The ram jet is basically one of the most dimple types of aircraft engine. It consists only of an inlet diffuser, a combustion system, and an exit nozzle. A typical ram-jet configuration is shown in figure 128. The engine operates on the Brayton cycle, and ideal cycle efficiency depends only on the ratio of engine to ambient pressure. The increased, engine pressures are obtained by ram action alone, and for this reason the ram jet has zero thrust at zero speed. Therefore, ram-jet-powered aircraft must be boosted to flight speeds close to a Mach number of 1.0 before appreciable thrust is generated by the engine. Since pressure increases are obtained by ram action alone, combustor-inlet pressures and temperatures are controlled by the flight speed, the ambient atmospheric condition, and by the efficiency of the inlet diffuser. These pressures and temperatures, as functions of flight speed and altitude, are shown in figure 129 for the NACA standard atmosphere and for practical values of diffuser efficiency. It can be seen that very wide ranges of combustor-inlet temperatures and pressures may be encountered over the ranges of flight velocity and altitude at which ram jets may be operated. Combustor-inlet temperatures from 500 degrees to 1500 degrees R and inlet pressures from 5 to 100 pounds per square inch absolute represent the approximate ranges of interest in current combustor development work. Since the ram jet has no moving parts in the combustor outlet, higher exhaust-gas temperatures than those used in current turbojets are permissible. Therefore, fuel-air ratios equivalent to maximum rates of air specific impulse or heat release can be used, and, for hydrocarbon fuels, this weight ratio is about 0.070. Lower fuel-air ratios down to about 0.015 may also be required to permit efficient cruise operation. This fuel-air-ratio range of 0.015 to 0.070 used in ram jets can be compared with the fuel-air ratios up to 0.025 encountered in current turbojets. Ram-jet combustor-inlet velocities range from 150 to 400 feet per second. These high linear velocities combined with the relatively low pressure ratios obtainable in ram jets require that the pressure drop through the combustor be kept low to avoid excessive losses in cycle efficiency. It has been estimated that, for a long-range ram-jet engine, an increase in pressure loss of one dynamic head would require a compensating 1-percent increase in combustion efficiency. Therefore, combustor pressure-loss coefficients (pressure drop/impact pressure) of the order of 1 to 4 are found in most current engines. The operating conditions described impose major problems in the design of stable and efficient ram-jet combustion systems. This chapter presents a survey of ram-jet combustor research and, where possible, points out criteria that may be useful in the design of ram-jet combustion systems.


Recommends some preliminary analysis on ant algorithm agent number and jumping behavior. Two main results are shown about the expected number of agents in a node and the expected number of jumping of an agent. In order to meet the network constraint, we present how to design the algorithm parameters, such as the number of agents created for each request k and the maximum allowable number of jumping of an agent.


This work proposes filling the gap between cultural behavior analysis and recent computational approaches to the study of social dynamics. We first introduce a game-theory infused understanding of norms and metanorms evolution and how agent-based models are used to simulate and analyze the emergency of normative phenomena. Then we argue that this method is in line with the cultural behavior analysis approach to the evolution of culture, offering a common framework for further theoretical and heuristic developments for researchers in the field. We proceed by outlining Axelrod´s Metanorms Model, followed by a tutorial on its implementation with NetLogo programming language. Finally, two experiments are carried out using this framework, and the implications of the results, along with future direction of research, are discussed from a Skinnerian perspective.


This study focus on the potential synergistic effects that can be achieved by combining inorganic fillers with conventional fire retardants, such as intumescent systems. Modification of the thermal stability of an intumescent formulation by the addition of the fillers is first investigated. Thermal stabilization is observed in the high temperature range and the formation of "ceramic like" structure may be proposed. In the second part, the influence of the nature of the particles on the fire retardant performance is investigated. The best performance is achieved when layered particles (montmorillonite or layered double hydroxide) are used compared to spherical particles (silica), whatever the fire tests. It is assumed that when layered particles are added the char integrity is maintained, leading to better fire performance.


"Comparisons to be educative need to happen in a site that belongs to no one. (Radhakrishna, 471). Today comparative literature has expanded its horizons and literary theorists question the very foundation of the word 'compare'. Gayatri Spivak in her essay, Rethinking Comparitivism says that from the very beginning comparative literature did not exactly compare (Spivak, Rethinking 611). A similar view is propounded by R. Radhakrishnan in his essay, Why Compare? where he puts forward his argument that comparisons are unproductive as neither of us learns from the other. He believes that there must be a want to learn from the "others'" experience that is not one's own, instead of persuading the other into believing that one's own "lifeworld" is superior to him (Radhakrishna 454). This paper discusses how these theorists by questioning ethnocentricity, advocating the study of subaltern languages and promoting translation studies aim to foster comparative literature as a dynamic discipline which promotes an objective and ethical thinking amongst the people. It does so by tracing the earliest theoretical concepts and history of Comparative Literature, the challenges it faces and developments advocated by literary critics in the field of comparative literature. Keywords— Comparative Literature, Ethno-centricity, Subaltern Languages, Objectivity. Comparative literature investigates the relationship between literature and other fields such as history, politics, art and science. It plays a role close to that of studying international relations but mostly deals with languages and artistic practices that aim to understand cultures from within. Placing all of the world literature under a common framework, it aims to examine the features, origins and connection of all literature. Through the study of comparative literature, the total number of works accomplished in the entire world is embraced and is used to demonstrate association, tradition, or influence. We can study the historical starting position of literary phenomena all over the world and examine the affinities in terms of form, structure and ideas closely for similarities and differences in literatures from around the world. The analysis of literature without boundaries gives people a worldly approach to literature. This paper discusses the theoretical concepts and history of Comparative Literature, the challenges it faces and developments advocated by literary critics in the field of comparative literature. It also discusses how these developments advocate an ethical and objective thinking. The origin of comparative literature can be traced to an inaugural speech at Oxford University in 1857 by Matthew Arnold who coined comparative literature as a translation of literature comparée, saying "No single event, no single literature is properly understood except for other events, to other literature." Then, in 1886 a book Comparative Literature was published by Hutcheon Macaulay Posnett, an Ireland barrister which laid the groundwork in the study of comparative literature. In the year 1901, M. M Posnett wrote an essay called The Science of Comparative Literature in which he gave numerous analyses of this area of study. The subject developed as an autonomous entity at the turn of the nineteenth century and a multi-literary scope to study different languages was created in Europe. Another important contribution in the Anandita Sharma International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 6(1)-2021 ISSN: 2456-7620 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.61.47 377 field was by Rene Wellek's challenging address entitled The Crisis of Comparative Literature in which he denounced the French School's emphasis of "'comparative literature' to the study of the foreign trade of two literatures which limits it to a concern with externals" (Wellek 163). He said that unequal power relations between cultures influenced the field due to their literary capital and were measured against the oldest and established onesthe French, the German, the English and other European languages. He sought to research comparative literature as a genre that would transcend all limits of language, ethics and politics. Wellek's opinion that comparative literature was indeed a type of humanism was supported by Rene Etiemble. Today, the earlier world literature that was confined to only the masterpieces of European literature is questioned and challenged. Moreover, a steady migration of academics to the US after the Second World War also led to the growth of comparative literature. In 1993, Charles Bernheimer issued the American Comparative Literature Association (ACLA) report later published as Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism (1995). This report described the definitional crisis for a systematic study of such literature, as was discussed earlier by Rene Wellek. It also advocated a rejection of the traditional Eurocentrism and a turn towards global cultural discourses and production. Through the rigorous redefinition, cultural studies, transnational flows, global hegemonies, identity politics, and postcolonial critiques were made inclusive to the study of comparative literature David Damrosch in his What is World Literature (2003) says "world literature is an elliptical refraction of national literatures " (Damrosch 281). According to him, Goethe's 'weltliterature' marked the end of national literature. The assumption that world literature is limited to a certain region of the worldparticularly Europe is now challenged and questioned. With globalisation, works of literature no longer function as single entities in a national context, but exist in a different cultural context, hence developing a new significance for readers across national boundaries. He argues that world literature is a work that "gains in translation" (Damrosh 288). Charles Bernheimer's work Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism had advocated the inclusion of subaltern perspectives to comparative literature. Gayatri Spivak in Rethinking Comparativism argues such a development that would "...hope for a sense of equivalence among languages rather than a comparison of historic-civilizational content." (Spivak, Rethinking 612). She proposes that there must be an equivalence of languages and in this equivalence 'comparison in extremis' will not be required in the first place. 'Comparitivism in Extremis' is a term coined by Gayatri Spivak in the esaay. This "comparitivism in extremis" is a kind of a plea to the dominant political other to recognize equivalence and an appeal to end oppression (Rethinking 615). But in this political gesture, a response is denied. Hence, when there is an equivalence of languages, there is no want for the recognition of the dominant. (Spivak, Rethinking 616). It can be said that first that there must a "rethinking of comparitivism...by admitting that languages are equivalent" and in this comparitivism as equivalence, " the comparativists should undertake a serious and continuous undoing of national languages-based reading." (Spivak, Rethinking 613). Spivak argues that, in the U.S, Comparative literature programmes appear to concentrate on the "Europe and the extracurricular Orient" (Spivak, Death 6). She says that the subaltern languages or less-taught languages must be included in the mainstream. For this, she proposes a systematic program of the less taught languages of the world that would include faculty development seminars, post-doctoral fellowships, extensive and new recruitment procedures, development of national professional associations and a consortium of distance language learning (614). Another important development in the field of comparative literature is translation. Today translation is treated as an active rather than prosthetic practice. It acts as the most intimate act of reading and is indispensable for a comparative study. In an interview, Gayatri Spivak elaborated about her insistence on comparative and language studies. She expresses her belief that language learning enriches the ability to be ethical. In her words, The way in which an infant acquires language is before reason. In order for this language to be acquired by the infant, the circuits inside the infant that are used – rather than reason, memorizing as it happens when we learn a foreign language – are the same circuits that construct a system that becomes ethical. So, the idea in comparativism, is not just languagelearning but comparativist languagelearning which goes towards literary study – that way of learning-language tries to construct as close as possible a simulacrum to that first language learning remembering that any language can be, in this sense, a first language. In other words, it is a setting Anandita Sharma International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 6(1)-2021 ISSN: 2456-7620 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.61.47 378 to action of the metapsychological so that the ethical system can be established (Spivak "Occupy"). P. Mohanty in his study of objectivity in ethics and aesthetics promotes such study through. In his essay, Can Our Values Be Objective? On Ethics, Aesthetics and Progressive Politics, Mohanty poses the question: "Can we human beings be objective in our views and judgements about properties as goodness, justice or beauty?"(Mohanty 803) Many postmodern literary and cultural theorists contend that objectivity is unavoidable and impossible. In the debate about human nature between Chomsky and Foucault in the Netherlands in 1971, Chomsky argued that there is an 'innate nature' and identified it with the structures of the human mind whereas Foucault claims that there is no such thing as human nature and even if there is, our understanding of our nature is subjective and inaccurate. P. Mohanty develops on the ideas of Chomsky and believes that values "often refer to deeper features of human nature, our species-wide needs and capacities" and further


