The temporal relationships between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated cutaneous manifestations and IBD remain uncertain, with existing evidence mostly from separate cross-sectional studies. We sought to determine the risks of IBD-related dermatologic diseases before and after the diagnosis of IBD. We identified 2847 cases of IBD and 14,235 matched controls from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between 2003 and 2014. The risks of cutaneous manifestations before and after the diagnosis of IBD were estimated with multivariable-adjusted analyses. At diagnosis, IBD was associated with atopic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–2.28), erythema nodosum (OR = 7.44; 95%CI, 3.75–14.77), aphthous stomatitis (OR = 2.01; 95%CI, 1.72–2.35), polyarteritis nodosa (OR = 5.67; 95%CI, 2.69–11.98), rosacea (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.19–2.35), and cutaneous T cell lymphoma (OR = 21.27; 95%CI, 2.37–191.00). IBD was associated with the subsequent development of pyoderma gangrenosum (hazard ratio (HR) = 17.79; 95%CI, 6.35–49.86), erythema nodosum (HR = 6.54; 95%CI, 2.83–15.13), polyarteritis nodosa (HR = 2.69; 95%CI, 1.05–6.90), hidradenitis suppurativa (HR = 2.48; 95%CI, 1.03–5.97), psoriasis (HR = 2.19; 95%CI, 1.27–3.79), rosacea (HR = 1.92; 95%CI, 1.39–2.65), and aphthous stomatitis (HR = 1.45; 95%CI, 1.22–1.72). This study clarified the associations and temporal relationships between cutaneous manifestations and IBD, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary care in the patient with specific dermatologic diseases presenting with abdominal symptoms, or the IBD patients with cutaneous lesions.


The combined thermal phenomena are a series of multi-factor coupling phenomena caused by the structural thermal response under the cumulative action of aerodynamic heating. The combined thermal phenomena, which will lead to a more significant time-space coupling effect on the multiple physics of hypersonic vehicle, is an important issue in the development of long-haul hypersonic vehicle in the future. This paper describes the connotation of the combined thermal phenomena by combining with the physical link of the aircraft system coupling phenomenon. The physical essence and prediction methods of the combined thermal problem are expounded in detail. The key issues affecting the combined thermal problem such as aerodynamics, aerodynamics/structure/trajectory coupling are discussed. The new progress in the research of coupling experimental verification is introduced. The extension of the combined thermal problem such as the multi-scale effect of the new composite thermal protection materials, the multi-system optimization design based on the multi-factor coupling method, and the influence of the cabin thermal effect on the heat protection system are discussed.


The utility model relates to an intelligent anti-theft alarm which comprises a controller, a remote controller, an infrared probe and an alarm signal receiving system, wherein the controller is provided with a single chip computer, a GSM module, an intelligent control module and a power supply; the remote controller and the infrared probe are connected with the single chip computer by a wireless receiving module; the single chip computer is connected with the GSM module; the single chip computer and the GSM module are connected to the intelligent control module and the alarm signal receiving system. The GSM module is connected with a GSM network by an SIM card; the alarm signal receiving system comprises a voice signal alarm and/or a fixed telephone and/or a mobile phone for network alarm. Control signals of alarm are connected to the voice signal alarm, and the remote transmission of network dialing and/or mobile phone short messages is started by the GSM module. The utility model with large monitoring coverage, strong reliability, convenience and quickness has the advantage that intelligent control of alarm by network data transmission can be achieved, and the utility model can be widely used for remote monitoring alarm of domestic theft protection, conference theft protection, automobile theft protection and poisonous and harmful sites.


Through the few numbers of formal study that shows the usability of the optical see-through augmented reality (AR) display, especially in the outdoor environment, has been affected by ambient lighting conditions and dynamic real-world backgrounds. They used painted posters which represented a real-world background to examine the effect. Under changing lighting conditions, the colour palette of the environment can also cause considerable problems. For example, specific label colours can be affected by the similarity of the selected colour scheme. Besides, the actual outdoor light source illuminates the actual objects in outdoor AR systems, while the augmented virtual objects are illuminated by a virtual light source. The colour differentials arise from these two light sources, with the actual object and virtual object being visualized as a combination of the colours induced by the two light sources. Furthermore, there is a visible colour difference between the real object and the virtual object. This paper studies the effect of the real-world backgrounds using colour blending technique on optical see-through AR user interface design. It enables AR graphics to be overlaid onto real-world backgrounds as nicely as painted posters. Colour blending effects influenced physical materials as backgrounds are almost the same as their corresponding poster backgrounds, even if each pair of colours are just a metameric match.


[Objective] The aim of the study is to compare the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) isoenzymes in three species of shrimps Penaeus japonicus, Procambarus clarkia and Litopenaeus vannamei. [Method] The experimental materials were used to measure SOD activities after pretreatment, meanwhile the differences in SOD isoenzymes from different materials were assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). [Result] There are specific and histological differences in SOD activities of shrimps. With a similar electrophoresis pattern and migration rate, Penaeus japonicus and Litopenaeus vannamei showed remarkable differences with that of Procambarus clarkia. [Conclusion] The result showed the differences of cognation and origin of three shrimps.


This paper presents two kinds of GLS estimations of fixed parameters and randoms parameters in mixed coefficient model. It also discusses some properties of the estimations.


Controlled atmosphere (CA) and 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP; SmartFreshSM) are routinely used by the South African avocado industry to prevent premature ripening and certain physiological disorders during exportation. Under certain conditions, however, the fruit may ripen sub-optimally when introduced into a commercial ripening program. A series of laboratory and commercial based trails were therefore launched to investigate this issue. The laboratory based trials demonstrated that CA and SmartFreshSM fruit ripen quite similarly when a 70% moisture content (30% dry mass content) threshold value is reached. In order to confi rm this under commercial conditions, one container each of controlled atmosphere (CA) and SmartFreshSM 'Hass' and 'Fuerte' avocados were exported from Westfalia Estates in South Africa to two prepackers in the United Kingdom during July 2006. Each consignment contained 7 Hass and 3 Fuerte samples. The ripening patterns of the fruit were recorded by the two prepackers. The controlled atmosphere fruit took an average of 4.98 days to ripen while the SmartFreshSM fruit required 5.44 days. Although considerable variation occurred between samples, certain of the cultivar/count combinations displayed very similar ripening patterns whether treated with SmartFreshSM or stored under CA. In both cultivars, the largest SmartFreshSM fruit ripened faster than the CA fruit while the reverse was true for the smallest counts. The commercial results thus confi rmed the laboratory fi nding regarding the 70% moisture content (30% dry mass) threshold value for SmartFreshSM fruit destined for the 'ripe and ready' market sector. The incidence of grey pulp (diffuse mesocarp discolouration) was low in the commercial trial. However, the laboratory trial clearly demonstrated the grey pulp reducing capacity of 1-MCP. INTRODUCTION During 2000/01, the Agricultural Research Council's Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops launched a number of laboratory based trials with the ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (Lemmer & Kruger, 2003). This was followed by semi-commercial trials in static containers at Westfalia Estates during 2003 (Lemmer et al., 2003). The fi rst commercial 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; SmartFreshSM) based exports took place during 2003. The primary aim of the application is to prevent soft landings and reduce physiological disorders such as grey pulp (diffuse mesocarp discolouration) and pulp spot. Up to then, cold storage combined with controlled atmosphere (CA) was used for this purpose. The fi rst season's SmartFeshSM (SF) consignments all landed hard and were well received in Europe. However, certain English ripeners complained that the avocados may take too long to ripen and may ripen unevenly under certain conditions. A number of research trials were therefore initiated to address this aspect. The present paper deals with two of these. The fi rst part concerns a laboratory trial that was conducted to determine an appropriate maturity threshold value for the 'ripe and ready' market sector while the second involves a commercial trial to confi rm the latter recommendation under commercial conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laboratory based trials During 2004, SF was applied to 52 Hass samples from the Burgershall production region ranging in moisture content (MC) from 76% to 62% (24-38% dry mass content). The fruit were stored under export simulation conditions and the mean number of days to ripen (DTR) determined. This was compared with that of untreated fruit stored at regular atmosphere (RA). Commercial trial During the second week of July 2006, SF was applied to 22 pallets of avocados destined for England. The container contained both Hass and Fuerte fruit originating from fi ve farms managed by Westfalia Estates. The maturity levels of the samples varied between 71% and 62%. Upon arrival of the container in the United Kingdom during the fi rst week of August, the content was split between Greencell (GC) in Spalding and Minor Weir and Willis (MWW) in Birmingham. Ripening was subsequently performed under commercial conditions. The evaluations entailed recording the DTR as well as scoring all physiological (lenticel damage, black cold injury, grey pulp and bruising) and pathological (anthracnose, stem-end rot and vascular browning) disorders. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The DTR results of the laboratory trial are visually displayed in Figure 1. At the beginning of the season, RA fruit with a MC between 76% and 75% required around 10 -11 DTR. At the same maturity level, SF fruit took approximately 12-13 DTR (2 days longer). The mean DTR of both RA and SF fruit steadily decreased as the season progressed. The DTR of both RA and SF stabilized at a MC of around 70%. Between 70% and 64%, the mean DTR of the RA fruit remained around 7 days. During the same period, the mean DTR of SF fruit was around 8 days. The incidence of grey pulp in Hass avocados from a selection of susceptible farms is shown in Figure 2. The disorder was found to become more prevalent as the season progressed but SF was found to reduce the incidence of grey pulp in predisposed fruit. The results of the commercial trial are summarized in Table 1. A total of 19 samples originating from fi ve farms were ripened. In order to simplify the interpretation of the results, the same count


be confirmed or refuted directly on the basis of empirical findings. However, there are also many reasons why we should not treat these three sentences in the same way. Attempts to confirm the first claim are merely a waste of time unless they are undertaken by anyone other than a marketing specialist responsible for the optimal supply of models of cars for the Italian market. Nevertheless, this is a cognitive issue, be it significant or not, well or badly formulated. The second sentence, in turn, is clearly emotionally tinted it expresses animosity towards the Poles since the "anti-Semite" epithet is commonly held to be pejorative. This fact, alongside the lack of lucid definition of the term, makes it difficult to determine whether the claim is true or not. One possible solution would be to assume that acceptance of opinions similar to the one expressed in the third sentence is a sign of anti-Semitism. And granted that nobody is without sin to substitute the question, "Are Poles anti-Semites?" with another question, i.e., "What is the nature of contemporary Polish anti-Semitism?" I do not intend to attempt any comprehensive answer to so broad a question in the present text. I shall merely formulate a few hypotheses on the basis of the findings of opinion polls conducted by DEMOSKOP in 1991-1992. I must warn the reader at once that these are not any profound studies nor are they even particularly focussed on the topic of ethnic prejudice. The meaning of the following presentation is merely statistical. In January 1991, in a study of the attitudes of Poles towards the ongoing systemic transformation,1 the respondents were asked whether or not they agreed with the following three statements, in that order:


