About 10 years ago, managers began to experiment with partial cutting rather than clearcutting in mountain caribou habitat. The rationale was to determine whether it was possible, through use of non-clearcutting silvicultural systems, to harvest timber and also maintain the habitat attributes that are critical to caribou (Stevenson et al. 1994). Much has been learned from those early trials about layout, harvesting practices, and short-term impacts on timber values and caribou habitat attributes (Jull et al. 1996, Cariboo Forest Region 1997, Jull and Stevenson 1999). A new generation of operational partial cutblocks is under way, building on the results of the earlier trials (Waters 1996, Armleder et al. 2000, Stevenson et al. 1999). Recently, the move to improve biodiversity conservation by patterning forest management after the characteristic natural disturbance regime (Province of British Columbia 1995, Voller and Harrison 1998) has given added impetus to the use of partial cutting in the forests of the Interior Cedar–Hemlock and Engelmann Spruce–Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zones in southeastern British Columbia. Most mountain caribou range is characterized by a natural disturbance regime in which stand-destroying events are infrequent, and regeneration occurs largely through the death of individual trees or small groups of trees. Single-tree selection and group selection resemble the natural disturbance regime in these stands more than do even-aged silvicultural systems. However, no silvicultural system perfectly imitates nature. Partially cut stands typically differ from natural stands in several ways: more trees are usually removed in a harvest entry than would die naturally; few dead trees are left standing after a harvest entry; and, over time, more and more of the trees are in younger age classes. Partial cutting can affect mountain caribou in a variety of ways. Here we discuss only the effects of partial cutting on the main winter foods of mountain caribou, the arboreal lichens Bryoria spp. and Alectoria sarmentosa. The most immediate impact is the loss of the arboreal lichens on the trees that are felled for harvest. Sometimes caribou forage on the felled trees, but those lichens are available only briefly. The reduction in lichen biomass exceeds the level associated with merchantable timber removal, because of the additional loss of lichens on dead or dangerous trees that are felled to ensure a safe work environment. The lichens on the remaining trees are exposed to more wind than they were exposed to before cutting. In extreme instances, due to topographic exposure, excessive timber removal, or both, much of the lichen in the residual stand may be blown off. More commonly, increased exposure may result in a pulse of litterfall after harvesting, followed by stabilization. By opening up the canopy of a stand, partial cutting alters the canopy microclimate. We expect that at any given level in the canopy, the microclimate will be slightly windier, drier, and more extreme in temperature in a partially cut stand than in an unharvested stand. These microclimatic changes are likely to affect the physiological activity, growth rates, and fragmentation rates of the lichens in the canopy. So far, our studies of growth rates of lichens in the lower canopy of Engelmann spruce–subalpine fir stands indicate a decline in the growth rate of A. sarmentosa, but not necessarily of Bryoria spp., after partial cutting. These results suggest that a gradual shift in genus composition will occur, and are consistent with the stratification of epiphyte species in a forest canopy along a moisture gradient described by McCune (1993). As caribou select Bryoria spp. over A. sarmentosa in feeding trials (Rominger et al. 1996), such a shift in genus composition may not be unfavourable to them. Distances between old trees and many of the young trees will be greater in a partially cut stand than in an unharvested stand. Studies of dispersal of lichen propagules (Stevenson 1988, Dettki 1998) have shown that Bryoria spp. disperse effectively over much greater distances than A. sarmentosa. Bryoria colonization is likely to exceed background levels throughout the openings in a partial cut, but not necessarily in a clearcut. A. sarmentosa may be uncommon on young trees in the interior of openings, especially if Effects of Partial Cutting on Arboreal Lichens Used by Mountain Caribou


Media is a channel through which every message is communicated using a language in a meaningful way. The language used in media can be said to be 'specific' and there arises a need to have the course -- Mass Communication Programme. Communicative competence means the capability to employ language effectively and aptly in social contexts and circumstances. Testing communicative competence is a challenging format by which the teachers assess the competence of learners. This includes information gap and role-play activities for speaking, letter writing, note-taking and summarising. The combination of all these enhance listening and writing competencies. An investigation has been conducted among the students to develop the communicative competence through media such as newspapers, internet, T.V, Radio etc. 50 respondents from two colleges, located in rural and urban areas, with 25 students each from a college, have been chosen for analysis. A questionnaire is used as a tool for the purpose of analysing communicative competence of the selected second year students of arts and science courses. This paper focuses on the importance of media in developing the language skills among the students at tertiary level.


SCI,EI,ISTP,and CSTPC are widely accepted as objective criteria for assessing scientific research in universities.This paper introduces the features of SCI,EI,ISTP,and CSTPC,points out the functions they play in allocating scientific research resources,quantifying scientific achievements and producing talents and their weaknesses such as overemphasizing the quantity and neglecting the citation rate,and finally offers some suggestions as to how to construct an adequate assessing system in China so as to improve scientific research management in universities.


For the first decade of the 21st century the indices of traumatism in the Republic of Tatarstan were stable. However, on the background of decrease in weight density of minor injuries happened the traumas' weighing. In the types of injuries the most common are domestic and street, rarely — industrial, transport and sports. For the years of 2002 — 2011 the mortality rate of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan from injuries decreased from 7.8 to 40%, depending on sex, age and type of population. Prevention of mortality from injuries is the primary prevention of traumatism.


Copyright©2015 Korean Geriatric Society This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). ▸Received: May 24, 2015 ▸Revised: September 26, 2015 ▸Accepted: October 28, 2015 Address for correspondence: Dong Won Park, MD, PhD Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Korea Tel: +82-2-2290-8302, Fax: +82-2-2298-9183 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 경피적 경간 담낭배액술 이후에 발생한 흉강담도루를 통한 담즙성 흉막 감염 1예


During the next decade, the effectiveness of government agencies will depend on how well they address major demographic, social, political, economic, technological, and managerial trends which affect their workforce. Human resource development can play a major role in helping agencies respond, but to do so it will have to adopt a more proactive, strategic orientation, expand and dramatically alter products and services, and develop the capacity to use new skills, technologies, and work methods. Choosing among various possible futures will demand visionary leadership in government human resource development.


Female infertility has been reported in two lines of mice with mutation of the Egr-1 gene. One underlying cause of this defect is deficient LH production by pituitary gonadotropes. However, Egr-1 is also acutely regulated by both FSH and LH in ovarian granulosa cells (1). A role for this transcription factor in regulating gonadotrophin responsive target genes and ovarian function is hypothesised. Indeed the LH-receptor is a proposed target of Egr-1 regulation, but this has not been investigated in detail in vivo and is difficult to reconcile with the pattern of Egr-1 expression. In this study, the role of Egr-1 within the ovarian follicle was investigated using exogenous gonadotropin replacement in Egr-1–/– mice . Adult Egr-1–/– female mice superovulated by sequential PMSG and hCG stimulation and mated with proven male breeders failed to produced offspring while 90% of heterozygous females got pregnant and produced litters (7.4 ± 2.9 pups per litter) within 22 days of stimulation. Recovery of oocytes from oviducts of immature superovulated mice revealed a reduced ovulation rate in null females (6.3 ± 3.8 oocytes) compared to their heterozygous (18.0 ± 6.5) and WT (17.8 ± 6.8) littermates. Gross morphology and histology of exogenously stimulated ovaries were indistinguishable from their heterozygous or WT counterparts. Surprisingly, no alteration was detectable in the mRNA expression of previously reported direct Egr-1 responsive genes, namely LH-receptor and membrane prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES). Nor were mRNA for two critical ovulatory genes with putative Egr-1 response elements, ADAMTS-1 or versican V1 altered. Temporal and spatial expression of genes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis, P450scc and Cyp17 and LH-receptor, were indistinguishable from normal littermates during exogenously controled follicular development. Combined observations of acute Egr-1 induction by gonadotropins, reduced ovulation and complete infertility suggest an important role for Egr-1 in ovarian function. However, genes identified as targets of Egr-1 regulation in other studies proved to be Egr-1 independent in this model. (1) Russell et al. (2003) Mol. Endo. 17, 520.


"Weeds"was born in a special period of the collision,the big turning point and the great convergence between ancient and modern cultures.It is not only influenced by the works of foreign authors,but also has intricate ties with Chinese classical literature.As a milestone in Chinese Modern Poems,"Weeds"would have a huge impact on Chinese contemporary prose writing,and with which the complex relationship will occur.During the process of the comparative study on the relations between"Weeds"and the works of Chinese writers,the use of a variety of comparative research methods,such as source-exploration,repercussion,parallel study,etc.,has opened up a different kind of world for the research of"Weeds".Here,there is change,and there is tradition,so you can understand more clearly the contextual status and roles that "Weeds"plays in the history of Chinese prose development.Of course,the scope and methods of this research area need to be further expanded and improved,and it is worth for researchers continuing to further develop and explore.


Persistent viruses create a profound immunosuppressive environment that is conserved in mice and humans. While several pathways suppressing CD8 T cell responses have been identified, much less is known about the immune regulatory molecules restricting the number and helper function of CD4 T cells. By using Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) infection in mice, we observed enhanced signaling of the immunosuppressive cytokine Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in virus-specific T cells during chronic infection. Importantly, genetic ablation of TGF-β receptor (R) resulted in rapid mortality upon chronic, but not acute, LCMV infection. While TGF-βR deficient mice showed comparable CD8 T cell responses, CD4 T cell proliferation, terminal differentiation and a cytotoxic program characterized by Granzyme B, Perforin and EOMES expression were significantly enhanced in the absence of TGF-βR signaling. Importantly, EOMES overexpression recapitulated the phenotype of TGF-βR deficient CD4 T cells while EOMES inhibition suppressed it. Finally, preliminary experiments showed TGF-β signaling also suppressed cytotoxic molecules and EOMES in human CD4 T cells. Together these data uncover a novel TGF-βR-dependent axis that restricts EOMES-driven differentiation and cytotoxicity in murine and human CD4 T cells while highlighting a critical role for TGF-βR in limiting anti-viral CD4 T cell responses and mortality upon chronic viral infection.


