The third paper, by Drs. L. A. Pike and A. M. Dickins, shows the existence of a marked, and statistically significant, excess of mothers of group 0 among those suffering from toxaemia of pregnancy. So far as the published data go, the excess might be explained by a direct effect of the maternal antigen, uninfluenced by that of the foetus, on the susceptibility of the former to toxaemia. But on the whole it is more likely that, as the authors suggest, the foetal blood group plays some part in the aetiology. Most previous studies on blood groups in relation to pregnancy have been concerned with possible harmful effects of the maternal antibodies on the foetus in a heterospecific pregnancy-that is, one in which the foetus possesses one of the blood group antigens A or B which is lacking in the mother. This aspect of the subject has been fully considered in these columns recently,4 but little attention has hitherto been paid to possible injury to the mother. In the parallel case of Rh blood group incompatibility, Mollison5 has pointed out that in the very severe cases in which the infant is hydropic there appears to be a special tendency to toxaemia in the mothers, but this does not occur when the disease in the infant takes one of the rather less severe forms. A few previous workers, beginning with Dienst, have suggested that the entry of ABO incompatible foetal blood into the mother's circulation was a cause of toxaemia, but no convincing evidence has ever been brought forward. As Pike and Dickins point out, however, the symptoms of pregnancy toxaemia are not unlike those of an incompatible transfusion. In view of the supporting evidence given by the maternal blood group statistics collected by these authors, it is important that further studies should be instituted taking into consideration the blood groups of both mothers and foetuses. Since even in presumably normal pregnancies the frequencies of the blood group combinations of mothers and offspring may differ significantly from those predicted by elementary genetical theory,6 the question of controls in such a survey will demand careful attention. A further point which needs investigation is whether the chemical and serological similarity between gonadotrophic hormone and blood group A substance7 has any bearing on the hormonal changes which occur in toxaemia. Whatever may prove to be the reasons for these connexions between blood group and disease, they have profound implications for human evolution, since they provide part, at least, of the means long predicted by Sir Ronald Fisher and Dr. E. M. Ford' whereby an active equilibrium may be maintained over many generations between the frequencies of the different blood groups. VIRUS UIEMOTHERAPY


The term integrated or hybrid membrane processes refers to the integration of one or more membrane processes with or without the conventional unit operations in order to increase the performance depending on the type of feed and product quality required [1, 2]. A coupling of different membrane processes into the integrated systems allowed to develop the effi‐ cient technologies, which have been successfully used for water desalination and the treat‐ ment of industrial effluents [1-3]. The realization of these processes resulted in the production of fresh or process water. The most current techniques of desalination are thermal distilla‐ tion and the membranes technology: electrodialysis (ED) and reverse osmosis (RO) [2].


After conducting a comparative study of nine different open source hospital information systems (OSHIS): we used the DeLone & McLean model to evaluate the quality of information systems, and we used the SQALE method for the technical evaluation of source code, and we used the statistics published by Open Source communities referential to compare OSHIS related activities. We were able to choose MediBoard, which has a minimal technical debt of 42.16%. The activity statistics proved the potential of MediBoard with 2381 commits and 12 contributions in 2016. But this SIH would not yet have a standard usability. In fact, the current installation of MediBoard only allows 3 modules out of 63. To resolve this problem, we have used ISO 12207: the software life cycle standard, and we used ISO 14764: the software maintenance standard to have a complete and standard HIS. As a result, and after the implementation of our solution, we have been successful in making the usability of MediBoard standard.


During the 1980s, with the growth in divorce, remarriage and births outside marriage, men's responsibilities for children and their mothers have been reviewed. In Great Britain, the Child Support Act 1991, following a decade in which the number of lone parents increased by 50 per cent and the proportion claiming state benefit increased from one-half to two-thirds, is attempting to shift lone mothers from dependence on the State to dependence on the biological father of their children. This has raised controversial issues concerning women's and children's claims on the State as citizens in their own rights; the balance between a man's private duty to maintain and provide care for children (by maintaining their mother) and his public duty to reimburse the State for doing so; and the legitimacy of trade-offs between claims on family "property" and claims to maintenance previously exercised in the courts. The individualistic system of English family law, in contrast to the law in Scotland and continental Europe, is part of the context within which these changes are taking place. So, too, is the fall in economic activity rates of lone mothers, which are among the lowest in the European Union.


Post-operative Results There was no difference in the severity of the postoperative hypoxeemia measured half-an-hour after operation between the gamma-OH and thiopentone groups of patients. In the two days after aneesthesia and operation both groups of patients retained sodium equally well and there was an almost equal loss of potassium and nitrogen in the urine. Similarly, the potassium/nitrogen ratio in the urine of the two groups was nearly identical.


Electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) denotes simultaneous stimulation of highfrequency hearing by means of a cochlear implant (CI) and of residual low-frequency hearing up to 500 Hz by acoustic stimulation in the same ear. Patients implanted and fitted according to the EAS concept show significantly higher speech intelligibility in complex noise environments compared to bilaterally implanted CI patients.


Many forced migrants experience trauma in pre-migration, journeying, and post-migration phases of flight. Therefore appropriate mental health provision is required. Whilst previous reviews have explored the experiences of health-care staff in supporting forced migrants, no review was found that focused solely on the experiences of mental health professionals. This qualitative thematic synthesis integrates the findings from ten qualitative studies and identifies analytical constructs that encompass the challenges and facilitators for mental health professionals. Findings will inform how services can be developed to best support staff and enable the provision of high-quality mental health care for this potentially vulnerable population.


The problem lies in the Designing Education of China is a universal one,which shares the characteristics of China's High Education on the one hand,but having its own distinguishing features on the other hand.The Designing Education in China is less thoughtful and culturally critical.As a whole,it is muddleheaded,bloated and unsound.It is eroding modern designing.


The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of diatomite filter aid on fouling and performance of membrane bioreactor(MBR) after high salt shock.The results show that diatomite additive is an effective approach for the performance improvement of both membrane fouling and pollutants removal when MBR was suffering high salt shock.Compared with the control reactor,the performance of MBR is enhanced by addition of 60 mg·L-1 diatomite addition,the removal of COD,NH+4-N and TP increases by 4.9%,3.2% and 74.5%,respectively.It was observed that after high salt shock the membrane fouling rate is significantly higher,about four-fold,for the contrast than for the MBR with diatomite addition.The flocculating and adsorption capacities of diatomite make soluble products of microbial metabolism(SMP) significant decrease.So,the rate of membrane fouling was significantly mitigated.Furthermore,the addition of diatomite makes mean flocs sizes(dp) and its related hydrophobic(RH) increase,which would be beneficial to the mitigation of membrane fouling.


Abstract The estrogen levels of amniotic fluid and maternal plasma may be altered in those cases with a fetus which presents Down syndrome. This paper describes the methodology for determination of free estriol in amniotic fluid. Fresh amniotic fluid was extracted using solid phase extraction techniques. Analtech C18 Spice cartridges were used to extract estriol (E3) prior to chromatography. After elution of the analyte E3 from the cartridge, the solvent was evaporated under nitrogen in a warm water bath at 60°C. The extract was reconstituted in methanol and E3 separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. A reversed phase C18 Partisil ODS-3 (4.6 mm × 25 cm) column was developed with acetonitrile—methanol (65:35 v/v) as mobile phase. Subambient temperature (−20°C) improved the resolution and aided separation from extraneous material. Quantitation followed intrapolation against a standard curve prepared under identical conditions. Measurement of amniotic fluid E3 may provide insight into the reporte...


ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to build on a set of recent theoretical studies investigating the role of subjective insights and judgments in the resource-based view and to extend this important line of inquiry by offering a detailed assessment of how agents' knowledge and experience endowments systematically shape their subjective evaluations of business opportunities, and thus the firm's growth options. Our empirical analysis is based on a unique data set that combines experimental conjoint data and survey data obtained from 141 individuals. Our results not only provide evidence of heterogeneity in opportunity evaluations by individuals with different types of experience endowments (marketing, technology, management) but also demonstrate persistence of this heterogeneity. The findings provide a number of novel implications for strategy and entrepreneurship research. INTRODUCTION As one of the most widely accepted theoretical perspectives in the field of strategy, the resource-based view (RBV) suggests that a firm's resources underlie its ability to achieve competitive advantage (Penrose, 1959; Barney, 1991). For more than two decades, an extensive theoretical and empirical literature (e.g., Wernerfelt, 1984; Mahoney and Pandian, 1992; Amit and Schoemaker, 1993; McGrath, MacMillan and Venkataraman, 1995) has helped to shape our understanding of how firms' heterogeneous resource endowments contribute to inter-firm performance differences and competitive advantage. Yet, despite the important insights offered by extant RBV research, a number of recent contributions argue that the RBV presents an 'unfinished revolution'. Perhaps most importantly, critics point out that the key link between the firm's resources and value creation remains largely black-boxed – a serious shortcoming for a theory seeking to explain differential firm performance (Priem and Butler, 2001; Sheehan and Foss, 2007). In this study, we investigate the extent to which heterogeneous knowledge and experience endowments of individuals influence their subjective evaluation of business opportunities. The purpose of the present paper is to build on a set of recent theoretical studies investigating the role of subjective insights and judgments in the resource-based view (Alvarez and Busenitz, 2001; Kor and Mahoney, 2004; Kor et al., 2007, Foss et al., 2008), and to extend this important line of inquiry by offering a detailed theoretical and empirical assessment of how agents' knowledge and experience endowments systematically shape their subjective evaluations of business opportunities, and thus the firm's growth options. Our empirical analysis is based on a unique data set that combines experimental and survey data obtained from 141 individuals. Specifically, we utilize choice-based conjoint analysis which has been shown to be particularly suitable for research on evaluation tasks, because it allows an experimental variation of the characteristics of evaluation objects (e.g., Priem and Harrison, 1994) – in our case the main dimensions of business opportunities stemming from the firm's resources. The conjoint method allows us to analytically infer participants' preferences by observing their choice behavior in real-time and with multidimensional evaluation objects, whereas questionnaire-based research attempting to capture 1Gruber et al.: HOW EXPERIENCE SHAPES THE SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF BUSINESS OPP.Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2010


A general method using refractometric and differential refractometric techniques has been developed to evaluate the stoichiometry and stability constants of metal-ligand complexes. The technique has been verified on the complexation of Cu 2+ with phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). This newly developed technique has been found to be compatible with potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods when applied to the complexation of model amino acids, such as, phenylalanine (phe), tyrosine (tyr), tryptophan (trp) and some dipeptides, such as, phen-tyr, and trp-tyr, in solution. Calculated stoichiometry and stability constants of these metal complex equilibria either by simple refractometric method or by differential refractometric method are comparable to those obtained by spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques.