A Description of Distant Roads: Original Journals of the First Expedition into California, 1769-1770. By Juan Crespi. Edited and translated by Alan K. Brown. (San Diego: San Diego State University Press. 2001. Pp. xv, 848. $60.00.) Spanish settlement in the modern State of California, immediately following expulsion of Jesuit missionaries from Baja California in 1768, was primarily a task of the Franciscan Order. The triumvirate of initial establishment in Franciscan California consisted of friars Junipero Serra, the founder; Francisco Palou, the chronicler; and Juan Crespi, the explorer. While Serra is well known internationally, and Palou locally, Crespi is relatively unknown other than to historians. To some degree this is the result of Palou's and Serra's writings having been published in English translations by such scholars as Herbert E. Bolton, Maynard J. Geiger, O.F.M., and Antonine Tibesar, O.EM., while, prior to the work reviewed herein, the complete diaries of Juan Crespi's travels in Alta California have been available only in manuscript form in Spanish in the Curia Generalizia Ordinis Fratrum Minorum, Rome, and Archive General de la Nacion, Mexico. Crespi, born in Palma, Mallorca, in 1721, studied with Palou in its Franciscan college under Serra. Crespi accompanied both his mentor and his classmate to New Spain in 1749 and served with them in the Sierra Gorda missions in Queretaro until 1767, when they were assigned to replace Jesuit missionaries in Baja California. Destined to La Purisima Concepcion de Cadegomo, shortly thereafter Crespi was named as clerical leader of the initial overland expedition for establishment of San Diego in Alta California under Fernando de Rivera y Moncada. Leaving La Purosima on February 26,1769, Crespo reached the northern-most ex-Jesuit mission of Santa Maria de los Angeles on March 20 and from there he joined Rivera and Jose de Canizares at Velicata, whence they followed the 1766 route of Wenceslaus Linck, S.J., into the Sierra San Pedro Martir and subsequently to San Diego Bay between March 22 and May 13. The journals of Crespi and Canizares of this leg of the expedition were published in 2003, translated and annotated in detail by Harry W. Crosby. After some four decades of research, translating, and annotating, Alan K. Brown, a linguist-historian, has happily finally found a publisher for his exhaustive work on Crespi's complete journals of the first inland-overland exploration of Alta California. …


: Background : There is an increase in the incidence of heart failure among the sub-Saharan population. The use of guideline-directed medical therapy has been shown not only to reduce disease progression but also frequent hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality from heart failure. This study was directed at identifying which of the major drug class for treatment of heart failure was incorporated by the physicians in the area. Methodology : The study involved collection of data from patient's records using an observational checklist. A total of 166 heart failure patients with reduced EF were recruited between the age ranges of 33 and 95 years. The medications prescribed, date of drug initiation and progress in optimization of therapy were assessed over a 1-year period and data analyzed using SPSS version 25. A p-value of 0.05 and below was considered statistically significant. Results : The result showed that the most prevalent causes of heart failure were hypertensive heart disease (70.5%), followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (15.7%) and valvular heart disease (6.6%). The use of diuretics was prevalent among study cohorts at 87.4%, followed by Mineralocorticoid antagonist (MRAs) (78.3%), ARB/ACEI/ARNI (68.1%), beta blockers (40.4%), and less than a third of patients were on SGLT2 inhibitors (28.9%). The dosing of heart failure medications was noticed to be fixed without up-titration of doses at intervals for most classes of GDMT except the MRAs. Only about 2.4% of the study cohorts had dose optimization over this period and most study patients were not on optimal maximal doses of heart failure therapy. Conclusion : The use of guideline directed medical therapy has improved amongst HF patients however up titration of doses remains a major problem amongst patients managed in our clinic. The implementation of a multi-disciplinary HF clinic focused on improvement of outcomes of HF patient is essential in improving not only the use of Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) but up-titration to optimal doses for maximal benefits.


This review of the existing evidence on the impact of disability on labour market outcomes draws together the key themes in the literature and by considering a range of evidence provides a comprehensive overview of the significant negative effects disability has on both employment and earnings. Importantly, this paper is able to identify specific features of the disabled group that complicate their labour market analysis and, as such, examines the impact of different techniques and assumptions on the empirical results. In addition, recent evidence relating to significant changes in legislation affecting the disabled, such as the introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the US and the Disability Discrimination Act in the UK, is considered. JEL Classification: I1, J7.


Two federal district judges have invalidated the so-called "individual mandate" in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. Their reasoning is bizarre and mischievous. The novel approach to constitutional law that they propose would misread the Constitution, betray the intentions of the framers, and cripple the nation's ability to address one of its most pressing problems. The correct legal analysis is simple. Congress has the authority to solve problems that the states cannot separately solve. It can choose any reasonable means to do that.


Hydrometeors of varying sizes have different fall speeds; for example, larger raindrops have greater fall speeds than smaller raindrops. The resultant differential sedimentation leads to differences in residence time in a sorting layer where drops can be advected by the storm‐relative winds. The resulting size sorting has an effect on the polarimetric radar variables including specific differential phase KDP and differential reflectivity ZDR. This study uses a simple numerical model of raindrop size sorting to analyze and further elucidate the relationship between the storm‐relative winds and the ZDR and KDP fields. Increased mean storm‐relative winds lead to increased ZDR magnitudes and decreased KDP magnitudes. The separation distance between ZDR and KDP maxima is proportional to the magnitude of the mean storm‐relative wind and the orientation of a vector from ZDR to KDP maxima is aligned with the mean storm‐relative wind over the sorting layer. Further, it is shown that larger values of storm‐relative helicity are associated with greater separation distances and separation orientations approaching orthogonal to the shear vector over the sorting layer.


This research purposed to know the effect of biofertilizers, the effect of soil type, and the effect of interaction between biofertilizers and soil type on growth and yield arrowroot. This study uses a randomized block design with 2 factors, namely biofertilizers of biota max consisting of 2 levels and types of land consisting of 2 levels. Analysis of the data using Analysis of Variance and continued with Test of Least Significant Difference at the level 5%. The results of this study indicate that: 1) application of  biofertilizer is effect significantly   against  increased  in the number of leaves, number of tillers total, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate, the number of tubers per hill, tuber diameter, tuber length and weight of tuber per hill than without the application of biofertilizers, 2) arrowroot planting in soil grumosol significant effect against  increased crop height, number of tillers total, relative growth rate, leaf area index, and the number of tuber per hill than arrowroot planting in rendzina soil.


TVRI Bengkulu Public Broadcasting Institution (LPP) which is supposed to be responsible for the welfare of its workers, especially freelancers, is more concerned with the workload of its workers because a person's workload must be appropriate and balanced against the physical and psychological abilities of workers. This study aims to determine the commoditization of workers carried out on TVRI Bengkulu television station. This research method uses qualitative research methods which are presented descriptively. Informants in this study used purposive sampling, namely Kasubsi TVRI Bengkulu Program, Journalists, News Administration, News Broadcasters, and employees who had worked at TVRI Bengkulu from various fields such as Journalists, Production Engineering, and Program Staff. Methods of collecting data using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques use the method of constant cooperative technique. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the occurrence of Commoditization of Workers in the TVRI Bengkulu Public Broadcasting Institution is true, this is indicated by the existence of work inequality ranging from additional work to the salary system obtained. When referring to the theory put forward by Vincent Mosco the media make optimal use of energy and mind by forcing them to do more than one job as a form of employee loyalty to the media industry.


From the perspective of Pareto efficiency of resource allocation, this paper first presents the connotation of sustainable urban land intensive use that integrates economic, social and environmental benefits, and then it analyzes the spatial-temporal pattern and impacting factors of sustainable urban land intensive use among different main functionaloriented zones. The DPCSIR model, entropy weight and econometric model(FGLS) are used in this study. The results show that 1) the level of sustainable urban land intensive use is far lower than traditional land intensive use that only considers economic benefit between 2003 and 2011; 2) there are significant differences in the level of sustainable urban land intensive use between different main functional-oriented zones. The other development zone observes the highest level of sustainable urban land intensive use, followed by the optimizing development zone and the key development zone; 3) the current level of sustainable urban land intensive use is highly dependent on its previous level. Investment in fixed assets per km2, environmental governance investment per km2, and green land area per capita have a significant and positive effect on sustainable land intensive use, while energy consumption per km2 has a significant lagged effect, and the net effect is negative. It is suggested that the dynamic monitor on sustainable urban land intensive use, and implementation of differentiated land management policy among the main functional-oriented zones are crucial in the process of new-type urbanization.


