This paper extends the traditional view of audit failures related to the going-concern (GC) assumption to two circumstances scarcely analyzed in the audit literature: the earnings overstatement that characterizes firms without a going-concern uncertainty (GCU) in their audit reports and the wording used by auditors in the GC qualifications. We find significant differences between the discretionary accruals of Spanish GC and non-GC companies. After discounting their effect, the client's financial condition loses its significance in the multivariate explanation of the GCU and auditor size is the variable that better explains the qualifications. We also find that a large percentage of GCUs are written ambiguously and with an overuse of conditional language, but no client or auditor attributes significantly explain differences in the GCU wording. Our results support the need to strengthen the enforcement mechanisms, as a GC audit Standard is not, by itself, enough to efficiently control auditor behaviour.


Objective To prevent HIV infection when occupational people worked in the hospital.Methods 572 doctors and nurses worked 14 polyclinic hospital were investigated in Jilin City.Results There were 251 people of middle-rank and upwards and 114 people of elementary and downwards who could comprehend correctly major policy about AIDS.There were 207 people who didn't know to dispose of medical prevention and report procedure when they exposed AIDS occupational environment.Those people didn't know that Disease Prevention Control Center in Jilin City is drug storehouse for occupational exposure about AIDS in Jilin City.Conclusion It is necessary to make a systematic train about HIV on doctor and nurse worked in the hospital.


In a cooking tunnel furnace articles raw coal 20, comprising flue 12 extending from the combustion chambers 24 is established by means of adjustable valves located in exhaust stacks 30 which are located at the closed end 24 of the combustion chamber, a pressure gradient throughout the length of the flues and of the combustion chambers such as are obtained, between the combustion chambers and the working space, a pressure difference that makes that the combustion products pass into the workspace in amounts sufficient to prevent the formation of a coke ring without causing burning articles in coal.


The main objective of this study to test the effect of work environment, organizational support, and intrinsic motivation on organizational commitment in OPD (Organisasi Perangkat Daerah ) Bukittinggi. This study using multiple linear regression analysis. The sampling method in this study is the total sampling of all employees in four OPD (Organisasi Perangkat Daerah ) Bukittinggi with a total sample of 145 respondents. The collected data was analysed using SPSS. The finding indicated that the work environment had a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. It was also found that Organizational Support has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. Intrinsic motivation has a negative and significant effect on organizational commitment. Finally, the outcomes of this study confirmed that the work environment, organizational support and intrinsic motivation simultaneously influence the organizational commitment.


Just before the global crisis soaring commodity prices pushed up inflation significantly, not least in EU neighbour countries at the Mediterranean. These price shocks affected public finances in the southern Mediterranean region, notably via government subsidies. Partly due to lags in the transmission of commodity prices into prices for final users the subsidies burden continued to be felt, despite the price falls registered in the wake of the credit crisis. We show that downward price rigidities play a role. Recently, commodity price pressures have reemerged. We focus on food prices and analyse recent developments in food inflation in Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the occupied Palestinian territories, Syria and Tunisia in comparison with other middle income economies. Subsidies on food and fuel are quantified per country for the period 2002-2010. The incremental government subsidies entail an estimated deterioration of the government balances of up to more than 2% of GDP in 2008 and, for most countries only slight improvements in the global recession year 2009. Ensuing longer-term challenges for public finances remain as inflation rises on the back of higher global economic growth. As recent events in Tunisia illustrate, these can have important political implications. Finally, the paper discusses some options that can lead to more efficient government spending, even in the event of sharp swings in prices of basic necessities. 1 European Commission, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs, correspondence at firstname.lastname@example.com and email@example.com. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Mediterranean Research Meeting at the European University Institute in Florence in 2008. We thank the participants of this workshop for their comments and our colleagues Antonio de Lecea, Stylianos Dendrinos, José Eduardo Leandro, Maria Inmaculada Montero Luque, Andreas Papadopoulos and Sirpa Tulla for their input. All errors are ours. Disclaimer: The views presented are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission.


The internet has been undergoing rapid and continuous growth over the past few years. The most significant development the telecommunication industry has witnessed is the evolution of Voice over IP technology. This technology uses the internet as a medium for transmitting voice during a telephone conversation between two or more parties. VoIP technology comes with numerous benefits like reduced call cost and wide variety of add-ons to both the service providers and the end users. Despite all these, the technology is subjected to security risk because of the open nature of the internet. Much emphasis has been placed on the quality of service of VoIP over the years and dark eyes have been turned on its security. This study therefore aims to identify the security threats and attack VoIP can be exposed to during transmission, produce a VoIP system using the open source Asterisks before securing the network using IPSec VPN


ABSTRACT Romani victims of Nazi persecution and German expellees developed as distinct memory communities after 1945, but the pre-war integration of Sinti and gadje in East Prussia has left traces in their memory texts. Non-Romani texts and photos contain rare evidence for aspects of Sinti life before the genocide, much of it now available (only) on the internet. Conversely, Sinti were among the Germans who were forced to leave East Prussia after 1944, and awareness of dual trauma and nostalgia for the Heimat they shared with other Germans is apparent in their memory texts. The article explores these points of contact between the two memory communities and their implications for more solidary forms of remembering and re-visioning the region's multiethnic past.


Supply chain management (SCM) has become a strategic and competitive ''tool'' that is increasingly recognized while purchasing has now assumed an equally important strategic role in business organizations. Purchasing has evolved from a mere buying function into a strategic function. It is a critical driving force in the strategic management of supply chains. This study looks at the purchasing function through a narrative produced by a case-study of a company involved in offshore petroleum logistics services. This includes detailed event descriptions of purchasing processes and three unique quality-related episodes from this studied offshore drilling service firm including modelling information exchange, as well as information system (IS) use. The frame of reference developed is the resource-based view of the firm and from a SCM perspective, purchasing and information use in this business function. Through this single case study, uncertainty is evoked as a prime challenge of the purchasing function. Inspired by the resource-based view as well as SCM it is suggested that a focus in terms of information system development be placed on the purchaser and how this business actor is supported by information. This process of purchasing development is envisioned as incremental and continuous, involving occasional steps of radical innovation and must be embedded in a strategically enabled context.


Geophagy is the deliberate consumption of soil and clay deposits by animals, including man. During pregnancy all the nourishment needed by the developing fetus comes from the mother, either the food she eats or the supplement she may take. The geochemical and mineralogical composition of the materials which are consumed by pregnant women from Meru, Embu and Chuka open air markets were studied. The geophagic materials were subjected to standard digestion procedures and analyzed for full assay and elemental analysis for Co, Zn, Mg, Cu, Pb and Cd using Atomic absorption spectrometry and Energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in 30 geophagic samples. The mineralogical composition was investigated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The geochemical analysis revealed that the geophagic materials contain high levels of silica from 48.59 to 60.27%. Geophagic materials from Embu showed the highest concentration of Pb at 0.96 ppm. The levels of Pb in all samples exceeded the levels recommended by WHO/FAO limits of 0.01 ppm. The levels obtained for Cd in all the samples did not exceed the WHO/FAO limits of 0.003 ppm. The XRD data showed that the geophagic materials of the area consisted mainly of silica.

 Key words: Geophagy, mineralogical, mineral nutrients, geochemical.


The history of the building, construction, and collapse of states makes it possible to observe the expansion of the Empire's language and the changes that are taking place in the politics of language and education, including those in higher education. Georgia's history is a telling example of this. After the Russian Empire came to power, institutions of higher education were established, which included education in Russian as well. Moreover, writing languages were also created for the ethnic groups that made up the Georgian population (Abkhaz and Ossetians) in order to widen their influence and integration into the empire. In the Soviet time, these practices became stronger. After the collapse of the USSR, linguistic priorities in education changed, and institutions in the periphery were divided into those that stayed in the old territories with the new national curriculum and those that moved under the old names to the central locations of the former Soviet republic center (the Abkhaz University in Tbilisi and in Sukhumi).


I am saddened by comments from M Baptiste and the person who wishes to remain anonymous (Letters May 17). What a sad reflection on nursing it is when the former suggests it is unwise to raise sensitive and controversial issues because of the fear of repercussion, and the latter suggests that nurses who promote the development of nursing are likely to be ridiculed or accused of being self-promoting.


The northeastern boreal forest of Quebec is characterized by a humid climate. Consequently, fires are less frequent and small-scale disturbances play an important role in forest dynamics. Natural m...


1 million words spoken and written English from UK. POS-tagged and parsed. Digitised speech recordings aligned w text. Part of the International Corpus of English (ICE).


ABSTRACT Does sentiment impact the sovereign debt markets? This article investigates whether lagged domestic and Euro area irrational sentiment (optimism or pessimism unwarranted by fundamentals) predicts future sovereign bond spreads, in Portugal, between January 2000 and December 2013. We find that domestic and Euro area sentiment negatively forecasts total return spreads and that this effect is stronger during the bailout period. Also, we find that the business sentiment is even most noticed. Therefore, Portuguese sovereign debt market is prone to the influence of investors' sentiment.


Adsorption of nitic oxide molecules NO on the surface of structurally ordered 1, 2 and 3 monolayer thick nickel films deposited onto W(110) surface has been studied by means of reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy. The structure of nickel films at all thicknesses studied corresponds to Ni(111) crystal. The IR spectra of NO molecules adsorbed on a 3 monolayer Ni film correspond to those of NO on bulk Ni(111) crystal. At lower film thickness there are differences more pronounced for a monolayer film. This is due to additional effect of underlying W(110) support upon the intramolecular NO bond, and/or to some distortion of (111) structure of monolayer film, compared to bulk Ni(111), because of potential relief of the substrate and, consequently, change of adsorption geometry and electron state of NO molecules.