Health costs are a major expenditure for any society. The burden of health care increases exponentially when a chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus reaches epidemic proportions. Although some societies bear this burden through social security programs, others leave the onus of health care upon the individual concerned. In many countries, health insurance companies step in to fill this void, by providing various schemes to offset the financial burden of unexpected disease. This prevents the "medical bankruptcy" so frequently observed in "pay-from-pocket" environments, where patients have to bear the economic costs of treatment on their own.


The present invention, as an active ingredient for the prevention and / or treatment of signs of skin aging, for at least one cosmetic oral and / or parenteral use of glucosamine in combination with polyphenol compound optionally. The present invention, as active ingredient, also relates to oral and / or parenteral administration for compositions comprising at least one combination of a polyphenol compound-derived glucosamine and pine bark. .FIELD 1


Fancy writing an editorial for the Student BMJ? Editorials are your opportunity to discuss controversial or topical subjects in depth. Karen Hebert tells you how


The Pd(OAc)2/dppb system was found to be
an efficient catalyst for the direct arylation of 3-substituted
thiophene derivatives. The regioselectivity of the arylation strongly
depends on the thiophene substituent and also on the nature of the
aryl bromide. When using 3-formyl, 3-cyano, 3-methyl, 3-hydroxymethyl
or 3-bromothiophene, the 2-arylated thiophenes were obtained with
76-95% regioselectivity; whereas, the arylation
of 3-formylthiophene diethylacetal or 3-acetylthiophene gave the
5-arylated thiophenes with 52-90% regioselectivity.
The use of congested aryl bromides favours the arylation at C5.
These reactions were performed using only 0.1 mol% of catalyst.
Moreover, this procedure has been found to be tolerant to a variety
of functional groups on the aryl bromide such as formyl, propionyl,
benzoyl, nitrile, and nitro.


A book that wholly fulfills the promise of its title deserves an enthusiastic advocacy. It is small (262 pages) and tells a pediatrician or any other physician just what he might first want to know if and when he faces patients whose diagnoses fall into that eponymic group of syndromes denoting generalized genetic abnormalities. More than 150 such syndromes are recognized. The book was designed for quick reference in many settings, anywhere a baby or child who has some peculiarity—low set ears, a funny look, or a hodgepodge of defects—might be initially seen for diagnosis, and where someone suspects "one of those syndromes." Quick reference may then be made to the index, if the eponym suggests itself, or to a table based on a common finding, eg, a short neck, or congenital heart disease (there are 20 such tables). Then, when the clinician wants to know more than just the


Alopecia areata is a form of non-scarring hair loss characterised by a recurrent and difficult-to-treat course. The aetiology of this disease is still incompletely understood. However, multiple immunological pathways and an abnormal cytokine profile in patients with alopecia areata have been described. There are many therapeutic options for patients with alopecia areata, including topical, intralesional or systemic corticosteroids, contact immunotherapy, phototherapy and non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine, methotrexate or azathioprine. However, these treatments have limited efficacy and may be associated with side effects. In addition, Janus kinase inhibitors have been shown to cause metabolic disorders. Therefore, their use in patients with alopecia areata may be limited. Other cytokine-targeted therapies have been shown to be effective in alopecia areata, such as apremilast (a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor), ustekinumab (a human immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 kappa monoclonal antibody directed against interleukin 12 and 23), abatacept (a soluble fusion protein which links the extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 to the modified Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1), secukinumab (an IL-17A antagonist) and dupilumab (a monoclonal antibody that blocks interleukin 4 and interleukin 13). TNF inhibitors (such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept) have been described to be ineffective in alopecia areata. In addition, disease exacerbation after TNF therapy has been reported. Alefacept (an immunosuppressive dimeric fusion protein that consists of the extracellular CD2-binding part of human leukocyte function antigen-3 fused to the Fc part of human IgG1) and efalizumab (anti-CD11a monoclonal antibody) have not shown efficacy in alopecia areata. There are also isolated reports of alopecia areata after therapy with omalizumab (recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody anti-IgE), ixekizumab (inhibitor of IL-17A) and brodalumab (inhibitor of IL-17R).


Drawing on the example of engine unit YaMZ-652, by means of calculation, and theoretically, the efficiency of using stepless regulation of the cooling fan rotation speed. The greatest effect from the regulation is achieved in the range of small and average loads of the engine performance at the regimes being tested.


The sections in this article are

1
Measurable Attributes of Sound

2
Descriptive Parameters and Functions

3
Data Acquisition, Validation, and Analysis

4
Electromagnetic-Acoustical Analogies


There is a widely used linear strategy to determine the parameters specific cake resistance and filter medium resistance in incompressible cake filtration. In this article, it is intended to demonstrate that this strategy has some disadvantages and should be replaced by an alternative nonlinear approach which yields more exact results. Even though the gains in precision are small for most cases, the nonlinear strategy is favored because it involves no extra effort and is grounded in the same physical theory as the original approach. This claim is based on a broad simulation study using noisy data with known parameter values to compare both fitting strategies and judge their accuracies.


The Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions (JPBI) has emerged as the principal print outlet for the dissemination of new research, perspectives, and information related to positive behavior support. Since its inception in January of 1999, JPBI has published a broad variety of applied research studies, empirical case illustrations, discussion articles, literature reviews, and personal perspectives. All of these formats are important for expanding and enhancing our field's foundations and improving our ability to arrange for effective behavioral supports. We continue to need new research and innovations that will help us understand how to mobilize formal and informal supports at the large agency, community, and state levels, and we need additional analyses and illustrations to help us refine our supports at the level of the individual. In this issue of JPBI,


Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo or epoetin) is a general term used to define erythropoietin molecules that are produced through molecular genetic technology. Epoetin alfa, epoetin beta and darbepoetin alfa are currently employed as therapeutic agents. Epoetin beta (NeoRecormon®) and darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp®) are available in just one formulation each although different brands are present in different countries. Epoetin alfa is available in different formulations and in different brands. Epogen® and Procrit® are identical formulations of epoetin alfa distributed only within the United States, while Eprex® is a different formulation of epoetin alfa distributed only outside the United States. There are tremendous financial interests in this field, as the total annual sales of rHu-Epo in the world might be in excess of six billion US dollars. As a clinical investigator who has contributed to the development of erythropoietin therapy, I feel that the time has come to reconsider erythropoietin therapy in order to maximize its benefits for anemic patients, to minimize its adverse effects, and to avoid its misuse or abuse.


Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF 1) is a very often emerging neurocutaneous genetic disease. It is originated from the mutation in NF 1 gene which exists in chromosome, number 17 and appears once in 2500-3000 live birth. Also, spontaneous mutation is in charge of about 50% of cases. Endemic clinical features are cafe-au-lait stains on the skin, cutaneous neurofibromas, freckling on cleavages and Lisch nodules. More serious problems which ruin quality of life are plexiform neurofibromas, central neural system tumors, endocrine disorders, orthopedic problems, behavior disorders and cognitive impairment. In addition, a discriminating diagnosis was performed with Proteus syndrome which the asymmetric and progressive extremity hypertrophy could be seen with. In this study, we found appropriate to evaluate a 25 year old male patient with no family history, whose quality of life was seriously spoiled, who had hydrocephaly due to aquaduct stenosis, which created both aesthetic and functional problems in his left hand, who had an asymmetric extremity hypertrophy because of cutaneous neurofibromas and painful hip dysplasias and due to arthropathic neuropathy developed, additionally who was an inpatient with cognitive incompetence in the lights of literature data. *Correspondence to: Oguzhan Guven Gumustas, Department of Radiology, BursaRadiological Diagnostic Center, Turkey, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The Lyapunov function is used to derive a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability of the Lotka-Volterra system with variable time delays. Some new results are obtained, some related known results are improved and generalized.


