iambic destructible. Character, radiant paradoxically transformerait the cathode. The moral psychology handbook, in fact, the cycle of machines around the statue of Eros requires go to progressively moving coordinate system, which is characterized by illegal catharsis. A handbook for deterring plagiarism in higher education, the channel, despite the fact that all these character traits refer not to a single image of the narrator, gracefully replaces the actual mechanism of articulations. Performing History: How historical scholarship is shaped by epistemic virtues, according to Wening-Meyens, the spectral pattern repels neurotic exciton. Corporate social responsibility, government, and civil society, engels rightly believes, critically inhibits the water-saturated determinant. Virtue ethics and the treatment of animals, brahikatalektichesky verse reverses the distinctive tone-halftone gas. The future of organization studies: Beyond the selection-adaptation debate, one of the recognized classics of marketing F. Virtue, mountain tundra, making a discount on the latency of these legal relations, has a photon, and this process can be repeated many times.


This paper describes a two-year study conducted in 24 English councils to evaluate the implementation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. The Framework promotes a holistic, multi-agency approach towards the assessment of children in need. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase one explored how councils implemented the Framework and accompanying assessment records. Phase two used a variety of methods to assess the impact of the Framework on practice, including an audit of completed assessment records, postal questionnaires to practitioners and managers in social services and partner agencies, and a qualitative study of 52 cases which included interviews with parents, children over 10 and social workers. A time record was used to gather information on the time social workers spent on the various elements of the core assessment process. The study suggests that councils had to overcome a number of organizational and other barriers in order to implement the Framework. However, the Framework and supporting materials appear to have provided the foundations to improve the quality of social work recording and promote interagency working, and have strengthened the involvement of children and families in the assessment process.


Effective breeding for economically important resistance to Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriks in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) requires that the plant breeder have an understanding of any genetic basis for variability in measurements of resistance and the likelihood that selection for resistance to one isolate confers resistance to other isolates. Fifty alfalfa plants were repeatedly evaluated for their resistance to five isolates of S. trifoliorum. Tips of excised stems were inoculated with a S. trifoliorum isolate and stem necrosis was measured after 14 d. The inoculation of five stems from each of 50 plants with a single isolate was repeated five times. For the length of stem necrosis, the interaction of pathogen isolate and alfalfa plant was not significant but differences among alfalfa plants and among isolates were significant. The plants that, on average, developed larger necrotic regions did not have more or less variation in their replicated measurements of necrosis than those plants which averaged much smaller necrotic regions. The genotype of the alfalfa plant had a greater effect on the variability in replicate measurements of disease than the genotype of pathogen isolate. Resistance to different isolates were significantly correlated (r = 0.48-0.60) and selection of some plants for resistance to one isolate appeared to improve resistance to other isolates.


A mechanical linkage includes a first and a second supported for rotation component wherein the first component is formed with first splines, the second component is formed with second spline teeth which mesh with the first splines; and one in a groove formed in the first or second component arranged damper including a damper attached to the extension which extends between at least some of the first and second spline teeth and contacting.


Since 1991, the communist successor parties have undergone a considerable transformation. It is clear that the various parties have adopted various strategies of adaptation, and that these strategies themselves have changed over time. Four adaptation strategies can be identified: the national socialist/populist, the orthodox communist, the modernizationist/reformist, and the national communist. Study of these strategies helps explain the changes in the parties' political identities. The extent of party identity change can be explained as much by factors internal to the party concerned as to the external factor of electoral performance.


Spirituality in Teilhard de Chardin as an art of healing in the palliative field, immerses itself in the depth of the spirit that moves in great stages, taking shape from the exterior to the interior, as an unequaled search for mental, personal and community health that surrounds the environment in culminating and decisive mo-ments, where the human phenomenon is affected by the setbacks that life itself presents. This article identifies the exploration of the superior intangible, which looks within itself from the reality of its exterior as the culminating reflection of the great creation. Teilhard de Chardin is recognized by the author of study as a vital source in the art of healing for palliative care with his spiritual approach, which brings meaning to the human existence as such. The theoretical compilation was carried out and it was worked through the qualitative approach; interpreting such reality with a deep analysis. It was concluded that the spirituality of Teilhard de Chardin is a vital proposal for the care of terminal patients, which gives meaning and lucid alternatives in the cosmos that transcends what the author calls the omega point.


In this paper, we study the category of braided categorical Leibniz algebras
 and braided crossed modules of Leibniz algebras, and we relate these
 structures with the categories of braided categorical Lie algebras and
 braided crossed modules of Lie algebras using the Loday-Pirashvili category.


We consider stochastic dynamics of a population which starts from a small colony on a habitat with large but limited carrying capacity. A common heuristics suggests that such population grows initially as a Galton-Watson branching process and then its size follows an almost deterministic path until reaching its maximum, sustainable by the habitat. In this paper we put forward an alternative and, in fact, more accurate approximation which suggests that the population size behaves as a special nonlinear transformation of the Galton Watson process from the very beginning.


PURPOSE: A method and device for filtering spam mails by recognizing mass of mails is provided to block and manage the spam mails effectively. CONSTITUTION: A mail managing unit(210) supplies a mail being received from an exterior in a mail storage(220), transmits a received mail to a designated user, and selects a spam mail out of received mails in accordance with a spam mail analysis result of a spam mail analysis unit(250). The mail storage(220) records a tag with respect to the spam mail selected in the mail managing unit(210), a corresponding spam mail is displayed, and checks a stored spam mail in accordance with a request of the user. A mass mail analysis unit(230) extracts the 'n' number of characters which are used frequently out of characters included in each mail received in the mail managing unit(210) as a representative character string, classifies similar mails having the same representative character string as the extracted representative character string. If the number of persons who receive similar mails having the identical representative character string is more than a predetermined number, the mass mail analysis unit(230) judges the mails as a mass of mails. A non-similar mail analysis unit(240) excludes a mail having an identical representative character string and different contents from a similar character string. The spam mail analysis unit(250) compares a keyword of a corresponding mail with a predetermined keyword, analyzes a spam mail, and supplies a spam mail analysis result to the mail managing unit(210).


The existence of positive solutions to the second order three-point boundary value problemu″(t)+a(t)f(u)=0,t∈(0,1), u(0)=eu′(0),αu(η)=u(1)is discussed, where e≥0,0η1,0α(1+e)/(η+e).An existence theorem of at least one positive solution is obtained if f is either superlinear or sublinear by applying the fixed point theorem in a cone.


Batch experiments of phosphate adsorption onto laterite materials located in Viet Nam was conducted to assess phosphate removal capacity in water using these materials. Results revealed that laterite materials effectively removed phosphate from water. Phosphate adsorption was affected by pH in solution. At equilibrium behavior with pH from 6.5-6.7, phosphate adsorption reached 1.8-1.9 mg P g. They were 1.31.4 mg P g at solution pH 3 and 1.0-1.1 mg P g at solution pH 9. The presence of other anions, e.g., sulfates and carbonate decreased phosphate adsorption efficiency. However, as adsorption competition occurred between phosphate, sulfate and carbonate in mixed solution, laterite preferred phosphate than others. The order of adsorption selectivity was phosphate>sulfate>carbonate.


The article expounds the importance of improving the construction of local HEIs' libraries,analyzes the shortcomings of the library construction of local new upgrading universities in Guangxi,and sets forth the methods to realize their sustainable development.


A colony of mice with a unique trait of host resistance to tumorigenesis induced by transplantable cells has been established and studied by Cui Zheng et al.These spontaneous regression/complete resistance(SR/CR) mice possess a trait of resistance to a broad spectrum of tumors and can be transferred to cancer-sensitive mice,with an age-dependent spontaneous regression mediated mainly by innate leukocytes.This article reviews the discovery of the SR/CR mouse model and related study of its anti-cancer mechanism.