Through the 26 monitoring sections established in Haikou, 7 water quality indicators were recorded. GIS spatial analysis functions were used to conduct water quality analysis and map water quality variations in Haikou. The results showed that the water quality was worse in non-flood seasons than during flood seasons. The primary pollutant is NH3-N, whose average value (4.44mg·L -1) exceeds the Class V water quality standard and has a high variation coefficient (177%). There are significant spatial differences, which are greatly affected by human activities and the tertiary industry. The primary pollutant in the flood season is TP, with an average value of 0.47 mg·L-1, a strong variation with significant spatial differences. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the overall water quality shows a trend of deterioration from inland to near the sea entrance. The most severe pollution is the H2 cluster, which is located in the main urban area and where many rivers enter the sea. It is a key area for water pollution prevention and control.


In recent years, momentum trading has been a very mainstream trading strategy. The Chinese market is an emerging market and there are a large number of retail investors. Thus it is characterized by irrational behavior and non-efficient markets. These characteristics are favorable for applying the momentum strategy, which has not been widely used in the Chinese market. In this paper, three tests to examine the non-effectiveness and trend correlation of the market are conducted and a momentum strategy - determining the timing of trades by judging the market trend based on those tests is proposed. The empirical experiments shows that when time interval is small, the strategy achieves good performance on two representative indices of Chinese market, the CSI 300 Index and the CSI 500 Index. It also indicates that in certain cases there are indeed a certain of market inefficiency in China and that momentum is a proper trading strategy to get profit.


One of the things that make the writings of Walter Benjamin so intriguing is the way his thoughts on the new media emerge from a very distinctive interpretation of the old. The most elaborately articulated instance of this emergence can be found in an early text, namely, Benjamin's doctoral dissertation, "The Concept of Criticism in German Romanticism." Although Benjamin, who aspired to become the leading critic of 20 century Germany, has in recent decades become one of the most cited of critics, his dissertation, perhaps because of its rather academic style and subject matter, has not attracted the same attention, even in literary-critical circles. And where the dissertation has been discussed, one aspect of it has been almost entirely ignored. It is with this dimension of his text that I will be concerned in this chapter. In order to interpret the different words employed in the title of his thesis, above all "art ," "criticism" and "concept," Benjamin introduces another term that distinguishes itself from almost all the other terms he uses, which are almost all taken from the writings that he is interpreting. But in this one case, the word is not used by any of the writers he is analyzing – not Friedrich Schlegel, not Novalis, and not even by the shadowy figure who appears briefly at the beginning and toward the end of the thesis both framing and transcending the text in its entirety, namely Friedrich Hölderlin. No, this word appears to have no history, to come from nowhere and yet plays a decisive role in the construction of Benjamin's overall argument. This word is, quite simply, or not so simply, "medium" . That it should have come to play such a significant part in Benjamin's dissertation is both understandable and enigmatic. Understandable, since Benjamin himself had used the term, as well as its adjectival-adverbial variations (medial, mediality) extensively several years earlier in an important but in his lifetime unpublished essay on "Language in General and the Language of Man" (1916). In that essay he elaborates a notion of language as a "medium" in a very distinct sense, namely as a process that does not communicate anything external – a meaning, for instance. In other words, as Benjamin puts it in that essay, language is a medium, but not a means to any end external to itself. It is therefore not to be confused with any form of instrumentality, or of mediation. Rather, its function is that of imparting itself immediately – unmittelbar – i.e. without the mediation of anything external to itself:


Blades are one of the key parts in aircraft or turbine engine. Machining, such as polishing and grinding are frequently used to enhance the physics performance of blades to improve the service life. However, due to the free-form surface, it is still a challenge for path planning of machining on the blades. This paper proposes a path planning method of machining on surface of the blade. The machining path is first planned on the basis of contour curve of blades. The machining areas are then recognized according to the radius of curvature along the curves. Finally, a six-axis machine tool is developed, and experiments of surface machining are performed on a real blade. The results prove that the proposed path planning method for machining on the blades is effective.1


.. Introduction ... Table of Content~ What is a Learning Ditliculty? Socio-emotional and Behavioural Problems .. The Teacher's Role .. Referral of Children with Learning Difficulties .. Mental Health and Well-being in Schools .... Conclusion .. References . Title Page Research Project


Mycotoxins contamination and the associated risks are well known from the scientific community as it is possible to desume from the huge amount of the related scientific publications. Although the threat for human and animal health is really high and the worldwide diffusion of the contamination is for the most part uncontrollable, the public opinion is not really conscious of the problem and sometimes ignores it. In the present paper, a brief description of different aspects related to mycotoxins contamination is reported as regard toxicology and risks for the health, recent European and global regulations, and laboratory methods for mycotoxins determination


Hu Shi's study of A Dream of Red Mansion did not excel at literary criticism. In spite of this, Hu Shi didn't forget that A Dream of Red Mansion is a literary work. Among Hu Shi's works on A Dream of Red Mansion, some of his ideas were from a literary perspective. The fact that Hu Shi did not study A Dream of Red Mansion from the perspective of literary criticism was attributed to the background of his time and himself.


KONSTHISTOR ISK TIDSKR IFT 2005, VOL 74, NO 2 During the last ten years new interest has been directed towards the visual culture of the nineteenth century. The centrality of image flows and visual technologies in our own time has, on one the hand, led to a search for the broad historical origins of this culture. It has for example been claimed by Jonathan Crary that the roots of the radical media changes in the twentieth century are to be found in the first decades of the previous century, where »a new kind of observer took shape«– and a new and subjective mode of vision developed.1 The interest in the visual culture of the nineteenth century has, on the other hand, led to more specific studies of one of its central components: photography – and the origins of photographic discourse. The major works in this respect are Mary Warner Marien's Photography and Its Critics: A Cultural History, 839–900 (997) and Geoffrey Batchen's Burning with Desire: The Conception of Photography (997). What these works seem to have in common is a focus on photography as an idea. Warner Marien has searched for »patterns of meaning, signifying strategies, implied absences, contradictions, elisions, ...« etc. in nineteenth century texts on photography.2 And, inspired by Michel Foucault, Geoffrey Batchen argues in favour of shifting focus from »the invention of photography to the onset of a desire to photograph«.3 The inspiration from Foucault comes particularly from the idea that the discourse constitutes its own object. The historical identity of photography is thus not just a history of technological innovations – and its ontological identity is not just that of a »pure« representative medium. Photography is more precisely conceived as a meeting place of different discourses and ways of understanding. Following this line of thought, I will try here to map some of the fundamental features of the Norwegian nineteenth-century discourses on photography. As my point of entry to this wide field of research, where, so far, only scattered areas have been described, I will use two different fictional texts published in Norway in the nineteenth century. What these texts have in common is more than the fact that they both have photographers as main characters; each of them in its own way also seems to reflect the question of the nature of photography. The earliest of these texts, The Daguerreotype (84), published in the literary magazine Ny Hermoder, is a short story – a novelette.4 It is a romantic tale about a young painter for whom photography represents the solution to all thinkable problems – vocational as well as in his love life. But while the author of this story is unknown (the story may in fact have been translated from French), the other text, The Wild Duck (884), a so-called contemporary drama, is written by an internationally renowned playwright, and one of the most prominent voices in the public culture of the period, Henrik Ibsen.5 In Ibsen's drama, where the main character is a romantic dreamer and a photographer,


In his opening address for On the Waterfront, John Coombs, the National Secretary of the Maritime Union of Australia (MUA) emphasised that it was 'never to soon to put contemporary events into historical perspective'. After a welcome by Sydney Branch president, Beverley Symons, Coombs discussed the recent dispute and highlighted the 'long history of international solidarity on the waterf ronf as a major factor underpinning the widespread support given to the MUA. In an important reminder that no dispute ever really 'ends', Coombs warned of upcoming discussion in Federal Parliament of proposed legislation which he saw as the next instalment in the Coalition's attempt to marginalise his union. These interrelated aspects of persistent attempts to deunionise the stevedoring industry and the consequent importance for the maritime unions of the development and maintenance of international and community links provided a theme that underlay contributions by other speakers to the conference. Papers were presented by Margo Beasley, Rowan Cahill, Braham Dabscheck, Greg Mallory, Tony Morison, Richard Morris, Bruce Scates and Tom Sheridan. The conference was well attended by a broad range of people including unionists, academics and students. Margo Beasley outlined the historical developments of the Waterside Workers Federation (WWF) against the background of repeated attempts to introduce non union labour onto Australian ports. Her presentation spanned the years between the emergence of early stevedoring unionism in the late 19th century, when 'casual labour became the union' to the recruitment dispute of 1954. Two themes on which Beasley chose to place particular emphasis were the formation in 1917 of the Permanent and Casuals (P&Cs), an employer sponsored organisation, designed to marginalise the Federation, and the Federation's remarkably successful strategies of solidarity and appeals for regional community support. The theme of community support and involvement was central to Bruce Scates' spirited presentation on the 1890 Maritime Strike, in which tens of thousands of Australian and New Zealand unionists 'fought over the very right to organise'. Scates' presentation focused the relationship between the strike, working families, class and gender identity. He argued that 'the private struggle of the home was also transferred into the public struggle on the street.' As such the dispute was not only fought on the picket lines, but 'in the backyards,... and kitchens'. Richard Morris, examined the 1928 Transport Workers ('Dog-Collar') Act and Federal government attempts to debilitate the WWF by means of regulation rather than deregistration. Morris argued that the political environment of the day?


