Information theory, the mathematical theory of communication in the presence of noise, is playing an increasingly important role in modern quantitative neuroscience. It makes it possible to treat neural systems as stochastic communication channels and gain valuable, quantitative insights into their sensory coding function. These techniques provide results on how neurons encode stimuli in a way which is independent of any specifi c assumptions on which part of the neuronal response is signal and which is noise, and they can be usefully applied even to highly non-linear systems where traditional techniques fail. In this article, we describe our work and experiences using Python for information theoretic analysis. We outline some of the algorithmic, statistical and numerical challenges in the computation of information theoretic quantities from neural data. In particular, we consider the problems arising from limited sampling bias and from calculation of maximum entropy distributions in the presence of constraints representing the effects of different orders of interaction in the system. We explain how and why using Python has allowed us to signifi cantly improve the speed and domain of applicability of the information theoretic algorithms, allowing analysis of data sets characterized by larger numbers of variables. We also discuss how our use of Python is facilitating integration with collaborative databases and centralised computational resources. CPU and memory requirements of information calculations for neural data has signifi cantly increased. This is due to a number of reasons. First, the improvement of the techniques to correct for the sampling bias problem (Panzeri et al., 2007) has allowed the information theoretic analysis of larger populations. Second, some of these bias corrections techniques are computationally intensive. Third, in the context of understanding whether the correlation structure of neural activity can be described by simple low order models, it has become important to compute distributions with maximum entropy in the presence of various sets of constraints These calculations are particularly demanding in terms of processor and memory resources. Fourth, while most information analysis has been applied to spike trains, in the context of the development of brain machine interfaces it has become important to evaluate the information content of other types of brain signals, such as local fi eld potentials (LFPs) or Electroencephalograms (EEGs) which are analog in nature and must be represented at each time step The manipulation of these signals stretches computational requirements much more than using spikes, which due to their …


This paper presents a cost effective integration of 22V to 42V rated MOS in a 0.18 mum platform for high voltage applications. High voltage capability is achieved by adding only 2 masks to the baseline 3.3V CMOS. The process modularity enables appropriate customisations to address a wide range of applications with the same platform.


The tele -home healthcare is proposed extensively at domestic and abroad, the low power consumption, low cost, easy group network is a multidisciplinary to cross subjects for research. The ZigBee wireless technology is used to achieve the monitoring the user's body statement. The experimental results show ZigBee wireless technology suited to form tele-home healthcare system, it is very convenient, scalable and practical valuable.


This paper is totally based on a critical review of Transport Network Analysis in a Upper Assam district of State of Assam in India. It's a comparative study between ASTC Bus Services and Traveller Services from Jorhat District (Centre) to Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, Sibsagarh, Golaghat, Lakhimpur and Dhemaji District. There have only 11 ASTC Bus Services and More than (on Average) 15 Traveler Service in every district. The ASTC Bus Services were fixed for riding every day but Traveller Services are not fixed. It is flexible on time and demand by the passengers situations. From these it is clear that the government (ASTC) bus service are very less than the traveler services in this Upper Assam. There have many factors for the shortage of Govt. service and increase of Traveller Services. For this there have face many problems by passenger like travel fare, capacity of arrangement of seats, lack of comfortness of travelling etc.


This paper is a further work of the authors' paper published previously (Liao T H and Gao Q 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 2316). The amplitudes of fractional Fourier transform of Cantor sets are analysed from the viewpoint of multifractal by wavelet transform maxima method (WTMM). An integral operation is carried out before the application of WTMM, such that the function obtained can be considered as the perturbed devil staircase. Also, wavelets with large number of vanishing moments are used, which makes the complete singularity spectrum more accessible. The validity of multifractal formalism is guaranteed by restricting parameter q to a proper range, so that the phenomenon of multifractal phase transition can be explained reasonably. Particularly, the method of determining the range of parameter q in the above paper is developed to be more operational and rigorous.


Animal experimentation has increasingly taken part of the debates in society, including academia, exposing the need to respond to moral and legal issues that arise when evaluating justifications for the use of animals as mere tools. This article intends to briefly appreciate this practice in light of current legislation, observing the subject, covering Federal Constitution, Law n. 9605/98 (Environmental Crimes Law), Law n. 11,208 / 2008 (Arouca Law) and Decree n. 6899/2009, as well as seeking to anticipate the effects of Bill n. 6602/2013. To assist in this verification, it also observes what say defenders of animal experimentation and the vision of those who are opposed to this practice, while evaluating the issue of alternatives to animal use.


The European (EC FP7-funded) HEALTHY FUTURES project aims at improving anticipation of climate change effects on three water related vector-borne diseases (malaria, schistosomiasis, and Rift Valley fever) in eastern Africa. The intention of the HEALTHY FUTURES Atlas is to present key project results, and to support decision makers in identifying context and place-specific interventions. The Atlas provides information on past, present, and future conditions of risk and its components (hazard, vulnerability) to the three diseases, and allows the exploration of results through interactive tools.


In this paper,management byelaws for blood donation of 28 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities di- rectly under the Central Government were classified into five mode.After system analysis,we considered that existing blood usage system is significant to the development of blood donation without compensation.We also suggested to take into account the effec- tiveness,unification and region characters of these byehws when revise them.


Background: Medical students is one of population that appears to be at increased risk for sleep deprivation due to demanding academic and clinical duties which in coexistent with change in living style such as poor accommodation, being away from family put them at greater risk of poor sleeping and its subsequent mental and physical morbidity. Objectives: To determine the magnitude of insomnia and factors associated with it among 2nd and 3rd year medical students in faculty of medicine, Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was applied. It included a representative sample of male and female students registered in the 2nd and 3rd levels in faculty of medicine at Umm Al-Qura University. Questionnaires of Pittsburgh sleep quality Index and functional outcome of sleep in simple English Language were applied in addition to demographic characteristics of the students. Results: The study included 166 medical students enrolled in second and third academic years out of 183 invited to participate in the study, giving a response rate of 90.7%. Majority of them 88% were poor sleepers during the past month, based on Global PSQI Score. Almost one-third of medical students 31.7% had no daytime dysfunction while 47.3%, 16.8% and 4.2% of them reported mild, moderate and severe daytime dysfunction, respectively. Current smoker medical students mean rank = 96.63 reported more daytime dysfunction than non-smoker students mean rank=76.09 and ex-smokers mean rank=80.5. Most of medical students 80.7% reported no use of sleep medications while 13.3% and 3.6% of them reported usage of sleep medications in a dose of less than once per week and once or twice weekly, respectively. Female students, divorced students, those resided in external houses, students with below average income, current smokers and those with history of chronic diseases tended to use sleep medications more than others. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is a common problem affecting most of male students enrolled in the second and third levels, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA.


This paper presents an application-transparent execution context for mobile operating systems that reflects the criticality of current execution on the user interactivity. We track Android / Linux system-level events including semantic syscalls, UI actions, and standard inter-process and intra-process communication interfaces that signal the initiation and propagation of interactivity-related executions. This interactive context enables new optimizations in CPU scheduling and power state management. We recognize that online resource scheduling is susceptible to inaccurate contexts—e.g., misidentifying an interactive execution as background leads to possible priority inversion by schedulers. In particular, low-level OS events such as kernel block / wake-up carry ambiguous semantics that could induce false context propagations. We selectively expose such uncertainties to the schedulers so that executions with uncertain contexts are prioritized behind interactive executions but otherwise run as fast as possible to minimize the priority inversion. We further recognize the importance of prompt propagation of the interactivity context at the earliest possible moment to facilitate immediate prioritization. We utilize the interactivity context to enable differential per-core frequency control and background workload consolidation. Experiments on a quad-core smartphone with a dozen mobile workload scenarios show that we can, on average, save 13 percent energy with only 1 percent degradation on the interactive performance.


Non-government funded education are the important parts for the education system of our country.The teachers who work in non-government funded schools are the Niu tape that supports the survival and development of non-government funded education.For the moment present,teachers in private education in China there are irrational structure,mobility,teachers,sources and distribution channels are not clear.Private school teachers do not sound social security system and other issues.In this paper,the author reflect on the problems,such as how to protect the rights of private school teachers and making recommendations accordingly,want to protect the rights of private school teachers.


During an epidemic of scarlet fever in Cleveland and vicinity a few years ago, having treated 69 cases with 13 deaths, while a neighboring physician (a student of mine) treated 72 cases with a mortality of 12, making a death rate of about 16 per cent., I felt that I had hardly done my full duty to my patients and naturally studied for better methods of treatment, and after giving the full bath, in a manner to be described later, we were much gratified, both by the immediate and remote results, for sequelae were conspicuous only by their absence. In looking through the literature of this subject no reference is made to a systematic use of this method under definite rules. Such statements as "we use the bath frequently," "we commonly use the bath at a temperature of 90 to 95 F. in high temperatures," is about all that is


BACKGROUND
Bartonella spp. are emerging zoonotic agents that have been found in a wide variety of domestic animals and wildlife and cause a number of clinical syndromes. Bartonella sp. infection has been identified in a growing number of animal species, including cats, rodents, porpoises, and canids, but has not been reported in horses.

OBJECTIVE
To document the presence of Bartonella sp. in the blood of horses.

ANIMALS
One horse with chronic arthropathy and 1 horse with presumptive vasculitis.

METHODS
Blood samples were tested for the presence of Bartonella sp. by a combination of multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction and enrichment culture technique.