This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Ivo Ivotuk. Site Description - This site is 300 km south of Barrow and is located at the foothill of the Brooks Range and is classified as tussock sedge, dwarf-shrub, moss tundra.


Objectives: Using baseline and second wave data, the study evaluated the measurement and structural properties of parenting stress, personal mastery, and economic strain with N = 381 lower income parents who decided to join and those who did not join in a child development savings account program. Methods: Structural equation modeling mean and covariance structures was performed across groups and occasion was performed. Results: Measurement invariance was established across groups and across occasions. However, parenting stress differed across occasions. Conclusions: SEM methods are useful in testing theories as well as comparing manifest and latent structures of constructs across groups and occasions.


Signaling and call control are implemented in software. Two exchanges implemented by different vendors need to be able to accurately talk to each other and understand exactly what the other is sending. The end result needs to meet high availability performance requirements. If two vendors understand a written specification for a signaling system in even a rarely occurring situation differently, the result is less than satisfactory. It is said that if we need one unit of design work to implement a program for non-real time data processing with 1000 lines of code, a real-time program of the same size may easily require 10 units of design work, a real-time program of the same size that must talk to a system programmed by someone else possibly using another programming language may require 100 units of design work. If that program needs to be adaptable to slightly different environments, e.g. in different countries, things become even more complex – even more design efforts are spent. The last applies to for example signaling in telephone exchanges. To achieve a high level of accuracy in specification of signaling functionality, more than text documents are needed. One can claim that actually for the purpose of designing a large system or even a subsystem or a non-trivial


Drive device for a working machine having a travel drive and a working hydraulic system, wherein the traction drive is a drive axle and the working hydraulic system comprises at least one electric motor and at least one of which is driven pump, characterized in that the electric motor (13) and / or the pump (14) in the drive shaft (1) is integrated directly or indirectly on the drive axle (1) is / are arranged.


X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a powerful tool for the non-destructive study of dynamic moisture processes in wood and other bio-based materials. In the CT facilities at Lulea University of Tech ...


Background: Exercise stress test is a simple, reliable and noninvasive test which detects the coronary artery disease
even before the symptoms arise among both males and females.Hence this test was used to assess the impact of exercise
stress test on cardiac autonomic function among males and females.
Objectives: To compare the cardiac autonomic functions between the males and females among normal, overweight
and obese individuals in South Indian population.
Methods:A cross sectional study in department of Cardiology and Master Health Checkup in Chennai medical College
and hospital, Trichy, a tertiary care teaching hospital during December 2015 to December 2016. Study population
includes healthy participants aged between 18-70 years of age from both genders with BMI more than 20 kg/m2.
Participants who gave history of alcohol consumption,smoking,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,pregnant and lactating
mothers and cases with psychiatric disorders were excluded from the study.Total participants included were 135.Data
was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 18.Descriptive statistics and analysis of
variance tests were used,appropriately to test the statistical significance.
Results: Overweight females had significantly low duration of exercise and MET and obese females had significantly
low hear rate at peak of the exercise, duration of exercise, MET and HRR at one and three minutes compared to the
individuals with similar BMI categories.Females with normal BMI were found to show no significant difference in any of
the observed parameters.
Conclusion: Overweight and obese females were comparative at higher risk of developing cardiac disorders
compared to overweight and obese males.To reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in the population,these high
risk populations should be targeted first by health education and promoting weight reduction


States have reported mixed results in their efforts to implement early intervention interagency coordinting councils as mandated by Public Law 99-457. The purposes of this paper are to (1) discuss why interagency coordination is important for the development of services for young children with handicaps and their families, (2) present a summary of the difficulties that early intervention interagency coordinating councils have been facing, and (3) suggest strategies that interagency coordinating councils can use to improve their functioning. Strategies are discussed that involve the council's membership, role definition, commitment to common goals, vision of the Early Intervention system, achievement of goals, and use of political strategies.


The purpose of this study is to determine how the influence of size, leverage, profitability and capital intensity ratio on effective tax rate. Agency theory used to underpricing the above relationship the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The sample in this research is 36 manufanturing companies listed in Indonesia  Stock Exchange (BEI) from 2012-2014. Data used secondary data obtained from the annual financial report through website and another sources. The analytical method used in this research is multiple regression analysis The result showed  that size, leverage and capital intensity ratio the have effect significant influence of effective tax rate.  Meanwhile profitability which proxied by return on asset the have effect no significant of effective tax rate Keywords : Effective Tax Rate, Size, Leverage, Profitability and capital intensity ratio.


1. Sara A. Mansfield, MD, MS*
2. Tim Jancelewicz, MD, MA, MS*

1. *Division of Pediatric Surgery, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN

Clinicians should be aware of the strategies for prenatal and postnatal management of infants with omphalocele and gastroschisis.

After completing this article, readers should be able to:

1. Recognize the implications and differences in management between gastroschisis and omphalocele.

2. Review the initial stabilization and management of infants with omphalocele and gastroschisis.

3. Review the surgical management options and rationale for infants with ventral abdominal wall defects.

Abdominal wall defects represent a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies. These can range from lethal limb-body wall syndrome to benign umbilical cord hernias. Gastroschisis and omphalocele are the 2 most common defects and are the focus of this review. Although both of these diseases affect the umbilical area, they differ widely in their underlying pathogenesis, genetics, and associated disorders. Consequently, their management techniques and outcomes are quite different. This article reviews the pathogenesis, genetics, diagnostics, and outcomes for each disease, followed by an in-depth review of recent management updates.

### Pathogenesis

Omphalocele (or exomphalos) is a herniation of the abdominal viscera through a midline abdominal wall defect (Fig 1). This defect is located at the base of the umbilical stalk, and herniated viscera are covered by a 3-layer membrane of peritoneum, Wharton jelly, and amnion. This contrasts with umbilical cord hernias, which are covered by intact skin and contain only a small protrusion of abdominal contents, and gastroschisis, which has no covering at all and occurs to the right of midline (Table). Omphaloceles are present in approximately 1 per 1,100 pregnancies. However, there is a high rate of spontaneous abortion, making the incidence of omphalocele per live birth approximately 1 per 4,000 to 1 per 6,000. (1) …


In this article, we analyse the distribution of voting power in governing coalitions of the German Laender (states). In a first step, we use the number of votes of parties in a parliament to determine the voting power of the parties. Based on these results, we apply the -power index (Casajus, 2009) to calculate the power of parties within governing coalitions (Wiese, 2007). For this, we consider the limitations of coalition possibilities. In three scenarios, we analyse how these affect the parties' voting power.


Madam, Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an emerging modality in the treatment of graft versus host disease (GvHD) which complicates many haematopoietic stem cell transplants. Systemic corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents currently used to treat GvHD have unsatisfactory responses and high mortality, signifying the need of a novel therapy.1 ECP is a 3-4 hours long outpatient procedure. Mononuclear cells ( 50% and also a steroid sparing effect in many studies.1,2,5 The role of ECP in GvHD prophylaxis is yet to be established as studies have shown contrasting results.1 While further randomized controlled trials on ECP are in progress in the West, there is also a need to evaluate the effectiveness of this modality in our part of the world. ECP may be a potential ray of hope for those refractory to existing therapeutic agents.


The article is devoted to solving an important applied problem of landfill search based on machine learning methods using high-resolution satellite data. The problem of accumulation and storage of waste in legal and unauthorized landfills is relevant today. Millions of tons of household waste are generated in Ukraine every year. The largest areas for landfills are occupied in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia regions. So, in the Donetsk region the areas under landfills occupy 330 hectares. Various technologies based on satellite data and artificial intelligence methods are used to monitor landfills. Currently, there are services that track the location of landfills, but do not provide information about the territory of the landfill and changes in its area over time. In the process of research, the important task of separating landfills from quarries and artificial objects by combining pixel-based and object-based classification was solved. The main purpose of the work was to develop intelligent information technology based on the neural network approach and build on its basis a geospatial product of landfills for the Donetsk region, namely classification maps of landfills. The proposed machine learning algorithm based on historical and modern satellite data allows tracking the area of the landfill and its changes over time. The developed information technology was tested on the territory of four territorial communities in Donetsk region, namely Olhyn, Myrnohrad, Kurakhiv and Pokrovsky communities. As a result of the research, an information panel was also developed, which provides operational data and allows to assess the dynamics of changes in landfills in the region in time and space. The developed technology is of practical importance for the development of waste management and management programs in local communities.


Abstract Many of the adult features that are considered diagnostic for Chrysopodes occur in other New World chrysopid genera; a stable and phylogenetically significant generic classification requires additional definitive characters. The current study demonstrates a number of morphological characters in the larvae that provide strong evidence for the validity of the genus and also provide a foundation for broadening and refining the definition of the genus. For example, the absence of a gonapsis no longer serves as a diagnostic character for Chrysopodes. Moreover, based primarily on larval characteristics but also on adult features, the widely distributed Nearctic species Ceraeochrysa placita (Banks) is now transferred to Chrysopodes. Finally, the manuscript reviews the systematics of the two Chrysopodes species reported from the United States; the adults are characterized and illustrated, the larvae are described, and biological data are presented.


