Objective:To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the evidence regarding the relation of apolipoprotein E(apo E)polymorphism to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Methods: Medline (1995 to February 2005) and China Hospital Knowledge Databases (1994 to May 2005 ) were retrieved and meta-analysis was conducted. Results:Data from 1841 eligible CHD patients and 1939 control subjects were analyzed. Compared with individuals with E3/ 3 genotype,carriers of apoE E4 allele had a 44% high risk for CHD (OR,1. 44[95%CI,1. 01-2. 06]). E2 allele had no significant association with CHD risk (OR,1. 01 [95%CI,0. 71-1. 44]). Conclusion: ApoE polymorphism is associated with the susceptivity of CHD. ApoE E 4 allele is a significant risk factor for CHD in Chinese population.


It has been previously demonstrated that large wheat canopies are more prone to lodging than smaller canopies and it has been suggested that this is because of the plant's response to changes in the light environment. However, it is unclear whether plants are responding to reduced light quantity (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) or reduced light quality (red:far-red, R:FR). Two glasshouse experiments were designed, using shading materials and supplementary light, to manipulate PAR and R:FR independently, so that the response of lodging-associated characters of wheat could be ascribed to the different aspects of shade. The increase in lodging susceptibility associated with mutual plant shading was found to be because of both PAR and R:FR. Calculated stem failure wind speed and its component traits responded to shading entirely through their response to reductions in PAR. Ear number, which led to differences in plant leverage, was also explained by differences in PAR. In contrast, calculated anchorage failure wind speed and rooting traits demonstrated additional responses to R:FR, over and above those to PAR. Thus, the aspect of mutual plant shading responsible for increased lodging susceptibility of wheat varied between stem and root traits. PAR was solely responsible for changes in stem traits associated with lodging but R:FR played a role in determining rooting traits that affect the anchorage capacity of wheat plants.


This thesis explores, through interviews, the journalistic norms that influence news workers in Iraq. Investigating their views of news media, its role in providing a space for peaceful resolutions to conflict and the current state of the Iraqi media landscape. After the defeat of ISIS and the prospects of the terrorist organization as a viable force in the region have diminished, old fault lines have resurfaced between ethnic, sectarian and political groups. How journalists chart these complex issues is the primary focus of this thesis. The qualitative interviews are interpreted through Qualitative content analysis, dependent on theories drawn from Journalism studies. The main theoretical perspectives employed in the study consists of Peace Journalism and the Liberal Model. The former can be claimed to situate the actor at the center of reporting, taking an active role in choosing which frames should be salient in an effort to resolve the conflict. The latter, propagates an objective distance to that which is reported, without commenting or slanting a thing called news. Analysis of the material address- es themes of independent media, funding, security, and fragmentation of the media space. How local media should operate in conflict areas is also discussed. What the analysis shows is advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical perspectives and their ability to explain as well as categorize the contextual constraints that Iraqi news workers contend with. (Less)


In higher level of engineering education, the training of single development process in the field of product development is no longer sufficient, because our students are employed in such jobs that they need to be able to understand the customer's perspective and the company's business goals in addition to the technical design process. Our purpose is to educate engineering professionals for the future who have a design method tool kit, from which they select tools with apt combination for the future task. The focus of this study is to prototype different learning solution, in which the learning goals and education approach is changed. The learning goal is that every student is skilled with ten methods, familiar with at least 30 methods and is able to find even more methods. The students are trained to identify the key approach of the method and evaluate its suitability for the present task. In the beginning of the course, students are allowed to choose the subject for their product concept. In the second design session, we make an intervention by presenting "Six Deadly Sins in Product Development". Then we motivate the students by explaining that the methods help to avoid the common pitfalls. In the design studio, descriptions of 30 different methods have been placed on the walls. The methods are grouped according to their purpose to enable efficient choosing. We ask students to choose methods for a tool kit that they can answer to all mentioned common pitfalls.


Fibrosis in the lung directly underlying the field of irradiation is an almost universal long term sequelae of thoracic irradiation. It is assumed to represent the consequence of direct damage to local tissues and/or vascular endothelium by ionizing radiation. This view, however, is not in keeping with our current understanding of fibrotic processes, which suggest that growth factors for fibroblasts (including platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I)) and cytokines stimulating collagen synthesis (notably transforming growth factor‐beta) are largely responsible for this process. Since a major source of these factors is the macrophage, present in large numbers within the lung, it appeared possible that radiation‐induced fibrosis might be mediated by similar mechanisms. Therefore, a study was designed to determine, first, whether in vitro irradiation of mononuclear phagocytes could induce the release of growth factors for fibroblasts. Second, we wished to ascertain whether these same growth factors might also be secreted by bronchoalveolar cells from humans who had undergone in vivo thoracic irradiation.The results of this study indicate that irradiation of a number of different types of mononuclear phagocytes resulted in the dose‐dependent synthesis and release of several growth factors for fibroblasts, including PDGF, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and IGF‐I. Further, cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from patients undergoing thoracic radiation spontaneously released PDGF following irradiation. These findings strongly support the contention that synthesis and release of macrophage‐derived growth factors for fibroblasts (particularly PDGF and IGF‐I) occur after thoracic irradiation and play a significant role in the pathogenesis of irradiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in humans.


AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES GOSS, JHERMEL T. B.A. CLARION UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, 2004 IMPACT OF MENTORSHIP ON AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENT SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY AT KAPPA STATE UNIVERISTY Advisor: Professor Josephine Bradley Thesis dated July, 2010 This research study was conducted over the course of a year and a half. The researcher attempted to draw parallels between mentorship, student satisfaction, and retention. The researcher surveyed 40 African-American students at a predominantly white university (PWI) in Pennsylvania. The 40 African-American students were divided into two groups of 20 with students assigned to a mentoring program at the university and the other 20 remained as general members of the student body. The goal of the survey was to garner the levels of satisfaction experienced by African-American students pertaining to a number of issues that make up their student experience and how that relates to their re-enrollment. The results of both groups surveys were compared to demonstrate the impact, or lack thereof, of mentorship on satisfaction, academic success, their re-enrollment. The conclusion drawn from the findings of this research indicate mentorship has little impact on the satisfaction levels of African-American students at Kappa State University. IMPACT OF MENTORSHIP ON AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDENT SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY AT KAPPA STATE UNIVERSITY


Dark matter is a key piece of the current cosmological scenario, with weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) a leading dark matter candidate. WIMPs have not been detected in their conventional parameter space (100 GeV ≲M χ ≲ 100 TeV), a mass range accessible with current Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. As ultraheavy dark matter (UHDM; M χ ≳ 100 TeV) has been suggested as an underexplored alternative to the WIMP paradigm, we search for an indirect dark matter annihilation signal in a higher mass range (up to 30 PeV) with the VERITAS γ-ray observatory. With 216 hr of observations of four dwarf spheroidal galaxies, we perform an unbinned likelihood analysis. We find no evidence of a γ-ray signal from UHDM annihilation above the background fluctuation for any individual dwarf galaxy nor for a joint-fit analysis, and consequently constrain the velocity-weighted annihilation cross section of UHDM for dark matter particle masses between 1 TeV and 30 PeV. We additionally set constraints on the allowed radius of a composite UHDM particle.


Using data on Wages Council coverage from the United Kingdom New Earnings Survey, the authors examine the impact of mandated minimum wages on wage dispersion and employment in the United Kingdom in the 1980s. They find evidence that a dramatic decline in the toughness of the regulation imposed by the Wages Councils through the 1980s—a decline, that is, in the level of the minimum wage relative to the average wage—significantly contributed to widening wage dispersion over those years. There is, however, no evidence of an increase in employment resulting from the weakening bite of the Wages Council minimum pay rates. Instead, consistent with the conclusions of several recent U.S. studies, the findings suggest that the minimum wage had either no effect or a positive effect on employment.


In this paper we propose a new iterative algorithm for the solution of a certain class of double obstacle problems. Such problems arise in the modeling of a variety of physical phenomena and usually involve the determination of an unknown free boundary. Here we describe a way of locating the free boundary directly and provide a proof that the algorithm converges when used with analytic methods. The advantage of this algorithm is that it can be used in conjunction with any numerical method with minimal development of extra code.


In this paper we examine a two-person agency model in which decisionmaking responsibilities have been delegated to a subordinate who has better information than the superior.' We first study the welfare effects of allowing the subordinate to participate in the management control process. We then study the welfare effects of varying the amount of the subordinate's private information in the presence of such a participative management control system. Many commonly used management control procedures involve participation. These include: bottom-up budgeting, management by objectives, and participative standard-setting. Each of these procedures allows the subordinate to negotiate with the superior over the design of the former's performance evaluation system and payment schedule. For example, the subordinate can negotiate over the standards or budget against which his actual performance will be compared. Thus, participation is a negotiation process. In a participative setting each individual chooses his negotiation strategy based on his own information. If, as we assume in this paper, the subordinate has better information than the superior, the subordinate may choose a strategy which reveals some of his private information.


Background: Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodymediated-enhanced platelet destruction. Chronic ITP was defined as thrombocytopenia persisting for more than 12 months. Previous studies have found that vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with the incidence and severity of certain autoimmune diseases. Objective: This study aimed to detect the frequency and role of VDR gene polymorphisms on pathogenesis of chronic ITP in children. Patients and methods: A case control study that was conducted at Hematology Unit of Pediatric, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Departments at Zagazig University Hospital during a period from November 2017 until November 2018. The study was conducted on 40 participants divided into two groups: case group including 20 children with chronic ITP (8males and 12 females) and control group including 20 age- and sexmatched healthy children (6males and 14females). Results: This study showed that the patients' group had a lower serum vitamin D level than the control group with a statistical significant difference (24.2 ± 9.64 ng/ml and 33.75 ± 11.1 ng/ml respectively). There was also a highly significant difference between chronic ITP cases and control regarding distribution of SNP of VDR gene (Cdx2) where GG was founded in 65% of ITP cases versus 35% in control. Also, AA was founded in 30 % of control versus 5% of cases. Conclusion: Vitamin D receptor gene (Cdx2) polymorphism was found to be associated with higher incidence of chronic childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Also chronic ITP in children was found to be associated with lower level of serum vitamin D.