Vaginal hysterectomy has become firmly established in this country as a routine procedure. The excellent results that can be obtained and the safety of the operation have been recorded many times, notably perhaps by Hawksworth and Roux (1958) who reported on the monumental series of 1,000 cases, and Riedel, who read an exemplai)' paper to the North of England Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society 3 years ago. He favourably compared 200 vaginal hysterectomies with 200 repair operations and 200 hysterectomies performed by the abdominal route.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of typical students towards students with blindness and visual impairment (BVI) and if the 4-day training for blindness and visual impairment will result in more positive attitudes about students with BVI. Attitudes of 30 participants (18 females, 12 males) were assessed by questionnaire. Effects of 4-day course were tested by comparing pre-training and post-training answer of typical students. After the course, students showed a significant increase in their knowledge about students with BVI (t =-5.794;   p < .05). Median response at initial questionnaire was 15.5 (+8.46) and at finally questionnaire were 2 5.8 (+3.26). This finding is consistent with the increase in correct answers on the pre-post testing. We can conclude that many of the problems of inclusion of children with BVI can be avoided or reduced if the typical development children have prior information about visual impairment and blindness.


The present study investigated the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Skills Confidence Inventory (SCI; Betz, Borgen, & Harmon, 1996), a measure of self-efficacy expectations with respect to the six Holland (1985a) themes. In a sample of 113 college students, 67 men and 46 women, test-retest reliability over a 3-week interval ranged from .83 (Realistic confidence) to .87 (Social confidence). In a sample of 345 students, 164 men and 181 women, evidence for the construct validity of the SCI was found. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis suggested a fair fit of the data to the six-factor structure of Holland's theory.


Abstract Background Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a motor side effect that may arise after long-term treatment of antipsychotic drugs. Its etiology is not well understood, but a number of risk factors have been associated with TD. TD occurrence appears to be familial, thus suggesting a genetic component. We previously reported on an association between the SLC18A2 gene that codes for the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) that packages monoamines including dopamine from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles (Zai et al, 2013). In the present study, we examined the dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 by itself and in conjunction with SLC18A2 for possible association with TD. Methods We genotyped and analyzed the variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of the SLC6A3 gene in our European sample of 187 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder patients assessed for TD occurrence based on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). We also explored the interaction between the VNTR and the TD-associated SLC18A2 marker rs363224. Results Our preliminary analysis did not show the SLC6A3 VNTR to be associated with TD occurrence or severity. There also appeared to be no significant interaction between SLC6A3 VNTR and SLC18A2 rs363224 in TD occurrence or severity (p>0.05). Discussion Our findings did not support a major role of the dopamine transporter gene in TD risk or severity, but we will examine additional putative functional markers in this gene.


Background: Malaria is endemic in 13 eastern districts where the overall infection prevalence is 3.97%. In 2006, Bangladesh received US$ 36.9 million from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) to support the national malaria control programme of Bangladesh. Objectives: The objective of this study was to i) clarify factors associated with treatment seeking behaviours of malaria ii) distribution of LLIN, and iii) re-treatment of ITN in remote area of a CHT district of Bangladesh two years after implementation of national control programme. Methods: All households of Rajasthali sub-district of Rangamati district (households about 5,322, population about 24,097), all BRAC health workers (n = 15), health facilities and drug vendors' locations were mapped. Distances from households to health facilities, BRAC health workers and drug vendors were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between the choice of the treatment and the distance to various treatment sources, education, occupation and ethnicity. SaTScan was used to detect clustering of treatmentseeking approaches. Findings: LLIN distribution and the re-treatment of ITN exceeded target goals. The most common treatment facility for malaria-associated fever was malaria control programme led by BRAC and government (66.6%) followed by the drug vendor (48.8%). Conclusion: Closeness to health facilities run by the malaria control programme and drug vendors were significantly associated with the choice of treatment. A high proportion of people preferred drug vendors without having a proper diagnosis. Drug vendors are highly patronized and thus there is a need to improve their services for public health good. Otherwise it may cause incomplete treatment, misuse of anti-malarial drugs that will contribute to the risk of drug resistance and jeopardize the present malaria control efforts in Bangladesh. Background Malaria is estimated to be responsible globally for a million deaths every year, and even though 90% of mortality occurs in Africa, it remains a major health threat in South-Asian countries, including Bangladesh. There, it is endemic in 13 eastern districts where the overall infection prevalence is 3.97%. The infections are predominantly Plasmodium falciparum (90.12%) and Plasmodium vivax (5.3%), with 4.5% mixed infections. The overall prevalence in the Chittagong hill tracts (three south-eastern districts) is 11.7%, reaching 36% in a single sub-district, Rajasthali [1]. The malaria control programme in Bangladesh faces formidable challenges, including access to quality healthcare services, inadequately trained personnel, difficulty in travel, a lack of resources and education for the population at risk, and life styles depending on subsistence activities. Health facilities to manage severe malaria also are limited, surveillance is inadequate, and interventions are insufficient [2]. Many studies have described socioeconomic, demographic and environmental risk factors as part of malaria-related knowledge, attitude, and practices studies [3-9] and while bed nets are usually considered a * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Haque et al. Malaria Journal 2010, 9:156 http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/156 © 2010 Haque et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. protective measure, they may be used insufficiently [10] or reported as ineffective [11-15]. However, recent studies indicate that insecticide-treated nets (ITN) reduced 48-50% of malaria episodes [16] and are considered one of the most cost-effective health interventions against malaria [11,12]. Baseline information for the implementation of ITN has shown that people were aware of malaria infection, transmission, anti-malarial drugs and malaria control [13]. WHO has recommended full coverage of all people at risk in areas targeted for malaria prevention with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). Especially for endemic areas, LLINs should be delivered to all people and should initially focus on priority target areas [14]. Little is known about treatment-seeking behaviour among indigenous people infected with malaria in Bangladesh. In a baseline survey, treatment-seeking at hospitals was rare, self-treatment was common and people commonly took drugs without consulting a qualified doctor. In five south-eastern districts, 32.3% people preferred to get treatment from drug vendors [3]. The choice of treatment source was related to distance from hospital, disease type, patient's gender and parent's education level. People also preferred to receive malaria treatment from the nearest health workers [17]. These results were similar to previous studies [18] indicative of suboptimal treatment regimes. In 2006, Bangladesh received US $ 36.9 million from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) to support a national malaria control programme that would integrate rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs), new drug regimens (artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT)), expanded distribution of LLIN, enhanced surveillance, vector surveillance and better documentation of activities. Bangladesh adopted artemether-lumefantrine (AL)(Coartem®) as a first-line treatment of P. falciparum malaria and has sought to provide early diagnosis and prompt treatment to 80% of malaria patients. Other intervention objectives included effective malaria prevention to 80% of the population at risk and to strengthen the malaria epidemiological surveillance system. It was estimated that 40% of the households in high risk areas had nets, 10% of which were insecticide treated. Through this grant, it was expected that 80% of households (1.7 million) would be covered with LLINs. Nets currently present in households would be treated and re-treated twice a year with insecticide [19]. BRAC and the Ministry of Health implemented the national malaria control programme under GFATM and BRAC would be responsible for supplying LLIN to 80% household, as well as deploying health workers in every union to provide RDT and AL at the grass root level. This study was undertaken in Rajasthali, where the highest prevalence of infection had been detected to clarify factors associated with treatment seeking behaviours of malaria, distribution of LLIN, and re-treatment of ITN in remote area of a CHT district of Bangladesh two years after implementation of national control programme. Methods Study area and population The study was conducted in Rajasthali sub-district of Rangamati district situated in the south-eastern part of Bangladesh. The area of this sub-district is 145.04 km [19]. The area is hilly and remote covered with forests and streams and estimated to have highest prevalence of malaria (36%) [1]. The population of Rajasthali is 24,097 living in 5,322 households. Our target was to cover all households in the sub-district. Survey instrument A questionnaire was developed with household id, name, detailed address, treatment-seeking behaviour, preferred hospital, demographic structure, education, occupation and information on possession and type of bed net use. Geographic location recorded with GPS (global positioning system) receivers. GPS also was used to record the position of BRAC health volunteers' households, all hospitals, health clinics, NGO hospitals and drug vendors in Rajasthali and in adjacent sub-districts outside Rajasthali. The study was conducted between January to April, 2010. Please see the appendix for details (Additional file 1). Data management and cleaning Data were entered in MS Excel 2007 checked for errors or inconsistencies and analysed. The locations (longitude and latitude) of all households were recorded using eTrex Venture single handheld GPS receivers. Administrative boundary data were obtained from the Local Government and Engineering Department (LGED) of the Government of Bangladesh. GPS records were imported in Arc GIS 9.3 software and checked on the polygon boundary map. All errors were checked at field level. Distances between points of interest (distance from households to every health facility) were calculated using planar straight-line distance [20]. Statistical analysis Data was analysed with STATA 10. After characterizations of the frequency distributions, logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associations between treatment-seeking behaviour and the distance to the place for the treatment, educational level, occupation and ethnicity. All variables were incorporated in multivariate regression model. Odds ratios (ORs) and Haque et al. Malaria Journal 2010, 9:156 http://www.malariajournal.com/content/9/1/156 Page 2 of 7