Objective To investigate the causes of chronic cough in Chongqing City and assess the efficacy of specific therapy. Methods A total of 233 consecutively non-selected referred patients (136 females) whose cough duration more than eight weeks were studied. Their age[median (range)] was 44.5 (15-78) yrs and cough duration was 2.6 (0.2-30) yrs. They were diagnosed using a diagnostic protocol based on the Guideline on Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough established by China Medical Association and American College of Chest Physicians. The etiological diagnosis was made according to clinical manifestations,lab examinations,and response to specific therapy. The effects was assessed four weeks after the drug withdraw. Results The cause of chronic cough was confirmed in 216 patients (92.7%). Seventeen patients(7.3%) had not been definitely diagnosed. Cough due to a single cause was found in 163 patients(75.45%),and due to multiple causes in 53 patients (24.53%). The causes included upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) in 127 patients(44.4%),cough variant asthma (CVA) in 73 patients(25.5%),gastro-esophageal reflux cough (GERC) in 26 patients(9.1%),postinfectious cough and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced cough in 6 patients(2.1%),atopic cough in 5 patients(1.7%),chronic bronchitis in 3 patients(1.0%),respectively. After specific therapy based on diagnosis,cough cured in 59 patients (25.3%),and alleviated in 114 patients (49.3%),no response in 40 patients(17.1%). Conclusion The causes of chronic cough in different areas maybe variant. UACS,CVA and GREC are the main causes of chronic cough in Chongqing City. Specific therapy is effective in majority of patients with chronic cough.


In England the traditions of female education were formed over the centuries, and have survived to the present day. First of all, many educational institutions in England adhere to the idea of separate education of boys and girls, which serves a better education, according to school leaders. The most powerful argument in favor of separate education of boys and girls remains the same as it was one or two hundred years ago – boys and girls are more focused on learning being apart from each other. In addition, boys need a competitive environment more than girls who prefer cooperation and teamwork. In the XVII century female education becomes more widespread than in previous centuries. This century is characterized by an increase in the number of women's educational institutions, changes in the goals and contents of female education, changes in the attitude to the female education and the role of women in the family and society, which were largely influenced by historical events – the English Revolution of the 1640s, the Republic under Cromwell, the Restoration, religious persecution, the ideas of the Enlightenment. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the features of middle and upper class women education, types of women educational institutions existed in the XVII century, subjects studied there, and specifics of home education.


The present invention relates to an androgen therapeutic composition with a favorable effect on prostate hyperplasia. This composition is characterized in that it contains dihydrotestosterone in an amount administered corresponding to a level of dihydrotestosterone alone greater than 2.5 ng / ml and a total plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone level greater than 3.5 ng / ml in the normal man.


The thesis examines the shareholders' liability for compensation claims acknowledged by the Bundesgerichtshof in its decision of January 24, 2012 (II ZR 109/11) and further developed in its decision of May 10, 2016 (II ZR 342/14). The thesis traces the development of the liability concept and examines its dogmatic basis. In addition, the thesis analyzes the requirements, addressees, and legal consequences of the personal liability of the shareholders and makes a proposal for an interest-oriented structuring of the liability. The thesis is rounded off with an examination of the statutory and non-statutory options with regard to shareholder liability.


Under the influence of the principle of sovereign immunity and financial burden, the legislation and practice of criminal compensation are comparatively conservative and backward both in federal and state level in the United States. In the legislation, the scope of criminal compensation is narrow, the legal requirement for obtaining criminal compensation is very rigid, and the claimant have to take strict burden of proof, the amount of compensation the victim can get has many restrictions. In the practice, it needs a long time for the victim to obtain the criminal compensation. Nowadays, the legislation of criminal compensation in USA has been taken seriously by many states, but it has a long way to go.


In this paper, the problem of designing global finite-time observers is investigated for a class of nonlinear systems which are uniformly observable and globally Lipschitz. Based on the theories of globally asymptotic stability and finite-time stability at the origin of the system, an approach to design global finite-time observers for the nonlinear system is presented. It has been shown that, the global finite-time observer designed possesses advantages of in rapid speed and high precision over traditional observers which realize asymptotic reconstruction of the states of the systems.


The method is intended for a needle loom comprising at least one plate (7) supporting a set of needles (8) parallel, said plate being actuated by reciprocating between a retracted position of the needles and a maximum penetration position of the needles through a first plate (2), a web to be needled (3) and a second plate (1). The method is characterized in that it consists of projecting of pressurized air laterally on the outside, which is not in contact with the fleece, of at least one of said plates (1, 2) for at least part of the time of operation of the needling machine.


We describe the Biblioteca Virtual de Derecho Aragones project, its chronological and thematic scope, the scientific team that conducted it and the institutional support received by the project. The production of the first digital disk edition in 2003, related to the Civil Law, and the online edition that also incorporates public law is outlined. The characteristics of the information system and the OAI-PMH repository are described, as well as the various harvesters as OAIster, Europeana, Hispanic that aggregate its content. The output of documents in MOBI and ePub formats is analysed, and finally the future plans for the database, such as the OCR following ALTO for 300,000 pages of old printed books, the application of SKOS for organizing content, the creation of a harvester to collect information on Civil and Public Law and measures of long-term digital preservation as the OAIS model are mentioned.


Thank you for reading cost control and information systems a complete guide to effective design and implementation. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this cost control and information systems a complete guide to effective design and implementation, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


To the Editor: —InThe Journal, April 27, I observed a query by John A. Ferguson, M.D., on "Dermatitis from Handling Upholsterer's Gimps," which brought to my mind an experience of a few months past which may be of interest to you. In January of this year I took possession of an apartment in which was a new upholstered easy chair. It was my wont to spend three or four hours in this chair each evening and I noticed that after about a month my forearms began to break out a short time after occupancy of the chair (my sleeves, of course, being rolled up). I hesitate to display my ignorance of dermatology by describing this phenomenon more than to say that the eruption had an appearance very similar to that of hives. There were welts (circular) from 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, raised perhaps 20 mm. above the


The components and architectures of embedded real-time systems, both software and hardware, are getting more and more complex. Because of this complexity, these systems tend to exhibit non deterministic behaviours. In this context, testing the reachability of a given system state is not always achievable in a black box approach based on the sole control of the input sequence of the system. It is sometimes mandatory to act on the internal behaviour of the system. In this paper, we propose a method to achieve this control by introducing delays at the interface between the application and the RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) in order to drive the system toward the desired states. The delays are generated automatically with a technique based on parametric analysis of Time Petri Net (TPN).


The term surfactant is derived from the words surface active agent. Surfactants provide remarkable benefits in many textile wet processes. A surface active chemical is one which tends to accumulate at a surface or interface. An interface is the area of contact between two substances. Where the interface is between two substances not in the same phase, the interface is usually called a surface.


Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved state-of-the-art performance depending on the availability of copious parallel corpora. However, for low-resource NMT task, the scarcity of training data will inevitably lead to poor translation performance. In order to relieve the dependence on scale of bilingual corpus and to cut down training time, we propose a novel data augmentation method named SMC under scarce condition that can Sample Monolingual Corpus containing difficult words only in back-translation process for Mongolian-Chinese (Mn-Ch) and English-Chinese (En-Ch) NMT. Inspired by work in curriculum learning, our approach takes into account the various difficulty-degree of the sample and the corresponding model capabilities. Experimental results show that our method improves translation quality respectively by up to 2.4 and 1.72 BLEU points over the baselines on En-Ch and Mn-Ch datasets while greatly reducing training time.


