The Dutch AIBO Team is a multi-institute team which competes in the 4-legged robot league of RoboCup since 2004. Our team combines serious research with serious fun: collaborative autonomous (intelligent) systems are applied in Soccer, our shared application domain. This team description paper briefly outlines our current activities for RoboCup 2005.


To provide a small-sized antenna device which is suitable for installation in a portable information terminal. A While the end portion, the first power supply terminal 12 for supplying a high-frequency signal, a second high-frequency signal power can be supplied to the first high-frequency signal and the same time a feeding terminal 14 at the other end of the antenna element 11 having opposite ends, a substantially central portion, and a ground terminal 16 for connection to ground, a signal of a plurality of frequency bands with a single antenna element 11 was set to be shared in the same time. .FIELD 4


We describe the QoS‐based rerouting algorithm that is designed to implement a two‐phase inter‐switch handoff scheme for wireless ATM networks. We propose to use path extension for each inter‐switch handoff, and invoke path optimization when the handoff path exceeds the delay constraint or maximum path extension hops constraint. We study three types of path optimization schemes: combined QoS‐based, delay‐based and hop based path rerouting schemes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


'Manu' is an important legendary figure of Hinduism. It is a title given to a progenitor of mankind. Its character also has close resemblance with the character of the Prophet Noah. It is he who saved mankind from the great flood after being warned by the god Vishnu and advised of making a giant boat. This article aims to study the character of 'Manu' in Hinduism.


Value-at-Risk analysis and least squares tail index estimation R.W.J. van den Goorbergh The empirical evidence of heavy tails in stock return data is recognised by risk managers as an important factor in assessing the Value-at-Risk and risk profile of investment portfolios. Tail index estimation apprears to be a tailor-made tool for estimating the extreme quantiles of heavy tailed distributions, as it exploits the information provided by the extreme observations. The tail shape of heavy tailed distributions resembles—to a first approximation—the hyperbolic shape of the Pareto distribution characterised by the so-called tail index. Usually, a Hill-type estimator is used to estimate this tail index. This paper takes a new approach that hinges to a lesser extent on the choice of the threshold level and is easier to apply, by estimating the tail shape via least squares.


Even under constant operating conditions, greases lubricating lead screw assemblies, as well as materials comprising their nut and screw threads, must perform over a range of contact pressures that not only varies from thread to thread but also evolves with the sliding distance as most heavily loaded threads wear most rapidly. An example modeled here, consisting of a nut whose bulk body is rigid and an elastic screw body having continuous elastic meshed threads, reveals the broad distribution of load along the length of the nut threads in an unworn lead screw assembly, as well as the distribution of wear depth that must accompany an eventual steady-state of uniform rate of nut thread wear. Thread load redistributions brought on by changes in operating conditions such as applied load, or even temperature in the case of a nut/screw pair of dissimilar materials, are similarly modeled. Such load redistributions in worn lead screws may cause either the top or the bottom positions of the nut thread to become most heavily loaded, depending on whether an operating condition is increased or decreased. Most importantly, the extent of these redistributions using this continuous thread model can significantly exceed those predicted by an earlier preliminary model where threads were considered as discrete turns and contact pressures could only be described as an average value over each turn. The operating condition changes are shown capable of causing worn threads at either extreme of the nut to become momentarily unloaded and removed from the contact, and this continuous-thread model indicates that even smaller changes in the operating condition can initiate such unloading, as compared to predictions from the discrete-thread model.


In this paper the region specificity of Tn 2 insertion in the lacZ gene of E. coli is described.1. Strain C600 (RSF 1030) which carries a Flac+ was used as donor in a cross with a lac deletion and Str strain CSH50. Apr transconjugants were selected on streptomycin and ampicillin contemning EMB plates, 33 independent lac- mutants were isolated.2. In order to determine the insertion region of Tn 2 into lac Z, a series of crosses with partially overlapping lac Z deletion mutants was made. The result suggested that 22 out of 33 insertion occur on 1-2 deletion intervals of lac Z.


OF THE DISCLOSURE A catalyst active for the olefin reaction including ole fin disproportionation comprising a compound of copper, silver, or gold complexed with a selected complexing agent (e.g., triphenylphosphine) and combined with an organoaluminum compound (e.g., methylaluminum ses quichloride). This application is a continuation-in-part of our co pending application Ser. No. 635,693, filed May 3, 1967 now abandoned. This invention relates to the conversion of olefins and to a homogeneous coordination complex catalyst for such conversion. In one aspect, this invention relates to the olefin reaction. In another aspect, it relates to the conver sion of olefins to other olefins having different molec ular weights. In still another aspect, it relates to a novel homogeneous, coordination complex catalyst system. The term "olefin reaction," as used herein, is defined as a process for the catalytic conversion over a catalyst of a feed comprising one or more ethylenically unsaturated compounds to produce a resulting product which con tains at least ten percent by weight of product com pounds, which product compounds can be visualized as resulting from at least one primary reaction, as defined below, or the combination of at least one primary reac tion and at least one unsaturated bond isomerization re action, and wherein the sum of the compounds contained in said resulting product consisting of hydrogen, saturated hydrocarbons, and compounds which can be visualized as formed by skeletal isomerization but which cannot be visualized as formed by one or more of the above-noted reactions, comprises less than twenty-five percent by weight of the total of said resulting product. Feed compo nents and unsaturated bond isomers thereof are not in cluded in the resulting product for the purposes of deter mining the above-noted percentages. In the olefin reaction, as defined above, the primary reaction is a reaction which can be visualized as com prising the breaking of two existing unsaturated bonds between first and second carbon atoms and between third and fourth carbon atoms, respectively, and the formation of two new unsaturated bonds. Said first and second car bon atoms and said third and fourth carbon atoms can be in the same or different molecules. The olefin reaction according to this invention is illus trated by the following reactions: (1) The disproportionation of an acrylic monoor polyene having at least three carbon atoms into other acrylic monoor polyenes of both higher and lower num ber of carbon atoms; for example, the disproportiona tion of propylene yields ethylene and butenes; the dispro portionation of 1,5-hexadiene yields ethylene and 1,5,9decatriene; (2) The conversion of an acrylic monoor polyene hav ing three or more carbon atoms and a different acrylic monoor polyene having three or more carbon atoms 5


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic metal stenting in lef t colon malignant obstruction as decompression bridging therapy and palliative t herapy. Methods Twelve pathologically confirmed and surgically indicated patients with left colo n malignant obstruction underwent metal stent placement as decompression treatme nt. Permanent metal stent placement was performed in 5 left colon cancer obstru ction patients without surgical indication. The successful rate of stent deploym ent, procedure-related complication, stent patency and long-term complication were observed in treated patients. Results ①Stent placement was successful on the first occasion in 15 of 17 (88%) cases, and total successful rate was 100%. No severe procedure-related complication wa s found. ②The mean duration of placed stent in bridging cases was 6.1 days(4-9 days), and all patients were transferred to one-stage tumor resection after d ecompression by bridging stent and bowel preparation without complications of fi stula development and intraperitoneal infection. One case developed colon perfor ation 4 days after stent insertion and received immediate operation. ③ The mean effective patency duration of placed stent in palliative cases was 81.7 days(61 -119 days). Tumor ingrowth and reobstruction were noticed in 2 cases, within 62 and 119 days respectively. Stent migration within 61 days in 1 patient was deve loped. Conclusions As an effective and safe bridging palliative therapy, decompression metal stent p lacement may be applied to unresectable and metastatic left colon malignant canc er patients without surgical indication.


When adopting cloud computing, cybersecurity needs to be applied to detect and protect against malicious intruders to improve the organization's capability against cyberattacks. Having network intrusion detection with zero false alarm is a challenge. This is due to the asymmetry between informative features and irrelevant and redundant features of the dataset. In this work, a novel machine learning based hybrid intrusion detection system is proposed. It combined support vector machine (SVM) and genetic algorithm (GA) methodologies with an innovative fitness function developed to evaluate system accuracy. This system was examined using the CICIDS2017 dataset, which contains normal and most up-to-date common attacks. Both algorithms, GA and SVM, were executed in parallel to achieve two optimal objectives simultaneously: obtaining the best subset of features with maximum accuracy. In this scenario, an SVM was employed using different values of hyperparameters of the kernel function, gamma, and degree. The results were benchmarked with KDD CUP 99 and NSL-KDD. The results showed that the proposed model remarkably outperformed these benchmarks by up to 5.74%. This system will be effective in cloud computing, as it is expected to provide a high level of symmetry between information security and detection of attacks and malicious intrusion.


Creating and using suited pedagogy for e-learning during pandemic must be focusing on the subjects being taught. Integrating new teaching methods and classroom management that maximize students' participation must be identified and used. This paper discusses the challenges to choose or develop appropriate pedagogical tools to improvise teaching-learning environment. It also suggests the inevitable need for following the virtual classroom management techniques to lighten up the e-learning system. The aim of the paper is to discuss the challenges in redesigning the pedagogy suitable to the virtual learning in terms of subjects, mode of delivery and to suggest pedagogical tools to address the possible challenges. The objectives of the research paper is to identify the challenges in adapting a pedagogy suitable for the e-classes and methods can be used to address the challenges. Discourse Analysis in education is used as the research methodology. The paper was written by applying the pedagogical theory of Hebart and learning style theory by Neil D. Fleming and Coleen E. Mills. Teachers and students are struggling to cope-up with the new education system in the pandemic. This study identifies the major challenges teachers face to teach online and suggests a method which can be adopted to CJAR Accepted 31 August 2020 Published 31 august 2020 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4013328 Volume: 1, Issue: 5 Page: 1-7 YEAR: 2020 ISSN: 2708-4841(Print), 2708-7042 (Online) Commonwealth Journal of Academic Research (CJAR.EU) Volume: 1, Issue: 5, Year: 2020 Page: 1-7 2 Commonwealth Journal of Academic Research (CJAR.EU) Email: email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com Website: cjar.eu Published By TWCMSI International each the total teaching-learning process.