RESULTS
Bartonella henselae was isolated or detected in the blood of both horses.

CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Bartonella henselae infection should be investigated as the cause of disease in horses.


In this paper particular attention to the problems of state inspectors on fire surveillance for the demarcation of responsibility for violations of fire safety requirements of capital and the nature of the regime between the landlord and the tenant. The author, based on the analysis and multi-year legal practice, referring to judicial arbitration practice, creates proposals to resolve the named problems.


A new route has been investigated to convert used tinplate into valuable derivatives. Detinning of tin cans by organic halides may provide attractive organometallic compounds in addition to high grade steel scrap. In this work, benzyl chloride is used as reagent in a variety of solvents.


Background: In the present study, the characteristics and mid-term to long-term outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) associated infections treated with different types of approaches were evaluated. Methods: A retrospective study of the results of 71 infected TKA treated between August 1993 and August 2005. The data included medical records, gender, periprosthetic infection (PPI) classification, patients' comorbidities, PPI diagnostic criteria, microbiology and histopathology results, surgical and antimicrobial therapy, treatment modality, complications, follow up, and treatment results. Results: Median age was 70 years (range 43–88). Median follow-up 5.8 years (range 2–12). Thirty-three patients had multiple risk-factors for PPI. The main pathogens isolated were Coagulase-negative staphylococci 26 (37%), Staphylococcus aureus 16 (22.4%). The treatment methods of TKA infection was two-stage exchange in 59 (83%), debridement and retention −5 (7.2%), arthrodesis −5 (7.2%), excision arthroplasty 2 (2.8%). At final followup, 17 knees (24%) had required reoperation: 10 knees (14%) -component removal for reinfection. Two knees were reinfected 3 times, three knees – two times. The median time to first reoperation for reinfection was 1.2 years (range, 0.04–2.5 years). By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis the estimated survivals free of reoperation for infection were 90.5% (confidence intervals, 85.3–96.1%) at 5 years and 82% (confidence intervals, 70.3–94.5%) at 10 years. The Knee Society scores: Pain scores, Functional scores, ROM improved. Conclusions: TKA infections treatment is a difficult task leading to a high rate of unsatisfactory mid-term and long-term results. About one forth of patient require reoperation, 14% become reinfected in first 2.5 years. Half of reinfected patients get reinfected repeatedly. In most cases patients are reinfected with the same micro-organism but more virulent. TKA infection treatment option should be chosen according to the type of infection (acute or chronic), the duration of infection, the stability of the implant, the type of microorganism causing infection, bone quality and integrity, and the quality of the soft-tissue.


Tree-counting methods based on computer vision technologies are low-cost and efficient in contrast to the traditional tree counting methods, which are time-consuming, laborious, and humanly infeasible. This study presents a method for detecting and counting tree seedlings in images using a deep learning algorithm with a high economic value and broad application prospects in detecting the type and quantity of tree seedlings. The dataset was built with three types of tree seedlings: dragon spruce, black chokeberries, and Scots pine. The data were augmented via several data augmentation methods to improve the accuracy of the detection model and prevent overfitting. Then a YOLOv5 object detection network was built and trained with three types of tree seedlings to obtain the training weights. The results of the experiments showed that our proposed method could effectively identify and count the tree seedlings in an image. Specifically, the MAP of the dragon spruce, black chokeberries, and Scots pine tree seedlings were 89.8%, 89.1%, and 95.6%, respectively. The accuracy of the detection model reached 95.10% on average (98.58% for dragon spruce, 91.62% for black chokeberries, and 95.11% for Scots pine). The proposed method can provide technical support for the statistical tasks of counting trees.


Stable foams have been used successfully in drilling, workover and stimulation of wells in reservoirs in which the exploitation had made them decrease the formation pressure to the point that no operation was possible even with low density fluids. Because of their rheologic properties and easy application, the foams have played a very important role in workovers and cleaning operations as circulation fluid in the southern regions of Mexico. Based on the accumulated experience, the Mexican Institute of Petroleum prepared a computer program that allows the prediction of the foam behavior flowing through vertical pipes. By using graphs obtained with the computer program, it is possible to calculate injection pressures and gas and liquid supplies required for generating the necessary bottom-hole pressures.


Cultural studies attempt to systematically conceptualise a "conviviality in peace and difference" in a wide variety of spaces around the world that have taken on a greater role since the beginning of the twenty-first century (Ette 2010: 169-170, 183). They have been developed in response to the failure of the label 'multiculturalism', or as a rejection of the essentialist concept of identity. For a number of obvious reasons, they are currently the subject of intense debates among intellectuals of the Caribbean and its diasporas (Müller 2012: 255-264). This literature-rich region, which is especially well suited to "literatures without permanent residence" (Ette 2005: 123–156), has also evolved in recent decades into one of the most privileged spaces of theory formation. Theories of Négritude, Créolité, relationnalité – in this chronological order – have attempted to take stock of conviviality in the Caribbean and its diaspora, and from there to develop universal categories, as Édouard Glissant (1999) did in Poétique de la relation, and as Benitez Rojo (1998) did in La isla que se repite. Here the question has been raised repeatedly as to how ethnic difference can be conceptualised without falling into essentialisms. In keeping with the critique of multiculturalism articulated by leading English-language intellectuals like Arjun Appadurai (2009) or Paul Gilroy (2004), Walter Mignolo (2000: 241-242) has expressed deep criticism of the discourse around creoleness:


Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and dimethyl ketone (acetone) in concentrations up to 100 mM after extracellular application did not change the electrical activity of the identified pedal ganglia neurons of clam Planorbarius corneus in microelectrode studies and voltage clamp technique. DMSO in concentrations of 500 and 1000 mM (4 and 8 % solution), and acetone in smaller concentrations (from 200 mM-1.2% or higher) was shown to depolarize neurons and to increase the frequency and duration of action potentials, their amplitude and the total ionic currents (dV/dt) being decreased. The changes were fully reversible, hyperpolarization of cells was registered after washing, which was caused probably by activation of electrogenic transport of sodium ions. DMSO and acetone were suggested to change the neuron state not only by changes in resting potential but also by direct effects on ion channels. Acetone reduced amplitude of action potentials in neurons because of depolarization and in less degree because of its effects on ion channels. DMSO and acetone in concentrations of 100-200 mM are concluded to be safe for biological objects when they are used for dissolution of pharmacological agents.


100 years of cosmic ray investigations have not led to understanding the mechanism of particles acceleration. The most popular acceleration mechanisms of cosmic ray considered in the theory are associated with shock waves. The discovery of sources of protons with energies up to 20 GeV, generated by the Sun (solar cosmic ray), gives us hope for the opportunity to clarify the mechanism of cosmic rays generation. The important information about the mechanism of proton acceleration in the Sun has been obtained from results by GOES of measurements. The association of a proton event with a particular flare is beyond doubt. The GOES measurements indicate the high-energy protons propagation without collisions from the flares that appeared on the western part of the solar disk. These protons move in the interplanetary space along helical magnetic field lines. The protons from flares on the back side of the Sun can also arrive to the Earth's magnetosphere along magnetic lines. The protons from eastern flares come to the Earth's magnetosphere with the solar wind velocity or due to diffusion across the magnetic lines.


Since the river clamshell is commonly used as one of the raw materials for making lime betel widely consumed, inspection of its salt content is very important. This work is to study the profile of salt emission spectrum from the river clamshell sample inlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The observation of the general emission profile is possible thanking to the availability of the optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) system with a wide wavelength coverage from 200 nm-950 nm. LIBS apparatus used in this work consist of Nd-YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser and an OMA system equipped with an echelle spectrograph system. The river clamshell samples were collected from Panga River, Panga, Aceh Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia. The Panga river up streams to mountain of Gunong Ujeun, used to an intensive traditional mining location. The plasma generation was made by focusing the Nd-YAG laser beam on the clamshell sample under air surrounding gas at atmospheric pressure. There are two kinds of sample used, namely fresh sample without any treatment and pelletized sample. The result shows the emission spectrum in general consist of a large number of Ca emission lines, both atomic and ionic lines. However, several other salt emission lines such as Mg, Na, K, and Al also can be clearly observed at various wavelengths. This result suggests the emission spectrum of salt detected from the river clam sample are predominantly dominated by Ca emission lines.


After analyzing the mechanism of storing and utilizing rainwater, characteristic of precipitation and present situation of utilizing rainwater, the result shows that storing and utilizing rainwater have not only solved about 3 000 000 local people and the areas domestic animals' drinking problem but also become a growing point for sustainable development of dryland agriculture. Morever, it further promotes diversification of rural economic industries. In view of the present situation of stroing and utilizing rainwater this article puts forward ideas in strengthening scientific plan, puting water resources in to rational use, spreading efficient ways of utilizing rainwater. Its purpose is to provide technical guidance for carrying out storing and utilizing of rainwater in the locality.


Informational imperfections and uncertainty have been in the focus of recent literature as they are the source of much of the difference between first- and second-best scenarios. This is an application of these concepts to agricultural development as risks ranging from price fluctuations to environmental conditions and inequalities of access to information manifest itself at both the micro and the macro level constraining the possibilities of agricultural development.