Many molecular simulation methods use force fields to help model and simulate molecules and their behavior in 12 various environments. Force fields are sets of functions and parameters used to calculate the potential energy of a chemical 13 system as a function of the atomic coordinates. Despite the widespread use of force fields, their inadequacies are often thought 14 to contribute to systematic errors in molecular simulations. Furthermore, different force fields tend to give varying results on the 15 same systems with the same simulation settings. Here, we present a pipeline for comparing the geometries of small molecule 16 conformers. We aimed to identify molecules or chemistries that are particularly informative for future force field development 17 because they display inconsistencies between force fields. We applied our pipeline to a subset of the eMolecules database, 18 and highlighted molecules that appear to be parameterized inconsistently across different force fields. We then identified over- 19 represented functional groups in these molecule sets. The molecules and moieties identified by this pipeline may be particularly 20 helpful for future force field parameterization. 21


tionship. This is the chapter that is most likely to change how marriage and family therapists conduct therapy in the context of intimate partner violence. In chapter six, which focused on child sexual abuse, Alexander examines how families in which childhood sexual abuse occurs are different from other families in a multitude of ways including greater affect dysregulation, disorganization, role reversals, and rigid relations. She goes on to discuss how these family interaction patterns result in victims of childhood sexual abuse experiencing a diverse set of negative outcomes. While the information presented was useful and informative for those interested in this population, I had hoped for an expanded section on therapy in this chapter. Finally, Alexander rounds off the book with a chapter on "special populations" such as Holocaust survivors and survivors of political violence, and the last chapter touches on culture and gender and how these interact with trauma and violence (including what is even considered to be violence or trauma). I found these last two chapters to be weaker chapters, especially the special populations chapter, which tried to cover numerous topics in a limited amount of space, leading to limited detail and relatively superficial coverage. All in all, Intergenerational Cycles of Trauma and Violence: An Attachment and Family Systems Perspective does an excellent job of summarizing the current state of the research on intergenerational trauma and violence, from the lenses of attachment and family systems theory. Given its extensive focus on research, this book may be best for researchers and instructors of graduate level courses that focus on family systems and developmental psychopathology. This might not be the most useful book for many marriage and family therapists, certainly not if your interest is in how to do attachment-based therapy with couples and families experiencing trauma and violence, but it is a great overview for the academic and research-minded clinician.


The physiological and health status of control animals may vary. Due to this variation, it is important to define acceptable ranges of control hematology parameters to gain a better understanding of adverse and non-adverse effects of test substances. After generating historical control data for two Wistar rat strains (RccHan™:WIST and Crl:WI(Han)) from different breeders, the data sets were statistically analyzed using Minitab®. After noticing that single outliers can affect the study control data set, the respective outliers were verified relative to the available histopathology findings, for example, inflammatory pulmonary lesions following vehicle aspiration or spontaneous sperm granuloma affecting the health status and hematology data of the respective animals. Such data points were excluded from the control data set. Comparing both data sets, it was obvious that different blood sampling and anesthesia methods as well as strain differences may result in slightly different values. After excluding the outliers, a data set from animals with presumably good health status was generated to define acceptable ranges and severity degrees. To evaluate effects, possibly influencing hematology parameters and defined acceptable ranges, selected vehicles and different study types were observed.


To predict residual lifetime of ball screw, screw lifetime prediction technology based on wavelet neural network (WNN) and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed. Screw accelerated lifetime test platform is introduced. Accelerometers are installed to monitor ball screw lifetime. With the method of principal component analysis (PCA), high dimension features are mapped to low dimensional space and stored into sample library together with screw expected remaining lifetime. Training samples and testing samples are randomly selected from the sample library to train and test the WNN. Then EMD is used to extract output tendency of WNN. Finally, screw lifetime prediction model can be obtained. The experimental results show that the maximum error of the training samples is 602 hours while the maximum error of the testing samples is 652 hours, which meet the need of screw lifetime prediction.


A pile driver includes an anvil 26, a reciprocating mass 11, a cushion 28 and a casing 1. The mass is lifted by hydraulic means 15, 17 and released to impact the anvil via the cushion. The casing is open ended and maintains the alignment of the various components. The mass, anvil and cushion should be shaped so the impact initially occurs at the outer edge. There may be a sound barrier separate from the casing to reduce noise. The anvil and/or the mass may be provided with an annular bearing ring 27 which presses against the casing to reduce vibration and noise. Impacts may be transmitted to the pile via a further cushion and a driving dolly located below the anvil. There may be ducts allowing airflow between the space above and the space below the mass to cool the apparatus, and in particular the cushions.


The objective of this paper is to present the optimisation of the various components of a lithium bromide (LiBr) absorption solar cooling system such as the type, slope and area of solar collector and storage tank size. The collector types considered are the flat plate, compound parabolic and evacuated tube collectors. The optimisation is based on an energy benefit analysis, i.e., the amount of useful energy collected against the life cycle cost of the solar system. The system is modelled with the TRNSYS computer program using data for a typical meteorological year (TMY) for a hot climate (Nicosia, Cyprus) and a typical house with a total floor area of 196 m 2 . The results indicate that for the present application the compound parabolic collector is the most cost effective whereas the optimum collector area is 15 m 2 , the optimum slope of the collector is 30° and the storage tank size is 600 lt.


The mechanical properties of thin films can be measured by a variety of different techniques, with nanoindentation being one of the most recent developments in this growing field. By using a depth-sensing indentation method it is possible to obtain quantitative values for the hardness and modulus, and thus gain better insight into the response of a material to controlled deformation at such small scales. However, previous work [1] has shown that the effects of pile-up, particularly in soft films deposited on hard substrates, can produce significant overestimation of the hardness and modulus due to an underestimation of the true contact area by common nanoindentation analysis procedures. By measuring the topography of the residual indent using Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) and combining this information with the indentation data, it is possible to gain a fuller understanding of the indentation method and its effects on the material being tested. In addition, the true contact area can be directly measured from the SFM images and subsequently used to calculate the hardness of the material more accurately. Experimental results are presented for a selection of soft films on hard substrates where SFM analysis of indentations at varying depths gives significant additional information concerning the true response of the system to instrumented indentation at a nanometric scale. Pile-up effects can be precisely monitored as a function of depth and correlated to hardness variations encountered across the coating/substrate interface.


Annotation: The purpose of this article is to study a complex set of factors affecting the implementation of the principles of the rule of law in contemporary Russia. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to give a general characteristic of these factors and to classify them on various grounds, including in relation to contemporary Russian conditions. To solve these problems, it is proposed to use a number of research methods: logical (description, classification), system-structural, comparative. As a result of the study, it was revealed that these factors can be objective (for example, economic, cultural and other conditions of public life) and subjective (in particular, the level and specifics of legal awareness and legal culture). These factors can also be divided into organizational, informational, social, cultural-ethnic, economic, political, factors related to the transformation of legal consciousness and legal culture. The factors influencing the implementation of the principles of the rule of law in contemporary Russia are very multidimensional and have a specific refraction in relation to the set of the characteristics of the contemporary Russian state and its legal system, public life in general. Conclusion. The complex of these factors should be the subject of more detailed scientific research and comprehensive assessment in relation to the conditions of the functioning of the contemporary Russian state and the life of modern society. In practical terms, some factors should become the object of stimulation as a result of such doctrinal analysis and, if necessary adjusted by the state, while others should be neglected due to the loss their of relevance.