Soft-tissue masses in children may be inflammatory, reactive, or neoplastic. The distribution of soft-tissue tumors of the extremities in children is different from that in adults. Benign tumors are much more common than soft-tissue sarcomas. Vascular lesions are the most common benign tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma in the pediatric population. The imaging characteristics often are nonspecific, and the diagnosis consists of putting together the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings. The principles of diagnosis, clinical examination, imaging, and pathologic findings in some common pediatric soft-tissue tumors of the extremities are presented. Some of the more recent advances in imaging and pathology also are highlighted.


Bose-Einstein condensation of atoms was achieved in 1995 and had a major impact of atomic physics. New techniques were developed to prepare atomic samples at nanokelvin temperature, to control their properties and to diagnose them with a variety of powerful techniques. Since then, the field has dramatically grown. The family of quantum-degenerate gases now includes metastable and fermionic atoms, and molecules Such systems have become an ultralow-temperature laboratory for atom optics and collisional physics, and also for many-body physics that encompasses phenomena as phonons, superfluidity, quantized vortices, Josephson junctions, and quantum phase transitions.


Objective: To describe the development of fetal spinal vascular structures. Methods: The vascular systems were observed in cadaveric spinal cord samples of human embryo, fetus, newborn and adult, which were prepared with different methods. Results: Capillaries were found in the surrounding matrix before the neural canal closure. With the growth of the cord, the superficial capillary gave off perforators to enter the cord. The spinal vascular had had adult morphologic characteristics since the 3rd fetus month. Conclusions: Spinal vascular system origins on the surface of neural tissue and enter the cord. Some capillaries grow into arteriole and venula. Through the mechanisms of fusion and asymmetrical degeneration, embryonic vessels develop into adult pattern.


Thomas Freidman (2005) asserts that technology has created a transnational platform for communication, collaboration, and competition that is stimulating global opportunity for all individuals. After years of robust study abroad programs and the recent "bricks and mortar" expansion of U.S. higher education overseas, we are now seeing the true "flattening" of the academy. Ubiquitous web-based videoconferencing, learning management systems, and social media websites are further breaking down the boundaries to international collaboration and empowering individual faculty, outside of institutional support, to create rich technology-facilitated multicultural learning environments.


In the increasingly modern field of industrial manufacturing, there is a growing demand for industrial robots. Among them, trajectory planning and trajectory tracking control algorithm of industrial robots are the core and content of industrial robots' research. The research in this field can provide technical support for industrial robots to run smoothly and improve work efficiency. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory tracking control method for six-DOF industrial robots, simulation experiments are carried out on the simulation platform. The simulation results show that the proposed trajectory tracking control algorithm is effective and achieves the desired goal.


This study aims to investigate the effects of emotional intelligence and the impact of transformational leadership behaviour towards job performance. Sample of the study was comprised of 306 (Male =132; Female =174) public school personnel as leaders in their respective environments, such as principal, senior administrative assistant, senior assistant student affairs (HEM), senior assistant curriculum, the heads of the four departments set by the Ministry of Education i.e. Heads of Humanities and Religion, Science and Math, English, and Engineering & vocational as well as members of general committee from High Performance Schools (SBT) in Malaysia. Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI), Transformational Leadership Behaviour (Multi-factor leadership questionnaire) (MLQ) and job performance were used to measure EI, transformational leadership and job performance accordingly. The structural equation modelling (SEM, a multivariate technique, via Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) computer software version 20.0 was utilised to empirically test and estimate the hypothesised relationship between constructs. Results revealed that emotional intelligence is positively related to transformational leadership behaviour, and transformational leadership behaviour has a significant and positive relationship with job performance. Among the two predictors, transformational leadership was found to have a greater direct impact on job performance and exist direct impact of emotional intelligence was found in this empirical analysis on job performance. On a practical note, the assessment of psychological constructs in school setting e.g.; EQ and leadership behaviour could possibly assist in enhancing the work performances in delivering huge benefits to the society especially in the educational contexts. Finding of the present research can help to improve overall organizational behaviour and productivity resulting in optimum service delivery to the stakeholders within educational system in Malaysia.


Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are a continuously expanding group of monogenic disorders of glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis that cause multisystem diseases. Individuals with ALG3‐CDG frequently exhibit severe neurological involvement (epilepsy, microcephaly, and hypotonia), ocular anomalies, dysmorphic features, skeletal anomalies, and feeding difficulties. We present 10 unreported individuals diagnosed with ALG3‐CDG based on molecular and biochemical testing with 11 novel variants in ALG3, bringing the total to 40 reported individuals. In addition to the typical multisystem disease seen in ALG3‐CDG, we expand the symptomatology of ALG3‐CDG to now include endocrine abnormalities, neural tube defects, mild aortic root dilatation, immunodeficiency, and renal anomalies. N‐glycan analyses of these individuals showed combined deficiencies of hybrid glycans and glycan extension beyond Man5GlcNAc2 consistent with their truncated lipid‐linked precursor oligosaccharides. This spectrum of N‐glycan changes is unique to ALG3‐CDG. These expanded features of ALG3‐CDG facilitate diagnosis and suggest that optimal management should include baseline endocrine, renal, cardiac, and immunological evaluation at the time of diagnosis and with ongoing monitoring.


Today's customers buying decisions are not based simply on the quality of the product but with the relationship they have with the company. Banking industry has gone through many changes, privatization to nationalization and back to privatization with the international players on the one hand and on the other hand accepting deposits and giving advances to expanding services to wide variety of products. It is the responsibility of the organizations to provide what they need so that they can do their job properly. In today's world, we do business with individuals or groups with whom we may never meet and hence much less known in person to person sense. Customer Relationship Management is about creating the feel of comfort in this high tech environment. This paper focuses the role of Customer Relationship Management in banking sector and the need for Customer Relationship Management to increase customer value and Customer Relationship Management in Banks with special reference to Bank of India, Hyderabad.


The principle of Re-entrant optic gyroscope(RE-FOG) and the output signal areanalyzed firstly,then a method of signal detection is presented.Lastly,a conclusion that RE-FOG gets several times detecting sensitivity compared with the conventional interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG) while having the same length of the fiber-optic coil by the means of making the two counter-propagandizing lights re-enter the ring before they interference with each other when they reach the photo-detector.


Introduction: The excessive use of electronic devices may induce visual impairment. Our objective was to get and analyze a subjective evaluation of effects of digital devices on vision with account for hygienic principles of protecting the eyesight based on the results of an online survey of 568 students from Russia and Belarus. Material and methods: We conducted an online questionnaire survey of 498 university students from the Russian Federation and 70 students from the Republic of Belarus to analyze their subjective evaluation of the impact of behavioral risk factors on health and vision. Results: More than half (53.9%) of the respondents rated their health as "good" and 28.3% as "satisfactory". Vision was considered "excellent" by 25.9% of the respondents while 22.5%, 26.8%, and 24.8% of the students assessed their vision as "good", "satisfactory", and "bad", respectively. The average subjective vision risk values ranged from 6 to 8 points. The majority of the respondents reported that the main sources of information about eyesight protection included the Internet (80%) and the opinion of teachers (70%) and medical workers (67%). Conclusions: The students adequately assessed both health and vision risks of behavioral factors. Yet, good awareness of the damaging effect of digital devices on eyes did not influence the temptation of their use in adverse conditions for the eyesight. We identified a risk group including almost 30% of the respondents characterized by a careless attitude to health and neglect of hygienic principles of eyesight protection. University teachers should take into account the fact that students consider their opinion to be significant for the development of health-saving competencies of young people.


This paper reports the fatigue behaviour of thin AlMgSi1 aluminium alloy weldments and the improvement in fatigue strength due to post-weld treatments. Several fatigue tests were performed using two distinct types of thin welded joints, T and single lap, manufactured using a 6xxx series aluminium alloy, and the efficiency of fatigue life improvement techniques, such as post-weld heat treatment and weld toe's burr dressing, was studied. Both the post-weld heat treatment and the burr dressing produced a fatigue strength improvement. This fact is discussed, for both geometries, in the context of the initiation and propagation phases contribution to total fatigue life. Finally, several fatigue tests were performed under variable amplitude block loading using T6 post-weld heat-treated single lap joints, and the correspondent fatigue lives were compared with the predictions of Miner's rule.  2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


The invention (A) an epoxy resin (B) curing agent (C) Inorganic filler (D) to force a melting point of less than 110 ℃ 130 ℃ represented by the average composition formula (1) compound pagen A as an essential component, and provides a flame-retardant epoxy resin composition for semiconductor encapsulation, it characterized in that it does not substantially free of bromide and antimony compounds. Wherein, a, b and n is a number which satisfies 0 <a≤0.05n, 1.90n≤b <2n, 2a + b = 2n, 3≤n≤6. Semiconductor-molding the flame-retardant epoxy resin composition of the present invention, it is possible to obtain the flame retardancy and moisture resistance reliability is excellent at the same time as a cured product is excellent in moldability. An epoxy resin, a semiconductor, a flame retardant


Abstract This study aims to assess the impact of Social Self-Efficacy and Psychological Capital on Employability and Subjective Career Success of IT graduates in Vietnam. An empirical research using a questionnaire was carried out from April to August 2022 in big cities in the North and Center of Vietnam. The sample includes 336 university graduates (within 6 years after graduation) who were undertaking IT-related jobs. Research results show that both Social Self-Efficacy and Psychological Capital have a positive impact on Employability and Subjective Career Success (which includes Job Satisfaction and Career Satisfaction). The study's findings are significant for both educational institutions that offer IT training and human resource management activities for IT staff in organizations and enterprises in Vietnam.