Context: Circulating testosterone (T) and GH/IGF-I are diminished in healthy aging men. Short-term administration of high doses of T augments GH secretion in older men. However, effects of long-term, low-dose T supplementation on GH secretion are unknown. Objective: Evaluate effects of long-term, low-dose T administration on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics and AM concentrations of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in healthy older men (65-88 yr, n=34) with low-normal testosterone and IGF-I. Design: In a double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized study, we assessed effects of low-dose T supplementation (100 mg IM every 2 weeks) for 26 weeks on nocturnal GH secretory dynamics (8 PM-8 AM, q20 min sampling, analyzed by multiparameter deconvolution and Approximate Entropy (ApEn) algorithms). Results: T administration increased serum total T by 33 % (P = 0.004) and E2 by 31% (p=0.009), and decreased SHBG by 17% (p = 0.002), versus placebo. T supplementation increased nocturnal integrated GH concentrations by 60 % (P = 0.02), and pulsatile GH secretion by 79%, (P = 0.05), primarily due to a two-fold increase in GH secretory burst mass (P = 0.02), and a 1.9 fold increase in basal GH secretion rate (P = 0.05), versus placebo. There were no significant changes in GH burst frequency or orderliness of GH release (ApEn). IGF-I levels increased by 22 % (P = 0.02) with no significant change in IGFBP-3 levels, after T versus placebo. Conclusions: Low-dose T supplementation for 26 weeks increases spontaneous nocturnal GH secretion and morning serum IGF-I concentrations in healthy older men.


The use of speech is expected to make the human-computer interaction more natural and efficient than it has been so far. Many successful speech applications have been constructed, but speech is still far from being the most common input and output modalities. In order to successfully construct speech applications, system designers and implementers must know the nature of speech, the characteristics of the underlying technology and interaction techniques and models that are suitable for speech-based human-computer communication. In this chapter the most important issues of speech applications from this viewpoint are presented. synthesis are discussed from the application development perspective. Technical presentation is omitted and the focus is on those issues which have an impact on speech-based human-computer interaction. For a technical introduction, a guidebook such as [Huang et al., 2001] is recommended. After the technology overview, an introduction to speech applications is presented. This includes conventional speech applications, such as telephony systems, and new application areas, such as multimodal and pervasive applications. Applications are presented from the viewpoint of application development, including interface issues and the underlying system architecture. The last two sections present application design principles and evaluation methods. Issues such as the nature of speech and speech-based communication, evaluation metrics and empirical experiments are also presented. Although speech is the most natural form of communication between humans, it has several limitations when used in interaction between humans and computers. Some of its advantages which are present in human-human communication cannot be used in human-computer interaction. There are multiple reasons for this, both technical shortcomings and those which are related to the nature of speech as a communication modality. In many cases, communication is not based on the best possible solutions, but instead the technology limits choices and even dictates the design [Mane et al., 1996]. In order to successfully use speech in the interface, we must know the state of the art and reality of speech technologies, as well as what kind of interface element speech is. First, it is important to realize that speech-based human-computer interaction is different from written language and spoken communication between humans. Secondly, speech technology has many technical limitations, and it is not realistic to believe that these will disappear in the near future. In this section those issues of speech technology which affect spoken interaction are presented. Speech can be structured in many different ways depending on its use. One useful …


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for forming a tubular body, particularly a rotary cylinder processing method and apparatus. The rotary cylinder processing method comprising the steps of: rotating the steel pipe around the axis itself, the machining rollers toward the radial direction centering steel pipe, steel pipe with a contact pressure is generated at the same time, also in the steel roller axial movement, rotation and radial direction of the steel pipe and the axial movement of the rollers may be steel spinning into various shapes and sizes. The rotary cylinder device comprising processing means: rotating the clamping mechanism is clamped steel pipe, the steel pipe is rotated about its own axis of the rotation mechanism, and causing axial and radial movement of the drive pipe along the processing roller occurs mechanism. This device uses only one processing roll, there is no problem of inertia; less area of contact with the workpiece roller, heat generated by friction is limited; processable different types of products.


This paper briefly reports on recent advances in the development of search engines for music and audio within the MiDiLiB project: while notify! is a tool for searching in symbolic music data like MIDI, audentify! allows to search in PCM audio.


Free parking search is one of the citizen's daily tasks which influences the most in the overall city performance. Pollution, traffic and productivity are deteriorated by cars looking for a place to park. In this paper, we propose the use of one of the features present in today's mobile phones, the magnetometer, to get a real-time map about free spaces in the street. We will demonstrate the viability of our work and preliminary results showing how the magnetometer "feels" the surrounding environment.


Introduction: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare, highly malignant neoplasm, usually found in children and adolescents, with low survival rate. Case Report: A 29-year-old female presented with pain in the right side of the thorax and progressive breathlessness of one month duration. Chest radiograph showed a large homogenous opacity in upper zone of right lung with ipsilateral pleural effusion. Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest revealed a right sided pleural effusion and a mass with lobulated margins, size of 92x84x92 mm in the upper right lobe. In pleural effusion malignant cells were found. Bronchoscopic examination revealed extrinsic compression of right upper lobe bronchus, and no malignant cells were found in biopsy specimens. Transthoracic MSCT guided biopsy of the mass histologically revealed small, round cells, with hyperchromatic nuclei, immunohistochemically positive for CD99, NSE and CD56, which confirmed the PNET. Positron emission tomography (PET) presented upper lobe of the right lung enhancement. Octreoscan showed pathological accumulation of radiopharmaceuticals in the right upper lung lobe and mediastinum, indicated a lesion with the expression of somatostatin receptor. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin and etoposide), and octreotide acetate. Post-therapy PET/CT showed progression of the tumor. Palliative radiotherapy was administered. Despite all, tumor progressed rapidly and the patient died eleven months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor is aggressive, with bad prognosis, therefore should be considered in the differential diagnosis of thoracic tumors regardless of the age of patient.


The impact that information diffusion has on epidemic spreading has recently attracted much attention. As a disease begins to spread in the population, information about the disease is transmitted to others, which in turn has an effect on the spread of disease. In this paper, using empirical results of the propagation of H7N9 and information about the disease, we clearly show that the spreading dynamics of the two-types of processes influence each other. We build a mathematical model in which both types of spreading dynamics are described using the SIS process in order to illustrate the influence of information diffusion on epidemic spreading. Both the simulation results and the pairwise analysis reveal that information diffusion can increase the threshold of an epidemic outbreak, decrease the final fraction of infected individuals and significantly decrease the rate at which the epidemic propagates. Additionally, we find that the multi-outbreak phenomena of epidemic spreading, along with the impact of information diffusion, is consistent with the empirical results. These findings highlight the requirement to maintain social awareness of diseases even when the epidemics seem to be under control in order to prevent a subsequent outbreak. These results may shed light on the in-depth understanding of the interplay between the dynamics of epidemic spreading and information diffusion.


Why Investors Have Chosen Mutual Funds Realities of Investing The Fidelity Fund Family Dealing with Fidelity Return, Risk and Performance Passive Investment Strategies Boosting Performance through Analysis Designing a Fund Switching System Market Timing How to Evaluate Investment Strategies Aggressive Fund Switching Strategies Tax Sheltering with Mutual Funds Fund Switching in Practice.


We show a spectral efficiency increase by combining constellation modulation and symbol mapping. The SE increases by 12.5% in theory and 6% in experiments for QPSK at a negligible SNR penalty for a BER=1×10-3.


The designs of productive situations process are characterized by technical and social dimensions that demand the involvement of actors in the explanation of the current problems and in making decisions about the future situation. This requires that the designers have instruments for communication and context of the situation in the design process for the different rationalities present in the project. The use of graphical computational tools, such as game engines, configured as an alternative tool due the graphic quality of this technology to create scenarios with a high degree of realism and integration of the human element in the design. This paper presents the development of a new plant for a Brazilian company of metal frames, conducted by a specific methodology for development of plant layout and modeling a virtual scenario using Game Engine CryEngine 2 of digital game Crysis (Crytek). This scenario was used in meetings with stakeholders during the design process to analyze the future plant. During the meeting the representatives of the company were able to navigate the virtual scenario by manipulating the Digital Human Model of Crysis. The results show the potential use of game engine as an alternative tool for simulating human, with high quality graphics, to design productive situations, not restricted the presentation of the final results of the project.


A good fix: the structure and chemical reactivity of a reduced form of CO(2) bonded to magnesium, XMg(η(2)-O(2)C)(-), is reported. Upon reaction with water it loses CO, while it adds CH(3) upon reaction with alkyl halides, thereby signifying nucleophilicity of the carbon atom in XMg(η(2)-O(2)C)(-) in S(N)2 reactions.