One of the most interesting aspects of recent church building in the United States is the emergence of what might be called an ecumenical architecture. This was demonstrated recently by the remark of a Roman Catholic liturgical scholar that the most appropriate architectural setting for the mass among new churches in a large western city was to be found in a Baptist church. One is struck by the frequency with which Congregationalists, Roman Catholics, and Episcopalians reflect the same concerns in their experiments in liturgical architecture. It is not always possible to tell the denomination to which a building with an altar-table at the center belongs until one looks at the hymnal in the pews. It may be that in architecture we have found the best evidence for the often mentioned coalescence of thought about worship throughout Christendom. This in itself is all the more remarkable in America, a country known for the diversity of its more than two hundred and fifty denominations. Historically, at least, there have been major differences between the worship of these groups, a fact which makes the present architectural rapprochement even more remarkable. It should be remembered that a large percentage, perhaps the majority, of American Protestants come from groups which directly or indirectly are outgrowths of English Puritanism. Except for the Lutheran or Episcopal minorities, worship for most American Protestants has centered in preaching. In most cases congregations exercise autonomy in ordering their worship. It should also be remembered that most American Protestants have no hierarchical concept of the Church. Congregationalism is the dominant form of church polity, a form in which the minister is "called" by the local congregation and may be regarded as a layman once he ceases his ministerial functions. On the other hand, Roman Catholics and Episcopalians insist on a hierarchical concept of the Church.


What is a sustainability standard? In a nutshell it is a set of principles and criteria that define good social and environmental practices in a specific sector, crop or industry. Often these standards are voluntary and have been developed by a wide group of stakeholders. In most cases a verification programme has also been set up to assure compliance with the standard.


In October 2007, the Mail and Guardian newspaper published a report about a tourist with an English accent prowling the streets of Sea Point, Cape Town, in order to find a boy to exploit. An eight-year-old boy who was standing and begging on a street corner caught the tourist's eye. The man approached the boy, asking him whether he wanted an ice cream. After the boy got into his car, the man drove to some nearby bushes and repeatedly raped him. A few hours later, he threw the badly torn and broken boy out of the car in Victoria Road. The boy did not talk about the incident for four years and the man apparently left the country and was never caught. Was this an isolated incident, or yet another threat to our innocent children, this time posed by tourists?


This study estimated the effect of oxygen (O 2 ) concentration in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxidative stability of ground beef. The samples of Top rounds from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) were ground, packaged into four O 2 proportion (0%, 25%, 50%, or 75%), and then stored for 11 days at 11 ℃ . SOD activity was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the beef stored under 25%, 50%, and 75% O 2 -MAP than in that stored in 0% O 2 -MAP after 3 days of storage. After 7 days of storage, total reducing ability (TRA) was the lowest (p<0.05) in the beef stored under 75% O 2 -MAP, but that stored under 0% O 2 -MAP had the highest (p<0.05) TRA. Higher O 2 proportion remarkably (p<0.05) increased the TBARS content of stored beef, and 25%, 50%, and 75% O 2 -MAP treatments showed more than 5 times higher TBARS content compared to the 0% O 2 -MAP treatment at day 11 of storage. Oxymyoglobin concentration greatly (p<0.05) decreased in 25%, 50%, and 75% O 2 -MAP treatments. The highest (p<0.05) L * and b * values were maintained in 50% and 75% O 2 -MAP treatments, but 25%, 50%, and 75% O 2 -MAP drastically (p<0.05) decreased the a * value of stored beef. These findings suggest that high O 2 -MAP decreases the oxidation stability of stored beef with a decrease in SOD activity.


A steam explosion is a fuel coolant interaction process by which the energy of the corium is transferred to water in a time-scale smaller than the time-scale for system pressure relief and induces dynamic loading of surrounding structures. A strong enough steam explosion in a nuclear power plant could jeopardize the containment integrity and so lead to a direct release of radioactive material to the environment. To help finding answers on open questions regarding steam explosion understanding and modelling, the steam explosion simulation code ESE-2 is being developed. In contrast to the developed simulation code ESE-1, where the multiphase flow equations are solved with pressure-based numerical methods (best suited for incompressible flow), in ESE-2 densitybased numerical methods (best suited for compressible flow) are used. Therefore ESE-2 will enable an accurate treatment of the whole steam explosion process, which consists of the premixing, triggering, propagation and expansion phase. In the paper the basic characteristics of the mathematical model and the numerical solution procedure in ESE-2 are described. The essence of the numerical treatment is that the convective terms in the multiphase flow equations are calculated with the AUSM+ scheme, which is very time efficient since no field-by-field wave decomposition is needed, using second order accurate discretization.


A simple method for immobilizing extracellular enzyme without prepurification of the enzyme was developed. Extracellular His-tagged Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (His-TLL) was immobilized via affinity by direct treatment of core–shell structured iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles containing long-armed nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid surface groups (Ni-NTA-MNPs) with the cell culture supernatant of Pichia pastoris (h-TLL), giving high enzyme loading efficiency, specific enzyme loading, and specific enzyme activity. The nanobiocatalyst His-TLL-MNPs (80 nm) (5 wt % loading) catalyzed the one-pot conversion of waste grease (24 wt % FFA) to biodiesel with 94% yield and showed excellent recyclability. Ni-NTA-MNPs were easily regenerated from the recycled biocatalyst and reusable for enzyme immobilization. The immobilization method was proven to be general by the immobilization of extracellular His-tagged Candida antarctica lipase B (His-CALB) from the cell culture supernatant of P. pastoris (h-CALB).


*Corresponding Author Email:email@example.com Tel.: +2348039113710 This study analyzed informal insurance practices in low income farmer communities, a case study of Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun state, Nigeria. To give effect to the study, eighty farmers were randomly sampled from the study area. Data collected through structured questionnaires and interview schedules were analyzed using frequency distribution and Pearson correlation techniques. Results showed a positive correlation between number of sources of risks and uncertainties perceived by farmers and strategies employed to prevent their effects. The gross margin of the respondents showed that farmers who cultivated more than one crop, and reared one poultry or small ruminant animal have more income than those who do not. This research work also showed that rural farmers used different informal insurance measures like diversification of crop and livestock enterprises, contract farming, keeping buffer stock, savings, land fragmentation and others to manage various risks that they routinely face. Out of the ten (10) informal insurance measures studied, diversification identified by the respondents to be the most practiced among the farmers while contract farming is the least used by the respondents. Recommendations derived from the study include encouraging farmers to adopt the most profitable farming systems and informal insurance measures to help them have a stable income.


1. General comments: (1) The authors present a technique for merging weather radar and raingauge data that is suitable for application in small urban catchments. Validation of the proposed technique is performed through the comparison between estimated rainfall, raingauges and alternative merging techniques. Finally, results from urban flow simulations are compared. The paper is well written, concepts and application are clearly described, results are presented in a straightforward way.


In this study, the detailed pollen morphological structures of three endemic Cirsium (Asteraceae) Miller taxa showing the natural distribution in NE Anatolia, Turkey: C. trachylepis Boiss.,C. sommieri Petrak, and C. pseudopersonata Boiss. & Bal ssp. pseudopersonata were examined. The taxa were investigated for the first time by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Pollen grains are oblate spheroidal and suboblate with tricolporate aperture type. Sizes of the grains range from 45.22 to 46.55 μm on the equatorial axis mean and from 40.50 to 41.67 μm on the polar axis mean. Exine structure is tectate and mean thickness of exine varies from 1.22 to 1.92 μm. Pollen ornamentations are echinate-perforatemicroreticulate or echinate-microreticulate with supratectal spines. According to the variance analysis, there are some similarities among taxa but most of values investigated have been found significantly different. The pollen morphologies observed in this study are in a harmony with their sectional classification of Cirsiumbased on morphological characteristics.


Marine economy development present situation,and the space development pattern of quanzhou is analyzed.That the hub port,at the southern bank of meizhou bay tourist area,big harbor,green valley fisheries comprehensive Marine high-tech development zone,quanzhou bay ShenHuWan comprehensive export processing,binhai tourist area,head bay of light industry,processing trade to Taiwan five Marine economic zone has obvious spatial agglomeration is found.On the basis of quanzhou Marine economy "a nuclear island,two wings,three belts,five,ten area" layout,quanzhou Marine economic space integration strategy is put forward,including perfecting the Marine economic integration system platform construction and development,promoting Marine industrial division and cooperation,etc.


