A plausible Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based Oxygen Vacancy (OV) hole trap activation model was recently proposed to explain the High Temperature-Gate Bias (HTGB) stress-induced additional threshold voltage instability in 4H-Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) power MOSFETs. In this model, certain originally electrically `inactive' OVs were shown to structurally transform over time to form switching oxide hole traps during HTGB stressing. Here, we use this model to perform transient simulation of the buildup of hole-trapped OVs in HTGB-stressed 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. This is shown to correlate well with the recently observed excessive worsening of threshold voltage instability in HTGB-stressed 4H-SiC power MOSFETs. This helps to validate the role of OVs in the degradation of high-temperature reliability of these devices.


The paper proposes the modest model of 'New Linguistic World Order'. In particular, the paper tries to highlight advantages that 'alternative sociolinguistics' will have over the existing sociolinguistics based on the present sociolinguistic realities. It also addresses this problem by proposing the idea of 'alternative sociolinguistics' as a part of solution in rescuing sociolinguistics from a sign of inadequacy, inefficiency, unpopularity, sheer laziness - or, even from plain bad luck. With 'alternative sociolinguistics', it will enormously be easier to deal with emerging linguistic circumstances which are not akin to the decent linguistic life in the West. There is no denying the fact that the existing sociolinguistic model, especially with the rise of 'new linguistic world order', has become woefully inadequate. This in turn is necessitating withdrawal of the western ownership on sociolinguistics to avoid further theoretical congestion. This will not only scrub out theoretical deficits sociolinguistics incur in today's world - in fact, it will even transform linguistics into efficient multidisciplinary by adding up new visibility in preview of new trends. Exploring 'Alternative Sociolinguistics' is not just the right thing to do it, it is also smart thing to be done by alternative west - obviously, not so much in the name of resistance to western sociolinguistic theories; but more importantly, safeguarding sociolinguistics from becoming more venerable in the emergence of New Linguistic World Order. The 'New Linguistic World Order' appears to be a site of seemingly unprecedented linguistic reshuffling where in the West is reduced to the dark side and the alternative- West is privileged with positive side. From here linguists can begin with dissenting voices against Old Linguistic World Order that the West had nurtured over the centuries. Opposite the direction, there is an absolute fear from the corner that one may still consider the new order arbitrary. Such an attempt would be an example of moral deficit of international community as the idea of 'New Linguistic World Order' stresses desirable and justified linguistic direction for which the situation is neither beyond reach nor beyond remedy. The debate on the issue must be welcomed as long as the present order belongs to everyone and the credit for the same goes to everyone.


During a great magnetic storm on Feb 11, 1958, a fan-shaped aurora was photographed at Memambetsu, Hokkaido, Japan – the first and oldest photograph record of auroras observed in Japan, accompanied by many hand-made drawings, thus, portraying a rare opportunity of coexistence between photograph images and hand-made drawings. In fact, the same portrayal reminds us of the great red aurora with fan-shaped white pillars observed during the 1872 and 1770 great magnetic storms. The hand-made sketches, photographs, and the spectral data revealed that the white pillars and red glow of the fan-shaped aurora were dominated by auroral green and red lines, respectively. From the analysis of newly digitized microfilm data and hand-made drawings, we found that the fan-shaped aurora appeared during the peak activity of magnetic storm and moved westward at 0.4 km/s at 400-km altitude at 38°–40° magnetic latitudes, which is consistent with the enhanced convection pattern in the middle latitude at storm time. Such a fan-shaped aurora can fundamentally characterize the middle-latitude evening-to-midnight auroras during great magnetic storms, which show the most destabilized transient appearance of the inner magnetosphere.


In this paper, a three-dimensional dynamic model describing drug delivery and swelling behavior of polyelectrolyte gels was developed based on the Maxwell-Stefan equation and Bio-heat equation. COMSOL software was employed to simulate hydrogel swelling and the transportation of created automatically by COMSOL, and it had 78035 elements, which was unconcerned with the results. The results showed that Maxwell-Stefan equation and Bio-heat equation were suitable for modeling hydrogel behavior of swelling with temperature change. In addition, when temperature increased, the hydrogel swelling increased which also intensified drug release.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


With the rapid development of China's modernization, electric power energy has an important position in China's energy which provides energy security for the continuous rapid development of China's economy. With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the application of electric power and electronic technology in smart grid can effectively guarantee the electricity demand of people's daily life. Under the circumstances of economic globalization, the smart power grid has become the common direction of global power grid development. However, as an important means of smart grid operation, advanced power electronics technology is not only required by grid security, but also by the development of the power market. This paper analyzes the development status in China's power grid in detail, summarizing relevant experience, and analyzing the application strategy of power electronics technology in smart power grid. With the development of China's economy and the continuous progress of science and technology, various industries have come to a crucial stage of reform and upgrading. China's power grid system also began to develop in a new direction-smart power grid. Due to the excessive development and utilization of human beings on the earth's resources, the world has entered the stage of energy crisis, a smart grid technology can effectively improve the utilization rate of resources, it can make the conform to the actual demand of electricity regulation through a collection of integration of the whole grid power usage. What's more, the smart grid technology can balance the allocation and transportation of power, providing good technical support for the effective utilization of resources in China and promoting the sustainable development of China. 1. Advantages and characteristics of power electronics technology in smart grid 1.1 Significantly improve the safety and stability of power grid The previous role of the grid is guaranteed by the security and stability of the grid itself. Since its birth and development, the safety system and the stability of the grid itself are important development directions in any period, and the safety of smart grid is the primary issue. The development of modern power grid is becoming more and more automatic and intelligent, and the safety and the stability of power grid have been greatly improved. Smart power grid is equipped with advanced sensing technology and measurement technology, which can timely record collect the changes when the power grid itself changes, so as to facilitate the grid staff to manage and maintain the entire power grid and largely avoid the occurrence of dangerous accidents. And smart grid can withstand evil imperial foreign attack, in the years when technology develops rapidly, the grid system is also inevitably become the target of criminals, and the smart grid ability has the characteristics of self-healing and against attacks, it can carry on the key protection independent parts of key information, fully ensure the power grid in intelligence as well as its own security and job stability. 5th International Conference on Education, Management, Arts, Economics and Social Science (ICEMAESS 2018) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 264


CD4+ T cells are the key to many immune–inflammatory diseases mediated by microbial disorders, especially inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this study was to explore how pathogenic and probiotic bacteria directly affect the T helper (Th)17 and T regulatory (Treg) cell balance among CD4+ T cells to regulate inflammation.


■The distribution of urban and suburban office space varies greatly among metropolitan areas. There are five metropolitan areas where the majority of the metropolitan office space is found within the core central city (Houston, Dallas, Chicago, New York, and Denver) and five metropolitan areas with the majority of space in the suburbs (Philadelphia, Atlanta, Washington, DC, Miami, and Detroit). In three metropolitan areas (Boston, San Francisco, and Los Angeles), there is roughly even division.


Dairy cattle in Rondoniaare considered one of the most important sectors of the state's agribusiness, as one of the ways of increasing family income. Since milk is a perishable food, it requires a lot of care to reach consumer's table with quality and contaminationfree. Due to the importance of assessing the milk before entering the dairy, this study aims to assess the quality of in natura milk delivered in a dairy in an isothermal truck and in a room temperature truck, using Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Suply Normative Ruling 62/2011 parameters, in order to analyze the importance and the necessity of its application in dairies.Alizarol and Dornic tests and temperature checking were performed in 20 samples collected on alternate days, from 7 a.m. to 9 a.m., 10 samples from the isothermal trucks and 10 samples at room temperature delivered by carters. None of the 10 samples delivered by refrigerated trucks were outside the legislation reference range, but from the 10 milk samples delivered at room temperature, 3 were out of the legislation reference range, therefore, being damned as inadequate for human consumption. From this study, it was possible to bring to a conclusion that the delivery of in natura milk under conditions required by legislation makes milk a higher quality nourishment, avoiding damnation on the platform and reducing disease risks to consumers.


density profiles, we show that the results depend on the potential function W−(y) = yK ′ ( y 2 /2), i.e. W−(y) must be monotonically increasing to +1 for y � 0 to guarantee the existence of a single solution throughout space for any matter density profile. Small radial perturbations around these static profiles propagate as travelling waves with a velocity greater than the speed of light. Starting from vanishing initial conditions for the scalar field and for a time-dependent matter density corresponding to the formation of an overdensity, we numerically check that the scalar field converges to the static solution. If W− is bounded, for high-density objects there are no static solutions throughout space, but one can still define a static solution restricted to large radii. Our dynamical study shows that the scalar field relaxes to this static solution at large radii, whereas spatial gradients keep growing with time at smaller radii. If W− is not bounded but non-monotonic, there is an infinite number of discontinuous static solutions. However, the Klein-Gordon equation is no longer a well-defined hyperbolic equation, which leads to complex characteristic speeds and exponential instabilities. Therefore, these discontinuous static solutions are not physical and these models are not theoretically sound. Such K-mouflage scenarios provide an example of theories that can appear viable at the cosmological level, for the cosmological background and perturbative analysis, while being meaningless at a nonlinear level for small-scale configurations. This shows the importance of small-scale nonlinear analysis of screening models. All healthy K-mouflage models should satisfy K ′ > 0 and W±(y) = yK ′ (±y 2 /2) are monotonically increasing to +1 when y � 0.