From July to October in 2006,Horqin cattle grazing behavior in Horqin grasslands under different grazing system was studied.The results showed that feed intake by Horqin cattle was highly selective,not only in the species of forage,but also in growing season.Cattles prefered to species or parts that are easy to digest,the proportion of Setaria viridis in diet in both grazing system was higher than 45%.The average stubble height of plant population after grazing had different performance in different grazing system and in different months.Under rotational grazing conditions,the performance was OctoberJulyAugustSeptember;under free grazing conditions,OctoberSeptemberAugustJuly.Under rotational grazing conditions,feedind line and feeding time were short,feed rate and feed intake were high,the time of rumination,resting and longer and standing was longer,times of defecation and urination was less.


Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), with the complete removal of enteral nutrition, results in marked changes in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) function and phenotype. Previous work shows that TPN results in a loss of intestinal epithelial cell-derived interleukin-7 (IL-7), and this loss may play an important role in development of such TPN-associated IEL changes. Methods:To further understand this relation, we generated a transgenic mouse (IL-7vill), which overexpresses IL-7 specifically in intestinal epithelial cells. We hypothesized that this localized overexpression would attenuate many of the observed TPN-associated IEL changes. Results:Our study showed that TPN administration led to significant changes in IEL phenotype, including a marked decline in the CD8αβ+, CD4+, and αβ-TCR+ populations. IEL basal proliferation decreased 1.7-fold compared with wild-type TPN mice. TPN administration in wild-type mice resulted in several changes in IEL-derived cytokine expression. IL-7vill mice given TPN, however, maintained IEL proliferation, and sustained normal IEL numbers and phenotype. Conclusions:We conclude that specific intestinal IL-7 overexpression significantly attenuated many IEL changes in phenotype and function after TPN administration. These findings suggest a mechanism by which TPN results in observed IEL changes.


Automatic API recommendations can liberate software developers from labor-intensive programming tasks. Collaborative filtering (CF) techniques, which have been proved to be superior to other classic techniques, are widely used in recommendation tasks such as music, book, and goods recommendations, but are rarely used in the recommendation of APIs. In this paper, we employ the hybrid of CF techniques to build an API recommendation system. More precisely, We treat the API recommendation task as an item recommendation problem, where method declarations are regarded as users, API calls are regarded as items. First, we use the memory-based CF technique to find the most similar projects, collect the most similar declarations, and take API calls used by the considered declarations together to generate a rating matrix. Next, we use the model-based CF technique to complete the missing values in the rating matrix, then a ranked list of APIs is generated based on the completed rating matrix and sent to the developers as a recommendation result. Experimental results show that compared with the state-of-the-art work, the proposed approach can achieve better performance in terms of a comprehensive set of metrics, such as Success Rate, Precision, Recall, MRR, and NDCG for the top-1, top-3 and top-5 recommended APIs.


The present invention relates to a patient interface identification system for identifying a patient interface that is suited for a face (16) of a user (18), comprising: a receiving unit (12) for receiving a test picture (14) including the face (16) of the user (18); a database (22) for storing reference picture including faces of other users, wherein each reference picture is referenced to a patient interface advice; a processing unit (24) for comparing the received test picture (14) with at least a subset of said reference pictures stored in the database (22), wherein comparing said test picture (14) with said subset of reference pictures includes a comparison of image based features of the user's face (16) and the other users' faces; and a user interface (26) for communicating a patient interface advice including information related to a patient interface that is suited for the face (16) of the user (18), which patient interface advice is based on the comparison of said test picture (14) with the subset of reference pictures stored in the database (22).


Mammary gland neoplasms are second in importance after skin tumours regarding their frequency of appearance. They are still mainly treated using surgery. However, when the change is malignant the disease process often returns to the scar site where metastases develops into the local lymph nodes and remote intrinsic organs, ultimately causing the animal's death. The high rate of recurrence and postoperative metases have encouraged the search for additional ways of treating animals and for selection methods which could ensure that they benefit from early chemotherapy or other therapeutic methods. Determining prognostic factors in canine mammary tumours which would allow further prognosis of the course of the disease, as well as selecting the most favourable treatment method has been the subject of numerous studies and is still of ongoing interest for veterinary oncology. The work reviews the literature on the prognostic value of: clinical and histopatological classification of mammary gland neoplasms, indicators of proliferate activity of tumour cells, DNA content in neoplasm cell nucleus and oncogenes expression.


The analysis of multiple dependent degradation processes is a challenging research work in the reliability field, especially for complex degradation with random jumps. To integrally handle the jump uncertainties in degradation and the dependence among degradation processes, we construct multi-dimensional Lévy processes to describe multiple dependent degradation processes in engineering systems. The evolution of each degradation process can be modeled by a one-dimensional Lévy subordinator with a marginal Lévy measure, and the dependence among all dimensions can be described by Lévy copulas and the associated multiple-dimensional Lévy measure. This Lévy measure is obtained from all its one-dimensional marginal Lévy measures and the Lévy copula. We develop the Fokker-Planck equations to describe the probability density in stochastic systems. The Laplace transforms of both reliability function and lifetime moments are derived. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate our models in lifetime analysis.


This research paper presents a new pattern for the espousal of SOA in small enterprises for the service delivery beyond the typical role of SOA and BPM for dynamic endorsement of the processes beyond the ordinary border-lines. In comparison with large enterprises, the presented framework can expose the fact that the improvements of service orientation and the fruits of process management can be confined for small business enterprises as well. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Business Process Management (BPM) in combination have been used for agility in services and dynamic process management for many years. The partnership of BPM and SOA has been fruitful by merging the benefits of both sides. These benefits are still being wallowed by the large sized enterprises, who can not only handle these large scale architectures using their vigorous work force but also have the enough budget to manage the ultimate expenses. In this paper, the key issues regarding the transformation of BPM and SOA partnership for small business enterprises has been elaborated.


This article reviews existing empirical research on the peak-and-end rule. This rule states that people's global evaluations of past affective episodes can be well predicted by the affect experienced during just two moments: the moment of peak affect intensity and the ending. One consequence of the peak-and-end rule is that the duration of affective episodes is largely neglected. Evidence supporting the peak-and-end rule is robust, but qualified. New directions for future work in this emerging area of study are outlined. In particular, the personal meanings associated with specific moments and with specific emotions should be assessed. It is hypothesised that moments rich with self-relevant information will dominate people's global evaluations of past affective episodes. The article concludes with a discussion of ways to measure and optimise objective happiness.


I n 2004, approximately 9 million whole-blood donors or approximately 3 percent of the US population donated 14.8 million allogeneic units of whole blood. The total number of allogeneic donations is adequate for the US blood supply, but there are seasonal, holiday, blood group, and geographic shortages that require a better inventory. The national goal should be to have red blood cell (RBC) units available in a sufficient quantity in all blood groups at all times and in all locations. Therefore, we need to build a sufficient inventory before the summer and before the December winter vacation, have good methods to shift units between different areas of the country and within a collection territory, and have a larger donor pool so that we can achieve a sufficient blood supply upon demand. The focus of this commentary is twofold. The first is to focus on a large group of interested blood donors, premenopausal women, who present to donate blood but are rejected on an ongoing basis because the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration acceptance standard of 12.5 g per dL (hematocrit [Hct] 38%), which is defined by the AABB Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services and the Code of Federal Regulations, is in the normal range for women. The second focus is on blood donation safety. The low end of normal for Hb concentration is 11.3 g per dL for African American women, 12.0 g per dL for Caucasian women, 12.5 g per dL for African American men, and 13.5 g per dL for Caucasian men. In addition to the Hb acceptance barrier for women, capillary blood samples are not uniform. In a recent study of 50 subjects, individual operators obtained a finger stick–derived blood sample from each hand and compared them. There was a mean Hb difference of 0.76 g per dL (2.25 Hct points) between the two hands, which is a 6 percent difference for a donor with a Hb concentration of 12.5 g per dL. This intradonor variation increases the donor deferral rate for women because the Hb measurement may be below the true value, but the intradonor variation is almost irrelevant for Caucasian men because the low end of normal in Caucasian men (13.5 g/dL) is 1.0 g per dL higher than the Hb acceptance cutoff (12.5 g/dL). In contrast, the same study found no intradonor difference when venous samples were collected from each arm. Two studies have also shown that donors deferred for low Hb have lower blood donor return rates. Custer and colleagues found that Hb deferrals decreased subsequent blood donations by 29 percent in repeat donors and by 68 percent in firsttime donors over a 5-year period, and Halperin and colleagues found that Hb deferrals decreased subsequent blood donations by 30 percent over 4.25 years. These two studies suggest that the loss of donations in donors deferred for low Hb over a 4to 5-year period is approximately 30 percent. In sum, the current Hb acceptance standard for women causes an immediate loss of blood units and also decreases the blood donor pool. What is the immediate loss in terms of allogeneic whole-blood donations? In the American Red Cross, there were 6.0 million allogeneic whole-blood donations in a 1-year period between October 24, 2006, and October 23, 2007. In the same time period, there were 0.61 million low-Hb deferrals in women, which is 10.1 percent of total donations. I reviewed 200 randomly chosen low-Hb deferrals in 2007 in our blood center, and of 194 deferred women, 147 (73.5%) were classified as having Hb levels that were within their normal range. Therefore, approximately 7.4 percent more donations (10.1 percent ¥ 73.5%) could potentially be accepted for allogeneic whole-blood donation if women with Hb levels in their normal range were permitted to donate. Premenopausal women are susceptible to iron depletion because of ongoing menstrual blood loss and pregnancies. They are further depleted when they donate whole blood because whole-blood donation is an iron depletion event. Six percent of women donating for the first time have no iron stores, increasing to 18 percent From the American Red Cross, Southeastern Michigan Region, Detroit, Michigan. Address reprint requests to: Bruce Newman, MD, American Red Cross, Southeastern Michigan Region, PO Box 33351, 100 Mack, Detroit, MI 48232; e-mail: email@example.com. Received for publication November 6, 2007; revision received November 19, 2007, and accepted November 21, 2007. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01664.x TRANSFUSION 2008;48:1032-1035.


