Cell cannibalism is an emerging indicator of both the anaplastic grade and invasiveness. It is especially valuable as it eventually helps in assessing tumor behavior. Sixty two cytologically diagnosed (FNAC) cases of breast malignancies were assessed for the presence of cell cannibalism. The results were correlated with the grade/differentiation of malignancy. The study revealed that cell cannibalism was encountered in 67.74% cases of breast carcinoma. Fifty percent of grade I, 65% of grade II and 100% of grade III tumors grade and mean cannibalism per smear, it was observed that grade I tumors had a mean of 1.66/ smear, grade II a mean of 2.23/ smear and grade III a mean of 3.40/ smear. Tumor diathesis and metastasis were also found more in cannibalism positive cases. Finally, a conclusion was drawn that cell cannibalism was encountered more in high grade tumors. Thus it can be regarded as a marker of anaplasia and aggressive tumor behavior, however, a large number a large number of cases should be studied to give a definite opinion regarding this issue.


"Wordle" is a word guessing game with very simple gameplay and operation, updated once a day, and the player's only goal is to guess a five-letter word within six attempts. For Wordle, this paper uses a daily result file generated by MCM from January 7, 2022 to December 31, 2022, and attempts to build a model to analyze it. First, in order to model the daily change in the number reported by "Wordle", this paper attempts to use the ARIMA model in the time series forecasting model to predict future values based on past observations, provide prediction uncertainty estimates, and use model residuals for model evaluation. It also analyzes whether any attribute of the word affects the percentage of players who participate in Hardmode as a percentage of the reported number and gives proof of conclusion. Secondly, the random forest model is used to reasonably predict the percentage of attempts, and the relevant percentages of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and X on a certain date are predicted based on the actual situation, so as to explore the uncertainties of the model and the validity of the prediction results, and predict the data of the word "EERIE" on March 1, 2023 according to the established model. Finally, a classification model based on the difficulty of the words in the day is constructed, and the difficulty level of the word "EERIE" is evaluated according to the established classification model, the relevant percentage data are descriptively analyzed, the trend of each percentage changes with time is explored, and the attribute characteristics of the words are statistically analyzed.


We study how the performance and utility of high-bandwidth, energy-efficient communication networks can be improved by enabling programmability and user-defined tunability in the optical front-ends using silicon photonics. Summary of a Project Outcomes report of research funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Project Number 1525090 (Year 1).


Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the sap of the leaves. The main objectives of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity for both sap and leaves extracts of A. vera using different extraction methods. Aloe vera sap and leaves extracts were investigated using agar-well diffusion technique with different concentrations. Both types of extract revealed antimicrobial inhibitory effect ranged from pronounced, intermediate, and low. The sap extract showed more effective than the leaves extract against all test microorganisms. The highest mean diameter of zone (MDIZ) showed with sap water extract (100 μg/ml) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis (47 mm). While the lowest one showed with sap and leaves saponins (100 μg/ml) against all test microorganisms (12 – 14 mm) with exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus whom showed resist (0.0 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed ≤ 6.25 μg/ml for almost all test microorganisms and different types of extracts except acetone extract from leaves which exhibited MIC≥ 50 μg/ml. The present study concludes that the A. vera sap and leaves could be used as medicinal plant with further investigation to determine its toxicity and side effects if any.


The Northeast Greenland Shelf is one of many marine arctic areas with potential for significant hydrocarbon accumulations. However, to date, multichannel seismic data are missing north of 73 degrees due to Arctic pack-ice which usually covers the Northeast Greenland Shelf. Seismic data have become a prerequisite to drilling, particularly in expensive arctic areas. Noise due to operations on pack-ice can limit successful seismic acquisition. Hence, seismic acquisition feasibility can be the critical factor limiting future arctic oil exploration. The object of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of various concepts for acquiring multichannel seismic data from 73 to 80 degrees north in water depths less than 500 metres. These concepts include ice-reinforced seismic ships, submarine seismic, acquisition from floating ice, and land-fast-ice acquisition. This report concludes that it is feasible to acquire multichannel seismic data over Greenland's Northeast Continental Shelf north of 73 degrees.


Cervical cancer is the most common tumour among Thai women. The primary cause of cervical cancer is Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The preventive measure currently used for a control of cervical cancer is called Pap smear screening, which is considered secondary prevention. However, primary prevention using the HPV vaccine is highly recommended for cervical cancer prevention. This descriptive research was conducted to examine the knowledge in relation to cervical carcinoma, HPV, and the prophylactic HPV vaccine. In addition, attitudes and intention towards receiving the prophylactic HPV vaccine for women's daughters were also studied. A representative sample in the study was women who attended the gynecological service at the Out Patient Department (the OPD group), including women with abnormal Pap smear results and women with cervical cancer (the abnormal Pap group) who were treated at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. This study was carried out under the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University. The data were collected between April and August, 2007 and analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and chi-square test. The findings showed that both groups of the women had quite low appreciation in some aspects regarding causal factors and risk factors of cervical carcinoma, prevention of HPV infection, and side effects of the prophylactic HPV vaccine. When categorized according to their levels of education, it was found that there were statistically significant differences in terms of knowledge in some items regarding causal factors and risk factors of cervical carcinoma and side effects of the prophylactic HPV vaccine. Women with the abnormal Pap group had statistically significant better attitudes and more intention to have their daughters receive HPV vaccine than those in the OPD group. Based on the study, the women should be encouraged to be more informed. Furthermore, the secondary cervical cancer prevention by Pap smear screening should be sufficiently facilitated by the government. In addition, the primary cervical cancer prevention should be promoted by improving good attitudes about the prophylactic HPV vaccine. Key words: Thai women, knowledge, attitudes, intentions, cervical carcinoma, Human Papillomavirus  Vaccine


This book of compelling photos and autobiographical stories from more than forty teenage girls who participated weekly in a two-year focus group provides validation, support and vision for girls facing the transition to womanhood. By sharing themselves intimately on topics ranging from bulimia to drugs, and from pregnancy through suicide, these young women explore the process of discovery, healing, and self-esteem; they are accompanied by interviews with accomplished women mentors -- including Michele Akers, Maya Angelou, Riane Eisler, and the Indigo Girls.


The autonomic nervous system is always a dreaded, but critical lecture for medical and health professional students, due to its seemingly complex pathways and convoluted delivery. In the context of our current technology‐centric student culture, we need new ways to deliver information effectively and succinctly to students and professionals alike without over‐simplifying content. We developed a video that creates an easy to follow schematic of the sympathetic nervous system. However, in attempt to address the diversity of student learning styles, we expanded upon our original audiovisual approach to a multi‐method design. Videos are a passive activity, but the best learning outcomes seem to derive from incorporating a myriad of learning strategies. Therefore in addition to the video we included a printable outline of the drawings to allow students to actively follow along as they listen to the video. This makes it a visual, auditory and kinetic learning experience, which we believe will improve students' comprehension and retention. Data on its efficacy and reception will be collected both qualitatively and quantitatively in the next few months. This will be achieved through the distribution of pre and post‐viewing surveys, assessing students' confidence as well as quantitative quizzes that will test changes in subject comprehension. The first video will represent our pilot project to establish a video series starting with autonomics and then addressing other difficult concepts in anatomy at the medical professional education level.


In order to obtain mixed and space efficient use of mass memory units having different form factors into a single package, a specially configured connector plane module is provided. The connector plane module includes three identical, aligned, connector plane connectors arranged in a new configuration. Two spaced apart connector plane connectors are disposed in the same orientation with one another; but the third connector plane connector is spaced apart from and disposed in 180° orientation with respect to the second connector. With this configurtion, two mass memory storage units having a first form factor or three mass memory storage units of a second, smaller, form factor may be coupled to the connector plane to occupy substantially the same space, one mass memory unit in each case being oriented at 180° with respect to the one or two other mass memory units.


Trends in Self-reported and Biochemically Tested Marijuana Use Among Pregnant Females in California From 2009-2016 Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug during pregnancy, and its use is increasing. From 2002 to 2014, the prevalence of self-reported, past-month marijuana use among US adult pregnant women increased from 2.4% to 3.9%.1 In aggregated 2002-2012 data, 14.6% of US pregnant adolescents reported past-month use.2 However, studies are limited to self-reported surveys and likely underestimate use due to social desirability bias and underreporting, leaving the scope of the problem unclear. We investigated trends of prenatal marijuana use from 2009-2016 using data from a large California health care system with universal screening via self-report and urine toxicology.


Rekha Rao has a MBA in Human Resources and a Diploma from Indian Society for Training & Development. Rekha manages employee engagement, internal communication and OD interventions. She is currently working as Senior Manager, Human Resources at Fortis Healthcare. With over 14 years of experience in service and healthcare sector, she is also Fortis performance management process champion and culture ambassador. She was awarded ISTD Best Student (2010-11). Her passion lies in the areas of employee engagement & service quality, and she is currently pursuing her Doctorate studies on these topics.


The agricultural production usually relies on the irrigation systems in the southern part of Xinjiang.The long-term irrigation results in the seriously secondary salinization of land in the Shajingzi region,affecting the agricultural economic development.The traditional method of washing alkali and salt is effective,but it consumes a lot of water and easily causes the accumulation of soil salinity.The soil salinity content becomes very high when washing alkali and salt is unavailable,resulting in difficulty to restore vegetation cover,and further becoming the resource of sand storm.In this study,the tolerance salt grasses(Agropyron elongatum and Puccinellia tenuiflora)were selected to control stalinization by absorbing soil salinity and improving the soil structure.The results of this study showed that planting A.elongatum and P.tenuiflora in the saline-alkali land reduced the soil salinity content in 0~60 cm layer,lowered the water table,increased the vegetation cover,and harvested the herbage biomass.This study suggested that planting tolerance salt grasses was an effective way to promote the ecological restoration and reconstruction in the oasis regions.