The lack of credibility of transactions has become major issue restricting the rapid development and popularization of E-commerce. Existing solutions adopt blockchain protocols to improve the credibility of transactions. Most of them still have significant scalability barrier, such as instant transaction and throughput. By analyzing how fundamental and circumstantial bottlenecks in Bitcoin-derived blockchain limit the ability of its current peer-to-peer overlay network, this paper presents Permissioned Blockchain Framework (PBF). PBF aims at achieving trusted trading and supporting instant transaction in E-commerce. To guarantee a higher credibility of transactions, this paper presents a global consensus algorithm - Permissioned Trusted Trading Network Consensus Algorithm. In order to fulfill the demand of instant transactions without sacrificing credibility, this paper presents a Peer Inner Blockchain Protocol. The comparison between PBF and Bitcoin-derived blockchain in E-commerce, suggests better performance on throughput, latency, capacity.


Abstract This article presents a pedagogical–visual process developed in a traditional frontal-format course with a multi-identity group of students set in a large lecture hall. It examines an assignment that required students to analyze a meaningful personal photograph and connate it culturally, while internalizing visual general patterns utilizing a sharing digital forum. This activity promotes combining visual theories with relevant introspective self-expression, emphasizing multi-identities. One can relate this utilization of visual tools to Paulo Freire's approach to dialogic pedagogy, which emphasizes the relevance to learners and the shift between the personal and the cultural, helping to confront the heterogeneity of the class.


Abstract The influence of a marketing mix on the consumer purchasing process is well documented in academicfields; however, studies of when consumers purchase fashion brands or products in terms of the day-of-the-week effect and 10-days-of-the-month effect on various channels to a given brand in practice arelimited in the fashion industry. This study empirically describes the purchase timing behavior for athleticshoes using daily sales data from a domestic brand in Korea from January in 2006 to December in 2010.The results show that Saturday and Sunday have significantly higher sales than weekdays. In addition, thefirst and third 10-days-of-the-month yield a higher sales volume than the second 10-days-of-the-month.The department store's sales volume (compared with discount and franchised stores) was higher in the first10-days-of-the-month; however, the discount and franchised stores have a higher sales volume in thesecond 10-days-of-the-month. Three store types have no significant differences in sales volume for thethird 10-days-of-the-month. Based on the results, in practice, marketers for a specific domestic brand candevelop a new marketing expenditure plan, store supply plan, and cash-in and cash-out plan to maximizeprofits. This research can introduce constructs such as purchase timing distribution, the day-of-the-weekeffect, and the ten-days-of-the-month effect for the fashion industry.Key words: Purchase timing, Day-of-the-week effect, Intra-month effect, Ten-days-of-the-month effect;구매시점, 요일효과, 월중효과, 순별효과


The aim of this paper is to present the socio-economic reasons that instigated a large section of Indian women to go colonial plantation countries as plantation workers in the 19th century. The paper also discusses the incidences and treatment what they bear with during their journey and after arrival in plantation industries by their male associates and colonial bureaucracy.


For the disadvantage of cell neural network (CNN) method which can not directly deal with color images, we present a new color image edge detection algorithm according to CNN model. Through robustness analysis for CNN template, a CNN theorem be carried out which can compute in the RGB color space. The experimental results show that our approach can effectively carry out edge extraction and locates accurately.


Due to its simple structure and reduced requirements for radio frequency filtering, the direct-conversion principle has recently gained a lot of interest in radio transceiver design. This paper considers the so-called inphase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance problem in such structures under the assumption of frequency-selective transmission channel requiring equalization on the receiver side. It will be shown that I/Q imbalance and channel equalization are strongly interdependent, and thus, I/Q mismatch should be taken into account in the equalizer design, and vice versa, particularly with high-order symbol alphabets. Most importantly, the amount of signal distortion caused by transmitter and receiver I/Q imbalances to the equalized received signal will be analytically analyzed through signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) analysis. This gives a quantitative measure to analyze and judge the role of I/Q imbalances in practical communication system design, without having to resort to lengthy data simulations. Furthermore, the analysis shows that imbalance levels that are tolerable in additive white Gaussian noise channels can turn into a serious problem in multipath channels requiring equalization. This gives further motivation and invaluable insight in the overall receiver and system design and in developing digital signal processing-based techniques to mitigate the I/Q imbalance effects on the receiver side. In general, the analytical outcomes and results are verified using extensive computer simulations.


The utility model discloses an electric anti-sticking safety system of a lift, comprising a main control chip (MCU1 (Micro-programmed Control Unit 1)) and a cooperative control chip (MCU2), wherein the main control chip (MCU1) is connected with a brake coil (BZ) through a brake contactor (SB); the cooperative control chip (MCU2) is connected with the brake coil (BZ) through a driving relay (YX) and an operation contactor (YXJ); and the operation contactor (YXJ) is connected with the cooperative control chip (MCU2). According to the electric anti-sticking safety system of the lift, one direct-current contactor and one alternating-current contactor are used as two independent electric devices for controlling a lift brake, so as to prevent a fault caused by sticking a contactor contact from occuring when the lift brakes.


Effects of injection molding processing parameters on the appearance related optical properties of polycarbonate (PC) are investigated in a quantitative way. Four parameters, injection pressure, injection speed, melt temperature and mold temperature, are varied in numerous levels. For each setting, total transmittance, haze and clarity are measured. It is determined that although total transmittance is affected rather slightly, clarity and haze are influenced significantly by processing conditions.


Abstract American alcohol education and prevention efforts for youth emphasize abstinence. In support of this approach, epidemiologists conclude that early drinking by adolescents increases the lifetime likelihood of alcohol dependence and that overall drinking levels in a society are directly linked to drinking problems. At the same time, cultural, ethnic, and social differences in drinking indicate that drinking styles are socialized and that those groups that encourage regular but controlled drinking yield lower rates of binge drinking and alcohol-related problems. Recent international epidemiologic research has found that societies in which men and women consume their alcohol in bursts have more drinking problems. The same cultures with high binge drinking rates for adults have high rates of adolescent drunkenness. It has, however, proven difficult to impose a moderate-drinking template on cultures, including notably American adolescent and college cultures. Nonetheless, approaches that focus on preventing problems rather than on abstinence per se--called harm reduction--may have value in reversing problems created by youthful drinking. The question is whether the socialization of moderate drinking can be incorporated as a harm reduction technique for young people, at least for college students. Index terms: adolescents, alcohol abuse, harm reduction, binge drinking, moderate drinking INTRODUCTION Youthful drinking is of tremendous concern in the United States and elsewhere. Alcohol is the psychoactive substance used the most often by adolescents and college students and is associated with more youthful dysfunction and morbidity than any other drug (Johnston, O'Malley, Bachman, & Schulenburg, 2006; Perkins, 2002; White, Jamieson-Drake, & Swartzwelder, 2002; World Health Organization [WHO], 2000). Alcohol use by youth contributes significantly to academic and social problems, risky sexual behavior, and traffic and other accidents, and is a risk factor for the development of alcohol-related problems during adulthood. As a result, youthful drinking--and particularly binge drinking--has been a target for public health interventions. It is thus highly troubling that these efforts have produced few benefits; high-risk drinking by both adolescents (Faden & Fay, 2002) and college students (Wechsler, Lee, Kuo, Seibring, & Nelson, 2002; Hingson, Heeren, Winter, & Wechsler, 2005) has not declined over the past decade. According to the Monitoring the Future (MTF) survey, the percentage of high school seniors who have been drunk in the past month has gone below 30 percent one year in the last decade and a half (in 1993 the figure was 29%; in 2005 it was 30%) (MTF, 2006, table 1). Some data show startling increases in binge drinking by young people: the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) reported for 1997 that 27 percent of Americans aged 18 to 25 had consumed five or more drinks at one time in the prior month (NSDUH, 1997/2005, table 7.7); in 2004, the figure was 41 percent (NSDUH, 2005, table 2.3B). Although research has found that American adolescents who begin drinking earlier in life are more likely to display adult alcohol dependence (Warner & White, 2003), another body of research has found that drinking varies tremendously among religious, ethnic, and national groups (Currie et al., 2004; Heath, 2000; Norstrom, 2002). In particular, those groups that are less proscriptive towards alcohol and in fact permit and even teach drinking in childhood, and in which drinking is a regular integrated part of social life, display fewer alcohol problems. This work has usually been the province of sociology and anthropology. As such, it has not had a firm status in epidemiology and public health. The thrust in the public health field has been towards labeling alcohol an addictive drug and towards reducing and even eliminating youthful drinking (Babor, 2003; Rehm et al. …


Two different human mammary carcinoma cell lines were xenotransplanted into nude mice. Serum samples were obtained prior to and after transplantation and investigated by two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE). By comparison of these silver‐stained patterns additional protein spots were detected resulting either from proteins secreted or shed by the tumor itself or from mouse proteins induced by the tumor or the transplantation procedure. One group of spots detectable in post‐transplantation serum as well as in control serum after mock‐transplantation but not in pretransplantation serum was microsequenced and identified as mouse β‐haptoglobin. The carbohydrate structures of β‐haptoglobin were characterized by two different immunochemical glycoprotein staining procedures to detect differential terminal glycan modifications.