In the education of ethnic minorities schools,cultural identity includes not only their own identity of national culture but also acceptance of other national cultures.When cultural identity refers to the culture of China's ethnic minorities,it means that those who master both languages can have a mutual understanding and acceptance of the culture of their mother tongue and the culture of the Chinese nation.It is great significant to research school educational practice and national cultural identity in constructing "integration of multi-cultures" in national schools and integration of educational resources.


Very interesting and illuminating is the study by Emmerich Raitz von Frentz, S.J., of St. L. M. Grignion de Montfort's Perfect Devotion to Mary. After setting forth the history, essence, and excellence of the Grignionian devotion he evaluates critically some of the difficulties: the possibility of the devotion, the problem of prayer through Mary, the connotation of holy servitude. The peculiar relation of the Mother of God to the Catholic priesthood is treated by Dominic Thalhammer, S.J. John Beumer, S.J., outlines the historical development of devotion to Mary as a sign and means of predestination. He explains the meaning of this prerogative, justifies it, and shows its theoretical and practical implications. These six papers on the influence of devotion to Mary on individual souls are followed by dissertations on three types of group veneration. The origin, life, and celebrations of the model Rosary Brotherhood at Einsiedeln are described by Rudolf Henggeler, O.S.B. The editor expounds the history and sanctifying power of the Sodality of our Lady. An interesting account of the Schönstatt movement is presented by Ferdinand Kastner, S.A.C. Carl Feckes delineates the historical background of the consecration of the Church and of the whole world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary by Pope Pius XII, indicates the dogmatic foundations on which it rests, and explains its significance. The final article by the editor explains the meaning of devotion to Mary, its obligation, its educational value, and its sources. Besides a fund of useful and interesting information this third volume offers the reader many a stimulating insight into Marian doctrine and cult. To the reader's disappointment, however, two topics of interest in presentday devotion to the Blessed Virgin are left untreated. The first is a theological explanation of the import and basis of reparation to the Immaculate Heart of Mary; the second, a formal and adequate treatment of the object, end, and acts of the same devotion. Perhaps a revised edition will satisfy the reader's interest.


Objective: To explore the changes of cerebral activity pre and after acupuncturing Taichong point.Methods: 26 patients with first-episode moderate depression diagnosed by DSM-IV diagnostic standard and 13 healthy volunteers were collected.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired pre and after acupuncture by 3.0 T MRI instrument,analyzed by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctions(fALFF) and functional connectivity analysis.The results of the two groups were tested by using paired t-test.Results: Compared with data scanned prior to acupuncture,fALFF value of post-acupuncture decreased significantly in right frontal lobe of control group,and in right superior frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,left superior frontal gyrus,bilateral inferior partietal lobule,right precuneus of depression group.The left anterior cingulate as seed had increased functional connectivity in left medial frontal gyrus,right superior frontal gyrus,right temporal lobe,left posterior cingulated,bilateral parietal lobe and bilateral caudate of depression group.Conclusion: Acupuncturing Taichong point can regulate the cerebral activity in several brain areas and some of them correlated with emotion,which may be the mechanism of acupuncture treatment for depression.


Game Theory in an Age of Terrorism (Ronald D. Fricker, Jr.).- Combining Game Theory and Risk Analysis in Counterterrorism: A Smallpox Example (David L. Banks, Steven Anderson).- Game-Theoretic and Reliability Methods in Counterterrorism and Security (Vicki Bier).- Biometric Authentication (David L. Banks).- Towards Statistically Rigorous Biometric Authentication Using Facial Images (Sinjini Mitra).- Recognition Problem of Biometrics: Nonparametric Dependence Measures and Aggregatd Algorithms (Andrew L. Rukhin).- Data Analysis Research Issues and Emerging Public Health Biosurveillance Directions (Henry Rolka).- Current and Potential Statsitical Methods for Monitoring Multiple Data Streams for Biosurveillance (Galit Shmueli, Stephen E. Fienberg).- Evaluating Statistical Methods for Syndromic Surveillance (Michael A. Stoto, Ronald D. Fricker, Jr., Arvind Jain, Alexis Diamond, John O. Davies-Cole, Chevelle Glymph, Gebreyesus Kidane, Garrett Lum, LaVerne Jones, Kerda Dehan, Christine Yuan).- A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Syndromic Data for Biosurveillance (Laura Forsberg, Caroline Jeffery, Al Ozonoff, Marcello Pagano).- Modeling and Simulation for Defense and National Security (Wendy L. Martinez).- Modeling and Parameterization for Smallpox Simulation Study (Sarah Michalak, Gregory Wilson).- Approaches to Modeling the Concentration Field for Adaptive Sampling of Contaminants During Site Decontamination (William K. Sieber, James S. Bennett, Abera Wouhib, Joe Fred Gonzalez, Jr., Myron J. Katzoff, Stanley A. Shulman).- Secure Statistical Analysis of Distributed Databases (Alan F. Karr, Xiaodong Lin, Ashish P. Sanil, Jerome P. Reiter).- Statistical Evaluation of the Impact of Background Supression on the Sensitivity of Passive Radiation Detectors (Tom Burr, James Gattiker, Mark Mullen, George Tompkins).


Recommender systems (or recommendation systems) represent a typical decision support system, aimed at supplying users optimal set of options, according to their interests and preferences. Typically user is being presented a list of choices obtained on the basis of algorithmic procedure, which typically employs available knowledge concerning users preferences and characteristics of options at hand. Though usually the most influential factor for the choice of recommendations is presented to the user, no relations between recommended options are frequently being explored.The aim of this paper is to address this issue and introduce novel method of generating descriptive explanations of recom-mender systems result via fuzzy linguistic summaries. Along with the sketch of the method its pilot implementation for movies recommendation is being provided. The discussion of obtained results is followed by areas of possible improvements and plans for further research.


Distribution transformer 8 at PPSDM Migas Cepu has a capacity of 500 kVA with load connected to boiler and refinery. The loading connected to the distribution transformer 8 is the majority of the 3-phase motor pump load and some 1-phase pump motors . In this case study measurements were made using the ampere pliers as the hypothesis of the current of each phase. From the measurement result there is imbalance of load between channel and also there is current value of neutral conductor side. And to know the content of harmonics on the distribution transformer, then measured with a power quality analyzer. The result of measurement with fluke quality 436 type fluke quality got result of measurement that current value at neutral conductor side equal to 14A. The value of load imbalance between conductor obtained by value of channel current R equal to 346A, in channel S equal to 306A, and in channel T equal to 318A. The THD value of the current obtained from the measurement with the power quality analyzer on the conductor side of R is 3.4%, on the conductor side S of 3.0%, and on the conductor side of T is 3.0%, and in the neutral channel is the greatest value of 29%. In the analysis of this chapter we get the result of imbalance loads of 4.6%, with the average loading of 45% of the total capacity of the transformer


The eastern North American population of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus plexippus) has different migratory routes. The majority fly to overwintering colonies in Mexico and others take an eastern route through Florida and Cuba. Monarchs migrating through Florida–Cuba do not overwinter and are mostly found nectaring and flying close to vegetation. This present study explores whether Florida–Cuba versus Mexican migrants differ in (1) phenotypic traits important for migration (e.g. wing size and condition, lipid and lean mass content, and reproductive status) and (2) migratory strategies. The monarch natal grounds (e.g. migrants versus residents) were determined through thin-layer chromatography cardenolide fingerprint and stable isotopes (hydrogen δ2H and carbon δ13C). In addition, wing size and condition, lipid and lean mass, and reproductive status were determined. The results suggest that Mexican migrants are better suited for longer sustained flights and successful overwinter periods as a result of larger wings in better condition, reproductive diapause, and significant fat content. By contrast, Florida–Cuba migrants are more suited for shorter flights and opportunistic migratory strategies, given that their wings were in poor condition, as well as the active reproductive status of > 50% of these butterflies and their significantly low fat content. Eastern monarch migration is more complex and diverse than previously assumed. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, ••, ••–••.


In this paper we present a method of discrete modeling and analysis of multi-level dynamics of complex large-scale hierarchical dynamic systems subject to external dynamic control mechanism. In a model each state describes parallel dynamics and simultaneous trends of changes in system parameters. The essence of the approach is in analysis of system state dynamics while it is in the control loop.


Current drive in tokamak plasmas by a beat wave is considered in two-dimensional (2-D) geometry. The beat wave is excited by the non-linear interaction of two intense microwave pulses (free electron lasers) in the plasma. The three-wave non-linear interaction equations in steady state are solved numerically. The 2-D toroidal effect and the effect of finite spatial width of the pump microwave pulses are taken into account for the excitation of the beat mode. To illustrate the principle, two types of tokamak are considered: one is small, such as, typically, the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX), and the other one is larger, such as the Joint European Torus (JET). In both cases, it is found that good beat wave coupling exists for a Langmuir beat wave with a phase velocity of around 2.0 to 4.0 times the thermal velocity of the electrons. The fraction of total input power of the right circularly polarized pump waves deposited in the beat mode can be as high as 29% in JET and 32% in MTX. In these cases, there is almost complete pump depletion of the higher frequency pump microwave. It is also found that, for the same input parameters, left circularly polarized pump waves are less efficient than right circularly polarized pump waves for depositing power in the beat mode.