This article examines the role of gender in the culture of conjunto music, a Mexican American musical genre. It describes how gender is articulated with factors of ethnicity and class in the context of the conjunto setting and performance. The authors examine the structure of gender relations, socialization, and resistance, and they attempt to identify the effects within patriarchy on the forms of adaptation and power available to women in conjunto settings. Conjunto is an arena in which conventional gender identity and gender inequality are reproduced, reinforced, and contested.


T he greatest challenge of brain research for educators does not lie in understanding the ana tomical intricacies of brain functioning but in comprehending the vastness, complexity, and potential of the hu man brain. What we are beginning to discover about the role of emotions, stress, and threat in learning and about memory systems and motivation is challenging basic assumptions about traditional education. Fully under stood, this information requires a ma jor shift in our definitions of testing and grading and in the organizational structure of classrooms and schools.


SGA fetuses are a heterogeneous group comprising fetuses that have failed to achieve their growth potential (fetal growth restriction, FGR) and fetuses that are constitutionally small. Approximately 50–70% of fetuses with a birthweight below tenth centile for gestational age are constitutionally small, and the lower the centile for defining SGA, the higher the likelihood of FGR. On the other hand, a fetus with growth restriction may not be SGA.


Purpose : To analyze head tilt and facial asymmetry in congenital muscular torticollis. Materials and Methods : The 37 cases (mean age: 8.5 years) of congenital muscular torticollis [23 operative cases (14 bipolar release, 9 unipolar release) and 14 non-operative cases] were reviewed. Measurements included: head tilt, horizontal facial asymmetry angle, midfacial asymmetry angle on photographs; craniovertical angle, orbital plane-cranial horizontal line angle on cephalograms; and the angle between two reference lines connecting the mastoid processes and the spinous processes on C-spine radiographs. Results : The results in both operative/non-operative groups were measured as follows: mean head tilt of , mean horizontal facial asymmetry angle of , mean midfacial asymmetry angle of on photographs; mean head tilt of on Cspineradiographs; mean craniovertical angle of , mean orbital plane-cranial horizontal line angle of on cephalograms. Conclusion : The facial asymmetry in congenital muscular torticollis become more severe with increased age at treatment and with a more severe head tilt. Horizontal facial asymmetry around the orbits is more distinctive than midfacial asymmetry in torticollis-related facial asymmetry.


This article unifies the application undergraduate course colleges and universities Fujian engineering college personnel training pattern the construction,proposed take teaches the knowledge as the foundation,take raises ability as the core,take forms the quality as the goal,trains the student "the academic society personhood, the academic society works,the academic society develops" fundamentally for constructs the undergraduate course project application talented person's quality,ability,the knowledge structure.


Lexicalised concepts are represented in wordnets by word-sense pairs. The strength of markedness is one of the factors which influence word use. Stylistically unmarked words are largely contextneutral. Technical terms, obsolete words, "officialese", slangs, obscenities and so on are all marked, often strongly, and that limits their use considerably. We discuss the position of register and markedness in wordnets with respect to semantic relations, and we list typical values of register. We illustrate the discussion with the system of registers in plWordNet, the largest Polish wordnet. We present a decision tree for the assignment of marking labels, and examine the consistency of the editing decisions based on that tree.


Study Design: Retrospective study Objectives: This study examined the effect of a TLSO brace treatment for the correction of axial rotational deformities in idiopathic scoliosis. Summary of Literature Review: A TLSO brace treatment is effective in correcting 2-dimensional deformities of idiopathic scoliosis but is questionable in axial rotational deformities. Materials and Methods: Fifty three cases treated by bracing in March, 1999~February, 2005 at our department were reviewed. The posteroanterior and lateral radiographs were checked in the standing position throughout the study. The change in axial rotational deformity were analyzed using Nash & Moe method and Perdriolle's method. Results: The rotational deformity had improved in 2 curves, was aggravated in 8 curves, and showed no change in 43 curves with the TLSO brace. Conclusions: The TLSO brace treatment in axial rotational deformity of idiopathic scoliosis is not effective in correcting the rotational deformity but is effective in preventing the progress of a rotational deformity.


Abstract : This report attempts to assess the present and future condition of Saudi Arabia in terms of changes in elite groups in Saudi politics. The report suggests that the capacity of the regime to react and persist in the face of change may be limited. These problems may be reduced through dependence on an external guarantor - the U.S; but the report indicates that this approach is in itself fraught with a different set of complexities which may prove to be excessively challenging for the regime. (Author)


Selective operation schedule in surgical system in a general hospital in a certain time were selected to have a root causes analysis.The causes of stop operation could be divided into controllable and uncontrollable. Measures according to controllable causes were presented and implemented. Stop operation management in hospital department was strengthened and effectively decreased stop operation rate. The communication between hospital and patient, clinical department and anesthesia department were improved, which has effectively avoided controllable cause caused stop operation and decreased hospital ad patient medical dispute.


The issue of morphological uncertainty is broadly tended to in the cutting edge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). For the most part, vagueness is settled with the utilization of substantial physically explained corpora and machine learning. Be that as it may, such strategies do not generally accessible, as great preparing information is not available for all dialects. In this paper, we introduce a technique for disambiguation without highest quality level corpora utilizing a few factual models, to be specific, Braille Translation Algorithms and unambiguous N-grams from the naturally explained corpus. Every one of the strategies was tried on the Corpus of Glosbe and on the Corpus of Dewan Bahasa Pustaka (DBP). Therefore, more than a half of words with uncertain examinations were disambiguated in the two corpora, exhibiting high exactness. Our technique for morphological disambiguation shows that it is conceivable to dispose of a portion of the uncertain examinations in the corpus without particular phonetic assets, just with the utilization of crude information, where all conceivable morphological investigations for each word are shown.


Correspondence, photographs, creative writings, printed material, scrapbooks, personal belongings and ephemera relating to the life and career of aviator Amelia Earhart. Quantity: 16.5 cubic ft. Repository: Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries Acquisition: Gifts from George Palmer Putnam (Amelia Earhart's husband), 1940; and Sally Putnam Chapman (George Putnam's granddaughter), 2002 Preferred Citation: The George Palmer Putnam Collection of Amelia Earhart Papers, Archives and Special Collections, Purdue University Libraries Processed by: Sammie Morris, May 2004


This paper was written as part of a larger project, co-ordinated by Michael Trebilcock, concerned with the problem of middle income access to justice at large. The paper looks at ways of recasting substantive laws with a view to preventing disputes from arising in the first place. The paper's immediate focus is on consumer credit law, but the larger aim is to draw attention to the possibilities for dispute avoidance across the board.


Italian mafias are present in Europe but howmuch we actually know about their presence is the great unknown. Experiences in the north of Italy, Germany, Canada, the USA, and Australia, among others, would suggest that they are criminal organizations that are highly flexible, adaptable, violent, and profit-driven. Perhaps Sciarrone's recent edited volume, Mafie del Nord, Strategie criminali e contesti locali might enlighten us and help us understand what they are doing abroad. Rocco Sciarrone, Professor of Sociology at the University of Turin, has once again coordinated an impressive research project on Italian mafias. This time his team focuses on the manifestations of Italian mafias out of their territory of origin, specifically in the non-traditional mafia regions of central-northern Italy (Lazio, Lombardy, Piedmont, Liguria, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, and Venetia). It was a real pleasure to read this book, which I would recommend to anyone interested in Italian mafias, but a warning: it tells a good story presenting some high quality empirical research within a sophisticated and solid theoretical framework. The last fifteen years have witnessed a vibrant production of academic research and practitioner interest on the question of criminal mobility (see Morselli, Turcotte, and Tenti 2011) and, in particular, the movement of Italian mafias around Italy, Europe, and the world. From Varese's 'property rights' theory of Mafia emergence (2011) and Campana's 'functional diversification' theory (2011) to TRANSCRIME's report and maps of 'Italian Mafias' investments in Europe' (2013), the Osservatorio sulla Criminalità Organizzata's trimestral reports on 'the Mafias' presence in the North of Italy' (2014) and Europol's Italian Organised Crime Threat Assessment (2013), there now exists an abundance of theoretical explanations and awareness of the Italian mafias in Italy and how they move to the north of the country and Europe. But are we any the wiser? For a long time, it was automatically assumed that Italian mafias were 'territorial animals' and that they would have great difficulty and no interest in moving away from their home territory, as this was their main source of power, income, and recognition. However, recent evidence has proved that Mafias are more than territorial; they are also 'extra territorial' because they are also interested in other territories but for different reasons. Indeed, if you think about it, and as one Antimafia judge rightly pointed out, 'it is not surprising that the 'Ndrangheta moves elsewhere, to non-traditional territories, because in Calabria, there is very little for them and few opportunities to make serious money' (Interview, Antimafia Judge, DDA, Procura di Napoli, Naples, December 2014). In his 1998 book Mafie Vecchie, Mafie Nuove, radicamento ed espansione (Rome: Donzelli), Sciarrone was one of the first researchers to ask the question: why and how do mafias move out of their territory of origin? He sought to understand the mechanisms of reproduction of mafia groups in specific contexts to see whether there were patterns, similarities, and differences. For this he compared the Calabrian 'Ndrangheta's presence in three different contexts: (1) in Piana di Gioia Tauro in Calabria (a traditional mafia territory); (2) in Puglia (a bordering region with a recent mafia history); and (3) in Piedmont (a distant region and non-mafia territory). His theoretical framework is based on the notion of 'social capital', whereby a mafia boss is a boss thanks to the social capital he has outside of his criminal group: 'the mafia's power is also a result of its capacity to network' (p. 47). The social capital lens is the Book reviews