By using investigation, literature review, statistics and interview, this paper studies the present structure of the physical teachers in primary and middle schools in the Hunan-Chongqing-Guizhou border region so as to promote the development of human resources as well as improve the present structure, but only to find that their age, educational background and title of technical post are not reasonable. Based on the findings, it puts forward some optimizing suggestions.


Objective The failed causes of treating NHL of nasal cavity to explore the failed causes and related.Methods Factors of treating NHL of nasal cavity.143 cases have been retrospe clively analysing in our hospital from 1985 to 1996.All of these were treated with radiotherapy.chemotherapy and both combination trealing among them 67 cases were failure.They were 46.9 pencent.Results The distant extranodal spread especially in skin was the primary causes of failure.The local and modal recurrences were unusual.No close relationship was found between histologic classification and recurrence.Stages Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ had higher relapse and poorer prognosis as compared with those of stage I.Conclusion Relapse usually occured within 2 years,it is suggested that multimodality for late stage patients may reduce spread of this disease.


This paper consider the control of active automotive suspensions applying Mixed (H2/H∞) state-space optimization techniques. It is well known that the ride comfort is improved by reducing vehicle body acceleration generated by road disturbance. In order to study this phenomenon, Two Degrees of Freedom (DOF) in state space vehicle model was built in. However, the H∞ control method attenuates the agitation effect on the output while H2 is employed to improve the input of the controller. Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) technique is employed to calculate the dynamic controller parameters. The outcome of the simulation revealed that ride comfort for the vehicle upgraded adequately by applying mixed H2/H∞ Control method for active suspension system, and also the mixed H2/H∞ Control method was more effective than the H∞ Control method.


This study reports on the electrodeposition of PbTe from nitric acid electrolytes and reveals the effects of electrochemical conditions (i.e. precursor concentration, overpotential, convection) on the composition and morphology of deposited films. In the absence of convection, near stoichiometric deposits tend to develop dendritic morphologies. Experimental results show that Pb2+ activity and applied overpotential strongly impact the characteristic dimensions of dendrites. Microstructural analyses highlight highly textured structures in which the stem and branches present the same crystal orientation. The constant angle observed between the different generations of branches is explained by the preferential growth along the [111] direction, i.e. perpendicular to the high surface energy planes. Finally, the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the different types of structures are described on the basis of crystal properties, diffusion conditions, and nucleation rate.


Since the founding of the People's Republic, Jiangsu's public finance has taken its stand on reform and served society. It has attained heartening progress.


This is a report on research conducted over the past six years on the relationship between children's art and reading levels. Findings from one study in Grenada primary schools and three in Ontario suggest that children's picture-making is governed more by mind than hand, and that there may be common cognitive skills, gender and age effects, and traits that affect reading and art. Background, Objectives, and Previous Related Investigations Perhaps the place to begin this paper is in clarifying what it is not. It is not about justi fying the place of art in school programs, nor about integrating the visual and lan guage arts. It is about considering pupils' artworks as manifestations of thoughts and performance styles?as windows for teach ers in primary level reading programs. It reviews selected references pertaining to connections between reading and art and to the content and organization of young children's pictures in addressing the ques tion of whether their artwork can provide useful information for reading instruction. Incentive for the investigation evolved from my own preliminary studies and in terest over decades in debate among art educators about children's artistic devel opment (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1975), art as communication/language (Cohen & Gainer, 1984; Dorn, 1999), and art as cog nitive activity ( Dorn, 1999; Nelson et al, 1998). The research question was also in spired by Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences (1983), and conjecture that artistic works provide a visible display of many of these, as well as the maker's ac quired knowledge, experience and skill with media, and approach to tasks. What brought these together at the outset was an opportunity to study paintings made by young children in Grenada schools, and to collaborate with their visiting reading in structor. We were aware that her new pu pils were mainly emergent and early read ers who had almost no experience with art materials either at home or school, and we wondered if their first crayoned and painted pictures would provide useful knowledge about both subject areas. A principle hy pothesis for the research that followed was that there would be some similar qualities to and antecedents for their art and lan


Fairness is a central topic in ethics, political science and economics. A variety of economic questions, such as charitable donation, welfare programs, taxation of income and inheritances, are closely associated with people's fairness preferences. Hence it is important to take fairness and justice into account for making appropriate social welfare policy. This dissertation contributes to the related literature in understanding people's fairness preferences by using an experimental approach. It consists of three interrelated essays, all of which focus on fairness preferences and redistributive decision making under risk and uncertainty. The first essay is an experimental investigation into fairness preferences and redistribution under different rooted risks, i.e., pure-luck versus option-luck. Our experimental results reconcile the conflict between the accountability principle and consequential egalitarianism by suggesting that people are more inclined to the accountability principle in the presence of relatively lower income inequality but support consequential egalitarianism in case of large income inequality or salience of extreme low payoff. The second essay explores the dynamic evolution of a laboratory economy in which fairness preferences, risk preferences, and income inequality are jointly determined under different redistributive policies. By using a panel vector auto-regression model, we find different patterns of interplay between subjects under different redistributive regimes. The third essay studies how charitable giving is influenced by the performance of charitable organizations and associated organization costs. We study charitable giving in a laboratory experiment, in which donors are confronted with a tradeoff between helping people in need and the possibility of being cheated. We find evidence that individuals exploit the shadow of fundraising cost to excuse their selfishness with


AuNPs have been synthesized with reducing agents and sodium citrate covering agents using the colorimetric method. The formation of sodium citrate-covered AuNPs was confirmed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The optimization of creatinine concentration of 10 mM was indicated by shifting the absorption peak from 530 to 700 nm. The results of this optimization were then used to standardize the detection of creatinine in urine samples using a validation test method. The TEM results showed that the AuNPs were dispersed at relatively large distances. The size of the AuNPs was 30.67 nm and creatinine was 19.96 nm. This is because no substance had aggregate NPS, therefore, the particles are still scattered. Testing the quantitative value of Red-Green-Blue (RGB) digital images involved a mobile phone camera. The resulting images were stored in a memory card and then transferred to a laptop/computer. The data were processed using ImageJ software. The linear correlation and selectivity of the quantitative values of Red-Green-Blue (RGB) from the RGB method were compared with the results of colorimetric detection using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. The data were used to determine the amount of creatinine concentration. The results exhibited that sodium citrate had the ability as a reducing agent and a covering agent in the synthesis of AuNPs for the determination of creatinine. The RGB digital image method had good sensitivity to creatinine with LoD of 0.068 mM dan LoQ of 0.228 mM, which was smaller than the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method where LoD was 0.225 mM and LoQ was 0.751 mM. The validation method results showed that AuNPs can be used as a creatinine sensor. This method used a colorimetric sensor of the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) component in urine samples and was translated with ImageJ software.


Industrial hollowing-out is a kind of objective existence and phenomenon, as well as a process of metabolism which represents sending off old industries while welcoming the new in the development of industry. As every sword has its two edges, industrial hollowing-out is no exception. Seizing the new strategic opportunities of "the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road" and "the Yangtze River Economic Belt", we should take advantages of the positive aspects of industrial structural adjustments and avoid their harmful sides to the development of economy, in order to optimize the industrial structure, maintain the industrial safety, and further promote the development of China's economy healthily and steadily, especially under the new normal.


Objectives: To determine whether immunotherapy of chronic HIV-1 infection can prevent or attenuate viremia upon antiviral discontinuation. Design: This was a Phase II randomized, partially double blinded, 2×2 factorial study of three steps of 12 wk/step. Step I involved four groups: (1) vaccine placebo, (2) vaccine (ALVAC, vCP1452), (3) placebo + interleukin 2 (IL-2), and (4) vaccine + IL-2. Step II involved a 12-wk diagnostic treatment interruption (DTI). Step III involved an extension of the DTI for an additional 12 wk. Setting: The Weill-Cornell General Clinical Research Center. Participants: Chronically infected HIV-1 positive adults with undetectable HIV-1 levels and > 400 CD4+ T cells/μl. Interventions An HIV canarypox vaccine (vCP1452) and vaccine placebo, administered every 4 wk for four doses, and low-dose IL-2 administered daily for 12–24 wk. Outcome measures: Primary endpoints: (1) Proportion of participants with undetectable plasma HIV RNA during trial Step II, (2) mean log10 HIV RNA copies/ml ([HIV]) from weeks 21–25, and (3) proportion of individuals eligible for trial Step III. Results: 44 participants were randomized, but 16 withdrew or were withdrawn before completing Step II. As all participants underwent viral relapse in Step II, the study was terminated after 28 participants completed Step II. Among the four groups, there was no difference in mean [HIV] or the proportion of individuals with < log10 4.48 HIV; no difference between the mean [HIV] of the two groups that received ALVAC (n = 17) versus placebo (n = 11); and no significant difference between the mean [HIV] of the two groups that received IL-2 (n = 11) versus placebo (n = 17). Conclusions: Neither ALVAC (vCP1452) nor low-dose daily IL-2 nor their combination prevented the relapse of viremia upon discontinuation of antiviral therapy.