In a recent visit to the Isle of Man, I spent three long days in examining the deposits of the very interesting district in the south of the island, and I wish to draw the attention of your readers to some facts which are, I think, important. Not being an experienced geologist, I hope I shall do so with becoming modesty, and I should feel very gratified if some more practised geologist would verify my statements, which are, however, not rashly made, as I have sifted the question with care and patience.


Summary. The aim of the study was to characterise behaviour of limousine and highland cattle kept on permanent grassland on a farm in the Wielkopolska region. Investigations consisted of observations conducted on the behaviour of animals in two herds of limousine and highland cattle during the four seasons of the year. Frequency was recorded for the following activities performed by animals: food consumption, drinking of water, rumination, resting (lying down), rubbing, allolicking, fights and excretion (urine, faeces). The second stage of the study comprised detailed descriptions of behaviour of animals on the pasture. Observations were conducted on a herd composed of dams, juvenile animals (up to seven-eight months old) and a bull.


The Arctic shelf is the richest region of the world by overall volumes of oil and gas resources. However, countries of the Arctic basin have progressed unequally in developing them. In this article, the authors suggest that the diverging result of these countries in many ways depends on the structure of their oil and gas sectors. This article provides a comparative analysis of privately and state-owned companies' participation in Arctic projects for those countries that are at the stage of commercial production on the Arctic shelf, namely the US, Norway and Russia. An analysis of oil companies' performance indicators allows us to conclude that private companies are more efficient at developing the region than state-owned ones.


THE BASICS Counting and Proofs Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Proof Techniques: Direct Proof and Pigeonhole Tips Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Sets and Logic Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Proof Techniques: Double-Inclusion, Biconditionals ( s), Proving the Contrapositive, and Proof by Contradiction Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Graphs and Functions Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Induction Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Proof Techniques: Induction (How Surprising!) Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Algorithms with Ciphers Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions COMBINATORICS Binomial Coefficients and Pascal's Triangle Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Proof Techniques: Overcounting Carefully and Combinatorial Proof Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Balls and Boxes and PIE: Counting Techniques Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Recurrences Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Proof Techniques: Showing a Closed Form for a Recurrence Is Correct Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Cutting Up Food: Counting and Geometry Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems More Problems More Solutions GRAPH THEORY Trees Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Euler's Formula and Applications Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Graph Traversals Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Graph Coloring Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions OTHER MATERIAL Probability and Expectation Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions Fun with Cardinality Definitions and Notation Facts and Theorems Some Straightforward Examples More Problems More Solutions


Health decision-making implies that the person chooses from different alternatives which in their opinion, are either the most effective or represent the best benefits. To solve the conflict in decision-making, several models have been proposed. One of them is the Ottawa Decision Making Model, which shows how health decision-making should be shared between the person and the health care professional. The purpose of this article is to know the relevance of this health decision-making model and its applicability in nursing practice.


The present study illustrates the first complete and inclusive information of morphometric relationships, including LengthWeight Relationships (LWRs) and Length-Length Relationships (LLRs), using a total of 13 linear dimensions of Glossogobius giuris (Hamilton, 1822) in the Gorai River, southwestern (SW) Bangladesh. Also meristic characters, including various fin-rays of the tank goby, have been studied. In total, 229 specimens of G. giuris were collected occasionally from the Gorai River during March 2016 to February 2017 by a variety of local fishing gears (e.g., cast, gill, and square lift net). Fin rays and scales (including lateral line scale) were counted by a magnifying glass. Different morphometric lengths were measured to 0.01 cm, and whole Body Weight (BW) was estimated ± 0.01 g for each individual. The fin formula of G. giuris is: dorsal, D1. VI; D2. 8–11 (II–III/8–11); pectoral, P1. 17–22 (II–VI/14–19); pelvic, P2. 10–13 (II–III/8–10); anal, A. 7–12 (II–IV/5–8); and caudal, C. 16–21 (IV–VIII/12–13), correspondingly. In the present study, Total Length (TL) varied from 4.3 to 26.9 cm and BW ranged from 0.67 to 146.55g. All LWRs were highly significant (p < 0.0001) with r2 values ≥ 0.975. Based on r2 value, LWR by BW vs. TL, BW vs. SL and BW vs. PoAnL were good fitted models among 13 equations. The present study would be very valuable for species recognition and stock assessment of tank goby in the Gorai River, SW Bangladesh and in adjoining ecosystems.


Although Herbert Simon and Allen Newell studied problem-solving by experts as well as nonexperts, political scientists generally understand "bounded rationality" to refer primarily to cognitive constraints: how we fall short of completely rational decision-making. This incomplete understanding deprives us of an enormously useful intellectual legacy, built not only by Newell and Simon but also by a wide array of cognitive scientists who have explored how humans have collectively solved very difficult problems such as eliminating smallpox or designing nuclear submarines. This chapter surveys this richer understanding of bounded rationality. Cognitive capacities receive as much attention as cognitive constraints. The chapter reports work on how cultural storehouses of knowledge and certain organizational arrangements amplify our cognitive capacities in both the short and the long run. Finally, it extracts from the literature a set of thematically related propositions that are building blocks for constructing macro-theories of politics out of cognitively realistic micro-premises.


Childhood obesity represents a major health problem of our century. The benefits of natural products, such as honey, in the management of obesity have gained renewed interest. In this study, we investigated the effect of honey on glucose and insulin concentrations in obese prepubertal girls.


The teaching of Chinese in vocational schools must pay more attention to train the students'ability to written language. During teaching activities, teachers should change their own ideas, make efforts on teaching basic knowledge and skill, guide the students to raise doubts and difficult questions for discussion, make them have pioneering spirit and study independently. Besides, it is necessary to make full use of classroom teaching, practeice teaching and teaching materials to train the students' ability.


DVB-T2, which is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting – Second Generation Terrestrial, is a draft standard ratified by the DVB Steering Board on June 26, 2008. Compared to the original DVB-T specification, the new standard increases the channel capacity to fulfill the need for High Definition TV transmission with satisfactory error performance. The DVB-T2 system uses multi-rate Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, which are characterized by multiple parity-check matrices, as the inner encoding to provide satisfactory error performance. The optimal decoding algorithm for LDPC code, Sum-Product Algorithm, requires very complex calculation and is not favorable for hardware implementation. Therefore, we use the Modified Min-Sum Algorithm, which provide a error performance not far from the Sum-Product Algorithm, as the decoding algorithm for hardware implementation. Although the Parity-Check matrices of the multi-rate LDPC codes specified in the DVB-T2 standard do not show any Quasi-Cyclic (QC) form, they can be transformed to a QC form through specific column/row-wise cyclic permutations. In this thesis, we modify a reconfigurable hardware decoder architecture, which suitable for general QC-LDPC codes, for implementation of such multi-rate DVB-T2 LDPC decoders. The reconfiguration is simply achieved through a lookup table load with corresponding parameters. Moreover, to lower the hardware implementation complexity, we propose a bit-slice architecture with a trade off in the system throughput rate.


Text draws attention to the devide between academical research and library practise. It represents three theoretical a methodological frameworks for overcoming this devide – evidence-based librarianship, action research and design thinking. The core of the article is a systematic comparison of the approaches – its characteristics, typical processes and methods that are used for research. The author follows the Hjorlands concept of research based practice and the text formulated as a contribution to the debate on this concept.


The food habits of Macaca thibetana at Mt.Huangshan China was studied during November 2011—October 2012 using faecal microscopic methods.50 plant species in fecal samples,representing 26 families were identified.Diets varied seasonally in winter 25 plant species from 13 families consumed by Macaca thibetana and in spring 46 plant species from 23 families;32 plant species from 14 families used by macaque in summer;and 37 plant species from 17 families used by macaque in autumn.Fagaceae and Lauraceae were major foods of Macaca thibetana,comprising 51.26% ~ 59.75%.Over all seasons,Castanpopsis eyrei was a major food of Macaca thibetana,Litsea coreana was consumed relatively high during winter and the lowest in autumn.Machilus thunbergii and Cunninghamia lanceolata were mainly consumed between winter and spring.The foraging strategy of Macaca thibetana is similar to other primates.Niche breadth seasonal variation has no significant difference and the human impact is obvious.


The heating of a solar cell has significant adverse consequences on both its efficiency and its reliability. Here to fully exploit the cooling potential of solar cells, we experimentally characterized the thermal radiation and solar absorption properties of current silicon solar cells and, on the basis of such experimental characterization, propose a comprehensive photonic approach by simultaneously performing radiative cooling while also selectively utilizing sunlight. In particular, we design a photonic cooler made of one-dimensional photonic films that can strongly radiate heat through its thermal emission while also significantly reflecting the solar spectrum in the sub-band-gap and ultraviolet regimes. We show that applying this photonic cooler to a solar panel can lower the cell temperature by over 5.7 °C. We also show that this photonic cooler can be used in a concentrated photovoltaic system to significantly reduce the solar cell temperature or required cooling power. This photonic cooler can be r...


Schiff bases derivatives containing ferrocenylphenyl and fural were synthesized by o,m,p-ferrocenylphenyl amines with 2-furaldehyde.N-2-methenyl-furan-ferrocenyl-aryl-amines were obtained by reduction of sodium borohydride.These compounds were characterized by elemental analyses,IR,1H NMR spectrum.The X-ray single crystal structure analysis of 2c indicated that the crystal belongs to monoclinic system,P2/n space group.The HOMO is composed of Fe and C atoms in ferrocene and O,N and C atoms of phenyl compose the LUMO.It was found that the electrochemical property of the compounds were very similar.The different substitute of phenyl didn't cause the distinct change for their diffusion coefficient(D),but could influence their electrochemical reaction rate constant(ks).CCDC: 617599.