As a consequence of the strong ground motions recorded during the Kobe and Northridge Earthquakes, stronger design earthquakes are now controlling the seismic design of important structures. These stronger earthquakes include the effects of near-field pulses, fault-normal motions, and near-field deep soil site motions. It is costly to design structures to withstand these strong earthquake motions using a conventional strength approach. For non-isolated structures, structural frame drift and force demands can exceed 10 to 20 times the structure's elastic capacity, risking major structural damage. For isolated structures, the seismic isolation bearings need to have displacement capacities and isolator periods which exceed those of the typical isolation bearings used in the past.


The pultruded Fiber Reinforced Polymer (PFRP) material manufactured by the "pultrusion" process has many applications in the construction industry. However, the production process involves several difficult-to-control stages, which can lead to material defects. This paper proposes a method to determine the local buckling resistance of FRP composite I column having material imperfection on the flanges and web. The research has shown that the buckling load determined in nonlinear buckling analysis is 15.5% higher than that obtained from eigenvalue solution (linear perturbation analysis). In addition, the post-buckling resistance of the column is 66.4% higher compared to the local buckling load. The author suggests that this modelling and determination method be widely applied to PFRP structures when studying the instability of columns or beams under various loadings and boundary conditions and different combinations of defects.


To the Editor: Last year we reported finding Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in smooth-muscle–tumor cells in leiomyosarcoma tissues from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).1 This ...


This article discusses the architect's role in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) process. Its purpose is to identify the BIM competencies required by this professional and determine which skills should be taught in Architecture degree courses, especially in the teaching of architectural design. Initially, a literature review was carried out to find out the current status of the BIM implementation for Architecture, Civil Engineering, Construction and Facilities Management (AEC/FM) companies in Brazil. Then, a theoretical model was outlined for a BIM workflow that can be adapted to be used in Brazil. Based on this BIM workflow, which is divided in eight stages, the architect's role was examined, as well as the kind of skills required from this professional. Additionally, the architectural curriculum was discussed to find out in which courses BIM can be introduced and what should be included in the syllabus. This study was based on an extensive literature review, which allowed to find out what changes can be made in the teaching of architectural design with the use of BIM.


Photograph by Roger Stalley. Bell capital with dogtooth on (damaged) abacus and head carvings to left and right of shaft.


At present, the scale of the accounting firms in our country is relatively small in general, which is difficult to contend with the international competitions. Thus, in view of the development need of China's economy and industry, to realize a bigger scale and upper level of accounting firms has been put on the agenda. In that way, whether Chinese local accounting firms exist in an increasing development stage of scale effect? Whether they are suitable for large-scale development? The following parts will analyze and explain them trough cases.


The saturated water vapor pressure is an extremely important parameter in the calculation of the drying process.For the solar low-temperature drying,five formulas of saturated water vapor pressure at 30 ℃ to 100 ℃ were fitted using Matlab in this paper.Their accuracy was compared with other two widely used formulas.It show that the formulas fitted in this paper are better.


Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and decreased nitric oxide bioactivity in the vasculature. Autophagy is a critical multistep pathway that eliminates damaged proteins and organelles from the cell. Emerging evidence suggests impaired autophagy in non-vascular tissues contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes. We hypothesized that impaired autophagy contributes to endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes in humans. We measured vascular function and autophagy markers in freshly isolated endothelial cells (ECs) from patients with diabetes and non-diabetic controls. Diabetes was associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by lower brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and impaired activation of eNOS by insulin in ECs. ECs from diabetic patients had higher levels of p62 (Figure), a protein that accumulates with reduced autophagic flux. Measures of autophagy initiation including rapamycin stimulation, beclin 1 levels, and LC3 puncta were not different. Global activation of autophagy with spermidine reversed endothelial dysfunction in freshly isolated ECs from diabetic patients (Figure). In ECs from controls, inhibiting autophagy with bafilomycin impaired eNOS activation confirming that intact autophagy promotes NO signaling. Evidence from cultured endothelial cells in high glucose conditions suggested that lysosomal function is intact as measured by lysosomal number and acidification. Blocking the terminal step of autophagy with bafilomycin in ECs from diabetics led to a further accumulation of p62, suggesting intact but insufficient levels of autophagy. Lamp2a, which facilitates the merger of autophagosomes and lysosomes, was higher in diabetic cells, possibly reflecting a compensatory response to reduced flux. These findings provide evidence for inadequate autophagic flux in ECs from diabetic patients that contributes to impaired NO signaling and may be a target for therapy of diabetic vascular disease.


Time–frequency analysis theory has relatively recent developments in pure and applied mathematics. Motivated by Wong's approach, we will study, in this paper, the localization operators associated with the generalized Wigner transform. Results on the -boundedness and -compactness of these localization operators are given. The proofs are based on some estimates on the generalized hypergeometric translation operators, the generalized Wigner transform and interpolation theory.


Memory disorders and neurotransmitter deficits The prevailing theory of brain Function holds that all OF the many things the brain does are mediated by chains of neurons, connec. ted by neurotransmitter molecules released at the synaptic spaces lying between each neu ron and the next. If this view is correct, then disorders of brain function must be associa ted with disturbances involving one or more neutrotransmitters, and must at least potentially be treatable by measures designed to correct those disturbances. If a particular disorder happens to reflect pathology in a single population of neurons running From point A to point B, causing them to release inadequate amounts of neurotransmitter X at that latter point, then relatively simple chemical strategies may be successful in its tre. atment; these might involve giving compo unds which increase the amount of X that is released per unit time, or drugs that slow the processes that inactivate X by removing it from the synaptic cleft, or administering drugs that so well resemble the neurotransmitter that they directly stimulate the transmitter's post-synaptic receptors. However, if the disorder results from pathologic changes in several neuronal populations using several neurotransmitters, then such simple therapeutic strategies are much less likely to work. This is especially true i l some of the malfunctioning neurons or their transmitters remain to be identified, or if drugs are not yet available to increase their availability or mimic their actions. An example of an oftensuccessful chemical strategy is the use of Ldopa to treat Parkinson's Disease: Brains of Parkinsonim patients contain and release inadequate amounts of dopamine because a single group of dopamine-producing neurons happens to have died L-Dopa administration, by accelerating dopamine synthesis in the surviving dopaminergic neurons, somehow enables the survivors to act as surro. gates for those that are lacking. In contrast, the clinical sequelle of cerebrovascular accidents which tend to damage multiple neuronal populations have not generally been amenable to chemical therapies. If we are fortunate, it will turn out that at least some of the people exhibiting severe memory disorders also have an underlying brain disease that primarily affects a single population of brain neurons, and that the amount ofneurotransmitter released by these neurons can be influenced by chemical manipulations. Available data suggest that this might, indeed, be the case: Neurons that release acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter appear to be especially implicated in the memory disorders associated with Alzheimer's Disease, and even with those occurring as the result OF supposedlymormal aging. Several types OF evidence support this hypothesis: These include the apparentlyprefaential loss of cholinergic neurons (as indicated by reduced choline acetyltransferase activity) observed in brain biopsies or post-mortem specimens From patients with clinical histo. ries of servere memory disorders (Bowen et al. 1976, Davies & Maloney 1976, Perry et al. 1977); the amnestic syndrome produced in normal people by administering scopol.


This work investigates an acoustic fluid structure interaction formulation. It is applied to an immersed steel structure in non-flowing water. The system is discretized using 3D solid continuum and acoustic fluid finite elements. Fluid structure interactions are formulated according to Zienkiewicz's work for submerged dams. We find that the sensitivity of various approximations and problem parameters are critical to fluid structure finite element problems of this formulation. In conclusion, this formulation is found to be useful as a motion study for sample problems of all scales for which the acoustic motion is to be approximated.


This article locates authorial voice in Isabelle de Charriere by analyzing its paradoxical role in her novel Trois femmes. This novel is organized by continual breaks in narrative voice, addressee, and modes of narration: whereas the "Premiere partie" uses a male narrative voice to recounts a third-person narrative, the "Seconde partie" switches to an epistolary mode that includes multiple narrators who address a single male confidant. Finally, the story concludes with a female narrator, who takes up the storyline in a first-person confessional form. Through the use of multiple narrative lenses, Trois femmes questions the role of authority traditionally ascribed to the narrator, thereby rendering problematic the very notion of authorship. This article shows how Trois femmes permits Isabelle de Charriere an occasion to explore the different possibilities of narrative voice, and, significantly, the role that "sexual difference" plays in narrative forms of enunciation.


Solid-state luminophores operating in the near-infrared (NIR) region may have applications in sensing, communication, and medicine. We report environmentally protected solid-state NIR-emitting luminophores fabricated by embedding CdHgTe colloidal quantum dots (QDs) into a NaCl matrix, with remarkable photo- and thermal stability and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 31% in the solid state, which is among the highest reported for solid-state NIR luminophores so far. We employed this luminophore as a down-conversion layer in a NIR-light-emitting device with a stable emission at 940 nm. Carrier recombination dynamics of the CdHgTe QDs@NaCl powders are examined as a function of temperature using steady-state and transient photoluminescence spectroscopy, and characteristic parameters such as the band gap, the temperature coefficient, the Debye temperature, the activation energy of thermal quenching, and radiative and nonradiative recombination rates are derived. Temperature-dependent changes of the spectral...