Suitability of temperate and tropical crossbred dairy cattle under peri-urban production system was investigated.The study was conducted during a period from April, 2010 to March, 2013 in peri-urban dairy production system of Mymensingh district. The available dairy crossbred genotypes were 50% Holstein Friesian(HF) , 62.5% HF (5/8HF), 75% HF (3/4HF).A total of 103 households, possessing 358 lactating cows were selected where two different management environments were applied: (i) Intervention (E1) group and (ii) Non-intervention (E2) group. There were a total of 158 cows registered from 58 households in E1 and a total of 200 non-registered cows from 145 households in E2. Average daily milk yield was 8.11±0.24 kg, it is higher in 62.5% HF genotype (8.60±0.41 kg) compared to 50% HF(8.32±0.42 kg) and 75% HF (7.42±0.42 kg). However, the intervention group (E1) was more efficient with an average of 9.85 ±0.39 than non intervention group (E2) with6.38±0.28 kg. The highest milk yield in 180 days was found (1550±74 kg) at 62.5 % HF and lowest (1339±76) at 75% HF genotype. Against, G×E interaction effects were not significant on total milk yield (TMY) and daily milk yield though effect of environment was highly significant (P


Objective:We discusss the effect of Tongxie Yaofang decoction on Cajal cells in a rat model of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(D-IBS) through research the expression of C-kit about intestinal cells of Cajal(ICC) in the intestine of rat with D-IBS as well as through invesatigate the distribution and variation of ICC and the role of ICC in the pathophysiology of D-IBS.Methods: Thirsty-six Wistar mouse were randomly divided into three groups,such as:groupl(normal group),group 2(blank group),group 3(tradition Chinese medicine group).The diarrhea-predominate IBS model was made by Fanxieye and bondage stress stimulus.Normal group and blank group received a daily intragastric administration of 0.9%NaCl,while the other group received a daily intragastric administration of Tongxie Yaofang decoction.The ultrastructure of intetinal cells of Cajal was detected with transmission electron microscope.Immunehistochemistry stain was used to assay the square and expression of C-kit cells.Results:Compared with the normal group,the square and expression of C-kit cells are on the increase in a rat model of D-IBS.After treated with Tongxie yaofang decoction,the chgnges of C-kit cells is not distinct.There is no significant difference between blank group and TCM group.Conclusions:The increment of ICC in a rat model of D-IBS maybe is a cause of D-IBS.Tongxie yaofang decoction is no effect on ICC.


The contemporary mode in medical science is to analyze the basic underlying mechanisms for disease. In hematology, many investigators may be said to be "right on" in such areas as sickle cell disease, immune hemolysis, or the anemia of renal disease. However, for many physicians these new data are barely comprehensible and very difficult to incorporate as working knowledge relevant to patients. In the revised edition of The Red Cell , Drs. Harris and Kellermeyer clearly unfold the accumulating evidence and develop our present concepts of red cell disease. From the common disorders such as iron deficiency and hemoglobin variants to uncommon diseases of the red cell membrane or porphyrin synthesis, each aberration of red cell synthesis, metabolism, and destruction is thoroughly and equitably examined. Clinical descriptions are used primarily as a framework for understanding the molecular and physiologic mechanisms underneath. A massive bibliography enables the inquisitive to poke further into


Exposure to outside views creates opportunities to distract and experience feelings of relaxation. To explore the relationship between the environmental qualities of the views with such psychological states, 89 participants from seven Mexican states evaluated the views they contemplated during the confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Items on fascination, cognitive well-being, and how relaxing and helpful the views were to withstand the confinement were answered. Participants took photographs of the views, which were evaluated according to 41 environmental dimensions, considering the built elements, vegetation, and visibility. Based on these dimensions, a classification of the views into categories was realized with multidimensional scaling. The five categories obtained were (a) immersive views of extensive landscapes with vegetation, (b) non-immersive views of landscapes with vegetation, (c) views of courtyards with vegetation, (d) views of commonplace scenes, and (e) views of mostly built elements. The categories generating the highest and lowest relaxation, fascination, and cognitive well-being were identified. The views of extensive landscapes with vegetation and the views of courtyards were the categories presenting the most favorable psychological effects. Furthermore, a partial correlation network found direct relations between the environmental and psychological dimensions. Fascination relates to the observation of distant elements, mountains, and trees. Meanwhile, relaxation correlates with the presence of plants and anticorrelates with car visibility, the quantity of the windows of the visible buildings, and the variety of built elements. Relaxation was the psychological state with the highest direct relation with the environmental dimensions. Meanwhile, the perceived immersion (the feeling of being outdoors), the quantity of plants, and the attractiveness of the built elements were the environmental aspects most directly related to the psychological dimensions. The multiplicity of environmental and architectural qualities considered allowed specific implications for architecture to be obtained. An integrated configuration of the natural and the built elements, and a limited quantity and variation of the built elements were qualities that generated positive outcomes in the observers of the views.


Eddy current, magnetic leak, magnetic particle and ultrasonic test are the main methods used for pumping rod test. Every method has its own virtues, defects and suitable range. Magnetic particle testing is highly sensitive and displays directly the flaw, but the level of its automation is lower than other methods, the flaw should be eye observed when testing. As a rule, the magnetic particle test is usually used together with eddy current and magnetic leak tests. The article narrates circuit work principle, the composition, characteristics of the structure, major parameter and suitable range of the magnetic particle flaw detector. The detector is able to inspect minute flaw. 


This article is about the five arts and it's premises. The invention of the syllogism or the systematic treatment of law inference is important. The theory of syllogism is expressed in The Prior Analytics. Scientific method is considered The Posterior Analytics. Dialectic is discussed in Topics. Rhetoric is examined in The Rhetoric. Sophistry is investigated in The Sophistical Refutations. Poetics is considered in Poetics. The last five comprise the five arts of the applied syllogism. Method of The Posterior Analytics is called burhan, dialectic is called jadal, rhetoric is called khitaba, and Sophistry is called mugalâta, poetics is called shi'r. The proposition of these five arts: Yaqiniyat, mashhurat, maqbulat, musallamat, mushabbihat, wahmiyyat, muhayyilat and maznunat. These arts and it's proposition is useful for philosophical thinking. Therefore these concepts must be particularly investigated.


The increasing demands for usable interactive systems in the context of limited project budgets bring in front the need for faster and cheaper evaluation methods. Heuristic evaluation is a kind of inspection method that proved to be cost effective. Typically, the method involves a small number of evaluators that are testing the interactive system against a set of usability principles called heuristics. A way to increase the efficiency of usability evaluation methods is to provide evaluators with software tools able to assist in documenting and recording of usability problems. This paper presents a software assistant for usability evaluation which provides with various facilities to conduct heuristic evaluation: definition of the tasks set, specification of heuristics used, and documenting of usability problems. In order to support the specific requirements of a target application domain a set of usability guidelines could be specified that are detailing the heuristic set. These guidelines could be consulted during usability problem identification and specification. This way, a broader range of evaluator preferences and requirements could


Tissue expression in viral infection of immunological effector molecules may depend on virus structure or replication or both. We analyzed cytokine mRNA expression in the central nervous system (CNS) of Balb/c mice during viral infection with Semliki Forest virus (SFV) clones, which varied either in structure or virulence or both. Highly neurovirulent SFV4 effectively induced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and TGF-beta, but its avirulent derivative V4-opal with nsP3 arginine-476 to opal mutation, elicited only weak induction of these cytokines. Structurally different, avirulent rA774, obtained by cloning from avirulent SFV A7(74) strain, did not induce synthesis of proinflammatory Th1 or Th2 cytokines in murine CNS, but increased synthesis of TGF-beta transcripts. In contrast, structurally identical but moderately virulent rA774-arg virus with sense codon at opal position in nsP3, markedly stimulated synthesis of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 transcripts, without, however, reaching the levels elicited by lethal SFV4. The rA774-arg clone was more potent in attracting peripheral immune cells into the CNS than the completely avirulent strains. In conclusion, induction of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in the CNS by SFV infection seemed to correlate with the rate of viral replication and was not significantly influenced by the virus envelope or nonstructural protein primary structure. The results also have relevance for development of CNS gene therapy vectors as SFV4 and A774 display differences in CNS infection characteristics.


Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICYT) which supports the J.C. PhD grant no 21181445; Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) with partial funding from the Project DIUFRO PIA 19-0001 lead by C.S.; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit), COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006684) and the BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004)


A voltammetric method for the determination of pendimethalin in apple,potato,and tomato samples was developed.The electrochemical behavior and parameters of pendimethalin at a hanging mercury drop electrode were investigated and evaluated.The reduction peak current is proportional to the concentration in the range of 0.01-0.16 mg/L,and the detection limit is 9.1 μg/L.


Objectives:  'Parasports' comprise parachuting, skydiving, paragliding, parapenting, parascending, parasailing and hang‐gliding, and may involve rapid deceleration on landing. The aims of this study were to determine the spectrum of parasport‐related trauma presenting to Auckland City Hospital and to make recommendations to reduce further injury.