An axial symmetry model of giant magnetostrictive actuator was built in this paper. Based on it, the magnetic field of the actuator was analyzed with finite element method, and the extension of giant magnetostrictive rod was calculated under different excitative current with numerical integration. According to comparison between the experimental results and modeling results, it can be obviously seen that the linear working domain of the actuator is estimated effectively


The urgency of researching the problem of the first-graders' school adaptation as a difficult vital situation for the child and parents is defined in the article. Research results of adaptation character of the first-graders to school, as well as difficulties of children and parents during school adaptation of the first-graders are presented.


A method of manufacturing a ceramic arc chamber (420) comprising providing a sintering tray (412) including a plurality of bores (422). The bores (422) having a first diameter upper section (424) and a second narrower diameter lower section (426). Positioning a plurality of ceramic end caps (212) having a main body portion (216), and a leg portion (219) in the bores (422) such that the leg portion (219) passes downwardly through the narrower diameter lower section (426) and the main body portion (216) is retained within the upper section (424). Moreover, the second diameter lower section (426) acts as a shoulder supporting the end cap (210). Next, a ceramic arc tube (214) is positioned within the first diameter upper section (424) and mated with the ceramic end cap (212). A second end cap (210) is mated to a second upper open end of the ceramic arc tube (214) to form an arc tube preform (420). The arc tube preforms (420) are then sintered to join the components via controlled shrinkage.


This project addresses the issues of finding the appropriate values for the constants or parameters used in any clustering algorithm for software maintenance. It is an attempt to reduce the human effort of substituting random values in an algorithm and finding the right value for the constant by trial and error. This application implements a single objective genetic algorithm which solves the above mentioned issue in a pattern very similar to the human approach, but the computer solution is much more efficient and robust. Two clustering algorithms have also been implemented to interface with the proposed solution to study the behavior and verify the validity if the proposed solution. Experimental results show that the presented genetic-based solution is appropriate for this problem, as it tries different combinations and solutions and gives the values which in-turn helps the clustering algorithm to give optimal results.


We assess the medicinal value and "drug-likeness" of ∼3200 compounds of natural origin, along with some of their derivatives which were obtained through hemisynthesis. In the present study, 376 distinct medicinal plant species belonging to 79 plant families from the Central African flora have been considered, based on data retrieved from literature sources. For each compound, the optimised 3D structure has been used to calculate physicochemical properties which determine oral availability on the basis of Lipinski's "Rule of Five". A comparative analysis has been carried out with the "drug-like", "lead-like", and "fragment-like" subsets, containing respectively 1726, 738 and 155 compounds, as well as with our smaller previously published CamMedNP library and the Dictionary of Natural products. A diversity analysis has been carried out in comparison with the DIVERSet™ Database (containing 48 651 compounds) from ChemBridge. Our results prove that drug discovery, beginning with natural products from the Central African flora, could be promising. The 3D structures are available and could be useful for virtual screening and natural product lead generation programs.


With the increasing emergence of commercialized transgenic plants,there are ever growing discussions concerning the bio-safety of transgenic plants,particularly in the safety of the selective marker genes. Scientists have explored to breed transgenic plants with safety selectable marker genes or marker-free ones,aiming at improving the safety of transgenic plants to make them easily receptive to consumers.The up-to-date developments in this filed are reviewed in this paper.


This analysis places the causes and objectives of the Zapatista uprising in relation both to those of other agrarian movements, and to debates about them. Longstanding disagreements on the political left about indigenous autonomy and micro-level nationalist aspirations are examined with particular reference to 'from above' and 'from below' variants of indigenista discourse in Mexico. Of particular interest is the way in which the discourse about indigenous peasant 'otherness' necessarily generates a disempowering intra-class conflict, an issue linked in turn to the broader political economy of indigenismo. It is argued that, in many respects, the true precursors of the 1990s Zapatistas are the 1920s Cristeros and 1930s Sinarquistas, each of which constitutes a traditionalist form of anti-capitalist peasant movement belonging to the same agrarian populist lineage. The political efficacy of a Zapatista programme (cultural autonomy, human rights, systemically non-specific democracy) that leaves the wider class structure and its state intact is questioned. 'This journey has only served to confirm this belief, that the division of America into unstable and illusory nations is a complete fiction. We are one single mestizo race with remarkable ethnographic similarities, from Mexico down to the Magellan Straits.' – Ernesto Che Guevara [ 2004 ] after having travelled round Latin America on a motorcycle during the early 1950s. 'During the late disastrous season, in the autumn of 1839, in a distant western county, when there was no hope of seed-sowing, the little farmers without capital, whose existence seemed to depend upon it, were cheerful and contented; and this was uniformly more the case in proportion to their poverty. If there came a deluge of rain, they said, "God's will be done." If there came a fine day, they said, "God sent it." And all their conduct and conversation was so resigned and buoyant, as to shame both landlords and merchants, and other rich men, who at the same period were suffering a comparatively small diminution in their prosperity, from the difficulties of the times and the dearness of provisions.' – The idealization by Bosanquet [ 1841 : 164] of resignation among impoverished Irish farmers occasioned by religious belief as one of the 'Virtues of the Poor'. 'During the third and last general election under the Spanish Republic, a lean, underfed Andalusian land-worker was standing in the queue before a polling booth in Granada. A conservative agent who hung about on the lookout for votes to be bought showed him a silver duro (or crown) in the hollow of his hand. The worker met the manoeuvre with a blank stare. The agent produced a twenty-five peseta note. Another blank stare. Piqued, he produced a one hundred peseta note, almost a fortune for the poor wretch. Unmoved, the worker out of work let fall a lapidary phrase: "En mi hambre mando yo." I am master of my hunger.' – The recognition by a liberal bourgeois theorist [de Madariaga, 1958 : 1–2] of both the existence and the power of class consciousness among the rural workers in 1930s Spain. 1 'Depend upon it there is nothing so unnatural as the commonplace.' – Sherlock Holmes to Doctor Watson in 'A Case of Identity' [Conan Doyle, 1928 : 56].


The mature egg and the acanthor of Moniliformis dubius have been redescribed with special emphasis on the features relevant to the locomotion of this larval acanthocephalan. The movements of acanthors have been analysed by the use of frame by frame study of filmed records of motile acanthors. Acanthors appear to use the same mode of locomotion for hatching, locomotion within the gut of the intermediate host and penetration of the host's gut wall. Movement is produced by a set of spiralled, longitudinal muscles in the body wall of the hind body and two rostellar retractor muscles. This musculature acts both directly on the body wall and indirectly by hydraulic effects via the hydrostatic skeleton of pseudocoelomic fluid. The spiny evertable rostellum and the backward facing spines of the hind body are the means whereby shape changes of the acanthor interact with the immediate environment to produce effective progression. I should like to thank Professor D. Arthur for the provision of laboratory facilities, Dr D. W. T. Crompton for the initial gift of eggs of M. dubius and Mr R. D. Reed for invaluable assistance with microcinematographic technique. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Nuffield Foundation Research Fellowship.


Enterprise logistics plays an important role in marketing management of modern enterprises.Effective logistic management promotes marketing capability in such aspects as customer satisfaction, market reactive speed, distribution channels management and marketing innovation.To improve marketing effect, enterprises should strengthen logistics marketing, integrate resources and make logistics decisions to meet the requirements of marketing strategies.


A system for producing a book (32) on-demand includes a book order processing system (20) which receives and processes a book order (12) for the book, a book preparation system (30), and a book order control system (40). The book order processing system produces a book preparation command (22) for the book and a book order control command (24) for the book order and the book in response to the book order. The book preparation system prepares the book from a data file in response to the book preparation command and the book order control system assembles control information (42) for the book order and the book in response to the book order control command. Order may be placed by a single customer (14) or multiple customers. Single or multiple copies of one book or multiple books may be ordered.


We have measured the transverse resistance of an intermetallic compound ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{GaC}$ in pulsed high magnetic fields up to 25 T. Giant magnetoresistance is observed due to the field-induced magnetic transition from the antiferromagnetic to the intermediate phase at low temperatures. The temperature dependence of magnetoresistance shows a dip at the Curie temperature. The dip can be explained using a simple model of de Gennes and Friedel based on magnetic critical scatterings. The normal Hall coefficient is found to show a striking change at the transition, suggesting that the giant magnetoresistance is caused by the change of the carrier concentration.


Due to the effective antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), these particles are receiving an extensive interest for applying in wide range of consumer products and water purification systems. Entering the Agbased material in wastewater system can influence the biological cycle such as nitrogen. Denitrification as a part of nitrogen cycle is an effective biological process in wastewater systems which can be affected by Ag-NPs. The objective of this research was to study the impact of Ag-NPs on aerobic nitrate reduction. We showed that Rhizobium sp and Azotobacter sp isolates were able to reduce nitrate aerobically. Adding 0.2 ppm of Ag-NPs in culture medium of Azotobacter PHB+ enhanced the nitrate reduction activity about 20% and Ag-NPs at this concentration has no significant effect on the nitrate reduction activity of periplasmic extracts of the selected isolates in aerobic conditions. Thus, it seems that entering certain concentration of Ag-NPs in environments has no significant impact on microbial aerobic denitrification as a certain part of nitrogen cycle.