This paper introduces the Proof of Opinion (PoO) consensus algorithm as an alternative to the traditional Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) algorithms. PoO is designed to address the issues of energy efficiency, decentralization, privacy protection, scalability, and incentivization that are associated with PoW and PoS. PoO relies on the collective opinion of network nodes to reach consensus, which reduces the computational and energy requirements compared to PoW and PoS. PoO can be customized to provide a greater degree of privacy protection, such as by enabling private transactions and hiding transaction details from other nodes. PoO is designed to be more scalable than PoW and PoS, as it relies on the collective opinion of nodes, which reduces the computational requirements and enables greater scalability. PoO's reputation-based approach incentivizes nodes to act honestly and perform their duties diligently, which promotes network security, stability, and better consensus decision-making. Our simulation results show that PoO can achieve comparable performance to PoW and PoS while consuming significantly less energy. PoO also provides greater decentralization, privacy protection, and scalability compared to PoW and PoS.


Generating models from large data setsand determining which subsets of data to mine is becoming increasingly automated. However choosing what data to collect in the first place requires human intuition or experience, usually supplied by a domain expert. This paper describes a new approach to machine science which demonstrates for the first time that non-domain experts can collectively formulate features, and provide values for those features such that they are predictive of some behavioral outcome of interest. This was accomplished by building a web platform in which human groups interact to both respond to questions likely to help predict a behavioral outcome and pose new questions to their peers. This results in a dynamically-growing online survey, but the result of this cooperative behavior also leads to models that can predict user's outcomes based on their responses to the user-generated survey questions.


Microbiota maintains normal mucosal immunity through complex mechanisms. To examine the role of JNK signaling pathway in microbiota-related gut immunity, we assessed the microflora in ileal lumen and mucosa, the antibacterial protein expression, and the RORγt cells of lamina propria in WT and JNK-/- mice. The bacterial counts in ileal lumen and mucosa show a significant decrease of Lacobacilli in JNK-/- mice. Moreover, JNK-/- mice demonstrated a significant decrease of RORγt cells in lamina propria and an increased translocation of Klebsiella pneumoniae to the portal vein as well as blood. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intestinal mucosa was also significantly decreased in JNK-/- mice as detected by using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Oral supplementation of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or L-NAME but not D-NAME increased the production of ROS, IL-1β, IL-23 as well as RORγt cells in intestine, and decreased the translocation of K. pneumoniae in JNK-/- mice compared to WT mice. N-Acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, treatment inhibited ROS production and reversed the effect of FOS on intestinal immunity in JNK-/- mice. Collectively, JNK pathway plays an important role in microbiota-induced intestinal immunity through the induction of ROS generation, and FOS or iNOS inhibitor increase the numbers of RORγt cells and the expression of IL-1β as well as IL-23 in JNK-/- mice through enhanced production of ROS.


The normalization of a data cube is the process of choosing an ordering for the attribute values, and the chosen ordering.Our optimized hybrid OLAP storage mechanism was observed to be 44% more storage efficient than ROLAP and the gains due to normalization alone accounted for 45% of this increase in efficiency.


The proportion of the width of the lower margin of the face and the height of the gena is proposed to sort several speciesof Homoneura Wulp in the two subgenera Euhomoneura Malloch and Homoneura where the anteriormost dc is locatedat the transverse suture of the mesonotum. One species Homoneura (Homoneura) litorea sp. nov. is described as new toscience, and two species, Homoneura (Homoneura) stackelbergiana Papp and Homoneura (Minettioides) orientis (Hen-del) are recorded from China for the first time. The former species is elevated out of synonymy from Homoneura (Homoneura) stackelbergi Czerny. The species Homoneura alini Hering is synonymized under Homoneura (Homoneura) brevicornis Kertesz. A key is presented to separate the five subgenera of Homoneura, and another key is presented to separate the Chinese species of the subgenera Euhomoneura and Minettioides Malloch.


The utility model provides a coarse digital-analog converter frame used for a voltage interpolating DAC (Digital-Analog Converter). As for a coarse resistance bunch DAC, the resistance bunch is arranged by the array of row and line; each resistor tap is connected with a switch network; furthermore, a decoder is used for selecting a switch to be closed, thus leading the component DAC voltage to come from the resistor tap of the selected switch. The voltage from each line is input to a multiplexer, wherein the multiplexer generates an output voltage. The DAC circuit interpolates an amplifier in the output voltage and the input voltage so as to extend the resolution. The disclosed method and device are used for carrying out Gray code so as to design the coarse DAC frame used for voltage interpolating; therefore, the quantity of the switches needed by the circuit is obviously reduced, further, the required surface area is reduced without increasing the design complexity, and the burr performance is improved.


The invention relates to a writing system and a sensing method thereof. The writing system comprises a first light source supply module, a second light source supply module, an image sensing device and a processing circuit, wherein the first light source supply module can provide a first light source to irradiate an object arranged on the plane, the second light source supply module can provide a second light source to irradiate the object arranged on the plane, the image sensing device can capture an image, reflected by the first light source, of the object or images, reflected by the first light source and the second light source, of the object, and the processing circuit can generate control information according to light spot information of captured images. The writing system uses the upper light source and the lower light source to irradiate the object and generate control information according to light spot information (for example, the number of the light spots) in the captured images or generate position information of the object according to the captured images. Thus, the writing system can distinguish pressing-down operation and floating operation.


Animal breeding is a strategic branch of agri-business in the Republic of Belarus, focused on solving social and economic issues and ensuring national food security. Currently, its development is innovations based, forming a high level of the country's production and export potential. In the world ranking by the end of 2020, the Republic of Belarus took the 5th place in terms of milk exports (4.8 million tons). As world experience shows, the key direction is implementation of electronic identification of animals as an accounting system in agriculture, including assigning identification number to an animal by tagging, registering information about it in a database and issuing an appropriate passport. The paper summarizes and systematizes legal, organizational and financial conditions for creation and functioning of national information systems in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Great Britain, the European Union, Canada, the Netherlands, the USA, Switzerland, and Japan. It has been determined that absence of a system for identifying the registration of farm animals leads to distortion of data on the number of livestock, and also creates obstacles for selection work and livestock breeding, decreases efficiency of antiepizootic measures, and inhibits international trade in animals and animal products. In development of this, the necessity of this process in the Republic of Belarus, feasibility of creating the state information system "AITS" (SIS AITS) and corresponding management structure – SI "Center for information systems in animal husbandry" are substantiated. With Gomel region as an example, peculiarities of planning and implementation of process of identification and registration of farm animals are disclosed, the main indicators of the efficiency of SIS AITS for 2013–2020 are analyzed. The advantages of commodity producers of the Republic of Belarus in the context of strengthening production and marketing and export potential and reducing risks in the domestic and foreign markets are substantiated. The issues presented in the article are of interest in determining measures for implementation of the State Program "Agrarian Business" for 2021-2025 and a strategy for the export of agricultural products and food products for the period up to 2025.


The overall dimensions of the shopping centre are 302.0 · 115.5 m, the area being divided by column doubling into four expansion fields. The shopping centre is usually a ground floor plus one storey. On the slab above floor level 1 there is a parking and engine rooms with steel structure. The section between axes A 27-29/A-E is a ground floor plus three-storey building part. Grid sizes and structural dimensions can already be regarded as standard with ECE. The basic grid is 10.00 · 8.25 m. The only deviation is the grid of the cross-mall which is sized 12.00 · 8.25 m. In case of the longitudinal mall the 10.00 · 16.50 m size is made up of the intertwining of two grids. Next to axis A, along the staircases and engine rooms the 8.25 m


The goal of this study is to research on pedestrians of mid-block crosswalks controlled by push-button signal. According to the psychological analysis of the crossing pedestrians under the push-button signal, it was found that crossing psychology of pedestrians under this mode is different from the fixed-time and no signal mode. Data were collected from one typical mid-block crosswalk controlled by push-button signal. Analysis on the data showed that the demand of pedestrians when crossing the street from time and space is different. The statistics theory was used to get the arrival law of pedestrian. It demonstrated that the arrival law obeyed the negative binomial distribution. Based on the survey, we knew that pedestrian speed varied with the different time of pedestrian green lights. After analysis on the signal timing of the investigated crosswalk, we knew that the timing had great impacts on pedestrians' behavior.


A new criterion and a potentiostatic method were carried out in order to define the electrochemically stable potential window (ESPW) of symmetric activated carbon electrodes cell, for capacitive ionization application in water solution with different concentration of NaCl salt. Moreover, the effect of thermal treatment of the activated carbon on the specific capacitance was investigated. The specific capacitance of activated carbon treated at 450°C present an important increase of specific capacity of 42 F g−1compared with untreated activated carbon.


The dispersion relation and the wave polarisation coefficients of the electromagnetic waves in the ionospheric plasma have been obtained by considering the magnetic declination. If the magnetic declination is taken into account, the polarisation coefficients have real and imaginary parts. It is pointed out that the peculiarity of the real parts of the wave polarisation coefficients become more obvious in the vicinity of the frequency ω(= ωpe + ωpi) in the ionospheric plasma, while has no effect on the imaginary parts. This result is different from as in the absence of the magnetic declination.


The effect of boric acid applied on-line and via crevice flushing was evaluated in this program as a remedial action for intergranular attack on mill annealed Alloy 600 steam generator tubing in tubesheet and support plate crevices. Single tube model boilers were used to simulate the full length of a steam generator tubesheet crevice and the support plate crevices at hot leg conditions. The tubesheet crevices had preloaded inventories of 10% sodium hydroxide/2.5% sodium sulfate solution. All of the crevices were exposed to on-line additions of 0.1 ppM hydroxide and 0.04 ppM sulfate as the sodium salts. These baseline conditions caused pre-existing IGA beneath eccentrically mounted support plates to increase in depth at a rate of 2.40 ..mu..m/day. In the tubesheet crevices the pre-existing IGA increased in depth at a rate of 1.6 ..mu..m/day. The virgin mill annealed tubing in the tubesheet crevice developed IGA at a rate of 0.73 ..mu..m/day during the final 60 days of the 90 day test. The first 30 days were an incubation period during which no IGA occurred. The results of this work suggest that boric acid can inhibit IGA on unattacked tubing when applied continuously at the field specifiation of 5 to 10 more » ppM in the blowdown. It can also slow down propagation of pre-existing IGA if present in the proper ratio (which requires adequate treatment levels) and if it can access the corrosion sites. Corrosion may progress in areas where boric acid is not able to penetrate in sufficient excess to the corrodent present. 10 refs., 85 figs., 39 tabs. « less


This paper briefly introduces the idea of artificial intelligence and integration control of Multi-intelligence, aiming at the deficiency of various arithmetic of elevator group control recently. It accords dynamic random require of elevator user, and can recognize and forecast intelligently traffic pattern in order to greatly reduce waiting elevator time of user and energy consumption.This paper also designs program to simulate the dispatching measures of elevators.