Protective guidance for biota in the U.S. Department of Energy's Graded Approach for Evaluating Radiation Doses to Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota is based on population level protection guides of 10 or 1 mGy.d-1, respectively. Several "ecologically significant units" of Pacific salmon are listed under the Endangered Species Act. The Middle Columbia Steelhead unit is endangered and the adult steelhead spawn in the reach. The reach also supports one of the largest spawning populations of fall chinook salmon in the Northwest. The existence of the major spawning areas in the Hanford Reach has focused considerable attention on their ecological health by the U.S. Department of Energy, other federal and state regulatory agencies, and special interest groups. Dose assessments for developing salmonid embryos were performed for the hypothetical exposure to tritium, strontium-90, technetium-99, iodine-129, and uranium isotopes at specific sites on the Hanford Reach. These early life stages are potentially exposed in some areas of the Hanford Reach to radiological contaminants that enter the river via shoreline seeps and upwelling through the river substrate. At the screening level, one site approached the dose guideline of 10 mGy.d-1 established with the RAD-BCG methodology and exceeded a precautionary benchmark of 2.5 mGy.d-1. Special statusmore » of listed species affords these populations more consideration when assessing potential impacts of exposure to radionuclides and other contaminants associated with the Hanford Site operations. The evolution of dose benchmarks for aquatic organisms and consideration of precautionary principal and cumulative impacts are discussed in this paper.« less


This essay begins at the end, with the question that brings Hasegawa Junko's (b. 1966) novel Kodoku no ii nari (Prisoner of solitude) to a close: "Hey, wanna have some fun?"1 The novel's protagonist, Mayuko, who is not yet adjusted to her life as a streetwalker, chooses an unlikely interlocutor. With a hunched back and bird-like face, he does not fit the profile of a typical john. But there on the street, she is inexplicably drawn to him. The man seems burdened by loneliness, the narrator explains, just like Mayuko. So she calls out to him. But the novel ends before he can respond, a fitting conclusion to a narrative concerned with the ways in which Mayuko has been betrayed by intimacy's empty promises. This essay is concerned with Mayuko's story, and the critique of gendered institutions of intimacy that is embedded in her descent from being a woman who aspires to love and affection to one who has settled for picking up men on the street. Rather than exploring the possibilities of streetwalking as a vehicle for female and feminist agency, Hasegawa uses Mayuko's turn to the street to ask why some women feel worthless without men, why women's bodies continue to be of critical social importance. Mayuko does not find streetwalking exhilarating or empowering. Instead, it is an expression of her powerlessness and invisibility: only by reducing herself to a body is she able to draw the attention of men who otherwise have no interest in her. Thus Hasegawa interrogates the instability of emotional intimacy and human connection in the face of sex with no strings attached.


ck (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this :::::: '398 Assions to 359: patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,267,938 B2 * 9/2007 Anderson et al. ................. 435/4 U.S.C. 154(b) by 337 days. 7,670,556 B2 * 3/2010 Cornet al. ......... ... 422.68.1 7,835,013 B2 * 1 1/2010 Jones et al. ................... 356/517 7.887.508 B2 * 2/2011 Meng et al. ................... 604/114 (21) Appl. No.: 13/330,681 8,088,615 B2 * 1/2012 Ausserre ........ 435/287.2 8,124,029 B2 * 2/2012 Polwart et al. ................ 422/5O2 (22) Filed: Dec. 20, 2011 8,308,686 B2 * 1 1/2012 Meng et al. ... ... 604/114 2011/0015512 A1 1/2011 Panet al. ...................... 600,399 65 Prior Publication Dat (65) O DO * cited by examiner US 2013/OO55819 A1 Mar. 7, 2013 Primary Examiner — Lisa Caputo Assistant Examiner — Jermaine Jenkins Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (60) final application No. 61/530,940, filed on Sep. The disclosed invention describes an unpowered apparatus s which can wirelessly sense pressure based on microfluidics for point-of-care glaucoma diagnosis. Moreover, the dis (51) Int. Cl. closed invention teaches methods to construct the invention GOIL 9/00 (2006.01) using microfabrication processing. Finally, a detailed and A6 IB 3/16 (2006.01) 0 (52) U.S. Cl illustrative schematic of the wireless readout system is dis AV e. we losed. CPC ........................................ A61B 3/16 (2013.01) ' USPC ............................................... 73/705: 73/715 8 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets


A long-term goal of our laboratory has been to obtain definitive and diagnostic signatures that reflect structural properties of the diverse classes of biological hydroporphyrins. To that end, we have extensively investigated model chlorins (dihydroporphyrins), porphyrindiones (dioxoporphyrins), and isobacteriochlorins (iBC; tetrahydroporphyrins). This has included the study of both physiologically relevant (β-pyrrole substituted) and meso-substituted model complexes.


This wok aims to study the possibilities to help the family at the moment of notification of death, and the difficulties of professionals to talk about it. It will be present the transformation of death in a taboo issue, the emotional aspects of family, and how professionals deal with this subject, by the view of heath psychologists.


With the coming of an era of knowledge economy. the effects of information, technology and learning on economic activities are attracting ever greater attention. The world economy is increasingly based on knowledge and information. To maintain China's economic and political health, it is more and more important to construct China's unique socialist culture. Thus four tasks have to be accomplished f improving citizens' quality in science, technology and culture, renewing our views on talents, forming a common ideal and spiritual prop, and furthering cultural exchanges with foreign countries.


A communications revolution the hunger for bandwidth broadband cabled networks defense systems digital television CATV and SMATV feeds teleports terrestrial and stratospheric broadband wireless broadband mobile satellite systems high speed digital epilogue.


we propose a new algorithm to determine if the coefficient matrix A of a linear system Ax = b is a generalized diagonally dominant matrix. We give some numerical examples and compare our method with that of Yi-ming Gao.


Ciril van Hattum visits Taiwan's second city to report on the first months of passenger trials on the nation's first tramway operation.


Centrifugal compressors with high pressure ratio used in gas turbines often have a small range of stable operation region, which has a negative impact on their operation. One of the contemporary arrangements aiming to extend its stable operation regimes is to use specially shaped air flow by-pass channels (Internal Re-Circulation (IRC) systems) located at the compressor inlet. The paper is focused on the evaluation of different shapes of the IRC in terms of air flow and losses in these channels, including the velocity distribution in front of the inducer. Evaluation is based on the results of experiments with IRC physical models and calculations in CFD programs.


In 2010 Spyker Squadron choose to stop racing with their C8 La Violette GT2-R, and instead focus their attention
on the new C8 Aileron, illustrated in the image below.
The race car is due in December of 2011, in order to be ready to enter the 2012 Le Mans Series. Along with a
team of race car engineers, a 3-D model of the bodywork will be created to fit the race version of the road car.
This bachelor report will illustrate the entire process of transforming the road car's exterior into that of a GTE
spec. racer.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the long-term clinical effect of total eyelid reconstruction for tarsal plate defect with allo-sclera transplantation.METHODS One hundred and nine cases of eyelids defect for eyelids trauma or tumor excision were reconstructed using allo-sclera transplantation for total eyelids,and the follow-up varied from 1/2-25 years.RESULTS After the reconstruction,the shape of the eyelids were recovered with a full function and no irritation on the eyeball and the visual function.For all cases,no tumor recurred.CONCLUSIONS It was an ideal way for the eyelids defect by reconstruction using allo-sclera for eyelids tarsal plate,which showed a good shape and function and no harm to vision.


Deforesting Malaysia: The Political Economy and Social Ecology of Agricultural Expansion and Commercial Logging. By Jomo, K. S., Chang Y. T., Khoo K. J. et al. London and New York: Zed Books, 2004. Pp. 253. Agricultural expansion and commercial logging have been identified as the chief causes of deforestation in Malaysia. The causes of deforestation can be broken down into two reasonably distinct periods. The first, prior to 1957, was as an outcome of agricultural expansion in rubber plantations and smallholdings. The second, which began after 1957, was driven by land development schemes designed to provide a livelihood to the landless and the land-poor, based on rubber and palm oil schemes. In addition, the second wave has also been driven by the development of commercial logging activities, which gained significance in the 1970s and which has continued into present times. This agricultural expansion and land development wave has continued well into the 1980s, and while diminishing in Peninsular Malaysia, remains prevalent in the states of Sabah and Sarawak. The analyses of deforestation in Malaysia cannot be undertaken by an examination of factors affecting Malaysia as a single geographic, economic, and political entity. This is because regional variations were present between Peninsular Malaysia, and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in the island of Borneo. As such, the authors of the book have wisely chosen to examine separately and break down these areas into three entities or regions guided nevertheless by a "consideration of the common and various factors influencing decision making on agricultural expansion as well as commercial logging, including the role of international agricultural and timber markets" (p. xiii). These common factors broadly include popular pressures, poverty, land hunger, public revenue considerations, the statebusiness nexus, the search for political support and legitimacy, global demand, international business pressures, and the global political economy. Chapter 1 provides background information on the topography, climate, history, demography, politics, and economic development of the three regions, as agricultural expansion and forest management, the authors show in later chapters, have been influenced by these factors. The common as well as different histories and economic structures present in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, and Sarawak mean that the scope of agricultural expansion and deforestation have varied depending on the region. The policy context that has influenced the pattern of agricultural development (rubber and palm oil) and forest management in the three regions is discussed in Chapter 2. For agricultural expansion, the role of the Federal Land Development Agency (FELDA) was discussed, the agency being the forerunner of other federal and state/regional development agencies and is the largest and most important state agricultural agency in Peninsular Malaysia. In recent years, the role of the agricultural sector has become more important for Sabah and Sarawak rather than Peninsular Malaysia, with their respective (but similar) land development agencies operating in these states. In terms of forest management, the National Forestry Policy (NFP) was issued in 1978, in line with concerns over the extent of logging and the unsustainability of forest practices in Peninsular Malaysia. Sabah and Sarawak have their own similar and parallel institutions, laws, and policies that deal with the management, conservation, protection, and use of forests. However, in spite of the legislation and policies present in all three regions, the authors point out that in both Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak, the total forested area "declined by almost 50 per cent between 1971 and 1990. In Sabah's case, the area still unlogged in 1989 was less than 20 per cent of that available in 1971, indicating that Sabah had logged out most of its forests in the interim." (p. 50). …