Tight data- and timing constraints are imposed by DSP applications. Also, the target processor architecture or the synthesized circuit template conform resource constraints. Additionally, instead of registers address-limited storage files with fifos or stacks are used. Continuing previous work on register file capacity satisfaction, this paper presents a method that during scheduling handles address constraints of storage files with fifos or stacks together with timing and resource constraints.


A new effiecient indexfor moving objects is presented, based on R-tree and existing clustering algorithms. For indexing a set of moving points so that various queries, including range queries, time-slice queries, and nearest-neighbor queries, can be answered efficiently. A novel feature of the index is that it adopt the well-known clustering algorithm, namely -means algorithm. Instead of the "two-way" split procedure and adopting"multi-way"split , which inherently is supported by clustering techniques. Finally, the experiments show that the index significantly outperforms the other algorithm under all conditions.


The jaws differ in various aspects from all other bones in the skeleton. Embryologically, they are for the major part derived from migrating cells of the cranial neural crest, the so‐called ectomesenchyme, and not merely from mesoderm, and they contain teeth. This latter point, especially, results in the presence of lesions that are not found in other bones, a broad variety of odontogenic cysts and tumours. They will be the major topic of this review. Other lesions, not strictly odontogenic but also mainly confined to the jaw bones, are giant cell lesions, fibro‐osseous lesions, and the melanotic neuro‐ectodermal tumour of infancy. They also will be included in this overview.


Breaking the Mold: Women, Men, and Time in the New Corporate World, Lotte Bailyn. New York: Free Press, 1993. 189 pp., $22.95., ISBN: 0-02-901281-3. The Dynamics of Service: Reflections on the Changing Nature of Customer/Provider Interactions, Barbara A. Gutek. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1995. 304 pp., $29.95, ISBN: 0-7879-0101-6.


The present invention relates to a method for processing an organic matter-containing starting material, wherein the starting material is placed in an autoclave and is treated under high pressure and temperature to obtain one or more waste streams, characterized in that the method comprises the comprising the steps of: i) introducing into a with a stirring apparatus provided with autoclave, to transmit the above-mentioned organic components containing starting material, ii) heating of said organic compounds in said autoclave containing starting material under the direction of the stirring apparatus with a roerdergetal in the range of 5-50 revolutions per minute, a temperature of at least 200 ° C, and a pressure of at least 20 bar, iii) maintaining the conditions set out in step ii) for a period of at least 0.1 hour, iv) from the above-mentioned autoclave, removing the thus-formed one or more waste streams.


Food safety is attracting more and more attention by sectors of various kinds. However, the contradiction faced by China is the continuous growing safety and quality agrifood market and export demand together with large volumes of distributed and un-organized small-scale rural household production. If we cannot effectively organize agrifood production of distributed rural households, provide technical guidance, and exercise supervision during the production process, it is obvious that it is difficult to supply safety and quality agrifood in large volumes, sustainably and steadily. In the first place, this study has put forward the fact that the rapid development of supermarket in China has created favorable and irreplaceable objective conditions for safety and quality agrifood production in China. The management and supervision costs over supermarket supply chain by the society and government departments are much lower than those in traditional country fairs and wholesale markets. We can adopt the model of "supermarket + leading enterprises (agrifood suppliers) + rural households," to guide thousands of small-scale rural households to access to supermarket supply chains so as to speed up the pace of the popularization of safety and quality agrifood.


Abstract

Modern software products shall be developed within a short time and at the same
time they should be of a high quality. Software engineering is able to fulfill
these requirements by prefabricating components. Within a domain, planned and
comprehensive reuse of components is supported by the concept of system family
development. A system family is based on a reference architecture made of
assets, which are common to all family members and assets, which are variable.
Commonalities and variabilities have to be considered in all phases of the
system family development and they have to be elaborated correctly. Mistakes
made in the requirements engineering phase, as the beginning of a development,
will cause the most damage to the overall development.

The analysis of the requirements engineering phase of system family development
in this paper shows, that most of the current scientific solutions in this field
are based on feature modeling, although it is inconsistent and cannot be
automatically processed. The proposed solution of this paper – Family-Oriented
Requirements Engineering (FORE) – extends feature modeling and integrates it
into a new data model, capable of holding all the information acquired within
the requirements engineering phase. Dependencies within feature models and
between features and further model elements can be modeled with the new FORE
Feature Constraint Language (FCL). FCL offers 30 predefined dependencies for
verifiable system family models. Extended feature models of FORE allow the
automated verification of a subset of features. Thus, only valid family members
can be derived of the system family. The development of a system family model as
well as the derivation of family members are supported by the FORE development
process. The FORE-process integrates current processes and the extended feature
modeling of FORE into a requirements engineering process for system families.
The proposed solution was prototypically realized by implementing the FORE-Data
Model as XML-Schema. The usage of the prototype is aimed at the FORE-Development
Process. FORE was tested within a University project as well as in several
student works with industry partners. The results of this paper have shown the
applicability of FORE, improved its process and data model and revealed its
limits.


With application of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication and many advanced information processing technologies, the cooperative vehicle infrastructure system promises to an effective optimization in safety and efficiency of road traffic systems, which has been an inevitable development trend of Intelligent Transportation System. In the cooperative systems, vehicle autonomous positioning plays an important fundamental role to realize the system demand-driven policies and functional implementations. In this paper, based on the introduction of cooperative vehicle infrastructure system and characteristics of vehicle positioning, requirements of vehicle autonomous positioning from the cooperative vehicle infrastructure system are summarized in different levels of performance, functionality and systematic architecture. With the presented technology status of vehicle autonomous positioning, research progress and main achievements of the vehicle autonomous positioning method for cooperative vehicle infrastructure system are reviewed with regard to the filter-based sensor information fusion, integrity enhancement and road map integration. On this basis, aiming to promote development of cooperative vehicle infrastructure systems, prospects on future development of research and exploration in the field of vehicle autonomous positioning are presented based on the constraints and limitations of existing methods and solutions, which indicate great importance to the developing strategies of intelligent transportation.


Objective To clone mouse FasL(mFasL) full length cDNA and construct eukaryotic expression vector,and to detect its expression in dendritic cells.Methods RT-PCR and TA cloning technique were used to clone the mFasL full length cDNA from mouse activated T lymphocytes,and then eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2EGFP containing mFasL cDNA was constructed.The positive recombinants pIRES2EGFP-mFasL were transfected into dendritic cells(DC),the expression of mFasL mRNA was detected by RT-PCR and the expression of mFasL protein was assayed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results The cloned full reading frame of mFasL cDNA was in coincidence with the sequence registered in GenBank.In the DC after transfection of pIRES2EGFP-mFasL,the expressions of mFasL mRNA and mFasL protein were detected.Conclusion The mFasL cDNA was cloned and constructed into the eukaryotic expression vector successfully,and mFasL gene could be expressed efficiently in DC transfected by pIRES2EGFP-mFasL.


Spagyric medicine is an alternative approach to modern medicine that is, at least on a theoretical–historical perspective, based on the ancient study of alchemy. Because of its roots in classical and mediaeval views of the world, spagyric medicine can be referred to as a genuine part of 'traditional occidental medicine'. To understand and determine the underlying principles of contemporary spagyric medicine it is indispensable to retrace these historical views that consisted of analogies, symbolism and holistic beliefs. They are embodied today by fifteen (pharmaceutical) companies in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. This dissertation combines research in the fields of Botany, the History of Pharmaceutics, Medicine and Sociology.


One-centre coulomb integrals (kk/lI) evaluated from analytical Hartree–Fock valence-state energies are shown to be more accurate than those evaluated from atomic spectral valence-state energies. The simple electrostatic method of Saturno is used to calculate (kk/lI) and is found to be of limited value for estimating coulomb integrals when k≠l, since it removes the angular dependence of the integrals.


Gifted and talented services have a long and tainted history. Since their inception, they have not served a student population that mirrored the racial, ethnic, or socioeconomic diversity of the nation as a whole. But this need not be the case. Contemporary approaches to gifted education can advance the goals of equity and school integration. In short, they can be a means through which schools serve a more diverse student population. This is possible by mandating access to gifted services in all schools, making sure all students are universally screened for eligibility, and using within-building comparisons to determine eligibility. Scott J. Peters, Matthew C. Makel, and James S. Carter III outline this perspective and explain why it would be effective at mitigating school segregation and popular among a broad range of constituencies.


Wounds are classified according to their bacterial load (National Academy of Sciences) as clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated and dirty. Clean wounds are those non-traumatic wounds created under aseptic conditions where respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts are not entered. Clean-contaminated wounds are those surgical wounds where there is a small slip in aseptic technique or in which the aforementioned tracts are entered. Contaminated wounds include all fresh open traumatic wounds without significant devitalised tissue. Dirty wounds include traumatic wounds where faecal contamination, devitalised tissue and foreign bodies are encountered. Traditionally, this allowed human clinicians to predict the likelihood of infection, although the relationship is less than clear in equine surgery, especially soft tissue surgery. Nonetheless, all open traumatic wounds run a significant risk of developing infection unless bacterial load and devitalised tissue can be minimised.