The fabrication method of glass bipolar plates for micro PEM fuel cell application has been established and performance evaluation has been carried out. The advantages of glass bipolar plates for micro PEM fuel cells are light weight, high chemical resistivity, and easy manufacture. The MEMS fabrication process of anisotropic wet etching, thermal & UV bonding along with metal layer deposition has been introduced. From performance evaluation, it was shown that the micro fuel cell with a metal layer deposited on the reactive area yielded higher power density than the one without it. But both power densities of the two cases showed out to be adequate with the current status of micro fuel cell technology.


The present study aims to investigate the key organizational factors that impact on the blockchain adoption in the Greek public sector during the current pandemic, which caused many changes in the ways that organizations operate and offer their services. A qualitative method was used through 78 structured interviews with public servants, regarding the digital transformation and the internal factors that hinder the successful integration of blockchain technologies during the current pandemic. The results showed that factors such as employees' training, organizational culture and leadership, in addition to the lack of equipment, had great impact on the adoption and the successful integration of blockchain in the Greek public administration. Another crucial finding is that public servants consider the current pandemic as an opportunity and not as a threat for radical changes and improvements in the provision of their services, while they also stated that blockchain technologies can improve the ways that they provide public services to citizens and thus they will enhance the sense of public trust to public sector.


Elements like potassium and sodium have a negative impact on the blast furnace performance. Therefore, the flow of alkali metals in and out of the reactor has to be controlled. In the furnace, the chemical and physical properties of K and Na lead to the formation of a circulating movement. To point out the characteristics of this alkali‐cycle, a thermochemical model is developed. The program is linked with the databases of Factsage 7.0. Based on a defined standard process, the alkali distribution in particular regions of the reactor is calculated. The results of the calculations show the enrichment of alkalis in the blast furnace, the stability of chosen alkali compounds over the reactor height, and the alkali load in the output flows (slag, metal, and top gas). Furthermore, a modification of the model is done by the addition of halogens (chlorine, fluorine). A significant coherence is observed between the formation of alkali and halogen compounds. The results of the model are compared and confirmed by the validation of investigations on industrial plants.


The present invention vegetation and control use the functional method of producing a concrete block with the bioceramics and related to the functional concrete blocks manufactured thereby, and more particularly a mixture of bio-ceramic 50 to 65% by weight of loess 35 to 50% by weight to prepare a primary mixture, and; To the aggregate of 50-80% by weight of cement 20-25 parts by weight of the cement and 30% to 35% by admixture and 3-5% by weight of the cement by weight fiber reinforcing material was added to prepare a second mixture, and; Wherein said primary mixture and 7-20% by weight into the second mixture 70 to 90% by weight into a mixer and mixed with the addition of water 3 to 10% by weight; The step of molding the final mixture in an oscillatory manner to the pressure; Comprising the step of curing the molded product of 50 to 90 minutes at a steam system at a temperature of 50 to 70 ℃, also relates to a concrete functional block produced in the same manner as described above.


ABSTRACT Mothers' wages tend to be lower than those of equivalent childless women, and many researchers have reported on this 'motherhood wage penalty'. We explore the relationship between pre-school children and their mothers' wages to estimate the short-term effects of the 'motherhood wage penalty' and test the mechanisms of the 'motherhood wage penalty' in terms of changes in mothers' mindsets. In addition, a novel instrumental variable was found. Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies, we find that children in China have a significant negative impact on the increase in mothers' wages. The penalty is most severe for the low-income group. The reduction in mothers' career enthusiasm after childbirth explains only 3.5% of the wage gap, suggesting that the wage penalty for mothers may come mainly from extrinsic factors. In addition, we find that grandparent care and the establishment of public childcare centres are effective in mitigating the 'motherhood wage penalty', and that delaying retirement may be detrimental to mothers' wage increases.


The paper presents the main statistical characteristics of the underlying error process in the case of the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) system. The transmission system consists of a Gaussian minimum shift (GMSK) modulator, a multipath propagation channel and a differential demodulator. Corresponding error sequences are generated and analysed for different channel parameters. Relevant statistical parameters for channel coding design and evaluation are presented and determined from the individual error sequences by direct processing using a descriptive modelling approach.


Abstract : Any measure of lithographic sensitivity must take into account both the events during exposure (latent image formation) and their subsequent conversion into an etch-resistant stencil (real image formation) by selective dissolution. Poly(methyl methacrylate), a popular positive chain-scissioning resist, is developed by dissolving exposed areas. Poly(chloromethyl styrene), a negative resist, crosslinks on exposure and is developed by dissolving the unexposed polymer. In each case the equations relating primary exposure events to parameters such as molecular weight need to be coupled with the dissolution characteristics to define sensitivity. The reconciliation of lithographic sensitivity (and resolution) with conventional radiation measurements also requires an understanding of important secondary phenomena. Some, like microporosity and gel-swelling, may also depend on the initial molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer.


Threat assessment is one of the key factors in air defense operation. According to the feature of modern air defense operation and by analyzing the factors of threat assessment, a new method of threat assessment is given, which is aimed at synthetic threat combining static threat and dynamic threat, and the factors of static threat and dynamic threat are analyzed, and the corresponding criteria are quantified. A mathematical model is established according to the real situations in air defense operation and by applying the theory and method of fuzzy decision and fuzzy comprehensive assessment, an example is given and the validity of the model is proved. This model can also be used to assess threat in air defense of other arms of the army.


In order to test the hypothesis that Class I protostellar binary stars are a product of ejections during the dynamical decay of nonhierarchical multiple systems, we combined the results of new adaptive optics (AO) observations of Class I protostars with our previously published AO data to investigate whether Class I protostars with a widely separated companion (r > 200 AU) are more likely to also have a close companion (r < 200 AU). In total, we observed 47 embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) with either the Subaru natural guide star AO system or the Keck laser guide star AO system. We found that targets with a widely separated companion within 5000 AU are not more likely to have a close companion. However, targets with another YSO within a projected separation of 25,000 AU are much more likely to have a close companion. Most importantly, every target with a close companion has another YSO within a projected separation of 25,000 AU. We came to the same conclusions after considering a restricted sample of targets within 500 pc and close companions wider than 50 AU to minimize incompleteness effects. The Orion star-forming region was found to have an excess of both close binaries and YSOs within 25,000 AU compared to other star-forming regions. We interpret these observations as strong evidence that many close Class I binary stars form via ejections and that many of the ejected stars become unbound during the Class I phase.


With the overwhelming demand for wireless devices, cognitive radios (CRs) have been envisioned to be applied in the vehicular communications in the near future. In the moving vehicular scenario, reliable detection of the primary user and the interference‐aware power allocation to the vehicular secondary users (VSUs) are amongst the main challenging issues in CR. So, this paper proposes techniques to evaluate the false alarm probability and detection probability on the basis of the spatial correlation among the vehicular users in a soft decision fusion‐based CR vehicular ad hoc network. Further, an attempt has been made to optimize the power allocation to the VSUs. The energy efficiency maximization problem is formulated under the constraints of maximum transmission power limit, interference to the primary receiver and the minimum achievable data rate. For the nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem to be solved, the parametric transformation is used. The power allocation to the VSUs satisfying the nonlinear constraints is solved by our proposed adaptive scheme on the basis of normalized least mean square algorithm. The relevant simulation results provided show the efficacy of our proposed scheme, and the effect of different network parameters is also studied.


i Acknowledgements ii Table of contents iii List of tables v Chapter One: Introduction 1 He Mihi 1 My personal interest 2 Background 2 Rationale 3 Research aims 4 Research questions 4 Organisation of the research chapters ...5 Chapter Two: Literature Review 6 Overview 6 Historical origins ..6 Motives behind same-age and multi-age groups 8 Government involvement 8 Family and community needs 12 The advantages and disadvantages 13 Same-age settings 13 Multi-age settings 14 New Zealand's bicultural context 20 Summary 23 Chapter Three: Research Methodology 24 Epistemelogical approach 24 Interpretivism approach 25 Qualitative research as a methodological choice 26 Data collection method: Focus group interviews 27 The inclusion of Māori 31 Data validity 33