Cisitu area, which is located in northern Bandung, was a rural community that has developed fast within decades to public housing. Now it has developed to a dense housing area, with many beautifuly furnished rented space dedicated for students who came from outside Bandung. As we might know, Bandung is well-known for its decent academic atmosphere, because there are several good reputation universities and colleges. Located close to ITB, Unpar, and Unpad, Cisitu is one of the best areas for students from out of town to be live in. The development somehow impacted on social problems in the community that increases crime in this area.
This paper focuses on how Alpina does its business to fulfill students' needs around the Cisitu area, from a business to a community collaborative space to serve the student community. As a positive impact of Alpina collaborative spaces, the community lives in such social control that reduces crime in the environment. A collaborative space made by a community with or without leaders has some advantages on reducing criminality in the neighborhood. It stabilized the environment because of the social control created between the people within.


An Nguyen (ed). News Numbers and Public Opinion in a Data-driven World. London: Bloomsbury, 2018, 288 pp., US £96 (hardcover) and US £82.94 (Ebook).


Objective: To assess the radiographic location of the inferior alveolar canal and its association with age and gender.
Methodology: This observational study was conducted at the dental department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, in the time duration of six months (Sep-2015 to Feb-2016). All the adult patients aged ≥18 years with permanent teeth underwent diagnostic quality imaging with suitable contrast and density, presence of first molar, 1st & 2nd premolar and canine in images, superimposition of structures and either of gender were included. Patients underwent panoramic digital imaging. The manufacturer's guide-based images were produced using panoramic machine (digital) to assess multi-pattern of inferior dental canal using software "OWANDY OPG I-MAX TOUCH OSP and Quick vision to get histogram equalization and gray values. The entire data was entered in self-made proforma and was analyzed by using SPSS 20th version.
Results: Overall 70 patients were studied; their mean age was 28.23+12.43 years, females were found in the majority (57.14%). Most of the patients (54.28%) were seen with inferior alveolar variations of Type I, followed by 21.42% Type II, 14.28% type III and 10% with Type IV. According to the site of mandibular canal locations; 21 of 70 had right side, 15 had left side and 34 had bilateral. There was statistically no significant variance in the appearance of inferior alveolar nerve according to age and gender.
Conclusion: Localized superior and inferior borders were 54.28% in our population to avoid injury during the maxillofacial surgery or during dental implant procedures. There was an insignificant difference in location according to age and gender


Recent years have seen the development and introduction of a range of new physiological instruments for investigating various aspects of articulatory function. Included among these techniques are electromagnetic articulography (EMA), electropalatography (EPG), and pressure-sensing EPG. This chapter describes and evaluates these techniques, highlighting their relative advantages, disadvantages, and specific applications in assessing articulation in normal and disordered speakers. Emphasis is given to those instruments that enable researchers and clinicians to examine articulatory functions in three dimensions, such as 3D EPG and 3D EMA (AG500). In addition, the development and application of pressure-sensing EPG is outlined. Each of these physiological techniques is described in terms of their component hardware and underlying principles of operation. Problems encountered in the development and application of each instrument are highlighted, including difficulties with calibration, accuracy of data, transducer limitations, and so on. Research findings reported to date based on each of the above physiological instruments are reviewed and the results summarized. Future development and potential application of 3D technologies in the rehabilitation of motor speech disorders by way of 3D physiological biofeedback are highlighted.


estimates that today nearly 821 million people (~10.9%) are undernourished, and in Sub-Saharan Africa 29.5 to 48.5% of the population, depending on region, faced severe food insecurity from 20142017 (FAO et al. 2018). The most critical food shortages tend to correspond with areas under water stress, and the poor are most susceptible (FAO et al. 2018). Meeting the nutritional and caloric needs of the world population will require a combination of increased food production, food waste reduction, and improved food storage and delivery infrastructure systems. Effective management of water resources will be key to success. In 2004, Falkenmark and Rockström introduced the green-blue water paradigm, which has since gained widespread acceptance in the international and U.S. water management communities. This framework has been expanded to include reclaimed and/or grey water (Dobrowolski et al. 2008; Waskom and Kallenger 2009). Blue water is the water storage in streams, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, snowpack, and saturated groundwater. Green water is soil moisture in the unsaturated zone. Grey water is classically defined as wastewater from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing which can be recycled and used, but of greater significance in terms of volume is reclaimed water from municipal wastewater. Reclaimed water


We measure the gravitational lensing signal around satellite galaxies in galaxy clusters at z ˙ 0.15 by combining high-quality imaging data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope with a large sample of spectroscopically-confirmed cluster members. We use extensive image simulations to assess the accuracy of shape measurements of faint, background sources in the vicinity of bright satellite galaxies. We find a small but significant bias, as light from the lenses makes the shapes of backgroud galaxies appear more radial than they really are. We account for this bias by applying a correction that depends on both lens size and magnitude. We also determine and apply a scale-dependent boost factor to account for contamination of the source sample by cluster members. We measure the satellite lensing signal robustly down to scales of roughly 30 kpc, but we cannot constrain the matter density profiles of subhaloes. We estimate the subhalo mass as the mass bound to the subhalo, consistent with the definition of common subhalo finders, and provide a direct measurement of the subhalo-to-stellar-mass relation, log m bg /M ⊙ ˘ (11.73 § 0.05) ¯ (0.77 § 0.11)log[ m ⋆ /(2 £ 10 10 M ⊙ )] , broadly consistent with the corresponding relation for central galaxies. The slope of this relation is robust to both the adopted mass-concentration relation and the definition of subhalo mass. We also constrain the mass segregation of subhaloes by measuring the lensing signal as a function of projected cluster-centric distance. We find no statistically significant evidence for mass segregation, in qualitative agreement with predictions from numerical simulations.


A relatively unstable molecule that represents a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, ozone is crucial for life on Earth. Depending on where ozone resides, it can protect or harm life.


INTRODUCTION 618 I. FEDERAL HATE CRIME LEGISLATION IN THE UNITED STATES ........627 A. History of the Matthew Shepard Act 628 B. Structure of the Matthew Shepard Act 630 C. Debate Surrounding the Matthew Shepard Act 632 II. MODERN COMMERCE CLAUSE DOCTRINE 635 A. The Lopez Framework 636 B. United States v. Lopez 637 C. United States v. Morrison 639 D. Gonzales v. Raich 642 E. Themes of Lopez, Morrison, and Raich 644 III. ANALYSIS UNDER THE LOPEZ FRAMEWORK 646 IV. JURISDICTIONAL-ELEMENT ANALYSIS 649 A. Mere Presence of a Jurisdictional Element 649 B. Sufficiency of the Jurisdictional Element in the Matthew Shepard Act 654 1. Affecting-Commerce Prongs 655 2. Persons-Things-or-Channels Prongs 656 3. Materials-in-Commerce Prongs 657


To explore the influence of the Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba cascade reservoir system on the appropriate environmental flow (AEF) of the Jinsha River, a multiobjective optimal cascade reservoir model was established with the aim of maximizing power generation while minimizing the downstream degree of AEF alteration. The AEF was determined using the range of variability approach (RVA). The optimal model was solved using an improved version of NSGA-II called INSGA2-DS. Inflows in typical normal and dry years were selected for optimization. The results show that in a normal year, power generation can be increased by 1.28% compared with that under the current regular operation conditions by prioritizing the maximization of power generation, in which case the degree of AEF alteration will increase by 13.86%. In contrast, the degree of AEF alteration will decrease by 22.53% if ecological protection is prioritized, but power generation will decrease by 0.62%. Similarly, in a dry year, power generation can be increased by 1.76% compared with that under the current regular operation conditions to maximize economic benefit, in which case, the degree of AEF alteration will increase by 4.95%. By contrast, the degree of AEF alteration can be decreased by 13.70% if the objective is AEF minimization, but power generation will decrease by 0.48%. These research results provide useful information for the formulation of ecological operation schemes involving cascade reservoirs on the Jinsha River.


Time-resolved four-wave mixing has been performed in InGaN/GaN/sapphire heterostructures using picosecond pulses at 355 nm for carrier excitation. In-plane diffusion and recombination of carriers, confined in the front layer of 50-nm-thick InGaN, were monitored by a delayed probe beam at 1064 nm. Decay times of free carrier gratings with various spatial periods allowed determination of bipolar diffusion coefficient D = 2.1 cm2/s, effective carrier lifetime of 470 ps, and estimate the corresponding hole mobility 40 cm2/Vs at carrier density of about 1018 cm−3. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Assumptions of constructivism, information-processing, and fuzzy-trace theory were tested in two experiments on memory and comprehension of metaphors with 6- and 9-year-old children. In the first experiment, verbatim memory for metaphors was compared with misrecognition of the gist of metaphorical meaning. In the second experiment, children judged metaphorical meaning, including alternative perceptual and psychological interpretations. We found that (a) children misrecognized the gist of metaphorical interpretations, especially after a delay, much like they do for literal gist (e.g., true inferences); (b) contrary to both constructivism and information-processing theory, misrecognizing metaphorical gist was independent of memory for the metaphor itself; (c) true psychological interpretations were misrecognized and judged acceptable more often than any other type at all ages; and (d) contrary to the idea that literal or perceptual interpretations are suppressed to achieve psychological interpretations, acc...