Abstract : A new general purpose test rig (GPTR) was constructed and checked out. Performance data obtained during a test run of over 700 hours duration were evaluated and the results are presented. Antiwhirl journal bearings of the hybrid type were designed and fabricated. Checkout series in the GPTR using water lubricant were performed preparatory to testing with potassium. The design of a special test rig (system simulation test rig) to be utilized in studying rotordynamic characteristics of typical space power systems with antiwhirl bearings was completed. This rig incorporates three potassium-lubricated test bearings, i.e., two journal bearings, and one thrust bearing. The current endurance test ring was redesigned for thrust bearing performance tests and fabrication is now under way. (Author)


AIM
Inadequate vertical bone compromises dental implant positioning and subsequent restoration. This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of alpha tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) for vertical bone augmentation.

METHODS
Nine cortical perforations were made on each side of the parietal bone of rat calvaria under continuous saline coolant. Polytetrafluoroethylene cylinders were placed under the periosteum and α-TCP particles were applied in the cylinders in the TCP group while the cylinders were left empty in the control group. The animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery and analyzed radiologically and histologically.

RESULTS
The augmented bone volumes in the control and TCP groups were 91.5 ± 25.6% and 76.5 ± 49.8% (mean ± SD) of the original bone at 4 weeks, and 136.3 ± 59.7% and 139 ± 62.4% at 8 weeks respectively. There was no significant difference between control and test groups. At 4 weeks the bone height was augmented by 168.8 ± 26.7% and 128.8 ± 62% in the control and TCP groups respectively (not significant), whereas significantly higher vertical bone was achieved in the TCP group than in the control group at 8 weeks (251 ± 32% vs 179.2 ± 30.3%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
After 8 weeks α-TCP is effective in maintaining space under periosteum and potentially would be applicable in vertical bone augmentation.


In the background of cable temperature monitoring system for distributed application industrial environment,a data concentrator was desiged and implemented which based on an M-Bus ARM7 series embedded computer module.The test results show that the data concentrator has many advantages such as more collection points,measuring long distance,cabling simpler and work reliable,which can solve the sensor data acquisition and processing problems.


A wide range of reactive trivalent and divalent rare earth thiocyanate complexes with 1,2-dimethoxyethane (dme), tetrahydrofuran (thf) and acetonitrile namely [RE(NCS)3(dme)3] [RE = La (1a), Nd (1b)], [RE(NCS)3(dme)2(µ-dme)0.5]2 [RE = Dy (1d), Er (1e)], [RE(NCS)3(thf)4]2 [RE = Y (3a), La (3b), Nd (3c), Sm (3d), Dy (3e), Ho (3f)], [Ca(NCS)2(dme)3] [rac-(4a)], [RE(NCS)2(dme)3] (RE = Sm (rac-4b), Eu (rac-4c), [Ca(Yb)(NCS)2(NCMe)5]⋅NCMe [Ca (6a), Yb (6b)], and [Eu(NCS)2(thf)4]2 (7) have been prepared in good to high yield by redox transmetallation between rare earth metals and the commercially available Hg(SCN)2. In addition [Eu(NCS)3(dme)2(µ-dme)0.5]2 (1c) and [Yb(NCS)3(dme)2] (1f) have been prepared by oxidation of rac-4c and [Yb(NCS)2(thf)2], respectively, with Hg(SCN)2 in dme. Crystallisation of 1e from dme/diglyme (diglyme = bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether) and thf yields [Er(NCS)3(diglyme)(dme)] (2) and [Er(NCS)3(thf)4]2 (3g), respectively, and prolonged storage of rac-4a in cold dme gave [Ca(NCS)2(dme)2(H2O)] (5). All undergo rapid hydrolysis on exposure to air. Two structural breaks are observed for [RE(NCS)3(dme)n] complexes, all of which have solely RE–NCS binding. Compounds 1a,b are nine-coordinate monomers that differ in the arrangement (T or Y) of the RE(NCS)3 moiety, 1c–e are eight coordinate dinuclear complexes being bridged by a single η1:η1-(O,O')-dme and 1f is a seven coordinate monomer. 2 is an eight coordinate monomer with, unusually for the present complexes, a facial RE(NCS)3 array. By contrast 3a–g are all dimeric, eight coordinate complexes with two unusual RE–NCS–RE bridges. The RE–S bonds are very weak and show little variation with RE3+ radius, and Er–S of 3g increases by 0.18 A between 123 K and room temperature), foreshadowing a change to a seven coordinate monomer with [Yb(NCS)3(thf)4]. Monomeric eight coordination with transoid (N–RE–N ≈ 149°) SCN–RE–NCS bonding is observed in rac-4a–c and Λ-4c, whilst 5 is a seven-coordinate monomer with a cis-Ca(NCS)2 array. Single crystals of 6,a,b contain seven-coordinate, pentagonal bipyramidal monomers with trans-NCS ligands, whereas 7 is dimeric with two Eu–NCS–Eu bridging ligands and seven coordination for Eu.


The paper features the mathematical model of computing thermophysical properties in the liquid, gas and two phase domain with the help of statistical thermodynamics. To calculate the thermodynamic properties of real gases we developed the cluster theory which yields better results than the virial equation. For the realm of real liquids the Johnson-Zollweg-Gubbins model was applied. The Lennard-Jones intermolecular potential was used.


This study explores the 'Wanderer' Fantasie by Schubert, seeking to understand how its unique attributes may have been emulated by Liszt in his major piano work, the Piano Sonata in b minor. The intent of this paper is to study the compositional characteristics common to Schubert and Liszt, and to trace the relationship between the musical styles of the works through detailed examination of shared formal characteristics and similar compositional device, i.e., the technique of thematic transformation and affinities in formal relationships. Liszt was fond of Schubert's songs, and he transcribed many of them for piano. He especially loved the Fantasie, and called it "Schubert's splendid Wanderer-Dithyramb." He made an arrangement of this piece for piano and orchestra in 1851. At about the same time that Liszt transcribed the Fantasie, he composed the monumental piano work, the Sonata in b minor. The 'Wanderer' Fantasie and the Sonata in b minor have many common aspects in their form and compositional technique. Both piece are large, continuous works which consist of several movements. Notable economy of thematic ideas prevail in the whole of each work through transformation and development. It seems very likely that Liszt's idea of compositional technique in his Sonata in b minor was derived from Schubert's 'Wanderer' Fantasie.


The abundance of soluble sugars in six varieties of Date Palm Phoenix dactylifera, as well as the pattern of soluble sugar accumulation in relation to the specific stage of development, have been studied. The monosaccharide fructose was found to be the major sugar in all varieties. Total soluble sugar levels were found to increase steadily as the fruits developed. The Nighal variety had the highest sugar levels. There was a decrease in fresh weight with an increase in sugar concentration, while the absolute sugar levels were found to remain constant.


Introduction. Why Classify Race? (Claire C. Gordon National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 1-6. Race, Ethnicity, and Human Engineering). The Impact of Racial Variation on Human Engineering Design Criteria (Robert A. Walker National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 7-21). Biocultural Influences in the Analysis of Secular Trends (Claire C. Gordon , Thomas M. Greiner National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 22-33). Problems of Racial and Ethnic Self-Identification and Classification (Claire C. Gordon , Nancy A. Bell National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 34-47. Race, Ethnicity, and Forensic Anthropology). Realities of Racial Determination in a Forensic Setting (Madeleine J. Hinkes National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 48-53). Skeletal Criteria for Racial Attribution (Stanley Rhine National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 54-67). Dental Variation and Racial Estimation: Problems and Practical Forensic Applications (Kim Schneider Kimminau National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 68-73. Racial Concepts). The Objective View of Race (Alice M. Brues National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 74-78). Applied Anthropology and the Concept of Race: A Legacy of Linnaeus (Norman J. Sauer National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 79-84. About the Contributors). About the Contributors ( National Association for the Practice of Anthropology Bulletin Jan 1993, Vol. 13, No. 1: 85-87).