The Journey to The RoadEach day is more gray than the one before. Each night is darker-beyond darkness. The world gets colder week by week as the planet slowly dies. No animals have survived. The crops are long gone.-The Man, The Road (2009)John hillcoat's adaptation of Cormac McCarthy's novel The Road (2006) is one of a succession of eco-apocalyptic films to have emerged from Hollywood in the last decade; it joins the likes of The Day after Tomorrow (2004), Children of Men (2006), and Avatar (2009) to name but a few. These films are arguably as connected to the turbulent geopolitical climate of the first decade of the new millennium as Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and Night of the Living Dead (1967) were to the Cold War ideologies of the 1950s and 60s. This article regards the proliferation of science fiction films with such an ecological focus as an expression of the prevailing fears concerning the apparent deteriorating environmental status of the planet, alarm at rapidly diminishing resources, and the fear that society has reached what many regard as some sort of ecological and moral tipping point from which there might be no return. Jared Diamond, the author of Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive, has written,Many people fear that ecocide has now come to overshadow nuclear war and emerging diseases as a threat to global civilization. The environmental problems facing us today include the same eight that undermined past societies, plus four new ones: human-caused climate change, build up of toxic chemicals in the environment, energy shortages, and full utilization of the Earth's photosynthetic capacity. Most of these twelve threats, it is claimed, will become globally critical within the next few decades: either we solve the problems by then, or the problems will un- dermine not just Somalia but also First World societies. (7)1McCarthy and Hillcoat's narrative in The Road concerns itself with many of these particularly timely matters in a variety of ways: portray- ing not only issues of climate change and resource scarcity, but also species eradication and ultimately the possible extinction of the human race itself. The novel on which the film is based became a publishing phenomenon on its release in 2006, a critical and commercial behemoth, culminating in its author, Cormac McCarthy, being awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. Shortly after the book's release, Nick Wechsler, who had produced Drugstore Cowboy (1989), Requiem for a Dream (2000), and 25th Hour (2002), acquired the rights to the film. Wechsler understood that the bleak (a word that almost every review of the novel and film seems contractually obliged to contain) and unconventional nature of the material would make a successful adaptation difficult:There were other people who made offers, but they weren't large, because they were afraid of the material, obviously. It's very dark stuff. I simply responded to the book. I had no idea that it was going to gain the momentum that it did, become that talked about, that it would win the Pulitzer, get on Oprah. All of a sudden, I could see this was very precious to people, that there was a kind of public trust associated with this book. And we felt incredible pressure on delivering the movie that we felt would be a valid adaptation. (qtd. in Chiarella)Wechsler turned to John Hillcoat, who had directed the well-received film The Proposition (2005), a poetic and violent Australian outback Western heavily influenced by the writings of both Joseph Conrad and Cormac McCarthy him- self. With Viggo Mortensen cast in the role of the unnamed Man and Kodi Smit-McPhee cast as the Boy, the film began shooting in Febru- ary 2008 with a modest budget of $20 million dollars.2 Principal photography ended on May 2008, and a release date was scheduled for November of the same year. When that date came and went with no sign of the film, official sources stated that the reason was the need to finalize digital effects and other postproduc- tion work; however, many speculated that the Weinstein Company did not quite know what to do with a film that would later be described by many reviewers as "disturbing" (Roddick 33) and frequently "horrific" (Travers). …


Compost application can contribute to agricultural sustainability. Municipal solid waste compost has been the subject of most of the research done so far. Farm compost (FC) has a different composition. It is made of varying ingredients available on the farm, e.g., wood chips and bark, manure, straw, crop residues and surplus grass and soil. Information is currently lacking on the agronomic value and environmental impact of FC. Therefore, a long-term field experiment was established to quantify the effect of FC application on crop performance and soil quality in a crop rotation of potatoes, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. This paper presents the results of the first four years of the ongoing field trial. In the fourth year of the experiment, the annual FC amendment resulted in a significant increase in dry matter yield for all four crops. Our results suggested that the positive effect of continual FC application was based on a combination of a slow release of nitrogen and providing better growing opportunities to the crops. Results on the effect of FC on the residual nitrate content in the soil, disease suppression and DM content of the crops are not yet decisive.


Context: Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders and is characterized by stiffness of waste and difficult defecation. In modern medicine, different laxative drugs are used for the treatment of constipation, but they are not without side effects. Nonetheless, the appropriate use of herbal medicines can be beneficial for treating this disorder. Therefore, this study attempted to draw together some pharmacological and medical insights into the management of constipation through the use of Iranian traditional medicine (ITM). Evidence Acquisition: In this review article, we initially researched constipation and laxative herbs using some of the most famous ancient medical and pharmacological textbooks pertaining to Iranian medicine written from the 10 to 18 century AD. This includes The canon of medicine by Avicenna (10 and 11 centuries, Beirut publication), Makhzan-ol-advie by Aghili (18 century, Tehran University of Medical Science Press), and Al-shamel by Gharashi (13 century, Caltural foundation Publication). Then we extracted the names and laxative mechanisms of some herbs prescribed for constipation through ITM. Finally, a search of scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar was performed to find related works concerning laxative mechanisms. Results: In ITM doctrine, laxatives are weak purgatives that lead to the defecation of waste from the gastrointestinal tract. From this perspective, laxative herbs can be classified into two groups based on their nature: laxative herbs with a hot nature cause the dilution and flowing of humors, but herbs with a cold nature function as laxatives due to their mucilage properties. Each of the laxatives was used in accordance with the primary reason for constipation. Conclusions: This study presents medical and pharmacological approaches in ITM for dealing with complications arising from constipation. Considering the optimistic results, these herbs can be used as a means of constipation management and further investigation into this area can potentially lead to the formulation of new drugs.


High resolution infrared spectra of a previously unidentified noncyclic isomer of (CO2)3 have been obtained via direct absorption of a 4.3 μm diode laser in a slit jet supersonic expansion. Two vibrational bands (labeled νI and νIII) are observed, corresponding to the two most infrared active linear combinations of the three constituent CO2 monomer asymmetric stretches: νI is redshifted −5.85 cm−1 from the monomer vibrational origin and is predominately a c‐type band of an asymmetric top, while νIII is blueshifted +3.58 cm−1 and is predominately an a‐type band. Transitions with Ka+Kc=odd (even) in the ground (excited) state are explicitly absent from the spectra due to the zero nuclear spin of CO2; this rigorously establishes that the noncyclic isomer has a C2 symmetry axis. The vibrational shifts and relative intensities of the bands are interpreted via a resonant dipole interaction model between the high‐frequency stretches of the CO2 monomers. Rotational constants are determined by fits of transition f...


Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the key technologies for 5G, where the system capacity can be increased by allowing simultaneous transmission of multiple users at the same radio resource. The most of the proportional fairness (PF)–based resource allocation studies for NOMA systems assumes full buffer traffic model, while the traffic in real‐life scenarios is generally nonfull buffer. In this paper, we propose User Demand–Based Proportional Fairness (UDB‐PF) and Proportional User Satisfaction Fairness (PUSF) algorithms for user scheduling and power allocation in NOMA downlink systems when traffic demands of the users are limited and time‐varying. UDB‐PF extends the PF‐based scheduling by allocating optimum power levels towards satisfying the traffic demand constraints of user pair in each resource block. The objective of PUSF is to maximize the network‐wide user satisfaction by allocating sufficient frequency and power resources according to traffic demands of the users. In both cases, user groups are selected first to simultaneously transmit their signals at the same frequency resource, while the optimal transmission power level is assigned to each user to optimize the underlying objective function. In addition, the genetic algorithm (GA) approach is employed for user group selection to reduce the computational complexity. When the user traffic rate requirements change rapidly over time, UDB‐PF yields better sum rate (throughput) while PUSF provides better network‐wide user satisfaction results compared with the PF‐based user scheduling. We also observed that the GA‐based user group selection significantly reduced the computational load while achieving the comparable results of the exhaustive search.


Universal access to information and knowledge is the basic condition for improving the quality of life in developing countries. Nowadays the sharing of information is made easier by the evolution and diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). In this framework a web-based platform, the World Food Security E-Center (WFSEC), was developed by the University of Milan with the goal of fighting food emergencies by transferring competences and adequate solutions to rural communities. In addition, we designed a blockchain structure for the WFSEC in order to allow a controlled exchange of the IoT data and to obtain a self-financing network by the exchange of tickets as electronic money.


Throughout this chapter, we will seek to understand fundamental aspects of the application of marketing techniques as a philosophy of administrative action in an information units, as the information has an exchange value, is a benefit, with actual cost, which is useful and should be viewed as a production input. It is conceptualized and exposes a historical evolution of marketing in information units, in a scenario of increasing technological advances, which the management vision of managers requires adapting to changes and innovations in marketing. It discusses the impact factor of Web technologies as a marketing tool for information units. It presents a case study of strategic marketing of the Library of Federal University of Lavras - Minas Gerais.


For the manufacture of a thiol by the action of hydrogen sulphide with an alcohol, using a zirconium oxide catalyst doped with magnesium or an alkaline earth metal.


Background. The laparoscopic surgeon requires very fine motor dexterity to perform complex surgical procedures. This skill can be significantly altered by the motor stress of the surgeon, which mainly results from a lack of ergonomics of the instruments. The objective of this article was to analyse a new ergonomic system that can significantly reduce motor stress. Material and Methods. Two expert surgeons tested the new ergonomic system by performing transfer and suture tasks. The results were compared to those obtained from executing the same tasks using commercial laparoscopic instruments, without any pre-selection being established. Electronic switches were placed on the handles of the instruments to register the time of opening and closure, as well as the time taken to complete the tasks. Results. The comparative data indicate that the new ergonomic system substantially reduces the motor stress of the surgeon by reducing the number of manual operations needed to carry out the routine training tasks of transfer and suture. Conclusions. A new ergonomic system has been developed that reduces the number of manual operations required for carrying out the same task using commercial laparoscopic instruments. The execution time and motor stress is substantially decreased with this new design. We have confidence that these results will be extended to surgical procedures.