Influence of elastically-stressed state on polarization and electronic parameters of Fe- and Ni- based amorphous ribbons were studied by spectroellipsometric method within the infrared hv = 0.2 – 0.6 eV. The ellipsometric parameters Δ and Ψ were measured at for azimuthal directions in own plane of the samples. It was found that dependence of dielectric function is Drude-like one within the infrared for Ni78Si8B14 ribbon. The parameters of the electronic subsystem, namely plasma frequency ωp and frequency of relaxation γ of the ribbons were found as depending on the azimuthal angle using the functions F1 – F3 based on the Drude relationship. These functions are linear dependences on the square of the frequency ω of the incident light or the light wavelength λ. It was found that plasma and relaxation frequencies decrease at two successive azimuthal rotations of the ribbon in its own plane. Consequently, the number of electrons becomes smaller, but the mobility of charge carriers increases. Such difference in the parameters behavior of the electronic subsystem indicates an induced anisotropy of the Ni78Si8B14 ribbon due to stress in its surface layer. The obtained difference in the behavior of the dependences of the real part of dielectric function ε1(Е) for both sides of the Fe77Ni1Si9B13 ribbon is explained by the specific features of the dynamic characteristics of the conduction electrons with Fermi energy.


Noise with prominent tones from building mechanical systems is often detrimental to the environmental quality and leads to complaints. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between existing tonal noise metrics and human annoyance perception, but little is known about at what level the tones at assorted frequencies induce human annoyance. This paper investigates human annoyance responses due to noise with tones to produce a dose-response relationship for estimating the thresholds of annoyance to tones in noise. The subjective test is conducted using noise signals with varied loudness and tonalness thorough an Armstrong i-Ceiling system in the Nebraska indoor acoustic testing chamber. Binary logistic multiple regression models are used to predict the percentage of annoyed people or likelihood-to-complain with confidence intervals. This paper also examines the statistical performance of models with assorted noise metrics and non-acoustical variables to calculate the probability of occupants fee...


The 1990 Visual Artists Rights Act (VARA) is a provision of U.S. copyright law that seeks to protect the noneconomic rights of artists, called "moral rights." These rights are due to the "presumed intimate bond between artists and their works."1 In the United States it protects rights of artistic attribution and integrity: the artwork cannot be claimed as the work of another, and it cannot be distorted. In some cases VARA protects artworks from destruction. But what is the nature of this intimate bond? The underlying principle behind the legal construct of artistic moral rights is that the artwork is an extension of its creator such that any harm to the work is a violation of the personhood of the artist.2 Another model for conceiving of the relation between artist and artwork is that of parent and child—the artist creates the work, breathes life into it, and his signature provides a form of artistic paternity that assures the work's legitimacy and recognition in the culture at large.3 One problem with this model is that, while artists always precede their works temporally, it is not always clear that they precede them ontologically: one's identity as an artist is secured only if one has made something that others recognize as an artwork. Thus, while artists create artworks, there is an important sense in which the work in turn creates the artist. A third, final model of the relation between art and artist is one in which the "intimate bond" between artist and artwork is challenged, problematized, and even denied. We might call this the artwork-as-orphan model of authorship. Indeed, this third model has had a great deal of currency in twentiethcentury art and has often been the very meaning and focus of artworks, if not entire art movements.4 And yet these different ways of understanding the nature of the relation between artist and artwork have remained


Since the official listing of the Ministry of culture and tourism, deepening the integration of culture and tourism has become a key task in the development of cultural and tourism, and the integration and development of public cultural services and tourism public services has also become one of the research focuses of cultural and tourism integration. By reviewing and combing the literature, this paper clarifies the internal driving mechanism of the integration and development of public cultural service institutions and tourism consulting centers, expounds the inevitability of the integration of the two, and tries to introduce the theory of holistic governance, in order to find out the shortcomings of the integration and development of public cultural service institutions and tourism consulting centers under the guidance of the theory, and use the theory to promote The ideas and suggestions of the integration of the two.


This paper proposes a framework for short-packet communications, where the multiple access is based on the concept of rate splitting and a new partial automatic repeat request (P-ARQ) protocol is implemented for error control, and investigates its performance. Since retransmissions are required to guarantee packet delivery, the block error rate (BLER), throughput, and delay, are used as performance metrics, and related trade-offs are investigated. Firstly, making use of a recently proposed approximation tool and considering transmissions over Rayleigh fading channels, we obtain the closed-form expressions for the average BLER and average throughput. Then, using Markov modeling, we analyze the delay performance of the system with an arbitrary number of P-ARQ retransmissions. Numerical results and comparisons are presented, and illustrate the trade-offs among the number of retransmissions, the blocklength, and the power allocation.


[Objective]To investigate clinical therapeutic effects of Buzhong Tongjiang Fang and Madinglin Pian on patients'symptoms with bile reflux gastritis. [Methods]Sixty-four cases were randomly divided into a treatment group (n=34) treated by Buzhong Tongjiang Fang and a control group (n=30) treated by Madinglin Pian.Logistic regression was used to analyze the clinical therapeutic effects.[Results]Vomiting,bitter taste of mouthand the drugs had statistical significance。And vomiting and ructationwere negative correlation(therespective relative riskwere 0.321 and 0.232), bitter taste of mouthand drugs were positive correlation(therespective relative riskwere 6.15 and 3.562).[Conclusion ]Buzhongtongjiangfang has obviousclinicaltherapeutic effects on bile reflux gastritis patients.


Instability in fuel prices and environmental concerns have encouraged the pavement industry to use high percentages of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in production of asphalt mixtures. Physical changes due to the addition of high RAP content, however, pose a challenge in mix design and, hence, affect the performance of resulting asphalt mixtures. To understand the effects of RAP content on asphalt mixture's fatigue behavior., asphalt mixes with various RAP content were tested using two different fatigue tests, conventional beam fatigue and push-pull (tension-compression) fatigue tests. The test is conducted under cyclic pure tensile and compressive stress states using gyratory compacted cores as the ones used complex modulus test. The test utilizes continuum damage theories, which might potentially be an appropriate test method especially for mixtures with high RAP content. The data from push-pull data has been analyzed using viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) theory. The beam fatigue data, on the other hand, has been analyzed using conventional fatigue curves as well the plateau value (PV) concept. A comparison has been made between the number of cycles to failure obtained using both test data. The study concluded that the push-pull test is a promising method for testing mixes with RAP due to larger cross-sectional area and the ease of prepare specimens, using gyratory compacted specimens.


The essential oil from leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L., an aromatic member of three Pistacia (Pistacia Vera L.) cultivars, including Kalle Ghoochi, Akbari, and Sefid that were analyzed by GC-MS. These Pistacia species have been collected from Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Constituents were identified by their mass spectra and Kovats' indices. 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-thujene, and limonene were found to be the major constituents.


The treatise mainly deals with one of the fundamental themes of China's contemporary films,that is,the dual variations of revolution and love.The diversities of presentations in varieties of social culture context of this theme are a joint product of the main stream of consciousness pattern,the concepts of directors' creations,and the psychology of audience's acceptance.


The low thermal conductivity of piezoelectric perovskites is a challenge for high power transducer applications. We report first principles calculations of the thermal conductivity of ferroelectric ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ and the cubic nearly ferroelectric perovskite ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$. The calculated thermal conductivity of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ is much lower than that of ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ in accord with experiment. Analysis of the results shows that the reason for the low thermal conductivity of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ is the presence of low frequency optical phonons associated with the polar modes. These are less dispersive in ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$, leading to a large three phonon scattering phase space. These differences between the two materials are associated with the $A$-site driven ferroelectricity of ${\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ in contrast to the $B$-site driven near ferroelectricity of ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$. The results are discussed in the context of modification of the thermal conductivity of electroactive materials.


At least eleven histone H1 variants exist in mammalian cells that bind to the linker DNA and stabilize the nucleosome particle contributing to higher order chromatin compaction. In addition to playing a structural role, H1 seems to be involved in the activation and repression of gene expression. It is not well known whether the different variants have specific roles or regulate specific promoters. We have explored this by inducible shRNA-mediated knock-down of five somatic H1 variants in a human breast cancer cell line. Rapid inhibition of each H1 variant was not compensated for changes of expression of other variants. A different subset of genes is altered in each H1 knock-down. Interestingly, H1.2 depletion represses expression of a number of cell cycle genes. This is concomitant with a G1 arrest phenotype observed in this cell line. In addition, H1.2 depletion caused decreased global nucleosome spacing. These effects are specific to H1.2 depletion as they are not complemented by overexpression of other variants and they do not occur in knock-downs for the other variants. Moreover, H1.4 depletion caused cell death in T47D, being the first report of the essentiality of an H1 variant for survival in a human cell type.%&/In addition to this, we have also investigated specificities of H1 subtypes location in particular promoters of interest in our laboratory, as well as specific interactions with other factors by generating HA-tagged H1 variant expressing cell lines.