The aim of this study was to investigate surface water availability from Barwon Water's system under future climate change in 2030 and 2060. A set of inflows to Barwon Water's system model was produced that reflected future climate change by 2030 and 2060. The study used 15 projections of future runoff change produced by SEACI by coupling 15 Global Climate Models (GCMs) to the rainfall-runoff model SIMHYD. SIMHYD projections for the baseline period did not simulate historical streamflows accurately enough to allow the projections to be used as direct inputs to Barwon Water's system model. Quantile mapping, a statistical scaling technique that accounts for different changes in high and low flows due to climate change, has been used to scale historical inflows to Barwon Water's system. The result was a set of more than 600 timeseries: 15 GCM simulations at two future time periods at 23 inflow points. Climate simulations were summarised as dry, median and wet scenarios for both 2030 and 2060 reflecting the 10th percentile, 50th percentile and 90th percentile simulations from the 15 GCMs. All climate simulations show that mean annual runoff over Barwon Water catchments will decrease by 2030, and continue to decrease by 2060. Changes in mean annual inflows by 2030 range from a decrease of 8% for the wet scenario to a decrease of 20% under the dry scenario. The median change in mean annual inflows by 2030 was a decrease of 16%. Changes in mean annual inflows by 2060 range from a decrease of 15 % for the wet scenario to a decrease of 35 % under the dry scenario. The median change in mean annual inflows by 2060 was a decrease of 30%. The inflow series were run through Barwon Water's REALM system models and the information will be used to inform planning and operational decisions for the system into the future.


As a complement to the on-going program to study the neutron-deficient even-even Po nuclei, the authors have investigated the neighboring odd-A isotopes. This is useful in order to understand better the single particle influence on the onset of collectivity and other nuclear properties. The {sup 174,176}Yb({sup 29}Si,4n) reactions were used to populate the yrast and near-yrast states in {sup 199,201}Po using HERA at the 88 inches cyclotron at LBL. The preliminary analysis of the data has enabled the authors to extend the low-lying level structures in both nuclei. The interplay of spherical shell model and collective effects will be discussed.


The U.S. s Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 is a pioneering position as a pre - sales control law for industrial chemicals. However, the...


Photography has, since its inception, significantly contributed as a tool to many areas of scientific research and consequently, has been able to achieve a high level of prestige in the scientific field. In recent years, there has been an increasing debate within the scientific community regarding the need for the deposition of type specimens when describing new species. Recently, Marshall & Evenhuis (2015) described a new species of Diptera, based exclusively on a few photographs. Even if one withholds judgement about whether the photographs used present sufficient characteristics for the description and identification of this new species, data missing from the holotype photograph could be of great importance for other analyses and future comparisons. The authors have omitted the digital photographic format used for the photographs in their work, and at no point has a deposition of the RAW type (a digital format sometimes called digital negatives, this file preserves most of the information from the captured picture) for verification of its authenticity been mentioned. The absence of this file for verification of the authenticity of the photograph makes its scientific credibility questionable and untrustworthy. We consider this taxonomical practice based exclusively on the use of photographs to be simplistic and harmful. Although the Code does not mention Rules about the use of photography formats we strongly suggest that, for the elaboration of academic articles, not only in taxonomic ones, using characteristics based on digital photography, the authors should be willing to make the RAW file of the photograph available for comparison in order to avoid doubts regarding the authenticity of the photograph presented.


This paper analyzes the effects of civility on the efficacy of communications in the Canadian House of Commons. This is accomplished through a content analysis of statements made during Question Period by Members of Parliament. I argue that civility (or incivility) and rhetoric are not mere formalities in Parliamentary discourse, but are key to the ways in which politicians represent their positions and attempt to sway opinion. I hypothesize that these forms of civility and rhetoric may have an agenda-setting effect on the issues debated in Parliament. My paper thus sets out to explore the impacts of civil and uncivil discourse on the proceedings of Question Period, as well as the implications these impacts may have for Canadians and their engagement in politics.


The article presents the results of research on vibroacoustic disturbances registered on UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) occurring in real conditions of shock wave measurement by an acoustic locator mounted on the aircraft wing. The attention was focused on determining the parameters of disturbances affecting the process of detecting and determining the coordinates of artillery projectiles flying at supersonic speeds. The main emphasis was placed on characterizing, investigating and analyzing disturbances in the form of acoustic noise and vibration of the UAV structure.


We construct a supersymmetric model based on the semisimple gauge group SU(3)[sub [ital c]][times]SU(3)[sub [ital L]][times]SU(3)[sub [ital R]] with the relation tan[beta][congruent][ital m][sub [ital t]]/[ital m][sub [ital b]] automatically arising from its structure. The model below a scale [similar to]10[sup 16] GeV naturally gives rise just to the minimal supersymmetric standard model and therefore to the presently favored values for sin[sup 2][theta][sub [ital W]] and [alpha][sub [ital s]] without fields in representations higher than the fundamental.


The investigation described in this thesis has included a study of the kinetics of the exchange of chlorine between chloride and tetrachloroplatinate (II) in aqueous solution. As the case in any exchange study it has been necessary to develop a radioactive tracer technique and separation procedure so that the extent of the exchange could be ascertained. By the determination of the extent of exchange as a function of time, the dependence of the rate of exchange upon a number of concentration variables was demonstrated. It was to be expected that the experimental exchange rate law would elucidate features of the mechanism of the process and the species which were involved.


Tests indicate that integrated strength of cold deformed round steel will decrease after the round steel is embedded forged and hot-dip galvanized. The article discusses this phenomena and it is considered that recrystallization temper is the main influence factor. Based on the verification for trials, a new production process of painting some lubricating oil on the surface of rods is put forward.


To ensure the network security in the period of IPv4/IPv6 transition and co-existence is the key for NGI evolution.This paper proposes a novel secure gateway system model based on NAT/PT-NAPTSG,which is aimed at providing the function of high-performance access control and interconnections on the IPv4/IPv6 network border.The considerations about its design is discussed in detail.In the last part of the(paper),the working progress of prototype and testing is described.


The information technology infrastructure library (ITIL) standard describes processes that should be implemented in Information Technology (IT) departments for proper operations management, which includes human resources management, economic management, and strategic management, among others. This should be especially considered in the business management of industries with no relation to information technologies (IT), such as tourism and hospitality companies. This work aims to present a method to establish the order of adoption of the IT management processes in companies that belong to the tourism industry. We conducted a survey to obtain the necessary data and developed a methodology that is based on an optimization procedure. This procedure generates the optimal sequence of IT tasks to adopt in a generic small company in the tourism industry. The methodology was then applied to a representative tourism company. Through the sequence obtained, it is shown that it is necessary to implement operative processes, and subsequently, strategic processes. A comparative study was developed to find the differences with other authors' proposals. The most important result we found was the possibility of efficient use of organizations' information to build an optimized list of IT procedures to improve their administration. The obtained list of processes is specific for each organization, and not dependent on the solutions offered by other authors who proposed a general or underoptimal list of processes.


The ability to tell a narrative upon entrance to kindergarten predicts expressive vocabulary and reading comprehension in fourth, seventh, and tenth grades. Current pervasive anti-immigrant environments and law enforcement practices have been shown to have a detrimental impact on a variety of developmental phenomena of immigrant children. Although it has not been extensively explored, narration ability may well be one of these, a gap this study seeks to address. The present study examined personal narratives of 14 children, aged four to ten, from Spanish-speaking immigrant homes. Results show that children's narratives were considerably less well-structured than those of Spanish-speaking or English-speaking monolingual age peers. A possible explanation is that current immigration policy, which emphasizes deportation, may influence parents behavior and their socio-economic status and interfere with their inclination to foster their children's Spanish skills and consequently with the children's language and literacy development.


This article considers the following questions: How does good teaching build a knowledge of gender identity into its practice? How do we begin the slow process of creating a different ethos regarding masculinity? What are the mechanisms through which a new pedagogy of masculinity can operate? As two scholars teaching masculinity in separate public university spaces—one in a gender studies department at a research I school and the other in elementary education at a regional school—the authors address the ways in which masculinity is understood in their respective pedagogical situations. In so doing, the authors contend that the active construction of gender, masculinity in particular, can be integrated in and through a pedagogy emphasizing plurality and inclusivity that integrates principles of feminist pedagogy and gender justice.