There is very little empirical analysis on the countries of the euro area, partly because of lack of data, partly because of lack of tradition. Many institutional changes have been put in place since the 1990s, the most important of which is the introduction of the euro 10 years ago. All the interesting questions are about the effects of these changes, but, as is well known, econometric analysis is hard when too much is going on. Boivin, Giannoni, and Mojon face the challenge nonetheless: their paper is one of the first attempts to dig out stylized facts about the monetary transmission mechanism in the euro area and its changes since the introduction of the single currency. The authors construct an impressive data set, including not only several keymacroeconomic variables for the large countries of the Eurozone but also more than 200 auxiliary variables that, although not the focus of the analysis, are supposed to help to extract the signal from the data. With these data, they estimate a factor model that they use to estimate the transmission mechanism of a common monetary policy shock and an oil shock throughout the economy. The analysis is conducted on a sample including pre–European Monetary Union (EMU) data (1987– 2006) and on the shorter EMU sample. The key empirical results indicate that, in the period including pre‐ EMU data, a monetary shock in Germany had a larger effect on the long‐term interest rate, consumption, and investment in Italy and Spain than in the other countries (the same heterogeneity results holdwhen conditioning on the oil shock). Moreover, conditionally on the same shocks, the real exchange rate appreciated in core countries such as Germany and France and depreciated in Italy and Spain, whereas consumption


The Eugene Island Block 330 field consists of two anticlinal rollovers in the hanging wall of a listric normal fault system that detaches along a deep salt weld. We use interpretation of well and 3D seismic data, 3D structural restoration, and fault analysis techniques to investigate the evolution of the three-dimensional geometry through time and its impact on hydrocarbon migration and entrapment. The master fault that currently forms the northeastern boundary of the field originated as two distinct, overlapping fault segments separated by a relay ramp. The segments linked by breaching of the ramp prior to 2.2 Ma. The resultant footwall splay continued to accommodate a significant proportion of the net slip, but became essentially inactive by 1.5 Ma. In the hanging wall of the master fault, interaction between two synthetic splays and an antithetic fault resulted in a similar, complex history of varying displacement distribution. Analysis of evolving hanging and footwall cutoff geometries on the various faults suggests that cross-fault hydrocarbon migration at sand-on-sand contacts may have contributed to reservoir filling. This scenario requires that Lentic (>2.2 Ma) sands in the footwall were connected to deeper hydrocarbon sources, which cannot be demonstrated and may be problematic because of themore » discontinuous nature of these sands. Moreover, the present distribution of hydrocarbons and the sealing nature of faults at some sand-on-sand contacts imply that another mechanism, such as episodic vertical migration along fault zone is required to introduce hydrocarbons into the shallow reservoirs.« less


The numerical model for description of interaction of ionizing and UV laser radiation with CaF2 is submitted. Is shown, that the appearance of short-lived electronic excitations in a crystal strongly affects on nonlinear absorption of laser radiation at pulse duration more than 0.1 ns. The consequences of this absorption for structure of crystal are analyzed.


The article discusses the actuality of the public sphere in Jurgen Habermas. Discuss the dialogue between Habermas and the concept of cultural industry, criticizes this concept considering the possibilities of the use of information and communication technologies, and analyzes prospects and challenges of the constitution of a contemporary public sphere based on socio-technical networks.


The mineralization potential of sparsely water-soluble polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within a highly diesel-contaminated water table fluctuation zone (WTFZ) was investigated using core-scale column microcosms. Experimental conditions mimicked overall seasonal changes in water and oxygen content at the site. During the first aerobic winter, PAH mineralization rates in the freshly contaminated soil were fastest for contaminant [{sup 14}C]-naphthalene which was the least hydrophobic and most water-soluble. Lowering the water table nearly doubled the mineralization rates of all [{sup 14}C]PAHs studied. During the oxygen-poor summer, all mineralization rates were insignificant and failed to respond to water table changes. Neither a return to water-saturated aerobic (winter) conditions nor lowering the water table under aerobic conditions induced detectable mineralization of [{sup 14}C]-naphthalene, but lowering the water table did markedly hasten the still slow mineralization of [{sup 14}C]phenanthrene and [{sup 14}C]anthracene. The time-dependent mineralization behavior and its response to water table fluctuations were explicable in terms of microbial responses to the changing oxygen content and depleting mineral nutrients.


Basic hematological information about rhinoceros species is limited. In this study, we have determined the platelet counts and described the platelet morphology of free‐living white (Ceratotherium simum) and black (Diceros bicornis) rhinoceros using light and electron microscopy. The platelet counts of the two species were similar, but there were significant differences in platelet size as well as morphology between the species. The presence of large, nondiscoid platelet forms, resembling proplatelet or stress platelet forms, were observed in both, although not as often in the white rhinoceros as in the black rhinoceros. J. Morphol. 239:245–253, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


It has been frequently argued that the addition of haptic sensing to tele-operated surgical robots would benefit surgeon performance. Conventional haptic sensing technologies are impractical for application to minimally invasive surgery, due to size, sterilization robustness and cost vs. tool disposability. In this work we validate the concept of remote force measurement, where force interactions at the tip of a surgical tool are observed via simple torque sensors near the tool's actuators. This method provides reusable sensors located outside of the human body and so sidesteps many key issues that have limited practical haptic sensing in this scenario. Though such methods have been proposed and criticized by several groups in the past, we have been unable to locate quantitative results in the literature. Here, we provide initial remote force interaction measurements on a da Vinci EndoWrist needle driver tool. The measurements were obtained via simple custom torque sensors which easily attach to any EndoWrist tool. The complex cable-pulley transmission of the tool introduces expected nonlinearities over distal measurements. These effects are more pronounced in flexion than abduction DOFs. Despite these effects, the unprocessed torque data identifies contact with synthetic soft tissue at various actuator velocities and during external shaft loading.


Objective:To investigate the quality of life and influencing factors for cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy.Method:Investigating quality of life questionnaire score(FACT-Cx) of 150 cases of cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy and influencing factors by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Result:For the different ages and tumor stage of the FACT-Cx score,the difference was not statistically significant(P0.05).However,contrasted the FACT-Cx score of the Marital status,income level,different treatment methods,with or without health insurance,education level,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Marital status,income level,different treatment methods,with or without health insurance,education level affected the quality of life in cervical cancer patients after radiotherapy.It should take positive measures to address the impact of interventions to improve patient quality of life.


The utility model relates to a back-lying side-lying health-care pillow, comprising a one-man back-lying side-lying health-care pillow and a double-man back-lying side-lying health-care pillow. The one-man back-lying side-lying health-care pillow and a double-man back-lying side-lying health-care pillow comprise: pillow cores, core housings and pillow housings. The core housing is a hexahedral partial bag sewed by a cloth. The pillow housing is an outer housing sewed according to the shape of composed long, short core housings. The pillow core is arranged in the core housing and the core housing is arranged in the pillow housing. The pillow core comprises a cotton, a down feather, a medicine, a plant and a magnetic material. The pillow protects the brain and neck when back lying and side lying, prevents the cervical spondylosis brought by the flat pillow, induces the sleep and eases the mind, smoothes the blood, keeps a cool head and exuberant energy in the daytime. The pillow has other features of not deformation, easy process, beautiful and elegant appearance, firmness and durability.


Improving mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds as biomaterial has been focus in field of biomedical application.Calcium phosphate ceramic fiber (CPCF) with perfectible bioactivity and compatibility has widely demands on the kingdom of reinforcing biomaterials.Firstly,the primary slurry was prepared for producing CPCF by using sol-gel system in this study.In advance,silk fiber was treated for making little crack on its surface and reinforcing (adsorption) of the slurry according to the physical and chemical properties of silk proteins, the relative matching mode (between) the component of ceramic slurry and the chemical properties of silk was analyzed. Hydroxyapatite (HA) powders has been arranged on axis of silk as oriented usher with compactness and sequence. The sintering process for crystallization of original ceramic fibrous model was made and finally the bioactive CPCF was prepared.


The paper demonstrates the generation of multistage quantum-cascade lasers (QCL) in the 7-8 μm spectral range in the pulse generation mode. The active region structure we used is based on a two-phonon resonance scheme. The QCL heterostructure based on a heteropair of In0.53Ga0.47As/Al0.48In0.52As solid alloys was grown by molecular beam epitaxy and includes 50 identical stages. A waveguide geometry with top cladding with full top metallization (surface- plasmon quantum-cascade lasers) has been used. The developed QCLs have demonstrated multimodal generation in the 7-8 μm spectral range in the pulse mode in the 78-250 K temperature range. The threshold current density for a 1.6 mm long laser and a 20 μm ridge width amounted to ˜ 2.8 kA/cm2 at a temperature of 78 К. A temperature increase to 250 K causes a long-wave shift of the wavelength from 7.6 to 7.9 μm and a jth increase to 5.0 kA/cm2.


A saturation allowed output-based event-triggered control for consensus of multi-agent systems (MAS for short) design method is proposed in this paper for the linear systems subject to input saturation. We introduced the saturation allowed controller design method into the multi-agent schemes, in which an event-triggered mechanism are designed. The multi-agent controllers are not activated until the response of the system exceeds some pre-defined event-triggered limitation, rather than periodically sampling as feedback. Also, the output feedback scheme is introduced into the event-triggered MAS mechanism. In this case, the output feedback of the plant is activated when it really need to, and then the saturation allowed method is then employed to deal with the saturation nonlinearity. In this proposed scheme, since the saturation is allowed and no hard constraint is needed to imposed on the controller input, we can makes fuller utilization of the available actuator capacity. The proposed saturated output-based event-triggered control scheme provides the system stability and guaranteed event-triggered condition for consensus of multi-agent systems. Also, results are provided for minimizing the frequency of the event-triggered actions.


The earthen site is one of the cultural heritages of all human beings,and the protection is important and urgent.At present,the protection of the the earthen site has great achievements,but the consolidation materials are numerous and deferent materials have advantages and disadvantages.In order to find an ideal foundation material and speed up the protection steps,reinforcement materials commonly used such as soduim silicate,acrylic resin,and the organic siliconresin are analysed effectively from the physical property,it was found that and the silicone-acrylic emulsion has good property.At last,in order to go a step further to appraise the consolidation effect,the non-confining compression strength test,water resistance test,and salt resistance test of the earthen site of Ming dynasty great wall in Yulin were conducted,and the test result indicates the silicone-acrylic emulsion has good effects in the earthen site consolidation,which provides the reference for the implement of the earthen site protection and consolidation.