The response 4-tensor is derived for a spin-independent, relativistic magnetized quantum electron gas. The sum over spins is carried out both directly and using a procedure due to Ritus. The 4-tensor components are written in terms of a sum over the two solutions of the resonance condition for the particle 4-momentum. It is shown that the dispersive properties may be described in terms of a single plasma dispersion function, for arbitrary occupation numbers for electrons and positrons in each Landau level. The plasma dispersion function is evaluated explicitly in the completely degenerate and nondegenerate thermal limits. The perpendicular wave number appears in the arguments of J-functions, which are proportional to generalized Laguerre polynomials, but not in the plasma dispersion function. The result generalizes a known form for the response tensor for parallel propagation (in the completely degenerate case), when the J-functions are either zero or unity, to arbitrary angles of propagation.


A very wide-band solar radiospectrograph employing an untuned parametric up-converter is described. The receiver has a noise figure of 9.0-12.5 dB and, in conjunction with a 30-foot-diameter parabolic aerial with log-periodic feed, is capable of detecting the thermal background radiation of the quiet Sun over a continuous single-band frequency coverage of 200-2000 Mc/s. Problems in the design of untuned parametric up-converters are discussed, and measurements made on the equipment described show that the gain is much greater than that predicted by the "three-frequency" theory of parametric amplifiers, although no provision has been made to optimize the loading for the idler frequency component. This type of receiver is capable of further development both as regards increased sensitivity, extension of the frequency range, and application to different parts of the radio spectrum. Examples of spectra of solar outburts in the range 200-2000 Mc/s are given.


Fretting is a contact fatigue phenomenon, but the bulk stresses and material properties contribute to final failure. The near-surface state of stress developed under oscillatory contact between machine elements plays a major role in deciding the severity of fretting. It is common to coat the core or provide surface treatment. The coating material is chosen to give good tribological properties. Such coatings exert a larger influence on the near-surface state of stress. It is possible to enhance tribological properties by coating the surface. Flexural wave propagation in coated poroelastic cylinders of infinite extent is investigated employing Biot's theory. The coated poroelastic cylinder consists of two poroelastic cylinders of different poroelastic materials bonded at the curved surface. Each material is taken to be homogeneous and isotropic. A perfect bond is assumed at the interface and outer boundary of the coated cylinder is treated as traction free. Frequency equations of coated poroelastic cylinder...


NOTE: Page 340 has duplicate pagination. Pages 326, 328-329, 331-332, 334, 337-339, 341-343, and 345 have been removed by
 Dr. Lederberg and reconstituted as part of his laboratory notebook, "Enzyme Experiments.".


Abstract The Pied Imperial-Pigeon (Ducula bicolor) is a summer migrant to northern Australia, and nests colonially on many islands of the Great Barrier Reef, Queensland. Numbers are perceived to have declined as a result of large-scale shooting in the past and clearing of their mainland feeding grounds. To obtain evidence of any population changes, 1–10 counts were made each breeding season of the evening flight from the mainland to a nesting colony on North Brook Island. The counts began in 1965 and have continued for 50 years. The count represents one individual of a pair that visits the mainland to feed and returns in the evening. In the 1965–66 breeding season, the December count (the count used to compare years) was 4692 birds. Over the following three seasons, numbers declined to a low of 1451 birds in 1968–69; this decline was attributed to shooting of up to 1100 birds at a time. Large-scale shooting stopped in 1968 and was followed by a steady exponential increase (y = 3370.4e0.0908x in numbers over 23 years to 29 818 birds in the 1992–93 season. Numbers have fluctuated between ∼25 000 and 35 000 individuals over the following 18 years. A tropical cyclone of extreme intensity affected the pigeons' breeding site on North Brook Island and their mainland feeding areas in February 2011. In the following breeding season of 2011–12, numbers fell to 5311, but recovered to 21 088 in the 2012–13 season. The dramatic drop in numbers was attributed to the pigeons moving elsewhere for the 2011–12 season. It is predicted that the post-cyclonic number of 21 088 will take 4 years to recover to 30 000. The counts are a simple and somewhat coarse measure of population trends, but provide a population baseline for more sophisticated studies on the movements of pigeons and their responses to long-term changes in habitat and climate.


This paper provides evidence of how team effectiveness affects the Mauritian Financial Management sector's  performances. Principles, theoretical concepts and factors affecting teamwork effectiveness literatures, were  reviewed. A census was conducted via a detailed survey with employees of one leading Financial Management Company in Mauritius. The study revealed that: 1) at strategic level companies required to enhance their ways  of communication with employees to enhance teamwork effectiveness, 2) at departmental levels team leaders needed to enhance their leadership skills and foster appropriate team balance in a collaborative environment, and 3) training and continuous development was a must to improve individual contribution of employees towards teamwork effectiveness. High performance teams in Financial Management companies will enrich the success of this sector of the Mauritian economy. Keywords : Team, Teamwork, Effectiveness, Financial, Management, Companies, Strategic, Mauritius.


This article is a continuation of the interpretation of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment". A detailed analysis of the central episode of the novel, Raskolnikov's visit to Sonya Marmeladova, Is here offered, and, as a result, many hidden allusions to the story of Jesus Christ are revealed. Attention is drawn to the dual meaning of Raskolnikov's statements about the need to gain power over the world: this is either material power, based on the laws of the evil world (in imitation of Napoleon), or spiritual power, canceling the laws of the world (in imitation of Christ), which includes serving people and accepting suffering for everyone. It is proved that all the mysterious and incomprehensible details of the narration receive a natural explanation when the Gnostic myth of the salvation of the world through the love union (sizigiya) of Jesus Christ and Sophia is put at the basis of the symbolic plan of the novel. This connection takes place in the epilogue of the novel, where the symbolic plan completely prevails over the realistic, which allows to explain the change in the style of the narrative, which was paid attention to by many researchers.


An experimental investigation was conducted of the dynamic response and inplane stability associated with a new soft-inplane helicopter rotor. The unique feature of this rotor was the use of an internal elastomeric damper to restrain the blade inplane motion about the lead-lag hinge. The properties of the elastomer were selected to provide both a nominal first inplane frequency ratio of 0.65 and sufficient damping to eliminate the need for additional external damping sources to prevent ground resonance on a typical fuselage structure. For this investigation a 1/5-scale aeroelastic model was used to represent the rotor. The four-blade model had a diameter of 3.05 m (10 ft) and a solidity of 0.103. The first out-of-plane frequency ratio was 1.06. The model was tested in hover and in forward flight up to an advance ratio of 0.45. At each forward speed the rotor lift was varied up to simulated maneuver conditions. The measured rotor loads and response were within acceptable limits, and no adverse response qualities were observed. Moderate out-of-plane hub moments were measured, even for zero lift, to indicate the beneficial control power available for this design. Blade inplane stability testing indicated that the rotor system damping remained at moderate levels throughout the operating envelope.


Aspects of the invention provide for an end-to-end currency handling, and servicing apparatus. The apparatus may be used in any cash-centric business or enterprise for cash register till set up and balancing, back office reconciliation, and other cash payment handling activities. Further aspects of the invention provide real-time access to cash receipts for enterprise use in making financial and planning decisions.


The dynamical model of underwater monitoring platform is formulated aimed at the dynamical response by the action of flow force, based on Hopkinson impact load theory, taken into account the catenoid effect of mooring cable and revised the difference of tension and tangential direction action force by equivalent modulus of elasticity. And solved the equation by hydraulics theory and structural mechanics theory of oceaneering, studied the action force characteristic of mooring cable and motion characteristic of buoy. Through the result the conclusion can be got the buoy will engender biggish heave and swaying displacement, but the swaying displacement got stable quickly and the heaven displacement got vibration for the vortex-induced action by the flow; because the vortex-induced action and the impact action between buoy and the mooring cable, the tension made great changes when the mooring cable was Relaxation-tension.


Polycera hedgpethi was first described from California (Marcus 1964), where it occurs along the entire Californian coastline (Gosliner 1982). Some authors (Gosliner 1982; McOonald 1983) believe it to also occur in the Gulf of California as P. gllupa Ev. Marcus and Er. Marcus, 1967, but this remains contested (Miller 2001). After its description, P. hedgpethi was quickly recorded from a number of other localities across the globe, often appearing in ports. Its widespread distribution has been interpreted as indicating an invasive species, thought to have spread via fouling on ships (Rudman 1999). This scenario was already suggested for Tilecacera pelllligera by Willan (1976). To date, the Australian National Marine Pest Information System (NIMPIS) suggests that P. hedgpethi is native to California, cryptogenic in the Caribbean, and introduced to South Africa, south West Africa, the Mediterranean, Australia and New Zealand (NIMPIS 2002 and references therein). It is also recently reported from Japan (Keiu 2000) and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Caballer and Ortea 2002). Although California is assumed to be the natural range of P. lzedgpethi, multiple specimens were known from New Zealand prior to the original species description (Miller 2001).


Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Introduction Yun Lee Too 1. Classics: from discipline in crisis to (multi-)cultural capital Paul Cartledge 2. Schoolboys and gentlemen: classical pedagogy and authority in the English public school Christopher Stray 3. 'Die Zung' ist dieses Schwert': classical tongues and gendered curricula in German schooling to 1908 Sarah Colvin 4. 'What does that argue for us?': the politics of teaching and political education in late eighteenth-century dialogues Clare Brant 5. Women and classical education in the early modern period Jane Stevenson 6. Pilgrimage to Parnassus: local intellectual traditions, humanist education and the cultural geography of sixteenth-century England Warren Boutcher 7. 'Not so much praise as precept': Erasmus, panegyric and the Renaissance art of teaching princes David Rundle 8. Teachers, pupils and imperial power in eleventh-century Byzantium Panagiotis A. Agapitos 9. Reading power in Roman Greece: the paideia of Dio Chrysostom Tim Whitmarsh 10. Children, animals, slaves and grammar Catherine Atherton 11. A good man skilled in politics: Quintilian's political theory Teresa Morgan 12. The voice of Isocrates and the dissemination of cultural power Niall Livingstone 13. Xenophon's Cyropaedia: disfiguring the pedagogical state Yun Lee Too Select bibliography Index.