Both international and US accounting pension rules are changing to a market value approach. This study develops competing hypotheses to explain whether the decisions by UK firms to curtail pension arrangements during the period of an extended adoption period of similar new pension accounting rules were interrelated with the managerial discretion over the timing of pension discount rate assumptions. We predict that UK firms exploited the extended adoption period of the new standard by switching their expected rate of return on pension assets assumptions (ERRs) in order to ameliorate the mismatching of assets and liabilities. Consistent with these predictions, we find that UK firms' pension curtailment decisions are associated with their discretion over reported ERRs, effectively a risk management technique. This finding holds even after controlling for alternative explanations for pension termination decisions, based on traditional integration and separation theories concerning the ownership of pension fund surpluses or deficits. The implications of these findings need to be considered by other accounting jurisdictions as they update their accounting standards.


Key Points:  For the given period of time, simulation modelling is enabled to generate feasible results.  Spatiotemporal models are only efficient when using with correct set of data.  Inter-com...


Leadership wisdom has been inadequately addressed until now because it has not been well‐defined or easily measured. This article explores the nature of leadership wisdom and its incorporation into the Leading Across Boundaries programme run by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and endorsed by the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement.It will be argued that leadership wisdom is an essential component of success in a fast‐paced, changing and complex environment and three questions will be answered.1. Why should you be interested in a case study about pharmacists?2. What is leadership wisdom?3. How did we develop leadership wisdom?


The purpose of this study is to find infiltration of detached houses for the energy consumption analyses. Pressurization and depressurization method are used to determine infiltration. Blower door tests are expressed in terms of ACH 50, that is stand for the hourly air change rate at 50 Pa of fan pressure. Air infiltration is related to construction year and accuracy, maintenance conditions and so on. ACH 50 of the Existing Detached Houses are ranged from 5 to 50.


The clinical experience is one of the most important parts of teacher education, but many teacher candidates have little field experience before becoming teachers or have field experience that it reserved for the end of their program and is disconnected from their coursework. Alice E. Ginsberg, Marybeth Gasman, and Andrés Castro Samayoa share how Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) are developing teacher education models that enable candidates to spend more time in preK-12 classrooms throughout their education and to see how their university-level coursework connects to classroom practice. Because MSIs prioritize connecting to the community, instead of focusing primarily on research and publishing, teacher educators are able to spend more time at school sites, solidifying the connection between teacher education and the preK-12 classroom.


Ever since Kobayashi,' in 1957, noted a parallel between the geographic distribution of the acidity of water in Japanese rivers and the distribution of what was then one of the major causes of mortality in Japan, apoplexy, an increasing number of investigators all over the world have attempted to elucidate and confirm a geographic relationship between quality of drinking water and mortality, particularly from cardiovascular causes. The now voluminous literature in this field has been subject to several comprehensive As remarkable as the geographic diversity of these studies is the great diversity of the hypotheses that have been favored by daerent investigators, both as regards the identity of the water-borne factor to which they impute a good or bad influence, and as regards the nature of the disease or pathologic process induced. Re~ently,~ we expressed regret at the lack of any emerging consensus among those who have contributed to the literature over the last 15 years, and at the failure of most studies to yield evidence capable of discriminating among any of 64 major classes of explanatory hypotheses that need to be considered. Kobayashi did not refer to any category other than apoplexy, but ecological studies, from Schroeder on, have usually tried several cause-specific death rates as dependent variables. Thus, even though most investigators continue to refer to the hazard of residing in soft-water areas as if it related specifically to cardiovascular disease, support for this view has been progressively weakened by the admission of a bronchitis effect lo and by the suggestion that there is also an infant mortality effect in England, Wales 11, l2 and possibly Canada,13 though not in the United States.14 Stocks l5 showed that whatever may be the environmental or genetic factor responsible for regional mortality patterns of cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom, it would appear to have a pronounced effect also on the incidence of congenital malformation of the central nervous system, and to a lesser extent this would apply to nephritis and carcinoma of the stomach. In the United States, Sauer l6 found as strong a negative correlation of hardness with malignant neoplasm as with cardiovascular deaths, Canadian statistics l7 show that more than half the excess mortality in soft-water areas is certified to noncardiovascular causes of death. Uncertainty as to the real effect of the water factor has lead some investigators to discriminate between various components of cardiovascular mortality in the hope of identifying a more specific association. For example,


Abstract Writing on immigrants and ethnic minorities in both Britain and the USA has a long history. The present article covers a series of themes. First, it traces some of the main developments in the historiography of immigrants and ethnic minorities in both countries. Second, it argues that, because of the centrality of race in the development of the USA, and acceptance of this fact, studies of immigration and ethnicity have been central in the development of academic history in the USA during the twentieth century. In contrast, British historians have regarded immigration with ambivalence and even hostility. Third, the article looks at the practitioners of immigrant and minority history and concludes that it is much easier for a member of mainstream white middle‐class society to write on the history of minorities than vice versa.


Addition of non-saturating amounts of 2,j-DPG (2~-diphosphoglycerate) within the red cell (2,j-DPG/haemoglobin less than I ) initially reduces Hill's parameter, n. With increasing 2,j-DPG/haemoglobin, n increases until a maximum is reached a t a~-DPG/haemoglobin greater than I . Thus, ~ J D P G influences the shape as well as the position of the whole blood oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC). The importance of this effect on the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is considered. The effect of 2,3-DPG on the position of the OEC (pso, the p 0 2 at one-half maximal O2 saturation) is via its allosteric effect on haemoglobin at z,j-DPG/haemoglobin less than I . Above that ratio, its effect is to reduce intracellular relative to the extracellular pH.


The purpose of this study is to investigate how social media can help build the image of Cotripal Agricultural Cooperative. It was sought to study the importance of these communication media and the ways they are used by the marketing professionals in companies. The methodology combines a case study, participant observation and interview. The observation period took place in the months of April, May and June 2011. As a result, it was realized that social media can help build a positive image in the online medium if it is well developed and used by professionals.


Whereas courts once routinely dismissed lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) persons' gender-stereotyping claims on the grounds plaintiffs were attempting to "bootstrap" sexual orientation protection into Title VII, today courts are increasingly likely to recognize that sexual orientation discrimination is necessarily predicated on gender stereotypes so as to be actionable under Title VII as a form of sex discrimination. Conversely, in the religious non-adherence context bootstrapping concerns have led courts to create a de facto sexual orientation exception to Title VII's ban on religious discrimination that remains firmly entrenched.

The exception is created and perpetuated via three distinct tactics: First, courts insist that religious objections to homosexuality/bisexuality cannot, by themselves, form the basis of a religious non-adherence claim. Second, courts limit their analyses to a review of the plaintiff's religious beliefs without considering the defendant's perception of those beliefs. Third, courts fixate on the plaintiff's LGB status and fail to examine the defendant's discriminatory conduct.

Because the arguments for repudiating the exception in the religious discrimination context are equally, if not more compelling than those used to rebut an analogous exception in the area of sex discrimination, religious non-adherence claims stand to provide LGB persons with an alternative means of contesting sexual orientation-based discrimination under Title VII. Courts, therefore, must begin to evaluate LGB persons' religious non-adherence claims on their merits rather than summarily dismissing them as attempts to bootstrap sexual orientation protection into Title VII.


Connecting through mobile increased steeply in last few years. Hence the necessary for secured communication is also given higher priority. This dissertation work aims in improving the security and the quality of service for mobile ad hoc network by providing Trusted Routing. Wireless networks are gaining popularity to its peak today, as the users want wireless connectivity irrespective of their geographic position. Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) have various characteristics like mobility, infrastructure less, spontaneously created and can be established in any environment without pre-existing infrastructure with ease of deployment. Due to these characteristics of MANETs they can be used for various applications. However to use MANETS in commercial purpose they must be secured from malicious attackers. Providing security to MANETs is difficult due to vulnerability of wireless links, the limited physical protection of nodes and the dynamically changing topology. The scope of this paper is to provide a trusted infrastructure in the clustered network which makes secure and reliable packet forwarding, especially for providing quality of service (QoS). To improve the security of MANET the idea is to develop trust establishment between the cluster of nodes or among neighboring cluster nodes. In this trusted infrastructure, the malicious node or intruder is detected directly by the cluster head and it is recovered back. The detected nodes can further participate in the communication process and route discovery process. The measurements of quality of service were taken as end-to-end latency, energy, packet delivery ratio and the communication overheads. The simulation is carried out using network simulator version-2 by using Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol.