Employee engagement (EE) has become a popular term in organisational management recently. In the relevant literature, the use of internal communication (IC) channels is claimed to be a significant factor in increasing employees' engagement levels. However, the number of research conducted on this issue within the hotel context in the tourism sector is very limited. Therefore, this research aimed to examine the use of IC channels and their effects on employees' satisfaction levels from their jobs, the meaningfulness of their work and their commitment levels to their organisations during the COVID-19 crisis. Questionnaire technique was used in the study for data collection and 389 employees from five-star hotels in different geographical regions of Turkey participated in the research. The results obtained with relevant statistical analysis indicate that there is a significant relationship between the use of IC channels and satisfaction levels of employees at Turkish hotel organisations.


This paper demonstrates the actual implementation of sustainability standards in the real estate finance field in Japan via comparison those of Europe and US, then analyzes the financial impacts of the sustainability standards on the property values via case studies, and identifies issues to be solved for advanced implementation of standards.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of waiting time at the lairage before slaughter in crossbred bulls after a long transport (~14h). One-half of the bulls of each transport (n = 8 transports; n = 48 ± 4 bulls/transport) were distributed in two treatments: short waiting time (SWT; < 2h; n = 179) and long waiting time (LWT; from 7 to 8h; n = 165). Animal behavior was recorded during waiting time at the lairage. The pH in Longissimus dorsi (LD) between 30 and 36 h postmortem, was registered and a subset of 24 LD were selected for meat quality evaluation. Each loin was cut in 5 slices, one to determine instrumental color, and the others were disposed in high oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) to evaluate instrumental color, microbiology, and color stability between d 1 to 12. Data were analyzed using mixed models with repeated measures. Animals standing with LWT treatment decreased (P< 0.001) after the first hour at the lairage (71% to 32%, between 1h and 2h, respectively). After 3h, standing time and non-nutritive oral behaviors started to increase until sixth hour at the lairage (63%). Meat pH was lesser (P < 0.01) for SWT (5.6 ± 0.05) compared with LWT (5.7 ± 0.05). However, the percentage of carcass classified as DFD (pH > 5.7) did not differ between treatments. Meat redness (a*) and yellowness (*b) at 30-36 h were greater (P < 0.05) for SWT (16.3 ± 0.94 and 16.7 ± 1.53, respectively) compared with LWT (15.1 ± 0.94 and 15.6 ± 1.53, respectively). The increase of activity after 3 h at the lairage could be related to the long fasting hours caused by a long transport, however after a long transport waiting time at the lairage had minimal detrimental effects on meat quality.


Using commuting data for Brisbane, Australia, we find that accounting for measurement error in travel times causes the magnitude of parameters in mode and location choice models to increase approximately three-fold and 30–40%, respectively. Errors appear to be somewhat systematic, with travel times being underestimated for short journeys and vice versa for long journeys—especially by public transport. We find similar results when we use alternative transport cost measures and independent commuting data from London. Our findings are likely to have important implications for transport and land use policy as well as the many types of economic models in which travel times—and transport costs, more generally—occupy a central role.


Differential operators are widely used in geometry processing for problem domains like spectral shape analysis, data interpolation, parametrization and mapping, and meshing. In addition to the ubiquitous cotangent Laplacian, anisotropic second‐order operators, as well as higher‐order operators such as the Bilaplacian, have been discretized for specialized applications. In this paper, we study a class of operators that generalizes the fourth‐order Bilaplacian to support anisotropic behavior. The anisotropy is parametrized by a symmetric frame field, first studied in connection with quadrilateral and hexahedral meshing, which allows for fine‐grained control of local directions of variation. We discretize these operators using a mixed finite element scheme, verify convergence of the discretization, study the behavior of the operator under pullback, and present potential applications.


The relaxation behavior of n-butyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid (MAA) copolymers (12 mol % MAA) and their alkaline salts (K, Li) with various degrees of neutralization was investigated from 77 to 400 K by means of thermally stimulated depolarization and polarization methods. For degrees of neutralization higher than 50%, the experimental results were found to be consistent with the existence of complex heterophase structures involving significant widening of the distribution function of relaxation times in the glass transition region, splitting of the side-chain transition in several discrete relaxation components, and formation of ionic cluster giving rise to their own relaxation process. By systematically studying the influence of polarization conditions, it was also shown that the appearance and stability of such clusters are markedly dependent on the thermal and electrical history of the samples and that the clustering relaxation is closely related to the ionic conductivity via space-change formation.


It has been tried to find effective biological control measures involved in nature of soil suppressiveness to fusarium wilt of cncumber caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen. Total 28 soil samples were obtained from Jinju, Haman, Namji, Milyang and Suncheon vinyl house area. The disease response of test soil was quantified in terms of DI50 value which caculated from log-probit transformation of diseases response curves. Soils designated 5 from Jinju, 7 from Suncheon, 22 from Namji were recognized as suppressive to fusarium wilt of cucumber. This suppressiveness was completely nullified after autoclave. The disease suppressiveness of tested soil did not indicate any consistency according to either chemical property or texture of soil. Conidial germination, induction and germination of chlamydospore were markedly inhibited in supprerssive soil compared to those in intermediate or conducive soils, however, mycelial lysis did not appear to have direct relationship with disease suppressiveness of given soil. Population density of fluorescent Pseudomonads and Bacillus spp. in the soil originated from different degree of suppressiveness were not different significantly but the number of lytic bacterial plaques measured by triple layer agar method was remarkably higher in suppressive soil than that in intermediate or conducive soil.


This issue of the journal features independently submitted papers from authors who provide research perspectives originating in China, Hong Kong and several different regions of the UK. An emerging theme is the concerns of young children moving into early care and education and the parallel concerns of the professional practitioners who work with them. Some of the children studied in these papers are actively sorting out the challenges of moving from home to pre-school settings. Others are dealing with the additional pleasures and complexities of moving between the different languages used in their homes and early years settings. Additionally, if we move from the big picture to the fine details, two groups of children on different continents are exploring representation in drawing and the concepts of 'real' and 'unreal'. Three papers focus specifically on the concerns of early years practitioners as they attempt to sort out the nature of their professionalism, their status and the related issue of their gender. Another kind of 'sorting out' that cannot be avoided by practitioners is the debate about what constitutes an appropriate curriculum for 4–5year-old children. This too is highlighted in the current issue. In the first paper, Mei Seung Lam and Andrew Pollard remind us that young children cross a cultural boundary as they move from home to kindergarten, or rather as they begin to 'commute' between these different social worlds. Lam and Pollard argue that we must recognise that children are active agents, busy devising their own 'coping strategies' which allow them to make sense of 'school' and of themselves as 'pupils'. In the next paper, from Roger Merry, Zhao Wei and Jenny Rogers, we see children in nurseries in two national cultures that are very different. The subject of this experimental study is to see how children respond when asked to step outside the familiar routines they may have developed, specifically for drawing people. The results raise interesting issues about the relationship between copying and creativity in young children's drawing and about the place of direct teaching in art education. Gee Macrory's paper links the concerns of young children with the concerns of practitioners as she asks, with reference to bilingual language development: 'What do early years practitioners need to know?' The emerging answer includes such things as professional knowledge of bilingual language acquisition, the significance of input in two languages and the most effective ways of supporting bilingual development in the early years classroom. Perhaps most importantly, however, the range and variability of individual family circumstances and patterns of language use are such that 'an understanding of an individual child's particular situation is vital if her progress is be successful'. Early Years, Vol. 26, No. 2, July 2006, pp. 121–122


Crystal engineering based on defect passivation with metal ions doped into halide perovskites is of considerable interest for tailoring the photoelectric properties of perovskites. Herein, a simple and robust approach for doping metal ions into a thin all‐inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite film by employing metal–organic framework nanoparticles is presented. Zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles, which can adsorb water, are dispersed and embedded in a thin perovskite film. The particles self‐decompose at a certain humidity, releasing Zn2+ ions into nearby perovskite crystals. The Zn2+ ions efficiently passivate the undercoordinated defect sites of the defective perovskite crystals, resulting in environmentally stable and enhanced photoluminescence of the perovskite with a quantum yield of ≈14%, more than 24 times greater than that without nanoparticles. Further, a thin Zn‐doped CsPbBr3 film is employed to fabricate arrays of ultraviolet photodetectors, and ≈90% of the initial photocurrent is maintained over 15 d in RH 60%, facilitating the development of a dual‐mode image sensor using which programmed images are visualized based on both photocurrent and photoluminescence.


Objective This study was designed to assess the release kinetics of endothelin after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) and to prove the coronary endothelium as the source of the endothelin release.Methods 20 patients with outmoded myocardial infarction (OMI) underwent PTCA and 12 patients accepted coronary angiography.Blood samples were withdrawn from the peripheral vein,coronary sinus(CS),coronary artery(CA) and femoral vein (V) before operation and 5 minutes,6 hours after operation.Concentration of plasma endothelin were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results The PTCA group had more level of plasma endothelin.There was no significant difference between pre-CAG and post-CAG ( P 0 05).The levels of plasma endothelin in PTCA increased significantly at 5 minutes and 6 hours ( P 0 01) after PTCA.The concentration of endothelin in coronary sinus was the highest.There was significant difference between CS and CA ( P 0 01) and between CS and V ( P 0 01). Conclusion Levels of plasma endothelin increased significantly after PTCA and coronary endothelium might be the source of the endothelin release.