This paper examines Jackson's (2009a,b) 'prosperity without growth' paradigm which suggests organizational growth be restrained within the limitations and assumptions of a finitely resourced planet. The interpretativist methodology is delivered through organizational storytelling. Jackson demands government and business re-evaluate the financial and ecological sustainability of their underlying visions of prosperity. Jackson argues that this prosperity has been built on continuous economic growth, and suggests there is a need instead to pursue 'prosperity without growth', and that the concept of a growth based economy has failed to provide solutions to the 'tragedy of the commons'. Consequently, there is public concern that thoughtless and unconstrained pursuit of economic growth is ecologically unsustainable and will lead to tragedy for all. Although many elements have been addressed separately in the paper, it is important to note that the economic, ecologic, and social aspects of sustainability, particularly with respect to 'responsible' consumption, are all interrelated. Therefore, the impacts of these elements need to be considered simultaneously when developing sustainable policy, strategy and marketing models for the future where 'prosperity with growth' can remain a key concept. Research limitations include assumptions that a market-based economy is superior to other alternatives and that innovation raises productivity which raises living standards. Originality of the paper is that achieving 'prosperity with growth' is possible as demonstrated by the Japanese Economic Model, with economic growth ensuring competitiveness, innovation, and 'responsible' consumption for long term organizational survival.


For a company to grow, it must take care of its most valuable asset, which is its human capital, which is why it is extremely important that employees feel that they are part of the organization and that they are considered, informing them of what is happening in the business and giving them the opportunity to express their opinion about it. In Sika Colombia S.A.S. The main reason why people resigned is due to issues related to benefits and compensation; nevertheless, it was evidenced that Sika offers multiple benefits to its collaborators. The problem lies in the internal communication that the Human Resources area is having with its internal collaborators. Therefore, to improve this problem that is presented and the effects that it entails, a Strategic Plan of Internal Communication was made. For which the following research question is considered: What effective communication strategy should the Human Resources area of Sika Colombia S.A.S use to ensure that employees have timely access to information?


Abstract Species of Prasiolales (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) are among the most common terrestrial and freshwater algae in polar regions. Comprehensive molecular studies of this group are available for Antarctica, but not yet for Arctic regions. We examined the diversity of the Prasiolales in the Svalbard Archipelago combining morphological observations of field-collected material, culture studies, molecular data (plastid rbcL and tufA sequences) and literature records. We confirmed the widespread occurrence of Prasiola crispa and P. fluviatilis, species recorded from Spitsbergen since the 19th century. Molecular phylogenetic analyses led to the discovery of two new genera of Prasiolales. Prasionema payeri is morphologically identical to filamentous stages of P. crispa, but represents an early-diverging lineage in the order. Prasionella wendyae is a colonial alga reproducing by aplanospores; its phylogenetic position is among the basal lineages of the order, but it could not be reliably reconstructed due to weak statistical support. The inclusion of P. wendyae in the prasiolalean phylogeny determined the paraphyly of Rosenvingiella, requiring the establishment of the new genus Rosenvingiellopsis for R. constricta. A poorly known species described from Spitsbergen, Ulothrix discifera, is transferred here to Rosenvingiella. Whereas some species of Prasiolales have bipolar distribution (P. crispa), others appear to be restricted to one or other of the poles. Our results suggest that polar regions are still a major repository of unknown algal diversity and highlight the importance of continued field surveys and the use of molecular data.


Recent forecasting research has shown a paradigm shift from algorithm aversion to appreciation. Despite growing trust in technological decision support, business decisions are often made based on gut feeling and intuition, ignoring part or all of the available data and information. Creating effective decision support solutions necessitates the understanding of the impact of emerging artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies on business decision-making processes. This study examines whether forecasting information delivery at a time when a business decision is made influences or changes the decision maker's mind, thereby leading to a different decision. The study employs a 2 × 2 between-subject experimental setting where forecasted results (gain/loss) and automated advice (risk/certainty) were crossed-examined. A sample of 137 participants was asked to make four different product price change decisions assisted by automated decision aid. The experiment involved two independent samples, one taken from Amazon Mechanical Turk workers and the other from the members of LinkedIn managerial groups. Results show that decision-makers are more likely to rely on automated recommendation and change their initial decision when forecasted decision outcomes lead to gain, whereas they would discount algorithmic aid if a loss is forecasted. This research adds to the extant literature in the field of human-technology interactions and contributes to the descriptive and prescriptive decision theories by illustrating that gain forecasting has a higher impact on the algorithm appreciation than loss forecasting.


This article examines the labour market for 'function' musicians in London. It shows how the market encompasses a chain of relationships between clients, intermediaries and musicians, considering how the idea of 'moral economy' – a subject of revived interest in employment sociology – fits empirical reality. It shows that function musicians have created a strong moral economy regulating the distribution of opportunities and resources within bands. However, other actors in the chain, particularly agents, are able to impose intensified labour competition on bands. This competition leads trust relationships to fray and social expectations about the distribution of resources to weaken. These tensions are embodied in the role of the fixer: a musician who uneasily straddles market and moral domains.


A notion of rank or independence for arbitrary sets of rational functions is developed, which bounds from below the number of additions and subtractions required of all straight-line algorithms which compute those functions. This permits a uniform derivation of the best lower bounds known for a number of familiar sets of rational functions. The result is proved without the use of substitution arguments. This not only provides an interesting contrast to standard approaches for arithmetic lower bounds, but also allows the algebraic setting to be somewhat generalized. Keywords: additions, algorithms, analysis of algorithms, arithmetic complexity, computational complexity, dimensionality, lower bounds, matrix multiplication, optimality, polynomials, rational functions.


Objective : to search for objective criteria to determine the indications, optimal timing of dermal-fat postoperative wound plastic on the foot and evaluate its effectiveness in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).
 Material and methods . We examined 120 patients with DM and destructive forms of diabetic foot syndrome. Area (E1 2 ; E2 >6 cm 2 ) and depth (D2-3) of postoperative wound tissue defects were estimated within 3-5 days after surgical treatment. We formed two clinical groups: 1-st group – 44 patients (group of comparison), who underwent conventional treatment in the postoperative period and 2-nd group – 76 patients (the main group), implemented by the main radical surgery on the foot on 5-7 day after the primary debridement with subsequent skin-fat plastic of postoperative wound defects (Е2D3). The control group consisted of 28 patients with purulent-necrotic lesions of the respective area and depth not suffering
from DM. In all patients tyrosine kinase system and cytokine background were evaluated with definition of integral parameters in the form of coefficients. The data were processed statistically using the computer applied programs "Statistika".
 Results . In 76 patients of the main group we have revealed high clinical efficiency of the skin-fat grafting of postoperative wounds (reduction of the time of wound healing to 1.5-2 months and the reduction of the frequency of high amputations to 4.2%) compared with the conventional treatment. Indications for application of the skin-fat flap (SFF) were initially low values of tyrosine kinase index (TKI) compared to the comparison group and the reduction of intercytokine coefficient (ICC) on the fifth day after the surgical treatment of the destructive lesion.
 Conclusions . A large area and depth of destructive tissue changes of the lower extremities at the background of low values of ТКI (below 50% of control) could serve as indication for use of skin-fat grafting in postoperative wound defects. Efficacy prognosis of skin-fat plastic could be based on the dynamics of the values of ICC after primary surgical treatment, which reflects the reactivity of the systemic mechanisms that limit the alteration phase in the wound and induce proliferative processes.


As known to all, two major parts will lead to Circuitous voltage loss, one is the line resistance, the other is the line reactance. Due to the high voltage distribution lines with long distance transmission and big wire section, wire reactance is much bigger than the line resistance. Therefore, the research on the lower voltage drop loss of line reactance is present hot topic. Some network 66kV system has some problems such as the levels of voltage along the loads are low and the loss along the line is big due to the long distance and the huge reactance, aiming at the problems, discusses of series compensation technology are made in the paper. Through the theoretical analysis and simulation, the feasibility of the technology of improving the voltage quality in distribution network is proved. To improve power quality, reduce the line loss, ensure the safe and stable operation of distribution networks, a new thought is put forward.


[Objective] To understand the status of hypertension among Jingtai Community residents in Baiyun District of Guangzhou City,and provide scientific evidence for developing comprehensive intervention plans and measures for community health service.[Methods] A total of 660 families from 6 neighborhood committees were randomly selected,all family members were investigated with 3 aspects of inquiring survey,medical examination and laboratory test.[Results] The prevalence of 4 major chronic diseases in this community population was in sequence of dyslipidemia(57.40%),overweight and obesity(28.60%),hypertension(16.30%),and diabetes(6.80%).[Conclusion] Aiming at the health status of community residents,the corresponding health guidance should be given to improve the health of community residents.


The economic and ecological importance of pollinators and the increasingly evident decline of their populations have drawn concern from scientists, governments, and individuals alike. While research has focused on the ecological causes and solutions to pollinator declines, it is less understood how to motivate actual behavior changes to help conserve pollinators. Behavioral psychologists have developed many theories to explain how human behavioral drivers affect the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors such as recycling and other sustainability actions. A comprehensive model incorporating norm activation theory, the new ecological paradigm, values-belief-norm theory, and the theory of planned behavior suggests various psychological determinants that drive changes in pro-environmental behaviors. A survey was constructed using Qualtrics software to measure and analyze >1,500 individuals' responses to questions designed to test the relationships between different types of pollinator conservation behaviors and the sociopsychological determinants of an individual's intention to perform said behaviors. Previous behaviors, issue awareness, and positive attitudes toward pollinators consistently predict increased intention to perform pollinator conservation behaviors, which supports related research on pro-environmental behaviors. Other determinants, such as ascription of responsibility and perceived behavioral control, had positive effects on the intention to perform some of the tested pollinator conservation behaviors. Understanding these relationships could help improve efforts to educate and increase the adoption of these pollinator conservation behaviors. Finally, many determinants had mixed and fewer significant relationships with the intention to perform conservation behaviors, which suggests the need for revisions to the specific wording of the survey tools and additional testing of these psychological determinants.