In this paper we consider a class of nonparametric estimators of a distribution function F, with compact support, based on the theory of IFSs. The estimator of F is tought as the fixed point of a contractive operator T defined in terms of a vector of parameters p and a family of affine maps W which can be both depend of the sample (X1,X2, . . . ,Xn). Given W, the problem consists in finding a vector p such that the fixed point of T is "sufficiently near" to F. It turns out that this is aquadratic constrained optimization problem that we propose to solve by penalization techniques. If F has a density f, we can also provide an estimator of f based on Fourier techniques. IFS estimators for F are asymptotically equivalent to the empirical distribution function (e. d. f. ) estimator. We will study relative efficiency of the IFS estimators with respect to the e. d. f. for small samples via Monte Carlo approach. For well behaved distribution functions F and for a particular family of so-called wavelet maps the IFS estimators can be dramatically better than the e. d. f. (or the kernel estimator for density estimation) in presence of missing data, i. e. when it is only possibile to observe data on subsets of the whole support of F. This research has also produced a free package for the R statistical environment which is ready to be used in applications.


An irrigation simulation model has been applied to determine the daily water requirement and irrigation interval for the off-season. In this model, the reference crop evapo-transpiration is estimated by Blaney-Criddle method. The model determines the gross amount of daily water requirement for a selected cropping pattern consisting of crops such as rice, sweet corn, potato, tomato, and cauliflower for the off-season (April to August) for the climatic condition of Selangor State of Malaysia. The irrigation interval for rice varies from 6 to 30 days and average application is 60 mm depth of water whereas potato and tomato require irrigation during flowering stage. Sweet corn and cauliflower need no irrigation due to available rainfall throughout the season. A computer program of the simulation model is written in QBASIC.


Microorganisms are often thought of as pests and harmful organisms, but there are numerous important microbes that are beneficial to both human and environmental health. Some microbes develop symbiotic associations with plants helping in their growth and survival while many others develop resistance to metals toxicity and remove them from our soils and water. Effective and efficient bioaccumulation of soluble and particulate forms of metals by microorganisms can be implemented to reduce heavy metal environmental pollution. Reports on global climate change also predicts in loss of 50% of arable land worldwide due to increased salinity, indicating the need for sustainable agriculture. These threats have inspired the need for use of these environmental friendly microbes in amending these issues. For these reasons, this study was focused on studying microorganisms from tidal marsh zones with special attention on heavy metal tolerant bacteria and mycorrhizae from the Blackbird Creek Marsh, located in Townsend, Delaware. We assume that the stressors in marsh might enhance the development of mycorrhizae with special abilities to withstand these conditions. These marsh ecosystems are exposed to various abiotic/biotic stresses such as tidal inundations, temperature, salinity and excess nutrients and naturally they harbor these microorganisms that can remove excess heavy metals accumulated in these soils. For the isolation of lead and cadmium tolerant bacteria, soil samples were inoculated in Luria Broth (LB) and enriched with various concentrations of lead nitrate and cadmium chloride. Heavy metal tolerant bacterial colonies were enumerated and genomic DNA was isolated using phenol: chloroform method. DNA was amplified using universal bacterial primers (27F/ 1492R) and the PCR amplicon was identified by Sanger sequencing.


The article presents the results of research on the properties of lactic acid bacteria extracted from traditional Carpathian cheese. Three samples of sheep cheese were analyzed, selected from different geographical regions of Chernivtsi region. Cheese A brine cheese, highlands; cheese B butz, highlands; cheese C butz, foothills area. A screening for morphological and cultural properties 109 cultures of bacteria with cheese A, 98 cultures with cheese B and 124 cultures with cheese C was made. Biochemical properties studies were performed on 28 cultures of bacteria with cheese A, 36 cultures with cheese B and 31 culture with cheese C. According to the research results it was determined that the main representatives of the bacteria cheese A there genus Enterococcus (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans) 25 % cultures, the genus Lactococcus (Lastococcus lactis ssp.) 21 % cultures, genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus plantarum) 33 % cultures and genus Leuconostoc (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) 21 % cultures. Cultures of bacteria in the cheese are allocated in two genus of Enterococcus and Lactococcus. The genus Enterococcus (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans) amounted to 22 % of cultures and genus Lactococcus (Lastococcus lactis ssp.) 78 % cultures. Cheese C presented two genus of lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus (Lastococcus lactis ssp.) 84 % cultures and genus Enterococcus (Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans.) 14 % cultures.


Ultrafast Bessel beams produced by axicon focusing have a long collimation length that is advantageous for laser micromachining. We have used these beams to fabricate optical waveguides and microfluidic channels in transparent glass.


Police violence in Israel was analyzed, especially how the establishment in 1992 of a civilian board for the investigation of police officers accused of using illegal force affected complaints against them. Official figures show a sharp increase in the number of files opened against police officers in general, and particularly those concerned with suspected use of illegal force, since 1992. This trend seems not to reflect actual worsening of police violence on the street but to be the result of wide public support for civilian involvement in the complaints system, of procedural changes in that system, and of specific demographic changes in the Israeli population. Despite expectations, the percentage of sustained illegal-use-of-force files investigated by the new civilian unit decreased significantly in comparison with the previous period, mainly on account of structural and procedural factors.


This study aims to determine the effect of chicken manure and biourine on the growth of stem of ground water kangkung, so it is known that the best type of fertilizer used for growth and yield of kangkung plants after the first harvest. This experiment used a randomized block design (RBD) with a factorial experimental pattern consisting of two factors. The first factor is the dosage of biourine (B) consisting of 4 levels ie B0: control, B1: 200 L ha-1, B2: 400 L ha-1, and B3: 600 L ha-1. The second factor is dose of cow manure (K) consist of 2 levels ie K0: control and K1: 20 ton ha-1. The results concluded that there was no interaction between the treatment of chicken manure with biourin liquid fertilizer to all growth variables and the results observed in ground kangkung plants derived from stump except the variables of the harvest index. Treatment of chicken manure 20 tons ha-1 gave the highest economical fresh weight per plant that is 70.48 g and increased by 84.02% compared to the economical fresh weight per plant obtained in the treatment without chicken manure is 38.30 g, while the treatment dose of 400 L ha-1 biourine fertilizer gave the highest economical fresh weight per plant that is 55.66 g and increased by 7.63% compared to the economical fresh weight per plant obtained in the treatment without biourine fertilizer ie 51.71 g.


Hydrophobic polypyrrole (PPy) coatings on zinc electrodes were prepared by a one-step electrochemical method. The process is ultrafast; 2 µm of PPy can be deposited in less than 3 s. It is thus compatible with industrial requirements for the coating of large surfaces for various industries (automotive, buildings, ships). The coatings obtained have apparent contact angles as high as 125° and can thus be used as cheap highly hydrophobic surfaces. They have been fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques (EQCM, XPS) and their anticorrosion properties have been tested. It is found that postpolymerization heat treatment makes it possible to reach a situation where 1 µm of polypyrrole is equivalent to 1 µm of a zinc coating for preventing the corrosion of mild steel.


Recent large-scale and complex disasters, such as the Japan earthquake and tsunami in 2011, left devastating damage to our society. The damage is particularly amplified because of the interdependencies of the infrastructure in the society. For instance, a mixture of a short power outrage and a tsunami threatened to induce a nuclear reactor meltdown in the Japan case. To prevent this consequence, some researchers have modeled, simulated and analyzed the complex structure of our infrastructure systems and the relations to the disaster effect. This review introduces such effort as well as found commonalities in the modeling frameworks.


Smoke control is a worldwide trend and smoking prohibition in public places has aroused widespread attention, but China is the country with biggest tobacco production and consumption. Therefore smoke control in China is more difficult than any other country in the world. With the method of observing smoking in bus stop, express railway, some hospitals and restaurants, this paper analyses the reasons of smoking, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for promoting and protecting the public health. Keywords: Public places; Smoking; smoke control, Smoking prohibition; Measures; Public health JEL Classification: H00


for an Invited Paper for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Phase coherence, visibility, and the signatures of superfluid-Mott and metal-Mott insulator transitions on optical lattices GEORGE BATROUNI, Institut Non-Linéaire de Nice, University of Nice Experiments are revealing, with increasing precision, details of the Mott insulating (MI) and superfluid (SF) phases of atomic condensates confined on optical lattices. Recently, details of the transition between the MI and the SF phases, as the lattice potential is changed, were examined by studying the visibility and phase coherence of the condensate. Reproducible kinks were observed in the visibility as the lattice potential was made deeper and the system moved into the MI phase. These kinks were interpreted as being due to the formation of the Mott region. We shall first review briefly the properties of the various phases of this system and how it makes the transition from SF to MI. Then we present a detailed Quantum Monte Carlo study of the visibility and other physical quantities as Mott domains begin to form. We show that as the lattice potential gets deeper and Mott domains become well established, the evolution of the system stalls: the density profile stops evolving for a substantial range of values of the lattice potential. As a consequence, the evolution of several other quantities also stalls and the visibility kink is produced. We offer an explanation of this behavior. We then extend our study to the formation of Mott domains in fermionic atoms on confined one-dimensional optical lattices. We find a new property of the metal–Mott insulator transition in a trap. The sum of kinetic and interaction energies exhibits minima when Mott domains appear in the system. In addition, we examine the derivatives of the kinetic and interaction energies, and of their sum, which display clear signatures of the Mott transition. We discuss the relevance of these findings to time of flight experiments that could allow the detection of the metal–Mott-insulator transition in confined fermions on optical lattices.