Standard color-matching functions are designed to represent the mean colormatching response of the population of human observers with normal color vision. When using these functions, two questions arise. Are they an accurate representation of the population? And what is the uncertainty in color-match predictions? To address these questions in the dual context of human visual performance and cross-media reproduction, a color-matching experiment was undertaken in which twenty observers made matches between seven different colors presented in reflective and transmissive color reproduction media and a CRT display viewed through an optical apparatus that produced a simple split field stimulus. In addition, a single observer repeated the experiment 20 times to quantify intra-observer variability. The results are used to evaluate the accuracy of three sets of color-matching functions, to quantify the magnitude of observer variability, and to compare intraand inter-observer variability in color matching. These results are compared with current CIE recommendations on observer metamerism. The magnitude of observer variability in this experiment also provides a quantitative estimate of the limit of cross-media color reproduction accuracy that need not be exceeded. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the NSF-NYS/IUCRC and NYSSTF-CAT Center for Electronic Imaging Systems, and the Munsell Color Science Laboratory. I would like to thank: All the observers who graciously volunteered their time. Jason Gibson for his tireless efforts in collecting the experimental data and participating as an observer for twenty trials. Lisa Reniff for sharing her expertise, experience, and ever smiling support. Dr. Roy Berns for his wit, wisdom, and open door. Dr. Mark Fairchild for the wealth of knowledge he has shared with me, his guidance, and most importantly his confidence in my ability to succeed. My friends and family for their loving support. My wife Laura, who with her encouragement, faith, and love, opened the door to my future and made my dreams a reality. Thank you! TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 StandardObservers 2 Sources ofObserverVariability 3 Inert Pigments 4 Cone Photo-Pigment Spectra 5 Cone Weightings 6 Related Studies 7 D&H ColorRule 7 Pobboravsky. 8 North andFairchild 9 CurrentResearch 9 EXPERIMENT 12 Design 12 Observers 15 Instructions 17 Procedure 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 21 Precision andAccuracy 21 ColorMatchingFunctions 25 TristimulusValue Calculations 26 CIELAB Coordinates 29 ObserverVariability 30 Confidence Regions. 32 Bishop's Test: Homogeneity ofVariance 42 Hotelling's T2 TestforMeans 44 PredictedObserverVariability 51 CIE StandardDeviate Observer 53 Variability OfSpectral Tristimulus Values 62 ScalingCovarianceMatrices 68 CONCLUSIONS 70 REFERENCES 73 APPENDIX A 77 Intraand Inter-ObserverExperimental ColorMatches 77 APPENDTX B 119 Experimental& PredictedRanges ofColorMismatch 119 APPENDTX C 161 Experimental Cross-MediaMetamers: SpectralPlots 161 APPENDTX D 175 ExperimentalCross-MediaMetamers: SpectralData 175 APPENDKE 189 Experimental Uncertainties: Intra-ObserverData 189 APPENDKF 190 ExperimentalUncertainties: Inter-ObserverData 190 APPENDTX G 191 ExperimentalData 191 APPENDTX H 196 Mathematica Script: PlottingConfidenceEllipses 196 APPENDTX 1 208 SYSTAT Command Script: Plotting ConfidenceEllipses 208 LIST OF FIGURES FIG. 1. CIE X,Y CHROMATICITY DIAGRAM SHOWING THE COORDINATES OF THE FOURTEEN HARD-COPY STIMULIWITH RESPECT TO THE CHROMATICITY GAMUTOF THECRT DISPLAY 13 FIG. 2. Schematicoverhead viewof experimental set-up used for color MATCHING 14 FIG. 3. The spectral power distributions of a gray transparency and aCRT DISPLAYMETAMERICMATCH 20 FIG. 4. Color-matching functions: Stiles-Burch mean observer, CIE 2 StandardColorimetricObserver, andCIE 10 Supplemental Standard Colorimetric Observer 25 FIG. 5. Cyan-transparency colormatches: plane 29 FIG. 6. Twenty inter-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by a 95% confidence ellipse of the sample distribution 34 FIG. 7. Twenty inter-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by a 95% confidence ellipse of the samplemean 35 FIG. 8. Twenty inter-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by 95% confidence ellipsesof the sample distribution andmean 36 FIG. 9. Twenty inter-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by 95% confidence ellipsesof the sampledistribution andmean .... 37 FIG. 10. Twenty inter-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by 95% confidence ellipses of the sampledistribution andmean .... 38 FIG. 11. Twenty intra-observer cyan-transparency colormatches bound by 95% confidence ellipsesof the sample distribution andmean 39 FIG. 12. Twenty intraobserver cyan-transparency colormatches bound BY 95% confidence ellipses of the sample distribution ANDMEAN 40


It has been widely acknowledged that further understanding about the cell adhesion (e.g., leukocyte rolling adhesion) can help us gain more knowledge about the causes of relevant diseases and design more effective treatments and diagnoses. Although recent simulation studies considered the deformability of the leukocytes, most of them, however, did not consider the bending deformation of microvilli. In this paper, an advanced leukocyte model based on an immersed boundary lattice-Boltzmann lattice-spring model (LLM) and an adhesive dynamics (AD) is presented in details. The flexural stiffness of microvilli is introduced into the model for simulations of leukocyte rolling adhesion. This innovative model is applied to investigate the influences of bending deformation of microvilli on the process of leukocyte rolling adhesion and the underlying mechanism at different shear rates. It is demonstrated that the bending deformation of microvilli can be influenced by the flexural stiffness of microvilli and shear rates, resulting in the different rolling velocity of leukocytes, number of receptor-ligand bonds, and bond forces. The findings clearly indicate that the bending of microvilli plays a crucial role in the dynamics of leukocyte adhesion.


The cordierite porous ceramics were made from kaolinite, talc and α-alumina, formed by pressing and fired at 1200 °C for one hour. Starch was used as pore-forming agent. Physical/chemical properties and microstructure of products were characterized. The results show that samples exhibit relatively high strength, low coefficient of thermal expansion and well-distributed gradient pores. The pores of samples are homogeneous.


A consistent and as yet inadequately solved problem of radiation dosimetry is that of predicting the biological effect of ionizing radiation in a system wherein a homogeneous dose distribution has not been achieved. Various compromise dose measurements such as the exit dose (1, 2) or the midline tissue dose (3) have been applied and have been shown to be of only limited usefulness. For the end-point of lethality in mammals the dose which probably reflects the biological damage most directly is that which is absorbed within bone marrow. If this is true, radiation not capable of penetrating the shielding bony structures cannot accomplish biological damage that would contribute to acute lethality. It was the purpose of the study to be reported here to test the foregoing hypothesis by concomitant administration of a massive dose of soft x-rays and 250-kv x-irradiation, and simultaneously to determine the lethal dose for the 250-kvp x-rays. Methods Mongrel male dogs weighing initially 8 to 12 kg. were used in ...


As China's economic development,stability requirements of the power supply system has been increased,thereby increasing the substation batteries and DC power requirements.However,the battery power system substation application of high technology maintenance costs,the effect is not ideal,and ultimately affects the performance of the battery.Therefore,the paper analyzed the monitoring and control of lead-acid battery charge and discharge indicator,battery-line monitoring system components and the actual effect of system applications.


This paper examines the implications of parallel trade for the level of innovations in health care market, the price of the innovated drug and for welfare levels of the Third and the Rich world. We have shown in terms of a very simple analytical framework that regardless of intra country differences, parallel imports results in lower level of health-care innovation but, contrary to popular as well as conventional theoretical wisdom, lower price in the third world compared to market-based discrimination. Despite such lower price, however, parallel imports unambiguously makes all buyers in the Third world worse off when intra-country income disparity exist. The only gainers from parallel imports appear to be the buyers in the rich world.


Current trends in high performance computing (HPC) are advancing towards the use of graphics processing units (GPUs) to achieve speed-ups through the extraction of fine-grain parallelism of applications. Since 2007 NVIDIA GPUs have been developed exclusively for computational tasks as massively-parallel co-processors to the CPU, which provide new opportunities for sparse matrix solvers for applications in computational mechanics. This paper examines the current state of GPU parallel solvers in computational mechanics with a review of applications in computational structural mechanics (CSM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) that support product development for the manufacturing industry. Computational efficiency and simulation turnaround times continue to be important factors behind scientific and engineering decisions to develop models at higher fidelity, and recent history has shown that a rapid simulation capability with increased model fidelity has the potential to transform current practices in engineering analysis and design optimization. GPU trends for CSM and CFD software show substantial gains in parallel efficiency from a second-level fine-grain parallelism under first-level distributed memory parallel through implementation of hybrid CPU-GPU co-processing. Examples are provided that compare results with the use of conventional CPUs with and without GPU acceleration.


We aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo actions of the functionalized Fe3O4/salicylic acid magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) on the human glioblastoma tumoral cells, established from a patient diagnosed with glioblastoma. For in vitro study the human glioblastoma cells were cultured and exposed to different concentration of MNPs and cell proliferation was measured. The incubation of the glioblastoma cells with the 0.25 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml, and 1 µg/ml MPNs for 72 hours revealed no significant effect induced on human glioblastoma cells in vitro proliferation. For in vivo study the human glioblastoma cells were transplanted on chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The MNPs were injected into the CAM blood vessels and guided in the tumor area with a strong static magnet. After intravascular MNPs injection the CAM with the human tumoral xenograft were harvested and processed for histological study. The intravascular injected MNPs can be guided under the action of a magnetic field in the glioblastoma xenograft. A decrease in tumor xenograft growth due to intratumoral necrotic lesions and peritumoral vessels nanoblockage induced by MNPs accumulation under magnetic field action were observed on the histological analysis. This behavior suggests the potential of the Fe3O4/salicylic acid magnetic nanoparticles in the tumor treatment.


even when they are based on fact. The passages adduced to prove that Paul had an aversion to women and marriage may well be interpreted in a different sense. That he regarded some women as among his best helpers is certain; that he wrote some noble passages about the marriage union is no less so. Admitting with our author that he never shook himself free of certain rags of Jewish prejudice, it may yet be claimed for Paul that he did more than any other man to lift the relations of men and women to a higher plane. Dr. Delling, however, has given us a highly interesting book, which is perhaps the more useful because it is sometimes provocative. Perhaps the most valuable part of it is the opening section on the position of women in the ancient world. The student will here find a mass of material which has never before been so succinctly put together, and in the light of it he may form his own judgment as to whether, and in what directions, Paul made an advance on the ideas of his time. E. F. SCOTT


The research has been studied by a university hospital and general hospital as rapid increasing of medical treatment demand. However, individual hospitals are poor in data compared with the opening status. In this study, we performed to analyse data of status be based on 63 medical building CASE in the cheongju, then the data was used understanding of planning characteristic through assay of expertise which are Location distribution, Building stories, Neighbourhood living facility and Distribution of ohter area of expertise inside same building. According to enquiry, Orthopedics, Pediatrics, Dermatology, Dental clinic, Rehabilitation medicine are high-rise building the other hands, these are included low-rise building that are Cardiothoracic surgery, Plastic surgery, Urological section, Psychiatry and Anesthesiology. If it considers of number of floors, the Internal medicine, Pediatrics and Rehabilitation medicine are located on the low level even though these are belong to high-rise building.