Porous nitrogen-doped Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] MXene (N-TCT) with a three-dimensional network structure is synthesized via a simple sacrifice template method and then utilized as an acetone gas sensor. By introducing nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms into Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] nanosheets, some defects generate around the doped nitrogen atoms, which can greatly improve the surface hydrophilicity and adsorption capacity of Ti3C2T[Formula: see text] Mxene nanosheets. It resulted in the enhanced gas sensitivity, achieving a response value of about 36 ([Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text] × 100%) and excellent recovery time (9s) at 150[Formula: see text]C. Compared with the pure Ti3C2T[Formula: see text]-based gas sensor (381/92s), the response and recovery time are both obviously improved, and the response value increased by 3.5 times. The gas-sensing mechanism of the porous N-TCT is also discussed in detail. Based on the excellent gas sensitivity of porous N-TCT for highly responsive acetone detection at high temperatures, the strategy of nitrogen-doped two-dimensional nanomaterials can be extended to other nanomaterials to realize their potential applications.


Objective To investigate the effect of Edaravone on mesenteric hemorheology in rabbits with acute hypoxia.Methods Fifty rabbits were evenly randomized to five groups as:control group;hypoxia model group;low-dose,moderate-dose,and high-dose Edaravone groups.The rats in the latter four groups were put into a low pressure oxygen cabin to create an acute hypoxia model.Before entering the low pressure oxygen cabin,the rats in the control and hypoxia model groups were given ringers solution through auricular vein,and those in low-dose,moderate-dose,and high-dose Edaravone groups were offered 5,10and20mg/kg of Edaravone,respectively,through auricular vein.A microcirculation microscope image analysis system was used to study the changes of mesenteric microcirculation. Results The changes of mesenteric microcirculation in hypoxia model group were consistent with that in human with acute hypoxia.A comparison between hypoxia model group and low-,moderate-and highdose Edaravone groups showed significant differences in terms of the microvascular diameter and blood flow velocity(F=31.08-124.19,q=5.01-57.52,P0.05),and in terms of the leucocyte rolling rate,the number of leucocyte rolling along the vessel wall,the adhesive leucocytes and microthrombus(F=36.27-43.96,q=2.65-23.62,P0.05).The differences between the three different-dose Edaravone groups and the control group were not significant with regard to the above parameters(P0.05),and the differences of the above parameters among the three different-dose Edaravone groups were not significant,too(P0.05). Conclusion Edaravone can reduce the influence on hemorheology of mesenteric microcirculation in rabbits caused by acute hypoxia.This protection may be related to directly eliminate free radicals,reduce platelet activity,and inhibit platelet aggregation.


this paper, a new hybrid approach is presented for keyword spotting. The proposed Method is based on Hidden Markov Mode (HMM) and is performed in two stages. In the first stage by using phoneme models, a series of candidate keyword(s) is recognized. In the second stage, word models are used to decide on acceptance or rejection of each candidate keyword. Two different methods are presented in the second stage to improve the spotting performance of the first stage. In the first method, we make a decision to accept or reject each candidate keyword using the similarity between candidate word and the corresponding word model. In the second method, the similarity values between candidate keyword with HMM models of keywords and some HMM models of out of vocabulary words are calculated. These similarity values form a feature vector and are given to a SVM classifier to make the final decision on the correctness of the decision made in the first step. The proposed method was evaluated on two evaluation datasets. Comparing the result obtained from the proposed method and the results obtained by the one stage keyword spotting using the filler models (i.e. the first method on the second step), 5.6% of improvement on the first test set and 4.5% of improvement on the second test set were obtained. By implementation and evaluation of the second method in the second stage, an improvement of 10.3% was achieved using the second dataset.


Grain yield and malt quality of barley are largely influenced by the specific variety, soil property and applied nitrogen fertilizer rates. Consequently, nitrogen fertilizer application could lead to tradeoff between grain yield and malt quality and grain yield resulting in significant loss for beverage industries and farmers. Thus a field experiment was carried out during 2018/2019 main cropping season on Nitisol at Arsi Zone of Ethiopia to study the effect of grain yield and malt quality response of malt barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) Varieties to different rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Factorial combination of three malt barley varieties (Holker, Ibon and Fanaka) and five rates of nitrogen fertilizer (11.5, 23, 34.5, 46 and 57.5 kg N ha-1) were laydown in split plot arrangement Nitrogen fertilizer rate as main plot and varieties as sub plot replicate three times. Data on soil sample analysis results revealed that, the soil physic-chemical property didn't show significant variation in both before planting and after harvest. The interaction effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate and varieties had significant influence on grain yield, thousand kernel weight and hectoliter weight. Malt extract content and germination energy were significantly affected by main effect of malt barley varieties, while grain protein content affected only by nitrogen rate. Thus application of 57.5 kg N ha-1 to Ibon malt barley variety produced better (2.629 t ha-1) grain yields at the study area. From this point of view it can be conclude that Ibon Varity fertilized with 57.5 kg N ha-1 was found to be better in terms of both yield performance and economic feasibility for malt barley production in study area.


In proton or heavy-ion therapies, in-beam dose monitoring is a desirable feature that can enhance the accuracy of delivered dosage and potentially improve the number of treatments allowed by a facility per day. While many gammas are generated from protons or heavy-ions passing through a patient's body, only a small fraction of these gammas are useful for locating the Bragg peaks. Extracting these gammas from the background can be more challenging than expected. This study attempts to decompose the gammas from the irradiation-induced activities into different species, spatial, energy, and time domains and applies these extracted information to typical operating parameters of proton therapy machines. In order to achieve a spatial resolution better than a few millimeters in a real-time measurement, the less abundant positron emitters that have lower activation threshold energies are considered. The study reveals that 12N is a problematic activation product in soft tissue for in-beam dose monitor due to its high positron energy. This result eventually leads to a search of suitable proton activation tracers for dose monitoring purpose. 89Y was identified as a potential tracer at the end of this search but further study shows that its application is currently limited by the amount of 89Y deliverable to a tumor site.


In order to increase the spectral efficiency of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol technology is discussed. Spectral efficiency can be increased by adding information to the band edge of OFDM symbols associated with measures to reduce the OOB spectrum leakage from OFDM symbol. Reduction measures spectral leakage, in order to reduce the power of a plurality of side lobes in the frequency domain may include applying tapered windows in at least a part of OFDM data in the time domain. In some embodiments, such a strategy is the step of reducing the transmission power at specific frequencies for a set of a plurality of adjacent subcarriers in OFDM symbols or near at a band edge in the OFDM symbols including. Additional bandwidth in an OFDM symbol, but are not limited to, such as device-to-device (D2D) communication and / or machine to machine communication, it may be used for many different applications forms.


Integration of solar concentrators with photovoltaic (PV) systems reduces the required number of PV panels, which often account for the major costs of PV systems. The linear Fresnel reflector mirror is considered more effective because of its simplicity and effortless fabrication. An experimental test rig of a concentrated PV/thermal system that employs a linear configuration and horizontal absorber was built for evaluating its electrical and thermal performances. The considered concentrator consists of various widths of flat glass mirrors, which positioned with different angles, and with sun light focusing on the PV cells that fixed over an active cooling system. The experimental investigation of the proposed concentrated PV/thermal system shows that higher electrical and thermal efficiencies can be achieved at comparatively high temperature levels than that typically utilized in a nonconcentrated PV/thermal system. The characteristics of PV cells also indicate that the electrical efficiency values in case of no concentration and with concentration ratio of 6.0 are 9.6%, and 11%, respectively. The measured values for the inlet and outlet cooling water temperatures of the receiver showed that the maximum outlet temperature reached was 75°C with a flow rate of 0.025 L/min, and the product thermal efficiency was 62.3%. These obtained results illustrate an adequate and good thermal and electrical performance under the meteorological weather conditions of the province of Al‐Karak in Jordan.


Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of exposure to exogenous female sex hormones with orbito-cranial meningioma among females.
Methods: This was a case-control study of 115 women (40 orbitocranial meningioma cases and 75 healthy controls). All cases were confirmed by Multi-sliced head CT scan and histopathological examination following the surgical procedure. Age-matched control (2 years) were meningioma-free, confirmed by clinical examination and head CT-scan. Detailed history of previous hormonal contraception, menstrual cycle, parity history and other demographic data were obtained by interview. The association of hormonal contraception with incident meningioma was estimated using logistic regression, adjusted for education level, age of menarche, length of menstrual cycle and number of parity.
Results: The median age of cases vs. control was 46 vs. 47 years (p=0.92). Cases had older age of menarche (13 vs. 11 years; p<0.001) and had used longer hormonal contraception (55% vs. 27% had used more than 10 years; p=0.005) compared to controls. The use of hormonal contraception containing progesterone was significantly associated with increased risk of orbito-cranial meningioma (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.08 5.64; P=0.03). Exposure to hormonal contraception for more than 10 years was also significantly associated with increased risk of developing meningioma (OR 3.95, 95%CI 1.67-7.64; p= 0.002). After adjusting for education level, age of menarche, length of menstrual cycle and number of parity, only exposure to hormonal contraception for more than 10 years remained significant.
Conclusion: In this study, the use of hormonal contraception containing progesterone was associated with increased risk of developing orbitocranial meningioma in females. This finding highlights the public health importance of the use of hormonal contraception and suggests that further studies to understand its mechanisms are warranted.