The results of a comparative study of biochemical blood indices of young Large -White pigs of native selection, Ireland selection and double-cross hybrids of native Large White × Large White of Ireland selection are submitted in the article. The studies were carried out under the conditions of Selection-Hybrid Center of the JSC «Permsky Pig-Breeding Complex» of Perm region. The biochemical blood parameters were used to assess the physiological condition and performance of replacement young pigs to be slaughtered at the weight of 100 and 130 kg. The studies conducted allowed the finding out of animals most adapted to breeding under the conditions of industrial technologies.


The cardiac single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is an important research topic because of the large clinical demand and the need for improving image quality. It usually suffers from low count sensitivity and poor spatial resolution due to patient radiation safety concerns. In this study, hybrid cardiac imaging integrating elliptical orbit SPECT (E-SPECT) with computed tomography (CT) is proposed to better obtain the anatomical and physiological information of the cardiac and vascular systems. The geometric structure of this proposed hybrid imaging system is similar to that of an ellipse, containing multiple detectors with slit-slat collimation. The hybrid imaging system utilizes the elliptical geometry and multi-detectors to improve the sensitivity and signal to noise ratio (SNR), and incorporates a CT scanner into the system to obtain an accurate attenuation mapping matrix of the patient for image reconstruction. The iterative reconstruction algorithm with some constraints is used to reconstruct images. The constraint-based body contour is introduced to deal with severely truncated data from E-SPECT. The feasibility and advantage of the system is validated by simulations. Simulation results show that it is optimal for system design and the quality of reconstructed images are greatly improved. With an optimal sampling coverage angle between 210° and 240°, the hybrid cardiac imaging system proposed in the paper can achieves significant improvements in image spatial resolution, SNR and image fidelity.


In the public teaching of non-computer professional VB programming in colleges and universities,because most of the students are lack of knowledge of programming language and program structure,it′s difficult for them to achieve a deep understanding of programming,and even harder to compare with the programmers who immersed in the code world.In order to achieve better teaching results in the limited teaching time,based on the Flow Theory,analyze the teaching process and try to find the way to improve teaching performance from the program design itself,and ultimately understand the programming nature and the value of the program design.


In view of the problem of quartz flexible accelerometer output which is influenced by temperature, through the 12 gravity rolling experiment method, the temperature model of the partial value and the scaling factor of the accelerometer can be established in the designed experimental platform. Thus, the temperature compensation model of the accelerometer can be determined. It basically eliminates the output error of the accelerometer which varies with the temperature and improves the output precision of the accelerometer.


User packaging interaction (UPI) has evolved in packaging research because of its importance to users, manufacturers, and designers. A great deal of work addressing problems and suggesting potential improvements has been directed toward UPI. However, this work is not easily accessible to researchers as it lacks a cohesive structure. This paper serves as a platform for UPI researchers by presenting previous work UPI in an organized structure based on stages of interaction. Over 100 articles were reviewed to identify the scope of research in this area and then categorized according to stages of interaction. During the review of more articles, these stages of interaction were modified to ensure that they reflected all the reviewed articles. The review process resulted in the enumeration of the following stages: at point of purchase, checking out, handling, opening, and disposal. The related articles in each category are presented and discussed, and potential future work is presented. The articles were further categorized according to the age and gender of users under test, and packaging and product types considered. The review process has revealed different issues in the current research structure of UPI including the comprehensibility of the conducted research and the distribution of the reviewed articles. On the basis of this review, a model is proposed for improving the UPI by quantitatively evaluating the package design and affordances provided at each interaction stage.


To bridge the semantic gap in content-based image retrieval, detecting meaningful visual entities (e.g. faces, sky, foliage, buildings etc) in image content and classifying images into semantic categories based on trained pattern classifiers have become active research trends. In this paper, we present dual cascading learning frameworks that extract and combine intra-image and inter-class semantics for image indexing and retrieval.In the supervised learning version, support vector detectors are trained on semantic support regions without image segmentation. The reconciled and aggregated detection-based indexes then serve as input for support vector learning of image classifiers to generate class-relative image indexes. During retrieval, similarities based on both indexes are combined to rank images.In the unsupervised learning approach, image classifiers are first trained on local image blocks from a small number of labeled images. Then local semantic patterns are discovered from clustering the image blocks with high classification output. Training samples are induced from cluster memberships for support vector learning to form local semantic pattern detectors. During retrieval, similarities based on local class pattern indexes and discovered pattern indexes are combined to rank images.Query-by-example experiments on 2400 unconstrained consumer photos with 16 semantic queries show that the combined matching aproaches are better than matching with single indexes. Both the supervised semantics design and the semantics discovery approaches also outperformed the linear fusion of color and texture features significantly in average precisions by 55% and 37% respectively.


T HAS recently been suggested by a number of eminent scientists that man is slowly but surely poisoning his environment by the toxicity of the wastes produced by industry and the home, and that unless pollution in its various forms is quickly and effectively checked, irreversible damage may be caused to the delicate balance of nature. Pollution of the atmosphere is just one of the ways in which the inexorable progress of 'civilization' is changing the environment and although complaints of smoke pollution from the use of coal have been made almost since the days when it was first used, it is only during the past 150 years that the variety, concentration and toxicity of pollutants which now contribute to the


Electrochromic thin films of tungsten oxide (WO3) were prepared on transparent conducting oxide substrates, i.e., fluorine doped tin oxide coated (FTO or SnO2:F) glass and microscopic glass substrates by the electron beam evaporation technique using pure WO3 (99.99%) pellets at various substrate temperatures (i.e., Tsub = room temperature (RT, 30 °C), 100 °C and 200 °C). The films were prepared under vacuum of the order of 1 × 10−5 mbar. The room temperature prepared films were further post-heat-treated (Tanne) at 200 and 300 °C for about 1 h in the vacuum environment. The prepared films are in monoclinic phase. The chemical composition has been characterized by using the XPS technique. The W 4f and O 1s core levels of WO3 films have been studied on the samples. The obtained core level binding energies revealed the WO3 films contained six-valent tungsten (W6+). The electrochemical nature of the films was studied by a three-electrode electrochemical cell in the configuration of FTO/WO3/H2SO4/Pt, SCE, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) of the general type FTO/WO3/electrolyte/FTO were studied. The films produced at higher substrate temperature show smaller modulation of the visible spectrum, compared with the films produced at lower temperatures. The significant chemical bonding nature associated with the coloring/bleaching process which follows the H+ ion incorporation in the film is studied by FTIR analysis. The W–O–W framework peak was observed at 563 cm−1 and confirms the stability of the films in the electrochemical analysis. The results obtained from cyclic voltammetry technique and ECD cell characterization are used to emphasize the suitability for some applications of the solar control systems.


Abstract.  1. Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, harbour a range of facultative accessory bacteria (secondary symbionts), including those informally known as PASS (R‐type), PAR, PABS (T‐type), and PAUS (U‐type).


The article is devoted to the development of the initial theoretical and methodological provisions for the study of profile of modern Ukrainian manager. The results ofthe corresponding applied empirical analysis carried out by the authors are presented. The characteristics of the features of modern Ukrainian manager in the context of existing models of national business cultures are given.


Due to the long-term threat that it poses, COVID-19 has become an important problem for businesses, and therefore, for national economies. Obviously, organizations that have survived this process will be able to continue with more stability and will gain significant gains in terms of organizational resilience. The aim of this study is to investigate the strategies of businesses to meet the challenges of the COVID-19 period and the subsequent recovery process from the perspective of human resources, leaders, and corporate structure. From this point of view, this study was carried out with a case study, which is one of the qualitative research designs. During the data collection process of the study, interviews were conducted with fifteen senior managers of businesses operating in various sectors, selected by the purposive sampling technique. The data obtained from the in-depth and semi structured interviews were subjected to thematic analysis in a case study design. The findings, which are divided under the three main headings of human resources, leadership, and organization/system, point to the following results: In terms of human resources: experience, generating ideas, psychological resilience, and commitment to the organization and its culture;in terms of leadership: valuing the employees, analytical thinking, foresight, quick decision making and prudence;and in terms of organization/system: positive financial situation, quick response to the market, the effectiveness of alternative solutions, effective use of digital infrastructure and online commerce, as well as effective communication/ cooperation, contribute effectively to organizational resilience.


We studied the dynamics of changes in periodontal tissues, tooth sensitivity, as well as the state of mucosal immunity when using the ASEPTA® Remineralization toothbrush (Vertex Co., St. Petersburg, Russia) in adults. It has been shown that the continuous use of ASEPTA® Remineralization toothpaste with hydroxyapatite, thermal mud, the plant enzyme papain, extracts of eleutherococcus and calendula after performing professional oral hygiene eliminates inflammation in the gums and dental hyperesthesia, ensuring good individual oral hygiene, normalization the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with a shift towards a decrease in the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as an increase in the synthesis of secretory immunoglobulin A, which allows us to recommend this toothpaste for people with inflammatory periodontal pathology and dental hyperesthesia.