This is the second of two special sections we have presented to JST, featuring new methods of research on solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) that are directly useful to practitioners. The four articles in Part I (JST, vol. 32, no. 3) introduced microanalysis of therapeutic dialogues, which focuses directly on the details of how therapists work. The four articles here, in Part II, are more varied, but they continue to share several common themes:


A dilute solution of metallic tin in palladium has been found to be useful as a source in 119mSn Mossbauer spectroscopy. A 3%‐Sn−97%‐Pd matrix has been studied in detail and gives rise to single‐line resonance spectra with single‐line absorbers (e.g., β‐Sn, Mg2Sn, etc.). The zero‐absorber‐thickness extrapolated linewidth obtained with the Pd(Sn) source at 297°K and β‐tin absorbers at 77°K was found to be 0.77±0.02 mm sec−1. The recoil‐free fraction for the Pd(Sn) source is approximately 0.42 at 297°K. The observed Pd(Sn)–SnO2 isomer shift is 1.46±0.04 mm sec−1 at room temperature and the corresponding Pd(Sn)–Mg2Sn isomer shift is 0.35±0.02 mm sec−1. Palladium—tin matrices with up to ∼10% by weight of tin can be successfully used as narrow‐line, large recoil‐free fraction sources for Mossbauer spectroscopy at room temperature.


The 2nd ring expressway of Wuhan City crosses Beijing-Guangzhou railway bridge and its deck adopts gradually-changing bilateral prestressed concrete box beams, whose maximum suspension pouring segment is as heavy as 903.1t. Kiloton triangular traveling carriage with a design bearing capacity of 1000t is adopted and such traveler is a super large back-anchorage triangular traveling carriage. After description of design scheme, construction process and effect of the traveling carriage, key discussion is made on the following construction processes, such as structure, installation and prepressing of kiloton triangular traveling carriage.Design and construction of the kiloton triangular traveling carriage provide certain references for cantilever concrete pouring construction of similar bridge.


The Ramsey number $r(G,H)$ is the minimum $N$ such that every graph on $N$ vertices contains $G$ as a subgraph or its complement contains $H$ as a subgraph. For integers $n \geq k \geq 1$, the $k$-book $B_{k,n}$ is the graph on $n$ vertices consisting of a copy of $K_k$, called the spine, as well as $n-k$ additional vertices each adjacent to every vertex of the spine and non-adjacent to each other. A connected graph $H$ on $n$ vertices is called $p$-good if $r(K_p,H)=(p-1)(n-1)+1$. Nikiforov and Rousseau proved that if $n$ is sufficiently large in terms of $p$ and $k$, then $B_{k,n}$ is $p$-good. Their proof uses Szemer\'edi's regularity lemma and gives a tower-type bound on $n$. We give a short new proof that avoids using the regularity method and shows that every $B_{k,n}$ with $n \geq 2^{k^{10p}}$ is $p$-good. Using Szemer\'edi's regularity lemma, Nikiforov and Rousseau also proved much more general goodness-type results, proving a tight bound on $r(G,H)$ for several families of sparse graphs $G$ and $H$ as long as $|V(G)|<\delta |V(H)|$ for a small constant $\delta>0$. Using our techniques, we prove a new result of this type, showing that $r(G,H) = (p-1)(n-1)+1$ when $H =B_{k,n}$ and $G$ is a complete $p$-partite graph whose first $p-1$ parts have constant size and whose last part has size $\delta n$, for some small constant $\delta>0$. Again, our proof does not use the regularity method, and thus yields double-exponential bounds on $\delta$.


This article offers a modified search architecture, which uses multilevel evolution. It allows paralleling the process of solution search and partially eliminating the problem of preliminary convergence of algorithms. Breaking up the search into stages provides the opportunity to apply different algorithms (the evolutionary, genetic and bee algorithms) at each stage. The mechanisms of evolutionary adaptation directly influence the process of formation of the current population of alternative solutions and creation of a new population of promising solutions based on it. Computational experiments allowed to update theoretical evaluations of time complexity of the suggested algorithms as well as of their efficiency at solving complex practical problems.


Introduction. Haematological malignancies related to previous chemo and/or radio-therapy for neoplasia have been well investigated. This subgroup was defined as therapy-related myeloid neoplasms by ELN. In the field of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) the diagnosis of a secondary neoplasia after CML diagnosis has been studied but the presence of 'secondary CML' has not been completely defined. In clinical practice we collected patients with a CML diagnosis who had a previous history of malignancy.
 Aim and methods. We reviewed our databases to collect the cases of 'secondary CML' in 4 hematological Italian centres.
 Results. We found 51 patients who were diagnosed with previous malignancies out of 617 CML patients (8.3%). We conducted the analysis on 48 patients, removing the other three patients who were diagnosed before the era of tirosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We then subdivided patients in two groups according to the treatment they received for the previous neoplasia: patients treated by surgery (group A: 27 patients) and patients treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (group B: 21 patients). Clinical characteristics at diagnosis of the patients of the two groups were summarized in Table 1.
 The majority of the patients showed bcr-abl b3a2 (59% in group A and 62% in group B), no one showed additional cytogenetic abnormalities. The median time between the diagnosis of the primary neoplasia and CML were not different: 78 months (range 1-276) in the group A and 75 months (range 1-371) in the group B.
 Upfront treatment was Imatinib in 55.6% of the patients in group A and 81% in group B; the remaining patients were treated with Dasatinib in 22.2% and 14% of the patients, respectively, and Nilotinib 22.2% and 5% of the patients, respectively.
 All patients achieved haematological response after 1 month, 24 out of 27 patients (89%) of the group A achieved complete cytogenetic response after a median time of 3 months (range 3-28) and 20 out of 21 patients (95%) of the group B achieved complete cytogenetic response after a median time of 3 months (range 3-12). The median time of major molecular response was 9 months in 20 out of 27 patients (74%) of group A and in 19 out of 21 patients (90%) of group B.
 Patients in group A showed a higher number of events who determined a change in the treatment: 9 patients (33.3%) in group A changed TKI due to resistance (3 patients: 2 primary resistance and 1 secondary resistance) or intolerance (6 patients) versus 4 patients (19%) of the group B because of resistance (3 patients: 2 primary resistance and 1 secondary resistance) or intolerance (1 patient). We recorded 3 deaths: 2 in the group A not related to CML and 1 in the group B due to CML. The median overall survival was 53 months (range 8-228) in the first group and 51 months (range 4-196) in the second group. Unexpectedly we found a 12.5% of patients with a previous diagnosis of lymphoma in patients developing CML and this reached statistical significance (p=0.004) when compared to patients in A group. We also detected 3 out of 48 CML patients (6%) with a previous history of 2 neoplasia and all of them were treated with chemo and/or radiotherapy.
 Conclusion. Our research found that "secondary CML" occurred in 8.3% of newly diagnosed CML patients. Patients were comparable in terms of bcr-abl transcript, risk assessment, clinical and laboratory presentation. Cytogenetic and molecular response to TKIs as well as survival was similar to CML standard population. A significant fraction of patients with "secondary CML" received prior chemo and /or radiotherapy for an haematological malignancies and poses new questions in terms of either genetic predisposition and/or exposure to anticancer treatment.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In order to establish the fattening aptitudes of male Norwegian White x Turcana hybrid young sheep compared to Turcana young sheep, fattening trial was developed during 79 days. Twelve hybrid and twelve Turcana young male sheep were used, and 5 heads of those were slaughtered in the end of the fattening time interval. During the fattening trial, both breed structures were maintained in the same conditions, and received the same food. The differences between the average values recorded in Norwegian White x Turcana male young sheep hybrids and Turcana male young sheep are positive and statistically assured at different significance thresholds for the weight in the end of the fattening time interval (+4.63 kg), total gain (+2.29 kg) and average daily gain (+29.42g), slaughtering weight (+5.56 kg) and warm carcass weight (+4.26 kg).


For many years, considerable attention has been directed toward the development of photochromic molecules. A large number of photochromic spiroindolines have been reported1" and as a result, the preparation and study of their bichromophoric analogues are of great interest.' This communication describes the synthesis of symmetrical bis-(spiro[ I ,5-a]-indolines) 6a,b containing isolated spiroindoline rings linked with a sulfone group. The starting material, bis-[2,3.3-trimethylindolenin-5-yl]sulfone (3) was obtained by Fischer cyclization reaction of bis-[4-hydrazinophenyI]sulfone ( l I h and methylisopropylketone in one step (Scheme 1 ), the bis-arylhydrazone 2 was not separated but used directly for further cyclization.


We review some of the problems still affecting photoemission as a probe of high-temperature superconductivity, as well as important recent results concerning their solution. We show, in particular, some of the first important results on thin epitaxial films grown by laser ablation, which break the monopoly of cleaved BCSCO in this type of experiments. Such results, obtained on thin LSCO, may have general implications on the theory of high-temperature superconductivity.


Further to the international forum 'Implementation of Donor Screening for Infectious Agents Transmitted by Blood by Nucleic Acid Technology: Update to 2003' ( Vox Sang 2005 88: 289–393), we present here the results from Japan. The Japanese Red Cross Blood Center is the only institute in Japan that deals with blood procurement, processing, testing and delivery in the whole country. In October 1999, it implemented nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) nationwide for hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV utilizing the Roche multiplex primer reagent. The entire process from pooling to real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is fully automated. Because the number of seropositive samples for HBV is so high in Japan, only seronegative samples are pooled, demanding the rapid completion of serological testing at local blood centres. We have so far encountered no cases of cross-contamination between samples. Blood aliquots from all donations are sent to three NAT centres at midnight on the day of blood collection, and the NAT results are reported to all blood centres the following morning or afternoon. No components are released without confirming the NAT results in spite of the situation that platelet concentrates have an expiration time of 72 h after collection. After 7 months using the 500-minipool system, we moved to the 50-pool system in February 2000. In August 2004, we further decreased the pool size to 20 without altering the existing logistics and schedule. The increase in the yield of seronegative but NAT-positive donations was not evident for HIV and HCV as the pool size decreased, but is apparent for HBV, as confirmed by several donations that were 50-poolNAT-negative but 20-pool-NAT-positive for HBV. This would be one of the theoretical bases for the implementation of NAT with a smaller pool size for HBV in a country like Japan where HBV infection is highly endemic. Around 90% of NAT-only positive blood samples are considered to be derived from window-period donations although a relatively high yield of NAT-only positive donations can be partly explained by the lower sensitivity of the HBsAg detection method we use (agglutination) than that of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). As for serological HBV screening, we are currently using a combination of the HBsAg, HBcAb and HBsAb assays. While a donor with a low HBcAb titre is accepted, a donation with a high HBcAb titre is qualified only if its HBsAb titre is sufficiently high to induce a protective effect (> or = 200 m IU/ ml). Although the NAT system is a powerful tool for detecting window-period donations and often detects chronic carriers with a low HBV viral load and fluctuating viraemia, we have experienced a considerable number of minipool–NAT breakthrough cases where HBV infection occurred as a result of the transfusion of minipool–NAT-negative components or even individual donation NAT-negative components.