Described and illustrated is an operating by the radar principle level gauge with an electronic transmitting and evaluation unit, with a subsequent to the transmitting and evaluation transmission path (1) for electromagnetic waves and having a at the transmission path (1) adjoining the antenna for radiating the electromagnetic waves. A particularly suitable for high temperature applications refinement is achieved in that the transmission path (1) has a coupling element (2) and a dielectric solid conductors (3), wherein the coupling element (2) emitted by the transmitting and evaluation electromagnetic waves in the dielectric fixed conductor (3) and the dielectric couples solid conductors (3) transmits the electromagnetic waves in the direction of the antenna (4).


In the present investigation, an attempt was made to study the tree diversity, composition and structure of two sacred groves, Alluri Sitarama Raju District, which comes under the Eastern Ghats of India. Anogeissus latifolia was the most common tree in the Gudem Sacred Groves, followed by Lannea coromandelica, Tamarindus indica, and Xylia xylocarpa. A total of 55 species, 45 genera, and 26 families were reported from the Daralamma Sacred Grove. Garuga pinnata was the dominating tree, and Protium serratum, Bridelia airy-shawii, and Mallotus philippensis were also dominant trees. Proper education should be provided to the people addressing about the need for conserving sacred groves.


We present the results of an ongoing effort to improve the sensitivity of the Submillimeter Array (SMA) 660 GHz receivers, including upgrades to the local oscillator (LO) units, improved telescope-receiver coupling optics, and upgraded 660 GHz mixers and receiver inserts. New tunerless varistor multiplier chains have resulted in increased local oscillator (LO) power across the frequency band (> 10 !W) and have enabled the upgrade of receiver coupling optics inserts, including the use of a fine (400 lines-per-inch) metal mesh as an RF/LO diplexer. This has resulted in a decrease in overall system complexity and an improvement of about 0.5 dB in signal beam transmission. This work has focused on improving the performance of the double sideband (DSB) SIS receivers designed for operation in the 630-700 GHz frequency range. In collaboration with University of Koln (KOSMA), a new batch of 660 GHz Nb/Al-AlOx/Nb SIS devices with end-loaded stub integrated tuning structures was designed and fabricated. We present an overview of this work and a summary of performance achieved both in a laboratory liquid helium cooled cryostat and in the SMA cryostat environment. First-light SMA observations with an upgraded 600 GHz receiver insert are shown.


Smart grid is the new type modern power gird,which combined the advanced sensing and measurement technology,information communication technology,analysis and decision technology and automatic control technology and energy technology,and integrated the grid infrastructure.Through giving it some kind of artificial intelligence to make it have strong adaptability and become a fully automated power supply network.Wooden barrel theory as an important principle of economics,its core meaning is to find out the short board of the barrel,and make up for their weakness and thus to improve the storage of entire bucket of water.For the function realization of smart grid and the four main components of the smart grid system,the foundation and core position of AMI in smart gird construction were proposed.At the same time,the present situation of the short board in the construction of "Big Barrel" and the important significance of electricity information acquisition system were discussed.


The D*D* and B*B* systems are studied dynamically in the one boson exchange model, where {pi}, {eta}, {sigma}, {rho} and {omega} exchanges are taken into account. Ten allowed states with low spin parity are considered. We suggest that the 1{sup --}, 2{sup ++}, 0{sup ++} and 0{sup -+} B*B* molecules should exist, and the D*D* bound states with the same quantum numbers very likely exist as well. However, the CP exotic (1{sup -+},2{sup +-}) B*B* and D*D* states may not be bound by the one boson exchange potential. We find that the I=0 configuration is more deeply bound than the I=1 configuration, hence Z{sub 1}{sup +}(4050) may not be a D*D* molecule. Although Y(4008) is close to the D*D* threshold, the interpretation of Y(4008) as a D*D* molecule is not favored by its huge width. 1{sup --} D*D* and B*B* states can be produced copiously in e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation, detailed scanning of the e{sup +}e{sup -} annihilation data near the D*D* and B*B* threshold is an important check to our predictions.


RAHMAT KURNIA. Restocking model of kerapu macan (Epinephelus fusgoguttatus) in sea ranching sistem in Semak Daun shallow water, Kepulauan Seribu. Under guidance of KADARWAN SOEWARDI, ISMUDI MUCHSIN and MENNOFATRIA BOER. The releasing in the ocean is known as sea ranching. In addition to improving the cultivation and improvement of economic levels of society, the main goal of sea farming is restocking. This study estimated the carrying capacity of the Semak Daun water for the KJA and sea ranching. Estimated carrying capacity of the KJA performed with a load close to the waste feed. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity for sea ranching is approached with primary productivity through the content of chlorophyll-a in the waters. This review based on the carrying capacity of the sewage effluent P found that the carrying capacity of water for KJA is 12.5 – 21.6 ton. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity for brown grouper fish in the sea ranching systems is between 0.70 – 1.06 tons / year with an average of 0.88 tons / year. Growth parameters of the brown grouper are K = 0.27 per year, L∞ = 97.48 cm, and t0 = -0.44. The natural mortality M = 0.445 per year, and length-weight relationship: W = 0.008L. Restocking model is based on three criteria: the optimal catch corresponding carrying capacity, optimal economic value of yield, and the ability to recover the stock. The study found out that the best alternative policy for sea ranching recruitment type is the A-8, which is 17 cm length seed, stocking density of 2000 fishes, with fishing mortality 0.4. The model produces optimal restocking yield 529.045 kg/year. On the other hand, the best alternative policy for sea ranching harvest type is 17 cm length seed with stocking density 4000 fishes.


The effects of poly(vinyl carbazole) (PVK) doped to a poly(urethane acrylate) matrix in holographic-polymer-dispersed liquid crystals were studied. With the addition and increasing amounts of PVK, the driving voltage and rising time of the films decreased because of the increased effective local electric field across the liquid crystal (LC) droplet. Off-state diffraction efficiency was increased with the addition and increasing amounts of PVK presumably because of the increased elasticity of the polymer matrix, which augmented the phase separation of the polymer and LC by effectively squeezing the LC molecules out of the polymer matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


In this paper we study the boundary behaviour of subharmonic functions in B", the unit ball of U", or in the upper half space of U\ U+ +l = {(x,y): x E R", y>0}. A function u denned in B" (respectively, U+) has asymptotic value A G [-oo, oo] at the point x e dU (respectively, U") if there is a path y(t), Q^t<l contained in B" (respectively, R+) and ending at x such that u(p) tends to A as long as p tends to x along y, that is, y(t)—>x as t-+1 and u(y(t))-+ A as t—> 1. The set of x e dB (respectively, W) at which u has an asymptotic limit is denoted by A(u). We will be particularly interested in the case A = °°, and the corresponding subset of dB (respectively, U), consisting of the points at which u has asymptotic value + °°, will be denoted by A(u, +<»). If y is restricted to be a radius (respectively, a vertical line) and u has a finite radial (vertical) limit at x then x e dB" (respectively, R") is said to be a Fatou point of u. We write F(u) to denote the set of all Fatou points of u. These definitions have their origin in the case of the unit disk


Information for understanding the evolution- ary shift from feeding to nonfeeding in echinoderm larvae can be gained from species whose larval development pattern appears to be intermediate between these ex- tremes. In this paper we report the development of one such species. The pencil urchin Phyllacanthus imperialis spawned synchronously with the mass spawning of scleractinian corals at Lizard Island, Australia, in two consecutive years. Their large yolky eggs (507 utm diameter) developed into nonfeeding echinopluteus larvae with two pairs of larval arms. The arms were identified as postoral and postero-


impatient with their quest for wealth. This had led many of them to engage in high-level fraudulent Internet activities. It has come to a point where Internet fraudsters opened schools to teach prospecting youths how to make money fast. The circle keeps expanding on a daily basis. Their victims include the rich, the poor and unsuspecting foreigners. The study findings revealed that the spate of Internet fraud has continued to increase because more youths are willing to engage in such activities and other cybercrimes to make fast wealth, so that they can feel pride among other youths and the society. Proverbs 4:10–19 provide a lucid response to this sad development. Contribution: In the light of Proverbs 4:10–19, Nigerian youths are advised not to join evildoers because their path of wickedness ends in darkness and unhappiness.