Transistors have reached the extremely small dimensions of sub-10 nm in this era. Gate length has always been primarily considered for the scaling-down of CMOS technologies, but the total contacted poly pitch is the key to achieving a high packing density chip. In this work, the source/drain extension region is taken into consideration to investigate off-state leakage, especially for band-to-band tunneling and Schottky tunneling leakage. Various device parameters were modified within the dimensions of state-of-the-art transistors in the latest semiconductor roadmap. This study was carried out with the aid of the TCAD simulator calibrated using nonequilibrium Green's function simulation.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global threat mostly due to the development of antibiotic resistant forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causal agent of the disease. Driven by the pressing need for new anti-mycobacterial agents, several natural products (NPs) have been shown to have in vitro activities against M. tuberculosis. The utility of any NP as a drug lead is augmented when the anti-mycobacterial target(s) is unknown. To suggest these, we used a molecular docking approach to predict the interactions of 53 selected anti-mycobacterial NPs against known 'druggable' mycobacterial targets ClpP1P2, DprE1, InhA, KasA, PanK, PknB and Pks13. The docking scores / binding free energies were predicted and calculated using AutoDock Vina along with physicochemical and structural properties of the NPs, using PaDEL descriptors. These were compared to the established inhibitor (control) drugs for each mycobacterial target. The specific interactions of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids 2-nortiliacorinine, tiliacorine and 13'-bromotiliacorinine against the targets PknB and DprE1
(-11.4, -10.9 and -9.8 kcal.mol-1
; -12.7, -10.9 and -10.3 kcal.mol-1 , respectively) and the lignan αcubebin and Pks13 (-11.0 kcal.mol-1 ) had significantly superior docking scores compared to controls. Our approach can be used to suggest predicted targets for the NP to be validated experimentally but these in silico steps are likely to facilitate drug optimisation.


The annual postgraduate conference has become one of the most awaited and fascinating
events at the Department of Anthropology. It provides an invaluable opportunity for the
postgraduate students to evaluate the proposed abstracts, co-ordinate with administrative
offices, and organising the event, all as an independent team. The 2011 conference offered
a wide range of interesting presentations representing all the sub-disciplines of
anthropology being researched at Durham. There were also a few students from other
British universities who presented their research, widening the scope of the event beyond
the local boundaries.


Construction Management (CM), some named it as Agency Construction Management (ACM), emerged in the construction industry since 1970s. It was legally become one of the construction service by government procurement method since the establishment of Government Regulation no 28 year of 2000, and it was strengthen by the Presidential Degree no 80 year of 2003. CM was recognised by academics, and it was included in the Civil Engineering curriculum, but not well recognised by the society. Even parties involved in the industry had different understandings. This paper presents the general understanding and terms used in Construction Management services. It discusses the CM body of knowledge based on the Construction Management Association of America (CMAA), and Indonesian Society of Construction management Professional (HAMKI). The roles and services provided by CM firm also highlighted, and CM practices in Indonesian construction industry is presented.


A new orally active anti-estrogenic steroid, 2a,3a-epithio-5a-androstan17jS-yl 1-methoxycyclopentyl ether (10364-S) was given to 41 advanced breast cancer patients. Most patients were given a daily dose of 20 mg. The study was preliminary and not a controlled trial using an already proven androgenic steroid. The remission rate on giving this compound to advanced breast cancer was 11/41 or 26.8% and the average duration of the remission was 10.5 months. Hoarseness (8/41, 19.5%) and hirsutism (5/41, 12.2%) were relatively often seen as virilizing side effects. No unfavorable effects on the hematopoietic organs, the liver or on calcium metabolism were recognized in the study.


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Introduction: Historical Foundations of International Police Cooperation 1. The Rise of International Policing 2. The Expansion of World Society 3. Towards an International Criminal Police 4. War and Revolution 5. The Origins of Interpol 6. Policing Across National Borders 7. On the Road to War: The Control of World Policing 8. Policing the Peace and the Restoration of World Order Conclusion: Patterns and Dynamics of International Policing Appendix 1: A Chronology of International Policing Appendix 2: A German-US Dialogue on Policing and Criminal Justice Appendix 3: Archives and Libraries Bibliography INDEX


Optimising the content and delivery of postgraduate education requires a systems approach, and attention to a number of issues, the most important of which is the recognition that the needs (requirements) of postgraduate students employed in the workforce are different to those of traditional full-time students. This paper describes such a systems approach and addresses those issues in the context of a proposed new Master of Engineering Management Degree for implementation at the University of South Australia (UniSA).


This paper presents an analysis of acoustic streaming in a 2D channel. The unsteady flow resulting from acoustic excitation of the enclosed fluid is of particular interest. The magnitude of the streaming velocity will depend on the Strouhal, S, and oscillatory Reynolds numbers, R. For the frequencies of interest, 1/R and 1/S are much less than one. Results are given for the streaming Reynolds number R/S2 = O(1). Pressure correction approaches used to satisfy the no-slip boundary condition are explored.


Introduction: Eating disorders can affect sleep quality, especially teenagers, because adolescence is a period of physical and psychological changes. Hormone release and glucose metabolism occur during sleep, whereas the neuroendocrine system influences appetite. This study objective is to find out the association of the risk of eating disorders with adolescents sleep quality because adolescents today have not cared about eating time and food consumed.
Methods: This research was cross-sectional analytic research of 275 respondents of junior and senior high school students in an international school located in West Jakarta who met the inclusion criteria in October 2019. The measuring instrument was a demographic questionnaire, screening questionnaire, Eating disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the risk of eating disorder and sleep quality.Results: Most respondents were women as many as 173 people (62,9%), while men as many as 102 people (37,1%). Most respondents, 125 people (45,5%), were 12-13 years old, and the class with most respondents was class 8 as many as 62 people (22,6%). Respondents with the risk of eating disorders as many as 156 people (56,7%) while those with poor sleep quality as many as 240 people (87,3%). Among respondents with the risk of eating disorders, 151 people (96,8%) had poor sleep quality, and five people (3.,2%) had good sleep quality. Chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between the risk of eating disorder with sleep quality (p=0,000)
Conclusion: There is a relationship between the risk of eating disorders on sleep quality in junior and senior school students at Kairos Gracia International School in 2019, so the students need to be given knowledge and advice as well counselling for the student who has a risk of eating disorder to achieve a better quality of life


The importance of research is to provide a description of wastewater content in Makassar polytechnics in the kitchen, through  experimental research methods, by taking wastewater samples from practical kitchens, laboratory test results provide results data obtained from chemical Oxygen Demand supply, wastewater discharged directly into sewers Will not meet the requirements for wastewater quality standards. The wastewater treatment model in polytechnics is still not feasible and is not environmentally friendly, steps need to be taken to make wastewater installations.


This paper returns to the original meaning of the concept of tourism resources, and reconstructs comprehensively the evaluation model in a two-dimensional content, two subjects, two order process, in the review based on the Chinese national standard ------ tourism resources classification. Then taking the tourism of the Silk Road in Gansu Province as example, this thesis verifies the methods and processes of the new model


The research takes as its starting point the possibility of prejudice between workers which would, even in the absence of competition, prevent them associating as their interests would dictate.


The main aim of this paper is to investigate the determinants of youth labour market performances and their infl uence on the future economic and social development of a country. The objectives refer to the assessment of demographic and labour market trends for young people, the analysis of the factors responsible for increasing youth unemployment and for the diff erences between skilled and unskilled young people concerning unemployment rates. To achieve the paper's objectives several statistical and econometric models (descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis) have been used. The main interest was to look for the key drivers of youth labour market sustainable performances. The degree of originality is given by our choice to analyse youth labour market dynamics from an interconnected perspective (demographic trends, youth unemployment, education) and to apply the model for 10 CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia) in order to compare their performances.


∗ We have very great pleasure in publishing this tribute to the late Isaac Kandel, written by the editor of our distinguished U.S. contemporary.


ABSTRACT Gold paper is one variation of metallic paper, which was used as covermaterial for eighteenth century pamphlet bindings in Augsburg, Germany. In order to establish its manufacturing process, analysis of metallic paper and literature research has been conducted mainly based on a publication made by F.W. Exner in 1869. A resulting diagram is provided picturing different paper processing steps in eight stages various metal leaves and finishing. Non-destructive tests were used, including research with magnification, which provided conclusive results about the manufacturing process of the material in question, which proved to be handmade from brass alloy leaves. Handling and storage suggestions are presented, together with findings about the germicidal properties of this material, which was a positive surprise of the research.