Liquid saturable absorbers have some advantages in some aspects over solid saturable absorbers. In this paper, graphene oxide in heavy water (deuteroxide, D2O) dispersion was fabricated and used as absorber in Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The shortest pulse width of the Q-switched laser is 523 ns, corresponding to a repetition rate of 92.9 kHz. The maximum peak power of Q-switched pulse is 6.6 W. Such a liquid absorber has the virtues of good optical transparency, high heat dissipation, and no contact damage.


A purified solvent stable and thermostable recombinant lipase, Lip 42, isolated from Bacillus sp. strain 42 was previously shown to be stable in polar organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol. Stabilities in different solvent compositions were studied based on 40˚C pre-incubation in solvent and the purified lipase was shown to retain at least 100% residual activity in up to 45% v/v DMSO and 45% v/v methanol. In 60% v/v DMSO, 68% of residual activity was retained, however, this dramatically
reduced to 6.5 % at 65% v/v DMSO. Activity enhancement was recorded at lower solvent composition (less than 45% v/v solvent), whereby, at 30% v/v DMSO, enhancement was recorded to be as much as 35%. Enhancement tends to increase as temperature increases. Based on these solvent stability margin, molecular dynamic simulations were then carried out in the presence of water, 60% v/v DMSO + 40%
v/v water and 100% v/v DMSO, by using a structure model predicted from a highly homologous (97%) lipase (PDB:1JI3). Results showed that the Lip 42 structure was retained and the flexibility of polypeptide backbone decreased or increased depending on the location of loop regions. Flexibility changes in the helixloop-helix-motif covering catalytic triad were found to be associated with a hydrophobic cluster region. The presence of 60% v/v DMSO resulted in the disorganization of the cluster, accompanied with non-native H-bonds formations. However, the cluster still presents in 100% v/v DMSO and resembles to that of water simulation. Mutant form of lip 42 V174S contains residue substitution near the cluster and within helix-loop
helix motif. At 50˚C pre-incubation, the mutant lost as much of high temperature enhancement commonly observed in low DMSO composition. This indicates the potential role of hydrophobic residues in helix-loophelix motif and the cluster in interfacial activation.


The experimental work described in this report was performed to provide test data for the Nuclear Emergency Search Team (NEST) Damage Limitation Working Group. These tests extended our previous test results of shock absorption and aerosol filtration under transient air-flow conditions. Two types of experiments were run using two separate apparatus. Nylon fabric capture bags were structurally tested on a small shock tube similar to the shock tube used in the Phase I tests but capable of higher-pressure shocks. The various filter media were tested for steady-state aerosol filtration efficiency during high pressure drops using the Phase I blowdown tube modified for thin (2.54 cm or 1 in.) media samples.


The environment in which the intelligent robot is dynamic in real time. The robot needs to respond to the surrounding obstacles in time to ensure that the robot can drive smoothly in an environment full of obstacles. This requires the robot to be intelligent enough to make decisions with different challenges. Obstacles in different directions and postures can be quickly identified and avoiding actions can be made smoothly. To solve this problem, this paper proposes an obstacle maze intelligent robot dynamic recognition and decision avoidance algorithm based on simulink simulation. By establishing a robot driving model, equipped with a radar sensor model, it has the ability to recognize obstacles, and uses the Stateflow tool to edit the robot obstacles. The object avoidance decision-making algorithm enables it to deal with obstacle avoidance in a variety of postures, and to explore the path out of the maze on its own. In order to verify the effectiveness of the model and algorithm, a maze of obstacle walls was built and the intelligent robot was simulated and tested. Through testing, the decision-making algorithm not only ensures the safety of the robot, but also achieves smooth obstacle avoidance and smoothly drove out of the obstacle wall maze.


Opinion Mining is a relatively new field of study. This field is gaining importance with the evolution of online businesses. Opinion mining can be a very useful tool in terms of obtaining customer feedback, which will help companies design better products suited to the current market trend, thus maximizing their profit and also improving customer relations. This paper surveys various papers that propose novel algorithms to mine opinion targets and opinion words, which is a difficult task given the complexity of (any) language and the informal nature of most online reviews. These state-of-the-art algorithms focus on improving precision, and on reducing error propagation and false opinion relations. The concept, pros, and cons of each algorithm is discussed in this paper.


Headlines declaring "the end of the antimicrobial era" and "superbugs kill patients" are becoming commonplace. Such headlines engender anxiety, anguish and questions among the public. Is there a crisis? Does "something need to be done"? What are the facts about antimicrobial resistance


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been considered a global threat spreading to Nigeria and posing major public health threats and concerns This led to the introduction of internationally acceptable non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) such as lockdowns, social distancing, and mandatory use of face masks by the Nigerian government to curtail the disease This study aims to develop an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to predict COVID-19 cases vis Total Confirmed Cases (TCC) and Total Discharged Cases (TDC) in Nigeria based on the daily data obtained from the Nigeria Centre for Diseases Control (NCDC) from 27th February 2020 to 6th June 2020 The autocorrelation function (ACF), and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) were used to determine the constructed model An ARIMA model was developed to predict the trend of TCC and TDC for the next 200 days Forecasting was done using the constructed models The finding shown that TCC increased to 50,225 with a CI between 29,425 to 100,450 and TDC to 20,186 with CI between 11,106 to 40,366 approximately The result shows a significant increase in both TCC and TDC from COVID-19 which should guide the government roll out and management of the different NPI and policies to contain the virus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Statistical Journal of the IAOS is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Hand vein patterns are among the biometric traits being investigated today for identification purposes, attracting interest from both the research community and industry. This paper presents a multimodal system that combines hand-palm vein and hand-dorsal vein biometrics information at the score level. The palm and dorsal veins are considered as texture samples being automatically extracted from the user's hand image. A 2D Gabor filter is employed for texture feature extraction. For matching, the newly acquired biometric samples are compared with those stored in the system database, at the enrolment stage. The metric used is based on the Hamming distance. A palm and dorsal vein database is built using the proposed acquisition system. This paper proposes a novel multimodal system that combines palm and dorsal vein information at the score level, with the experimental results showing that with the proposed system a much lower Equal Error Rate (EER) can be achieved, in comparison to existing unimodal systems.


Collocation extraction systems based on pure statistical methods suffer from two major problems. The first problem is their relatively low precision and recall rates. The second problem is their difficulty in dealing with sparse collocations. In order to improve performance, both statistical and lexicographic approaches should be considered. This paper presents a new method to extract synonymous collocations using semantic information. The semantic information is obtained by calculating similarities from HowNet. We have successfully extracted synonymous collocations which normally cannot be extracted using lexical statistics. Our evaluation conducted on a 60MB tagged corpus shows that we can extract synonymous collocations that occur with very low frequency and that the improvement in the recall rate is close to 100%. In addition, compared with a collocation extraction system based on the Xtract system for English, our algorithm can improve the precision rate by about 44%.


The theoretical research on associative memory of the asymmetric Hopfield model is presented. The perceptron learning scheme is proposed to store the sample vectors (patterns) in the neural network. For this generalized Hopfield model of n neurons, an upper and a lower bounds for asymptotic memory capacity are obtained respectively to be 2n and (n-1).


WHILE in recent articles (Joll, 1 Graham, 2 Hellwig, 3 McSwain and Moore 4 and Schilling 5 ) lymphadenoid goiter is recognized as a pathologic and clinical entity, the causes, histogenesis and clinical significance of this rare form of goiter are still little understood. Since 1940, we have had the opportunity of observing 14 cases of lymphadenoid goiter. We are presenting the histologic data because we found alterations of the thyroid epithelium which have not been correctly interpreted in recent studies, and we believe that these epithelial changes, rather than the more conspicuous accumulations of lymphoid tissue, are the most important characteristics of this disease. CLINICAL FINDINGS The 14 patients were all women. While 2 patients were 16 and 27 years old respectively, the ages of all others ranged from 32 to 61 years, the average age being 44.7 years. The patients had noticed, from six weeks to twenty years previous


Objective To observe the effects of"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus(RSV).Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5groups:PBS group,OVA/RSV group,and low,medium and high dose"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"group,with 10rats in each group.The rats in OVA/RSV group were treated with OVA and intranasal instillation of RSV to establish the models,and rats in"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"groups were treated with"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"after modeling. The bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR)was detected by Buxco system.The expressions of IFN-γ,IL-4and IL-13were detected by ELISA after sacrificing;the pathologic changes of lungs were detected by HE staining.Results The HE staining showed that"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"can improve the bronchial inflammation of rats infected with RSV.Compared with OVA/RSV group,the Penh value in treatment groups were reduced(P 0.01);no significant difference was found among the treatment groups(P0.05).Compared with PBS group,the IFN-γin the other groups were reduced(P0.01);the levels of IL-4and IL-13in OVA/RSV group were increased(P0.01),and no significant difference was found among the treatment groups(P0.05).Compared with OVA/RSV group,the IFN-γlevel was increased and the IL-4level,IL-13level were reduced in treatment groups(P0.05,P0.01).Compared with the medium dose"Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"group,the IFN-γlevel in low and high dose groups were reduced(P0.01);no significant difference was found in the levels of IL-4and IL-13(P0.05).Conclusion "Kechuan Liuwei Mixture"can control asthma infected with RSV by inhibiting the bronchial inflammation and improving the expression of inflammatory factors in lungs tissues.