19-year-old identical twins presented with neuralgic amyotrophy within a few months of each other. EMG and serratus magnus biopsy indicated a neurogenic affection. The two patients had an almost identical EEG. Hypermobility of the joints and hyperelasticity of the skin led to the diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. The pedigree suggested an autosomal dominant inheritance.


Ergonomics has traditionally been used to improve the workers' performance by discovering the factors that contribute to their performance. Many organizations are
forced to consider effects of environmental factors towards their workers� performance in terms of safety and efficiency. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of humidity on the operators� productivity and performance in the Malaysian
automotive industry. One automotive components assembly factory was chosen as the sources of subjects of the study. The subjects were the workers in the assembly section of the factory. The examined parameters were the relative humidity (%) of the surrounding workstation area. Two sets of representative data consisting of the relative humidity (%) and production rate were collected during the study. The production rate data were collected through observations and survey questionnaires, while the relative humidity (%) was measured using thermal comfort multi-station (TCM) equipment.Linear regression analysis was performed to obtain the relationship between the effects of relative humidity (%) on worker productivity and performance. The linear regression analysis further revealed a linear model with a positive slope between relative humidity (%) and worker productivity for the assembly section involved. The obtained relationship was Y = 2.79 X � 46.1


Although microorganisms such as bacteria are known to be present colonizing chronic wounds and are responsible for infections, little is known about the virulence factors of wound pathogens and how they impact on wound infection. With reference to our understanding of these mechanisms in other infected tissues it is possible to extrapolate their function to wound infection. Factors such as biofilm formation, endotoxins and exotoxins, quorum sensing and synergy all play their part in the bacterial colonization of wounds and the development of wound infection.


Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS) on chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. Methods 360 cases (663 sides) were included in this study, who were treated from 1996 to 2000 and followed up for 6 months to 2 years. Results The curative rate was 73. 15% and the total effective rate was 91. 85%. among these patients. For these cases with various types of chronic sinusitis, the curative rate was 92. 53% for those with type I lesion, 67. 92% for ones with type I lesion and 44. 44% for type I , with a declining tendency in the curative rates for different types of chronic sinusitis. Conclusions ESS is an effective procedure for the treatment of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. However, the therapeutic effects were closely related with the clinical types of lesion. Appropriate treatment to the diseased middle turbinate and deviated nasal septum during the period of surgery and effective combined treatment after operation are very important to the long-term therapeutic effects of ESS on these lesions.


The novel complex [μ-(NC)-Fe(CN) 3 (NO)-μ-(CN)-Cu(ept)] n ·4 n H 2 O (ept = N -(2-aminoethyl)- propane-1,3-diamine) was obtained by the reaction of Cu(ClO 4 ) 2 ·6H 2 O with N -(2-amino- ethyl)propane-1,3-diamine and Na 2 [Fe(CN) 5 NO]·2H 2 O in water. This compound was characterized by IR, UV-VIS and EPR spectroscopies and magnetic measurement. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that the title complex has a one-dimensional polymeric structure containing hexacoordinate iron(II) with five cyanide ligands (two of them, in trans position, bridging) and one nitrosyl group, and pentacoordinate copper(II) with N -(2-aminoethyl)propane-1,3-diamine and two sites occupied by bridging cyanide ligands. Magnetic investigation revealed a very weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the copper atoms (superexchange interaction parameter J = -1.7(1) cm -1 ; H = - JS i S i +1 ) within the chain through the diamagnetic [Fe(CN) 5 NO] 2- ions.


Standardization is concerned with interfaces; industry is concerned with systems. This papers brings the evidence brought by the MPEG standardization group to show how, through the proper management of interface evolution, the constituent industries have been able to achieve product and service interoperability, room for differentiation, and opportunities for innovation in the context of the tectonics shift also known as convergence.


In a grounded theory study, the literature review is delayed until the theory begins to emerge, it is then used as data. This paper will utilise my own research, a grounded theory study of transition to staff nurse as a process of disrupted continuity, to explore some of the issues stemming from this maxim. It starts by considering the debate around the delayed literature review, before illustrating the use of literature as data. In relation to this process, I have coined the terms deductive and inductive theoretical sensitivity and explain these by example. The ongoing vigilance needed to prevent use of literature becoming a distorting influence will be examined by describing the emergence of my core category. Grounded theory has been criticised for ignoring existing theories and failure to integrate the emergent theory with existing knowledge. This criticism is addressed by use of a priori theory and paradigm cases from my data set. Finally, I reverse the first issue by discussing how knowledge of emergent theory can both legitimately shape and unavoidably bias the literature review.


Extracting, recognizing and predicting human actions from image information plays an essential part in the fields of human intention understanding, behavior emergency avoidance and automatic driving. In recent years, with deep learing method developing rapidly, the methods of behavior detection and intention understanding for human actions are also glowing with new vitality. In this paper, based on spatial-temporal synchronous graph convolution network and multi-head self-attention mechanism, a new method of human skeleton action recognition and prediction is proposed. By extracting the spatial features of short-term time series at the same time, we can predict the long-term time series actions, and also we have achieved satisfactory experimental results. Our experiment is based on Human3.6M dataset for training and testing. At the end of the paper, we put forward the limitations of the current research and some future research directions.


Abstract A principle of maximum energy dissipation rate has been proposed for microbranching in dynamic crack growth. During dynamic growth, cracks propagate in such configurations, as to lead maximum energy dissipation per unit of time. A model for 2D dynamic crack microbranching is presented by employing time‐domain dual boundary element method (TDBEM). In this model, the objective function is the negative sum of the length of crack growth in each time step, and constraint conditions are that dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) of all growing cracks reach a critical value. Sequential quadratic programming is adopted to solve this optimization problem. In order to reduce the error of numerical integration and keep the system stabler, a special method is developed to deal with the weakly singular integration in TDBEM. The comparison of computational and experimental results shows that the principle of maximum energy dissipation rate in crack microbranching is reasonable to interpret some phenomena of dynamic crack growth in brittle materials.


This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and application of ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone in treating sepsis. A retrospective study was conducted in Nishtar Medical Hospital from 5th July 2021 to 5th July 2022. It included 80 patients divided into Group A and Group B, with 40 patients each. In Group A, patients were included who were administered dexamethasone monotherapy. In Group B, 40 patients were administered ulinastatin combined with dexamethasone. Adverse effects, treatment efficacy and a related score of both groups were analyzed. Serum inflammatory factors were measured using ELISA. After the treatment,  APACHE II scores were 17.43±5.33 and 12.48±2.42 in Groups A and B, respectively. Similarly, SOFA scores were 7.78±2.43 and 5.28±1.32 points, respectively. The adverse effects were in 13 (32.5%) patients in Group A and in 4 (10%) patients in Group B. from the results of current analysis it can be concluded that a combination of Ulinastatin and dexamethasone effectively treats sepsis


A catalytic method affording seven-membered carbon rings via the two-carbon expansion of five-membered β-ketoesters has been developed. The method tolerates various alkynyl 1,2-diketones, common ynones, and alkynyl ketoesters, and affords...


For this paper the term primordial oxygen is used to signify oxygen that has been present for almost the entirety of the star's evolution. The case stands, the oxygen found on the Earth is leftover oxygen from the Earth's much hotter, younger states of evolution. The vast majority of the oxygen on the Earth did not come from the Sun. It was always on the Earth as it evolved, long before the Sun even existed. All the elements are important for planetary evolution, and oxygen is a major one.


In this paper, the development process of one project on Multimedia Teaching software was systematically introduced. Two basic applied softwares, CAI and FoxPro which are developed by the Fundamentas' Teaching Research Office of Chengdu University were introduced


SUMMARY 1. We used a combination of field surveys and field and laboratory experiments to examine the effects of predatory small-mouthed salamander larvae, Ambystoma barbouri (Kraus and Petranka), on the density and microhabitat use of benthic isopods, Lirceus fontinalis (Rafinesque).

2. A survey of four field stations yielded a significant negative relationship between the densities of salamander larvae and isopods.

3. A field experimental manipulation of salamander density confirmed that salamanders reduce isopod density and isopod use of open micro-habitat. Salamanders did not significantly affect the mean or coefficient of variation in isopod size.

4. A laboratory experiment showed that in the absence of refuges for isopods, salamanders were capable of eating large numbers of isopods; small isopods were particularly vulnerable to salamander predation.


Microsporidia are intracellular opportunistic parasites that cause chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. Little is known about the prevalence of these pathogens in pediatric cases with cancer and diarrhea. Unidentified causes of chronic diarrhea were previously encountered in pediatric cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute in Egypt. Therefore, this study tried to search for the contribution of microsporidia as a causative agent of diarrhea in this population using acid-fast trichrome stain as a specific staining and the PCR in order to evaluate the staining technique in clinical diagnosis of microsporidia. Between January 2008 and June 2009, 271 diarrheic samples from pediatric patients with cancer were studied. Microsporidia were confirmed in 13 (4.8%) cases by both PCR and staining, and additional 2 samples were positive only by staining. As a negative control, stool samples from 60 diarrheic children without malignant cancer and no microsporidia detection were examined by these two methods. So, it can be concluded that adding a diagnostic test for microsporidia to the clinical laboratory work in hospitals concerned with cancer is essential. Acid fast trichrome staining technique as being nearly efficacious as the PCR, but simpler and less expensive, can replace the molecular techniques for the diagnosis of microsporidia.