The challenge of a nowadays well-grounded engineering education is preparing industry ready graduates, that is, to provide students with the skills to master the complexity of products in terms of innovation, invention and problem solving combined with soft skills abilities. This addresses particularly the engineering design education, which in general should be mainly based on practical studies represented by engineering design projects. In order to supply industry with work-ready practitioners, the effectiveness and efficacy of design education respectively design projects is a crucial aspect. This article presents some findings of an efficient use of design methodologies and techniques when carrying through design projects in the faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics at the University of Applied Sciences, Deggendorf, Germany. Engineering design projects are compulsory for students within their curriculum. The projects aim at fostering and stimulating students creativity by means of a complementary use of design methodologies and techniques. By taking advantage of this approach the systematic generation of ideas in the course of a design project is presented, which eventually led to the development of an innovative product.


The morphology of Navicula genustriata Hustedt was studied using LM, SEM and TEM and resulted in an amended description. Its taxonomie affinities are discussed and a close relationship to Pinnularia is suggested. The wide range of valve variability is described both in qualitative and in quantitative terms. Some notes on the distribution of the species and the ecology of recent and fossil populations are also given.


Globally, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the third main cause of death related to cancer in women. The cervical cancer mortality rate is higher in underdeveloped and developing vs. developed countries. Chronic infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) can trigger cervical cancer, by an interplay of a variety of pathways and molecules (i.e., inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and apoptosis) leading to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Cervical carcinoma is treatable in early stages, while it progresses to metastasis at advanced stages; however, generally it is poorly manageable with current treatment options. For future advances in the treatment of metastatic or recurrent cervical cancer carcinoma, identification of new therapeutic platforms is necessary. A new generation of drugs, herbs and spices afford novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Among the herb-based components, resveratrol has several beneficial effects given its anti-cancer activities (e.g., anti-angiogenesis, anti-proliferation, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic). Hence, this therapeutic agent may have promising potential if clinically corroborated to possess anti-cancer efficacy. Here, we summarize the chemopreventive and treatment actions of resveratrol for cervical cancer as well as its mechanism of action.


Particle colliders are essential tools for understanding the fundamental structure of matter in physical science. In circular colliders, two counter rotating beams, each containing hundreds of millions of particles moving at nearly the speed of light are forced to collide at each turn. Numerical simulation of this beam-beam effects at each turn relies on matrix-based, arbitrary-order symplectic particle tracking for beam transport and the generalized Basetti-Erskine approximation for beam-beam interaction. Serial, or even naively parallel implementation of this simulation is prohibitively costly in terms of efficiency and computational requirements, necessitating simulation times on the order of months. In this paper, we present a high-performance, high-fidelity model for simulation of beam-beam effects in particle colliders using GPUs. The parallel simulation algorithm implemented on NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU delivers two to three orders-of-magnitude speedup when compared to a non-optimized sequential simulation. With the parallel simulation model resulting in orders-of-magnitude reduction in the computation time, previously computationally prohibitive long-term simulations become tractable.


The aim of the research was to provide a valid theoretical frame consisting of both task and error analyses methods to analyse elder patients' clinical pathway within a healthcare system. The research study consisted of (a) utilizing a task analysis method to identify the process workflow affiliated with elder patients transitioning through different continuums of care to receive medical treatment; (b) utilizing an error analysis method to identify opportunities for improvement in the workflow that enhances both patient safety and healthcare worker efficiency and; (c) developing an ideal process workflow that incorporates the recommendations for improvement. The study findings contribute towards a larger research effort being proposed consisting of the development and implementation of a shared web-based patient community information system enabling hospitals and nursing homes to share patient information resulting in increased knowledge of a patient's medical history, decreased errors and enhanced patient safety.


Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM10, NO2, and SO2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m3 for PM10, 7.3 µg/m3 for NO2, and 3.6 µg/m3 for SO2. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM10 and NO2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM10 and NO2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.


Optimizing air traffic management has been a considerable challenge, and will become an increasingly difficult one over the coming decades. A Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) report released in May 2007 analyzed current flight schedules and projected future demand and capacities at 56 airports around the country. The report identified all four airports in the New York metropolitan area as currently operating at full capacity. Approximately 18 airports were identified as needing additional capacity by 2015 (increasing to 27 by 2025) if the current airport system remains unchanged. Air traffic is expected to as much as triple by 2025 [1]. Successful air traffic management requires aircraft path-planning that can be modeled to address multiple aircraft, collision, and obstacle avoidance. Trajectory optimization with collision avoidance constraints can be written as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) to minimize a cost function with regards to flight time(s) [2]. Two methods have been examined to solve this problem: centralized and distributed control. Centralized control involves a single authority collecting and processing information (e.g., an air traffic controller), while distributed control involves each plane collecting and processing information and exercising trajectory decisions autonomously (i.e., free flight). Supporters of centralized control claim it maintains strong system stability (e.g, a small deviation in one plane's trajectory will not cause a cascade effect throughout the entire system). However, advocates of distributed control emphasize it allows more flexibility in aircraft trajectory decisions [3]. This paper examines and analyzes two aircraft trajectory models using both the centralized and distributed methods for MILP trajectory optimization. Specific parameters and minimimum separation constraints are given for five and 10 aircraft schemes, respectively. This project is the continuation of research previously conducted by graduate students Jennifer Thorne and Keith Webb during academic year 2012 at the College of William & Mary. This problem has been formulated in a two-dimensional plane with results and trajectory plots presented at the end.


Beginning in 1949, several thousand Chinese NationalistAlthough these forces over time included non-Chinese recruits, for purposes of simplicity I shall use the terms "Nationalists," "KMT" or "irregulars" to refer to them. soldiers fled from mainland China into the so-called "Golden Triangle" of South-East Asia, made up of the northern parts of Burma, Thailand, Laos and Indo-China. At first, the United States saw these "irregulars" as a useful force in the containment of communism and provided support to them. But by 1953, Washington had come to consider them a threat to that very same policy. Removing them, however, was no easy task, largely because of the attitude of Taiwan's leader, Chiang Kai-shek, who hoped to use them in his plans to return to the mainland. In 1953, and again in 1961, Washington had to use intense pressure to get Chiang to agree to the repatriation of the irregulars. By the time of the second withdrawal, American credibility, U.S.-Burmese relations and the entire containment programme had suffered serious harm.


Previously studies have associated visuospatial tasks, particularly 'clock‐drawing', with mortality. We sought to determine whether clock‐drawing also mediates the association between depressive symptoms and mortality.


The development of modern distance education is seriously challenging the traditional correspondence education.Modern distance education and traditional correspondence education have respective unique advantages,but also have disadvantages which hinder the development.Only by absorbing from the advantages of modem distance education,upgrading traditional correspondence education with network reconstruction,and applying modern educational technology services in the traditional correspondence education,the traditional correspondence education could get over its predicament.


Abstract : A wrought Cr-Ni-Mo austenitic stainless composition previously investigated for use as a welding electrode and designated as Croloy 16-8-2, was developed. It possesses creep and rupture strengths, in the temperature range of 1050 to 1350 F, which are equal to or greater than TP-304 and TP-321, while generally weaker than TP-347 and TP-316 stainless steels. Croloy 16-8-2 possessed a low yield strength at all test temperatures in combination with high ductility to fracture values and normal fracture strength levels. It was determined that 1350 F is the maximum safe long-time service temperature for Croloy 16-8-2, based upon oxidation characteristics. Intergranular corrosion tests show that aging up to 1500 hr at 1200 F did not eliminate intergranular corrosion while 75-hr aging at 1500 F provided intergranular corrosion resistance. No difficulty was experienced during the manufacture of hollow forgings or tubing of excellent quality.


Despite the critiques generated in critical internationalization studies in response to the neoliberal and neocolonial orientation of internationalization of higher education, the direction of internationalization appears to be unchanged. This paper takes up the challenge of imagining internationalization otherwise by drawing from the field of post-development (PD) studies, which, it is argued, has parallels to the realities and debates on internationalization. An overview of the debates in PD and why they offer important ideas for critical internationalization studies will be followed by a discussion of how key analyses and arguments in PD can be applied to internationalization. This argument leads to the question of whether it is time to recognize an emerging post-internationalization movement, acknowledging that internationalization as we know it is in decline.


We frequently compute a score for each item in a data set, sometimes for its intrinsic value, but more often as a step towards classification, ranking, and so forth. The importance of computing this score fairly cannot be overstated. In this tutorial, we will develop a framework for how to think about this task, and then present techniques for responsible scoring and link these to traditional data management challenges.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose rt- PA in the early treatment of the patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods 30 patients within 6 hours from the onset of stroke were divided into 2 groups,thrombolytic group( 16 cases) and control group( 14cases). Patients in thrombolytic group received rt- PA 40mg,patients in control group did not receive thrombolytic therapy. NIHSS and Barthel Index( BI) were used to evaluate the recovery of neurological functions after rt- PA 2,24 hours and 10 days. Cerebral CT were also reexamined. Results The scores of NIHSS after treatment were significantly better than before treatment in the both groups,and the improvement in the thrombolytic group was much greater than control group. The effective rate was higher in thrombolytic group than in control group,There was significant difference between two groups( 75%,50%, P 0. 05). There was a patient with gingival bleeding in thrombolytic group. There was no cerebral hemorrhagic complication and mortality in two groups. Conclusion For the individuals with acute cerebral infarction low dose rt- PA thrombolysis was effective and safe within 6h from the symptom onset in case of strict control. It is better than routine treatment.