The idea of making " nanostructures " that comprise just one or a few atoms has great appeal, both as a scientific challenge and for practical reasons. In recent years, scientists have learned various techniques for building nanostructures, but they have only just begun to investigate their properties and potential applications (Scientific American (2002)). In a nanoscale environment, the effects of design parameters on product characteristics usually cannot be known purely from phenomenological models and therefore, nanotechnology design often requires data collection and analysis. There is a lot of superb nanoscience in the literature and in research labs, but there is a gap between it and nanotechnology (Chan (2003)). Often the experimentation used to build up the background of nanoscience, while methodical (e.g., changing one key factor at a time while keeping others constant), is not efficient. Through our interdisciplinary collaborations, we have identified the importance of statistically-based design of experiments (DOE) to the research and development of nanomanufacturing. Drawing from these interactions as well as the literature, this chapter addresses three cases that closely link DOE with the needs of nanomanufacturing. In particular, Section 17.2 focuses on split-plot designs in a nanoscale milling process. Often in practice, due to the physical constraints in the nanomanufacturing process, situations arise when it is impossible to execute a completely randomized experiment and we must resort to a split-plot design. We


ABSTRACT: New apparatuses were developed in the University of Trento to obtain mudflows in steady uniform conditions, in order to permit precise measurements of flow parameters. In a first experimental phase the natural material of the recent mudflow in South of Italy (Sarno, Campania) was employed, in a second phase a well-sorted porphyry material was utilized and in a third experimental phase small amounts of sand were added to the porphyry. Utilizing an ultrasound pulsed Doppler technique, velocity profiles of the steady-uniform mudflows were obtained in any position of the flow field. In particular conditions mudflow takes place in equilibrium with a bed constituted of the same material, showing a typically two-phase behaviour, characteristic of granular materials. The experimental profiles were compared with theoretical profiles for single-phase and double-phase mixtures.


Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the most common causes of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Severe preeclampsia (SPE) can have catastrophic effects if treatment is delayed. Liver is involved in most of the cases of preeclampsia which manifests initially with alterations in the liver function test (LFT) which can be used as an early indicator of the complications in SPE patients. Aims and Objectives: To study the maternal outcome in severe preeclampsia patients in relation to LFT. Material and Methods: All women with diastolic pressure >110 mm of Hg were included in the study considering the exclusion criteria. Patient followed up for the maternal outcome. Results: 48% of total study cases had altered liver function test values. Over all incidence of maternal complications were 31 % and in cases with increased LFT were 50% showing significant difference. Renal parameters were altered in 25% of cases which is the most common complication seen in the study. Other complications were: Altered renal function test 13%, Abruptio placentae 6%, Postpartum hemorrhage(PPH) 6%, Pulmonary edema 4%, Cardiac complication 3%. Maternal mortality was 2% in overall study group. One case died due to cardiopulmonary complication and another due to Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation(DIC) with cerebro-vascular complication. Both cases had raised LFT showing 4.2% maternal mortality in association with raised LFT. Conclusion: Detection of increased LFT in cases of SPE is a special risk category, associated with increased rate of maternal complications, compared to SPE with normal LFT. Such cases need special attention with early detection and referral to higher centre with better facilities of ICU, NICU and better laboratory set up to reduce the complications and mortality.


The article is devoted to the methods of assessing the level of financial security of hotel enterprises. Based on the generalization of research on the methodology of the main approaches to assessing the financial security of enterprises, the authors systematized the advantages of the indicator method: the objectivity of the results based on quantitative assessments of indicators; the ability to quickly monitor negative trends in the enterprise; simplicity of calculations; coverage of various spheres of activity of enterprises; availability of objective information presented in openly published financial statements of enterprises; low time cost and no need for deep special skills for practical application. It is established that the use of the indicator method involves the solution of certain methodological problems, the main of which is the adaptation of normative values of indicators to the specifics of the hotel industry. Given the solution of this problem, the use of the indicator method to assess the level of financial security of hotel enterprises is quite justified and appropriate. Determining the industry characteristics of the hotel industry, which affect the limit values of indicators of the group of financial stability indicators, allowed to offer the use of individual standards for the group of financial stability indicators, namely the coefficient of autonomy, financial leverage, manоeuvrability of equity, current assets and working capital their limit values. For the purpose of practical approbation of the offered technique the comparative analysis of integral indicators of financial stability of the hotel enterprise under classical and author's approaches is carried out. The obtained results prove that the proposed model allows to obtain a more substantiated partial and aggregate integrated assessment of the level of financial security of the hotel enterprise, as it takes into account industry specifics of the hospitality industry, in terms of factors influencing capital structure optimization. The use of the author's approach will help to improve the methodological support of financial security management of the hotel industry.


We present the synthesis of ~250 nm thick K0.5Na0.5NbO3 thin films on platinized silicon substrates from alkoxide-based solutions with the stoichiometric composition and with the 5 or 10 mole % potassium acetate excess. The films crystallized into a pure perovskite phase, but depending on the amount of the alkali excess in solutions, they consisted of ~50 nm or of ~200 nm large grains. The fine-grained film from the solution with the 5 mole % alkali excess had the dielectric permittivity and losses of 610 and 1.5 %, respectively, and exhibited a ferroelectric polarisation–electric field dependence at room temperature.


The invention discloses an image-sensor-based detection system of colloidal gold immunoassay and belongs to the field of the colloidal gold immunoassay. The detection system is as follows: a test strip placing platform for placing a test strip is arranged on a test strip detection platform; an illumination module and an imaging module are arranged above the test strip placing platform of the test strip detection platform; the illumination module consists of an illumination light source and a light homogenization unit arranged below the illumination light source; the illumination light source is a hollow annular light-emitting diode array light source formed by means that a plurality of light-emitting diodes are uniformly formed in an annular array; an image sensor of the imaging module uses a CMOS image sensor and the signal output end of the imaging module is electrically connected with the input end of a data collecting and processing device. The system adopts the annular matrix illumination and is provided with the light homogenization unit so that output light is homogenized and the detection result is accurate; the imaging module adopts the CMOS image sensor, so that the collection speed is high, and the requirement of dynamically tracking and observing the reaction process can be met.


Based on the requirement of dynamic reaction, key technologies for mass customization manufacturing systems, including modularity, flexible layout and material handling systems, and dynamic control strategy, are studied. The application of virtual factory in the design of mass customization manufacturing systems is discussed. A framework for a mass customization assembly line is given as an example.


We describe a quick and robust procedure for establishing likely basic colour terms. We illustrate the procedure with a study of English where the basic colour term inventory is known. The method consists of two tasks: an elicited list task (tell me as many colour terms as you know) and a colour naming task. The list task elicits contenders for the basic colour term slots and the naming task establishes their range of referents. The indicators of the degree of basicness of colour terms converged to confirm that there are eleven basic colour terms in English.


Abstract A study on the meiobenthic nematode assemblages from three Italian Marine Protected Areas (Miramare, Adriatic Sea; Porto Cesareo, Ionian Sea; and Capo Caccia, Western Mediterranean Sea) was carried out at three different depth ranges from the low intertidal to the shallow subtidal. Nematode community composition was analysed at the genus level, and diversity and taxonomic distinctness were studied to detect possible differences among the MPAs and between intertidal and shallow subtidal zones. There were differences in granulometric variables between sampling depths: medium and coarse fractions were often dominant in the sites at the low intertidal and shallow subtidal, while very shallow subtidal sites were characterised by fine and very fine sand. Nematode densities and diversities were generally high in all sampling areas. Nematode communities changed when different depths were compared. This was due to a decrease in deposit-feeding nematodes coupled with a higher abundance of predators and epigrowth feeders with increasing depths, from the low intertidal to the shallow subtidal. The shallow subtidal is characterised by the presence of a stout nematode community (Length/Width ratio <15) dominated by Epsilonematidae (39%), Desmoscolecidae (16%) and Selachinematidae (9%). The high dominance of the epsilonematids is probably due to the occurrence of coarse sediments. Our study also reveals a possible relationship between body proportions and feeding groups. Changes in depth and sand grain size do not seem to cause drastic variations of diversity. Both Δ+ and Λ+ seem to be more sensitive than other diversity indices in discriminating among different sites, as a consequence of different environmental physical features. The concept of isocommunities might explain the similarities found in the three Italian Marine Protected Areas nematode assemblages; in fact, the same dominant families and genera were recorded in geographically spaced sites at similar depth ranges.