Automated reaction from the system is crucial in fulfilling the technology gap integrated in the intelligent control system. Current technology either by vane meter or hot wire concept shown higher accuracy in measuring the airflow changes and movement. In contrary, the development only focus on static motion where the sensor is placed in static position and measures the changes of the airflow surroundings. Hence, this research aims is to develop preliminary design for the hyper sensitivity of the macrofluidic airflow control with the capability in measuring the airflow changes in dynamic motion. Critical consideration has been finalized in stating the crucial factor that are required to achieve the objective for this research. The consideration of the new design should cover few parameters such as the deformation which covers speed range from 0 km/h to 110 km/h indicates higher sensitivity of airflow model and 360° of the upcoming airflow coverage. The opportunity in integrating the shape memory alloy material will able to cover the huge range of speed and consideration of different shape will be implemented to enhance the performance of the dynamic airflow model sensor.


In this article it is demonstrated that DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) is an effective tool to convert CH4 and CO2 to synthesis gas (syngas, H2/CO) at low temperature and ambient pressure. The DBD is performed in the co-axial quartz cube by using the high frequency power supply. The dielectric Al2O3 grains are filled in the discharge space to improve the discharge uniformity. The synthesis gas produced in this system can have an arbitrary H2/CO ratio, mainly depending on the mixing ratio of CH4/CO2 in the feed gas. Specific electric energy also influences syngas composition. The amount of syngas produced strongly depends on the electric energy input. The energy consumption of syngas and the reaction process are investigated too.


We describe the enhanced rumor surveillance during the avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in 2004. The World Health Organization's Western Pacific Regional Office identified 40 rumors; 9 were verified to be true. Rumor surveillance informed immediate public health action and prevented unnecessary and costly responses.


In a recent paper Shapiro and Ward [1966] showed that the 27-day variation of geomagnetic disturbance indices possesses two prominent side lobes: one at about 29.4 days and the other at about 26.0 days. Coleman and Smith [1966] have claimed that the side lobes are produced by an annual amplitude modulation of the 27-day variation. Such a modulation of the principal peak at 27.4 days would in fact produce side lobes at 29.6 and 25.5 days, which are in reasonably close agreement with the observed peaks. However, Coleman and Smith did not show that such an annual amplitude modulation was in fact taking place nor did they inquire as to the amount of modulation that might be necessary to produce side lobes as large as those observed in the Ci spectrum.


Systemic amyloidosis is a disease that displays deposition of insoluble polymeric protein fibrils in tissues and organs. We report here on a case of a 64-year-old woman who initially presented with multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Computed tomography showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinal, lower cervical, supraclavicular, axillary and abdominal areas. Excision biopsy of the cervical lymph nodes and the subsequent histopathology showed amorphous eosinophilic material deposits, and these revealed apple-green birefringence on a polarizing microscopic examination on the Congo-red stained slide. The patient was diagnosed with amyloidosis and she received chemotherapy consisting of melphalan and dexamethasone. During chemotherapy, she was diagnosed with breast cancer. After modified unilateral radical mastectomy, the dexamethasone was restarted and this therapy resulted in stable disease.


Abstract Background CoNS are common blood culture (BCx) contaminants resulting in unnecessary antibiotic therapy. Species reporting of CoNS is now possible in many medical centers due to new technology. When CoNS are isolated from multiple BCx, factors such as different susceptibility patterns and/or different species might suggest contamination. The purpose of this study was to characterize antibiotic usage attributable to CoNS positive BCx and to determine whether reporting of CoNS species could help reduce unnecessary antibiotics. Methods Inpatients from January to June 2017 at our institution were screened retrospectively. During the study period, CoNS species were not reported (except S. lugdunensis). Patients (patients) ≥18 years old with ≥1 BCx positive for CoNS were included. Patients who were neutropenic, treated with staphylococcal antibiotics (SAbx) for a non-CoNS infection, or treated for CoNS with an antibiotic other than the defined SAbx were excluded. Patients were categorized into pre-defined groups: single positive BCx(Group 1), ≥2 positive BCx with different (Group 2) or same (Group 3) susceptibilities. A random sample of patients was screened until 50 Group 1 patients met study criteria. Additional data were collected on all remaining Group 2 and 3 patients in the study period, including species name obtained from laboratory database. The primary outcome was attributable use of SAbx among patients in each group. Additional analyses were performed to compare the use of SAbx among Groups 2 and 3. Results One hundred two patients were included. In the random sample (n = 76), 34% had ≥2 positive BCx. S. epidermidis was isolated more frequently in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (69% vs. 52%, P = 0.03). 74% of patients received at least 1 SAbx (97% vancomycin). Attributable use of SAbx was greater among Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001, figure). Differing susceptibilities occurred in 24/52 (46%) patients but did not impact SAbx use (P = 0.57 for DOTs, P = 0.35 for DDDs). Seventeen (33%) of patients with ≥2 positive BCxhad different species. Conclusion Significantly more SAbx were prescribed when ≥2 BCx were positive for CoNS. Since differences in susceptibilities has little effect, future studies should evaluate the impact of reporting CoNS species on appropriate antibiotic prescribing. *P < 0.001 for Group 1 vs. 2 and Group 1 vs. 3 (DOTs and DDDs). P = NS for Group 2 vs. 3. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


PURPOSE: A suction device of a rotary twin compressor is provided to simplify the manufacturing process by improving the structure of a suction port, to prevent leakage, and to reduce the manufacturing cost. CONSTITUTION: A suction device of a rotary twin compressor comprises a hermetic vessel(110) forming a suction inlet(101a) and a discharge outlet(102); a compression mechanism unit(130) having first and second cylinders(135,145) for compressing a refrigerant; a first suction passage(135a) supplying the refrigerant to the first cylinder; a second suction passage(145a) branched from the first suction passage, to supply the refrigerant to the second cylinder; and a first suction pipe(154a) connecting the first suction passage with an accumulator(150), for inflow of the refrigerant. The refrigerant passing through the accumulator comes in the first suction passage through the first suction pipe connected to the first suction inlet, some of refrigerant is supplied to the first cylinder and compressed, and the rest is supplied to the second cylinder and compressed through the second suction passage branched from the first suction passage.


Solar cells fabricated from boron-doped p-type Czochralski silicon suffer from light-induced degradation that can lower the conversion efficiency by up to 10% relative. When solar cells are exposed to temperatures between 100 °C and 200 °C under illumination, regeneration, in which the minority carrier lifetime is gradually recovered, occurs after the initial light-induced degradation. We studied the light-induced degradation and regeneration process using carrier injection within a design chamber and observed open-circuit voltage trends at various sample temperatures. We proposed a cyclic reaction kinetics model to more precisely analyze the degradation and recovery phenomenon. Our model incorporated the reaction paths that were not counted in the original model between the three states (annealed, degradation, and regeneration). We calculated a rate constant for each reaction path based on the proposed model, extracted an activation energy for each reaction using these rate constants at various temperatures, and calculated activation energies of redegradation and the stabilization reaction.


The invention relates to a composition which, depending on the user, may be taken as a nutritional, dietetic or strictly therapeutic preparation, comprising as its active substance alkaline sphingomyelinase which is capable of preventing or treating various pathological conditions including cancerous processes, inflammatory processes of the intestine, hypercholesterolaemia and infections with Helicobacter pylori.


Post natal depression is a type of clinical depression which can affect the postnatal mothers symptoms may include sadness, low energy, and changes in sleeping, eating patterns and reduced desire for sex, crying episodes, anxiety and irritability. Postnatal depression exact cause is unknown; it is believed to be due to a combination of physical, psychological, social, cultural, family factors. Women experience worry or unhappiness after delivery, PND should be observed when symptoms are severe and last over two weeks. About 15% of women experience depression around child birth. Ten to fifteen women in every hundred who give birth will experience it. A comparative study to assess the level of postnatal depression among LSCS and Normal delivery mothers in selected hospitals at Guntur. Andhra Pradesh. Objectives of the study was to assess the level of postnatal depression among LSCS and Normal delivered mothers and To compare the level of postnatal depression among LSCS and Normal delivered mothers and To associate the level of postnatal depression among LSCS and Normal delivered mothers with their selected demographic variables. Methods and approach used in the study were descriptive comparative study which was conducted on 100 post natal mothers in selected hospitals at Guntur and sample was selected from purposive sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used. Data was processed by using chi-squaretest. Result of the study was revealed that in LSCS mothers majority 33(66%) were moderate depression 11(22%) were mild depression, 5(10%) were severe depression and one person had no depression. Where as in normal delivery mothers majority 41(82%) were mild depression and 9(18%) were no depression. The paired 't' test value was 17.44 which is statistically significant at the level of p<0.05, this study was concluded that the level of postnatal depression in LSCS mothers was more than normal delivery mothers.


The present study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of a method combining immunomagnetic separation (IMS) followed by CIN agar plating and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. The immunomagnetic beads for Y. enterocolitica 03 or 08, prepared in this study, could sensitively and specifically capture serovar 03 or 08. Furthermore, all of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strains could be detected by PCR with a chromosomal gene (ail) as the target. The proposed method of combining IMS-plating and PCR with ail-primer set was shown to be capable of specifically and sensitively isolating and identifying as little as 10cfu/g of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in food and human materials within 1-2 days. In addition, the proposed method has the advantage that the bacterial colonies as living cells in the samples are available for investigating the foodborne infections.