The invention provides a large-scale multifunctional corrosion stimulation test rack taking a test circular road as a main part, which is used for simulating the corrosion condition of high acid natural gas containing H2S, CO2 and Cl on a pipeline parent metal and a welded joint under the pipeline transmission condition. The device and the method provided by the invention can be applied to pipeline parent bodies with different pipe diameters, materials, steel grades and wall thicknesses, or a welded joint corrosion test; and test functions such as test on corrosion of the pipe section parent metal and the welded joint, sulfide stress cracking (SSC), hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), washout, corrosion inhibitor effect, welding process evaluation, corrosion monitoring method comparison, pipeline-corrosion-preventing process optimization and the like are integrated into a whole; and the test functions, such as preference of the corrosion process in the pipeline are integrated into a whole, thus reasonable material selection and safe welding quality are guaranteed, and the corrosion condition of the corresponding corrosion condition on the welded joint and the parent metal is known.


This research aims to reveal the data of Arabic language learning in Lampung. This research is focused on teachers professionality, Arabic learning process, and  students' Arabic language skills that consist of istima', kalam, qira'ah, and kitabah. This research refers to a survey study by collecting information from sample through questionnaire. The objectives of this research not only examine the map of teachers professionality, Arabic learning process, and students' Arabic language skills but also find out the interaction between learning process and students' Arabic skills. The samples of this research were 49 Arabic teachers and 382 students of Islamic Senior High School around Lampung. From the results of analysis data, it can be concluded that teachers professionality belongs to medium level, Arabic learning process belongs to medium level, students' Arabic language skills belong to low level. The results of associative analysis showed that there is a significant influence between learning process and students' Arabic language skills; therefore, it can be regarded that un-maximal learning process and environment have an impact towards the students low-level Arabic language skills.


Abstract : This study deals with simulated Martian microenvironment containing 8% moisture permitted germination and growth of endospores of Clostridium sporogenes.


The Benue trough is Nigeria's main, but not exclusive source of barite mineralisation. There are at least ten barite fields in the trough, each containing swarms of veins or concordant stratiform minerals flats of hydrothermal origin. There are only two vein trends in the trough: the NW-SE trend, which tends to be orthogonal to the axis of the trough; and the N-S to NNE-SSW trend, which is younger than the former. Both vein sets are formed from ac tension joints reflecting different post-sedimentary deformation phases in the trough. The NW-SE veins are also more frequent than the N-S veins, almost in the ration of 2:1. Although 86 veins have been studied, not one was found oriented parallel to the axis of the trough, a good indication of structural control on mineral vein orientations. The dips of the veins tend to be high (>80 o ), a condition that favours manual mining. Veins tend to display a simple block profile and their widths vary from a few centimetres to as much as 6m, though the most frequently occurring widths are between 50cm and 1m. The implication of this is that BaSO 4 concentrations in hydrothermal fluids in the trough were probably low during the Cretaceous period. In many veins, there is barite quality contrast between the top part and the lower portions. Higher quality barite tends to come from the lower portions. Hence it is expected that much of the low quality stigma associated with Nigerian barite from the trough would be relieved when mining gets down to good depths. For this reason, mining in those veins of low quality barite should proceed by vertical stripping.


[mss from 1999] 1 As Robert Adams has pointed out, the truths of "middle knowledge" in de Molina's sense are "subjunctive conditional propositions, many of which are strictly counterfactual conditionals." There are subjunctive truths of middle knowledge even for choice-circumstances which actually occur, so they are not all strictly speaking counterfactual. paperback reprint. 4 As Plantinga uses this phrase in The Nature of Necessity, ch. IX, p.173, it is in fact a synonym for "feasibility" in the Molinist sense.


As a kind of right redress system,the establishment and implementation of the divorce damages system(DDS) protects and improves the relationship of the legal rights and interests ofthe innocent party,punishingtheguilty party,and provides legal protection to maintain social stability.However some disadvantages still exist in the judicial practice of this system Therefore the DDS needs to be further perfected.From the perspective of J apanese law,this paper first discusses the problems of the burden of proof,the main responsibility for damages,the amount of compensation and the exercise time of the right of claim in judicial practice.Later,the legislative suggestions to improve the DDS in China are put forward..


One would assume that the anti‐inflammatory activity of α1‐anti‐trypsin (AAT) is the result of inhibiting neutrophil enzymes. However, AAT exhibits tolerogenic activities that are difficult to explain by serine‐protease inhibition or by reduced inflammatory parameters. Targets outside the serine‐protease family have been identified, supporting the notion that elastase inhibition, the only functional factory release criteria for clinical‐grade AAT, is over‐emphasized. Non‐obvious developments in the understanding of AAT biology disqualify it from being a straightforward anti‐inflammatory agent: AAT does not block dendritic cell activities, nor does it promote viral and tumour susceptibilities, stunt B lymphocyte responses or render treated patients susceptible to infections; accordingly, outcomes of elevated AAT do not overlap those attained by immunosuppression. Aside from the acute‐phase response, AAT rises during the third trimester of pregnancy and also in advanced age. At the molecular level, AAT docks onto cholesterol‐rich lipid‐rafts and circulating lipid particles, directly binds interleukin (IL)‐8, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) and danger‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, and its activity is lost to smoke, high glucose levels and bacterial proteases, introducing a novel entity – 'relative AAT deficiency'. Unlike immunosuppression, AAT appears to help the immune system to distinguish between desired responses against authentic threats, and unwanted responses fuelled by a positive feedback loop perpetuated by, and at the expense of, inflamed injured innocent bystander cells. With a remarkable clinical safety record, AAT treatment is currently tested in clinical trials for its potential benefit in a variety of categorically distinct pathologies that share at least one common driving force: cell injury.


Abstract : The EV-64 high-intensity light pulse source, a new version of the EV-39, is presented. The EV-type light pulse sources are based on capillary discharge with the evaporation of walls. The EV-64 has a capillary 2 mm in diameter in a textolite plate 10 mm thick. The capillary is mounted in a discharge chamber 1000 mm long and 508 mm high. The pulses from a discharge current of 9 to 10 k amp between graphite electrodes 14 mm in diameter, fed from a battery of capacitors at a rated voltage of 5000 V, produce an output of radiative power of 82 wt at a pulse duration of 1.4 msec. The power supply circuitry, which is composed of a system of LCR circuits and primer discharge gaps, is described in detail.


This contribution reviews aspects of the 10 years I spent with Dr. Jack Griffin in the Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins University. It highlights how Jack influenced my research career and changed my focus from a myelin centric basic science researcher to one that had an appreciation of the interdependence of axon and myelin forming cells as it related to the pathogenesis of human demyelinating diseases.


Driving School is a school that focuses on developing student learning outcomes holistically by realizing the Pancasila Student Profile which includes competence and character starting with superior human resources (principals and teachers). The Motivating School Program is a refinement of the previous school transformation program. The Motivating School Program will accelerate public/private schools in all school conditions to move 1-2 stages further. The program is carried out in stages and is integrated with the ecosystem until all schools in Indonesia become the Motivating School Program. The first batch of the Driving School Program (PSP) for the 2021/2022 academic year has already started. There are 2,500 schools selected from 111 city districts that run the program. The Driving School Implementing School can inspire other schools to take part in the Mobilizing School Program. Motivating School teacher mentoring program. Initially the target was 61,000 people, now it is 23,145 people, with the budget dropping from Rp. 389.3 billion to Rp. 247.7 billion. Likewise with disaster-safe education units. The target is to decrease from 1,530 institutions to 1,290 institutions, with the budget falling from Rp. 152.1 billion to Rp. 115.9 billion.


Polyene antibiotics are a group of macrolide lactones that have antifungal activity against a wide variety of fungi. Administration of this group of antibiotics have recently increased due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs and increasing incidence of AIDS (1,2). Nystatin, the first polyene drug to be identified, is active against a wide variety of fungal pathogens including Candida, Aspergillus, Histoplasma and Coccidioides spp. (4,5,6). Nystatin has a similar structure to amphotericin B, but has a broader spectrum of action than amphotericin B and is used for the treatment of cutaneous, vaginal and oral candidiases by oral, pleural inhalation and topical administration (7-9). Nystatin, has a broad spectrum of activity, but due to its low solubility in injectable solvents and toxicity, its use in the treatment of systemic fungal infections is limited (7,8). Unfortunately its clinical use, other than by topical application, has been Abstract In this study, nystatin liposomal formulation was prepared and characterized. The physicochemical properties of formulations including vesicle size, drug entrapment stability and in vitro release were studied. The highest entrapment efficiency of nystatin into liposomes was obtained about 70% when cholesterol (CHO) was added to the formulations prepared with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. In addition, the drug entrapment efficiency was decreased when distearoylphosphatidylcholine was used but it was improved by addition of CHO and hydration with 9% sucrose solution. Liposomes with uniform size distribution and average size of 100 nm were produced. Long term stability study indicated that the lyophilized liposomal nystatin was physically stable for at least 6 months at 4 C. In vitro anti-fungal activity of liposomal nystatin was found to be more effective than free nystatin against Candida albicans.