Key words: Backward stochastic differential equation, semimartingale, comparison
theorem, ordinary functional differential equation, stochastic differential equation, local
condition, homogeneous property, K-Lipschitz condition


We investigate, theoretically, a compact graphene-based electroabsorption modulator (EAM). The compactness of the EAM arises from an inverted-rib-type (IRT) silicon waveguide including a graphene–oxide–graphene stack. The EAM consists of input and output waveguides, which are conventional silicon strip waveguides, and the IRT waveguide efficiently connected to them through tapering regions. The stack is located in the region where the fundamental transverse electric mode of the IRT waveguide is mainly confined. Hence, the IRT waveguide mode strongly interacts with the graphene layers. Moreover, the IRT waveguide can be realized without complex high-precision processes. The calculated modulation depth of the IRT waveguide is 0.41 dB μm−1 when the chemical potential of graphene is tuned between 0.2 and 0.6 eV. It is more than two times larger than those of previous graphene-covered silicon waveguides. The EAM, with a 3 dB extinction ratio, employs an IRT waveguide of length 7–8 μm. This EAM is analyzed and found to have an optical bandwidth of 100 nm, an electrical bandwidth of up to 46.4 GHz, and energy consumption smaller than 630 fJ bit−1. Such EAMs based on IRT waveguides may play an important role in off-chip optical interconnection.


Weak Bourbaki unmixed rings are defined in this paper. The definition of a weak Bourbaki unmixed ring is a candidate for an "appropriate" definition of CohenMacaulayness. We will see that this definition satisfies many of the conditions we want an "appropriate" definition to satisfy. It is not yet known whether this definition (or any other) satisfies all of the conditions. However, no example has been found of a weak Bourbaki unmixed ring which violates one of the conditions.


/ / T HAVE MADE philosophy the legislator of my empire," wrote not I Joseph II, but Joseph Grossing, the "Grub Street" author of some -Lof the Neu gesammelte Briefe von Joseph dem II., Kaiser der Deutschen. This "most hackneyed . . . of all the sayings attributed to the Emperor" long epitomized the legend of the revolutionary Habsburg wielding the principles of the French Enlightenment against a solidly traditional culture and society. Derek Beales's 1975 revelation that it was but an invention of the radical enlightenment dealt a final blow to the historical currency of the AngloFrench notion of "enlightened despotism." Like empires, however, historiographical models both rise and fall. As "enlightened despotism" declined in the west, "aufgeklarter Absolutismus" gathered momentum in the east. The concept's Prussian origins attached to it the aura of that moment in the history of states when "unreflective" traditional rule purportedly gave way to more "rational" statecraft dedicated to expanding the prosperity and power of states conceived as abstract entities. To this end, rulers and subjects were disciplined, scientific precepts were applied, and institutional obstacles were breached or neutralized. Aufgeklarter Absolutismus referred to an early modern transitional state


Introduction. Mathematical Preliminaries. Variational Methods. Element Interpolation and Local Coordinates. One-Dimensional Integration. Beam Analysis. Truss Elements and Axis Transformations. Cylindrical Analysis. General Interpolation. Adaptive Analysis. Integration Models. Heat Transfer. Elasticity. Error Measures for Elliptic Problems. Sensitivity Analysis. Special Elements. Transient Problems. Computational Fluid Dynamics. Automatic Mesh Generation. Computational Procedures. MODEL Applications in 1-D. MODEL Applications in 2-D and 3-D. Appendices. Index.


Using a novel method to measure racism at the individual and country level, we show, our measure of racism has a strong negative and significant impact on economic development, quality of institutions, education and social capital. We test different hypotheses concerning the origin of racism and its channels of impact to establish causality. We find racism is not correlated with measures for the coexistence of different racial or ethnic groups or ethnically- motivated conflicts. Importantly, we show, for former colonies, racism is strongly correlated with the presence of extractive institutions during colonial times, even after controlling for current institutions, GDP per capita and education. We argue, extractive colonial institutions not only had a negative impact on the political and economic institutions but also shaped the cultural values of the population. We claim colonial powers instilled racism among the population of their colonies in order to weaken their ability for collective action.


This article explores the writer's specific method and creating experience of making and applying Media CAI in PE teaching. It proposes the problems and difficulties and shows the advantages and disadvantages. Hope to get instruction and help from you to develop and make innovations in traditional PE teaching method during the new era.


Dynamic gating behaviour of ionic nanochannel is precisely manipulated by cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) by taking advantage of reversible conformational transition of the smart polymer chains in response to cAMP specific adsorption, which provides a new idea for developing smart nanochannels regulated by crucial signal-biomolecules.


Summary
Acacia hybrid (Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis) is widely planted in Vietnam, and part of the estate is managed for solid timber products. This requires pruning and thinning – practices that through mechanical wounding can facilitate the entry of fungal organisms, leading to stem defects. The extent to which this happens in Acacia hybrid has not been previously studied in Vietnam. A destructive survey was conducted in a 3-year-old Acacia hybrid plantation at Nghia Trung in Binh Phuoc province, 18 months after the imposition of pruning and thinning treatments. Pruned trees had a higher incidence and severity of discoloration and decay in the stem than unpruned trees; thinning increased the incidence of stem decay and the severity of discoloration but not the severity of decay. An interaction between pruning and thinning did not influence the incidence of stem decay but did increase the severity of discoloration in thinning treatments. Across treatments, levels of discoloration and decay were <30% and <5%, respectively. Modification of current pruning practices may be necessary to ensure that decay levels are kept within acceptable limits at an anticipated harvest age of 7–8 years.


From our first to our last breath, respiration is an essential physiological function for maintaining body O2 and CO2 levels within narrow limits. In conditions of reduced O2 availability or CO2 accumulation, the depth and rate of the respiratory movements increase to improve gas exchange and restore blood gas homeostasis. This reflex starts owing to the presence of differentiated sensors that can detect hypoxaemia or acidosis (resulting from an excess of CO2) and send excitatory drive to respiratory centres to regulate the depth and frequency of breathing directly (Del Negro et al., 2018; Guyenet & Bayliss, 2015). In addition, peripheral chemosensors located in the carotid bodies have been recognized as sensing arterial levels of O2, in addition to CO2/H , and communicating this information to cardiorespiratory centres to regulate breathing and sympathetic outflow to ensure adequate ventilation–perfusionmatching in tissues (Guyenet & Bayliss, 2015). The process of chemoreception is especially important during sleep, and its disruption has been associated with central sleep apnoea and hypoventilation syndromes (Guyenet & Bayliss, 2015). Apparently, there is no doubt about the presence of CO2 sensorswithin the ventral aspect of parafacial respiratory region, named retrotrapezoid neurons (RTNs). A well-defined group of cells (neurons and astrocytes) located ventromedially to the facial nucleus is an important component of the


WELCOME to the inaugural issue of the Defence Life Science Journal. The Defence Life Science Journal (DLSJ) is an international journal and is published by Defence Scientific Information & Documentation Centre (DESIDOC) on behalf of Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO). The journal is dedicated to publishing research covering a wide spectrum of applications in the emerging field in the field of defence/military life support system. Broadly it will cover; Molecular biology, biophysics, biochemistry, psychology, physiology, biotechnology, pharmacology and toxicology (animals, plants, microbial and viral cells), and related areas like bio-medicine, bio-engineering, bio-electronics, etc.


Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) is a phycotoxin tracking methodology in which manmade resin is used in the passive adsorption of toxins in water. First developed in New Zealand (MacKenzie et al. 2004), this technology was subsequently put into limited use in the UK (Turrell et al. 2007) and Australia (Takahashi et al. 2007), but remained untested in the US. Designed and tested for use with lipophilic toxins [e.g. dinophysis-toxin (DTX-1), okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin (PTX-2), yessotoxin (YTX), azaspiracid (AZA-1)], most initial laboratory trials and fieldwork exercises focused on the use of DIAION HP20, a polyaromatic adsorbent resin (styrene-divinylbenzene matrix) suitable for passive adsorption of lipophilic compounds. The development and use of SPATT technology suitable for use with hydrophilic phycotoxins [e.g. domoic acid (DA)], was pursued to a more limited extent. Here, we present results from laboratory trials and field deployments designed to develop, test, and optimize SPATT technology for use with domoic acid in both the field and laboratory setting.


Disclosed is a method implemented by alarm messages management computer and maintenance of an aircraft, comprising the steps of collecting information relating to alarm messages, status of the aircraft and maintenance; transmitting to a EFB or electronic flight bag type electronic device the collected information, said electronic device being adapted to correlate the alarm messages for maintenance messages and associating the descriptions of alarms with links and electronic maintenance documents. Developments in particular describe the extraction of data from images or audio stream; listen to communications on an avionics bus between the CMS centralized maintenance and Printer Print Service and / or ground equipment or VHF ACARS type; linkages with electronic documentation and the use of EFB electronic flight bag. 143 words


We give a selective review of quantum mechanical methods for calculating and characterizing resonances in small molecular systems, with an emphasis on recent progress in Chebyshev and Lanczos iterative methods. Two archetypal molecular systems are discussed: isolated resonances in HCO, which exhibit regular mode and state specificity, and overlapping resonances in strongly bound HO2, which exhibit irregular and chaotic behavior. Recent progresses for non-zero total angular momentum J calculations of resonances including parallel computing models are also included and future directions in this field are discussed.