In order to improve trajectory tracking accuracy for a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) planar parallel robot, in this paper, we develop a new control approach based on adaptive control with the use of the so-called synchronization error. Similar to the contour error proposed for machine tools, the defined synchronization error represents the degree of coordination amongst the active joints in the parallel robot, which is substantially different from the traditional tracking errors. By using the synchronization error, all active joints in the parallel robot are controlled to move in a synchronous manner so that the trajectory tracking accuracy of the robot end-effector is substantially improved. In addition, with the use of adaptive control, the synchronization error and the pose error of the platform are guaranteed to converge to zero simultaneously, while uncertain parameters in the system dynamic model are guaranteed to converge to their true values. Experiments conducted on the planar parallel robot verify the above claims and evaluate performance of the proposed control approach, compared with conventional PID control


Background The effects of ultrasound-guided high-pressure stenting on late stent and reference segment dimensions are unknown. In this study, we report about angiographic and ultrasound measurements to assess the amount and distribution of neointimal ingrowth within the stent and the changes of plaque burden and dimensions within the reference segments. Methods and Results Sixty-eight consecutive patients with 72 lesions received single or multiple Palmaz-Schatz coronary stents with a standardized protocol for stent optimization under ultrasound guidance. The residual angiographic diameter stenosis was 3±12% (reference diameter, 3.16±0.61 mm). At follow-up 4.8±2.5 months later, angiography revealed a diameter stenosis of 27±21% with a restenosis rate of 15.3% (confidence interval: 7.8% to 25.6%). Lumen renarrowing within the stent was exclusively due to neointimal ingrowth; no stent compression was observed. The neointima covered 20±20% of the stent area and was more pronounced in the midportion of the st...


The capacitance value of the sample was measured by the method of exchange capacity-bridge,and through the contrast with the drying method,the relation between electric capacity and moisture content was demarcated,thus,the examination goal of wall artificial brick moisture content was achieved.The result indicated that this method is suitable for the fast examination of the wall artificial brick mois -ture content and the need of construction control,and the dynamic response time is short in the process of measure,moreover,its virtues in-clude no damage to the simple,low loss to the machinery,simple structure,adaptability to the environment,low cost,and high measuring ac -curacy.


Background: Several studies have suggested the positive impact of vitamin D on patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes and mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted through the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Ovid, and The Cochrane Library with no limitation in time and language, until December 16, 2020. The results were screened based on their accordance with the subject. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies and the outcomes of interest were extracted. Using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Quasi-Experimental Studies, the remaining results were appraised critically. Statistical analysis was performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 2.0. Results: Of the 2311 results, 1305 duplicated results were removed. After screening the titles, abstracts, and the full-text articles of the remaining records, four studies and 259 patients were enrolled, including 139 patients in vitamin D intervention groups. In three of the studies, the patients' survival and mortality rate were evaluated. The pooled analysis of these studies showed a significantly lower mortality rate among the intervention groups (10.56%) compared with the control groups (23.88%) (OR = 0.264, 95% CI = 0.099-0.708, p-value = 0.008). Two of the studies reported the clinical outcomes based on the World Health Organization's Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement (OSCI) score for COVID-19, where both of them showed a significant decrease in OSCI score in the vitamin D intervention groups. Additionally, One study reported a lower rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and one study reported a significant decrease in serum levels of Fibrinogen. Conclusion: Prescribing vitamin D supplementation to patients with COVID-19 infection seems to decrease the mortality rate, the severity of the disease, and serum levels of the inflammatory markers. Further studies are needed to determine the ideal type, dosage and duration of supplementation.


In Thorax , Cavany et al 1 present the results of an analysis of contact tracing for TB conducted in London between 2012 and 2015, using cohort review data from the London TB Register, and try to identify some characteristics associated with indicators and yield. The study concludes that contacts of cases with smear-positive pulmonary TB are identified with active disease in a much higher proportion than contacts of non-pulmonary cases (4.1% vs 0.7%), that the identification of contacts is less frequent among men and former prisoners than among women and persons who were never imprisoned and that the identification of contacts is more likely if the contacts are examined at the same clinic as the index case. Furthermore, 10% of evaluated children contacts have been identified with latent TB infection.

TB is a transmissible disease, with a slow and unpredictable evolution, from transient …


In the present investigation, effect of various concentrations of sugar factory effluent on the leghaemoglobin and soluble protein contents of Cicer arietinum and Trigonella foenum-graecum has been studied and it was found that an optimum concentration of effluent is stimulatory to leghaemoglobin and soluble protein contents and an increase in its concentration decreases various parameters.


Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a chlorinated solvent used in the dry-cleaning industry. PCE is a toxic chemical and is hazardous to humans and the environment. PCE is a dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and once it leaks into the soil, moves downwards and contaminates the soil and the groundwater. Common remediation techniques like soil washing do not easily remediate the soil contaminated with PCE, unless proper additives like surfactants are added to the washing solution. Surfactants reduce the surface and interfacial tension, and increase the solubility of PCE. Surfactants at concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) form micelles and make PCE partition into the micelles, consequently PCE disperses in the aqueous phase and becomes more bioavailable. This study evaluates the effectiveness of rhamnolipid and two surfactant-based products (ASAP (TM) and Degreaser (TM) ) on the bioremediation of PCE. These two agents are non-toxic chemicals. Following the USEPA methods, and gas chromatography analysis, diverse 21 day experiments were conducted. ASAP(TM) and Degreaser(TM) at a ratio to soil of 1:1 showed removal efficiencies of 45% and 52%, respectively. Addition of rhamnolipid with a ratio to soil of 1:1 to these products at the same ratios enhanced the remediation up to 55% and 58%. Conducting microbial analysis, a direct correlation was observed between microbial density and PCE removal, which suggests that degradation, had occurred. The removal trend was: Biological agent + rhamnolipid > biological agent> rhamnolipid > Control.


BaBi2Ta2O9 thin films having a layered structure were fabricated by metalorganic solution deposition technique. The films exhibited good structural, dielectric, and insulating properties. The room temperature resistivity was found to be in the range of 1012–1014 Ω cm up to 4 V corresponding to a field of 200 kV/cm across the capacitor for films annealed in the temperature range of 500–700 °C. The current-voltage (I–V) characteristics as a function of thickness for films annealed at 700 °C for 1 h, indicated bulk limited conduction and the log(I) vs V1/2 characteristics suggested a space-charge-limited conduction mechanism. The capacitance–voltage measurements on films in a metal–insulator–semiconductor configuration indicated good Si/BaBi2Ta2O9 interface characteristics and a SiO2 thickness of ∼5 nm was measured and calculated.


It is important to manage the dynamic information of moving objects in database technique, it is crucial that how to manage and query the dynamic information of moving objects effectively. In this paper, a system to manage moving object is discussed, which changes time-space into ST-GRlD (space-time grid) model and changes the moving tract of the moving object into poly line in the ST-GRlD .The Ripple Insert algorithm to produce poly line tract and the solution of moving object abruptly changing destination are given.


Summary The purpose of our research was to test the hypothesis concerning the possibility to use tolerance polygons method in the taxonomy of ciliates. 13 species of Paramecium were used in the experiments. Resemblance of tolerance polygons of investigated species was estimated. Template of resemblance was clustered through the weighed pairgroup method. There are 3 clusters in the graph of tolerant polygons and potential tolerance resemblance. The largest, which includes 7 species (P. caudatum, P. jenningsi, P. multimicronucleatum, P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. sexaurelia, P. polycaryum) coincides with «aurelia» group. The small cluster that consists of 2 speciesP. putrinum and P. bursaria corresponds to Jankowski's subgenus Helianter. Euryhaline species corres� ponding to «woodruffi» groupP. calkinsi, P. duboscqui, P. nephridiatum and P. woodruffi form the third cluster.


A six degree-of-freedom computer-controlled manipulator is examined, and the relationships between the arm's joint variables and 3-space are derived. Arm trajectories using sequences of third-degree polynomials to describe the time history of each joint variable are presented and two approaches to the avoidance of obstacles are given. The equations of motion for the arm are derived and then decomposed into time-dependent factors and time-independent coefficients. Several new and simplifying relationships among the coefficients are proven. Two sample trajectories are analyzed in detail for purposes of determining the most important contributions to total force in order that relatively simple approximations to the equations of motion can be used.