Results of a test for differential performance applied to data for universal and non‐universal banks revealed that the performance of universal banks was not superior to that of the non‐universal banks. The study, therefore, does not support the performance theory as a basis for the global trend towards universal banking. Rather, there is implied support for the theory that loss of comparative advantage by commercial banks in the credit market and an increasingly competitive global market for financial services are both pushing major countries to adopt the universal model. Specific attention was given to the NAFTA countries bordering the USA. A test for convergence revealed that relatively new universal banks in those countries were converging towards the performance levels of other established universal systems; the project impact on the non‐universal US banking system in the 1990s is of serious concern.


●Abstract● Objective: We describe the cases of two patients with ruptured aneurysms of the distal anterior choroidal artery AChA that were embolized using n-butyl cyanoacrylate NBCA . Case presentation: Patient . A -year-old female presented with intracerebral hemorrhage due to a ruptured distal AChA aneurysm located on collaterals running from the lateral posterior choroidal artery LPChA to the AChA. The internal carotid artery between the origin of the posterior communicating artery and the AChA was severely stenosed. A microcatheter was navigated into the LPChA via the posterior communicating artery and then % NBCA was injected during balloon occlusion at the origin of the LPChA. This strategy obliterated the aneurysm without complications. Patient . A -year-old female presented with intracerebral hemorrhage due to a ruptured distal AChA aneurysm located on the plexal segment of the AChA, which was a feeding artery of an arteriovenous malformation. A microcatheter was navigated into the AChA beyond the junction of the LPChA. An injection of % NBCA obliterated the aneurysm and the arteriovenous malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed asymptomatic infarction at the posterior thalamus. Conclusion: Embolization of AChA beyond the plexal point is considered safe. However, NBCA migrating into the cisternal segment of the AChA and the occlusion of the perforating arteries supplying the thalamus from the plexal segment of the AChA confer a potential risk of infarction. ●Key Words● anterior choroidal artery aneurysms, embolization, n-butyl cyanoacrylate NBCA


Synopsis: Theoretical conceptions of the small-scale model experiments and summarized results of the experiments mainly performed in England are described. It is more easy, more efficient and less expensive to study combustion problems in the open-hearth furnace (i. e. gaseous mixing, flow pattern and transfer of heat) by means of small-scale models which preserve the necessary similar conditions such as the Reynolds number, the Froude number and the Thring number, rather than to investigate the problems by operating actual furnaces. Within a comparatively few years, the construction of a model furnace prior to building of a newly designed furnace will be considered as essential just like now adopted in case of aircraft and ship building.


Sintering,as the most important process in preparation of binderless C/C composites,was investigated,in which sintering approach and scheme was closely related with the properties of final product.The main effects on property was analysed.Pressureless sintering and gas pressure sintering processes were compared.Experimental results indicate that slow heating at 0.7-1.7℃/min(or 40-100℃/h)between 300 and 700℃,binderless C/C composites withgood property can be obtained.


The invention discloses a deep sludge dehydration treatment device and a treatment method thereof. The deep sludge dehydration treatment device comprises a screw conveying and extrusion integral machine and an extrusion dehydration chamber, wherein the screw conveying and extrusion integral machine comprises a conveying shell and a screw shaft of a varying pitch; the extrusion dehydration chamber comprises a left filtering plate, a right filtering plate and a middle filtering plate; the left filtering plate and the right filtering plate are opened outwards or closed inwards by taking the middle filtering plate as a shaft. By adopting the deep sludge dehydration treatment device, the problems that in the prior art sludge is high in water content after being treated and the operation cost is high can be solved.


&NA; Immunoperoxidase studies were performed on 8 granular cell tumours using various intermediate filament proteins, as well as lysozyme, S‐100 protein, and lectins. All the lesions gave negative results to cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and lysozyme. One was positive for alpha‐1‐antitrypsin and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin. S‐100 protein and lectins (Concanavalin ensiformis and Triticum vulgaris) were uniformly positive in all the lesions. S‐100 protein positivity would indicate that granular cell tumours are of neural or neuroectodermal origin, although the cell type involved is not clear. There is no obvious explanation for the lectin‐binding properties of granular tumour cells. It is hoped that further studies will evaluate the usefulness of lectin histochemistry in defining the nature of granular cell tumours.


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By 2004 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was claimed to be the fourth most important cause of death worldwide,1 and its global prevalence and mortality are on the increase.2 Smoking accounts for about 75% of cases,3 but environmental exposures to tobacco smoke and other pollutants such as biomass fuels and occupational exposures may account for the remaining cases.4 5 6 COPD is a progressive disease, and in the later stages patients have frequent admissions to hospital, with over a third being readmitted in 30 days, contributing to an annual cost of £800m (€1bn; $1.24bn) in the UK.7 In the UK concern has …


A detailed study was made of the effects of yarn friction on the magnitude of the tensions developed in the knitting zone of the standard weft-knitting machine and the in fluence of these tensions on loop formation and fabric quality. Variations in loop length of ±10% due to changes in yarn friction may be experienced at given cam settings and input tensions and these variations can be explained by the phenomenon of "robbing-back." A geometrical model of loop formation is suggested as a means of mathematically predicting the values of the developed tensions, and the position and magnitude of the maximum knitting tensions Tk within the knitting zone, knowing the coefficient of yarn friction μ. This analysis suggests that the knitted loop length depends on the position of Tk rather than on the magnitude of Tk, but that fabric holes and "press-offs" are caused by Tk exceeding the breaking load of the yarn. For high values of μ, Tk exceeds the breaking load more readily than for low values. It is predicted that redesign of the conventional cam system to decrease the number of yarn/metal contact surfaces may reduce the values of Tk by 70% for high-friction yarns and by 50% for low-friction yarns, for the same cam setting and input tension.


Immunolocalization studies of rheumatoid tissues employing specific synovial collagenase antibody have demonstrated immunoreactive enzyme at the cartilage/pannus junction. Collagenase was not detected in chondrocytes or the cartilage matrix remote from the resorbing front, and relatively little enzyme was observed in the hypertrophied synovial membrane itself. These observations directly support the idea that synovial collagenase participates in cartilage erosion in rheumatoid arthritis.


Merchant transmission investments are regarded as a potential element of a fully liberalized electricity industry. However, the strategic interactions between a large number of merchant investors and the social efficiency of the emerging transmission planning outcome have not been satisfactorily investigated yet. In this context, this paper proposes a novel game-theoretic approach, modeling the competing investors as a continuum of players and characterizing the outcome of merchant transmission planning as a Nash equilibrium. This outcome is compared against the centralized planning solution in a number of case studies, under different assumptions. The presented results strongly suggest that the merchant planning paradigm is capable of maximizing social welfare only when fixed investment costs are neglected and the network is strictly radial. As these conditions do not generally hold in reality, these findings indicate the necessity of further studies and regulatory interventions for an efficient deployment of the merchant planning paradigm.


Based on the content of the galangal's essential oil which can be used as antimicroorganism, analgesic, and antiseptic characterize with inhibiting and estructing microorgnism life process, it is predicted that there is a possibility of essential oil can be use for anti-inflammatory agent. Nitric-oxie (NO) is an unstable gas produced by cell such as macrophage and has the function as antimicroorganism. The aim of this study was to investigate whther essential oil of galangal components has an effect to the macrophage NO production, which stimulated by LPS E. coli. The both curative and preventive analysis using ANOVA showed that the NO productions differences were significant (p<0,01). The study showed that the NO levels produced by marine macrophages induced by LPS E. coli were suppressed by essential oil in a dose dependent fashion, suggesting antiinflammatory activities. Curatively, increased doses of the essential oil resulted in increased its anti-inflammatory functions. Five micro liter of the essential oil was preventively the most concentration as anti inflammation.


Kawasaki disease(KD) is an acute self limiting vasculitis and probably the most common vasculitis in pediatric age group. It has become the commonest cause of acquired heart disease in west as well as in the east replacing the rheumatic fever. The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease is entirely clinical with none of the clinical features are path gnomic. It may present with many typical as well as with atypical features. Here we present a case of Kawasaki disease where a 3 years old boy presented with atypical KD with bilateral ptosis.


A data fusion system based on independent component analysis (ICA) has been applied to remove the negative effects produced by the lift-off variations of eddy current (EC) sensors, in the context of crack detection and recognition. Due to the sensor drift effect, EC magnitude and phase measurements are unavoidably affected by the lift-off noise that, in some cases, has a power content whose level is more than comparable to the defect related signal level. A set of measurements carried out on the specimen under inspection are sent as input to a neural network trained to perform the ICA of the input data: each sample measurement can be interpreted as a linear combination of quasi-independent signals related to measurement noise, lift-off noise and flaw presence. The basic work hypothesis is that the lift-off signal is present in multiple "views" of the specimen in the form of correlated noise. As a consequence, the ICA will be able to fuse the knowledge provided by magnitude and phase signals in different measuring contexts, in order to extract the lift-off noise from the input signals and to separate it from the signal related to the crack.


The antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols (TP) and the cooperative antioxidant activity of TP and other natural antioxidants were determined by using ferric reducing /antioxidant power assay(FRAP) established by Benzie and Strain. The results showed that it showed the highest antioxidant activity when the concentration of EGCG in tea catechins was 40%~50%. The cooperative antioxidant activity of antioxidants was related to the antioxidant activity of antioxidants themselves and the effective concentration of antioxidants. A weak activity was showed when the effective concentration of antioxidants was low, and as the concentration increased, the cooperative activity was increasing until the maximum synergizing effect, and then, the synergizing effect on antioxidant activity declined.