The invention discloses a reinforced wood floor, which is formed by piecing a plurality of floor units, wherein two adjacent floor units form a seam at the junction, upper surfaces of the floor units are all provided with wood grain imitating pattern strips, the floor unit is provided, near the seam, with a color strip connected with the wood grain imitating pattern strip, and two color strips at two sides of the same, which are respectively positioned on two floor units, are similar to each other in color, gradual transition of the colors of the color strip and the wood grain imitating pattern strip is achieved at the junction, and the color strip extends in a bending manner along the seam. The reinforced wood floor of the invention is based on Gestalt Theory, i.e. people watch with eyes and brain together, and do not distinguish single constituents of an image in the very beginning but combine the constituents to generate a more understandable unity. With the color strips arranged near the seams of the floor, the effect of attenuating and weakening seams can be obtained, and an integral and harmonious visual effect is created by piecing a plurality of floor units.


Air spring manufactures use constant amplitude tests for the quality validation of air springs. The tests are very simple and the only information we get from them is that a spring is adequate if it passes the test and inadequate if it does not. One of the objectives of this article is to use these tests to make life predictions based on the standardised load spectrum. This prediction is made with force as the damage parameter. The second objective is to determine if it is possible to use experimental results obtained at one control parameter, e.g. force, to make life predictions for another control parameter, e.g. stress. With equations it is proved that such transformation is possible.


An investigation was conducted to study cavitation damage in liquid metal environments of materials under consideration for components of liquid metal power conversion systems. The materials investigated included AISI-316 and 31 8 stainless steels, Sicromo 9M, Inconel 600, A-286, Hastelloy X, L-605, Re&-41, and Stellite 6B. magnetostrictive apparatus was used to perform accelerated cavitation damage tests with liquid sodium at 800' F and mercury at 300' F. Cavitation damage determined by volume loss and surface roughness measurements was used to rank the various materials, and to compare the effects of the different fluids on the degree of damage sustained. Metallographic studies were made to determine the nature of the early stages of cavitation damage. The materials tested in both sodium and mercury ranked in the same order of resistance to cavitation but the degree of to all materials was consistently greater when Surface roughness measurements were found to provide the same ranking of materials as that provided by conventional volume loss measurements. Visual observation of sodium pump impeller blades of three materials operated under cavitating conditions for 250 hours indicated the same ranking of the materials with respect to resistance to cavitation damage that was determined from the accelerated cavitation tests.


Abstract Sharing experiences among teachers is an important part of professional development. Coaching is defined as an ongoing process in which experts engage with practice, with the purpose of continuous improvement. This article will discuss the principles of peer coaching in teacher development, by examining a specific case of peer coaching between two experienced teacher educators. From this analysis, we derive two major concepts as guiding the process of peer coaching: joint deliberation and metapedagogy. These two features are conceptualized using excerpts from the case study and from the literature.


This special issue of Visual Resources presents a discussion on the intersection between architecture and photography, two closely interconnected disciplines whose interplay has evolved significantly over time. Since the invention of photography during the nineteenth century, the control over the visual representation of the built world has been contested between the architect and the photographer. The resulting relationship has moved from an initial reliance on photography in documenting buildings (and thus from its subordinate role to architecture) to a contemporary association in which architects depend on photographic images to convey a message or to legitimize their work. The essays included in this special issue offer a spectrum of different cases and modalities of interaction that cast light on a dynamic and often conflicted connection, proposing a reflection on the complexity and intricacy of the transcription of buildings onto photographic surfaces. Neither an indexical recording of the building nor an equivalent of architectural drawings, photographic representations of artifacts and built spaces reflect varying ideologies and politics, as well as evolving cultural and professional agendas.


Geoelectrical data was acquired using Wenner array over 23 sites with constant electrode separation of 70 m over Chikotra Basin, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra (India). The spatial variation maps of resistivity at depths from 2 to 70 m were plotted using Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) technique for interpolation in ArcGIS 10.5 to obtain a comprehensive subsurface hydrogeological representation of the study area. High resistivity (>140 Ωm) up to 20m depth, indicative of massive basalts is deciphered towards the NE part of the study area, while the NW sector reveal low resistive (up to 40 Ωm) feature at shallow depths due to fractured basalts, thus conducive for groundwater exploration. Alluvium deposits and columnar jointed basalts in the central part depicts as EW trending conductive (< 30 Ωm) feature suggesting prospective groundwater zone. Low resistivity (6-50 Ωm) from shallow to deeper depths (up to 70m), in the southern region can be identified as potential aquifer system. Longitudinal geoelectric cross-sections are generated over four profiles to identify the lateral and vertical variation in geology and groundwater potential zones. The western and central part of the northern profile (A-A') is highly resistive with resistivity of the order of 80-140 Ωm constituting compact basalts and thus devoid of water. Low resistive zone (30 Ωm) in the eastern part suggests groundwater at shallow depths. Low resistivity zones ranging from 10-50 Ωm is observed at different depth levels over the central profile (B-B') which can be tapped for groundwater exploitation. Several sites over profiles C-C' and the southern-most D-D' suggest promising aquifer zones. Because defining prospective groundwater zones in hard rock terrain is difficult, it's crucial to look into a river basin's hydrogeological arrangement early on in the planning process.


The whole process is intuitive and can be completed in under five minutes using a combination of clinical examination and verbal patient questioning. The completed proforma enables the clinician to visualise a concise but comprehensive overview of HS activity and distribution for an individual patient. In addition to the patient reported outcomes, the International Hidradenitis Suppurativa Severity Scoring System1 (IHS4) can be calculated from the data collected. We have found it a very helpful tool in the Newcastle regional HS clinic and think that colleagues may find it useful.


Summary 1.A modification of the colorimetric method for the determination of manganese in biological material was developed whereby the interference of the precipitation of chlorides and phosphates were avoided. 2.Colostrum milk (cows') contains much more manganese than does normal milk, the first sample after parturition being especially high in manganese. 3.Sheep milk is higher in manganese than is cows' or horse milk. 4.The manganese content of sheep milk tends to increase toward the end of lactation. Normal horse milk contains slightly more manganese than does normal cows' milk.


see. Let it never be forgotten that the great architecture of our cathedrals is a lesson in humility as well as in prayer. They were set up in the very contrast to every thought of man's glory or human praise. The greatest is achieved by innumerable acts of self-effacement. The splendour which all see is the result of countless pieces of craftsmanship which no man sees. Again and again you find that detail, decoration, a thought of beauty embodying itself in stone or glass, is set where men do not look for it, where in long centuries no one will praise it. It was set there because no work of man's highest can be great enough to show his humility and love. In our cathedrals the art which made and enriches them, the history which has passed in them, is all consecrated to God. That is why-and not only because. he has a right to architecture as well as music-everyone should be allowed to see them freely. But do not let it be thought that this is to turn a cathedral into a museum. I am quite sure that the services of a good verger-and I have experience of very good ones-as well as of a member of the Chapters, are a real, even a necessary, help to a great number of visitors. To let people wander aimlessly about without any effort to direct them to what is good in art, which is of historic interest or of beauty, is to turn the cathedrals into museums. To teach people what is good in architecture is just as valuable as it is to teach them what is good in music, or painting, or literature. A trained guide is indispensable in a cathedral. But he must be one who has the same devotion to God that the builders had, that the worshippers have, that those who live and work in the cathedrals must all have, if they are not to be unworthy of their place. 7. There is the thorny point of fees. Noone wishes more than I do to throw all open. But experience proves in some cathedrals that irreparable damage is done where there is no control, and treasurers are insistent in some cases that an entire abolition of fees is impossible. The subject cannot be settled in a paper so brief as this. I must be content to ask everyone who can to read the most admirable sections on the subject in the Primary Charge of the Bishop of Peterborough (S.P.C.K.,1921). W. H. HUTTON.


A novel composite has recently been synthesized by in situ carbon dots (CDs) deposited functionalized chitosan (polypyrrole grafted chitosan) with improved photocatalytic activity toward degradation of toxic 2-chloro phenol (2-CP) into small compounds. The CDs has been prepared using waste watermelon seeds. Various advanced characterization techniques have been performed to confirm the development of copolymer and composite. In situ incorporation of CDs on the copolymer not only enhanced the photocatalytic rate but also make the composite system an efficient photocatalyst under solar light irradiation.


SUMMARY We present a numerical study of several finite element discretizations applied to a benchmark problem for the two-dimensional steady state incompressible Navier– Stokes equations defined in Schäfer and Turek (The benchmark problem 'Flow around a cylinder'. In Flow Simulation with High-Performance Computers II. 547–566). The discretizations are compared with respect to the accuracy of the computed benchmark parameters. Higher-order isoparametric finite element discretizations turned out to be by far the most accurate. The discrete systems obtained with higher-order discretizations are solved with a modified coupled multigrid method whose behaviour within the benchmark problem is also studied numerically.


British and American movie industry operates a complete self-censorship mechanism,which originally derived from an official safety control of the show places.Later based on the maintenance of social ethics and the related impact of pressure groups,as well as the threat of official censorship,this self-censorship ultimately formed.The self-censorship mechanism not only guarantees the content safety,but also respects for the law of movie industry's marketization.This can be helpful for making regulation policies of the digital media content in China.


Summary Oolitic ironstones generally mark the top of a regressive, coarsening- and shallowing-upward depositional megasequence. The iron ooids themselves are preferentially formed during sea-level lowstands or in condensed sections. This general model is valid for the Minette iron formation which was deposited in Toarcian and Aalenian times at the north-eastern margin of the Liassic Paris Basin in a near-shore, shallow marine, mostly high-energy environment. The top of the regressive sequence shows intraformational reworking. The Minette, however, is a remarkably thick unit (up to 60 metres), also internally composed of coarsening-up sequences. In many places these sequences represent large-scale subtidal sand waves, elsewhere large subtidal shoals advancing over their distal finer grained facies. Strong tidal currents building up large sand waves are preferentially active during transgressions. For the Minette base level rise events (transgressions) are therefore required at the top of a base level fall sequence (regression). This apparent discrepancy can be resolved when considering the tectonic setting. Reactivation of structures of the underlying Variscian basement led to subsidence events in syndepositionally formed troughs. This model can explain a high aggradational potential and deposition of thick ironstone deposits at the top of a regressive sequence while erosion took place laterally along the same palaeocoastline.