Magnetic and gravimetric data play an important role in regional geological interpretations. This fact is emphasized in glaciated terrains where there is minimal outcrop. The significance of regional, site-specific and deposit-scale geophysical investigations is reflected in the exploration of sulphide ore deposits of the VMS type in the Pyhasalmi-Vihanti area, Central Finland. The application of geophysics in mine grade control is presented in the Pyhasalmi and some other mines. The Pyhasalmi-Vihanti area belongs to one of the main metallogenic provinces in Finland. The area is a part of the northwest-southeast structure which crosses Finland and ranges through the earth's crust. Geophysically, this global feature is best indicated by a strong gravity low. Geologically, this structure is located near or at the contact zone of archean and proterozoic blocks. In exploration, gravity data with grids of a few stations per square kilometre or denser, and airborne survey data with flight altitudes of 150 m and 40 m, have been used for regional interpretations. Geophysical data are modelled and image processed, integrating them with geological models to identify and classify VMS-critical rock units and structures. Geophysical surveys often include certain special methods that are applied to specific problems in local exploration. However, "classical" methods should not be underestimated, especially when sophisticated modelling is used, so that eventually we do not provide anomalies but interesting anomaly sources for drilling. In the Pyhasalmi area, EM, IP, magnetic and gravimetric methods have been used in basic ground surveys. Background resistivities are usually at the level of 10 000 ohm-m; however, inductively resistivity contrasts between country rocks and mineralisation are usually small, except in pyrrhotitebearing schist zones. Therefore, IP has proved to be a relevant tool in the exploration of near-surface mineralisations. With regard to blind ore bodies, good results have been obtained with a wide-band EM sounding system, called Gefinex 400S, an exploration tool developed by Outokumpu. The power of geophysics is often noticed during the surveying of barren drill holes. Integrated interpretations of borehole-EM and lithogeochemical data led to the discovery of a new ore deposit also in the Pyhasalmi area at a depth of 500 m. Beside EM surveys, mise-a-la-masse (M-A-M) borehole and ground surveys have been efficiently used to correlate drill hole intersections, and to locate new ore bodies. The latest modelling of M-A-M data resulted in an exploration target at a depth of 700 m; the interpretation was based on an integrated analog and digital modelling developed at VIRG-Rudgeofizika, Russia. The use of geophysics can even be extended to mine production for purpose of minimizing dilution and ore losses, reducing expensive core drilling, and obtaining immediate analyses results. Outokumpu has gathered more than ten years of experience in geophysical borehole logging for grade estimate and control purposes. Depending on ore type, geophysical borehole logging can be applied to determine ore contacts, to classify mineralisations, to interpret lithology, and even to transform physical responses to metal grades. In the Pyhasalmi Zn-Cu-S mine, density logging in percussion boreholes is used to locate ore boundaries, and to classify ore intersections into massive and semi-massive sulphide ore types. Pyrrhotite-bearing zones are separated from other sulphides by conductivity logs. The use of geophysical logging, specifically the conductivity log, for grade estimate and control has succeeded best in nickel mines. In "Proceedings of Exploration 97: Fourth Decennial International Conference on Mineral Exploration" edited by A.G. Gubins, 1997, p. 617–630 618 Mine Site Exploration and Ore Delineation INTRODUCTION The Fennoscandian Shield, which covers a total area of 1 140 000 square kilometres, comprises the Precambrian areas of Finland, Norway and Sweden, and the northwesternmost part of Russia (Figure 1). The metamorphosed Precambrian bedrock varying in age from 1700 to 2800 million years (Kahma, 1973) consists of Proterozoic and Archean rocks, of which the latter occupy large areas in eastern and northern Finland. The Proterozoic portions, which host most of the major outcropping sulphide ore bodies detected so far, are characterized by granitoids and schist belts. Abundant pyrrhotite bearing graphite schists, or black schists, which cause both magnetic and electromagnetic geophysical anomalies and geochemical anomalies, occur in these belts. The Archean part is composed of extensive granite gneiss and greenstone belts. Bedrock is generally overlain (95–97%) by thin Quaternary deposits composed of till, sand and clay, averaging between 6 m and 9 m. The most economically significant ore deposits in Finland are located in the Main Sulphide Ore Belt, which runs across the country


Chengdu 610500, China Abstract — In order to remove the noise of ECG signals and extract their characteristics, a new detection and analysis system based on wavelet entropy is proposed. We outline the theory of wavelet transform, the method of ECG feature extraction based on wavelet entropy application, and using Matlab programming, we design an automatic extraction system of ECG signal features with MATLAB GUI interface, including ECG signal detection, amplification, denoising and feature extraction. Test results show the system can complete the detection of ECG signal, amplification, denoising, feature extraction, and achieve automatic extraction of ECG signal feature points. The clinical ECG has an excellent practical value.


Background: Makerere University introduced a new policy1 on the minimum qualification for appointment to a lecturer teaching position and eligibility for subsequent promotions. The highlight of the policy is a requirement for a PhD or equivalent as the minimum qualification necessary for appointment to a lecturer position and above. As a result of this policy fewer and fewer members have shown interest or indeed joined the Faculty of Medicine teaching staff roll. Objectives: This study set out to investigate the perception of the faculty and the impact of the policy on staffing. Methods: Literature review, oral and a questionnaire interviews were used to gather data. Participants included current members of teaching staff (of biomedical sciences and clinical disciplines) postgraduate students and visiting overseas academic staff and adjunct staff employed by the Ministry of Health at teaching hospitals. Data collected was analyzed and summarized in tabular form. Results: A PhD or equivalent is required as a minimum qualification to join academic positions at lecturer level and above at Faculty of Medicine and subsequent promotion to higher positions. There was a significant lag in promotions and recruitment in the Faculty of Medicine compared to counterparts employed by the Uganda Ministry of Health at the teaching hospitals. Participants expressed strong views that a PhD or equivalent should not be a minimum requirement nor should it be a prerequisite for promotions though it should be encouraged. Policy documents from other universities did not require a PhD or equivalent qualifications as a minimum requirement for appointment to the academic ranks of those institutions. Conclusion: Whereas it is desirable for the academic staff to acquire a PhD, it should not be a mandatory requirement. The policy was not in the best interest of the Faculty of Medicine and may not be for other medical schools to impose that requirement for appointment or promotion. University policy makers should consider schools of medicine as an exception to the policy requiring a PhD or equivalent as minimum requirement for teaching at a Medical School.


Medical visualization plays a key role in the early diagnosis and detection of symptoms related to breast cancer. However, currently doctors must struggle to extract accurate and relevant information from the 2D models on which the medical field still relies. The problem is that 2D models lack the spatial definition necessary to extract all of the information a doctor might want. In order to address this gap, we are developing a machine capable of performing ultrasound computer tomography and reconstructing 3D images of the breasts - the KIT 3D USCT II.

In order to accurately reconstruct the 3D image using ultrasound, we must first have an accurate temperature model. This is because the speed of sound varies significantly based on the temperature of the medium (in our case, water). We address this issue in three steps: so-called super-sampling, calibration, and modeling. Using these three steps, we were able to improve the accuracy of the hardware from ±1°C to just under 0.1°C.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel DSP concept in bandwidth-oriented coherent receivers for flexible optical communication systems. A 7000-km transparent reach is achieved for a 56-GBd-PM-QPSK single channel transmission using a pair of 40-GSa/s oscilloscopes with 16-GHz optical front-ends.


Pustai Petru Mihai¹ )* ; Oltean Ion. ¹ ) ; Florian Teodora¹ ) ; Bodis Ilonka¹ ) ; 1) Faculty of Agriculture. University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, no. 1-3 Calea MAƒnAƒștur Street, Romania; firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. For monitoring entomofaunei from crops forage legumes, maize and sugar beet has been used traps method type Barber. Of a total of 2459 adults collected, in the crops of forage legumes has been the most abundance entomofauna (77% of the total catches by), strongest of beet at 14% of catches, and, in the case of those few in the culture of corn, with 9% of catches. Of catches made by the traps set Barber, 56% of the adults belong to harmful species, and 44% of catches are predators.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNets), consisting of a lot of Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSNs), play an important role in structural health and machine condition monitoring. But the WSNs provided by the current market cannot meet the diversity of application requirements because they have limited functions, unreliable node performance, high node cost, high system redundancy, and short node lifespan.The aim of the research is to design the architecture of a WSN with low power consumption and node cost, which can be dynamically configured according to application requirements for structural health and machine condition monitoring. This research investigates the improvement of node performance and reliability through the new design methodologies and the extension of node lifespan by interfacing energy harvesters and implementing node power management.The main contributions of the research are presented from the following aspects:1. Model development of node architecture for application diversityThe merits of model include: (1) The proposed node architecture can be dynamically configured in terms of application requirements for reducing system redundancy, power consumption and cost; (2) It supports multichannel signal measurement with the synchronous and asynchronous signal sampling modules and three interface circuits; (3)The model parameters can be calculated; (4) As the model is based on discrete electronic components, it can be implemented by using Components-Off-The-Shelf (COTS).2. A novel pipeline design of the built-in ADC inside a microprocessorThe merit of proposed pipeline solution lies in that the sampling time of the built-in ADCs is reduced to one third of the original value, when the ADC operates in sequence sampling mode based on multichannel signal measurement.3. Self-adjusting measurement of sampled signal amplitude This work provides a novel method to avoid the distortion of sampled signals even though the environmental signal changes randomly and over the sampling range of the node ADC. The proposed method can be implemented with four different solutions.4. Interface design to support energy harvesting The proposed interface will allow to: (1) collect the paroxysmal ambient energy as more as possible; (2) store energy to a distribution super-capacitor array; (3) harvest electrical energy at high voltage using piezoelectric materials without any transformer; (4) support the diversity of energy transducers; and (5) perform with high conversion efficiency.5. A new network task scheduling model for node wireless transceiver The model allows to: (1) calculate node power consumption according to network task scheduling; (2) obtain the optimal policy for scheduling network task.6. A new work-flow model for a WSN The model provides an easy way to (1) calculate node power consumption according to the work flow inside a WSN; (2) take fully advantage of the power modes of node electronic components rather than outside factors; (3) improve effectively node design.