Neural network-based encoder–decoder (ED) models are widely used for abstractive text summarization. While the encoder first reads the source document and embeds salient information, the decoder starts from such encoding to generate the summary word-by-word. However, the drawback of the ED model is that it treats words and sentences equally, without discerning the most relevant ones from the others. Many researchers have investigated this problem and provided different solutions. In this paper, we define a sentence-level attention mechanism based on the well-known PageRank algorithm to find the relevant sentences, then propagate the resulting scores into a second word-level attention layer. We tested the proposed model on the well-known CNN/Dailymail dataset, and found that it was able to generate summaries with a much higher abstractive power than state-of-the-art models, in spite of an unavoidable (but slight) decrease in terms of the Rouge scores.


I spent 15 hours handcuffed on a bus with 44 other people, all charged with a crime that everyone, including the police, knew perfectly well we did not commit. At the Police Academy outside Washington where we were taken on September 27, stood a line of 13 buses, each one full of 45 innocent people. As sleepy Metro drivers slouched over the wheels, riot cops checked to make sure everyone's hands were securely fastened behind their backs. It didn't feel particularly glorious, but in doing so we pretty much shut down the IMF.


Litter fall on two catchments, one with an almost continuous canopy of Eucalyptus spp., the other with a discontinuous eucalypt canopy was measured for 29 4-week periods. Annual litter accretion(2.5-3.7 t ha−1) was low by world standards, but similar to other Australian dry sclerophyll forests. Between 33 and 54% of the total litter fall occurred during summer, and only 6-13% in winter. Leaf was the major component of litter fall and usually contributed more than 50% of the total. Variability between the 4-weekly litter falls was high, but coefficients of variation for the total annual fall were low (<5%).

Half-life of total litter fall in the continuous forest (2.14 y) was double that in the discontinuous forest (0.98 y), and may have been due to differences in air temperature and surface soil moisture.

The pattern of litter fall on each catchment was related to hydro-meteorological variables including air temperature, solar radiation, rainfall and soil moisture content.


SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANOCLAY AS REINFORCEMENT TO LOCAL CLAY BASED POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE. Research and development in silica based nanocomposite material has been the beginning phase towards national capacity to produce nanocomposite with improved local product competitiveness. Synthesized organoclay derived from Indonesian montmorillonite clay was used as reinforcement material of polymer nanocomposite that will be further applied to make automotive components. In this research, fabrication process of organoclay by means of acid activation using HCl at certain concentration level and activation time variable which was then added with chosen surfactant was carried out. Morphological properties of synthesized organoclay was obtained by undertaking XRD, FT-IR, and TGA analysis which was then compared to those of organoclay bentone SD-1. FT-IR spectra analysis shows that both synthesized organoclay and bentone SD-1 have large similarity in terms of organic compounds being used. On the contrary, the synthesized organoclay has different absorbed intensity as compared to that of natural clay and there is an increase in the interlayer d-space gallery from 15.03 Å of the natural clay to 39.18 Å for the synthesized organoclay, as indicated by XRD spectra analysis. Furthermore, it can be concluded from thermogravimetry analysis that the synthesized organoclay started to experience significant mass degradation at the temperature of 180 oC and continued to degrade and reached its peak mass loss of 30 % weight at 220 oC.


On April 14, 1981, William Whitelaw appointed Lord Scarman to inquire into the serious disorder in Brixton, South London on 10-12 April 1981-- and to report with the power to make recommendations. When Scarman reported, everyone -- government, police and media -- welcomed his report almost uncritically, at least in public. The male, white, seventy-year-old Lord and judge provided, they said, something for everybody. British fair play and commonsense shone through in every carefully written page. In reality, the issues involved in, and the pressures surrounding the publication of Scarman's report were much more complex, involving a number of different, often contradictory, groups and strands within the British state. From the point of view of the police, for example, any proposals for reform, however liberal, as was the case with Scarman, were regarded as a threat to their power base and autonomy. This power base had been built throughout the 1970s and was constantly being legitimated by their more powerful and often eloquent spokespersons. Any challenge to them was therefore likely to meet with stiff resistance and outright hostility. It is not the intention here to discuss the complexities surrounding the setting up of an inquiry such as Scarman's, nor the power struggles within the state between different interest groups to harness such inquiries for their own ends. Rather we wish to pinpoint the role of the police (despite the contradictions in the force) in undermining Scarman's proposals for limited change in their policing methods and structure of accountability. In doing this they picked up on some of the processes which had been in motion before he reported. They also utilised and emphasised one crucial factor, their belief that black people were disproportionately involved in street robbery. As we saw above, the force had been pushing this line since the early 1970s. Scarman, himself, in the construction of his report, left the door open for the force. It was an opportunity that the police, and in particular the Metropolitan Police (the Met), were not to pass up.


The influence on the processor performance comparing the CPU register file size to on-chip cache size, in a RISC-type microprocessor is investigated using VHDL modeling. The Intel 80860(or i860) was selected as a model for this study. The Linpack benchmark was used as an example for generating performance estimates. The i860 micmarchitecture was modeled and simulated using VHDL., The i860 performance executing the Linpack benchmark was tested while modifying the size of its floating point register file (actual size: 32 32-bit, or 16 64-bit registers). The model was compiled and simulated using the Intermetrics version 3.0 VHDL toolset on a Sun-3 workstation. An instruction classification scheme, called the generic model, was developed in the course of this study. It allows rapid characterization of applications by modeling them by the distribution of instructions and their relevant properties without the need to fully specify the corresponding code or target processor architecture. The results clearly indicate a signitlcant increase in performance while executing the selected benchmark when the register file size is doubled. Further increases in the register file size result in modest increases in performance. The study also shows that in order to achieve the same performance improvement by increasing only the cache size one would have to increase the cache by more than an order of magnitude, considerably exceeding current limitations of VLSI technology.


Defects such as cracks and wrinkling occur easily in the forming of conditioner heat exchanger fin due to the over thin of wall thickness. The traditional solutions are the simple analysis and tests repeatedly. In this essay,the material flow and the stress distributions in the process of forming were obtained by numerical simulation,which provided enough support for the process design and die structure optimization. The heat exchanger fin used in the air conditioner was taking as the research object,the multi-step drawing processes in the progressive stamping process were simulated by the Dynaform software. The defective areas of wrinkling and cracking during multi-step drawing were predicted,and the prevention methods of the cracks were further researched. The results show that the bigger fillet radius of the punch and die has significant effects on preventing the crack.


One final word regarding Professor Bode's philosophy. The discussion just given arose out of a demand that the school educate for a more collective type of economy than has hitherto prevailed. This allowed Dr. Bode to make the further remark that while the teacher "will recognize that the economic problem is presumably the most urgent feature of our present-day situation, he will find no reason for concluding that it is the central problem. The central problem is the whole issue of authoritarianism .... There is considerable reason to suspect that the hangovers of theological tradition perpetuate the attitude of authoritarianism and thus obscure our view of the meaning of democracy" (5: 107, January 1939). I wish before I finish I could say an adequate word regarding Dr. Bode's I ' ability to enliven his talks and lectures by a ready wit and amusing pertinent I ; quotations. Only Professor Bode himself can adequately illustrate this. I hope that during the talk he is to give you will have abundant opportunity to see and note what I here have in mind. I apologize for such a long paper. I feel, however, that the subject deserves it; I am sorry that the analysis could not have been more fittingly presented. I may sum up the whole in another's words regarding another man:


This paper is an empirical investigation of firm attributes  and earnings quality of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria for the period of 2007-2011. The listed Oil and Gas firms are Nine (9) in numbers out of which a sample of Seven (7) were used for the study. Firm attributes  as the independent variable was proxy with firm size , leverage, Institutional ownership, profitability, liquidity and firm growth), While the residuals from the modified Jones model by Dechow et 'al (1995) was used to proxy earnings quality. The study adopts multiple panel regression techniques and data were collected from secondary source through the annual reports and accounts of the firms. The findings reveal that leverage, liquidity and firm growth has a significant positive impact on earnings quality while firm size , institutional ownership and profitability have a significant but negative influence on earnings quality of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. It is recommended among others that the oil and gas companies may choose to go for more debt especially where the interest rate is considerably low and also increase their liquidity asset and turnover as it has been found empirically to enhance the quality of the firms reported earnings. Keywords : Firm Attributes, Earnings Quality and Oil and Gas Companies


We analyse the mixing time of Markov chains using path coupling with stopping times. We apply this approach to two hypergraph problems. We show that the Glauber dynamics for independent sets in a hypergraph mixes rapidly as long as the maximum degree ∆ of a vertex and the minimum size m of an edge satisfy m ≥ 2∆+1. We also show that the Glauber dynamics for proper q-colourings of a hypergraph mixes rapidly if m ≥ 4 and q > ∆, and if m = 3 and q ≥ 1.65∆. We give related results on the hardness of exact and approximate counting for both problems.


Effective automated test equipment is built upon the idea of abstracted layers to provide a flexible, robust, and comprehensive test environment. The layers must be plentiful and each one offer abstracted abilities of lower layers. In addition, if a layer is absent, the lack of that layer must not disrupt the ability to use lower ones; a layer must be independent of any higher (observer) layers. This paper focuses on the highest level software layers that are essential to making an effective and reusable user interface.