Objective To explore the clinical new ways to repair the soft tissue defect of upper lip.Methods The soft tissue defect of upper lip caused by various reason were repaired with the buccal region of nasolabial groove flap.The size of flap was designed based on the range of soft tissue defect and located in the buccal region along nasolabial groove.The maximum scale of flaps between the length and width were 2∶1 and slit to the SMAS layer.The soft tissue defect of upper lip was repaired by direct vicinity aversion of the flap.The wound after the flap diversion was direct sut in favour of propulsion of the flap and relief the tension of flap pedicle.Results The flaps completely survived in 15 cases without obviously scar accrementition.The cosmetic result were satisfactory.Conclusion The buccal region of nasolabial groove flap is characterized by simple designation,easy dissection,reliable blood supply with the vascular net of fascia without well-known blood vessel damaged and repaired by direct vicinity aversion.Therefore,it is an ideal new method to repair the soft tissue defect of upper lip.


Shikimic acid( 3,4,5-trihydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid,SA) is an important chiral compound used as a key chemical building block for the antiviral drug Oseltamivir( Tamiflu),which is employed in the treatment and prophylaxis of both influenza A and influenza B viruses. In our previous study,SA accumulation in recombinant E. coli in glycerol cultures was higher than that in other cultures,suggesting that glycerol metabolic pathway was important for the biosynthesis of shikimic acid. Glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase are key enzymes in glycerol metabolism of E. coli,which are important in the biosynthesis of shikimic acid. Gene glpD and glpK,1. 5 kb,were amplified from genomic DNA of E. coli DH5α,and were cloned into vector pET-3b to construct the expression vector pET-3b-glpK-glpD,which was transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) to form an engineered strain of E. coli BL21( DE3)-pET-3b-glpD-glpK. SDS-PAGE was used for protein expression analysis. The data showed that the recombinant vector pET-3b-glpD-glpK was constructed successfully and GlpD and GlpK were overexpressed at 55 ku in SDS-PAGE.Meanwhile,the glycerol consumption in recombinant E. coli BL21( DE3)-pET3b-glpD-glpK was 16% increased over the parental strain and the shikimic acid accumulation in recombinant E. coli BL21( DE3)-pET3b-glpD-glpK was 3.5-fold higher than that of the parental strain.


The Information Technology industry in Brazil in recent years was forced to change because of the new market demands. The purpose of this article is to analyze theoretically the Brazilian IT industry under the theoretical perspective of Institutional Theory and Strategic Capacity as inducers of Organizational Competitive Advantage oriented innovation environments. The high cost of labor due to the lack of qualified professionals and the lack of greater incentives for innovation by governments result in the need to understand the political/economic context that Brazil is inserted, in addition, to identify which strategic actions must be taken to ensure competitive advantages the Brazilian IT industry. The survey results indicate that the effective use of strategic resources by enterprises may represent key factors for their best performance in a dynamic and innovative market.


«The complex interaction investigation and teaching in the contradictory European university frame. The case of de Sociology of the Intercultural Education». Sociology of Intercultural Education must be a space to back up research and teaching (European projects «Telling Europe» and «Teaching and Diversity»). The debate is open on the concept of culture and the relations between diverse cultural groups; between the tendencies towards assimilation, to relativism or the melting-pot. The adjectival use of «Intercultural» implies a complex dialogue, and sometimes with contradictions, on the values and norms in the social interactions of people; and on the search for integration, coexistence and social cohesion. For this reason, we must conjugate the universal and the individual within the framework, emphasizing the importance of the cultural diversity of interculturality. In this sense, the articulated model of research and teaching presented through Sociology of Intercultural Education, allows for advance in the criteria of the European Space of Higher Education, in the framework of a critical analysis of the process of Bologna.


The data wiping is a technique which perfectly deletes data in a storage to prevent data recovery. Currently, management of stored data is important because of increasing an accident of personal information leakage. Especially, if you need to discard data contained personal information, using a wiping tool which permanently deletes data to prevent unnecessary personal information leakage. The data wiping is also used for data security and privacy protection. However the data wiping can be used intentionally destruction of evidence. This intentionally destruction of evidence is important clues of forensic investigation. This paper demonstrates the methods for detecting the usage of wiping tools in digital forensic investigation.


Neuroinflammatory lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) are characterized by the presence of leukocytes, mainly monocytes/macrophages, derived from the systemic compartment. We believe CC inflammatory chemokine receptors (CkRs), CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 are prerequisite for controlling the migration of monocytes/macrophages into inflammatory foci. The role of fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor CX3CR1 in the CNS is more unclear, but their expression pattern suggests a role in neuron-microglia interaction. Chronic rat model for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteininduced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE), was employed here to determine the role of these CkRs during neuroinflammation. In situ hybridization histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry (ISH/IHC) demonstrated high-level of CCR1/CCR5, and moderate-level of CCR2 mRNA expression on mononuclear phagocytes (ED1 GSA/B4) correlated with active demyelination. Expression of CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was substantially reduced during clinical remission. CX3CR1 displayed a low constitutive expression on microglia on the basis of their cellular morphology and positive lectin staining. There was a notably increased density of CX3CR1 mRNA expressing cells within the inflammatory areas, especially during the acute and relapse phase of the perivascular and submeningeal lesions. CCR1 and CX3CR1 were also found to be differentially expressed at the protein level on monocyte/ microglia populations by flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes extracted from the inflamed CNS tissue, confirming nonoverlapping expression. CkR s ligands, MIP-1α (CCL3) and RANTES (CCL5), were found abundantly expressed in neuroinflammatory lesions, but not in the healthy CNS. There was a neuronal expression of CX3CL1 throughout the CNS at all time points examined (constitutive expression), with induced expression on astrocytes within inflammatory lesions. A low-molecular weight CCR1 selective antagonist was able to potently abrogate both clinical and histopathological signs of the disease during the effector stage of EAE without any signs of peripheral immune compromise. The antagonist also reduced the severity of ongoing disease when given after clinical onset of disease. In conclusion, the thesis shed light on some of CkRs and provide new information about mechanisms controlling their mRNA expression during neuroinflammation. Because this research carries potential medical implications, detailed knowledge of the roles of specific CkRs and ligands in the CNS in health and in disease and identifying their cellular phenotypes could be of use in the identification of disease mechanisms, and enabling more specific future therapeutic interventions. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS This thesis is based on the following papers, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals. I. Dan Sunnemark, Sana Eltayeb, Erik Wallstrom, Lena Appelsved, Asa Malmberg, Hans Lassmann, Anders Ericsson-Dahlstrand, Fredrik Piehl, Tomas Olsson. Differential Expression of the Chemokine Receptors CX3CR1 and CCR1 by Microglia and Macrophages in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Brain Pathol. 2003, 13:617-29. II. Dan Sunnemark*, Sana Eltayeb*, Maria Nilsson, Erik Wallstrom, Hans Lassmann, Tomas Olsson, Anna-Lena Berg and Anders Ericsson-Dahlstrand. CX3CL1 (fractalkine) and CX3CR1 expression in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: kinetics and cellular origin. J Neuroinflammation. 2005, 2:17. III. Sana Eltayeb, Anna-Lena Berg, Hans Lassmann, Maria Nilsson, Erik Wallstrom, Tomas Olsson, Anders Ericsson-Dahlstrand and Dan Sunnemark. Temporal expression and cellular origin of CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 in the central nervous system: insight into mechanisms of MOG-induced EAE. J Neuroinflammation. 2007, 4:14. IV. Sana Eltayeb*, Dan Sunnemark*, Anna-Lena Berg, Gunnar Nordvall, Asa Malmberg, Hans Lassmann, Erik Wallstrom, Tomas Olsson, Anders Ericsson-Dahlstrand. Effector stage CC chemokine receptor-1 selective antagonism reduces multiple sclerosis-like rat disease. J Neuroimmunol. 2003, 142:75-85. *Contributed equally to the work. Copyright holders are acknowledged for permission to reproduce the published articles in this thesis


We examined the effectiveness of masking therapy for tinnitus by measuring the residual inhibition (RI) induced by acoustic stimuli from a commercial music synthesizer, as well as by pure tone and band noise. A personal computer was used to control the music synthesizer. Parameters concerning RI analyzed were masking loudness, masking instrument (sound generator) and duration of RI after repetition. The music synthesizer was the most effective sound source for masking, except in patients who showed fatigue of masking by repetition test. Masker therapy was effective in 47% of the patients with tinnitus caused by various kinds of ear disease. Tinnitus with a small minimum masking level and with long RI was inhibited effectively by masking therapy. Side effects of masking therapy, noted in 20% of the patients were increase of tinnitus, hearing impairment and headache.


Design thinking is a catalyst that uncovers innovations. From realistic products, services, and business models, it seeks a creative approach to defining challenges and problem solving. This paper follows the documentation process behind an international group of faculty and students who embarked on a brand new learning experience. With collaborations through faculty expertise and student's hard work, they developed a process based on the design-thinking framework in a design-centric business model. Some viable strategies, techniques, and valuable learning outcomes will be shared in this paper.