It is now abundantly clear that rapid urbanization is greatly transforming the spatial pattern of urban land use worldwide. Consequently, the resulting losses of urban green space at local to global level are continuously altering urban ecosystems. Recent research on this aspect has stressed on the importance of urban green spaces as well as their losses due to rapid urban growth. The importance of ecosystem services provided by urban green spaces for human well-being is gaining recognition and has been highlighted by most of the recent studies. In this short communication, we discuss the emerging trend of urban green space research and its implications for safeguarding biodiversity in line with the declaration by the United Nations that 2010 to be the International Year of Biodiversity. (Nature and Science 2010;8(7):43-49). (ISSN: 1545-0740).


The turning angle function has been used as a signature
to represent the shape of a given contour with the aim of analysis of
shape and content-based image retrieval. We propose a method
that uses the turning angle function to derive a polygonal model of
the given contour in such a manner as to preserve the important
details in the contour. The preservation of diagnostically significant
features present in the contours of breast masses in mammograms
are important to discriminate between benign masses and malignant
tumors. To evaluate the practical utility of the proposed polygonal
modeling method in terms of the efficiency in the classification of
breast masses, we derive an index of spiculation SIPMTF and a measure
of fractional concavity Fcc from the models obtained and compare
the results with those provided by two methods proposed in
previous related works. The features SIPMTF and Fcc were tested
with a set of 111 contours, of which 65 are related to benign masses
and 46 are related to malignant tumors. High classification accuracies
of 0.93 with SIPMTF and 0.91 with Fcc were obtained, in terms of
the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, with a
data compression of 0.067 on the average.


Spatial recognition ability can be obtained by learning from visual experiments. The author thinks that this ability is to extract correlated information between vision and motion signals. Learning to extract correlated information among multiple inputs can be done without supervisor. The author built a robot with a vision sensor in a computer and it was confirmed that the robot was able to recognize the distance vector of two dimensions from itself to a target object using neural-network without any supervisors.


This brief presents a novel 2.7-V frequency synthesizer for frequency hopping spread spectrum applications. To accomplish fast switching, the frequency synthesizer utilizes a memory access technique to retrieve the precalibrated and digitized tuning voltage values. The phase noise and the frequency accuracy of the frequency synthesizer are analyzed. The channel efficiency, the frequency switching performance, and the output spectral purity are investigated at 2.4 GHz. Measurement shows that the channel switching time is 5 mus. Thus, the proposed synthesizer is promising for frequency hopping wireless communication. The developed architecture is ready to be used for application-specified integrated circuit design


BACKGROUND
Experimental long-term carcinogenicity bioassays conducted on rats and mice proved that ionizing radiation can induce a variety of tumor types. However few studies have been conducted on rats.

METHODS
This report deals with the effects of γ-radiation in groups of 416-1,051 6-weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, or 3 Gy of γ-radiation delivered in a single acute exposure. The experiment lasted for the animals' lifespan and all were necropsied and underwent full histopathological evaluation.

RESULTS
The results confirm the dose-related carcinogenic effects of γ-radiation for several organs and tissues. Moreover they indicate that exposure to 0.1 Gy induces a statistically significant increased incidence in Zymbal gland carcinomas and pancreas islet cell carcinomas in females.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data show that exposure to γ-radiation induces carcinogenic effects at all tested doses.


Aims:  To assess the phenotypic, symbiotic and genotypic diversity scope of Mesorhizobium spp. strains associated with Acacia seyal (Del.) isolated from different agro‐ecological zones in Senegal, and uses of susceptible microbial inoculum in a reafforestation process.


This research aims to analyze, track and formulate the social perspective in Dompu societies that are implied and expressed in text of Nggahi Dana. Arcetype-pragmatic approach was used as the research design emphasizing on content and thematic analysis.  Seven informants were assigned as the key informants.  In addition, observations, interviews and documents analysis were applied to support the data. Three video-tapes obtained from the observation and interviews were transcribed verbatim prior to analysis. The study reveals that identity construction of societies in Dompu was made by culture politics through oligarchy hierarchy since several years ago, that is to obey to the leader and abroad guests, and the text of Nggahi Dana is utilized as the device to doctrine low level societies (slave) by the rulers.


Social media that has many users is Instagram. Instagram is a social media that is often used by individuals and companies to share information, build relationships with clients, and build brands. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Instagram online promotions on purchasing decisions on the @goodstore.magelang account. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative methods with a sample or respondents of 100 people. The results of the data correlation test study between the effectiveness of online promotions and purchase decisions amounted to 1,000 with a significant value of 0,000. Based on this, the relationship between the effectiveness of online promotion and the purchase decision is included in a very strong correlation.


Based on the guidelines of the diagnostic test systematic review,this study elaborated the statistical processing of the pooling of data detailed in the systematic review of diagnostic test,discussed the methods for identification and handling of the heterogeneity,evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of the index of the accuracy in diagnostic tests,and proposed the identification method of the publication bias.It also took the data from the published article entitled "Diagnostic Value of ProGRP and NSE for Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis" as an example for analysis and illustration,which presented clearly the data processing and interpretation of the systematic review of diagnostic test,in order to provide references for clinical researchers to study and conduct the systematic review of diagnostic test.


A design method for waveguide bandpass filters based on nonresonating 'T' junctions is presented. The wideband characteristics of the nonresonating waveguide 'T' junction are fully considered in the design method. As a design example, a four-pole waveguide bandpass filter with about 6% fractional bandwidth has been designed and fabricated. The measured results agree well with the calculated results and it shows good in-band equal ripple performance and sharp rejection performance.


The IT sector has traditionally shown gender gaps in the labor market, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted this issue. As more people have been forced to adopt remote work arrangements, there is potential for this disruption to have a positive impact on future work arrangements. Drawing on existing research on remote work environments, we discuss the effects of the pandemic on IT jobs and how women experienced these changes. This new era of telework may present an opportunity to recruit more women into the sector and address the gender disparities that have long existed.


The sewage system is the mechanism for efficiently dumping sewage from buildings and other locations. Sewage is collected using various components such as drains, manholes, pumping stations, and sanitary sewers. In cities, sewage is transported separately in sanitary sewers, while street runoff is managed by storm drains. In cities, the sewage system is accessible by a manhole. Due to high precipitation seasons, sewage is discharged straight into receiving waterways, posing a concern to public health. To decrease human labour and fatalities, a robot is deployed to remove blocked garbage from the canal and warns crew members if the container used for waste collection becomes totally full. To maintain the environment clean, the sewage canals should be monitored by performing live data comparison.


exceedingly common in paralytic legs due to either stroke or spinal cord injury. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is often difficult in these patients because of the lack of subjective symptoms as a result of the loss of neurologic function. Consequently, diagnosis is often delayed until patients present with late thromboembolic phenomena. Obviously, loss of muscle tone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of venous thrombosis. This is confirmed by a recent analysis by Landefeld and colleagues.' In that report, they identified recent immobility as one of the 5 major independent clinical correlates ofproximal deep vein thrombosis. In recent years, several noninvasive tests have been applied to detect deep vein thrombosis in these patients. This presentation aims to review the evaluation and assessment process in patients suspected of having deep vein thrombosis. It must be emphasized that the objective of using noninvasive tests is not to replace the standard diagnostic test but to develop a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for these patients.


This paper presents a method for endoscopic image retrieval based on color–texture correlogram and Generalized Tversky's Index (GTI) model. First we define a new image feature named color–texture correlogram, which is the extension of color correlogram. The texture image extracted by texture spectrum algorithm is combined with color feature vector, and then we calculate the spatial correlation of color–texture feature vector. Similarity metric is also the key technology during domain of image retrieval, GTI model is used in medical image retrieval for similarity metric, and the technique of relevance feedback is used in the algorithm to enhance the efficiency of retrieval. Experimental results show that the method discussed in this paper is much more effective.


The present invention was to limit the number of parts visible, a very simple intuitive use, cosmetic, proposes a dispenser for dispensing a health or dispensing material. An as access to the movable sub-assembly head is impossible, comprising a tubular sleeve for accommodating the entire movable subassembly (12) in the storage position (14), a cosmetic, cleaning or pharmaceutical formulations dispenser for (10). Locking mechanism (16) is movable subassembly (12) in a stored position, prevents outward movement of relative to the sleeve. Movable user, the direction of the outward in the opposite direction and push the head in the axial direction, the locking mechanism, the head being biased at least the sleeve to a position projecting outwardly outwardly by a spring (70) to release the sub-assembly. .FIELD 1


A competition experiment was carried out in a natural population of Daphnia magna by introducing individuals from a laboratory grown clone into the population. This experiment tested the hypothesis that the high degree of genetic divergence observed in Daphnia populations would at least partly be maintained by competitive interactions which prevent a new clone from becoming an established member of the population. The introduced clone proved to be inferior in the competition, and in only a few weeks the original clones outcompeted the new clone to a low frequency. Accordingly, the genetic composition of the population recovered from the artifical disturbance. D. magna populations seem to inhabit contrasting habitats with unique selection pressures, which leads to population differentiation. In general, habitat discontinuity and restricted gene flow together with interference competition among conspecific genotypes confer an excellent opportunity for genetic divergence among populations.