This paper presents the rationale and methods taken by the research team working on the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study in the design and implementation of a longitudinal health related quality of life survey. Given the large investment in time and resources necessary for this study, extensive consumer consultation, and pilot testing of the methods was undertaken. As a result of the pilot test and with minor modifications we knew that the survey design and method was acceptable and, based on the growing body of literature on the validity of the survey in similar international studies, we were confident in the validity of the data collected. Data collection will continue until at least the end of the current funding round, the end of 2005, by which time an extremely valuable database of the quality of life of men, both with and without prostate cancer will have been accumulated. (author abstract)


Based on field test of demonstration area and numerical simulation, a soil water movement model is set up. The numerical model is solved by finite difference method and its program is designed, and verified by indoor experiment data. The calculation results showed that the experiment and simulation are basically in accordance. And with winter wheat, a few irrigation quota schemes are numerically simulated, and the saving irrigation model of winter wheat is predicted.


A Ku-band low-phase noise oscillator, using a weakly coupled cavities resonator (WCCR), is proposed based on substrate-integrated suspended line (SISL) technology. Different from using a bandpass filter as the frequency selector for the feedback oscillator, we use weak coupling between resonators to form a resonator with a higher <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The theoretical analysis of weak coupling is derived. Under weak coupling, the equivalent <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and insertion loss of the WCCR is given based on the mathematical deduction. The proposed WCCR can double the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> factor of the single cavity resonator (SCR) at the expense of an increase in the insertion loss. Two oscillators using WCCR and SCR are designed and fabricated to verify the theoretical analysis. The measured results show that the loaded <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of WCCR increases by 80% compared with the SCR. The proposed oscillator has a low measured phase noise of −137.36 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from the carrier frequency of 12.355 GHz, and the FOM is −207.12 dBc/Hz. Compared with the oscillator using SCR, the measured phase noise is improved by 5.13 dB. Moreover, the proposed oscillator based on SISL technology has the advantages of low cost, compact size, and self-packaging properties.


Advanced homing missile's guidance law for highly maneuvering targets, requires the information of both inertial Line of Sight (LOS) angular rate and maneuvering target acceleration. Nevertheless, the semi-strapdown seeker is not able to measure the LOS angular rate directly and the differential operations commonly used in traditional methods will amplify sensor's measurement errors, causing poor calculation accuracy of the LOS angular rate. By analyzing the mathematical relationship between the missile-to-target relative motion and the angle tracking system, an integrated relative motion and angle tracking filter model is proposed in this paper. To overcome the disadvantage of infrared seeker that it cannot measure the missile-to-target relative distance directly, this paper puts forward a new relative distance estimation method based on infrared imaging principle to enhance the observability of the integrated filter model. The simulation results demonstrate the validity and stability of the proposed method.


Title from cover. Title on p. [3]: Cooperatively managed rural Panamanian fish ponds: the integrated approach. "December 1986." Includes bibliographies.


An adult bald eagle (Haliaeetus Ieucocephalus) was brought to the Swan Lake National Wildlife Refuge at Sumner, Missouri, on December 23, 1966. It had. a broken left leg as a result of being caught in a steel trap. The bird was treated for exposure and held indoors for several days. During this time it was force-fed wild goose meat. The broken leg was splinted, but the injury failed to heal, and eventually the lower portion of the tarsus and the foot dropped off.


The modality of the cervical esophagus reconstruction has been done by colon interposition, local skin flap and free forearm flap. Recently free jejunal flap is another useful alternative for the reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus. From 1990 to 1995, we experienced five cases of free jejunal flap for cervical esohpageal reconstruction after extensive resection of cancer. A monitoring segment of jejunal flap is brought to the side neck for the purpose of evaluation of flap viability. The result has been delightful, though some minor porblems occurred. The postoperative morbidity is minimal. We conclude that the free jejunal flap can offer an effective reconstructive modality for cervical esophagus with the advantage of one-staged operation, good patency of neoesophagus and fair tolerance to irradiation, which is superior to other methods.


Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a freshwater fishery commodity in Indonesia which has a high protein content. Many studies on the benefits of snakehead fish have resulted in an increase in the amount of demand for these fish. One of the production factors that support fish farming is feed. The snakehead fish seeds have an average length of 2 cm, with rudimentary digestive organs. Therefore, the most suitable feed as seed feed is natural food. Commonly used natural feed is water fleas (Daphnia sp.) and silk worms (Tubifex sp.). This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of feed on the growth of snakehead fish seeds and to determine the combination of feed that gives the highest growth in snakehead fish seeds. This research was conducted at the Fisheries Resources Development Laboratory, Warmadewa University for 60 days, from March to April 2020. The method used in this study was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The analysis used in this study was Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The results showed that there was an effect of combination feeding on the growth of snakehead fish as indicated by the increase in absolute weight and length. And the sixth treatment is a combination of feed that provides the highest growth in snakehead fish seeds.


Are given in the mixed mode chromatography method for separating the correctly folded form from the incorrectly folded forms of the protein are provided. The method, in separating the correctly folded etanercept from the incorrectly incorrectly as in the etanercept side folding correctly than the folded etanercept commercially which can provide etanercept preparations having a still higher purity attractive yield folding etanercept and agglomerate so effective. The invention also relates to treatment methods using a highly purified preparation obtained from protein preparations and formulations, and mixed-mode method including the correctly obtained using the method of the invention the folding protein.


Recent research has revealed new data on how Isaac Vossius managed his library, especially in the period of the second half of his life, after his farewell to Christina of Sweden. This chapter shows he continually added to his library, but in addition reveals which books and manuscripts he sold, how and when he sold them, and that he occasionally bought them back. It appears that the Bibliotheca Vossiana could have been at least twice as large as it is today. The chapter demonstrated that some of the manuscripts and printed books which were sold by Vossius during his lifetime came to Leiden University Library. They are not as easily distinguished as the manuscripts known as the Codices Vossiani . To prevent booksellers and printers from selling off old stock of bound and unbound books at auction, an ordinance of 1639 forbade auctions of private collections of other than deceased scholars. Keywords: Bibliotheca Vossiana ; Codices Vossiani ; Isaac Vossius; Leiden University Library


Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inscription methods based on femtosecond laser sources are becoming increasingly popular owing to the (usually) non-linear nature of the index modification mechanism and to the resulting advantages. They allow, for example, fabricating fiber gratings that can survive temperatures exceeding 700°C, which can be an asset in the domain of fiber sensing. However applying femtosecond laser based grating fabrication to microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) can be challenging due to the presence of the air holes in the fiber cladding. The microstructured cladding not only impedes light delivery to the core in most cases, but also causes a non-uniform intensity distribution in the MOF core. To deal with these challenges we present a modeling approach that allows simulating how the reflectivity of the grating and the nature of the index modulation are affected by the inscription conditions. We rely on transverse coupling simulations, empirical data and coupled mode analysis to model the induced index change and the resulting grating reflectivity. For IR femtosecond grating inscription we show that due to the intensity redistribution in the core region, irreversible Type II index changes can be induced in a MOF at laser peak intensities below the Type II threshold for step-index fibers. The resulting non-uniform induced index change has repercussions on the reflection spectrum of the grating as well. Our coupled mode analysis reveals, for example, that although the average index change in the core region can be high, the partial overlap of the core mode with the index change region limits the reflectivity of the grating.


If a train set constituted by a plurality of cars stops in a tunnel, air containing smoke from a burning car is exhausted into the tunnel, and as a result smoke fills the tunnel which serves as an evacuation route, making evacuation from within the tunnel difficult because of the pervasive smoke. As a control method for an air conditioning and ventilation system of a train set (1), constituted from a plurality of cars each having installed therein an air conditioning device (30) and a ventilation device (40), the following control is performed: the location at which the train set (1) is stopped is detected when a fire occurs on the train set (1); if the stopped position is inside of a tunnel, the air conditioning devices (30) and the ventilation devices (40) installed in the burning car and the cars adjacent to the burning car are stopped; and if the stopped position is in an area outside a tunnel, the running of the ventilation device (40) of the burning car is continued, and the air conditioning device (30) of the burning car and the air conditioning devices (30) and ventilation devices (40) of adjacent cars are stopped.


The invention relates to the chemical engineering field and particularly relates to a halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus-containing curing agent and a preparation method thereof. The halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus-containing curing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of phenol, 5-10 parts of a nitrogen-containing additive, 50-100 parts of formaldehyde, 130-260 parts of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 150-250 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, 100-200 parts of alcohol, 200-250 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether, 5-10 parts of alkaline catalyst, 5-10 parts of acid catalyst and the balance of water. According to the nitrogen-phosphorus-containing curing agent and the preparation method, the machinability of panels is guaranteed.