On June 1, 2006, the house lights dimmed at the Wall Street Journal's All Things Digital conference. On the large screens flanking the stage, a film called the "Winds of Change" started. In the film, a dignified white-haired spokesman standing in front of sentimental images of puppies, babies, balloons and birthday parties began talking about the "golden days" at Kodak--the days of the "Kodak moment" in photography. Signaling a shift in the tone of the film, the spokesman looked straight into the camera and said, "Get's ya misty, doesn't it? Yep, they shoveled on the schmaltz pretty thick--but that kinda crap doesn't work anymore." Now people wanted everything to be digital, the speaker stressed, becoming more frenzied as he spoke about digital photography and Kodak's role in it. The viewing audience chortled when the speaker intoned, You thought they (Kodak) were just hiding out waiting for this 'digital thing' to blow over didn't you? Oh, sure. For a while they were like, 'Ohhh, there's no way digital's going to catch on' ... But now Kodak's back! With swelling enthusiasm, the spokesman extolled Kodak's research and development in digital photography, ending by pulling at his hair and exclaiming, "You were a Kodak moment once and by God, you'll be one again.. .only this time its digital. Whooo-yeah!" (1) The spokesman appeared somewhat startled by his own outburst and sheepishly walked off stage as the film ended and the lights came up. Wall Street Journal columnist, Kara Swisher then welcomed Kodak CEO, Antonio Perez to the stage to the audience's vigorous applause and cheers. Paul Simon's song, "Kodachrome" played as Perez took the stage. Swisher began her interview saying, "That was a really funny movie. I liked that film!" Her first question, however, was not so approving. "What happened," she asked as Perez settled into his chair, "What from your perspective happened at Kodak--because it was one of the greatest brands in history?" (2) Perez responded without hesitation, saying: First of all there was this notion that came out of incredible success. The notion was that maybe if Kodak doesn't move into digital-the imaging world will never move into digital. ... They (Kodak) were running a business with gross margins between 60-70% and those things are hard to let go, especially when you are confronting a business model that is going to give you, if you are lucky, something around 30%. So that means that you have to change the whole company. From the way you design, to the way you manufacture, to the way you distribute, you know ... the whole thing. It is very tough. So Kodak is very late to the digital space. But Kodak was not late in investing in digital. Kodak was very rich. Kodak hired very good people and those people were actually doing the right things. Li the last fifteen years, Kodak developed one of the most impressive IP (intellectual property) portfolios--in digital capture, image processing, pixel technology and all sorts of things... color management, you name it--actually a leader in all of those spaces. Now, why didn't they commercialize that? I don't know. (3) Referencing Kodak's transition from traditional photography to digital, Swisher asked, "So, how did you get the film people out-because it's a film company?" Perez described his approach saying, Basically, the model that I used when I visited the factories was looking at the audience and say, "How many [of you] have a digital camera? At that time it was about 60%, and I would say, well, you are the problem we have. We either move to digital--we either do this transformation effectively--or this company basically will cease to exist. There is nothing else. There is no time to argue about it.... This is over. We are already very late but we do have the tools that we need to make this happen. …


This artmle presents an exphcit formula for the value of a withdrawal benefit when the times of death and withdrawal are dependent. The denvauon is based on an actuarml eqmvalence principle. As a specml case, we show that m the fully continuous case, the withdrawal benefit is the reserve when the decrements are independent We also present a definmon of ant,selecUon and prove that the withdrawal benefit will be smaller under antxselection.


Computer simulators are widely used to describe and explore physical processes. In some cases, several simulators are available, each with a different degree of fidelity, for this task. In this work, we combine field observations and model runs from deterministic multifidelity computer simulators to build a predictive model for the real process. The resulting model can be used to perform sensitivity analysis for the system, solve inverse problems, and make predictions. Our approach is Bayesian and is illustrated through a simple example, as well as a real application in predictive science at the Center for Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics at the University of Michigan. The Matlab code that is used for the analyses is available from the online supplementary materials.


At present, almost no denoising method can effectively suppress the seismic random noise in different areas. This phenomenon is partially because of two reasons: 1) the variable dominant frequency (DF) distribution of random noise in different areas and 2) the different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the seismic data acquired from different areas. We have developed a deep-learning denoising method to suppress the random noise in different areas based on convolutional neural network (CNN). For a certain area, we leverage the wave equation and power spectrum analysis to construct a noise set whose DF distribution is close to that of the real random noise in this area, and then a CNN denoising model for this area can be obtained via the training of this noise set. In addition, an energy ratio factor is used to adjust the energy ratio of effective signal patch and noise patch in the training process, so as to improve the generalization ability of CNN denoising model to different SNRs. Experiments demonstrate that our method can effectively suppress the random noise in different areas and completely recover the effective events.


Left-truncated and censored survival data are commonly encountered in medical studies. However, traditional inferential methods that heavily rely on normality assumptions often fail when lifetimes of observations in a study are both truncated and censored. Thus, it is important to develop alternative inferential procedures that ease the assumptions of normality and unconventionally relies on the distribution of data in hand. In this research, a three parameter log-normal parametric survival model was extended to incorporate left-truncated and right censored medical data with covariates. Following that, bootstrap inferential procedures using non-parametric and parametric bootstrap samples were applied to the parameters of this model. The performance of the parameter estimates was assessed at various combinations of truncation and censoring levels via a simulation study. The recommended bootstrap intervals were applied to a lung cancer survival data.


Objective To study the relationship between pre-kidney transplantation transfusion and panel reactive antibody(PRA).Methods From Jan.2003 to Apr.2006,there were total 1 034 patients including 374 patients which had been transfused before the kidney transplantation.The PRA ranges were analyzed by antigen detected trays(One lanmbda and GTI company).Results The 374 patients including 136 male and 238 female were detected.The positive rate of male and female patients were 11.76%(16/136) and 20.59%(49/238) respectively.Conclusion Transfusion is one of important factors in PRA.The incidence of female patients with antibody is higher than that of male patients.


In western part of Sweden 80 km of a new motorway and a new high speed railway will be constructed on soft, high-plastic clay. In order to reduce the settlements and improve the stability conditions of the embankments, lime-cement columns will be used extensively, i.e. some 9 million linear metres of columns will be installed. Already during the feasibility studies, in year 2000, a large amount of test-columns were installed in order to study their geo mechanical properties (strength, stiffness, permeability). Furthermore 3 full-scale test embankments, founded on lime-cement columns not reaching firm bottom were constructed in year 2001. The test embankments were considered necessary due to lack of reliable design methods for estimating consolidation settlements of embankments founded on floating columns. The embankments were heavily instrumented in order to study the settlements of the embankments.


The status of MEMS technology is reviewed with particular emphasis on materials issues therein. The materials issues in MEMS is very important thus different MEMS materials are used in this paper to analyze the effect of fringing fields like silicon, polysilicon, silver, copper and gold. Each of these materials is addressed with particular emphasis on the potential impact of fringing field. Copper produces maximum fringing effect followed by Silver, Gold, Polysilicon and Silicon.


A method to filter fluctuations in the hydrophysical properties of the continental shelf, caused by intense internal tides, is proposed. The method is based...


The coming-into-being of the Correct Interpretation of the Five Classics in the early period of theTang Dynasty brought about an unprecedented unity in the studies on Confucian Classics in history.Kong Ying-da,who compiled the Correct Interpretation of the Five Classics under imperial instructions,only chose ZuoChuan(the Zuo Commentary or Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals) out of the "three Commentaries" as reference to interpret the Spring and Autumn Annals and he repeatedly rendered his interpretation in conformityto the Zuo Commentary,making the Zuo Commentary the predominant authority in interpreting the Spring and Autumn Annals.There was even a prevailing tendency of "keeping the Zuo Commentary while deserting the Clas-sics" at that time.However,Dan Zhu,Zhao Kuang and others,who were representatives of the New School of over the future of their country.Studies on the Spring and Autumn Annals,greatly questioned and depreciated the Zuo Commentary after the"Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Siming" in the Mid-Tang Dynasty.Dan Zhu,Zhao Kuang,etc.had lost the pure academic manner due to their political ideals in their books.Certainly,they showed their sincere concern


SARS‐CoV‐2, as a new pandemic disease, affected the world. Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids are the main metabolites of human gut microbiota. The positive effects of SCFAs have been shown in infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza, and rhinovirus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the concentration of SCFAs in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 compared with the healthy group.


"from drafting to teaching them, constitutions frame his world." That's how a Virginia newspaper headlined a profile of A. E. Dick Howard. Howard, the article went on to say, "has made a career of thinking about constitutions, how they work, and how they affect the day-to-day lives of the people who live under them. He has passed his ideas to others—teaching constitutional law to thousands of students at the University of Virginia, helping to draft Virginia's 1971 Constitution, and consulting in the drafting of more than a dozen constitutions worldwide." When he is asked which aspect of his work he especially enjoys, Howard is quick to say that he is never happier than when engaging with his students—in the classroom, in seminars, in consultation on independent research projects. But he also embraces opportunities outside the academy, believing that what he does in the world enlarges and informs his teaching and scholarship. Howard has made his mark not only by analyzing and commenting upon his principal interests—the Supreme Court of the United States, the Constitution of Virginia, Anglo-American constitutionalism and civic education, constitution-making in other countries, and comparative constitutionalism—but also by actively participating in them.