The study was part of a larger project concerning the relationships between culture, climate and the experiences of nursing personnel and patients in different care settings. In the first phase of the project, methods and instruments for studying the central variables were developed and tested, and preliminary relationships between variables were investigated. The purpose of this part of the study was to investigate aspects of organizational and care culture by developing and pre-testing an instrument. The instrument, the Proverb Scale, consisted of two parts. The first part was a Likert type scale consisting of 60 proverbs. In the second part the respondents were asked to choose five proverbs that best described their work unit. The study was conducted at an administrative unit at a health care college and at a geriatric hospital. The results showed many similarities between the two samples with respect to the Likert scale part of the instrument. There were more differences between the samples with respect to the five best descriptions. In the sample consisting of administrators there were more differences between the Likert part and the best description part than in sample consisting of geriatric nursing personnel. Many of the proverbs were not understood by the respondents. The conclusions were that the Proverb Scale is worth developing further. However, it has to be condensed, the instructions need further considerations, and it needs further validating in larger samples from different types of contexts.


Papillomatosis or warts are benign proliferative tumor affecting almost all species of animal including man throughout the world. Bovine papillomatosis is a contagious disease of cattle as warts/papilloma on skin and mucosa, caused by bovine papilloma viruses (BPV) (Tokura and Kagawa, 1995). In cattle BPV affecting all parts of the body mainly necks, skin of eye lids, teats and lower abdomen. Calves are more susceptible to cutaneous papillomatosis while lactating dairy cows may occasionally suffer from teat papillomatosis. The papillomas are benign tumors and generally regress, but occasionally persist and provide the focus for malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in the presence of environmental co-factors (Campo, 1997). Generally treatment with lithium antimony tartarate, bismuth preparation and removable by traction or ligation recovery was very poor and recurrence is possible (Radostits et al., 1994).


Obesity has become a matter of quality to health care administrators. Today there are more obese people in the U.S. than ever before. A diet high in fat combined with a sedentary lifestyle has led many Americans to increase their weight to shocking proportions. The Centers for Disease Control report that 34.2% of Americans over 20 are overweight, 33.8% are obese, and 5.7% are extremely obese. Administrators and health care leaders need to care about these numbers as health care dollars spent on treating the complications associated with obesity rise every year and contribute to lost dollars in terms of repeated admissions for complications associated with obesity. The National Guideline Clearinghouse has developed performance indicators for obesity education upon discharge from inpatient settings. By coming up with innovative strategies for combatting obesity, administrators can contribute to the decrease of a world-wide epidemic.


446Background: Pre-operative kidney volume is an independent predictor of glomerular filtration rate in renal cell carcinoma patients. Compensatory renal growth (CRG) can ensue prior to nephrectomy in parallel to tumor growth and benign parenchyma loss. We aimed to test whether renal metabolite abundances significantly associate with CRG, suggesting a causative relationship. Methods: Tissue metabolomics data from 49 patients, with a median age of 60 years, were previously collected and the pre-operative fold-change of their contra to ipsi-lateral benign kidney volume served as a surrogate for their CRG. Contra-lateral kidney volume fold-change within a 3.3 +/- 2.1 years follow-up interval was used as a surrogate for long-term CRG. Using a multivariable statistical model we identified metabolites whose abundances significantly associate with CRG. Results: We identified 13 metabolites in the benign (e.g. L-urobilin) and 163 metabolites in the malignant (e.g. 3-indoxyl-sulfate) tissues to significantly assoc...


Metal-on-metal (MOM) retrieval studies have demonstrated that CoCr bearings used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and resurfacing (RSA) featured stripe wear damage on heads, likely created by rim impact with CoCr cups.1-3 Such subluxation damage may release quantities of large CoCr particles that would provoke aggressive 3rd-body wear. With RSA, the natural femoral neck reduces the head-neck ratio but avoids risk of metal-to-metal impingement (Fig. 1).4 For this study, twelve retrieved RSA were compared to 12 THA (Table 1), evaluating, (i) patterns of habitual wear, (ii) stripe-wear damage and (iii) 3rd-body abrasive scratches. Considering RSA have head/neck ratios much lower than large-diameter THA, any impingement damage should be uniquely positioned on the heads.Twelve RSA and THA retrievals were selected with respect to similar diameter range and vendors with follow-up ranging typically 1–6 years (Table 1). Patterns of habitual wear were mapped to determine position in vivo. Stripe damage was mapped at...


The concept of dynamic space allocation has attracted increasing interest lately due to the advent of connectivity and autonomous era. Modern cities are trying to transcend the limits of "traditional'' static urban design and utilize systems that dynamically allocate street space according to the prevailing conditions. The development of Dynamic Lane Reversal (DLR) schemes is one of the most popular ways being investigated towards this goal. Most DLR schemes found in the literature are computationally intensive and hard to implement in large scale real-life scenarios and ignore the microscopic idiosyncrasies of lane reversals. In this paper, a reinforcement learning scheme is developed that learns when to perform a lane reversal on an artificial intersection. The algorithm is trained in a base scenario within SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility) microscopic simulation and then tested in different demand patterns, proving its excellent transferability. Finally, the results indicate that the proposed scheme leads to reducing the average trip duration (up to 19.9% - depending on the demand scenario) and the greenhouse gas emissions of the intersection (up to 15.10% for CO2).


The first drilling hole of the Wenchuan earthquake fault science drilling project(WFSD-1) experienced up to more than 30 meters of the fault gouge drilling process.According to the research and application,the drilling mud system with high density,low water loss,low permeability,lubrication and resistance reducing was formed,and together with the equilibration by ground stress,coring in fault gouge was successfully made,which was the basis of the successful completion of the first hole construction in the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling.


(57) Abstract: a matrix comprising a heterologous polypeptide fused to a first filamentous phage coat protein membrane anchor, heterodimeric receptor comprising a first receptor polypeptide and a second receptor polypeptide (of the receptor polypeptide one describes a filamentous phage comprising a second is fused to a filamentous phage coat protein membrane anchor). Furthermore, a heterodimeric receptor tethered, a heterologous polypeptide dimer (in this case, the first subunit of the dimer is fused to the outer shells protein membrane anchor and a second subunit soluble heteromeric receptor dimer in a) a filamentous phage which express and have been described.


A manual designed to help individuals, organizations, and communities bring together people from diverse backgrounds to work on issues of mutual interest. Based on diversity training workshops piloted in Faribault, Minnesota.


Purpose This paper extends and develops pre-existing "general" models of donor behaviour in order to create a fresh model useful for charities concerned with mental disability. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive list of variables
 with the potential to influence donors' behaviour relating to mental disability charities was assembled and then shortened via a random forest regression. Critical variables emerging from the regression were used to construct and test a model designed to predict donors' willingness to give
 to a mental disability charity. Findings Certain variables commonly found in general models of giving (e.g., altruism, self-congruence) plus some variables specific to mental disability (e.g., stigmatic stereotyping, "protest" advertising) significantly affected
 willingness to donate. Research limitations/implications The study employed random forest regression to identify "important" variables. Alternative approaches might have revealed relevant variables not covered by the present study. Donation intention rather than
 actual giving was examined. Practical implications Mental disability charities need to frame their fundraising appeals in particular ways. "Protest" messages, social norms and self-congruity should be emphasised in campaigns. Social implications
 Effective fundraising undertaken by the UK's (numerous) mental disability charities will generate the funds necessary for charities of this type to expand and improve their services to beneficiaries. Originality/value The research presents a fundraising model specifically
 relevant to mental disability. It contributes to knowledge vis-à-vis fundraising for unpopular causes and lays down a framework for future research.


When I turned 40, my husband staged a surprise party for me. I'll never forget my emotion as I entered the restaurant and saw loving friends amid flowers and music and a large display of photographs that spanned my life. I hurried from one table to the next, greeting each guest. Then suddenly at the rear of theroom I spotted a gentle, smiling man with snow-white hair and a vibrant blue-eye dwoman on his arm.


Cyclodextrins (CD's) are closed-ring structures having six or more glucose units joined by means of α-1, 4 glucosidic bonds. They are synthesized enzymatically by Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferases (CGTase; EC 188.8.131.52) that convert starch into cyclodextrins. CD's have a variety of applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. In this study we have reported enzymatic synthesis of b- CD from CGTase produced by alkaliphilic Bacillus licheniformis isolated from Lonar lake, India. Keywords: b -cyclodextrin, CGTase, Bacillus licheniformis, alkaliphilic, Lonar lake


The extensible markup language (XML), which has emerged as a standard for structuring documents, notably for World Wide Web is of great interest to the bioinformatics research community. Biological sequences that are stored in different databanks require standard software computational tools for sequence identifications, structural analysis and visualization. Recently bioinformatics applications make use of XML technology due to its flexibility, durability, data modeling capability, data interoperability and open framework possibility for defining standards. The traditional architectures available in literature are lagging in terms of standard formats for biological data integration. This work describes the features and limitations of those architectures and investigates the need for a remodeled architecture in terms of using technologies such as extensible style sheet languages (XSL), XSL translators (XSLT), document object model (DOM) and application program interface (API). The proposed architecture is intended to extract and handle the biological data from the different databanks.