A review o f related literature concerning the acquisition of English articles indicated that articles were acquired by ESL learners along some identifiable stages. Based on different perspectives and different empiric data, several acquisition sequences for ESL learners were proposed. A review of related literature concerning the acquisition of English articles also showed a neglect in distinguishing a from an, in identifying the acquisition process related with the zero article, and in presenting a systematic description of noun phrases in conjunction with the use o f articles; the lack of an in-depth longitudinal study of Chinese ESL learners' acquisition process of English articles; and the necessity of examining the currently suggested acquisition sequences of English articles with Chinese ESL learners. As an attempt to test those suggested acquisition sequences as well as to explore those neglected areas, fifteen research questions were posited and a combined qualitative -quantitative approach was employed to understand the acquisition sequence of English articles in the case o f a Chinese beginning ESL learner in the American context. The longitudinal data collected during the 13-month were first thoroughly indexed by using the qualitatively-oriented computer software program, NUD.IST, and then statistically analyzed by using the quantitatively-oriented computer software program, SPSS. An indepth examination of different types of articles as well as their relations with noun phrases and other types o f determiners was conducted in light o f the perspectives derived from both the accuracy paradigm and the dynamic paradigm. The rationale behind the bi paradigm approach was the belief that no single approach could provide a comprehensive description of the complexities involved in the acquisition processes o f English articles. Instead, a combined approach had the advantage o f investigating and analyzing those complexities from different angles, hence complementing each other. The analyses o f the data revealed the acquisition sequence o f English articles for the investigated informant was as follows: a -> zero article —> the -> an. The analyses of the data also indicated that the acquisition of different types o f articles could be classified into distinctive developmental stages in terms of semantic functions and variation patterns. While providing the evidence to support the theoretical view that sequencing is fundamental in second language acquisition, the findings from this study, on the one hand, challenged several claims documented in the current L2 research literature and on the other hand, shed some new insights into the understanding o f acquisition processes of English articles related to Chinese ESL learners.


Ferroelectrets are piezoelectric polymers, typically cellular polymer foams that exhibit a large piezoelectric response. In this work, we present a biodegradable 3D printed ferroelectret using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Even though the charging process of the ferroelectret is conducted at room temperature, the printed PLA exhibits good charge stability over 150 days at this temperature. A distinctive feature of the manufactured ferroelectret is that its mechanical properties mainly depend on its geometry, offering the possibility for it to be softer than the printed material itself. In fact, the investigated geometry in this paper exhibits a Young's modulus of 0.5 kPa for stresses under 1 kPa. An excellent piezoelectric coefficient of 600 pC/N was recorded, which is comparable with the well known polypropylene ferroelectret. The presented ferroelectret is suitable for various mechanical sensor application.


Several states, starting with Wisconsin in 1907, have adopted the indeterminate permit. The advantages and disadvantages of such a permit are set forth in this article.


Increasing the bearing capacity of soils has been an important issue thousands of years ago till the time being. In 1960's the French Road Research Laboratory conducted an extensive study to evaluate the benefits of using reinforced soil as a construction technique. Nowadays, it is still an aim to increase the soil bearing capacity either through adding inclusions or through reinforcing sheets. The study aims to demonstrate the effects of embedment ratio and the length ratio of the reinforcing element on the bearing capacity of sand. About fifty plate-loading tests were conducted on steel square model footing of side dimension (B) equal to 100 mm. The effect of relative density of sand, the embedment ratio, and the length ratio of the reinforcing material were studied. It was revealed that the soil reinforcement might successfully increase the bearing capacity. Also it was found that the improvement in the bearing capacity of sand of lower relative density is more pronounced compared with higher relative density sand. The bearing capacity ratio (BCR) was found to be inversely proportional to the relative density of the sand. The most efficient length ratio (L/B) of the soil reinforcement was found to be 3.00, and the optimum embedment ratio (d/B) was found to be 0.30. Finally, the reinforced sand exhibited a failure mode that resembles typical punching-shear failure


The relationship of extracellular Ca concentration and the fine structure of dark adapted photoreceptors in the crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) was studied with electron microscopy.The results showed that in vitro ,in presence of 50 mmol/L calcium,the diameter of rhabdoms and the dimension of perirhabdomal vacuoles extremely reduced than that of photoreceptor incubated in physiological saline. The dimension of the cytoplasm,located around the rhabdom, increased in the higher extracellular Ca solution.Meanwhile,like the morphological structure of the retinular cells during light adaptation,the pinocytotic vesicles were more,the diameter and number of multivesicular bodies reduced,while the number of lamellar bodies and lysosomes increased in the retinula.The pigment granules were more and located in distal part of the retinular cell.However,in presence of 50 mmol/L EGTA and 2 mmol/L calcium,the diameter of the rhabdoms,the dimensiom of perirhabdomal vacuoles and the number of multivesicular bodies was increased, but the pinocytotic vesicles were few and the pigment granules located in the proximal region.


In an internal combustion engine, the centrifugal compressor is placed upstream of the inlet manifold and therefore, it is exposed an unsteady flow regime caused by the inlet valves of the cylinder arrangement. This valve motion sets a pulsating state at the compressor exit, having greater influence when the operation is near the surge margin of the compressor. This paper presents the experimental results of the evaluation of the surge dynamics on a compressor with induced downstream pulsating flow. Different pulsation levels are achieved by the variation of three different parameters on the induced pulse: pulse frequency, amplitude, and system storage volume (plenum). Each pulse parameter was evaluated independently in order to assess its effect on the compressor stability limit. The main effect on the surge margin of the compressor was found to be due to the presence of a storage volume in the system for all cases (steady/pulsating condition) and at all frequencies. It was found that the magnitude of the pulse frequency determines the hysteresis behavior of the system that leads to a phase difference between the convected terms and the acoustic dominated terms, and therefore this affects the onset of flow instability, surge, in the compression system under study.


: An updated and accurate database of land use and cover change is essential for global environmental change research.Analysis of multi-year time series of land surface attributes and their seasonal evolutions provide broader views of land surface change.This study investigated land use changes based on characterizing temporal vegetation dynamics corresponding to land use types by applying the wavelet-filtered MODIS EVI images from 2000 to 2009.The temporal pattern analysis was able to detect the actual timing of change event,either by conversion of land use or vegetation growth;however,such outstanding capability of the method in this research was limited due to mixtures of land covers in MODIS GIFOVs of which spatial dimension are 250 m by 250 m.We identified several significant change patterns in the periods;those have been indicated as land use changes.On the other hand, the temporal pattern analysis showed the need to evaluate effectiveness of the method in several sites where pattern changes were detected,but actually land uses have not been changed.The performance of the approach needs to be assessed with a reference data set by field survey in the next stage of research.


Abstract This study reports the systematic development of a population‐based health screening package for all Thai people under the universal health coverage (UHC). To determine major disease areas and health problems for which health screening could mitigate health burden, a consultation process was conducted in a systematic, participatory, and evidence‐based manner that involved 41 stakeholders in a half‐day workshop. Twelve diseases/health problems were identified during the discussion. Subsequently, health technology assessments, including systematic review and meta‐analysis of health benefits as well as economic evaluations and budget impact analyses of corresponding population‐based screening interventions, were completed. The results led to advice against elements of current clinical practice, such as annual chest X‐rays and particular blood tests (e.g. kidney function test), and indicated that the introduction of certain new population‐based health screening programs, such as for chronic hepatitis B, would provide substantial health and economic benefits to the Thais. The final results were presented to a wide group of stakeholders, including decision‐makers at the Ministry of Public Health and the public health insurance schemes, to verify and validate the findings and policy recommendations. The package has been endorsed by the Thai UHC Benefit Package Committee for implementation in fiscal year 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Health Economics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.


In order to obtain in-plane effective length of overlap brace in RHS-truss and the relationship between effective length and geometric parameters,the stability equilibrium equation of axially compressed column with rotational spring constraints at two ends was derived by using the elastic stability theory of steel structures.Theoretical analysis results show that the slenderness ratio of brace λ,width ratio of brace to chord β,wall thickness ratio of brace to chord τ,width-to-thickness ratio of chord γ,overlap ratio ov and angle between brace and chord θ are main parameters which affect in-plane effective length of overlap brace.In-plane effective length of the compressed braces with K-type overlap joints at its two ends was analyzed by finite element method considering the geometrical and material nonlinearity.The variation of the effective length of overlap brace with main geometric parameters was obtained.A conclusion was drawn from analysis results that the effective length factors of brace affected greatly by geometric parameters vary between 0.55 and 0.9,and the flexural buckling is the main failure mode of the compressed braces in RHS-truss.So it was conservative to suppose that the boundary condition of compressed braces is ideally pinned in the design of RHS truss.


The authors present an exhaustive study of the possibilities of studying electronic transport in tunnelling devices in terms of time dependent wave packets and Bohm trajectories. They point out how this approach provides dynamic information (not contained in the Hamiltonian eigenstates) which can be of great importance in studying nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in high speed-semiconductor devices. A preliminary implementation of their approach to studying real RTD devices is presented, and the technical viability and the possibilities of modeling local scattering within this approach are discussed.


An unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted base station (UAV-BS), also known as an aerial base station (ABS), is a viable technology for the next 6G wireless networks due to its adaptability and affordability. Furthermore, the concept of tethered UAVs (TUAVs), can be used to circumvent the limited network operating time of UAV-BS networks. TUAVs are UAVs powered by a ground energy source via a tether that restrain their mobility while providing unlimited power. In this work, we propose a system where ABSs are deployed in user hotspots to offload the traffic and assist terrestrial base stations (TBSs). We will analyze three different scenarios and compare them in terms of coverage performance and energy efficiency. For a more realistic system, we offer a system model that considers the dynamic spatial distribution of users. First of all, we start by determining the optimal locations of TUAVs that minimize the average pathloss for each scenario. Next, using tools from stochastic geometry and an approach of dividing the space into concentric rings and slices to quantify the locations and orientations of ground stations (GSs), we analyze both coverage and energy performance for each scenario. We verify our findings using Monte-Carlo simulations and draw multiple useful insights. For instance, we show that deploying a TUAV with attachment and detachment capability for each pair of clusters outperforms deploying a normal TUAV for each cluster in terms of energy efficiency but not in terms of coverage performance.