Is it possible to spell out an urban transport policy for Australian cities in general or for the individual capital cities and metropolitan areas? Drawing on experience in South Australia, this paper describes the complexity of urban transport policy formulation and coordination, the significance of other factors of urban planning and development to transport, and the impact of statewide and national transport on the city. Current policy tools such as regulation and subsidy will increasingly be complemented or supplemented by measures influencing the demand for transport, some of which may not be popular. /TRRL/


To evaluate ongoing alterations that reflect on the structural characteristics of blood formed elements based on the hormonal imbalance and to investigate the ABO system antigens among menopausal women with uterine (benign & malignant) tumors.


taking the magnetic dipole to be at the origin, such that the field at the dipole (i.e., at the origin) due to magnetic charge p at location rp is Bp = −p rp/r p with ∇ ·Bp = 4πp δ(r−rp), while the field of the magnetic dipole can be related to the gradient of a scalar potential as BmG = −∇(mG · r/r). The force on the Gilbertian magnetic dipole mG is, FmG = (mG · ∇m)Bp = ∇m(mG · Bp) = −∇mUint, (5)


Infrastructure is critical for enabling society to function and the economy to thrive. Unfortunately, there is an increasing mismatch between the need for infrastructure investment and available financing globally due to constraints on public resources and limited capacity to effectively leverage private sector co-financing in the current system. This research explores the integration of blockchain-enabled asset tokenization with public-private partnership (PPP) project finance to engage private sector resources and innovation to supplement limited public sector capacities and to leverage the inherent efficiencies in infrastructure financing. A conceptual framework of tokenization-enabled PPP project finance is proposed. The transactional and contractual structures of the blockchain-driven infrastructure financing system are illustrated and evaluated. It is found that the potential benefits can be summarized into three categories: better project management, improved bankability, and enhanced inclusivity.


Acute limb ischemia is an urgent and common clinical condition which occurs when the blood flow to a certain extremity is suddenly blocked by either embolic agent or thrombotic vascular lesion.Prompt restoration of perfusion through early intervention can significantly decrease the incidence of amputation and mortality.The main therapeutic methods include surgical operation and endovascular interventional technique.For recent years,considerable progress in treating acute limb ischemia with endovascular interventional technique has been achieved.This article aims to make a comprehensive review in respect of the endovascular intervention therapy for acute limb ischemia.


To develop and apply renewable energy, one of the key technologies is that a kind of inverter outputting high quality sinusoid signals to power network is required. This paper proposed a three-phase buck-boost inverter, which can generate a three-phase ac output voltage larger than the dc input one. Its basic configuration is introduced, and the system stability of open-loop is analyzed by constructing small-signal modeling. The double-loop control strategy is designed in turn and the closed-loop system stability is analyzed. Simulation is conducted to confirm the theoretical analysis. The output voltage of three-phase buck-boost inverters can track the reference quickly and accurately, and they achieve a high immunity to external perturbations such as input voltage and output load disturbances. The simulation tests show the good transient response, robustness and high reliability, which are agree with the theoretical analysis.


Background and objectives: Achillea millefolium has been used in medicine as an anti-fungal, antibacterial and antioxidant agent. The present study was carried out to assess the hematoprotective and nephroprotective activities of Achillea millefolium aqueous extract (AMAE) in diabetic mice. Methods:  Seventy mice were used anddiabetes was experimentally induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) in 60 mice. The mice with serum glucose level>250 mg/dL were considered diabetic. After three days, they were divided randomly into 7 groups. Group 1 and 2 were non-diabetic and untreated diabetic controls, respectively. Group 3 received 30 mg/kg glibenclamide orally. Groups 4, 5, 6 and 7 were given 10, 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg of AMAE, respectively for 20 days orally. At 20th day, the mice were dissected, and the blood and kidney samples were collected for hematological and pathological parameters analysis. Results:  Daily treatment of diabetic mice with 10, 30, 90 and 270 mg/kg doses of AMAE at all doses especially 90 and 270 mg/kg significantly declined blood glucose, creatinine and urea levels and improved RBC (Red blood cell), platelet and WBC (White blood cell) parameters, compared to the untreated diabetic control. Also kidney of the treated diabetic mice with AMAE at all doses especially 270 mg/kg indicated significant improvement of the renal tissue compared to the untreated diabetic mice. Conclusion: The present research demonstrated the hypoglycemic properties of AMAE, offering to be suggested as an anti-diabetic supplement.


Predicting the binding mode of carbocations produced in sesquiterpene synthase enzymes is not unlike finding a piece of hay in a haystack. A new method for tackling this problem is described.


(57) Abstract: light propagation optical fiber for spectroscopic monitoring (10) includes propagation section (16, 18) the sensor unit (20). Propagating section (16, 18) has a continuous cladding over the core portion continuous core portion (12) (12) (14). The sensor unit (20), while the cladding from the side (14) is removed of the fiber, the core portion (12) is exposed on the same side. The other side of the continuous cladding of the core portion of the sensor (12) (14) is left intact.


Once the distortions are cleared away, most patients who come to the emergency room tell stories that seem to grow out of the problems they claim to have and the pain they claim to feel.


The emerging 5th generation wireless network will be architected and specified to meet the vision of allowing the billions of devices and millions of human users to share spectrum to communicate and deliver services. The expansion of wireless networks from its current role to serve these diverse communities of interest introduces new paradigms that require multi-tiered approaches. The introduction of inherently low security components, like IoT devices, necessitates that critical data be better secured to protect the networks and users. Moreover high-speed communications that are meant to enable the autonomous vehicles require ultra reliable and low latency paths. This research explores security within the proposed new architectures and the cross interconnection of the highly protected assets with low cost/low security components forming the overarching 5th generation wireless infrastructure.


A method of ABO blood typing of human fingerprint had been primarily established by using indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting methods.The results showed that most fingerprint samples collected by five different methods were correctly typed.The detecting rates were 90%~93.8%. Nonsecretor fingerprints could not be typed. This method is specific,accurate,convenient easy to perform.It can be used for forensic personal identification.


In this study, it was aimed to determine the opinions of science teachers about genetically modified products (GMO). A descriptive survey model was used. The study group consists of 26 science teachers who teach in public schools and private schools in Istanbul. 7 open-ended questions were prepared to determine the opinions of teachers about GMO products. The data collection phase was carried out in a single stage without any intervention by the teachers and the written answers of the teachers were taken with the help of open-ended questions. In the analysis of the data, content analysis was used from qualitative research techniques. Frequency values were calculated by creating themes and codes. In order to ensure the reliability of the study, data were also examined by a field expert and reliability calculation was performed by using Miles and Huberman's (1994) reliability formula. In the study, it was concluded that the teachers have information about the definition of GMOs, that they create negative thoughts against GMOs and that they negatively affect child nutrition were determined and recommendations were made.


Introduction: Globally, medical schools are trying to widen access and to increase the diversity of their student body to be more representative of the population and to meet the future heath care needs of society. Selection methods must not disadvantage the applicants from priority groups. In Memorial University's Faculty of Medicine, rural applicants and applicants from low socioeconomic status are priority groups.


Due to the special application environment,the on-board vehicle DC/DC convertor should provide such characteristics as small size,high power,high effciency and high resistance.The article makes research on one kind of on-board vehicle DC/DC convertor,which adopts full bridge phase shift,ZVS PWM control and double current rectify technology.So it can meet all kinds of performance parameters of on-board vehicle high power DC/DC convertor.The article analyses the working principle of this convertor and gives out the results of the experiment and the related waveform.


Background: Neutrophils are one of the predominant immune cells initially migrating to surgical wound edges. They produce mediators both associated with supporting (interleukin [IL]-1&bgr;, C5a) and reducing (opioid peptides) pain. Studies demonstrate neutrophil depletion/blockade reduces nociceptive sensitization after nerve injury and carrageenan administration, but enhance sensitization in complete Freund's adjuvant inflammation. This research identifies the contribution of infiltrating neutrophils to incisional pain and inflammation. Methods: Antibody-mediated Gr1+ neutrophil depletion preceded hind paw incisions. Sensitization to mechanical and thermal stimuli, effects on edema and local levels of IL-1&bgr; and C5a were measured. Local effects of C5a or IL-1 receptor antagonists PMX-53 and anakinra on sensitization after neutrophil depletion were examined. Groups of 4–8 mice were used. Results: Anti-Gr1 antibody depleted more than 90% of circulating and infiltrating skin neutrophils after incision. Neutrophil depletion did not change magnitude or duration of mechanical hypersensitivity in incised mice. However, paw edema was significantly reduced and heat hypersensitivity was slightly increased in depleted animals. In depleted animals IL-1&bgr; levels were half of controls 24 h after incision, whereas C5a levels were increased in both. Prominent IL-1&bgr; immunohistochemical staining of epidermis was seen in both groups. PMX-53 and anakinra reduced incisional mechanical and heat nociceptive sensitization to the same extent, regardless of neutrophil depletion. Conclusions: Neutrophil-derived IL-1&bgr; and C5a do not appear to contribute critically to peri-incisional nociceptive signaling. Other sources of mediators, such as epidermal cells, may need to be considered. Controlling inflammatory activation of resident cells in epidermis/deeper structures may show therapeutic efficacy in reducing pain from surgical incisions.


by ANTOINETTE MARIE LANDOR (Under the Direction of Leslie G. Simons) ABSTRACT The present study expands the current literature on religion and adolescent sex by examining the extent to which religiosity influences adolescent risky sexual behaviors and identifies the various mechanisms through which this influence occurs, specifically among African Americans. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the effects of parental religiosity on three adolescent risky sexual behaviors. Analysis was performed separately for males and females on early initiation of sex, frequency of sex, and non-condom use to examine whether various mechanisms of influence affect males and females differently. The SEM models did not show a direct influence between parental religiosity and early initiation of sex