In this paper, a new and integrated approach to easily calculate pollutant loads from agricultural watersheds was suggested and verified. The basic concepts of this empirical tool were based on an assumption that variations in event mean concentrations (EMCs) of pollutants from a given agricultural watershed during rainstorms were only attribuTable to the rainfall pattern. Fifty one sets of EMC values were obtained from nine different watersheds, and these data were used to develop prediction tools for the EMCs in rainfall runoff. The results of statistical tests of these formulas showed that they were fairly good in predicting actual EMC values of some parameters, and useful in terms of calculating pollutant loads for any rainfall event time span such as daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly. As part of this study, we were able to examine the field applicability of the empirical model. In an effort to improve the water quality of a reservoir, all water were drained and followed by a cleanup of the sediments...


Hydrocarbon compound type analysis by mass spectrometry is a simple and powerful method that provides extensive compositional information about complex petroleum fractions. Sample introduction into the mass spectrometer has been successfully done for over 30 years using the all-glass heated inlet system (AGHIS). However, the limited transportability of the AGHIS has considerably restricted the wider usage of mass spectrometry for hydrocarbon compound type analysis. In this work, a gas chromatograph (GC) has been examined as a system equivalent to the AGHIS for the introduction of petroleum fractions into the mass spectrometer (MS). It is demonstrated that the GC is a versatile system that offers many advantages over the AGHIS, including simplicity of operation, ease of maintenance, automation, and transportability. Most importantly, the use of the GC allows for the detection of individual compounds, a feature not available with the AGHIS. The capabilities of the GC/MS system have been examined by the anal...


Sub-millimeter-sized ferroelectric monomorph sonar transducers have been built using sol-gel PZT on micromachined silicon wafers. 8/spl times/8 transducer arrays have been tested in water in the frequency range of 0.3 to 2 MHz. An improved sol-gel process has yielded crack-free PZT films up to 12 /spl mu/m in thickness, 12/spl times/ thicker than previously reported. Sensitivity, frequency response, acoustic images and beam patterns are presented. High-resolution acoustic images at a range of 2 m were made using the arrays and an acoustic lens. Applications include high-frequency imaging sonars, medical ultrasound, ultrasonic communication links, and flaw detection.


Background: We wanted to identify features of prognostic significance in patients admitted to hospital because of acute upper gastrointestinal (UGI) hemorrhage. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal study of 321 consecutive cases admitted during 1988-91 was carried out. The relative risk of mortality associated with each of the background, laboratory, and endoscopic features and the hospital course was calculated. Multiple stepwise logistic regression was used to define factors independently associated with mortality. Two models were evaluated, the first based on the data at presentation (history, physical findings, initial laboratory data) and the second based on the first, plus the endoscopic and follow-up data. Results: The overall mortality was 7.8%. At presentation the features associated with a significantly (p<0.05) increased risk of mortality were (adjusted odds ratios in parentheses) age <75 years (11.2), a history of cancer (12.1), blood in the gastric aspirate (9.6), and a systolic blood pressur...


The slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for summer corn is cemented and coated and cemented slowly releasing fertilizer coated with the slowly releasing cementing agent and coating and cementing agent developed by the present inventor based on the requirement of summer corn on nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in different growth stages. Prepared based on the 'different size for different releasing speed' process, the fertilizer has releasing time and speed matching the requirement of summer corn in different growth stages, and once application of fertilizer can meet the requirement of summer corn on nutrients in all growth stages.


1. the art that the invention defined in the claims It relates to the position error signal control method for a hard disk drive used as an auxiliary storage device of a computer system. 2. The invention attempts to solve the technical challenges Dipek is the position error signal, the control method capable of performing the servo control, regardless of the position error signal detected from the servo burst regions to provide. 3. Resolution of the subject matter of the invention, When the dipek servo sector mark in a predetermined area of the servo sector is in when the self-test mode of the hard disk drive repeatedly at a high PES detection and data read / write operation when said marking is detected regardless of the PES detected from the dipek servo sector wherein using the detected PES from the servo sector in the servo sector dipek potential is characterized by performing the servo control. 4. An important use of the invention, It can be used for servo control of the hard disk drive.


†† An overview is given of some of the submarine and surface ship research conducted at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division. The paper is presented in a session detailing novel shear stress measurement techniques. The goal, therefore, is to describe a few selected research problems sufficiently to indicate why there exists a need for shear stress measurements. Shear stress sensors are desired not only for laboratory-scale models, but also for quarter-scale vehicles operating in a fresh water lake and for full-scale vehicles operating in the oceans. The paper, therefore, includes a discussion of the potential demands that would be placed on candidate shear stress sensing systems under these conditions.


Strength of concrete is very important factor in design and quality management and may represent overall quality of concrete. Such strength of concrete may differ depending on amount of cement mixed, water and fine aggregate ratio. Classic concrete products have been produced mainly with ordinary portland cement(hereinafter "cement"), water and fine aggregate as shown above, but various additives and mixture materials have been used for concrete manufacturing, along with development of high functional concrete and diversification of structures. Various kinds of chemical mixtures agents and mixture materials have been used as it requires concretes with other features which cannot be solved with existing materials only, such as high strength, high flexibility and no-separation in the water. Such addition of various mixture agents may cause change in cement hydrate, affecting strength. Hydration of cement is the process of producing potassium hydroxide, C-S-H, C-A-H and Ettringite, while causing heat generation reaction after it is mixed with water, and generation amounts of such hydrates play lots of roles in condensation and hardening. This study aims to analyze its strength and features with hydrates by making specimen according to curing temperature, types of mixture agent, mixing ratio and ages and by analyzing such hydrates in order to analyze role of cement hydrate on early strength of concrete.


Studies on modern consumers' sentiments toward marketing in an emerging market context are vital. This paper compares demographic differences in South African consumers' sentiment toward marketing. Data were collected via a survey with 444 diverse consumers residing in the Tshwane metropolitan area. The findings revealed that South African males are significantly less satisfied with marketing communication practices compared to females. Consumers earning lower income were significantly less positive towards marketing in general as well as product quality, price, and selling practices. Afrikaans-speaking consumers' attitudes were less positive towards marketing communication. The finding can guide the marketing industry to advance its image by adjusting its practices and coordinating with the government and other stakeholders to collaborate.


Worldwide consumption of vegetable soybean has been increasing recently, but, in the process of vegetable soybean production threshing and seperation work accounts for about of overall labor. Therefore, developing of the vegetable soybean thresher is necessary to reduce the cost of labor. The main objective of this study is to develop the vegetable soybean thresher which is suitable for domestic circumstances. The threshing and separating performance, operating cost, and field capacity of developed vegetable soybean thresher are investigated and analysed. The results are as follows. The effective field capacity of the developed vegetable soybean thresher was shown as 4.8hr/10a, and reduced as much as 11.7 times compared with human labor. The ratio of unthreshed soybean-pod to stem after threshing work was shown as and the damaged pod ratio of detached soybean was shown as . The cost of human labor was shown as 2,560,000 won/ha, but the operating of the developed vegetable soybean thresher was shown as 503,000won/ha. If the vegetable soybean thresher would be used in our farm, the minimum cultivation area appeard to be 22.7a for the cost effective management.


Introduction: Older people can experience large improvements in muscle strength, if their muscles are overloaded during training. Progressive resistance exercise (PRE) is system of dynamic resistance training where constant external load is applied to contracting muscle by mechanical means (usually free weight or weight machine) and incrementally increased. The repetition maximum (RM) is used as basis for determining and progressing resistance.


We report performance improvement of an optical fibre oxygen sensor based on direct measurement fluorescence quenching of oxygen sensitive ruthenium complex and indirect measurement of lifetime through phase fluorometry. Comparison between detection scheme with and without emission filters using various bandpass ranges are being investigated. A 1.7 fold increase in fluorescence intensity is observed with a detection scheme employing broad (195 nm) bandpass emission filter compared to a system without emission filter. Six fold increase in fluorescence emission is detected when a narrow (25 nm) emission filter is adopted in the system. Similarly, six fold increase in phase angle value φω is demonstrated in an in-direct O2 sensor measurement when 25 nm bandpass emission filter is employed in such system. Improvement in O2 sensor sensitivity and linearity are also reported with the inclusion of narrow bandpass emission filter.


Introduction: Refractory ventricular fibrillation is not uncommon and can be extremely difficult to abort. There is currently no standard guideline to effectively manage this electrical storm. Case Presentation: We hereby present the first successful reported use of dual simultaneous external defibrillation on a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation in Hong Kong. Conclusion: Given the numerous successful cases with intact neurology in literature, dual simultaneous external defibrillation should be employed in indicated patients.