Objectives
Volatile organic compounds (i.e., VOCs) emanating from the human skin are used to detect disease biomarkers and causes of body odour. Seven-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant (NZBC) powder reduced skin emission of 2-nonenal, a lipid peroxidation compound responsible for body odour in older adults. Anthocyanin-induced bioavailability of plasma metabolites by intake of NZBC may affect the production of VOCs. In the present study, we examined the effect of 7-day NZBC powder intake on the skin emission of 76 VOCs.

Methods
Fourteen Caucasian adults (9 males, age: 55 ± 5 yr) volunteered. Participants consumed NZBC powder for 7 days (Sujon Berries, NZ, 6 g·day-1 with 138.6 mg anthocyanin, 49 mg Vit C, 5.2 g of carbohydrates and total phenolic content of 271.6 mg per serving). Two hours after the last intake, a passive flux sampler with trapping media (MonoTrap®, DCC18, GL Science, Japan) was applied to the skin in the base of the neck for one hour, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for media analysis (Kimura et al., 2016). Participants did not use hot water or soap for 48 hrs on the skin sampling location. Dietary anthocyanin intake was quantified using a food frequency questionnaire. Data were analysed with paired, two-tailed t-test and effect size (Cohen's d) was calculated.

Results
Decreases in skin emission were observed for acetic acid (-57%, P = 0.006, d = -1.26), 2-hexanone (-47%, P = 0.031, d = -0.86), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (-93%, P = 0.005, d = -1.23), benzaldehyde (-86%, P = 0.004, d = -0.96), allyl methyl sulfide (-35%, P = 0.015, d = -0.98) and increases for γ-octanolactone (+65%, P = 0.023, d = 0.98) and γ-decanolactone (+47%, P = 0.015, d = 1.11). For these VOCs, there was no significant correlation between daily anthocyanin intake and baseline values. A trend for a decrease was observed for isovaleraldehyde, hexanal and 2-pentanone and an increase for heptanoic acid and γ-nonanolactone, all 0.05 < P < 0.1.

Conclusions
Anthocyanin-containing NZBC powder can change the emanation of some volatile organic compounds in human skin. Analysis of volatile organic compounds in human skin following nutritional interventions can address the impact of dietary components to affect human body odour and health.

Funding Sources
Sujon Berries (Nelson, NZ) provided supplements. Support for conference attendance was obtained from Blackcurrant New Zealand Inc. (NZ).


The structure of the anthracycline antibiotic iremycin isolated from Streptomyces violaceus subspecies iremyceticus has been elucidated as 10-(alpha-L-rhodosaminyl)-gamma-rhodomycinone (I) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical reactions.


S equential treatment with BCRABL inhibitors is the current paradigm for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), but this may be misguided, some are saying. A new study suggests that patients with CML may be treated more optimally with concomitant therapy using a combination of three of the agents: imatinib, dasatinib, and a new Aurora kinase inhibitor under development called VX-680. But triple combination therapy, although theoretically attractive, will probably not gain favor any time soon, according to the study's senior author, Charles Sawyers, MD, Chairman of the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. The study, with first author Neil P. Shah, MD, of the Division of Hematology/Oncology at the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, was published online last month in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (www.jci.org) (J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI30890. "Timing is everything," Dr. Sawyers said in an interview. "Patients and physicians are now happy with imaWisdom of Sequential Therapy Questioned for CML PAGE 36 / SEPTEMBER 25, 2007


The impact of heterogeneous mechanical structure of a transformer winding: existence of the turn insulation and the inner axial cooling ducts will be shown with regard to the actual mechanical characteristics of copper and insulation materials using a newly developed calculation method. For the distribution along the coil width of the wire permanent set values of the wires will be presented and the consequences discussed. The reason for settlement of the proper limits for permissible tensile stresses in the winding will be shown also.


To investigate the importance of anxiety or stress reactivity in the personality structure of delinquent and psychopathic male adults, subjects were examined by four techniques assessing the overt and autonomic responses to specific and generalized stressors, respectively. The inter-relationships of the various responses are assessed and indicate that stress reactivity ranges from extreme excitation to extreme inhibition, with a certain amount of inter-test and inter-response agreement. Subjects rated Unstable were found to fall at one or the other of the two extremes of stress reactivity, and Stable subjects to demonstrate moderate reactivity. Different forms of conduct disorder were found to be associated with different forms of stress reaction. Subjects who demonstrated subsequent social instability were found to be of low stress reactivity. The final study indicated a slight trend towards higher reactivity for subjects with histories of psychological trauma.


Measuring the state of IT alignment with business strategy is gradually becoming less elusive but practical approaches continue to be difficult to propose and execute. The results of this study indicate that higher degrees of IT strategic alignment with business occurs in Prospector and Analyzer types. Given the context of the STM model and the inclination of business strategy to center on a single type, these two models are most effective in generating IT capability over time. Defender STM types tend to lead to lower IT capability and low levels of alignment. It is recommended that the concept of IT alignment is as a function of information technology management, and the idea of making alignment solely the responsibility of the Chief Information Officer (CIO), fails to reach the goals of alignment, which requires strategic direction from a business that matches a Prospector or Analyzer type.


The present invention discloses an accessory unit, which comprises a front flap and a back cover. The cover includes a recessed portion defining a chamber and the chamber surrounding the opening of the frame extends. The chamber is configured to receive a consumer electronic device, and the frame is configured to hold a consumer electronic device therein. For example, the framework can define a multi-sided cross-section, wherein the inner edge of the frame is configured to engage the beveled edge of the consumer electronic device. May comprise a front flap sections formed by the panel, the section having a folding area between them, which allows folding the front flap is folded region. Further, the area of the front end portion of the front flap of the flap is hingedly coupled to the cover, so that the front flap is movable between an open configuration and a closed configuration.


The article refers to the formation of students with a specialty "Architecture and Urban Planning" of the educational level "Bachelor, Master" of the ability to function as subjects of the international educational space, carrying out active intercultural communication as part of their professional and scientific activities. The Bologna Declaration formulated the main goals leading to the comparability and harmonization of national educational systems of higher education in Europe. Currently, due to the active process of Ukraine's integration into the common European educational space of particular significance foreign language training of highly qualified personnel in the system of undergraduate and graduate programs. Relevant for the introduction of training programs in a foreign language in specialized disciplines in non-linguistic universities into the educational process is the process of preparation and planning by teachers of classes in the relevant disciplines. It is necessary to identify priorities, taking into account the study of these disciplines in the framework of the basic methodology, defined by many years of experience. The article focuses on the features of teaching the main core discipline of a specialty of architectural design in a foreign language. In this case, a foreign language acts as a means of increasing professional competence and personal and professional development of both teachers and students. In order to achieve a high quality education comparable to European, it is necessary to actively introduce new teaching technologies. Innovative technologies of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university include a combination of traditional and intensive teaching methods, the development of a holistic system of teaching students how to speak language on professional topics, taking into account professional training, and the development of common assessment criteria. Without the synchronization and interconnection of the work of foreign language departments and disciplines in the profile of the training, it is impossible to master professional foreign language vocabulary, develop skills in all types of speech activity, and reading and translating texts in the specialty. Foreign language training in a specialized discipline contributes to the achievement of a number of goals: obtaining skills and competencies necessary for employment, the opportunity to participate in integration activities, developing a lifelong learning culture, countering social exclusion, and promoting an active citizenship.


In order to improve the security of the Web-based ideological and political education resource information system, this paper analyzes the current privacy protection research and the privacy protection mechanism of Web services, and constructs a service framework of the ideological and political education resource information system based on the AMP module. Moreover, this paper explains the design and implementation of the overall framework, and then focuses on the design and implementation of AMP based on Agent, connection pool and sleep pool. In addition, this paper calculates the basic parameters related to the model, and describes the configuration and function of the parameters in detail. Finally, this paper applies AMP to the practice of the Web-based ideological and political education resource information system, and analyzes the system performance through experimental research. The results show that the system constructed in this paper has achieved a relatively perfect effect.


Objective: To determine the associations between health literacy, the reasons for seeking health information, and the information sources utilized by Taiwanese adults. Method: A cross-sectional survey of 752 adults residing in rural and urban areas of Taiwan was conducted via questionnaires. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: Health literacy was found to be lower among adults who were older, with lower educational attainment, with lower household income, with blue-collar occupation, and living in rural areas. After socio-demographic characteristics were controlled for, adults with adequate health literacy were significantly more likely than adults with inadequate or marginal health literacy to report desires for health-related information, autonomous medical decision making, and finding information on their own, as reasons for seeking health information. Adults with inadequate or marginal health literacy were more likely to cite recommendations from medical professionals and hesitation to ask medical professionals questions as their reasons for seeking health information. Adults with adequate health literacy were significantly more likely than those with inadequate or marginal health literacy to obtain health information from the Internet, books, newspapers, and magazines, and were less likely to seek health information from alternative care providers. Conclusion: The findings suggest the need to consider target groups' health literacy when developing health education programmes. More attention must be focused on providing interventions that motivate information seeking and improve information-seeking skills for adults with limited health literacy.


With the rising of green building,to revealing its features and connotations,it becomes a problem deserving pondering for how to develop greening building as tour resources.In this paper,the notion of ecotourism is analyzing.From the different notions existing now,the connotations of ecotourism are summed up.Then,on the basis of the notion and specialties of green building,five feasibilities are concluded,and the feasible form of the tour of green building are brought forward.


Most community-acquired infections are due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and, less commonly, Moraxella catarrhalis. Staphylococcus aureus may be the cause during the influenza season. Infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa may also cause exacerbations of COPD. Known viral causes of exacerbations of COPD include rhinoviruses, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Common pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, particulates, sulfur dioxide and ozone may also trigger exacerbations.