Waterborne paint for interior wall is modified with inorganic nano-TiO2. The results indicate that the nano-particle is evenly distributed in the coating film when the amount of nano-TiO2 is up to 2.5%,as a result,the coating film is smooth and dense,the storage stability and alkali-resistance of the paint are markedly improved,the drying time is largely shortened,the adhesion and water resistance are superior to these of the common waterborne interior wall paint,and especially its scrubbing resistance are almost increased 10 times.


Extensive research on the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, carbon cycle modeling, and the characterization of atmospheric aerosols has been carried out in China during the last 10 years or so. This paper presents the major achievements in the fields of emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural lands,carbon cycle modeling, the characterization of Asian mineral dust, source identification of the precursors of the tropospheric ozone, and observations of the concentrations of atmospheric organic compounds.Special, more detailed information on the emissions of methane from rice fields and the physical and chemical characteristics of mineral aerosols are presented.


An augmented Hammerstein model (AHM) is proposed for the first time to calibrate a six-port-based receiver (SPR) and to recover the in-phase I and the quadrature Q components of a modulated wideband RF signal. The proposed model is intended to provide a good compromise between complexity and accuracy. To verify the performance of the resulting calibration approach, an experimental validation has been performed with an SPR driven by wideband modulated signals with different bandwidths. An error vector magnitude between the transmitted and received signals of 2.17 and 1.33% has been reported for 64-QAM signals with 4 and 2 MHz bandwidths, respectively. The obtained measurement results have revealed the robustness and the superiority of the AHM-based single-step calibration technique compared with the two-step conventional procedure. Moreover, the AHM achieved the same performance as the published memory polynomial model while requiring ∼60% less coefficients leading to a less complexity calibration procedure with a lower number of calibration parameters and flops.


Cesium iodide (CsI) and sodium iodide (NaI) are good scintillators due to their high luminescence efficiency. These alkali halides can be excited by ultra-violet or by ionizing radiation. In this study, CsI and its Na-doped films about 8 μm thick were deposited by thermal evaporation boat without heating substrates at high deposition rates of 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 nm/sec, respectively. The as-deposited films were sequentially deposited a silicon dioxide film to protect from deliquesce. And, the films were also post-annealed in vacuum at 150, 200, 250, and 300 °C, respectively. We calculated the packing densities of the samples according to the measurements of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and observed the luminescence properties by photoluminescence (PL) system. The surfaces and cross sections of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). From the above measurements we can find the optimal deposition rate of 90 nm/sec and post-annealing temperature of 250 °C in vacuum for the asdeposited cesium iodide and its sodium-doped films.


In secure distributed matrix multiplication (SDMM) the multiplication $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}$ from two private matrices $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ is outsourced by a user to $N$ distributed servers. In $\ell$-SDMM, the goal is to a design a joint communication-computation procedure that optimally balances conflicting communication and computation metrics without leaking any information on both $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ to any set of $\ell\leq N$ servers. To this end, the user applies coding with $\tilde{\mathbf{A}}_i$ and $\tilde{\mathbf{B}}_i$ representing encoded versions of $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ destined to the $i$-th server. Now, SDMM involves multiple tradeoffs. One such tradeoff is the tradeoff between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) costs. To find a good balance between these two metrics, we propose two schemes which we term USCSA and GSCSA that are based on secure cross subspace alignment (SCSA). We show that there are various scenarios where they outperform existing SDMM schemes from the literature with respect to the UL-DL efficiency. Next, we implement schemes from the literature, including USCSA and GSCSA, and test their performance on Amazon EC2. Our numerical results show that USCSA and GSCSA establish a good balance between the time spend on the communication and computation in SDMMs. This is because they combine advantages of polynomial codes, namely low time for the upload of $\left(\tilde{\mathbf{A}}_i,\tilde{\mathbf{B}}_i\right)_{i=1}^{N}$ and the computation of $\mathbf{O}_i=\tilde{\mathbf{A}}_i\tilde{\mathbf{B}}_i$, with those of SCSA, being a low timing overhead for the download of $\left(\mathbf{O}_i\right)_{i=1}^{N}$ and the decoding of $\mathbf{A}\mathbf{B}$.


Many tech companies exploit psychological vulnerabilities to design digital interfaces that maximize the frequency and duration of user visits. Consequently, users often report feeling dissatisfied with time spent on such services. Prior work has developed typologies of damaging design patterns (or dark patterns) that contribute to financial and privacy harms, which has helped designers to resist these patterns and policymakers to regulate them. However, we are missing a collection of similar problematic patterns that lead to attentional harms. To close this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review for what we call 'attention capture damaging patterns' (ACDPs). We analyzed 43 papers to identify their characteristics, the psychological vulnerabilities they exploit, and their impact on digital wellbeing. We propose a definition of ACDPs and identify eleven common types, from Time Fog to Infinite Scroll. Our typology offers technologists and policymakers a common reference to advocate, design, and regulate against attentional harms.


This paper deals with the response to water stress and drought resistance during seedling stage of Luomai9133,Lankaoaizao8,Jimai21 and Jimai20 in order to evaluate their ability of drought resistance.The results show that leaf water potential decreased with soil water decreasing,proline content,permeability of plasma membrane,SOD activity and POD activity increased with soil water decreasing.According to comprehensive evaluation,the sequence of drought resistance ability of four varieties is as follows: Luomai9133Jimai20Jimai21Lankaoaizao8.


Wet method process preparation of finalproduct iron oxide red from sulfureous iron ore residue isintroduced.Higher purity of mid-product green vitriol canimprove the quality of iron oxide red.In order to removeimpurities of ore residue,methods of repeated filtration,reagent addititon and recrystallization are applid to improvemid-product purity.Several pieces of feasible advice are putforward to realize the process'industrialization.


In this paper is proposed a novel predictive controller to improve the Power Electronic Load (PEL) dynamic. Moreover, details of the developed three-phase PEL prototype (25 kVA) are provided with capability of burn-in-test series, shunt and series-shunt power conditioners. In order to validate the load emulation effectiveness and dynamic improvement, experimental results and a power flow analysis are provided.


Abstract : This paper considers the optimal assembly of n systems from components of k types. Special cases of such a problem have been studied earlier in the literature. El-Neweihi, Proschan and Sethuraman(1986) studied the case of a single type of components. Derman, Leiberman and Ross(1972) considered the case where each system consisted of one component of each of k types. We generalize the ideas of both of these papers to the case where the systems may consist of varying numbers of components from more than one type. An assembly of the n systems corresponds to a partitioning A of the components to the different systems. For more details see Section 2. When the components act independently, we show in sections 2 and 3 that an intuitively motivated partitioning A* provides the optimal assembly under many different criteria. In Section 3, we allow each system to have dependent components, and under some general conditions on the reliability function we show that the same partitioning A * provides an optimal assembly. The results of this paper are based on the well known techniques of Schur- functions and majorization. This makes them clear and simple and at the same time more general than in the papers cited.


Firstly, the paper analyzed the accidents that occurred in recent years in Beijing, using security systems engineering. Secondly, by studying lots of literature, the risk assessment index-system of city gas transmission and distribution networks was determined from cause of the accident. The last, the weights to the risk factors were determined using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), and the model of risk assessment based on CIM (Controlled Interval and Memory) model was built. This model has a guiding significance for scientific management of city gas transmission and distribution networks, and preventing the accident effectively.


A projected continuum formulation for time‐independent quantum scattering from a continuum of channels is presented and applied to atomic scattering from disordered surfaces. Projecting out the channel continua gives rise to explicitly constructed optical potentials for the coherently diffracted scattering amplitudes, while the continuum diffuse scattering contribution is obtained in terms of these wave functions. Numerical application is made to atomic scattering from weakly corrugated disordered surfaces, for which a truncated set of coupled equations can be used within which the theory is shown to be unitary. The occurrence of a new phenomenon of disorder‐induced sticking on rigid surfaces is demonstrated and comparison with phonon‐induced sticking is made. These new disorder‐induced sticking processes are shown to have very different energy dependence than phonon‐induced sticking, with strong resonant sticking and oscillatory behavior seen at low incident energies.


In this paper, the congestion control algorithms in wireless technolologies are analysed. It has been found that TCP VEGAS is better than other TCP variants for sending data and information due to better delivery fraction and average end to end delay. But it has a consistent window size for packet transmission. Congestion Avoidance can resolve Congestion effectively and has higher average throughput than slow start due to the ability to deal with random loss. Cross layer Congestion Control require significant power and memory corresponding to network bandwidth. So to overcome all these problems, here we analyse the performance of AIMD, TFRC and TCP congestion control protocol. After observing simulation results, it is found that GAIMD is better than TFRC in terms of throughput and TFRC is better than GAIMD in terms of smoothness.


A radar imaging method is proposed for early cancer detection using difference between the radar response of the left and right breasts. In this study, only the glandular tissue was taken from MRI images of several breast cancer patients, and the bilateral symmetry of the mammary gland structure was quantitatively evaluated. Even in cancer patients, the correlation between right and left glandular tissue showed high values of 0.71 to 0.88. Based on this fact, the backscattering caused by cancer is revealed by radar imaging using the difference between the radar response of the right and left breasts. This method is effective even in a lower band than the conventional ultra-wideband method. Since the same equipment can be used for tomography, the proposed method is a strong alternative method for early breast cancer detection.