Competitiveness is related to welfare, economic progress and prosperity and has been an important topic for countries, enterprises, investors and citizens alike. This paper presents a new Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process (MCHP) for rank the competitiveness of States in Mexico through the analysis of multiple criteria such as legality, economic, social, politic, governmental and environmental, precursors and international relations aspects. An important aspect of the new MCHP proposed is that considers the interaction between criteria and measure the performance of a large number of criteria. The study presents a competitiveness analysis of Mexican regions, regarding the interaction in different level of criteria hierarchy and evaluating the performance of 100 criteria to establish the competitiveness level of States in Mexico.
Keywords: Multicriteria, hierarchy approach, competitiveness
JEL Codes: C69, C81, D81
Received: 10/07/2020. Accepted: 05/11/2020.  Published: 01/12/2020


APhA Clarifies NAFTA's Effect on Pharmacy The NorthAmericanFree Trade Agreement(NAFfA) will not change the licensing, educational, and residencyrequirementsfor foreign pharmacists who wish to practicein the US, accordingto US Trade Representative MichaelKantor.Clarification ofNAFfA's effecton the practiceof healthcare was obtainedby 19 professional healthcareassociations. NAFfA was approvedNovember 17, 1993 in the House of Representativesby a 234 to 200 vote.The Senateapproved the legislationand it was signedinto law December8, 1993.Passageof the agreementcreates the world's largestfree trade wne-breaking down tariffsand other trade barriers among the US, Mexico, and Canada,beginningJanuary I, 1994. Accordingto Kantorand the APhA: NAFfA does not permitMexicanor Canadianhealthcareprofessionalsto circumventstate licensingand certification procedures.The agreementwould allow the countriesto mutuallyrecognize each other's certificationand licensingcriteria,but only if the relevant state licensingauthoritiesagree. "The intentionof NAFfA is to leave licensing and certificationto the licensingauthoritiesin order to ensure the quality of the servicebeing provided....The only obligationNAFfA imposesis for the three governmentsto avoid usingpermanent residencyas a basis for rejecting licensure."So far, only six professionshave shown interest in mutual recognitionand reciprocallicensingagreementsbetween the three countries, and the pharmacyprofessionhas not been among them. NAFfA does not change criteriafor the entry of healthprofessionalswho temporarilyenter the US. The agreementwould maintainthe status quo, which requiresmedicalprofessionalsto be licensedin their own country and to meet all licensingrequirements in the state in which they wish to practice. Open Hearing Setfor Oncology Petition On August9,1993, the Board of PharmacySpecialties(BPS) announced the releasefor comment of the petitionrequestingthe recognitionof Oncology PharmacyPracticeas a specialty.The petitionis sponsoredby the American Societyof HospitalPharmacists(ASHP).The Board invitesall interested pharmaciststo submit writtencomments in supportof or in oppositionto this petitionno later than February28, 1994.Comments shouldbe addressedto BPS SecretarySamuel Kalman, BPS, 2215 ConstitutionAve. NW, Washington,DC 20037. Copies of the petitionand/or an executivesummarymay be obtainedby calling301/657-3000ext. 283.


Because most studies of interest intermediation have not been undertaken comparatively, it is desirable to apply to the study of East European socialist systems a functionalist comparative taxonomy, notably by applying the concept of subsystem autonomy. It is argued that limited subsystem autonomy may increase the problem-solving capabilities of political systems, while high subsystem autonomy may have dysfunctional consequences. Combining a functional with a genetic perspective, the emergence of neo-corporatist interest intermediation has been in part attributable to the specific cultural characteristics originating in the early industrialization of certain European countries. Capitalist and socialist systems are facing comparable functional problems.


Beaconing is a fundamental networking service where each node broadcasts a packet to all its neighbors locally. Unfortunately, the problem Minimum Latency Beaconing Schedule (MLBS) in duty-cycled scenarios is not well studied. Existing works always have rigid assumption that each node is only active once per working cycle. Aiming at making the work more practical and general, MLBS problem in duty-cycled network where each node is allowed to active multiple times in each working cycle (MLBSDCA for short) is investigated in this paper. Firstly, a modified first-fit coloring based algorithm is proposed for MLBSDCA under protocol interference model. After that, a (ρ + 1)2 ∗ |W|-approximation algorithm is proposed to further reduce the beaconing latency, where ρ denotes the interference radius, and |W| is the maximum number of active time slots per working cycle. When ρ and |W| is equal to 1, the approximation ratio is only 4, which is better than the one (i.e., 10) in existing works. Furthermore, two approximation algorithms for MLBSDCA under physical interference model are also investigated. The theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms in term of latency.


Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) following rectal cancer surgery impairs the patient's quality of life (QoL). Rectal irrigation has been demonstrated to be effective for anterior resection syndrome but many surgeons do not suggest it as a treatment. This feasibility study aimed to explore treatment acceptability and the benefit of rectal irrigation in patients who developed LARS following an anterior resection for rectal cancer.


The pattern of point scatter in the stock-recruitment relationship plots is considered in relation to silver hake in Div. 4VWX, cod in Div. 2J+3KL, Div. 3NO and Subdiv. 3Ps, yellowtail flounder in Div. 3LNO, redfish in Div. 3M and mackerel in Subareas 3-6. The optimal range of spawning biomass was assessed approximately for cod in Div. 3NO, Subdiv. 3Ps, redfish in Div. 3M, yellowtail flounder in Div. 3LNO, mackerel in Subareas 3-6, and no scientific background was found for assessment of only one possible Blim in all cases. The opinion is expressed on a strong and sometimes key impact of environmental factors upon year-class abundance of all above-mentioned populations. A flexible approach to fishery management is proposed on the basis of data on the state of those stocks and dynamics trends. Introduction At present titanic efforts are made by the international fishery organizations, primarily by NAFO and ICES, to elaborate a scientific background for the precautionary approach (PA) to be implemented in the fishery. The main attention is paid to definition of reference points (RP), specifying a new strategy of management and to assessment of the latter values by individual fishing objects. While the first part of the problem has been settled rather easily (Serchuk et al., MS 1997), the second one has created significant difficulties at least in NAFO Area. The attempts to estimate RP values for the bulk of commercial populations failed. It seems that in such situations, some other more flexible criteria and approaches to fishery management should be looked for. The article presented here shows the results of such attempts. Materials and Methods The data on spawning stock biomass (abundance) (SSB, SSN) and recruitment of silver hake in Div. 4VWX, cod in Div. 2J+3KL, Div. 3NO and Subdiv. 3Ps, yellowtail flounder in Div. 3LNO, redfish in Div. 3M and mackerel in Subareas 3-6 were taken from Clay and Beanlands (MS 1980), Showell (MS 1997), Baird and Bishop (MS 1986), Bishop et al. (MS 1990), Anon. (MS 1988), Brodie (MS 1985), Chekhova et al. (MS 1980) and Anderson and Overholtz (MS 1979). The plots of stock-recruitment relationship (SRR) were fitted and actual points scatter was analyzed from the point of view of possibility to estimate Blim, defined as "the level of spawning stock biomass that the stock should not be allowed to fall below" and to propose other approaches to fishery management. Irrespective of the reliability of absolute biomass and abundance estimates, it was assumed that the latter showed the pattern of the relation considered sufficiently correct.


In the past 30 to 40 years, tourism has become a popular strategy among governments and communities throughout the world for increasing development. While this strategy does generally achieve increased economic development, it also brings negative impacts to the destinations, many of which the places are unequipped to handle. In Antigua and Barbuda, West Indies the predominance of cruise ship tourism is placing a significant strain on the community and its resources, and yet returning less revenue each year. This thesis investigates current efforts of community leaders to promote heritage tourism as a sustainable means for rejuvenating Antigua's tourism industry. I worked with local community leaders, using participatory research techniques, to construct questionnaires, which I then administered to tourists (cruise ship passengers and resort hotel guests) and residents in Antigua. The tourist questionnaires were designed to gauge current participation in heritage tourism and the potential for future participation in heritage tourism, while the resident questionnaires were designed to collect resident attitudes toward tourism, and to solicit potential solutions to its current decline. The research results indicate that stay-over visitors are better candidates for heritage tourism participation. The results further indicate that indirect marketing of Antigua's historic sites to cruise-ship passengers to encourage their return as hotel guests is roundabout and counterproductive. The results of the resident survey reveal that most Antiguan residents hold the government responsible for reversing the tourism decline. Because the government and Ministry of Tourism are currently supportive of cruise-based tourism, efforts to successfully develop Antigua as a heritage tourism destination will be difficult without significant pressure from the community. This case study is presented not only as a guide for Antigua's tourism planners and developers, but also for any small place that seeks to redefine tourism in its community.


An attempt was made to compare admission MMPI profiles of a matched sample of psychiatric inpatients over a 15- to 20-year period. For both males and females, significant decreases in MMPI indices of psychopathology occurred. Possible reasons for this decrease are presented.


Now-a-days Business intelligence (BI) becomes a major part of the decision making system for all business organizations. Traditional business intelligence systems are static, historic in nature and confined to strategic and tactical users only whereas modern business intelligence is dynamic, current, event driven and supports not only for strategic users but also tactical and even operational level users for their decision making. The modern business intelligence systems are popularly known as dynamic business intelligence or Operational BI. The purpose of Operational BI system not only provides operational intelligence to the operational users but also tactical and strategic users for their timely decision making. Thus, the components to be identified for the proposed system shall respond on real time or near real time.


The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin's autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie "Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r." [At an exhibition "The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944"] and Wisława Szymborska's Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.


Abstract In the present study, the influence of shockwave impact on chitosan (CS) material samples is investigated. The shock tube is used to create the shock wave and the experiments are conducted for a shock Mach number of 1.6. CS material sample is exposed to the shock wave by fixing at the driven tube end flange and impacted to 30, 60 and 90 shock impulses. CS material after the impact was characterized for its structural changes by the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and viscometer results. The FT-IR results of the treated sample indicate that the bond length is reduced as the functionality of amide increases by lowering the mass of the samples. Significant changes are observed for the CS samples exposed to 90 shock pulses. The degree of deacetylation is increased from 75% to 89%. XRD results indicate that the crystallite size is enhanced by 109% in the treated samples and significant morphological changes are noticed in the SEM images. The viscosity is decreased to 88% and the reduction in molecular weight by 92% indicates the shock-treated CS samples contain high water solubility. Results emphasized that the shock tube technique yields quick findings with favorable changes in the CS depolymerization reaction and demonstrated that it is an efficient, cost-effective and less time-consuming approach. Graphical abstract


In the quest for better fuel economy and improved environmental performance, magnesium may well become a metal of choice for constructing lighter, more efficient vehicles. Magnesium is the lightest structural metal, yet it has a high strength-to-weight ratio makes it comparable to steel in many applications. The world's automakers already use magnesium for individual components. But new alloys and processing methods are needed before the metal can become economically and technologically feasible as a major automotive structural material. This article will explore the formation, challenges and initial results of an international collaboration—the Magnesium Front End Research and Development (MFERD) project—that is leveraging the expertise and resources of Canada, China and the United States to advance the creation of magnesium-intensive vehicles. The MFERD project aims to develop the enabling technologies and knowledge base that will lead to a vehicles that are 50-60 percent lighter, equally affordable, more recyclable and of equal or better quality when compared to today's vehicles. Databases of information also will be captured in models to enable further alloy and manufacturing process optimization. Finally, a life-cycle analysis of the magnesium used will be conducted.