A series of new α-substituted acrolein dimethylhydrazones containing an acetal group were synthesized. These hydrazones react with acrylonitrile or methyl acrylate according to the Diels—Alder reaction pattern to give substituted tetrahydropyridines. An unusual [2+4]- and [2+3]-cycloaddition cascade reaction involving α-diethoxymethylacrolein dimethylhydrazone was discovered.


SUBTITLE: ON 10 NOVEMBER, IN FRONT OF GUESTS FROM AROUND THE WORLD, IPTN PROUDLY DISPLAYED ITS N250 PROTOTYPE FOR THE FIRST TIME.


0^ Agricultural Chemicals Although agricultural chemicals improve crop yields, increase the quality of the American diet, and contribute to improvements in public health, there is growing public concern about their human health effects. Agricultural chemicals are usually mixtures of chemicals, some of which can damage the environment and accumulate in ecosystems. Depending on dose, some agricultural Q chemicals can cause a range of adverse effects on human health including cancer, acute and chronic injury to the nervous system, lung damage, reproductive dysfunction, and possibly dysfunction of the endocrine and immune systems. There are many gaps in information about the mechanisms of toxic action, human exposures, and the nature and extent of human health effects of agricultural chemicals. Very few older pesticides, in particular, have been tested for human health effects. NIEHS has long supported activities on the impact of agricultural chemicals on human health. From this experience and several > recent conferences, NIEHS has identified some new initiatives and additions to current efforts that could significantly improve our knowledge about adverse health effects of agricultural chemicals, especially in susceptible populations. To establish valid and accurate risk assessments, sound information on how agricultural chemicals are involved in toxicity and their mechanisms ofaction must be generated. This information must indude data on exposure assessment, tumor promotion, chronic and acute neuro-toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. New research and development efforts ofNIEHS will concentrate on: * Epidemiology studies of chronic or low-level exposures to agricultural chemicals, especially in the susceptible populations of * _ women, children, the elderly, and migrant workers. * Epidemiology studies ofdelayed neuro-and immunotoxicity ofagricultural chemicals in susceptible populations. * Identification of more biochemically and pathophysiologically specific biomarkers ofexposure and effects of agricultural chemicals (e.g., use ofnew cellular biochemistry to find biomarkers of effects on cell function). * Studies of both cancer and noncancer endpoints of agricultural chemical exposures including tumor promotion, chronic and acute neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. r_ * Studies investigating the mechanisms of action of these chemicals as a way to better understand the effects ofagricultural chemicals in previously exposed individuals and as a means to develop prevention and/or intervention strategies. * Development ofmethods to study ecological effects ofagricultural chemicals as an indicator ofpotential human health hazards. A number of animal and clinical trials have demonstrated the relative sensitivity of pregnant women and their fetuses to the neurotoxic and reproductive and developmental toxicity …


The formation of liquid-phase oxidation products in n-heptane and n- nonane at -80 to 130 deg C, irradiated with doses of 1 x 10/sup 14/ to 8 x 10/sup 15/ ev/cm/sup 3/ sec. was studied in order to determine the dependence of oxidation on temperature and radiation intensity. (R.V.J.)


This paper presents the results of the experimental data and simulation on the performance of hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) and also normal reinforced concrete (NRC) subjected to air blast loading. HSFRC concrete mix consists of a combination of 70% long steel hook end fibre and also 30% of short steel hook end fibre with a volume fraction of 1.5% mix. A total of six concrete panels were subjected to air blast using plastic explosive (PE4) weighing 1 kg each at standoff distance of 0.3 meter. The parameters measured are mode of failure under static and blast loading and also peak overpressure that resulted from detonation using high speed data acquisition system. In addition to this simulation work using AUTODYN was carried out and validated using experimental data. The experimental results indicate that hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete panel (HSFRC) possesses excellent resistance to air blast loading as compared to normal reinforced concrete (NRC) panel. The simulation results were also found to be close with experimental data. Therefore the results have been validated using experimental data.


Example is better than precept (身教胜于言传 Shēnjiào zhòngyú yānjiào) Old Chinese proverb Diophantos would use the rhetorical algebra, the Chinese Nine Chapters on Arithmetic would manipulate matrices, and the Liber abbaci would find the answer by means of proportions We should hence not ask, as commonly done, whether Diophantos (or the Greek arithmetical environment) was the source of the Chinese or vice versa. There was no specific source: The ground was everywhere wet.


Peripheral vascular access and venipuncture are major causes of distress and anxiety for children and their parents. This is especially difficult for patients with hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia major and sickle cell disease) who require chronic blood transfusions. These patients require peripheral venous access for regular blood transfusions and (in the case of sickle cell disease) for automated red cell exchange procedures. Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheters are much preferred to central venous lines as they carry far fewer risks. However, when patients experience multiple unsuccessful attempts to initiate a PIV, it can be traumatizing and cause anxiety for future visits. Establishing therapeutic trust and ensuring a smooth experience are of paramount importance for these chronic patients who require regular blood transfusions.


Microbial contaminants of the indoor environment of two clinical microbiology laboratories of a private (Lab A) and a government (Lab B) owned hospitals in Zaria were investigated within the dry season: January and March, and wet season: July and September in the year 2007. The highest and lowest bacterial concentration were obtained in the 4 th week 16.0x10 3 cfu/ml in lab A and 0.09 x 10 3 cfu/ml in the 1 st week of sampling in wet season in the same laboratory. The fungal count was highest in Lab B: 4.0x10 3 cfu/ml and lowest: 0.09x10 3 cfu/ml in the fifth week of sampling in dry season. The bacterial mean concentration was highest in Lab B: 7.70 x 10 3 cfu/ml in dry season and lowest in wet season in lab A: 2.61 x10 3 cfu/ml. The fungal mean concentration in Lab A was the highest while the lowest was found in Lab B: 1.06x10 3 cfu/ml. there was a significant correlation between fungal counts in Lab A's dry and wet season at 0.05 using pearson correlation (2-tailed) and also between fungal counts in wet season of lab B. However, no significant correlation in bacterial counts.The level of microbial concentration in this study is moderate but can be potentially allergic or infectious. This is a further justification for safety practices in clinical laboratories


Introduction 942A. The Professional License as a Property Right 942B. The Expanding Power of the State to Revoke Professional Licenses 943I. Background 949A. Existing State Laws Revoking Professional Licenses and the IStandard of Review Used to Evaluate Them 949B. Reaction to Massachusetts Health Care Reform and Theoretical Implications on a National Scale 951C. Efforts to Innovate Medical Care Delivery in the Face of Constricting Insurance Networks 956n. Developing a Standard for Substantive Due Process Evaluation of Professional License Revocation Actions 959A. Revisiting the Argument for Strict Review of Economic Substantive Due Process and a Fundamental Right to Livelihood 959B. Scope of the Physician 's Legal Duty of Care and Why a Law Structured like Massachusetts Bills H. 4452 and S. 2170 Should Fail Rational Basis Review 964EL A Further Complication: State Constitutionalism and Theoretical Policy Implications for Nationwide Medical Care Delivery 970IV. Policy Options: How We Might Move Forward 973Conclusion 976IntroductionA. The Professional License as a Property RightThe English language defines a license as: "permission to act."1 By its legal definition, a license is "[t]he certificate or document evidencing such permission."2 The grant of a license is considered to be a vested property interest of the individual, which is protected by due process:The kind of property interests that due process encompasses extends beyond the actual ownership of real estate, chattels, or money to include legitimate claims of entitlement to governmental benefits. . . . "Much of the existing wealth in this country takes the form of rights that do not fall within traditional common-law concepts of property. It has been aptly noted that '[s]ociety today is built around entitlement. The automobile dealer has his franchise, the doctor and lawyer their professional licenses, the worker his union membership, contract, and pension rights, the executive his contract and stock options; all are devices to aid security and independence.'"3Because licenses are property rights,4 the U.S. Supreme Court has thus recognized that due process protection applies to license revocation actions by the state.5In the American federalist system the authority to issue most licenses lies at the state level,6 within the purview of each state's police power.7 The U.S. Supreme Court has outlined the parameters of the state's police power regarding licensing broadly: "States have a compelling interest in the practice of professions within their boundaries, and ... as part of their power to protect the public health, safety, and other valid interests they have broad power to establish standards for licensing practitioners and regulating the practice of professions."8 This broadness is cited frequently in court decisions that affirm the validity of state regulation of licensees' operations.9B. The Expanding Power of the State to Revoke Professional LicensesWhat is increasingly common in state regulation of professional licenses is the state actions revoking those licenses as a method of keeping the citizenry in check.10 As the complexities of an increasingly technological and mobile society have changed the way that people interact with each other, the application of legal duties that accompany certain of those interactions has also evolved. Modem American society is progressively more mobile, and thus more competitive within a larger pool of the population, with its citizens frequently commuting farther for employment* 11 or developing specific expertise that narrows their professional options and aspirations for the sake of marketing specialized skills. …


This paper focuses on creating an intelligent, scalable system that vastly improves the speed and efficiency of looking up medical data. The system automatically and meaningfully organizes the distributed medical data to allow fastest access. Additionally, this research seeks to further improve on the concept of a distributed database service by introducing caching across servers as a means to optimize data retrieval time. Instead of looking to many individual sources, researchers would be able to access data from a single source, which is optimized on a per-region basis to ensure the shortest access times.