We present neutron diffraction, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data for a single-crystal sample of the cubic (Cu 3 Au structure) compound Pr 3 In. This compound is where The results approximated with the following model: ferromagnetic sheets from each of the three Pr sites alternate in sign along the propagation direction with a twelve-unit-cell square-wave modulation. The three moments of the unit cell of 1 µ B magnitude are aligned so as to sum to zero as expected for nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions on a triangle. The magnetic susceptibility indicates that in addition to the antiferromagnetic transition at 12K, there is a transition near 70K below which there is a small (0.005 µ B ) ferromagnetic moment. specific show almost no anomaly at T N = 12K. This may be a consequence of the induced moment in the Γ 1 singlet, but may be a sample-dependent effect.


A simulation method on absorbing effectiveness (AE) has been presented in this paper. Double-layer AE formulas have been proposed for simulating calculation in Ku-band. Two wave absorbers composed of chloridized polyethylene (CPE)-based composites with nickel powders and ZnO whiskers were prepared and investigated in detail. Absorbing mechanisms on the double-layer with inducted layer and magnetic loss layer was discussed and evaluated by simulation and measurement. Experiments indicate that theoretical calculation on AE values conforms to measured AE values. By this simulation method, the optimization of wave absorbers can be realized


To research the performance of coherent OCDM system influenced by system parameters,the model of OCDM transmission system was induced and classified into two equivalent models based on source coherency and transmission delay among different users.Multi-user interference and beat noise of these two models were analyzed based on the moment generation function.The result shows that OCDM system should work in the equivalent different-source model.Relationships between the code length,the inter symbol interference,the polarization and the system performance were discussed and the performance improvement measurements were proposed and testified consequently.


In this work it is shown the first characterization of holographic solar concentrators recorded in Biophotopol - one of the greenest photopolymers. Biophotopol is an acrylate-based and water-soluble photopolymer with good recycling properties. The composition of this photopolymer and their thickness are easily changeable, which implies an important advantage vs. others commercialized photopolymers. Good diffraction efficiency and wide acceptance angles are achieved on phase volume transmission holograms by using an optimized composition and thin layers. A curing stage with a white incoherent light has been performed to obtain high temporal stability together with a good diffraction efficiency. Finally, the performance of the holographic lenses as holographic solar concentrators has been evaluated with an electronic setup connected to a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell and a high intensity solar simulator emitting a standard solar spectrum (AM1.5G).


This research aims to explore the impact of green motives (GM) on Corporate Social Performance (CSP) through green practices (GP) in the hotel industry. Data was collected from the 250 executives and other members of senior management who were involved in the management decision making directly or indirectly. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was applied through SmartPLS version 3.2.8. Subsequently, results proved that green motives have a positive association with green practices and CSP. Green practices mediated the relationship between green motive and CSP. This research isolates itself from the previous ones in this area by integrating the literature of green motives and corporate social performance that how green practices intercede this relationship in the context of the hotel industry. In the hotel industry, owners/managers should focus on green motives and must consider them to keep their stakeholders interested and motivated. This study guides management in practice that how to satisfy their customers timely through the green process and build a strong foundation for CSP. This is quantitative research based on cross-sectional data and has been conducted in Pakistan.


Ve present an introductory review of the standard cosmological model in the frame- work of Einstein's theory of gravitation. \Ve show that the standard model while succeeding in predicting many features of the evolution of the Universe, cannot, however, explain sorne other recent observations. In particular, sorne inconsistencies arise between the present values of the cosmological parameters, the age of the Universe, the nature of the so-called dark matter, and the standard inflationary prediction rl = 1. Neither can the standard cosmology explains the recent discovery of a galactic periodicity in pencil beam surveys. In this paper we review the alternative oscillating G model proposed as an explanation of this phenomena, and also as a candidate to reconcile the cosmological parameters with the cosmological dark matter problem.


Optimal revascularization strategy in multi-vessel (MV) coronary artery disease (CAD) eligible for percutaneous intervention (PCI) and surgery remains unresolved. We evaluated, in a randomized clinical trial, residual myocardial ischemia (RI) and clinical outcomes of MV-CAD revascularization using coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) or MV-PCI.

 Consecutive MV-CAD patients (n=155) were randomized (1:1:1) to conventional CABG (LIMA-LAD plus venous grafts) or HCR (MIDCAB LIMA-LAD followed by PCI for remaining vessels) or MV-PCI (everolimus-eluting CoCr stents) under Heart Team agreement on equal technical and clinical feasibility of each strategy.
 The primary endpoint was SPECT at 12 months (primary endpoint of RI that the trial was powered for; a measure of revascularization mid-term efficacy and an independent predictor of long-term prognosis). The secondary endpoint was 3-year MACCE.

 Baseline characteristics were similar between the study arms. 5 (9.8%) patients in the HCR group required conversion to CABG.
 Data are given respectively for the CABG, HCR and MV-PCI arm. Incomplete revascularization rate was 8.0% vs. 7.7% vs. 5.7% (p=0.86). At 12 months, RI was 5 (2,9)% vs. 5 (3,7)% vs. 6 (3,10)% (median; Q1,Q3) with non-inferiority p values of 0.0006 (HCR vs. CABG) and 0.016 (MV-PCI vs. CABG). 3-year MACCE rate was similar (34.7% vs. 27.1% vs. 38%; p=0.18).

 In patients with MV-CAD amenable to CABG, HCR, and MV-PCI, endpoints of residual myocardial ischemia at 12 months and 3-year MACCE were similar.
 ClinicalTrials: gov identifier: NCT01699048

 Type of funding source: None


The paper examines empirically whether the volatility of major floating exchange rates shows any systematic change during the period from 1973 to 1998. Four measures for unconditional and conditional volatility demonstrate increasing volatility for most currencies and for two worldwide baskets of exchange rates. Structural breaks are identified for several exchange rates, implying that the volatility increase is in some cases due to upward shifts and not due to continuous changes. This may indicate that in addition to permanent microstructural impacts, macroeconomically-caused shifts are possibly also important for the volatility increase.


In this paper, the frequency support capacity of power system integrated by A large number of PV generation is considered. Based on the conventional inverter PQ control strategy, virtual droop control and inertia control are introduced, and a fast frequency response control strategy of PV inverter similar to the synchronous generator is proposed. Meanwhile, in simulation software of power system, a three-machine nine-node simulation model including the PV power station is established, and the simulation verification is carried out. The simulation results show that when the system is disturbed, PV station can actively provide frequency regulation and enhance frequency stability of the power system.


This review focuses on niobium and tantalum organometallic complexes that feature a metal-bound alkyne (RC≡CR) unit. The contrasting MIII–alkyne/MV–"alkenediyl" bonding motifs used to describe the metal–ligand interaction in these complexes are discussed. An overview of the spectroscopic and crystallographic structural metrics that are used to characterize alkyne complexes is also included. The various routes employed for the synthesis of tantalum and niobium alkyne complexes are summarized, and the reactivity of these complexes, including potential synthetic applications, is also addressed.


Several convergence results in Hilbert scales under different source conditions are proved and orders of convergence and optimal orders of convergence are derived. Also, relations between those source conditions are proved. The concept of a multiple Hilbert scale on a product space is introduced, and regularization methods on these scales are defined, both for the case of a single observation and for the case of multiple observations. In the latter case, it is shown how vector-valued regularization functions in these multiple Hilbert scales can be used. In all cases, convergence is proved and orders and optimal orders of convergence are shown. Finally, some potential applications and open problems are discussed.


In this note we investigate the $(E)$-index and the $(E)$-nullity of vacuum solutions from the two-torus into the two sphere.


Until the wakeup call of early 2001, prevailing wisdom was to meet insatiable bandwidth demand with indiscriminate bandwidth provisioning. Sadly, many carriers accelerated their demise by following this call. Others though bruised, survive and are attempting to apply painful lessons as they plan for the future. For carriers to chart a successful course, they need to prepare for the as-yet undefined customer needs that will materialize during the next five years. A carrier must navigate through a wide range of possible traffic scenarios and architecture choices, all the while insuring that it remains competitive.


A mathematical model of a three-phase gas-lift reactor (GLR) is developed to aid the design of a target reactor for simultaneous substrate catalytic oxidation in riser and a deactivated reactivation catalyst in the downcomer section of the multifunctional reactor. In the GLR model, the hydrodynamics of a real GLR and the kinetics of glucose oxidation by air over a palladium catalyst are incorporated. The GLR model searches for the optimal geometry of the target reactor. With regard to the GLR optimal geometry, the reactor productivity is maximal for given input operational conditions. An algorithm of the GLR model is presented together with simulation results of the target GLR and with insight into the parametric sensitivity of the model. Effects of the reaction components concentrations and the gas-phase superficial velocity on the location of the target reactor optimal geometry and on the reactor productivity are discussed.


Objective To investigate the clinical characters of diarrhea caused by gastroenteral fistula. Methods To analyze the clinical data of 5 patients with diarrhea caused by gastroenteral fistula admitted to gastroenterid department of PUMC hospital from January 1988 to December 1998. Results All 5 patients had the history of Billroth Ⅱ gastroectomy which was to treat ulcer. The characters of diarrhea were consistent with the characters of malabsorptional diarrhea. The deglutin diet and antibiotics were given without improvement. All patients were admitted with serious hypoproteinemia. Diagnosis was confirmed by barium gastroenterography among all cases. Only 40% be confirmed by gastroscopy. Conclusions The possibility of gastroenteral fistula should be considered and barium gastroenterography should be carried Out in the patients with diarrhea, especially in those who have the history of gastric operation.