On 29 July 2005, the High Court of New Zealand decided the first case testing the scope of the by-law-making power given to cities under the Prostitution Law Reform Act 2003 (the PRA). The Court struck down the sections of a Christchurch by-law confining brothels to a defined area within the city's central business district.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of corneal hemorrhage in laser assisted in situ keratomi leusis(LASIK) with thin flap.Methods The patients performed LASIK were divided into three groups according to the thickness of corneal flaps and peduncular location,GroupⅠ:the flaps with thickness of 100 μm at superior hinge;Group Ⅱ:the flaps with thickness of 130 μm at superior hinge;GroupⅢ:the flaps with thickness of 100 μm at nasal hinge.The intraoperative and postoperative hemorrhage of three groups was recorded and compared.Results The rate of intraoperative hemorrhage was 26.53%,22.61% and 10.96% in three groups,respectively.The hemorrhage in groupⅠwas the most severe(P0.05) comparing with the other two groups.And the postoperative hemorrhage was 4.22%,0.93% and 0.42% in 3 groups,respectively.The hemorrhage in groupⅠwas more severe than that of groupⅡor groupⅢ(P0.01,P0.01,respectively).Conclusion The thickness of flap and the peduncular location play a role in corneal hemorrhage at LASIK with thin flap.


At the time of the introduction of the Euro in 1999-2002, European banking was not integrated and highly concentrated. No wonder that European payment transfers, foremost the cross-border ones, were still quite expensive in these days. Although being a tremendous and path breaking event in many ways, the introduction of the euro itself did not have a major influence in this respect. However, from now on, European payment service providers were being driven by the European Union towards more cost-efficient solutions evermore. The changes culminated in the launch of a Single European Payment Area (SEPA) in the year 2008. Especially in the next few years, the advantages of SEPA will materialize and firms may get hold of strategic opportunities of SEPA implementation.


Production of extrudates from different types of flour is now used widely in the food process industry, both for final products production and for modification of flours for bakery industry. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of extrusion process on the properties of mixtures of corn meal with buckwheat and chestnut flour (ratio meal: flour = 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70). Blends (water content 25%) were extruded at two temperature regimes: 80/90 °C and 75/180 °C. Physical, thermophysical and rheological properties, chemical composition and resistant starch content of the obtained extrudates were investigated. Results showed an increase in expansion ratio and the reduction of bulk mass at the higher extrusion temperature, increased fragility and decreased hardness of most of extrudates produced at the higher temperatures. In relation to non-extruded samples, color intensity and water absorption index increased proportionally to extrusion temperature. Viscosity changed significantly, and resistant starch (RS) content decreased by extrusion.


This paper analyzes the role of communities in the generation and circulation of zoological knowledge in Chile in the second half of the 19th. Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. Here we take as a case study the production of zoology texts written by Rudolph Philippi in Chile between 1853 and 1904. From these texts we see how Philippi built knowledge together with individuals located in geographically peripheral sites and spaces linked to the main Governmental institutions of the period. From these texts, on the other hand, the characteristics of such communities are studied, such as their dispersion and heterogeneity. It is hypothesized here that Philippi, together with these communities, constructed a mobile science that circulated zoological knowledge towards national culture. In another sense, the above allows to examine the organization of this knowledge under the various mediations and strategies that the Prussian naturalist articulated during the second half of the nineteenth century. Keywords: Rudolph Philippi, Networks, Zoology Textual inscriptions, Museums.


The problem of computing equipment immunity to interference also includes distortion of information during intentional electromagnetic influences. One of the ways of electromagnetic exposure is the metal structures of buildings, for example, metal pipelines of hot or cold water. The example of physical simulation of electromagnetic interference in the computing equipment when exposed to a current generator through the conductive elements of the building heating system are paper considers. Models and methods of physical simulation of electromagnetic interference in the computing equipment are proposed. Methods for predicting the noise immunity of elements of computing equipment under the influence of simulated electromagnetic interference are considered.


This work aims to investigate the role of multicultural factors affecting the health care services in Los Altos de Chiapas (Mexico). This region is characterized by having one of the highest maternal mortality rates in the country, where the population of fifteen municipalities is conformed by more than 95% of tsotsil and tseltal indigenous population and 54% only speak its native language. Therefore, most of them still employ its local health care system. We focused on the familiar and community dynamic, influenced by different factors such as gender, ethnicity, and age, that allows (or difficult) the women access to the obstetric emergency care in this region.


It is well known that the computation time of multigroup Monte Carlo calculation is much less than that of the continuous(point-wise) calculation.However,there are some difficulties in the multigroup treatment about resonance and self-shielding.Although the good precision of point-wise cross section transport calculation can be obtained,the consumed time is too long.A coupled calculation of the multigroup and the point-wise cross section was developed in self-development 3D neutron and photon transport Monte Carlo code MCMG.The validity of this method was proved by testing of many models.The almost same results with the point-wise cross section MCNP code were achieved.The coupled calculation of MCMG is about one time faster than that of MCNP.


Neutron resonance parameters were obtained in the energy range 0 keV to 20 keV from a sequential SAMMY analysis of high resolution neutron transmissions and capture cross sections measured at the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA). In the energy range 0 keV to 10 keV the analysis used as prior values the resonance parameters of ENDF/B-VI evaluated file. In the energy range10 keV to 20 keV, where ENDF/B-VI uses average parameters for the description of the cross sections, this analysis resulted in the creation of a set of resolved resonance parameters which will allow more accurate calculation of the self shielding factors. The statistical properties of the parameters in the energy range 0 keV to 20 keV are given. The results of selected benchmark calculations show significant improvements compared to calculations using the ENDF/B-VI evaluation, particularly for the k eff prediction in thermal benchmarks.


In mammals, cadmium is widely considered as a non-genotoxic carcinogen acting through a methylation-dependent epigenetic mechanism. Here, the effects of Cd treatment on the DNA methylation patten are examined together with its effect on chromatin reconfiguration in Posidonia oceanica . DNA methylation level and pattern were analysed in actively growing organs, under short- (6 h) and long- (2 d or 4 d) term and low (10 m M) and high (50 m M) doses of Cd, through a Methylation-Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism technique and an immunocytological approach, respectively. The expression of one member of the CHROMOMETHYLASE ( CMT ) family, a DNA methyltransferase, was also assessed by qRT-PCR. Nuclear chromatin ultrastructure was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Cd treatment induced a DNA hypermethylation, as well as an up-regulation of CMT , indicating that de novo methylation did indeed occur. Moreover, a high dose of Cd led to a progressive heterochromatinization of interphase nuclei and apoptotic figures were also observed after long-term treatment. The data demonstrate that Cd perturbs the DNA methylation status through the involvement of a specific methyltransferase. Such changes are linked to nuclear chromatin reconfiguration likely to establish a new balance of expressed/repressed chromatin. Overall, the data show an epigenetic basis to the mechanism underlying Cd toxicity in plants. Abstract Anthropogenic changes and chemical pollution confront plant communities with various xenobiotic compounds or combinations of xenobiotics, involving chemical structures that are at least partially novel for plant species. Plant responses to chemical challenges and stimuli are usually characterized by the approaches of toxicology, ecotoxicology, and stress physiology. Development of transcriptomics and proteomics analysis has demonstrated the importance of modifications to gene expression in plant responses to xenobiotics. It has emerged that xenobiotic effects could involve not only biochemical and physiological disruption, but also the disruption of signalling pathways. Moreover, mutations affecting sensing and signalling pathways result in modifications of responses to xenobiotics, thus confirming interference or crosstalk between xenobiotic effects and signalling pathways. Some of these changes at gene expression, regulation and signalling levels suggest various mechanisms of xenobiotic sensing in higher plants, in accordance with xenobiotic-sensing mechanisms that have been characterized in other phyla (yeast, invertebrates, vertebrates). In higher plants, such sensing systems are difficult to identify, even though different lines of evidence, involving mutant studies, transcription factor analysis, or comparative studies, point to their existence. It remains difficult to distinguish between the hypothesis of direct xenobiotic sensing and indirect sensing of xenobiotic-related modifications. However, future characterization of xenobiotic sensing and signalling in higher plants is likely to be a key element for determining the tolerance and remediation capacities of plant species. This characterization will also be of interest for understanding evolutionary dynamics of stress adaptation and mechanisms of adaptation to novel stressors.


Thomas banfield was a traveller and a writer of some importance on economic matters,1 with practical experience of industry. In his 'Industry of the Rhine,'2 published in 1846 and 1848, he gives an account of the use made by man of the varied environments of the Rhinelands that is in the true spirit of human geography. His interest in economics enabled him to penetrate to the realities beneath the picturesque Rhineland landscape:


Using an event study methodology, we investigate how unexpected political events affect climate-sensitive sectors. We find that events related to climate change policy have significantly impacted r...


to those interested in literature and food in Arabic culture. Students of culinary history will find here a chronological outline of representations of food in Arabic writing, which range from the expected recipe books and descriptions of banquets and eating etiquette to the wealth of literary sources they tend to overlook. The monograph is most useful, however, as a concise sourcebook on who, where, and how food is represented in Arabic pre-modern written sources. If God's Banquet is neither a theoretical nor a methodological groundbreaking study, it nevertheless provides necessary and timely groundwork for further research.