: Quantum superposition is the cornerstone of quantum mechanics, where interference fringes originate in the self-interference of a single photon via indistinguishable photon characteristics. Wheeler's delayed-choice experiments have been extensively demonstrated over the last decades to understand the complementarity theory of quantum mechanics for the wave-particle duality. The heart of the delayed-choice experiments is in the mutually exclusive quantum feature violating the cause-effect relation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the violation of the cause-effect relation using coherent photons for the quantum eraser. Unlike most delayed-choice schemes using undetermined photons in MZI, the present scheme is for the determined photon for the MZI via post-measurement controls. The observed quantum eraser is coherently interpreted to seek the origin of the cause-effect violation.


Within the development studies framework, empowerment involves increasing individual agency vis-à-vis the formal and informal opportunity structure. The Open Society Foundation's Early Childhood Programme developed the Getting Ready for School programme specifically for parents of preschool-age children to use at home in the year before school to build early math and literacy skills in their children. In Tajikistan, parents met on a regular basis with teachers in their local schools to learn activities to use with their children at home. Focus group reports indicated that parents gained knowledge and self-confidence as a result of programme participation, considered foundational aspects of the empowerment process. Responses also demonstrated that parents displayed characteristics of empowerment as they used programme activities and skills not only with their six-year-old child, but with siblings, extended family members and community children. They also shared the skills they learned with family members and neighbours.


Abstract
Background: Cardiac surgery is associated with perioperative bleeding and a significant consumption of allogenic blood products. Minimizing blood loss and transfusion requirements is of vital importance to


SVG can be an easy and effective solution in the historical earthquake data investigation when it comes to a very specific need not achievable using general purpose software. With a basic knowledge of web languages (HTML, Javascript and PHP) and commonly available server side software (Apache and not spatially-aware MySql) we succeded creating an interactive web-mapping tool for macroseismic data and a time-saver gazetteer management tool.


Over the past few decades, evidence has emerged that has indicated environmental pollutants can interfere with the endocrine systems of wildlife and humans. These substances are called Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and can cause adverse effects on the reproductive biology in vertebrates, including humans, via ingestion and enrichment of the food chain. These compounds may mimic or antagonise the effects of naturally occurring sexual steroids or other natural hormones by binding to their corresponding receptors or affecting their circulating levels. In general, there are various principle actions of EDCs which may have a marked impact on reproductive biology via (anti)estrogenic and (anti)androgenic effects. Estrogenic compounds lead to feminisation, antiestrogenic substances neutralise sexual differentiation, androgenic agents cause masculinisation, while anti-androgenic compounds have feminising effects. Starting from this knowledge, EASYRING aimed to improve the information relating to the environmental levels of some known EDCs and their biological effects on reproduction as measured with traditional and newly developed innovative tools to aquatic species and for mammalian risk assessment.


Is there a successful regress argument against intellectualism? In this article I defend the negative answer. I begin by defending Stanley and Williamson's (2001) critique of the contemplation regress against Noe (2005). I then identify a new argument - the employment regress - that is designed to succeed where the contemplation regress fails, and which I take to be the most basic and plausible form of a regress argument against intellectualism. However, I argue that the employment regress still fails. Drawing on the previous discussion, I criticise further regress arguments given by Hetherington (2006) and Noe (2005).


In vivo experimental results of hydroxyapatite coated real dental prostheses in unloaded conditions are presented. Implants were covered by method of laser ablation. Coated and reference prostheses were implanted into jaw of minipigs. Osseointegration and quality of new bone formation were studied.


To search for further evidence of H2 line emission towards the central engines of Herbig-Haro (HH) flows we have obtained near-infrared Fabry-Perot images of eight Class I outflow sources (SVS 13 [HH 7-11], L 1551IRS5, HH 26-IRS, HH 72-IRS, SSV 63E [HH 24C], SSV 63W [HH 24J], HH 34-IRS and HH 111-IRS) and two Class 0 sources (HH 24-MMS and HH 25-MMS). Elongated H2 emission (on scales of a few arcseconds) is detected from four of the Class I YSOs. These small-scale "jets" are associated with the base of more extended, parsec-scale HH outflows (and the "Molecular Hydrogen Emission Line" regions, or MHELs, discussed in Davis et al. 2001). In L 1551-IRS 5 we detect two jet components in H2; these may be the molecular counterparts of the two known optical jets from this binary protostellar system, or they may represent H2 excitation along the walls of a narrow, edge-brightened cavity. In addition to the small-scale MHEL jets, analysis of the data also suggests the presence of discrete molecular shock fronts formed along the jet axes close to the energy sources. In the most clear-cut example, SVS 13, we see an H2 knot at a distance of about 440 AU from the outflow source; assuming a flow velocity of ∼200 km s−1, then the dynamical age of this molecular feature is only 10 yrs. In these data we also see evidence for both collimated jets and wide-angled winds from the same sources. Indeed, even in one of the two Class 0 sources, HH 25MMS, a poorly-collimated flow component seems to be present. A two-component wind model may therefore be appropriate for outflows from Class I (and possibly even Class 0) protostars.


Nowadays, the cement industry faces enormous challenges: the high dependence on fossil fuels for its production processes, the reduction of natural raw material sources, the increased demand, and the growing concern about environmental aspects. Reports from the International Energy Agency (IEA) point out that for every ton of Portland cement produced a similar amount of CO2 is released into the atmosphere, which is approximately 6% of the anthropogenic emissions. In response, some modifications have been made in cement manufacturing for better energy use in production plants, looking for more durable and efficient solutions. The incorporation of nanoadditives is also proposed for the generation of low energy cost and high performance belite cements. Their advantages are the result of the convergence of multiple aspects based on the modification of the chemistry and microstructure of the composite materials.


In this paper, a convex lens is inserted in the Z cavity, which is used to compensate for the thermal lens effect in gain medium. The experiments verify its feasibility. The maximum output power is 1.14 W, and the slope efficiency is 9 95%.


A major task in proteomics is to identify proteins from a biological sample using twodimensional (2-D) separation prior to mass spectrometry of peptides generated via proteolytic digestion of the proteins. For 2-D separations, microfluidic devices are superior to bench top and capillary-based systems since they potentially provide higher separation efficiencies due to the minimal dead volumes produced during peak transfer between the two separation dimensions. In addition, fast separations can be envisioned because the column lengths are typically shorter in microfluidic platforms without scarifying peak capacity. High-throughput capabilities are extremely desirable for many types of bio-analytical analyses, such as understanding molecular interactions and the role they play in cellular functioning and drug discovery. Polymeric microchips possess a variety of physiochemical properties to match the intended application and their ease of fabrication increases the accessibility of technology to a large research base. In this dissertation, a comprehensive 2-D separation platform for proteins using a polymeric microchip with the ability to perform high performance separations within a few minutes was established. The system combined sodium dodecyl sulfate micro-capillary gel electrophoresis (SDS μ-CGE) with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) in a poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, microchip and was reported with a programmed pulse injection/separation protocol with laser-induced fluorescence for detection. A novel sixteenchannel polycarbonate (PC) microfluidic device for high-throughput separations of proteins was also presented using a process to pattern gold features as microelectrode array for sixteen parallel channels on microchips. The system was able to simultaneously analyze sixteen different samples in parallel consisting of native proteins, amino acids, peptides, and oligonucleotides with conductivity. Finally, due to the diverse nature of polymer properties and the large number of potential applications for microfluidic chips, the physiochemical properties of various polymers were investigated to guide researchers in selecting the best material for a given application including protein analysis.


Field populations of the serpulid polychaete Hydroides elegans occur in dense aggregations Preliminary laboratory assays showed that planktonic larvae H. elegans from Hong Kong waters did not settle and metamorphose without proper chemical cues and could remain planktonic up to 14 d In laboratory culture. Adult H. elegans capture conspecific larvae with feeding tentacles but cannot readily consume older, competent larvae. Contact between adult feeding tentacles and larvae may increase larval exposure to adult associated inductive con~pounds. In thls study, we tested the effects of homogenates of adult worms and their tubes, as well as a variety of artificial inducers, on settlement and metamorphos~s of H. elegans larvae. Conspecific adult homogenates Induced 39 and 82 "A of larvae to settle and metamorphose w~th in a period of 2 and 4 d, respectively. Homogenates of the adult tube alone did not induce settlement, indicating that the Inducer originates from the worm. Extraction and assays on crushed adult homogenates revealed that the induct~ve compounds from adults are smaller than 10000 daltons and can be bound to amberlite XAD-7. Further isolation and identificatlon of the conspeciflc associated inducer will enable studies of chemoreceptors and signaling pathways involved in metamorphosis. Additionally, among 5 artificial inducers tested, isobutyl methylxanthine (IBMX) induced a high percentage of normal metamorphosis while gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), choline chloride, dihydroxyphenyl L-alanine (L-DOPA), and potassium chloride evoked a low percentage of settlement, but abnormal metamorphosis. Ammonia had no effect on the metamorphosis of H. elegans.