The theoretical and numerical studies on this subject have mainly focused on the case of pseudovacancy disorder, for which the orbitals corresponding to the missing atoms are simply removed from the tight-binding Hamiltonian of the system. This type of disorder represent a wide class of defects for which the hybridization of the carbon atoms passes from sp 2 to sp 3 , as for example in the case of hydrogen adsorbates. We consider pseudo-vacancies homogeneously distributed over the two sublattices of graphene (compensated case) or only over a single lattice (uncompensated case). The main results of the literature predict that: (i) uncompensated vacancies induce very localized zeroenergy states and reduce the density-of-states around the Dirac point thus opening a gap [1]; (ii) compensated vacancies at exactly the Dirac point give rise to a supermetallic state that makes the minimum conductivity rise above 4e 2 /h when increasing the defect density [2]; (iii) for uncompensated vacancies the conductivity increase is rapidly suppressed even for very low defect densities [2].


Software documentation is an important part of the captured knowledge of a software project and documentation patterns have often been used as a systematic way to describe good practices on software documentation. Still, many software teams are challenged by what to document, how to keep the documentation consistent and how to make their consumers aware of the relevant documents. A literature review was done over 14 publications and identified 16 quality attributes and 114 patterns about software documentation. This knowledge was analysed and classified and led to the proposal of new categories and relationships between the existing patterns. These are depicted as a new pattern map that provides a new perspective of documentation patterns and can be used to guide teams in adopting software documentation practices.


We study the influence and structure of the magnetic field in th e early phases of low-mass star formation using polarization maps of Bok glob u es at a wavelength of 850 μm, obtained with the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Arr ay (SCUBA) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT). We discuss observations of the fo llowing sources: CB 26 a small globule with a nearly dispersed dense core and a young a nd large circumstellar disk, CB 54 a large globule with a massive dense core and a deeply em bedded young stellar cluster, and B 335, CB 230, and CB 244 three nearby, relative y isolated small globules with low-mass protostellar cores. We find strongly aligned polarization vectors in the case of C B 26, B 335, and CB 230, while the vector orientations in the case of CB 54 and CB 244 ar e more or less randomly distributed. The degree of polarization, amounting to seve ral percent, was found to decrease toward the center in each source. Assuming dichroic emissio n by aligned non-spherical grains as the polarization mechanism, where the magnetic field play s a role in the alignment process, we derive magnetic field strengths and structures from the ob s rved polarization patterns. We compare the magnetic field topology with the morphology an d outflow directions of the globules. In the Class 0 sources B 335, CB 230, and CB 244, t he magnetic field is oriented almost perpendicular to the ouflow direction. In contrast, t he inclination between outflow axis and magnetic field direction is much more moderate (36 o) in the more evolved Class I source CB26.


Dear Editor, The prevalence of clinically significant depressive syndromes in people 60 years and older (i.e. late-life depression (LLD)) ranges from 9% to 18%, with incidence rates of 19.3 per 1000 person years. LLD has been linked to increased rates of suicide and premature mortality and more frequent use of health care with significantly higher health-care costs. There is considerable heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of major depression across the life cycle. Younger patients may have clinical profiles characterized by high trait anxiety and variable patterns of circadian, sleep, energy, and appetite disturbance. Those in midlife present the more stereotypic picture of anhedonia in combination with sleep disturbance, weight loss, and cognitive and motor impairments. In later life, clinical phenotypes are again more variable. This may well reflect different neuropathological pathways to illness and largely differentiate those with earlier onset who have grown older from those experiencing clinical depression for the first time. The prognosis of LLD is typically poor and is characterized by chronicity, mortality, and increased risk for cognitive impairment and progression to dementia. We aim to evaluate the clinical effects of using a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) protocol – a non-invasive therapeutic strategy in terms of safety and clinical impact – on depressive symptoms. The rationale for using tDCS for depression is based on its properties of increasing (anodal) and decreasing (cathodal) cortical excitability. A larger study on depression and tDCS was recently published by Brunoni et al. The authors performed a controlled trial involving 120 patients with major depression. The results of this factorial study, in which subjects were randomized to receive active or sham tDCS and verum or placebo sertraline, showed a significant improvement in depressive symptoms for tDCS alone or combined with sertraline. Favourable results have also been found by other groups studying major depressive disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this has not yet been evaluated specifically for the old-old population. Mr J is a 92-year-old patient who has had major depression for the last 3 years. The patient presented no significant changes in complementary tests. Neuroimaging evaluation (magnetic resonance imaging) showed no volumetric or structural modifications other than age-related changes. At presentation, the patient was using escitalopram 10 mg/day without clinical response. Given the availability of tDCS device in our centre, it was decided the patient should undergo a tDCS protocol for major depression. The patient provided written informed consent in accordance with the requirements of Santa Casa Medical School's institutional review board. Intervention protocol was as follows: 10 sessions with 2 mA for 30 min (only on weekdays). The anode was placed over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (F3 according to the 10/20 electroencephalogram system) and the cathode was placed extracephalic at the contralateral deltoid. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; we evaluated anxiety symptoms with bs_bs_banner


A pretreatment systolic array hardware architecture is proposed based on full-search algorithm of motion estimation.This architecture reduces 12.3% compared with non-power processing primitive systolic array.Based on this,futher manages circuit according to the logic producing gating clock as well as stopping register chain,and achieves 69.2% power savings.


The idea of images as a foundational mode of creating and articulating knowledge about interactivity has been gaining traction in HCI and interaction design. The use of photography and imagery has long been foundational in traditional schools of design. Inventories of " the best " such schools—however subjective—can be found in many business press sources [1]. Here, we privilege two design schools as exemplars of these traditions, owing to their associations with two key figures, László Moholy-Nagy and William Gaver. Famous for its history in connecting photography and design, the Institute of Design in Chicago was founded some 75 years ago by painter and photographer László Moholy-Nagy from the German Bauhaus [2]. In HCI the centrality of visual form has been advanced notably by Goldsmiths at the University of London under the stewardship of William Gaver [3]. Privileging these two institutions here must be accompanied by the awareness that many other fine schools and distinguished figures in the design tradition were equally important in establishing this foundational role for photography and imagery. In HCI specifically, the importance of images, per se—in a sense that includes but also extends beyond the recording of design process or presentation of concepts— has a more nascent history. special topic motivations are first introduced—with the very kind encouragement of Ron Wakkary—in Blevis, E. Digital imagery as meaning and form in HCI and design: the thinking and making behind a user enactments project. Will Odom is a Banting Fellow in the School of Interactive Arts + Technology at Simon Fraser University. He likes photographs and dogs. • images for reflection to inform a process • images as a record of contexts and environments • images as a record of concepts • images as a record of aesthetic property (i.e., materiality). In curating these images, we have endeavored to select images that are both interesting in their implications for interaction design and also fine images in their own right. INVITATION We believe that everyone can participate in making images a foundational mode of creating and articulating knowledge about interactivity. Our goal is to invite and encourage our community to consider the quality of the images they use and the roles images play in interaction design in HCI practice, education, research, scholarship, and creative activity. Visual thinking belongs to and in our community.


Abstract Norway spruce is an important commercial tree species in northern and central Europe. Pure mitochondrial DNA isolated from tissue culture materials grown in the dark were used to construct a partial mitochondrial library. 100 clones were randomly selected and 19 markers were isolated. Three of these markers proved to be polymorphic and two showed maternal inheritance in controlled crosses. These markers will be useful for population genetic studies in P. abies.


Higher school student affairs management work has experienced four stages:students political and ideological work,ideological and political education and moral education,education students and students of management,students and student affairs management.In the current rapid development of higher education background,student affairs management of the environment has undergone tremendous changes.College student affairs management must conform to the development of the times,social changes,the work on their own ideas and modes content corresponding changes.


Two fundamental principles and values of agile methods are customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software and the improvement of the communication process by continuous stakeholders' involvement. But, how to deal with customers' satisfaction and find a better visualization model at the requirements level (which stakeholders can understand and be involved) in an agile development context? Also, how this visualization model enhancement can guarantee consistency between agile requirements artefacts (e.g., user stories and domain models)? Thus, to answer these questions, this paper presents the SnapMind framework. This framework aims to make the requirements modelling process more user-centered, through the definition of a visual requirements language, based on mind maps, model-driven and domain specific language techniques. Moreover, through these techniques, the SnapMind framework focuses on support for consistency between user stories and the domain models using a model animation technique called snapshots. The framework was applied to an industrial case study to investigate its feasibility.


Aiming at the emergency scheduling for imaging reconnaissance satellites,a constraint satisfaction model is constructed by considering the main constrains.A novel scheduling algorithm based on rolling horizon optimization(RHO) strategy is proposed according to the independent arriving time and execution deadline of the emergency tasks.The RHO strategy is designed with a mixed triggering mode composed of periodical triggering and event triggering,and then the scheduling horizon is decomposed into a series of static scheduling intervals.By optimizing the scheduling schemes in each interval,the dynamic scheduling of emergency tasks is realized.In the solving process,three emergency task scheduling algorithms are developed by the combination of the RHO and the heuristics.At the last,the scheduling results of different algorithms are compared and the proposed method is demonstrated to be efficiency by extensive experimental simulations.