Topological semimetals (TSMs) refer to electronic gapless phases that exhibit topological band crossings around the Fermi level and have intrigued enormous research interest in the past few decades. There have been many theoretical and experimental progresses regarding TSMs, and first-principles calculations have been proven to be an instrumental tool in finding candidate materials for TSMs. In this tutorial, we will focus on two representative types of TSMs—Weyl and Dirac semimetals and summarize the recent progress from the perspective of first-principles calculations. First of all, the basic concepts of TSMs, the generic topological invariants, and the frequently used techniques within first-principles calculations are briefly introduced. Second, taking typical materials as representative examples, we summarize the characteristic electronic properties, formation mechanisms, and general methodologies for Weyl and Dirac semimetals, respectively. In the last part, we present a short review of recent progresses on other types of TSMs.


Purpose: to formulate basic control procedures and methods of control of state assignment execution in public institutions. Discussion: types of services (works) that are given to the institution are defined as the main type of statutory activity. In fact, budgetary and autonomus institutions render state (budget) services, and government institutions exercise state functions. Executive State Government Bodies, which have the authority of the founder, establish rules of state assignment execution control for subordinated institutions (7.8). Results: the article presents methodical recommendation on control actions in terms of state assignment execution evaluation, as well as the proposal to improve this type of control. Crucial risks are listed.


In the case of many high school students, urg ing them not to leave school may be putting the emphasis in the wrong place and on the wrong people. Further, some statistics com monly used to justify the urging may be only partial truths.


IbM program aimed at improving capability and skill of cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 Karangklesem village in optimalizing narrow-land area in their neighbourhood through improving capability and skill on verticulture technology mastery on organic vegetables from the making of organic fertilizer, biological pesticide, seed seedling, planting media, planting, plant treatment, harvesting and post harvesting, and capability of vegetables (agribusiness) entrepreneurship. The next aim was to handle the household waste, to create beautiful, green, and aesthetic environment, and to earn additional income for the cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 from their organic vegetable sales. The method used in this IbM program was training and direct practice, assisting, fostering, and partnership with the cadres and PKK members of RW 12 and 13 at Karangklesem village. Utilization of narrow-land area has been conducted around RW 12 and 13 at Karangklesem village by conducting the following activities: (1) Bioactivator making and liquid organic fertilizer and compost  training. The results were 20 liters bioactivator, 200 liters liquid organic fertilizer, and 750 kilograms compost, (2) the technique of making biological pesticide training; the result was 200 liters of biological pesticide, (3) organic vegetable virticultur technique training; the result was 47 sets of organic vegetables in verticulture system, (4) post-harvesting technique of organic vegetables, and (5) entrepreneurship training covering the training of book keeping, business analysis of verticulture organic vegetable and marketing management. The conclusion of this IbM program was that there was an improvement on capability and skill of the cadres and PKK members  of RW 12 and 13 Karangklesem village in mastering the verticulture technology of organic vegetables from the making of bioactivator, liquid organic fertilizer, compost, biological pesticide, seed seedling, planting media, planting and plant treatment, harvesting and post-harvesting treatment, and organic vegetable entrepreneurship


Late blight of potato appears regularly in epiphytotic proportion in all the hilly regions of the country and causes considerable reduction in yield and quality. Efficacy of eight fungicides and two bio-agents were studied against Phytopthora infestans, 8% N (2,6-dimethylphenyl) N-(methoxy acetyl) alanine methyl ester plus 64% mancozeb (Ridomil MZ-72) @ 0.2% was found effective to reduce the disease to lesser extent i.e. up to 95%. New fungicides 5-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy) phenyl-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2,4-oxazolidine dione (KX-007), 5-methyl-5-(4 - phenoxyphenyl)-3-(phenylamino)-2,4-oxazolidinedione (JE-874), 2 cyano-N-[ethylamino carbony]-2 (methoxylmino) acetamide plus metalaxyl (Curzate) and Zinc propylene bis dithiocarbamate plus Iprovalicarb (Melody) were tested at different concentration. Among new fungicides, 2-cyano-N-[ethylamino carbony]-2-(methoxyimino) acetamide plus metalaxyl @ 0.3 was highly effective in reducing disease severity and protecting yield loss. AUDPC was found directly proportional to disease severity and inversely proportional to tuber yield. Maximum infection rate was recorded in control plot followed by Pant bio-control agent 1 and Pant bio-control agent 2 sprayed plot while minimum infection rate was recorded from 8% N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxy acetyl) alanine methyl ester plus 64% mancozeb sprayed plot. During 2003–04 and 2004–05 cropping seasons, 8% N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxy acetyl) alanine methyl ester plus 64% mancozeb was the best treatment regarding tuber yield followed by Manganese ethylene bis dithio carbamate plus zinc (Mancozeb). Among new fungicides, 2-cyano-N-[ethylamino carbony]-2-(methoxyimino) acetamide plus metalaxyl @ 0.3% gave good yield. When treatments were compared for cost benefit ratio (C-B ratio), Manganese ethylene bis dithio carbamate plus zinc @ 0.2 % (2 sprays) proved best with highest C-B ratio.


Since 1994 the South African state has been governed through an Alliance of the African National Congress (ANC), South African Communist Party (SACP) and Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU). Whilst each of these organisations claims autonomy and independence, it shares a common history and core ideological persuasions which has been articulated as the National Democratic Revolution (NDR). Whilst ANC members may not necessarily have membership of the SACP or COSATU, any member of the SACP or COSATU who desires to enter politics are required to be a member of the ANC. The SACP and COSATU do not contest elections. As part of the agreement, only the ANC contests elections and as such leads the Alliance. This has led to a number of challenges, specifi cally related to public administration. This article describes the nature of the tripartite alliance by considering the historical roots of the alliance itself and its performance in government; and by concluding that there is an understanding of the leadership role of the ANC within the Alliance. The ANC itself is a refl ection of the "broad church" nature of such an Alliance.


Apparel export that brings larger export income to Sri Lanka, facing a challenge of the highest employee turnover within industries that have led to high-level replacement cost, training cost as well as low productivity, low quality, and customer dissatisfactions. In this Context, Employer Branding has been a strategic reaction towards attracting prospective employees and retaining them, through managing 'Employee Value Proposition' (EVP). This study aimed to develop a conceptual model to show how EVP contributes to employees' Intention to Retention (IR) through Employer Brand Equity (EBE) in leading empirical research. A targeted literature review was used as the methodology. As findings, this study established relationships between the EVP and the EBE, EBE, and IR, and EVP and IR, with the consideration of demographic factors as moderators. The findings implicate in conducting empirical research that contributes to explain reasons for higher-level employee turnover and find effective solutions. It is recommended to implement solutions for higher employee turnover issues in the apparel manufacturing sector in Sri Lanka, not just based on monetary rewards, but the overall value proposition, that employees expect, based on scientific research.


In this paper,the recent progress on the thermal decomposition and the capacity loss of spinel LiMn_2O_4,as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries,during charge/discharge at elevated temperatures were reviewed,and the studies for reducing the capacity decline were summarized,and the suggestions and methods of improving the performances at elevated temperatures of LiMn_2O_4 cathode materials were proposed.


In the first wave of human life that all people had to continue living through the agriculture and husbandry jobs, the tangible assets like lands and number of family members were considered as important criteria for success. After the first wave, the second wave was commenced by working in factories and focusing on products and selling them in the market. In other words, the product-oriented and market-oriented stages were signs of industrial age; meanwhile, tangible assets were taken into account as important factors in the factories or organizations. The third wave in human life was started when the human found that by inventing computer and vast usage of computer and internet in changing traditional jobs, only knowledge and talent will be important in digital era. Thus, the human became familiar with the subjects such as knowledge-based organizations, learning organizations, knowledge management, talent management, and so on. After that, a belief gradually formed in the minds of most managers and even some employees at the different organizations that their success will be achieved by relying on knowledge and talent as intangible assets. Therefore, the human found out that tangible assets are not the only key for productivity and profitability and focusing on intangible assets will be helpful for future business. So, the paradigm shift and change in approaches was commenced more than before. Although there are many advances in technology and science in different areas of knowledge, there are many hazards for the employees of the electric distribution companies especially those who work on the electric overhead lines and/or underground cables, this study aims to reveal the role of knowledge management in identifying the hazards, and by documenting the experiences resulting in the accidents, better recommendations on working the medium and low voltage networks have been presented in the current research.


Digitalization, as a popular issue in banking, is changing the way of doing business with new business models resulting in a change in employment structure, business development and sales/marketing. Digital platforms utilize operational efficiency, data intensive and even artificial intelligence driven risk management and decision making processes. This change has led to repercussions in organizational structures of banks, sectoral regulations and policy development perspectives. With respect to that, in this study, structured interviews are conducted with seven Turkish top bank managers to provide feedbacks and policy recommendations from the field that support the aforementioned change in banking.


This essay emanates from a talk that was given to the Defense Trial Counsel of Indiana at its annual meeting's luncheon. The good thing about talking about civility, particularly at lunch, is that no one dare heckle or throw food. Beyond the obvious constraints against rude behavior inherent in the medium, we sense a genuine openness to the topic. Defense counsel, in particular, feel besieged by what they perceive to be uncivil behavior, and welcome affirmation about the nature of the problem and some suggestions for solutions. More generally, one can argue that the lack of civility in legal culture signals a crisis for the profession as a whole - a crisis that has the potential to undermine our goals and values.