ABSTRACT: Chepil, Woodrufi and Siddoway, developers of the wind erosion equation (WQ), suggest that the wind erodible fraction of any soil can be determined by dry sieving a sample of the surface soil. The data base of soil information for the wind erosion equation was primarily from the Central Great Plains. As other areas used the WQ, questions about the erodible fraction based on soil texture alone began to surface. To test soils outside the Great Plains, more than 3,000 samples have been sieved to identify the relationships between the erodible fraction of soils and the physical and chemical properties of the soil. From these results, the erodible fraction was computed from the percentage of sand, percentage of silt, sand/clay ratio, organic carbon, and calcium carbonate. A correlation coefficient of 0.82 was obtained between computed erodible fraction using soil physical and chemical properties with average measured erodible fraction from standard compact rotary sieving from sites with at least 20 samples. The erodible fraction of dryland soils was reduced an average of 14% and of irrigated soils 24% with moldboard plowing


In this paper, the principle of extension evaluation is intruduced detailedly, the extension evaluation index system of flexible materials processing is established with the extenics theory and stratification analysis method. Based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and extenics superiority evaluation, method of analyzing and computing is proposed to deal with the problems of the fuzzy neural network. And then real number quantificational appraisal is realized by utilizing associated function and normative regular degree. Finally, one example based on the fuzzy neural network is applied to introduce the analysis process of superiority evaluation method and to prove the accuracy of appraisal's veracity. This method is reasonable and feasible, and has good application prospects. KeywordsMatter-Element Model; the Priority Degree Evaluation; Fuzzy Neural Network


The scattering of isovector photons on spin-312 targets is studied in detail up to second otder in the frequency of the incident photon. Using Singh's lemma, new second order low-energy theorems related to isospin-symmetric amplitudes are obtained. O espalhamento de fotons isovetoriais em alvos de spin-312 e estudado em detalhe ate segunda ordem na frequencia do foton incidente. Usando o lema de Singh, sao obtidos novos teoremas de segunda ordem relacionados com amplitudes isospin-simetricas. Exact low-energy results for the Compton scattering on hadrons have been obtained by various authorsl-' using the technique invented by Low l . If the relevant amplitudes satisfy unsubtracted dispersion relations, these theorems give rise to sum rules s which upon saturation with lowlying bound states and resonances can be of help in understanding dynamical symmetry properties 9 and also they can give useful relations between coupling constants. In this paper, we study the Compton scattering of isovector photons on spin-312 targets in detail up to second order in the frequency of the incident photon. The method of derivation goes back to the pioneer work of Lowl on physical photon scattering on spin-1/2 systems. Beg 2 considered the case in which the photons also carry a "charge" label and thus are associated with isovector currents of an octet satisfying current commutation relations (non-Abelian). He showed, in particular, that the well known Cabibbo-Radicati sum rule 8 follows from the obtained low-energy theorems. Further work on theorems gf order 0' in the frequency of the incident photon was done by Singh 3 who proposed a lemma giving the excited


Mutations often have different effects in genetically distinct individuals. Epistasis between mutations and segregating loci is known to be a major contributor to these background effects, but the architecture of these genetic interactions remains largely unknown. Here, we characterize how segregating loci in a cross of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains impact growth following the deletion of the histone deacetylase HOS3. The functions of HOS3 are not well understood and historically its deletion has shown little effect on reference strains. However, we map two loci that genetically interact with HOS3 and each other to produce a broad range of responses to the deletion, including near inviability. Although these interactions explain nearly all of the deletion9s expressivity, their penetrance depends on a liability threshold involving at least 11 additional nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Multiple lines of evidence imply the deletion uncovers genetically complex changes in translation and genome stability in the mitochondria, suggesting a novel connection between Hos3-mediated deacetylation and the mitochondria. These results provide a valuable example of the complicated and unexpected mechanisms that can cause background effects in genetically diverse populations, and show how characterization of background effects can provide new insights into gene function.


Increases in average density have been observed during lower‐hybrid current‐drive experiments (LHCD) on the Versator II tokamak [Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 152 (1982)], and on other LHCD experiments where inductive‐Ohmic and lower‐hybrid current drive are combined. In the present experiment it is found that this density increase is the result of an improvement in global particle confinement time τp in comparison to purely Ohmic discharges with similar plasma parameters. Furthermore, it is found that the improved confinement deteriorates when the anomalous Doppler relaxation instability of the anisotropic high‐energy electron tail becomes unstable during LHCD, and the loss rate of tail electrons increases. However, energetic electron losses alone are at least an order of magnitude too small to explain this deterioration in particle confinement.


The effect of cracks on the moisture and heat transport and storage properties, basic physical properties and compressive strength of six different types of high performance concrete is analyzed in the paper. The cracks in the material specimens are randomly distributed, imposed by thermal treatment. Experimental results show that the presence of cracks affects all hygric and thermal parameters except for the specific heat capacity in quite a significant way. Also, the effects of microsilica addition and of the size and presence of aggregates are important. The liquid water transport is influenced by cracks, microsilica and aggregates in the most remarkable way, together with the compressive strength. Water vapor transport parameters, water sorption parameters, thermal conductivity and open porosity are also subject of significant changes and can indicate the damage induced by cracks with a sufficient sensitivity.


Temporal fluctuations in the phase of waves transmitted through a dynamic, strongly scattering, mesoscopic sample are investigated using ultrasonic waves, and compared with theoretical predictions based on circular Gaussian statistics. The fundamental role of phase in diffusing acoustic wave spectroscopy is revealed, and phase statistics are also shown to provide a sensitive and accurate way to probe scatterer motions at both short and long time scales.


In this paper, we present a data-driven chunking parser for automatic interpretation of spoken route directions into a route graph that is useful for robot navigation. Different sets of features an ...


Keyword search, the major means for Internet search engines, has recently been explored in structured and semi-structured data. What is yet to be explored thoroughly is how optional and negative keywords can be expressed, what the results should be and how such search queries can be evaluated efficiently. In this paper, we formally define a new type of keyword search query, ROU-query, which takes as input keywords in three categories: required, optional and unwanted, and returns as output sets of nodes in the data graph whose neighborhood satisfies the keyword requirements. We define multiple semantics, including maximal coverage and minimal footprint, to ensure the meaningfulness of results. We propose query induced partite graph (QuIP), that can capture the constraints on neighborhood size and unwanted keywords, and propose a family of algorithms for evaluation of ROU-queries. We conducted extensive experimental evaluations to show our approaches are able to generate results for ROU-queries efficiently.


Using the coupled-mode method, the effects of propagation of laser radiation in a coupler of two parallel waveguide arrays are studied. It is shown that due to the composite spatial structures of each of the subsystems, the structure of the spatial distribution of radiation intensity in the subsystems is substantially complicated in the investigating system.


Noticing the unsatisfactory stability of conventional electric brush plating bath operating with undissolvable graphite anode,a detailed comparative analysis was performed with respect to the characteristics of a newly developed self-replenishing bright nickel brush-plating solution and three other conventional nickel brush-plating solutions(pre-plating nickel,conventional brush-plating nickel,and Watts nickel).It was found that the newly developed self-replenishing bright nickel brush-plating solution was superior to the three conventional nickel brush-plating solutions in that the Ni~(2+)depleted during the plating process could be replenished from the dissolution of the activated nickel anode.At the same time,the newly developed self-replenishing bright nickel brush-plating solution had better depositing performance than the three conventional nickel brush-plating electrolytes.Namely,it was characterized by fast deposition speed,good deposition capability,easy operation,low cost, and high hardness of the deposited coating,and could be readily used to prepare thick antiwear coating.More interestingly,the newly developed self-replenishing bright nickel brush-plating process had been successfully applied in the surface modification of an ultrasonic aerodynamic designing equipment,indicating that it could have promising application as a replacement of conventional nickel brush-plating process in the maintenance of equipments and functional surface modification.


In this manuscript we summarize the role of chronic stress as a potential trigger factor for Parkinson's disease. Underlying mechanisms and stress-induced changes to the neuronal networks have been highlighted. Examples of stress induced reversible symptoms that resemble parkinsonism in humans and in animal models raise the question whether emotional stress can cause striatal degeneration in susceptible patients. A Pubmed literature review searching for the terms 'Stress', 'Distress and Parkinson's disease', 'Emotional Distress and Parkinson's disease', 'Stress and Parkinson's disease', 'Prodromal Parkinson's disease', 'Non motor symptoms and Parkinson's disease', 'Paradoxical kinesia', 'Psychogenic parkinsonism', 'Functional somatic syndromes', 'Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'Irritable bowel syndrome', 'Fibromyalgia', 'Dopamine and fibromyalgia', 'Dopamine and chronic fatigue syndrome' and 'Dopamine and irritable bowel syndrome' was carried out until April 2013. Articles were also identified through searches of the authors' own files. Only papers published in English were reviewed. The final reference list was generated on the basis of originality and relevance to the broad scope of this viewpoint.


An efficient algorithm for locating conical intersections of three states of the same symmetry is presented. The algorithm, which derives its efficiency from the use of analytic gradient techniques, is used to locate a three state intersection for the excited 3p Rydberg states of the ethyl radical. The existence of a seam of three state conical intersections in a 3p Rydberg manifold is expected to be a general occurrence.


We systematically investigate properties of various triangle centers (such as orthocenter or incenter) located on the four faces of a tetrahedron. For each of six types of tetrahedra, we examine over 100 centers located on the four faces of the tetrahedron. Using a computer, we determine when any of 16 conditions occur (such as the four centers being coplanar). A typical result is: The lines from each vertex of a circumscriptible tetrahedron to the Gergonne points of the opposite face are concurrent.


The technologies and equipments of the dynamic extrusion,dynamic injection and dynamic mixing implemented by the application of vibration to the polymer processings were introduced.The mechanisms of the dynamic solid conveying,dynamic melting and dynamic melt conveying of the dynamic extrusion were elaborated.The effects of the pulsating pressure on the injection process and the principles of enhanced mixing during dynamic mixing were analyzed.Testing results of the performances of the products manufactured by the above dynamic processing technologies were also presented.The research results indicate that the introduction of vibration force field can shorten the processing efficiently and reduce energy consumption,while keeping the same output and guaranteeing or even improving the integrated properties of products.