In this contribution, a stability analysis for a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) connected to a weak ac system containing a dynamic load is presented using continuation techniques and bifurcation theory. The system dynamics are explored through the continuation of periodic solutions of the associated dynamic equations. The switching process in the DVR converter is taken into account to trace the stability regions through a suitable mathematical representation of the DVR converter. The stability regions in the Thevenin equivalent plane are computed. In addition, the stability regions in the control gains space, as well as the contour lines for different Floquet multipliers, are computed. Besides, the DVR converter model employed in this contribution avoids the necessity of developing very complicated iterative map approaches as in the conventional bifurcation analysis of converters. The continuation method and the DVR model can take into account dynamics and nonlinear loads and any network topology since the analysis is carried out directly from the state space equations. The bifurcation approach is shown to be both computationally efficient and robust, since it eliminates the need for numerically critical and long‐lasting transient simulations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


large scale Cu-Au deposits along its western margin, among which the Lala deposit is the most significant one. This deposit is typical of iron-oxide-Cu-Au-(U-REE) deposit, which was before categorized as VHMS type (Hou et al., 2001). The host rocks of the deposits are Proterozoic metamorphic basement, named the Hekou Group, which is composed of meta-volcanic and meta-sedimentary rocks (1725-1712Ma) (Chen et al., 1992). The metavolcanics mainly consist of spilite keratophyre, garnet-biotite schist and albitites. The metasedimentary rocks are composed by quartzite, mica-schist and marble. The LaLa deposit contains a resource of about 200 Mt, including 0.92 % Cu, 0.026 % Mo, 0.02 % Co, 0.25 % Re2O3, 49 ppm Au and 1.89 ppm Ag. The host rocks of the ore mainly are albitite and garnet-biotite schist. Three types of alteration assemblages are associated with the Cu-Au-Mo-U-REE mineralization: Stage1, magnetite (I) + REE bearing apatite ± pyrrhotite; Stage 2, chalcopyrite (I) + magnetite (II) + molybdenite + purple fluorite + ankerite ± pyrite ± cobaltite ± quartz ± biotite (II) ± garnet (II) ± sericite; Stage3, dolomite/calcite + chalcopyrite ± white fluorite ± quartz. Significant Cu-Au-Mo mineralization is associated with the relatively oxidized and lower temperature stage. Temperatures of this stage are 250 ~ 330oC. The element association of the deposits is Cu-Mo-Co-Au-Ag-UREEmagnetite. Stage I is characterized by enrich in REE. Apatitebearing REE and a few allanite were formed in this stage. Some purple flourits and rare monazite and bastnasite were formed in stage II. The purple fluorite is usually rich in REE, whereas the white flourites is poor in REE. REE-bearing apatite is the most important REE mineral in Lala. The content of REE-bearing apatite in the ore is 3~11%. It occures as euhedral to subhedron crystrals with sizes of 0.1~10 mm. Most of the apatite contains a lot of inclusions of monazite and other REE minerals orientated along C axis. They are riched in REE (Fig.1) and probably formed by metamorphism.


The Fresnel diffraction of a 0-π phase grating under chirped femtosecond laser pulse illumination is analyzed.By choosing special structure of the phase grating,the diffraction light mainly contains ±1 order components.±1 order diffraction components are extracted,and these two light beams are directed to interfere in the far region via two mirrors.The intensity distribution of the interference stripes is influenced by the chirp parameter of the femtosecond pulse when the width of the pulse is fixed.By detecting the interference stripe intensity,the chirp parameter of the femtosecond pulse can be measured indirectly.


The goal of the submitted thesis "Precautionary principle in accounting" is to analyze its application in selected company. The first part of the thesis is focused on the theoretical definition of generally accepted accounting principles. The second part deals with the precautionary principle and its tools. In the third part there are few individual cases of accounting in real companies analysed. The last part is aimed at reviewing the application of the precautionary principle in these companies accounting.


This series consists of 280 patients operated on for head and neck cancer between January, 1965, and March, 1968. Nine of these patients (3 per cent) suffered a rupture of a major blood-vessel in the postoperative period. In 5 patients haemorrhage occurred from the common carotid artery, in 2 from the internal jugular vein, and in 2 it was not possible to ascertain the exact site of the haemorrhage. This incidence compares with an incidence of 3 per cent of 574 major head and neck procedures reported by Ketcham (1965) and 7 per cent of 294 patients reported by Vandenberg (1965). Site of Rupture.-In 2 of these patients the bleeding occurred internally into the pharynx and both of these patients died of asphyxia. In the remaining 7, bleeding occurred externally. In 6 of these there had been previous gross infection and necrosis of the skin of the neck exposing the major vessels. One further patient, who died from a sudden rupture of the common carotid artery 2 days after operation, had had a very difficult neck dissection because the tumour was closely adherent to the carotid artery and in removing the tumour the vasa vasorum were stripped from the artery, leading to ischaemic necrosis. Outcome of Rupture.-Of the 9 patients, 7 died and 2 survived, I with and I without hemiplegia. Prodromal Signs.-Eight of the 9 patients had one or more small haemorrhages in the 48 hours before massive rupture occurred. This is a most important sign and should not be ignored. Predisposing Factors.Radiotherapy.-Two hundred and ten patients in this series did not receive radiotherapy before operation. In none did rupture of major vessels of the neck occur. In the remaining 70 patientswhowereirradiated before operation, 9 suffered a major vessel rupture, an incidence of 13 per cent in the latter group. Chronic Upper Respiratory Infection.-Six of the 9 patients suffered from chronic irritation of the larynx, owing to either excessive smoking, chronic bronchitis, or chronic nasal sepsis. Irradiation of the larynx in such a patient is liable to cause a severe reaction and, indeed, 4 of these 9 patients had undergone a total laryngectomy for radiation necrosis.


This paper investigates the area of window fallout behaviour of 4 mm and 6 mm thick single glazed ordinary float type glass exposed to a constant radiant heat. Regular rubber beadings and non-standard ceramic fibre beadings were used to mount the 525 mm square glass samples in commercial aluminium window frames. A total of 117 experiments were carried out where the area of glass fallout was recorded as a function of time. The average heat fluxes which the glass samples were exposed to ranged from 13 kW/m 2 to 58 kW/m 2 . The lowest heat flux that is needed for fallout occurrence is found to be 20 kW/m 2 for 4 mm thick glass and 28 kW/m 2 for 6 mm thick glass. The fallout behaviour of glass was quantified with an exponential distribution function and a probabilistic area of glass fallout prediction model for 4 mm and 6 mm thick glass is developed from the experimental results.


Abstract A method has been designed for measuring aldosterone, cortisol, and corticosterone in a single extract of human peripheral plasma. After separation and purification by paper chromatography, the aldosterone and corticosterone are measured by radioimmunoassay employing antibodies developed in the sheep, and the cortisol by a protein-binding technique. The over-all recoveries after extraction and chromatography are aldosterone 61 ± 11 S.D. per cent, cortisol 65 ± 6.8 S.D. per cent, and corticosterone 49 ± 9 S.D. per cent. High specificity in the method is achieved by using antibodies which cross react to a very minor extent with other steroids, and by employing experimental procedures which produce consistently low blank values. The blank values for cortisol and corticosterone are indistinguishable from zero, and values for aldosterone are 2 ± 2 S.D., and 6.9 ± 0.94 S.D. picograms for water and adrenalectomized plasma, respectively. In accuracy studies, the correlation coefficients between the amount of steroid added to water and plasma and the amount recovered were 1.02, 1.03, and 0.98 for aldosterone, corticosterone, and cortisol, respectively, indicating no systematic error in the method. The method has high specificity, good accuracy, and precision and is inexpensive and technically simple to operate.


The present invention includes a hexagonal graphite, contained rhombohedral graphite, the surface consists of graphite having a low crystalline carbon coating film, further, the DTA measurement, and 600 ° C. or less, an exothermic peak above 690 ° C. or having, in the XRD measurement, the or hexagonal (101) full width at half maximum of the peak of the graphite is less than .2575 ° in the XRD measurement, hexagonal graphite (101) plane of the lattice strain and the hexagonal graphite (100) plane absolute value of the difference between the lattice strain about the negative electrode material for a secondary battery is 7.1 × 10


Issues related to the rational processing of industrial waste and the protection of the environment are of particular importance. The prerequisite for writing this article was the ecological situation in Kazakhstan.
Currently, many industrial enterprises have accumulated and continue to accumulate man-caused waste of production processes that not only pollute the atmosphere and, washed away by rain and snow, pollute the water basin of nearby areas. The work of CHP is one of the main polluters of the environment, mainly the air basin. CHP plants operating on traditional types of fuel contribute up to 30 % of the volume of harmful emissions of the atmosphere, pollute the land and water with combustion products and sewage.
Technogenic wastes occupy hundreds of thousands of hectares of fertile land. In them, the content of non-ferrous metals reaches up to 5 %, iron up to 45 %, in addition, some of them contain noble metals. The bulk of this waste is siliceous materials, which are the main source of building materials.
In Kazakhstan, as yet, they have not been engaged in the utilization of ash, these are technogenic waste from the thermal power station. Known methods of processing such raw materials do not fully comply with modern requirements of scientific and technological progress. Dumps of ash and slag materials occupy large areas, and their content requires significant operating costs, which affect the increase in the cost of production of energy. They are a source of environmental pollution, present a danger to public health and a threat to the plant and animal life of the surrounding areas. Especially dangerous are ash dumps located near water basins (rivers and lakes), because of the possible breakthrough of dams. Effective utilization of coal energy coal plants can help significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment and improve the economic performance of the enterprise. In general, ash is widely used in various industries and has good market prospects.
There are available technologies for ash utilization, some of which are widely used commercially. At present, the main quantity of ash is used in the construction industry - this is the production of cement, bricks, cellular concrete products, slag blocks, lightweight aggregates, roofing material, expanded clay, construction of dams for ash dumps, construction and repair of roads.
The use of ashes and slags of CHP as building materials is the most ambitious direction and can solve the problem of building materials shortage in the regions of Kazakhstan in the future. Due to the use of ash waste, we can save up to 30 % of cement and more than 50 % of natural aggregates, thereby reducing the thermal conductivity of concrete will reduce the mass of buildings and structures.
To attract investments in order to increase the level of processing and use of ash waste, it is possible to use interest in the purchase of ash and slag from the thermal power stations of Kazakhstan in those Western European countries and the Middle East, where there are not enough sources of mineral raw materials in sufficient quantities.
The solution of the above problems is necessary to increase the level of utilization of ash waste with a view to reducing their accumulation, improving the environmental situation in the vicinity of the CHP plant, as well as receiving income from the sale of products produced on the basis of ash waste.