The market situation of Chinese baby skin care product,the targeted consumer group and the product safety were related.The trend of the market segmentation and the different marketing strategy were analyzed.It is pointed out that such factors as birth rate of Chinese baby,increase of population wealth emerging level in market will become the main drive of baby skin care product market.The future opportunities as well as challenges Chinese baby skin care product market faced were undertaken.


The objective of the study is to understand the functioning of Iraq's food grain market and the relative roles of the public and private sectors. Its tasks are to obtain an analysis of available secondary data on domestic supply and demand of food grain using estimates of production, imports, government distribution and consumption and examine available price data to assess the extent of price variations and the extent to which markets appear to be integrated. This study forms the first phase of a paper on Iraq's food grain markets, which is one of the background papers for the preparation by the World Bank of a policy brief on social protection and options for food security in Iraq.


With the growth of industrialization and modernization, it has now become essential for any country to construct and develop the basic infrastructure like highways, high speed rails, metro trains, bridges, schools, colleges, hospitals, strong air vehicle network etc. Development of these basic requisites has created a strong demand for production of steel. And we are doing so. We are now 4th largest steel producer in world. But production of steel and its products is only one step towards a sustained growth. We are facing strong challenges in maintaining the quality of steel products. Atmospheric corrosion of almost all parts of these structural elements can cause serious losses to lives, a great loss of money and times as well. Atmospheric corrosion can aggressively accelerate the rate of degradation of steel during their manufacturing, processing, storage and transportation. In these cases, traditional methods to prevent corrosion are not suitable which provide scope of Original Research Article Saini et al.; IRJPAC, 11(1): 1-10, 2016; Article no.IRJPAC.22529 2 vapour phase corrosion inhibitors in industries, defense and daily life. Corrosion inhibition property of Thiourea is tested with aliphatic amines i,e. 1,3-Diaminopropane, N,N,N,NTetramethylethylenediamine and Ethylamine for mild steel in different aggressive atmospheric conditions of chloride ions and sulphurdioxide by Vapour pressure determination test, Weight loss test, Salt spray test and Sulphur dioxide test at 50°C . It is found that percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency of combinations are in order of Thiourea+N,N,N,N-Tetramethylethylenediamine > Thiourea+Ethylamine > Thiourea+1,3-Diaminopropane. Chloride ions affect the barrier layer of corrosion inhibitor on surface of mild steel coupon and produce porosity on mild steel surface. Mechanism of action of corrosion inhibitors and effect of aggressive corrodent on the surface of mild steel are supported by morphology of mild steel studied by Metallurgical research microcopy and Scanning electron microcopy. Results of scanning electron microscopy provide the evidence of crevice corrosion, formation of barrier layer of vapours of vapour phase corrosion inhibitors and penetration of that barrier layer by chloride ions on mild steel surface. It is found that percentage corrosion inhibition efficiency of Thiourea + N,N,N,N-Tetramethylethylenediamine is very high (80.98%) in weight loss test but become little bit low in NaCl and sulphurdioxide environments by aggressive action of chloride and sulphate ions respectively.


We present a modified cluster expansion to describe single‐photon emitters in a semiconductor environment. We calculate microscopically to what extent semiconductor features in quantum dot‐wetting layer systems alter the exciton and photon dynamics in comparison to the atom‐like emission dynamics. We access these systems by the photon‐probability‐cluster‐expansion: a reliable approach for few photon dynamics in many body electron systems. As a first application, we show that the amplitude of vacuum Rabi flops determines the number of electrons in the quantum dot.


Background: Key success factors for significantly improving patient satisfaction on breast cancer care are not well known. Data obtained over a period of 6 years in a breast cancer clinic provide a portrait of the evolution of patient satisfaction on quality of care. Methods: We measured 19 patient satisfaction items and 6 groups of 60 consecutive Primary Operable Breast Cancer patients filled in the (validated) questionnaire. A first group prior and a second group after the implementation of a clinical pathway, a third group after the introduction of a breast cancer nurse following patients systematically only postoperatively, a fourth group having an additional consultation of the breast nurse in the diagnostic and preoperative phase and a fifth and sixth group after implementing education sessions for hospital staff and the Eusoma and other national guidelines. Results: We found that the successive modifications of the care process resulted in an improvement of patient satisfaction for all items and for 16 of the 19 items these improvements were significant. The number of items for which dissatisfaction was higher than 5% diminished from 18 to 3 of the 19 items (group 6 versus group 1). Conclusion: Significant improvements were only achieved by combining the implementation of a clinical pathway, a specialist breast nurse, education sessions and Eusoma and national guidelines. In particular, the role of the specialist breast cancer nurse was found to be of major importance to coordinate the care process and guide patients through the pre- and post-operative phase of their treatment.


Carotene was obtained from a methyl alcohol solution of the unsaponifiable fraction of the lipids of lettuce. After recrystallization from petroleum ether, the melting point was 179.5-180°. 200 mg. were obtained from approximately 150 kilos of fresh lettuce. The crystal form differs depending on the solvent from which it is crystallized: from petroleum ether, rhombohedrons; chloroform and methyl alcohol, needles; carbon disulfide and absolute alcohol, clusters of needles; petroleum ether and methyl alcohol, square plates; acetone, triangular plates. The different crystal habits are all members of the hexagonal system. On long standing at room temperature, or on heating for 24 hours at 105°, the crystals bleach, without losing their form. This fading is from the outer edge inward, showing a sharp line of demarcation between the unchanged carotene and the bleached or "achroo-carotene". There is no change in weight, and the bleaching is accomplished as easily in nitrogen as in oxygen. Formerly hexagonal, the crystals are now isometric, denoting a radical change in the molecular structure. Achroo-carotene has no physiological activity. Carotene is efficacious in curing the xerophthalmia, and allowing a resumption of growth, in vitamin A deficient rats. 0.005 mg. per day seems to be the practical minimum dose, although several individual rats have been able to grow on less. The effect of giving carotene continues for some time after the dosage has been stopped, and there seems to be a quantitative relationship between the amount given and the weight increase obtained, whether the carotene be given in one dose or in divided doses. 0.005 mg. allows a growth of at least 2 gm., the average growth increment being 3 to 5 gm. for this amount. This corresponds closely to Sherman's vitamin A unit.


This study is concerned with a stabilisation problem of a boundary controlled fractional reaction diffusion (FRD) system with mixed or Robin boundary conditions. The contribution of this study is to utilise boundary feedback control to stabilise the FRD system with mixed or Robin boundary conditions in terms of the backstepping method. Specifically, three backstepping-based boundary feedback controllers have been proposed to address the stabilisation problem of the FRD system with mixed or Robin boundary conditions, including Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin backstepping-based boundary feedback controllers. Moreover, based on Lyapunov-based Mittag–Leffler stability theory, we prove that the FRD system with mixed or Robin boundary conditions is Mittag–Leffler stable by the proposed three backstepping-based boundary feedback controllers. Finally, the numerical efforts of the open-loop and the closed-loop solutions of the FRD systems with mixed or Robin boundary conditions are presented by two numerical experiments to verify the validness of our results.


The marketisation of heritage has been a major topic of interest among heritage specialists studying how the online marketplace shapes sales. Missing from that debate is a large-scale analysis seeking to understand market trends on popular selling platforms such as eBay. Sites such as eBay can inform what heritage items are of interest to the wider public, and thus what is potentially of greater cultural value, while also demonstrating monetary value trends. To better understand the sale of heritage on eBay's international site, this work applies named entity recognition using conditional random fields, a method within natural language processing, and word dictionaries that inform on market trends. The methods demonstrate how Western markets, particularly the US and UK, have dominated sales for different cultures. Roman, Egyptian, Viking (Norse/Dane) and Near East objects are sold the most. Surprisingly, Cyprus and Egypt, two countries with relatively strict prohibition against the sale of heritage items, make the top 10 selling countries on eBay. Objects such as jewellery, statues and figurines, and religious items sell in relatively greater numbers, while masks and vessels (e.g. vases) sell at generally higher prices. Metal, stone and terracotta are commonly sold materials. More rare materials, such as those made of ivory, papyrus or wood, have relatively higher prices. Few sellers dominate the market, where in some months 40% of sales are controlled by the top 10 sellers. The tool used for the study is freely provided, demonstrating benefits in an automated approach to understanding sale trends.


Objective To explore the operative techniques and experience in 60 cases of anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms treated with microsurgery via pterional approach. Methods 60 patients with ACoA aneurysms underwent microsurgery through pterional approach. The clinical manifestations, angiograms, and surgical operation were retrospectively analyzed. Results Preoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) could identify the size and shape of the AcoA aneurysms, as well as the A1 dominant signs character. Among the 60 cases with AcoA aneurysms that were all successfully occluded, 51 patients were discharged in good condition, 3 patients suffered from moderate disability, 4 were in severe disability and 2 died. Conclusion There is a close relationship between hypoplasia of Al segments and AcoA aneurysms. Early clipping of AcoA aneurysms (within 3 days) can prevent death and deterioration of condition caused by aneurysmal re-rupture. To master the microsurgical techniques and use correct treatment while aneurysm is ruptured during operation, it is important to elevate the operation achievement ratio. To clear up haematocele in the cistern and use the papaverine to wash the cistern during operation, it can relieve the secondary cerebral vasospasm, and improving the prognosis of patients.