In the design work of dams,the overflow pier is a significant project only next to the dam body.For this kind of structure,using a common bar mechanics approach is difficult to obtain satisfactory results,so the finite element analysis software ANSYS is used to check and calculate the structure stress at the normal water level and check water level for the pier 25# in the overflow dam of Zhuzhou navigation-power junction.Through the calculation,it is found that under normal water level condition,and because of the gate thrust,water pressure and active earth pressure,there appears the tensile stress concentration at the bracket,whereas in the dorsal surface,the tensile stress area appears at the corner of the upstream face and water face of the pier's back side.The distribution law of stress and displacement on the pier could be summarized through the analyses,which could provide some bases for the reinforcing,and verify the rationality of the structural design.


Simazine is commonly used to control broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in perennial tree and vine crops because of its relatively low cost and long residual activity. Simazine may be subject to enhanced biodegradation in some areas which can result in decreased herbicide persistence and reduced residual weed control. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if rapid simazine degradation occurs in California citrus orchards and if degradation rates are correlated with simazine use history. In the Central Valley, simazine degradation curves indicate that simazine degradation rate is more rapid in soils with a simazine use history (adapted) compared to soils with no recent use (non-adapted). In these soils, simazine dissipation was two- to three-fold faster in adapted compared with the non-adapted soils. However, in southern California, simazine dissipation and mineralization were not substantially different among soils with different simazine use histories. Repeated simazine use in California orchards can lead to the development of enhanced microbial degradation of the herbicide. However, soil type and long-term cropping factors can affect persistence and distribution of herbicide-degrading microbial populations in California orchards.


We demonstrate a 10GHz fs-pulse train by external repetition rate multiplication in four phase-tunable Mach-Zehnder interleavers implemented in planar waveguide technology. A minimum RF suppression ratio of -27dB can be achieved with thermal tuning.


Glucocorticoids produce cleft palate in offspring of rodents in direct relation to their anti-inflammatory potency. Recently,the anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids has been shown to be inhibition of arachidonic acid release from membrane phospholipids in several different models of inflammation in direct relation to anti-inflammatory potency. Thus,we have determined whether the production of cleft palate in rat fetuses by dexamethasone 3.5 mg/kg on days 12 to 15 of gestation is affected by concurrent injections of arachidonic acid 300 mg/kg. This produced a marked correction of the degree of cleft palate produced by dexamethasone (59/146, 40.4% vs. 129/180, 71.7%; P=0. 034 Mann-Whitney test). Pregnant rats were also treated with either dexamethasone or saline on days 12 to 14 and 3H-arachidonic acid on day 15. After four hours fetuses of dexamethasone-treated animals had significantly increased uptake of 3H vs. controls. Moreover, the increased 3H was incorporated chiefly into phospholipid demonstrating a reverse of release of fetal palatal arachidonic acid.Thus, the teratogenic action of corticoids appears to be due to their anti-inflammatory action.


Linda recently came into our office for a consultation. Linda is 47 years old and was starting to lose volume in her cheeks. This often happens as men ...


Vegetated islands in the river represent very specific fluvial landforms dominating the landscape of the middle Loire River. Our aim is a better understanding of island formation, planform evolution channel adjustment over different spatial and time scales. A number of approaches were adopted. First, the analysis of historical maps and aerial photographs reveals the recent development of islands, allowing the determination of different types of islands associated with specific evolution mechanisms and mobility rates. The second approach is based on the comparison of cross-section profiles of the river bed at multi-decadal time scales. This part of the study used precise topographic surveys and sediment trapping systems coupled with grain-size analyses to evaluate the annual deposition and erosion. The impact of two floods of different magnitudes, with return periods of 5 and 30 years, was also investigated.


3 Tattooing has been performed since the Neolithic era. It has undergone a sea change from being looked upon as a type of deviant behaviour to a form of expression and art over the centuries. This trend has evolved over time and tattoos have become more complex and intricate. Tattoo artists have been pushing the limits of creativity and design to create fascinating works of art making them unique and special. The classic types of tattoos such as amateur tattoos have paved way to highly complex multi-coloured professional tattoos with the current trend being 3D tattoos, optical illusion tattoos, head mandala tattoos, foot tattoos, miniature portraits, etc. The skin has become a living canvas for the artists to display their skills and creativity! Statistics show that in Australia at least 25% of people below the age of 30 years sport a tattoo. Although the craze for tattooing is on the rise, an equal number of people desire tattoo removal and many a times they are in a hurry to do so for various personal, social or occupational reasons. Dermatologists and laser surgeons have been at the forefront to innovate techniques and methods to effectively treat tattoos in the fastest and yet the safest possible way.


This paper highlights the modeling, simulation and detection of deposited scales in boiler tubes by Pulsed Thermography (PT). A novel data analysis method, based on variations of slopes in Temperature-Time profiles approach has been adopted, to estimate subsurface scale thickness and material loss in the tubes. The slopes are obtained for different pixels in the field of view of the captured image sequence during transient heating of the boiler tube. Relative thickness variations due to material loss and the deposited scales of boiler tube have been estimated from the calculated slopes. Experimental results are presented in support.


Occlusive body wrap using polyethylene plastic applied immediately after birth had been shown to reduce hypothermia among preterm infants. Various adjunct methods have been studied in an attempt to further reduce the incidence of hypothermia. This study was conducted to determine whether polyethylene cap is more effective than cotton cap as an adjunct to polyethylene occlusive body wrap in reducing hypothermia in preterm infants.


Objective:  To evaluate the effect of needle size on the diagnostic yield of transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy in malignant pulmonary lesions.


The effective refractive index of a high frequency grating can be altered by changing its duty cycle. First experiments for infrared optical distributed index components are presented.


Photograph of the front of a white, one-story, modified L-plan frame house located at 713 N. Queen in Palestine, Texas.


The technical progress found in an Intensive Neonatal Care Unit enables the survival and admission of babies with severe diseases, extreme premature babies and malformations. In this context, the psychological attention to parents is extremely important, once this period is perceived by them as a moment of crisis, distress and intense emotional experiences, which may generate disorder and psychic suffering. Therefore, this work purpose is to describe and share the psychology's action at the CAISM/UNICAMP's Neonatology unit. The parents' attention services are performed individually and/or in a group, oriented to the emotional support and help on the approximation process, as well as construction of affective bond between them and the baby. They are attended from the baby's admission at the unit, or before, in the pregnancy period, when the prematurity or admission risks are significant. The siblings' visit is stimulated and followed up through brief assessment before and after their entrance at the unit. In case of neonatal death, the psychologist acts on welcoming, enabling the expression of feelings, ensuring a moment of privacy and farewell to the baby. Since 2014, psychology has been gaining an action space at the unit promoting the possibility of listening and support, minimizing damage and possible traumas to the families. The psychologist's action at INCU is essential for parents to be able to develop feelings and experiences on the period, in addition to maximize the bond between parents/babies and the communication between parents/team.


Yan Zheng's new novel Because the Women drew the female whom fall in a dilemma under the sexual inferior position,in the sentiment under the society of loaves and fishes and the weak struggle under the sexism.The writer gave compassionate and understanding to female in his novel with authentic and exquisite writing skill.However,the writer didn't completely cognizant of the female dilemma under the male chauvinism owing to his unconscious under male's visual angle.The author points out that the only way to change the female present situation is the culture transformation with bisexual rouse and mutual encouragement.


Background:  We aimed to examine the persistence of anti-HBs in Bangladeshi children aged 5 and 10 years after primary vaccination, and this response to a booster dose.
Methods: A total of 100 children were enrolled who were divided into two groups (A and B). Group A comprised of 50 children vaccinated 5 years ago, and group B had 50 children vaccinated 10 years ago. Hepatitis B surface antibody titer was measured, and a booster dose of the vaccine was administered to those who had anti-HBs less than 10 mlU/ml. Seventeen such children from group A and 27 from group B were vaccinated with a booster dose. After one month, 12 children from group A and 18 children from group B were retested for hepatitis B surface antibody levels.
Results: After 5 and 10 years of primary vaccination, 66.0% and 46.0% children had protective antibody levels. After one month of booster dose, 91.6% children responded to the increased level of anti-HBs in group A. Among them, 66.6% showed an adequate response. In group B, 88.8% had an increased level of anti-HBs antibody where 83.3% had an adequate response. Geometric mean titre of anti-HBs antibody boosted by 35 and 75 times from pre-booster time to post-booster vaccination in group A and B, respectively.
Conclusion: Children had protective levels of anti-HBs antibodies at 5 and 10 years after completion of the primary vaccinations. Anamnestic response to booster vaccination confirmed the persistence of an effective immunological memory in vaccines.
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(2): 101-105


An improved process was developed for synthesis of 4-methyltriphenylamine(MTPA),4,4′-dimethyltriphenylamine(DMTPA) and 4,4′,4″-trimethyltriphenylamine(TMTPA) through Ullmann reaction of diphenylamine or methyl-substituted diphenylamines with p-iodotoluene using cuprous chloride and 1,10-phenanthroline as catalyst.Under the optimum synthesis conditions,the yields are 94.61%,94.76% and 94.93% respectively,and the HPLC purities are all higher than 99.5%.IR,EA and MS were used to determine the structure and purity of the products.