The invention discloses a repository mode using test-driven development in an MVC (model view controller). If the repository mode with the MVC and the test-driven development is used, a tester needs to build an interface for a data access class. When a controller method is subjected to a unit test, a mock repository can be instantiated according to the interface to simulate the operations of adding, revising, deleting and inquiring the data in the practical operation process. When the repository mode carries out the unit test, a real database server is not required; for the unit test for editing and deleting data, a clean database environment does not need to be prepared when each round of unit test is performed; a substitution point is provided for the unit test; and service logic can be easily tested without the database or other external dependencies.


A fluorescent dye‐tracer was released in a stratified water column above a sloping boundary revealing profound dispersive asymmetry. Initially the dye spread symmetrically in the vertical until the deeper portion became influenced by the bottom boundary layer (BBL). The shallower portion then spread rapidly up‐slope in a thin boundary layer influenced by highly non‐linear isopycnal distortions. The deeper, down‐slope portion of dye subsequently became detached from the boundary and intruded into the basin interior in three distinct layers along isopycnal surfaces. The intrusions result from the gravitational collapse of mixing patches created by baroclinic flow over an irregular boundary. The vertical separation of the layers matches the inverse topographic wavenumber. Up‐slope displacement of the dye is consistent with an advective/diffusive balance near the sloping boundary, controlled by slope angle and roughness. Horizontal diffusivities increased from 1.4 m2s−1 to 18.4 m2s−1 during the 4‐day experiment.


Conclusions The Na and K concentration of follicular fluid is similar to that of plasma. The K concentrations of diestrus, estrus, and pre-ovulatory rabbit follicles are not measurably different. Average [K] values are slightly above those for normal plasma. Na concentration of diestrous follicles was somewhat higher than that of plasma, whereas the Na content of fluid from estrous and pre-ovulatory follicles was somewhat lower.


Building on reciprocity theory, the study investig ated the role of gratitude and obligation in wine purchases at tasting rooms. Whi le v siting wineries, customers may either feel grateful to winery personnel for the qu ality of services received or they may develop a sense of obligation. These feelings resu lt from the free tasting or hospitality offered at the winery and may trigger a perceived n ed to buy wine. In this research, wine and souvenirs bought out of gratitude and obli gation were defined as gratuity purchasing. A new instrument to measure gratitude and obliga tion was developed and administered to winery visitors. Findings show tha t feelings of gratitude and obligation were positively correlated with purchasing at winer es. In addition, the study investigated whether purchasing at wineries depended on the numb er of travel companions. Visitors who travel to wineries in smaller groups were found to be more grateful to winery personnel and more obliged to buy wine than those v isitors who traveled in larger groups. Consequently, visitors who travel in smaller groups tend to spend more money on wine than larger groups. Implications for wine managers are included.


We propose a new and efficient scheme for broadcast encryption. A broadcast encryption system allows a broadcaster to send an encrypted message to a dynamically chosen subset RS, |RS|=n of a given set of users, such that only users in this subset can decrypt the message. An important component of broadcast encryption schemes is revocation of users by the broadcaster, thereby updating the subset RS. Revocation may be either temporary, for a specific ciphertext, or permanent. We present the first public key broadcast encryption scheme that support permanent revocation of users. Our scheme is fully collusion resistant. In other words, even if all the users in the network collude with a revoked user, the revoked user cannot encrypt messages without receiving new keys from the broadcaster. The procedure is based on Cipher-text Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE).
 The overhead of our system is O(log n) in all major performance measures including length of private and public keys, computational complexity, user's storage space, and computational complexity of encryption and decryption.


The mechanical properties, curing characteristics, and swelling behaviour of vulcanized natural rubber with a novel binary accelerator system are investigated. Results indicate that the mechanical properties were improved. Crosslinking density of vulcanized natural rubber was measured by equilibrium swelling method. As a result, the new binary accelerator was found to be able to improve both cure rate and crosslinking density. Using the numerical analysis of test interaction between binary accelerator and operational modelling of vulcanization-factors experiments, it can be concluded that the interaction (Cystine, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide) was significant and the optimum value of binary accelerator was suggested, respectively, at levels 0 and


【The purpose of this study was to enhance the marital relationships of middle-aged couples in their 50s who either had retired or were approaching retirement and to develop marriage-enrichment program that would help them maintain a happy and satisfactory family relationship. In-depth interviews were conducted with middle-aged couples in their 50s who had enrolled in the program. Developed based on the relevant literature and our own needs analyses the program was organized into three areas, family relationship, life management(time, leisure), and life plan for old ages. The program consisted of five sessions of 120 minutes each. Participants attended the program's lectures and activities. Pre and post-tests were conducted to examine the program's effectiveness. The post-test results showed improvement over the pre-test results, so we can conclude that this program would appropriate for improving the marital relationships of middle- aged couples in their 50s both before or after their retirement.】


T^EPRECIATION has been, and, it is safe to predict, will continue to be, a controversial item of business expense. Even without an income tax, serious differences of opinion arise over the proper accounting method for depreciable assets. High income taxes obviously sharpen these issues. Broadly speaking, there are two approaches to the amount of depreciation that should be allowed under the income tax. One view is that the cost of


In this ambitious study, the authors seek to contribute to the development of International Relations (IR) theory, to the methods of analyzing modes of transformation in international crises, and particularly, to our understanding of the essence and changing nature of the Arab– Israeli conflict. On the theoretical level, the book addresses the classical theme of anarchy and order in world politics. While the authors express 'an inclination toward realism as the perspective most appropriate in areas such as the Middle East' (p. 8), they intend to 'bridge the gaps' in contending approaches in IR literature. More interesting is the attempt to integrate ethnicity and ethnic conflict into the overall design, based on the observation that the Arab–Israeli (and comparable conflicts) contain both interstate and intercommunal components ('compound conflicts'). The question is how these components intersect and how they influence changes and outcomes. In terms of empirical analysis, the book is firmly positioned within the behavioral school of thought, building heavily on the International Crisis Behavior project. The authors' own contribution is the 'crisis magnitude index' (CMI), measuring the extent of change in crisis attributes. The authors proceed to analyze 26 events (or crises) in the Arab–Israeli conflict in the years 1947–96, applying the CMI to detect transformations in the underlying behavioral patterns. The assumption is that a crisis reflects the essence of the underlying conflict. What they find, not surprisingly, is that the interstate component of the Arab–Israeli conflict has developed into more regulated conflict behavior, based on common understanding of rules, while the ethnic (Israeli–Palestinian) component has grown in magnitude, with 1973 as a crucial turning point. Nils Butenschøn


Objective:To Summary the nursing experience of patients with closed rupture of achilles tendon after muscle tendon repair operation.Methods:Retrospective analysis the nursing of 26 cases with closed rupture of achilles tendon after operation.Results:After treatment and nursing,26 cases were cured and discharged from hospital.All cases were followed up.Mean follow-up time was 9 months(range 8-12 months).According to the Arner-Lindholm criteria for curative results,17 cases had excellent results,8 cases had good results,and only 1 cases had poor results,with the excellent and good rate being 96.15%.Conclusion:It is necessary to enhance post-operrative rehabilitation care and functional exercise of closed rupture of achilles tendon,which may promote functional recovery of ankle joint,and prevent the occurrence of complications.


This paper demystifies listeners' wishes with respect to broadcast radio innovation (with a specific focus on radio-mediated music consumption). Our study encompasses an ideation workshop with radio experts, an exploratory survey and a mixed methods empirical evaluation. The empirical evaluation uses two concrete concepts (i.e., letting listeners on-the-fly replace radio content with preferred content and fostering participatory radio production by involving listeners as radio content curators) as a lens to zoom in on the questionable desirability of radio innovation. It is learned that a significant consumer group exists who will stay loyal to broadcast radio even if it does not evolve substantially, whereas others need disruptive incentives to start listening to radio (again). From our results we distill design recommendations to educate the radio production community about how best to approach radio innovation.


The immobilized microorganism technology including adsorption method,covalent binding method,entrapping method and cross-linking method was introduced as well as selection of the common carriers.Application of the immobilized microorganism technology in treatment of phenol,heavy metal and high concentration organic wastewater was discussed.At the same time,some problems of the immobilized microorganism technology were analyzed,and development direction in future was predicted.


Fenyvessy (1900) fed carbostyril (2-quinolone or 2hydroxyquinoline) to rabbits, and isolated from the urine a carbostyril glucuronide (otherwise known as a carbostyril glucosiduronic acid, see paper 55, p. 317), which was regarded as quinolyl-2-glucuronide. Smith (1953), however, showed that this compound was a derivative of a hydroxy-2quinolone in which glucuronic acid was attached to the quinoline ring elsewhere than in the 2-position. Fenyvessy (1900) also showed that 4-quinolone yielded a glucuronide, but it was not characterized. Smith (1953), however, showed that 4-quinolone (4-hydroxyquinoline) gave rise to two glucuronides in the rabbit. One was crystalline, and the glucuronic acid was attached to the quinoline ring at a position other than the 4-position. The second glucuronide was amorphous and was not fully described. In the present paper, evidence will be presented to show that Fenyvessy's carbostyril glucuronide (Smith's 2-quinolonyl-x-glucuronide) is 2-quinolonyl-6-glucuronide, and that the two glucuronides from 4-quinolone are 4-quinolonyl-3and 4-quinolonyl-6-glucuronide.