The HIV pandemic continues to be a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa. The number of HIV/AIDS patients is increasing annually and there are no specialised oral health institutions that provide oral health care to HIV/AIDS patients. The purpose of the study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and infection control practices of third, fourth and fifth year dental students towards patients living with the HIV/AIDS at the Medunsa Oral Health Centre (MOHC). This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 139 dental students at MOHC, using self-administered questionnaire. Stata IC/10 was used for data analysis. The response rate was 86%. The participants' age range was between 20-39 years, with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD 3.9 years) and 51.7% were females. Fourth-year dental students represented a larger proportion (39.2%) as compared to the third and fifth-year groups. The majority of the participants (79.2%) were blacks. About 37.9% of the participants resided in urban areas. Over half (55.8%) had no previous training in HIV/AIDS. Participants' gender [(OR = 2.97; 95%CI = 0.99 - 8.89) (P < 0.05)] and their attitude [(OR=1.22; 95%CI=1.03-1.44) (P < 0.05)] were found to be significant predictors of knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS. Levels of study (5th year) [(OR=7.60; 95%CI = 1.90-30.39) (p < 0.05)], and infection control practices [(OR=1.33; 95%CI=1.12-1.59) (p < 0.05)] were found to be significant predictors of attitude regarding HIV-positive patients. A significant but weak correlation was found between knowledge and attitude [(r=0.18) (p < 0.05)]. Whereas the same inference was established between attitude and infection control practices [(r=0.29) (p < 0.005)]. The findings suggest that dental students at the MOHC have good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and positive attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients. The students also demonstrated good infection control practices. To maintain the current position, it is recommended that the dental curriculum be further reinforced with infection control modules so that even new students are always at a better advantage.


I NEED hardly remind you that the genius of Hunter was not limited to the field of surgery and general pathology, but that he devoted some of his attention also to subjects connected with obstetrics. Thus his name is immortalised in the description of the several parts of the dccidua of the gravid uterus, and especially in that term decidua serotina, whose late Latinity is apt to perplex students having minds imbued with classical models of a purer age. No one


In this study, in-plane natural frequencies of stepped circular beams are presented. The material of the beam is considered to be isotropic, homogeneous and elastic. The effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia are considered in the necessary assumptions and formulations. The obtained canonical form of governing equations is solved numerically by the complementary functions method (CFM) in the Laplace domain. To obtain the natural frequencies of the considered structures the Laplace parameter is replaced with the parameter of free vibration. The 5 th order Runge Kutta (RK5) algorithm is applied to solve the initial-value problem based on the CFM. To examine the in-plane free vibration of Timoshenko beams with stepped circular cross-section a program is coded in FORTRAN. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the current scheme, present results are compared with those of literature.  The accuracy and efficiency of the presented results are observed.


For non‐English speaking migrants, English proficiency will continue to be one of the most important criteria for optimal participation in Australian life. Even within the framework of multicultural Australia, English will remain the lingua franca. This paper critically reviews the provision of Adult English as a Second Language (ESL) in three Australian states: New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The findings indicate that the two main providers of ESL teaching, Technical and Further Education (TAFE) and Adult Migrant Education Service (AMES) need to be either integrated or better coordinated. Gaps in the provision of courses and duplication of services were identified. In addition, the paper indicates a need for continuity of courses from an introductory level to a high level of proficiency in occupational specialisations. Restructuring of ESL provision could be cost effective; however, an expansion of services is desperately needed to ensure genuine access and equity for all migrants, both...


Beginning with the 1974-75 season, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) undertook a three-year experiment to decentralize through a market process the selection of programs to be broadcast over the national noncommercial television network. The experimental market, called the Station Program Cooperative (SPC), enables each of the approximately 150 participating stations to "vote with dollars" for the programs they prefer, based on information about the subject matter, quality and costs of the alternatives. The SPC had two purposes. The first was to determine whether a decentralized market mechanism for acquiring national programming can be established that, first, has a reasonable cost and, second, retains the basic features of a network. A network is a means of centralizing the acquisition, transmission and promotion of programming. Although the advantages of networking are several, probably the most important is that it saves substantial transactions cost in comparison to the two other alternatives: syndication (in which each station negotiates for nationally distributed programs with the owner of the rights to the program) and localism (in which each station produces its own programming). (See Bruce Owen, Jack Beebe and Willard Manning.) The second purpose of the SPC is to determine its impact upon the types of programs that are broadcast. Centralized programming authorities such as the present commercial networks and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, because they are few in number, are relatively easy targets for political pressure with respect to program content, may at least tacitly collude in programming decisions, and in any event, have limited experience concerning the nature of the demand for programs in all markets in the network system. (See Noll, Merton Peck and John McGowan, Ch. 8.) Because of the cost advantages of networking and the technical barriers to entry of new networks, in principle a network can produce an inefficient programming mix and still meet minimum standards of profitability or, in the case of the noncommercial sector, public acceptability. Concomitantly, station managers may be too unsophisticated about judging programming quality and sensing the structure of demand in the local market to select programming that, in benefit-cost terms, is "better" than that selected by a centralized decision maker. While direct evidence on which system works better is not possible to acquire, two useful questions can be answered, at least in principle: (1) Do the SPC and centralized decision making lead to the selection of different programs, and if so, is that difference systemmatic? and (2) XVhich system produces higher audience * California Institute of Technology. Financial support for preparing this paper was provided by the National Science Foundation RANN program, grant #APR76-01920. We are indebted to Richard Beatty and PBS for providing us with remarkably complete data for all three SPCs. We are, of course, solely responsible for the contents of this paper.


Objective: to examine the influence of rhBMP-2 in bucco-facial grafts, presenting recent research on animals and humans, as well as different approaches to clinical application and the results obtained by the authors. Literature Review: to allow either the installation of implants or the correction of bone defects, high quality bone tissue is required. Otherwise, the chances of success in osseointegration procedures and bucco-facial rehabilitation that aim to provide the patient with the bone volume lost are greatly reduced. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are osteoinductive substances and have been used in bone regeneration. The search for materials presenting characteristics similar to those achieved with autograft, aiming to reduce morbidity in procedures of restoration of lost bone structures, allowed research to develop toward synthetic materials, such as the rhBMP-2, which is the main morphogenetic protein inducer of bone tissue. Final Considerations: further studies are needed to analyze the feasibility and success of the application of these proteins. Hence, it may be observed that these proteins play an important role in bone formation.


Past research has suggested that social support can reduce the negative psychological consequences associated with infertility. Online discussion boards (ODBs) appear to be a novel and valuable venue for men with fertility problems to acquire support from similar others. Research has not employed a social support framework to classify the types of support men are offered and receive. Using template, content, and thematic analysis, this study sought to identify what types of social support men seek and receive on online infertility discussion boards while exploring how men having fertility problems use appraisal support to assist other men. One hundred and ninety-nine unique users were identified on two online infertility discussion boards. Four types of social support (appraisal, emotional, informational, and instrumental) were evident on ODBs, with appraisal support (36%) being used most often to support other men. Within appraisal support, five themes were identified that showed how men communicate this type of support to assist other men: "At the end of the day, we're all emotionally exhausted"; "So much of this could be me, infertility happens more than you think"; "I've also felt like the worst husband in the world"; "It's just something that nobody ever talks about so it's really shocking to hear"; "I say this as a man, you're typing my thoughts exactly." These findings confirm how ODBs can be used as a potential medium to expand one's social network and acquire support from people who have had a similar experience.


A comprehensive mathematical model of full blast furnace with top gas recycling was established. The model consists of the calculation equations for gas composition of four zones (hearth, belly, lower shaft. top) in the blast furnace, the thermo-chemical balance model, the energy balance model of hot stand-by zone of the blast furnace and the shaft efficiency model. By using the model, the new process was calculated. The results show that coke rate and coal rate of the new process are both 200 kg/thm, fuel rate is decreased by 22.8% compared with that of conventional blast furnace. In addition, theoretical combustion temperature decreases with increasing hearth-recycle gas quantity. Increasing of hearth-recycle gas quantity by 10 m3/thm decreases theoretical combustion temperature by 10.0 K. Furthermore, the model could be applied to calculate the operating parameters when the raw materials and fuel conditions are different, and the change laws of operating parameters under the same raw materials and fuel conditions could also be studied with this model.


We propose an approach for the fast computation of reachable sets of road vehicles while considering dynamic obstacles. The obtained reachable sets contain all possible behaviors of vehicles and can be used for motion planning, verification, and criticality assessment. The proposed approach precomputes computationally expensive parts of the reachability analysis. Further, we partition the reachable set into cells and construct a directed graph storing which cells are reachable from which cells at preceding time steps. Using this approach, considering obstacles reduces to deleting nodes from the directed graph. Although this simple idea ensures an efficient computation, the discretization can introduce considerable over-approximations. Thus, the main novelty of this paper is to reduce the over-approximations by intersecting reachable sets propagated from multiple points in time. We demonstrate our approach on a large range of scenarios for automated vehicles showing a faster computation time compared to previous approaches while providing the same level of accuracy.


The use of hydrated lime or other liquid anti-stripping agents (ASA) is the most common method to improve the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes. However, most laboratory test conditions used to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of the mixes are only for a short duration of time. This might not be a good representation of the field conditions (i.e., several months or years of service). Thus, a study to evaluate the effects of conditioning the mixes for longer duration was initiated. Also, another problem with the use of the liquid anti-stripping agents is their heat storage capability. This paper addresses these two issues, by preparing and testing mixtures made with fresh binder for indirect tensile strengths after conditioning the samples for 1, 7, 28, 90 and 180 days, and samples prepared from binder stored for 3 days at 163C after conditioning them for 1, 28 and 90 days. The results of this limited study indicated that lime and the liquid anti-stripping agents were equally effective for the mixes used in this research when conditioned beyond 1 day. In case of samples prepared from stored binder, there was no significant difference in the effectiveness of lime and the liquid anti-stripping agents even after conditioning for 1 day. Though it was observed that none of the ASA treatments performed better than others in case of samples prepared with stored binder, it was also observed that almost all mixes gave significantly similar wet ITS and TSR values as samples prepared from fresh binder.


We read with great interest the recent report by Atilla et al.1 showing posttransplant erythrocytosis (PTE) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT). Because the small number of cases has limited the impact of their conclusion, we would like to present the clinical features of our adult patients who developed erythrocytosis after alloHSCT. The study included 1540 patients who underwent alloHSCT in our institution between 1986 and 2014. Patients who had a history of pretransplant erythrocytosis, those who smoked after alloHSCT, or patients who relapsed after alloHSCT were not included in this analysis. Erythrocytosis was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) level >18.5 g/dL in males and >16.5 g/dL in females, based on the WHO 2008 definition.2 Patients with a Hb level >17.0 g/dL in males or >15.0 g/dL in females and who had an increased Hb level of 2 g/dL or an elevated red cell mass (125%) compared to the individual's baseline value were included. Seven patients were diagnosed with PTE (Table 1). The primary diseases were aplastic anemia (AA) (n = 4) and myelodysplastic syndrome refractory anemia (MDS (RA)) (n = 3). The median time from alloHSCT to the diagnosis of PTE was 776 days (range 2921561 days). Erythropoietin (EPO) levels were within the normal limit (median: 7.5 mU/mL, range 2.812.4 mU/mL), and the JAK2V617F mutation was not detected in any patients. No patients had leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, hyperviscosity symptoms, or splenomegaly. One patient developed Grade 0I acute graftversushost disease (GVHD), and Grade IIIV acute GVHD was observed in six patients. Four patients had chronic GVHD, and one patient was receiving calcineurin inhibitors (CIs) at the time of diagnosis of PTE. Six patients not taking CIs were diagnosed at a median of 370 days (range 165993 days) after the withdrawal of CIs. All causes for secondary polycythemia were ruled out by relevant investigations. Only one patient was managed with phlebotomies. Regarding the pathogenesis of PTE in renal recipients, excess EPO release from the native kidneys and nonEPO factors such as insulinlike growth factor1 may promote erythrocytosis.3 In the setting of


AIM
To investigate the chemical constituents of the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia.

METHODS
Chromatography techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents. EI-MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR and DEPT were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.

RESULTS
Three alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia, and were identified as imperialine (I), imperialine-beta-N-oxside (II), isoverticine-beta-N-oxide (III).

CONCLUSION
Isoverticine-beta-N-oxide was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia for the first time. Isoverticine-beta-N-oxide is a new alkaloid.


Building method of GM(1,1) is troduced firstly,according to million man-hour accident time of aconctruction enterprise prediction model is built,then model calculation value is compared with pratication value,difference is figured out.finally,accident development times of future five year is predicted.


Two_dimensional air_cylinder photonic crystals were fabricated based on silicon by using the multiplex inductively coupled plasma system supplied by STS company . Photonic band gap was theoretically calculated by using the finite different t ime domain (FDTD) method, and the reflection spectrum was measured experimentall y using the microscope infrared spectrometer instrument. We find that the reflec tion measurements are in good agreement with the theoretically expected behaviour.


The Serra Verde REE (rare earth elements) deposit located in Goiás and Tocantins provinces of Brazil is one of ion-adsorption type deposits found outside of China. The REE ores are weathered granitic rocks and sediments underlain by the Serra Dourada Granite consisting of alkali granite and gneissic granite. The granites are high in REE (300 –1300 ppm, approximately) and contains different REE-bearing minerals such as bastnaesite-(Ce), allanite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), apatite and zircon. In this study, we report abundances of REE-bearing minerals in the granites and relationship with ion-adsorption type ore formation because a percentage of ion-exchangeable REE in the ores is influenced by assemblage of REE-bearing minerals in the parent granitic rocks.


There is increased awareness of transgender physical and mental health widely and in academic research. A significant proportion of transgender men will retain their cervix with an increased risk of cervical cancer. In this review of cervical cancer screening among transgender men, we try to estimate how many transgender men still have a cervix, understand to identify challenges and barriers to cervical screening and propose possible solutions. Organised cervical screening programmes need to consider the needs of this population, in particular the provision of HPV self‐sampling.


The goal of this paper is to describe the effects of the induction of long term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate granule cells of the hippocampus of the maturing rat brain. These effects will be quantified using paired pulse index analysis (PPI), a measure of the local circuit modulation of cellular excitability in the brain. In an effort to quantify these effects, LTP was induced using high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapse in freely behaving 10-12 day old, male Sprague-Dawley rats. The preliminary data shows a change in synaptic efficacy after the induction of LTP signifying that local circuit modulation is occurring.


The objectives of this research are as follows: To know the service quality towards customer satisfaction in Front Office department. To know the relationship service quality Front Office department. Quality provides an impetus to customers to establish strong ties with the company. In the long term bond these relationships allow companies to understand carefully the customer's expectations and requirements. Thus, companies can increase customer satisfaction. Quality of service and customer satisfaction closely related company. The higher the level of satisfaction results produce higher customer satisfaction, which helps high prices and a reduction in spending. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at the Grand Aston City Hall Medan. The author uses the technique sample of 100 people and the research method used is descriptive analysis method, correlation coefficient, determinant coefficient, simple linear regression Results from this study is there the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction at the Grand Aston City Hall Medan. From the correlation test, there is a positive relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction at the Grand Aston City Hall Medan. Variable Y (Customer Satisfaction) is affected by the variable X (Quality of Service) of 29.4% and the remaining 70.6% is influenced by other factors. Linear regression formula is Y = 21.919 + 0,448X. It can be concluded that the higher the variable X (Quality of Service), the higher the variable Y (Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction). If there is no quality of service, the customer satisfaction will be at 21.919. If an increase in the quality of services in one unit, then customer satisfaction will be increased in 0.448. Most respondents agree with the quality of service at the Grand Aston City Hall Medan. In addition, most of the respondents agree with customer satisfaction at the Grand Aston City Hall Medan.


Abstract Vibrations of micro/nanobeams that are subjected to initial stresses due to mismatch between different materials or thermal stresses are important in some devices. The present study is an attempt to present nonlinear free vibration of simply supported size-dependent functionally graded (FG) nanobeams resting on elastic foundation and under precompressive axial force. It is assumed that the material properties of FG materials are graded in the thickness direction. The partial differential equation of motion, which is simplified into an ordinary differential equation using the Galerkin method, is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, von Karman geometric nonlinearity, and Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The final ordinary differential equation is solved using the variational iteration method. The effects of geometrical parameters, small-scale parameter, elastic coefficient of foundation, precompressive axial force, and neutral axis location on dimensionless nonlinear natural frequencies are investigated. In this study, the buckling and postbuckling behavior of FG nanobeams and the effect of neutral axis location on buckling behavior are investigated as well. Results show that the effects of small scale on FG nanobeam frequencies change with the aspect ratio, the values of radius of gyration, and the values of compressive axial force. It is also found that the influence of neutral axis location on the nonlinear fundamental frequency of prestressed FG nanobeams is more than that of prestressed FG nanobeams resting on elastic foundation.


Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of staging treatment on acute ankle sprain.Methods:80 cases of qualified patients were randomly divided into two groups.Treatment group was treated by the method of staging treatment,the control group was treated by the method of Chinese traditional medicine for oral taken and external use.Compared the clinical symptomatic scores in different time points before and after the treatment,analyze the clinical efficacy through the statistics.Results:There is significant difference between the two groups on the clinical symptomatic scores after tow weeks treatment,the treatment group was obviously better than control group in the aspect of improving clinical symptoms,improving the curative ratio,shortening the recovery time.Conclusion:It can significantly shorten course and raise recovery rates if acute ankle sprain accept the treatment by stages treatment.


In order to define the relation existing between the ploidy levels of the regenerated root meristems and those of the initial explants in vitro cultures of foliar discs arising from tobacco plants of different kinds of ploidy levels have been performed on the gelified medium of Murashige and Skoog modified with addition of sucrose, glutamine and indoleacetic acid. Under such conditions, numerous roots were always initiated. Foliar discs were excised from two varieties of Nicotiana tabacum L., each variety possibly being under two forms: cv. Wisconsin 38: haploid (n) androgenetic plants, diploid (2n) plants arising from seeds; cv. Xanthi: diploid (2n) plants arising from seeds, tetraploid (4n) plants previously regenerated in vitro.The histological origin of the neoformed roots was established, then the DNA contents were measured by means of a microspectrophotometer. For every kind of initial explant, ploidy levels were successively examined at the level of the apical meristem of the mother plant, in the f...


The author discusses her interactive architectural installation art. As an artist who works with new media, she finds herself refitting existing genres and creating new languages for her particular art form. Her artwork consists of projected interactive computer animation installations. She investigates illusions that transform the viewer's perception of actual space in a synthesis of the real and the virtual.